Malagasy customs introduced performance-based payfor customs inspectors in Madagascar’s main port of Toamasina, incentivizing them to curb tax evasion andillicit financial flows, and expedite customs clearance.
... See More + While performance pay has been associated with positive outcomes in education, health, and tax collection when objectives are clearly defined (Hasnain, Manning, andPierskall 2014; Prentice, Burgess, and Propper 2007),little is known about its usefulness in motivatingcustoms agents to achieve multiple objectives, including facilitating trade while maximizing revenue collected andminimizing fraud. Initial evidence suggests that individual inspectorperformance contracts improves customs performanceand service delivery by reducing clearance times. Thereform’s success to date reflects effective managementin customs, strong support from the Minister of Finance and Budget, extensive stakeholder consultation,application of data mining techniques, more intensivemonitoring, and deep collaboration between Malagasy customs and the World Bank. If the early results prove robust, public servant performance contracts couldbe a cost-effective approach to improving revenue administration and service delivery in other contexts,including fragile countries. Malagasy customs, under the leadership of a newdirector general, initiated reforms from 2015 to address customs performance, including deep collaboration with the World Bank.World Bank support included a study of tariff evasionchannels using mirror trade statistics. Based on this study, the Malagasy authorities identified two priorities: reforming the accelerated clearance program and improving human resource management by introducing performance contracts.
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Brief 119867 SEP 01, 2017
Raballand,Gael J. R. F.; Chalendard,Cyril Romain; Fernandes,Ana Margarida; Mattoo,Aaditya; Rijkers,BobDisclosed
Latin America can dramatically narrow itsinfrastructure service gap by spending efficiently on the right things. It remains to be seen whether spending better will be sufficient for the region to fully achieve what it aspires to.
... See More + But there is sufficient evidence that spending betterand focusing scarce public resources on what matters would significantly narrowthe service gap.
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This note describes briefly how the Piloting Community Approaches in Conflict Situation (CACS) Project currently operates. As a learning activity, the project was designed deliberately to accommodate adjustments in response to lessons emerging from implementation experience.
... See More + This note, the fourth in a series of brief operationally relevant pieces meant to inform a broad range of stakeholders about the design, implementation, and results of the project,reflects operations at the end of the projects first year. In response to a request by the Royal Thai Government to learn from international experience with appropriate and effective approaches to working in conflict-affected areas, the World Bank mobilized grant financing through its State and Peace-Building Fund to first study and then pilot approaches to local development to help mitigate the conflict in Thailands southernmost provinces. The first phase of the two-phase project, conducted in 2007-2008, was comprised of 1) a conflict study to understand and help inform the design of pilot activities, and 2) capacity-building activities to promote peace-building and conflict management. The research, conducted by a consortium of Thai academic institutions, found that community development projects were one of the key tools or means to help build peace and reconciliation. The overall goal of this second phase of the project is thus to develop effective community approaches to local development that create space and opportunity for increased interaction within and among communities and between communities and the state apparatus in an effort to promote trust building in the conflict-affected areas in the provinces of Pattani, Yala,and Narathiwas.
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The development objective of the Livestock and Fisheries Sector Development Project (LFSDP) for Ethiopia is to increase productivity and commercialization of producers and processors in selected value chains, strengthen service delivery systems in the livestock and fisheries sectors, and respond promptly and effectively to an eligible crisis or emergency.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts are includes : (i) project affected people (PAP) permanently losing less than 20 percent of landholding affected (Land remains economically viable); (ii) PAPs land used for grazing partially affected; (iii) land used for residence partially affected (limited loss/less 20 percent of holding and remaining land viable for present use); (iv) buildings and strucuture are partially affected; (v) crops affected by land acquisition or temporary acquisition or easement; (vi) loss of the communal lands: grazing land, market areas; public institutions: churches, mosques, public latrines, schools, health posts, etc; (vii) loss of income source, shelter, assets, or trees, plants and crops, etc affected by land acquisition; Some of the mitigation measures are includes : (i) cash compensation for the harvest or product from the affected land or asset, equivalent to ten times (ten years) the average annual income s/he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land; (ii) relocation assistance (costs of shifting, plus assistance in re-establishing economic trees, plus allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short-term crops mature); (iii) cash compensation for protected grasses on affected land for ten years; (iv) cash compensation at full replacement cost for affected assets situated on land. Depreciation will not be considered, so that PAPs will be able to replace the lost property; (v) cash compensation at full replacement cost without factoring depreciation or replacement land of same value of land lost and at location acceptable to PAPs where feasible; (vi) cash compensation at full replacement cost for affected building and other fixed assets; (vii) disturbance compensation equivalent to two months or more rental costs as applicable; (viii) cash compensation equivalent to ten times (ten years) the average annual income s/he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land; (ix) cash compensation at full replacement cost (the compensation cost for the trees will be calculated based on type, age and productive value of affected trees; (x) restoration and rehabilitation of the lost communal properties and public institutions physically; (xi) entitled for the livelihood restoration and any rehabilitation support planned for the project affected persons.
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This report evaluates the use of rural electrification concessions in Africa. It provides a comprehensive overview of successful and failed cases and identifies the likely factors behind successes.
... See More + The research was conducted in three stages. First, a detailed desk review of rural electric concessions in Africa was undertaken to understand the landscape of concessions. Next, six in-depth, field-based country case studies were prepared. Finally, a limited desk review of the experiences with concessions and concession-like structures in both Asia and Latin America was carried out to provide a point of comparison for the African experience. To extend the educational, economic, and health-related benefits of electricity to more people, African governments are working to increase the scale and pace of rural electrification, often in partnership with international donors guided by the international Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) Initiative. SE4All, a partnership of the United Nations, the World Bank, and the International Energy Agency, has drawn the attention of the international community to the more than 1.1 billion people around the world now living without access to modern energy sources. Of these people, roughly 630 million live in Sub- Saharan Africa, where the overall rate of access to electricity is just 35 percent; the rural rate is considerably lower (World Bank and IEA 2015). In several countries, fewer than 20 percent of rural dwellers have access to electricity in their homes. At its founding in 2013, SE4All announced the goal of achieving universal access to electricity by 2030. This report is aimed at two primary audiences: World Bank energy and infrastructure practitioners, who often receive queries from clients about the potential benefits and challenges of using concessions for rural electrification, and governments in Sub-Saharan Africa and beyond that are considering using the concession approach to address the challenge of rural electrification.
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Working Paper 119820 JUN 30, 2017
lar de Ferrenback; Richard H. Hosier, Morgan Bazilian, Tatia Lemond; zhava, Kabir Malik, Mitsunori Motohashi David ViDisclosed
The development objective of the Empowering Poor Communities and Micro-Entrepreneurs in the Georgia Tourism Sector Project for Georgia is to generate employment and increase household incomes for poor and vulnerable communities in the Kakheti and Imereti regions by supporting them to: (i) start and grow micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in the tourism sector, and (ii) implement small works for the conservation and maintenance of cultural heritage sites.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from demolition and construction activities; mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers; construction waste will be collected and disposed properly by licensed collectors; construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit; During operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; if the building is a designated historic structure, very close to such a structure, or located in a designated historic district, notification shall be made and approvals/permits be obtained from local authorities and all construction activities planned and carried out in line with local and national legislation; it shall be ensured that provisions are put in place so that artifacts or other possible ‘chance finds’ encountered in excavation or construction are noted and registered, responsible officials contacted, and works activities delayed or modified to account for such finds; all recognized natural habitats, wetlands and protected areas in the immediate vicinity of the activity will not be damaged or exploited, all staff will be strictly prohibited from hunting, foraging, logging or other damaging activities; Active traffic management by trained and visible staff at the site, if required for safe and convenient passage for the public; and ensuring safe and continuous access to office facilities, shops and residences during renovation activities, if the buildings stay open for the public.
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The development objective of the Empowering Poor Communities and Micro-Entrepreneurs in the Georgia Tourism Sector Project for Georgia is to generate employment and increase household incomes for poor and vulnerable communities in the Kakheti and Imereti regions by supporting them to: (i) start and grow micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in the tourism sector, and (ii) implement small works for the conservation and maintenance of cultural heritage sites.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from demolition and construction activities; mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers; construction waste will be collected and disposed properly by licensed collectors; construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit; During operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; if the building is a designated historic structure, very close to such a structure, or located in a designated historic district, notification shall be made and approvals/permits be obtained from local authorities and all construction activities planned and carried out in line with local and national legislation; it shall be ensured that provisions are put in place so that artifacts or other possible ‘chance finds’ encountered in excavation or construction are noted and registered, responsible officials contacted, and works activities delayed or modified to account for such finds; all recognized natural habitats, wetlands and protected areas in the immediate vicinity of the activity will not be damaged or exploited, all staff will be strictly prohibited from hunting, foraging, logging or other damaging activities; Active traffic management by trained and visible staff at the site, if required for safe and convenient passage for the public; and ensuring safe and continuous access to office facilities, shops and residences during renovation activities, if the buildings stay open for the public.
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The development objective of Great Lakes Region Displaced Persons and Border Communities Project for Zambia is to improve access to livelihoods and socio-economic infrastructure for displaced people and host communities in the targeted areas.
... See More + This restructuring requires additional grant of three million US dollars to extend regional capacity building and learning activities on development responses to forced displacement to government representatives of ICGLR Member States (MSs) across the Great Lakes Region (GLR). It also requires the following changes: 1) The new PDO for the would be: to (i) improve access to livelihoods and socio-economic infrastructure for displaced people and host communities in target areas of the territory of the Republic of Zambia, and (ii) support regional learning on development responses to forced displacement; 2) The inclusion of a new and fifth component to the Project to be funded by the AF (grant) to the ICGLR; 3) The revision of the Results Framework to include further indicators that pertain to the objectives and activities of the new fifth component (to be financed through a grant to the ICGLR) and revised PDO. 4) The addition of a new Recipient (which is also the additional implementing entity) to receive the additional grant and implement the activities under the relevant grant agreement: the ICGLR; and 5) Complementary changes to accommodate the additional grant and additional implementing agency including: an increase to Substantial, of the fiduciary risks associated with the original project to reflect additional fiduciary risks posed by the additional grant; the specification of financial management (FM), disbursement, and procurement arrangements for ICGLR, which will be further outlined in a specific Project Implementation Manual (PIM) for the new component.
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This report presents preparatory work for data collection and profiling of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Abu Shouk inDarfur, one of Sudan’s largest IDP camps.
... See More + A joint UN‐World Bank effort is currently under preparation that will pilot new data collection to compile a comprehensive profile of IDPs in Abu Shouk as well as of host communities. The objective of the pilot survey is to collect data to inform durable solutions. The pilot will also help to learn lessons on how to collect and analyze as well as disseminate data for durable solutions. The purpose of this study is to derive a conceptual foundation, survey existing data systems,provide a first assessment of the context of internal displacement in Sudan, and propose an instrument to inform durable solutions. The stipulation of a conceptual framework, a comparison of existing data systems, and a profiling exercise based on available datasets all feed into the design of a survey instrument. Specifically,the report details three preparatory steps. First, it details a framework for the analysis of internal displacement that informs durable solutions from the perspective of cause‐, needs‐, and solutions‐based criteria. Second, it provides a review of existing data systems, including a comparison to the proposed framework. Third, it provides a profile of internal displacement in Sudan with a focus on Darfur and AbuShouk based on existing data sources. Lessons from these exercises then feed into the design of a survey instrument and recommendations for its implementation. Overall, data to inform durable solutions for Sudan’s IDP population are lacking. While data collection in this context is challenging, activities by several UN agencies have resulted in well‐established data systems to inform programming and policy responses. However, datasets have often been created with a focus on specific subgroups and with the aim to inform narrow interventions. As a result, the majority of existing data systems and studies has been focused on understanding the current needs of either IDPs, refugees, or host communities. The review of existing data systems reveals significant vulnerabilities of Sudan’s IDP population. The problem of cross‐border refugee flows is very different from the problem of IDPs in Sudan.While the focus of the empirical part of this study will be on IDPs, the report also contrasts the situation of IDPs with that of refugees and returnees.The report stipulates a modular multi‐topic survey that can be administered to IDP households and households in host communities alike. The draft questionnaire has been designed to capture information about IDPs’ displacement‐related needs and allows for analyses from cause‐, needs‐, solutions‐based perspectives in a series of modules.
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Working Paper 116837 JUN 21, 2017
000390290:Utz Johann Pape:upape@worldbank.org;Disclosed
This report presents tabular data on: population; poverty and inequality; income and growth; jobs; health; education; infrastructure and amenities; and recent growth and fiscal performance.
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The Syrian refugee crisis has galvanized attention to one of the world’s foremost challenges: forced displacement. The total number of refugees and internally displaced persons, now at over 65 million, continues to grow as violent conflict spikes.This report, Forcibly Displaced: Toward a Development Approach Supporting Refugees, the Internally Displaced, and Their Hosts, produced in close partnership with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), attempts to sort fact from fiction to better understand the scope of the challenge and encourage new thinking from a socioeconomic perspective.
... See More + The report depicts the reality of forced displacement as a developing world crisis with implications for sustainable growth: 95 percent of the displaced live in developing countries and over half are in displacement for more than four years. To help the displaced, the report suggests ways to rebuild their lives with dignity through development support, focusing on their vulnerabilities such as loss of assets and lack of legal rights and opportunities. It also examines how to help host communities that need to manage the sudden arrival of large numbers of displaced people, under pressure to expand services, create jobs and address long-standing development issues. Critical to this response is collective action. As work on a new Global Compact on Responsibility Sharing for Refugees progresses, the report underscores the importance of humanitarian and development communities working together in complementary ways to support countries throughout the crisis―from strengthening resilience and preparedness at the onset to creating lasting solutions.
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The 26th Report of the Panel of Experts (POE) summarises evidence of progress on the Listof Actions (LoA) in the Comprehensive Action Plan (CAP) towards closure of theResettlement Implementation Period (RIP) by December 2017, comments on the MediumTerm Development Plan (MTDP) following closure, and suggests priority actions betweennow and the end of 2017.
... See More + Achievement of the LoA will be a significant step towards closurebut does not replace the project's Concession Agreement (CA) as the basis of the POE'srecommendation. The POE will return in November for an assessment and recommendationon closure.
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The objectives of the Cyclone Ian Reconstruction and Climate Resilience Project for Tonga are to: (a) strengthen the climate resilience of housing and selected community facilities for the affected population of Ha’apai; and (b) strengthen the recipient’s preparedness to recover from future natural disasters.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs; all displaced persons are provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets (example, land, trees, etc) attributable directly to the project; displaced persons without a recognizable legal claim or right to the land they are occupying are provided with compensation for loss of assets other land and resettlement assistance (example, cash, employment, etc); displaced persons should be provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost (including without depreciation or deduction for tax arrears, licensing or registration fees, or for any other purpose); and when cultivated land is acquired, the borrower should seek to arrange land-for-land replacement if that is the preference of the displaced person.
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The development objective of Promoting the Inclusion of Conflict-Affected Iraqi Youth Project for Iraq is to promote the social and economic inclusion of at least 3,000 conflict-affected Iraqi youth (ages 15-29) through engagement in entrepreneurship and youth-led community development activities.
... See More + To achieve its objective, this project will pilot locally based approaches that address youth’s social and economic vulnerabilities through the provision of: (i) soft skills training and psychosocial support;(ii) trainings and grants for youth-led community development activities; and (iii) business development training, grants for youth business start-up/expansion, and post-grant mentorship. The project is consistent with the Performance and Learning Review (PLR) for the period 2013-2016, which updated the Country Partnership Strategy to reflect changed country circumstances and with a view to countering violence, extremism, and instability. It is also in line with Iraq's 2013-2017 National Development Plan (NDP). This project will complement Bank-financed operations by enhancing the peacebuilding contributions of the Emergency Operation for Development Project (EODP). The EODP supports the reconstruction and rehabilitation of infrastructure and government services at local level in areas recently recovered from Islamic State of Iraq and Syria's (ISIS) control.
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The Trung Son Hydropower Project (TSHP) was designed with a strong gender action plan for the implementation of its large livelihood, minority and resettlement program.
... See More + While the plan and overall aim were considered very good practice, external evaluators found that the actual attention to ensuring men and women were benefitting equally was not being provided as planned during the early stages of implementation. To address the shortcomings, the project requested technical support from the EAP Gender and Energy Facility to help update the design, implementation, and monitoring mechanisms for their livelihood, ethnic minority and resettlement programs to ensure men and women would benefit equally from the services provided and that monitoring mechanisms would be in place to capture disaggregated progress and results.
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This is a statement by Mohammed Boussaid, Minister of Economy and Finance of the Kingdom of Morocco, at the ninety-fifth meeting of the Development Committee held on April 22, 2017.
... See More + This paper discusses about a vision for the World Bank Group in 2030 - progress and challenges and for the expeditious manner in which they made this initial progress report on the ‘vision for the World Bank Group in 2030’ available to our committee, only months after its adoption in October 2016. The major progress made in rolling out this vision, particularly with the record US$75 billion replenishment for IDA18 to finance activities relating to climate change, jobs, governance, and institutions in poor countries. He also supports IFC’s Syndicated Loan Program, which mobilized US$50 billion from over 500 financial institutions. In this connection, he encourages IFC to continue its infrastructure program that seeks to raise US$5 billion over the next two years. To that end, he believes that WBG experts must initiate dialogue on the need for a new positioning of IFC and MIGA. This will entail an overhaul of their respective business models, focusing on improving existing instruments and designing innovative mechanisms that are better able to address the increasingly complex issues related to the new development challenges.
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The development objective of the Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project (DRDIP) for Kenya is to improve access to basic social services, expand economic opportunities, and enhance environmental management for communities hosting refugees in the target areas in the Recipient's territory.
... See More + The project comprises of five components. The first component, social and economic infrastructure and services will specifically support improvements in access to quality basic services for the host communities. The key services will include education, primary and secondary health services, water supply, sanitation, and hygiene. It consists of following sub-components: (i) community investment fund; and (ii) capacity support for local planning and decentralized service delivery. The second component, environmental and natural resource management aims to decrease environmental impacts of protracted refugee presence which has resulted in deterioration of the natural resource base because of deforestation resulting from the overexploitation of wood and other non‐timber forest products for various purposes (shelter, firewood, charcoal, food, medicines, and so on), degradation of grazing lands, loss of wildlife, soil erosion, open disposal of solid waste (especially plastics), and uncontrolled abstraction of groundwater for domestic consumption and livestock. It consists of following sub-components: (i) integrated natural resources management; and (ii) access to energy. The third component, livelihoods program will support interventions aimed at improving the productivity of traditional and non‐traditional livelihoods and strengthening the resilience of communities. It consists of following sub-components: (i) support to traditional and non‐traditional livelihoods; and (ii) capacity building of community‐based organizations for livelihoods. The fourth component, project management, monitoring and evaluation (M and E), and knowledge sharing objective is to ensure enhanced and effective project management, coordination, and implementation and to support the design of the project’s M and E system, which will be described in detail in the M and E manual. The fifth component, will support the expansion of Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD’s) existing Regional Secretariat for forced displacement and mixed migration (FDMM) to include Kenya that will join other DRDIP countries in the regional project steering committee (RPSC) and represented by nominees of its national steering committee and the project coordinator.
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