Latin America can dramatically narrow itsinfrastructure service gap by spending efficiently on the right things. It remains to be seen whether spending better will be sufficient for the region to fully achieve what it aspires to.
... See More + But there is sufficient evidence that spending betterand focusing scarce public resources on what matters would significantly narrowthe service gap.
See Less -
The development objective of the Empowering Poor Communities and Micro-Entrepreneurs in the Georgia Tourism Sector Project for Georgia is to generate employment and increase household incomes for poor and vulnerable communities in the Kakheti and Imereti regions by supporting them to: (i) start and grow micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in the tourism sector, and (ii) implement small works for the conservation and maintenance of cultural heritage sites.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from demolition and construction activities; mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers; construction waste will be collected and disposed properly by licensed collectors; construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit; During operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; if the building is a designated historic structure, very close to such a structure, or located in a designated historic district, notification shall be made and approvals/permits be obtained from local authorities and all construction activities planned and carried out in line with local and national legislation; it shall be ensured that provisions are put in place so that artifacts or other possible ‘chance finds’ encountered in excavation or construction are noted and registered, responsible officials contacted, and works activities delayed or modified to account for such finds; all recognized natural habitats, wetlands and protected areas in the immediate vicinity of the activity will not be damaged or exploited, all staff will be strictly prohibited from hunting, foraging, logging or other damaging activities; Active traffic management by trained and visible staff at the site, if required for safe and convenient passage for the public; and ensuring safe and continuous access to office facilities, shops and residences during renovation activities, if the buildings stay open for the public.
See Less -
The development objective of the Empowering Poor Communities and Micro-Entrepreneurs in the Georgia Tourism Sector Project for Georgia is to generate employment and increase household incomes for poor and vulnerable communities in the Kakheti and Imereti regions by supporting them to: (i) start and grow micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in the tourism sector, and (ii) implement small works for the conservation and maintenance of cultural heritage sites.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from demolition and construction activities; mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers; construction waste will be collected and disposed properly by licensed collectors; construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit; During operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; if the building is a designated historic structure, very close to such a structure, or located in a designated historic district, notification shall be made and approvals/permits be obtained from local authorities and all construction activities planned and carried out in line with local and national legislation; it shall be ensured that provisions are put in place so that artifacts or other possible ‘chance finds’ encountered in excavation or construction are noted and registered, responsible officials contacted, and works activities delayed or modified to account for such finds; all recognized natural habitats, wetlands and protected areas in the immediate vicinity of the activity will not be damaged or exploited, all staff will be strictly prohibited from hunting, foraging, logging or other damaging activities; Active traffic management by trained and visible staff at the site, if required for safe and convenient passage for the public; and ensuring safe and continuous access to office facilities, shops and residences during renovation activities, if the buildings stay open for the public.
See Less -
This report presents preparatory work for data collection and profiling of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Abu Shouk inDarfur, one of Sudan’s largest IDP camps.
... See More + A joint UN‐World Bank effort is currently under preparation that will pilot new data collection to compile a comprehensive profile of IDPs in Abu Shouk as well as of host communities. The objective of the pilot survey is to collect data to inform durable solutions. The pilot will also help to learn lessons on how to collect and analyze as well as disseminate data for durable solutions. The purpose of this study is to derive a conceptual foundation, survey existing data systems,provide a first assessment of the context of internal displacement in Sudan, and propose an instrument to inform durable solutions. The stipulation of a conceptual framework, a comparison of existing data systems, and a profiling exercise based on available datasets all feed into the design of a survey instrument. Specifically,the report details three preparatory steps. First, it details a framework for the analysis of internal displacement that informs durable solutions from the perspective of cause‐, needs‐, and solutions‐based criteria. Second, it provides a review of existing data systems, including a comparison to the proposed framework. Third, it provides a profile of internal displacement in Sudan with a focus on Darfur and AbuShouk based on existing data sources. Lessons from these exercises then feed into the design of a survey instrument and recommendations for its implementation. Overall, data to inform durable solutions for Sudan’s IDP population are lacking. While data collection in this context is challenging, activities by several UN agencies have resulted in well‐established data systems to inform programming and policy responses. However, datasets have often been created with a focus on specific subgroups and with the aim to inform narrow interventions. As a result, the majority of existing data systems and studies has been focused on understanding the current needs of either IDPs, refugees, or host communities. The review of existing data systems reveals significant vulnerabilities of Sudan’s IDP population. The problem of cross‐border refugee flows is very different from the problem of IDPs in Sudan.While the focus of the empirical part of this study will be on IDPs, the report also contrasts the situation of IDPs with that of refugees and returnees.The report stipulates a modular multi‐topic survey that can be administered to IDP households and households in host communities alike. The draft questionnaire has been designed to capture information about IDPs’ displacement‐related needs and allows for analyses from cause‐, needs‐, solutions‐based perspectives in a series of modules.
See Less -
Working Paper 116837 JUN 21, 2017
000390290:Utz Johann Pape:upape@worldbank.org;Disclosed
The Syrian refugee crisis has galvanized attention to one of the world’s foremost challenges: forced displacement. The total number of refugees and internally displaced persons, now at over 65 million, continues to grow as violent conflict spikes.This report, Forcibly Displaced: Toward a Development Approach Supporting Refugees, the Internally Displaced, and Their Hosts, produced in close partnership with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), attempts to sort fact from fiction to better understand the scope of the challenge and encourage new thinking from a socioeconomic perspective.
... See More + The report depicts the reality of forced displacement as a developing world crisis with implications for sustainable growth: 95 percent of the displaced live in developing countries and over half are in displacement for more than four years. To help the displaced, the report suggests ways to rebuild their lives with dignity through development support, focusing on their vulnerabilities such as loss of assets and lack of legal rights and opportunities. It also examines how to help host communities that need to manage the sudden arrival of large numbers of displaced people, under pressure to expand services, create jobs and address long-standing development issues. Critical to this response is collective action. As work on a new Global Compact on Responsibility Sharing for Refugees progresses, the report underscores the importance of humanitarian and development communities working together in complementary ways to support countries throughout the crisis―from strengthening resilience and preparedness at the onset to creating lasting solutions.
See Less -
The objectives of the Cyclone Ian Reconstruction and Climate Resilience Project for Tonga are to: (a) strengthen the climate resilience of housing and selected community facilities for the affected population of Ha’apai; and (b) strengthen the recipient’s preparedness to recover from future natural disasters.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs; all displaced persons are provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets (example, land, trees, etc) attributable directly to the project; displaced persons without a recognizable legal claim or right to the land they are occupying are provided with compensation for loss of assets other land and resettlement assistance (example, cash, employment, etc); displaced persons should be provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost (including without depreciation or deduction for tax arrears, licensing or registration fees, or for any other purpose); and when cultivated land is acquired, the borrower should seek to arrange land-for-land replacement if that is the preference of the displaced person.
See Less -
The Trung Son Hydropower Project (TSHP) was designed with a strong gender action plan for the implementation of its large livelihood, minority and resettlement program.
... See More + While the plan and overall aim were considered very good practice, external evaluators found that the actual attention to ensuring men and women were benefitting equally was not being provided as planned during the early stages of implementation. To address the shortcomings, the project requested technical support from the EAP Gender and Energy Facility to help update the design, implementation, and monitoring mechanisms for their livelihood, ethnic minority and resettlement programs to ensure men and women would benefit equally from the services provided and that monitoring mechanisms would be in place to capture disaggregated progress and results.
See Less -
This is a statement by Mohammed Boussaid, Minister of Economy and Finance of the Kingdom of Morocco, at the ninety-fifth meeting of the Development Committee held on April 22, 2017.
... See More + This paper discusses about a vision for the World Bank Group in 2030 - progress and challenges and for the expeditious manner in which they made this initial progress report on the ‘vision for the World Bank Group in 2030’ available to our committee, only months after its adoption in October 2016. The major progress made in rolling out this vision, particularly with the record US$75 billion replenishment for IDA18 to finance activities relating to climate change, jobs, governance, and institutions in poor countries. He also supports IFC’s Syndicated Loan Program, which mobilized US$50 billion from over 500 financial institutions. In this connection, he encourages IFC to continue its infrastructure program that seeks to raise US$5 billion over the next two years. To that end, he believes that WBG experts must initiate dialogue on the need for a new positioning of IFC and MIGA. This will entail an overhaul of their respective business models, focusing on improving existing instruments and designing innovative mechanisms that are better able to address the increasingly complex issues related to the new development challenges.
See Less -
The development objective of the Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project (DRDIP) for Kenya is to improve access to basic social services, expand economic opportunities, and enhance environmental management for communities hosting refugees in the target areas in the Recipient's territory.
... See More + The project comprises of five components. The first component, social and economic infrastructure and services will specifically support improvements in access to quality basic services for the host communities. The key services will include education, primary and secondary health services, water supply, sanitation, and hygiene. It consists of following sub-components: (i) community investment fund; and (ii) capacity support for local planning and decentralized service delivery. The second component, environmental and natural resource management aims to decrease environmental impacts of protracted refugee presence which has resulted in deterioration of the natural resource base because of deforestation resulting from the overexploitation of wood and other non‐timber forest products for various purposes (shelter, firewood, charcoal, food, medicines, and so on), degradation of grazing lands, loss of wildlife, soil erosion, open disposal of solid waste (especially plastics), and uncontrolled abstraction of groundwater for domestic consumption and livestock. It consists of following sub-components: (i) integrated natural resources management; and (ii) access to energy. The third component, livelihoods program will support interventions aimed at improving the productivity of traditional and non‐traditional livelihoods and strengthening the resilience of communities. It consists of following sub-components: (i) support to traditional and non‐traditional livelihoods; and (ii) capacity building of community‐based organizations for livelihoods. The fourth component, project management, monitoring and evaluation (M and E), and knowledge sharing objective is to ensure enhanced and effective project management, coordination, and implementation and to support the design of the project’s M and E system, which will be described in detail in the M and E manual. The fifth component, will support the expansion of Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD’s) existing Regional Secretariat for forced displacement and mixed migration (FDMM) to include Kenya that will join other DRDIP countries in the regional project steering committee (RPSC) and represented by nominees of its national steering committee and the project coordinator.
See Less -
The development objective of the Promoting the Inclusion of Conflict-Affected Iraqi Youth Project for Iraq is to promote the social and economic inclusion of at least 3,000 conflict-affected Iraqi youth (ages 15-29) through engagement in entrepreneurship and youth-led community development activities.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) use correct tools, as well as protective clothing and masks for all workers; (2) use water efficiently and only as needed; (3) create diversion signage and use flags to divert walkers and cars if needed; (4) use correct tools, as well as protective clothing and masks for all workers; (5) create diversion signage and use flags to divert walkers and cars if needed; (6) complementary activity on waste prevention, recycling and reuse, and proper disposal; and (7) proper water storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal during activity.
See Less -
In 1991, thousands of South Sudanese boys walked into Kenya. Having fled war in their own countries, about 20 thousand of these "lost boys" first tried taking refuge in Ethiopia.
... See More + With no real options to stay, many were killed on their walk back to South Sudan or while attempting to swim the crocodile infested River Gilo, before entering Kenya. Between 7 thousand and 10 thousand were estimated to have made it alive to Kenya at that time, with no possessions besides the clothes on their back. The arrival of these "lost boys" eventually transformed how the Kenyan Government approached the issue of refugees. The Government had allowed for the integration of arriving refugees into the Kenyan population up until that point. The arrival of these "lost boys" marked the beginning of the encampment strategy in Kenya. From that point onwards, the refugee screening process was turned over from the Kenyan government to the United Nations High Commission for Refugess (UNHCR) . The boys were initially housed in a temporary camp located closer to the Sudanese border, in the town of Lokichogio. In June of 1002, the camp was relocated farther south to Kakuma Town, in the central Turkana region, where it has remained since. Flash-forward 35 years, with more than 180 thousand refuges, the Kakuma Refugee Camp stands as one of the largest urban settlements on the plains of Turkana. The camp currently houses individuals from different nationalities, primarily Sudanese, Somalis and Ethiopians. There is a significant internal economy of goods and services, bolstered by the goods (especially food) and public services provided by international organizations.
See Less -
The development objective of the Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project for Kenya is to improve access to social services, expand economic opportunities, and enhance environmental management for host and displaced households in the targeted areas of Kenya.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (i) inappropriate type of education given the socio-cultural context of pastoralism; (ii) inadequate and unskilled healthcare labor force; (iii) limited access to safe and clean drinking water, for both human and animal consumption; (iv) low latrine coverage and use unsafe human waste disposal; (v) lack of bridges to connect different communities; (vi) extraction of forests for sale by both the refugees and host communities soil erosion; (vii) inadequate pasture due to pressure on the available resources; (viii) poor health limiting their ability to participate in livelihood and other communal activities; (ix) strengthening the existing community dispute resolution mechanisms to address intra-community lawlessness; (x) involve the clan elders and the community liaison officers in information dissemination and consultation on community’s best interests; (xi) engage the youth in project activities, such as the public works to keep them actively engaged in income generation; (xii) disclose employment and procurement outcomes at the local level to ensure transparency and equal distribution of resources.
See Less -
The development objective of the Development Response to Displacement Impacts in Kenya Project for Africa is to improve access to basic social services, expand economic opportunities, and enhance environmental management for communities hosting refugees in the target areas of Kenya.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are includes : (i) lack of adequate involvement hence their issues may not be addressed; (ii) lack of involvement due to their remoteness; (iii) inadequate representation leading to lack of active involvement and due consideration of their needs; (iv) poor health limiting their ability to participate in livelihood and other communal activities; (v) increased burden of care and income generation; (vi) strengthening the existing community dispute resolution mechanisms to address intra-community lawlessness; (vii) encourage the host communities to partner with government security organs by providing intelligence to curb the proliferation of small arms and light weapons and in the fight against cross-border terrorism; (viii) sensitize the youth to avoid being used as ethnic hate mongers and for settling political wars; (ix) support the strengthening, refinement and expansion of the existing livestock insurance scheme; (x) establish technical training resource centers where the youth can acquire skills to improve on their livelihood; (xi) work through the existing structures to engender community ownership; (xii) disclose employment and procurement outcomes at the local level to ensure transparency and equal distribution of resources; (xiii) build the capacity of local youth and women to take up existing job opportunities at the county level and from the local implementing partners.
See Less -
This survey is the first source of objective information on the state of the nation since the crisis. As such it covers some important data gaps.
... See More + The commune census provides information on conditions in all communes across the territory, including on local infrastructure, health and education facilities, local governance, economic activities, conflict, security and violence, and on local perspectives of security and policy priorities. The household survey complements the commune census. It provides information on socio-economic well-being, perceptions of security and economic conditions, and opinions on policy priorities. The household survey was conducted in all but two communes, with 10 households interviewed in each. By conducting the commune and household surveys simultaneously, it is possible to explore differences in perspectives between local authorities and citizens.
See Less -
The development objective of the Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project for Kenya is to improve access to social services, expand economic opportunities, and enhance environmental management for host and displaced households in the targeted areas of Kenya.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (i) condition and size of existing land is likely to be changed due to adoption of more cropping than livestock systems; (ii) some pastoralists likely to lose grazing grounds for their livestock and this may lead to resource use conflicts between pastoralists due to changes in land use; (iii) undertake a comprehensive stakeholder engagement (pastoralist users of the land) to ensure that solutions are arrived at in a participative manner; (iv)cash compensation for affected land equivalent to market value; (v) land for land replacement will be in terms of a new parcel of equivalent size and productivity with a secure tenure status at an available location which is acceptable to the PAP; (vi) transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration and other costs; (vii) cash assistance to cover cost of restoration of the remaining structure; (viii) rehabilitation assistance if required ( assistance with job placement, skills training); (ix) cash compensation based on type, age, and productive value of affected trees PLUS 10 oercent premium.
See Less -
The development objective of the Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project for Kenya is to improve access to social services, expand economic opportunities, and enhance environmental management for host and displaced households in the targeted areas of Kenya.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) adequate waste receptacles and facilities should be provided at project sites and camp sites; (2) a routine maintenance program for all equipment, vehicles, trucks, and power generating engines should be in place; (3) engines of vehicles and trucks and earth-moving equipment should be switched off when not in use; (4) landscaping of facilities after construction and restoration of disturbed areas; (5) only road worthy vehicles and trucks should be used to avoid frequent breakdowns on the roads; (6) toilet facilities should be provided for construction workers to avoid indiscriminate defecation in nearby bush or local water bodies; and (7) all construction and other workers will be sufficiently trained in the safe methods pertaining to their area of work to avoid injuries.
See Less -
The current crisis of forced displacement is posing serious humanitarian and development challenges across the world. The World Bank Group and the international community at large cannot ignore these challenges, given their scale and complexity.
... See More + As documented in a recent World Bank report, about 65 million people – one percent of the world’s population – live in forced displacement and extreme poverty. In contrast to economic migrants, who move in search of better opportunities, and to persons affected by natural disasters, the forcibly displaced are fleeing conflict and violence. Host countries often have limited resources even before taking in refugees. The refugee influx can quickly overwhelm existing capacities, including health, housing, educational, and social welfare systems and services. Inflows of displaced people can cause social and economic challenges and disruptions to host communities. However, refugees can also bring skills, expertise, and labor that can benefit communities in the longer term. The international community can act to reduce vulnerabilities among the forcibly displaced during a crisis and then help them rebuild their lives. Such action can also mitigate the impact of forced displacement on host communities and governments. This requires action to support economic activity, job creation, and social cohesion, as well as to strengthen and expand essential services. Finally as an effective response to the mental health needs of the displaced and refugees would require strengthening partnerships between the World Bank Group (WBG), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and other international and national partners, such as Partners in Health (PIH) and International Medical Corps (IMC).
See Less -
This paper uses some of the main elements of the World Development Report 2017 framework to analyze how the initiative came to be. First, it looks to investigate the origin of the constitutional changes that gave birth to the figure of citizen’s bill in the first place, illustrating how a change in rules, a “form”, eventually led to an increased space of contestability.
... See More + It also looks to document how the coalition between civil society organizations, academia, the private sector and citizens came together around this rallying point, and how the bill grew from online platform to a full-on legislative proposal. Afterwards, it provides a brief analysis of the elements of the bill that were ultimately incorporated into the legislation of the national anticorruption system. In parallel, it looks to shed light on questions, such as, did political parties attempt to block a constitutional change with the potential to affect their interests? What role did elite organizations play in the civil society coalition? How much of the coalition’s bill made it into the national anticorruption legislation? What are the mechanisms through which these laws purpose to fight corruption? The methodological approach followed in the paper consisted of in-depth interviews with key stakeholders and a detailed review of publicly available information. The rest of the paper is structured as follows. Section two, next, discusses some of the elements of WDR 2017, which are used to frame the analysis. It then sets up the context leading up to the initiative, notably the legislative changes that allowed the figure of citizen’s bill to come to the fore. Section three looks at the path of the 3de3 citizen’s bill: its evolution from online platform, through massive crowdsourcing to full-blown national anticorruption bill. It also explores some of the most distinctive elements that the bill proposes to fight corruption. Section four provides an analysis of the incentives behind how the coalition around the initiate was built, and the unlikely alliance of actors involved—citizens, business associations, civil society organizations, academia, and legislators themselves. Section five concludes with a discussion of the entry points that led to the development of the bill—and its incorporation into the national legislation on corruption—in terms of shifts in incentives, preferences and contestability.
See Less -
