The World Bank funded the present study, Tunisia water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) poverty diagnostics, to assist the Government of Tunisia with exploring the linkages between poverty and WASH services.
... See More + The study in Tunisia was carried out as part of global WASH poverty diagnostics, which took place simultaneously in 18 countries, with varying areas of emphasis and depth. The water sector is also a priority for World Bank support in Tunisia. The present phase 3 report presents a synthesis of the findings from both phase 1 and phase 2, summarizing key analytical conclusions and drawing together recommendations focused on policy reforms, including to improve the present allocation of financing and leverage additional financing. In addition, inadequate access to WASH services is a marker of poverty. In most countries there is strong correlation between the two, and analysts of multi-dimensional poverty use WASH services as one indicator in their composite index. The present report is structured as follows: section one gives introduction. Section two provides a brief overview of the water resources and WASH context in Tunisia; section three explores the linkages between WASH services and poverty; section four summarizes the main findings from the analysis of financial flows; and section five provides recommendations to improve WASH services and financing.
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The World Bank funded the present study, Tunisia water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) poverty diagnostics, to assist the Government of Tunisia with exploring the linkages between poverty and WASH services.
... See More + The study in Tunisia was carried out as part of global WASH poverty diagnostics, which took place simultaneously in 18 countries, with varying areas of emphasis and depth. The water sector is also a priority for World Bank support in Tunisia. The present phase 3 report presents a synthesis of the findings from both phase 1 and phase 2, summarizing key analytical conclusions and drawing together recommendations focused on policy reforms, including to improve the present allocation of financing and leverage additional financing. In addition, inadequate access to WASH services is a marker of poverty. In most countries there is strong correlation between the two, and analysts of multi-dimensional poverty use WASH services as one indicator in their composite index. The present report is structured as follows: section one gives introduction. Section two provides a brief overview of the water resources and WASH context in Tunisia; section three explores the linkages between WASH services and poverty; section four summarizes the main findings from the analysis of financial flows; and section five provides recommendations to improve WASH services and financing.
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The development objective of the Andhra Pradesh Road Sector Project for India is to provide better quality, capacity, and safe roads to users in a sustainable manner through enhanced institutional capacity of the Andhra Pradesh government in the road sector.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) award will be passed and compensation will be paid as per new LA Act, 2013, as per the provisions described in para 28 of Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP) RTFCTLARR Rules, 2014; (2) if house site is not available as certified by the concerned Revenue Officer, cash will be paid in lieu of house site or commercial sites on par with market value of square yard per square basis of concerned revenue village as par the rates fixed by the Sub-Registrar office; (3) the displaced families will be given a notice of 4 months’ time to make alternative arrangements to vacate the site after giving cash assistance; and (4) solatium should be calculated on the market value including the additional market value.
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The objective of the Additional Financing of the Lifeline Road Network Improvement Project for Armenia is to improve access of rural communities to markets and services through upgrading of selected lifeline roads, and to strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Transport and Communication to manage the lifeline road network.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: the local construction and environment inspectorates and communities have been notified of upcoming activities; the public has been notified of the works through appropriate notification in the media and/or at publicly accessible sites (including the site of the works); all legally required permits have been acquired for construction and/or rehabilitation; the contractor formally agrees that all work will be carried out in a safe and disciplined manner designed to minimize impacts on neighboring residents and environment; during excavation works dust control measures shall be employed, e.g. by spraying and moistening the ground; demolition debris, excavated soil and aggregates shall be kept in controlled area and sprayed with water mist to reduce debris dust; construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit; during operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from excavation, demolition and construction activities; and mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers.
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The objective of the Additional Financing of the Lifeline Road Network Improvement Project for Armenia is to improve access of rural communities to markets and services through upgrading of selected lifeline roads, and to strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Transport and Communication to manage the lifeline road network.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: the local construction and environment inspectorates and communities have been notified of upcoming activities; the public has been notified of the works through appropriate notification in the media and/or at publicly accessible sites (including the site of the works); all legally required permits have been acquired for construction and/or rehabilitation; the contractor formally agrees that all work will be carried out in a safe and disciplined manner designed to minimize impacts on neighboring residents and environment; during excavation works dust control measures shall be employed, e.g. by spraying and moistening the ground; demolition debris, excavated soil and aggregates shall be kept in controlled area and sprayed with water mist to reduce debris dust; construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit; during operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from excavation, demolition and construction activities; and mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers.
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The objective of the Additional Financing of the Lifeline Road Network Improvement Project for Armenia is to improve access of rural communities to markets and services through upgrading of selected lifeline roads, and to strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Transport and Communication to manage the lifeline road network.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: the local construction and environment inspectorates and communities have been notified of upcoming activities; the public has been notified of the works through appropriate notification in the media and/or at publicly accessible sites (including the site of the works); all legally required permits have been acquired for construction and/or rehabilitation; the contractor formally agrees that all work will be carried out in a safe and disciplined manner designed to minimize impacts on neighboring residents and environment; during excavation works dust control measures shall be employed, e.g. by spraying and moistening the ground; demolition debris, excavated soil and aggregates shall be kept in controlled area and sprayed with water mist to reduce debris dust; construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit; during operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from excavation, demolition and construction activities; and mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers.
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The objective of the Additional Financing of the Lifeline Road Network Improvement Project for Armenia is to improve access of rural communities to markets and services through upgrading of selected lifeline roads, and to strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Transport and Communication to manage the lifeline road network.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: the local construction and environment inspectorates and communities have been notified of upcoming activities; the public has been notified of the works through appropriate notification in the media and/or at publicly accessible sites (including the site of the works); all legally required permits have been acquired for construction and/or rehabilitation; the contractor formally agrees that all work will be carried out in a safe and disciplined manner designed to minimize impacts on neighboring residents and environment; during excavation works dust control measures shall be employed, e.g. by spraying and moistening the ground; demolition debris, excavated soil and aggregates shall be kept in controlled area and sprayed with water mist to reduce debris dust; construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit; during operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from excavation, demolition and construction activities; and mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers.
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The objective of the Additional Financing of the Lifeline Road Network Improvement Project for Armenia is to improve access of rural communities to markets and services through upgrading of selected lifeline roads, and to strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Transport and Communication to manage the lifeline road network.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: the local construction and environment inspectorates and communities have been notified of upcoming activities; the public has been notified of the works through appropriate notification in the media and/or at publicly accessible sites (including the site of the works); all legally required permits have been acquired for construction and/or rehabilitation; the contractor formally agrees that all work will be carried out in a safe and disciplined manner designed to minimize impacts on neighboring residents and environment; during excavation works dust control measures shall be employed, e.g. by spraying and moistening the ground; demolition debris, excavated soil and aggregates shall be kept in controlled area and sprayed with water mist to reduce debris dust; construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit; during operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from excavation, demolition and construction activities; and mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers.
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As the World Bank and partners aim to support governments in the Middle East and North Africa address the challenges that confront the water and sanitation sector, the development of an effective regulatory framework is seen as increasingly salient.
... See More + In order to have impact in this space, some basic information is needed. The objective of this study is to collect information through a regulatory lens and present it to serve as part of the foundation for sector reviews and operations. It is not the objective of this study to analyze or critique the performance of water and sanitation services or the effectiveness of regulation in each country or to make recommendations. Thus the approach is positive rather than normative. The report is part of a wider World Bank initiative to provide government officials and other stakeholders including civil society, service providers, potential financiers, and development practitioners with the resources to better understand current conditions and consider approaches to policies, institutions and regulation that can best incentivize the delivery of sustainable services. The report discusses the different approaches in implementing regulatory functions specific to economic regulation and highlights aspects of the operating environment particular to each country context including sector institutional roles and responsibilities, tariff formulation processes, private sector participation and public-private partnerships, and the role of citizen engagement in sector regulation. This desk study is a first step intended to provide some basic information on selected countries that will serve as a foundation for determining where further support in the area of regulatory reform might be best concentrated. The authors review the status of regulatory institutions and practices in five MENA countries which were chosen to include different historic and legal frameworks and fragile/conflict states as well as those that are attempting broader sector reform.
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The development objective of the Uttarakhand Water Supply Program for Peri Urban Areas Project for India is to improve access and quality of water services in peri-urban areas and strengthen institutional capacity for sustainable water service delivery in the state of Uttarakhand.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are included : (i) provide overall guidance to ensure safe drinking water and sanitation in the state; (ii) ensure universal access to safe drinking water supply for all rural and urban habitations; (iii) provide oversight to regular and inclusive supply of potable and quality water to all habitations, schools, anganwadis, and health institutions and guide program managers to make the WSS services more accessible; (iv) identify appropriate design and technology for the WSS infrastructure; (v) finalize plan and execute schemes in consultation with community/local bodies; (vi) support participatory planning and community execution of WSS schemes, including collection of water tariff from users; (vii) ensure universal coverage of socially vulnerable groups in rural areas with water supply schemes; (viii) monitor and take preventive action to ensure public health in the urban jurisdiction; (ix) ensure appropriate implementation of water supply and sanitation, including required source strengthening needs; (x) ensure targeting or prioritization of villages with water quality and scarcity issues while planning new WSS schemes; (xi) ensure development of areas under their jurisdiction, through the implementation of various programs and schemes and coordination with other agencies involved in infrastructure development; (xii) identify water supply schemes with reducing yields and mobilize resources and implement strengthening of source activities; (xiii) fix tariff after assessing the communities’ paying capacity and make alternate/differential payment arrangement for vulnerable communities. Informally resolve conflicts and redress grievances of the community; (xiv) provide water supply sources in areas with scarcity, especially in peri-urban areas, with limited water use for irrigation/agriculture; (xv) impart trainings on the technical aspects of WSS including design, feasibility, monitoring, source-centered catchment area protection works, and water quality testing.
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The South-West Roads Project (SWRP) is currently being implemented and is being restructured to include the financing of two new road sections: Kurty-Togyz road section (km 2295-2380) and the Otar-Uzynagash road section (km 63-162).
... See More + Both of these road segments were previously appraised by the World Bank under different projects. This document reflects an updated summary of the environmental and social assessment process for the proposed restructuring of the SWRP (funded by the World Bank) to support GoK policy toward upgrading the main existing road corridors – the Western Europe – Western China (We-WCh) Corridor and the Center-South (CS) - as prioritized in the current national strategic documents and to operationalize the sector reform activities to make KAZ a commercially-oriented road operator.The ESMPs for the considered road sections developed on ESIA reports previously approved by the Bank and disclosed accordingly) also reflect aspects that came up during additional analysis, in particular, the proximity of the road to sensitive natural habitats and cultural resources, as well as the need to include requirements of the World Bank Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) guidelines. The ESMP mainly describes the baseline environmental and social conditions, potential negative impacts from the proposed activities and the agreed environmental and social mitigation and monitoring measures. In addition, it outlines the structure of environmental responsibilities and reporting and the requirements for public consultations and disclosure. The minutes of the public consultations with stakeholders that were conducted in several locations along the project alignment in April 2017 are included as attachments of the current reports. As the ongoing SWRP, the current restructuring has been process in line with category a risk investment.
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Ratings of Second Phase of National Roads Improvement and Management Program for Philippines were as follows: outcomes were moderately satisfactory, risk to development outcome was modest, Bank performance was moderately satisfactory, and Borrower performance was moderately satisfactory.
... See More + Some of the lessons learned included: (i) Transformation of governance is a long-game requiring a series of projects adaptable to the needs of the client and involving Government, the Bank and CSOs; (ii) Properly designed long-term engagement can effectively tackle substantial governance challenges in the sector; (iii) Information technology is an important tool for tackling weak governance; (iv) For biggest reform impact, think big and tackle an entire agency; and (v) Staffing continuity at the Bank could have led to improved client support during implementation.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR3186 JUN 21, 2017
Ratings for the Emergency Monrovia Urban Sanitation (EMUS) Project for Liberia were as follows: outcomes were satisfactory, the risk to development outcome was significant, the Bank performance was moderately satisfactory, and the Borrower performance was also moderately satisfactory.
... See More + Some lessons learned included: i) Engaging the private sector in delivery is not a panacea in fragile and conflict affected contexts; ii) Achieving financial sustainability for SWM services in fragile and capacity-constrained contexts requires an incremental, long-term approach; iii) Integrating the PIU with the local implementing agent has the potential to greatly enhance local capacity. However, clear roles need to be defined to avoid split responsibilities; iv) independent monitoring of waste transactions is important to minimize the risk of fraud.The simplicity of the project design is key to achieving the development objective in fragile countries.Engaging the private sector to deliver SWM services is not a panacea in fragile and conflict affected contexts.Achieving financial sustainability for SWM services in fragile and capacity constrained contexts requires an incremental, long-term approach. Integrating the PIU with the local government has the potential to greatly enhance local capacity. However, this creates a gap during the preparation of future projects, unless resources are provided and clear roles are defined to avoid split responsibilities.Solid waste data collection through weigh bridge associated with an Independent third party monitoring of solid waste data is important to minimize the risk of fraud.Constant, deep and thorough consultation/engagement of local communities around landfill sites (even at post-closing periods) is a necessity for successful operation.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR4138 JUN 20, 2017
Johannesburg and other cities in South Africa are rolling out integrated rapid public transport networks as part of an overall effort to address significant urban mobility challenges and to increase the use of public transport.The initial phases of these networks used a traditional Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) trunk and feeder approach, patterned after the successful Latin American systems developed in the 2000s.
... See More + The Rea Vaya BRT in Johannesburg is South Africa’s first such system, with 43.5 km of trunk bus corridors in operation by 2016. But the results in ridership and operating cost recovery from fares were approximately one-third of initial estimates. Urban form and travel demand patterns for transport in South African cities differ greatly from those in Latin America. South Africa’s national government, with World Bank support, has been examining these differences to reassess how South African metropolises could interpret and rethink their rapid transit operations, services, and finances.
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The development objective of East West Highway Project for Kazakhstan involves the rehabilitation, upgrading and substantial new construction of long road section which traverses a variety of environments and landscapes.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts were as follows: (i) all vehicles and equipment used in construction must be up-to-date, regularly undergo maintenance and used according to recommendations of manufacturers; (ii) all plants have to work according to recommendations of the manufacturer and located at distance away from residential areas; (iii) areas of potential pollution of rivers will be designed to prevent accidental spills and runoff and protected by sediment settlement ditches; (iv) storage of topsoil and topsoil management; (v) illegal hunting near the project area will be prohibited; (vi) ensure safety of cultural resources by observing conservation zones of 50 m from the borders of the respective objects; (vii) compliance with occupational safety rules during construction to minimize potential impact on local communities; (viii) household waste should be regularly disposed at designated land-fills; and (ix) training of the entire personnel in safety using their language.
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