This toolkit addresses the questions what and why, while focusing on the answer to how it can be done. The toolkit is pervaded by answers to the first question, while explaining the "how to": the process, the planning, the design, and the implementation of performance-based financing (PBF) schemes.
... See More + Even though the toolkit provides guidance based on experience, the experience itself is based on trial and error and constant testing, assessing, and reassessing. And this approach is why the toolkit is not meant as a final product. It attempts to capture the current state of affairs and best practices, while attempting to stay abreast by updating the methods, experiences, and tools used. This toolkit is conceived as an organized and structured collection of tools and documents to implement PBF approaches in low- and lower- middle- income countries. By using this toolkit, countries will be able to implement PBF approaches and to move rapidly in designing and implementing their schemes. This report is organized as follows: part one (chapters 1-8) deals with facility- level design issues. Part two (chapters 9-16) gives attention to design structures and issues relevant for implementation. Part three (chapter 17) addresses the current evidence on PBF schemes and contrasts the approaches in lower- and middle- income countries and organization for economic co- operation and development (OECD) countries.
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This paper investigates the effects of intermittent screening and treatment of malaria on the health and education of school children in an area of low-to-moderate malaria transmission.
... See More + A cluster randomized trial was implemented with 5,233 children in 101 government primary schools on the south coast of Kenya in 2010-12. The intervention was delivered to children randomly selected from classes 1 and 5 who were followed up twice across 24 months. Once during each school term, public health workers used malaria rapid diagnostic tests to screen the children. Children who tested positive were treated with a six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine. Given the nature of the intervention, the trial was not blinded. The primary outcomes were anemia and sustained attention and the secondary outcomes were malaria parasitaemia and educational achievement. The data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. Anemia in this setting in Kenya, intermittent screening and treatment, as implemented in this study, is not effective in improving the health or education of school children. Possible reasons for the absence of an impact are the marked geographical heterogeneity in transmission, the rapid rate of reinfection following artemether-lumefantrine treatment, the variable reliability of malaria rapid diagnostic tests, and the relative contribution of malaria to the etiology of anemia in this setting.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS6791 FEB 01, 2014
Halliday, Katherine E.; Okello, George; Turner, Elizabeth L.; Njagi, Kiambo; Mcharo, Carlos; Kengo, Juddy; Allen, Elizabeth; Dubeck, Margaret M.; Jukes, Matthew C.H.; Brooker, Simon J.
In Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), 11 percent of deaths of children under 5 are due to diarrhea. Undernourished children have an increased risk of falling sick and greater severity of disease.
... See More + Undernourished children who fall sick are much more likely to die from illness than well-nourished children. Parasitic infestation diverts nutrients from the body and can cause blood loss and anemia. During the important transition period to a mix of mix of breast milk and solid food between six and nine months of age, nearly half (48 percent) of infants are not fed appropriately with both breast milk and other foods. The World Bank is supporting both nutrition sensitive and nutrition-specific interventions involving multiple sectors. At the policy-level, the World Bank recently collaborated with Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on the rice policy study (2012) and is financing a knowledge exchange activity between Lao PDR and Indonesia to facilitate high-level interactions among policymakers to improve the effectiveness of and to scale-up nutrition interventions.
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The development objective of the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and Nutrition Services Support Project for Togo is to increase utilization of selected MCH and nutrition services for pregnant women and children.
... See More + The project has two components. The first component is improved utilization of malaria and nutrition services to address malaria in pregnancy through the provision of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfodoxinepyrimethamine (SP) and free long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs), to pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC). It has following two sub-components: (i) support for: (a) malaria control in pregnancy through provision of LLINs and SPs as part of the basic package of ANC services; (b) community-based diagnosis and treatment of malaria; and (c) management, supervision, and behavioral changes to ensure effective utilization; and (ii) community- based nutrition services for pregnant women and young children under five years of age. The second component is strengthening health monitoring and evaluation systems; project management. It has following two sub-components: (i) strengthening the health monitoring and evaluation system, particularly the health management information system (HMIS), including the government's capacity to monitor its MCH programs; and (ii) project coordination and implementation support.
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In Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), 11 percent of deaths of children under 5 are due to diarrhea. Undernourished children have an increased risk of falling sick and greater severity of disease.
... See More + Undernourished children who fall sick are much more likely to die from illness than well-nourished children. Parasitic infestation diverts nutrients from the body and can cause blood loss and anemia. During the important transition period to a mix of mix of breast milk and solid food between six and nine months of age, nearly half (48 percent) of infants are not fed appropriately with both breast milk and other foods. The World Bank is supporting both nutrition sensitive and nutrition-specific interventions involving multiple sectors. At the policy-level, the World Bank recently collaborated with Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on the rice policy study (2012) and is financing a knowledge exchange activity between Lao PDR and Indonesia to facilitate high-level interactions among policymakers to improve the effectiveness of and to scale-up nutrition interventions.
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Given the success of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs elsewhere in the world, in 2010 the Government of Tanzania, via the Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF), rolled out a CCT program in three districts.
... See More + Its aim was to see if, using a model that relied heavily on communities to target beneficiaries and deliver payments, the program could improve outcomes for the poor the way centrally-run CCT programs have in other contexts. What follows is a summary of the pilot program, the methodology used to evaluate it, and its major impacts.
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Brief 83924 JAN 01, 2014
Evans, David K.; Hausladen, Stephanie; Kosec, Katrina; Reese, Natasha
This report contributes to the design and implementation of policies that promote healthy living in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), thus effectively preventing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the region.
... See More + It examines the health and economic impact of NCDs in the region and the governance challenges in the design and implementation of multisectoral policies to prevent these conditions, including polices to improve diet, increase physical activity, and reduce tobacco use and alcohol abuse. The study focuses on how policy decisions involving multisectoral interventions to prevent health risk factors are taken, which stakeholders directly or indirectly participate in those decisions, which incentives they experience, and what strategies they use in these processes. This document is divided into six chapters: 1) non-communicable diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2) risk factors for NCDs in Latin America and the Caribbean, 3) economic impact of NCDs in Latin America and the Caribbean, 4) governance of multisectoral interventions to promote healthy living: international examples, 5) multisectoral interventions to promote healthy living in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 6) lessons learned and agenda for the future. See Less -
The objective of the National Vector Borne Disease Control and Polio Eradication Support Project for India is to enhance the effectiveness of government response to control malaria, eliminate kala azar and eradicate polio.
... See More + This will be achieved by an increase in the number of people benefiting from effective prevention, diagnosis and treatment services for malaria and kala azar, and vaccination against polio. This paper pertains to a full restructuring of the project, including a restructuring of the project development objective, changes and reallocations in the financing plan, and changes in the project components and costs. The restructuring is primarily due to constraints in procurement, which led to a major shortfall in expenditure and consequently affected project implementation.
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The development objective of the Zoonoses Control Project for Nepal is to enhance the country capacity for the prevention and control of infectious diseases that transmit between animals and humans (zoonoses) under a one health approach.
... See More + This restructuring paper, therefore, creation of a new category 'Compensation' for reallocation of USD 886,000 from category 'Training' to the newly established category.
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