In 2011, Japan celebrated the 50th anniversary of its own achievement of universal health coverage (UHC). On this occasion, the government of Japan and the World Bank conceived the idea of undertaking a multi-country study to respond to this growing demand by sharing rich and varied country experiences from countries at different stages of adopting and implementing UHC strategies, including Japan itself.
... See More + This led to the formation of a joint Japan-World Bank research team under the Japan-World Bank partnership program for UHC. The program was set up as a two-year multi-country study to help fill the gap in knowledge about the policy decisions and implementation processes that countries undertake when they adopt UHC goals. This report brings together 10 in-depth studies on different aspects of Japan's UHC experience, using a common framework for analysis focused on the political economy of UHC reform, and the policies and strategies for addressing challenges in health financing and human resources for health. Japan's commitment to UHC played a key role in the country's economic recovery after World War second, and helped ensure that the benefits of economic growth were shared equitably across the population.
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This brief summarizes the results of a gender impact evaluation study, entitled Does piped water reduce diarrhea for children in rural India?, conducted between 1993 and 1994 in India.
... See More + The study observed the impact of piped water in reduction of diarrhea among children under five in rural India on the child level. There is a significant positive impact of piped water on diarrhea prevalence and duration in children under five. There are no health gains from piped water amongst the poorest 40 percent of the population. Health gains also are smaller for households with less-educated mothers. Funding for the study derived from the Bank's Research Support Budget.
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This report concerns a default notice that publishes a national auction via an electronic bidding process for the acquisition of goods. The Contractor will perform a Bidding Data Sheet (FDE) identified in this bid through the Electronic System and defined in the FDE, accessed by an internet address stipulated in the FDE, for hiring the object described in the FDE and specified in the section of the terms of Reference dealing specifically with the description of goods and related services.
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The objective of the Tocantins Integrated Sustainable Regional Development Project for Brazil is to foster improved effectiveness of road transport and enhanced efficiency of selected public services, in support of the borrower's integrated and territorially balanced development agenda.
... See More + The project has 3 components. (1) Improving effectiveness of rural transport provision of support component will improve accessibility of the borrower's remote populations and, at the same time, foster regional economic integration and support the borrower's competitiveness and social inclusion agendas. (2) Enhanced efficiency of public services will provide the provision of support for institutional strengthening. (3) Project management component will provide support for project management in connection with the implementation and supervision of the project.
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This Results Profile is about stepping up growth and economic diversification in Benin. The global economic and financial crisis has contributed to a significant economic slowdown in Benin, and a widening of the fiscal and current account deficits.
... See More + Despite progress in improving access to basic services, achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) remains a significant challenge. Benin is on track to meet the MDGs for access to potable water in rural areas, eradicating hunger, and reduced HIV/AIDS prevalence. The International Development Association (IDA) Country Assistance Strategies have supported Benin’s efforts to implement core priorities established in its poverty reduction strategies. In June 2010, the IMF approved a three-year Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement for Benin, and called for urgent action to reduce the fiscal deficit, restore macroeconomic stability, and make progress on economic reforms. Benin is one of the heavily indebted countries that have graduated from the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, receiving 100 percent cancellation of eligible debt under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative. Under the ongoing Country Assistance Strategy (CAS), the Bank has relied on a combination of development policy and investment operations in order to encourage a coherent approach to supporting structural reforms. The government’s Growth Strategy for Poverty Reduction (2011-2015), is to make Benin an emerging economy by 2025.
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This Results Profile is about stepping up growth and economic diversification in Benin. The global economic and financial crisis has contributed to a significant economic slowdown in Benin, and a widening of the fiscal and current account deficits.
... See More + Despite progress in improving access to basic services, achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) remains a significant challenge. Benin is on track to meet the MDGs for access to potable water in rural areas, eradicating hunger, and reduced HIV/AIDS prevalence. The International Development Association (IDA) Country Assistance Strategies have supported Benin’s efforts to implement core priorities established in its poverty reduction strategies. In June 2010, the IMF approved a three-year Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement for Benin, and called for urgent action to reduce the fiscal deficit, restore macroeconomic stability, and make progress on economic reforms. Benin is one of the heavily indebted countries that have graduated from the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, receiving 100 percent cancellation of eligible debt under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative. Under the ongoing Country Assistance Strategy (CAS), the Bank has relied on a combination of development policy and investment operations in order to encourage a coherent approach to supporting structural reforms. The government’s Growth Strategy for Poverty Reduction (2011-2015), is to make Benin an emerging economy by 2025.
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This Results Profile is about equipping Moldova to respond to infectious disease outbreaks. In 2005, a series of avian flu outbreaks near Moldova's western border resulted in the culling of thousands of birds.
... See More + Moldova's laboratory equipment was outdated. Its medical and veterinary personnel had little training and experience detecting the virus, and the public was poorly aware of risk associated with avian flu and other infectious diseases. What's more, there was little compensation for farmers whose chickens had to be culled. All of this presented a big challenge to an effective government response. At the request of the Government of Moldova, the World Bank stepped in to coordinate a multi-donor effort to strengthen Moldova's capacity to respond and mitigate outbreaks of avian influenza and other infections, and increase the country's preparedness for possible pandemics. On the human health side, the renovation of an intensive care unit within the premises of the National Infectious Diseases Hospital has meant that every Moldovan infected with a deadly strain of influenza virus has a better chance of survival. The project's lasting effect is that it has also managed to change people's attitudes and behavior when it comes to prevention of infectious diseases. Extensive communication and public awareness campaigns targeted all age groups and stimulated a high level of social awareness.
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This Results Profile talks about improving living conditions for internally displaced people in Azerbaijan. Seven percent of Azerbaijan’s population, approximately 6 million people, was displaced, proportionally one of the highest concentrations of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in the world.
... See More + Azerbaijan IDP Economic Development Support Project has funded three hundred and nineteen small scale service and infrastructure micro-projects, identified by communities of internally displaced people as their greatest development needs. Micro projects included school, housing and road rehabilitation, upgrade of water and electricity supplies, and the provision of community facilities.
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The objectives of the analysis of the problem of health and poverty in 2009 in Mali are (i) provide to the Government of Mali, the World Bank and other technical and financial partners of the health sector up to date information on key issues needed to better define the nature and scope of support to the sector, (ii) contribute to and support the Plan of Health and Social Development(PDDSS)- Program of health and social development(PRODESS II) extended from 2009 to 2011, particularly issues relating to the strengthening of the health system (iii) capacity building in the Ministry of Health regarding the analysis of health policy, improving skills in the assessment, design and monitoring of policies.
... See More + After the introduction the rest of the report is organized into seven chapters. Chapter 2 analyzes the evolution of health indicators in recent years. Chapter 2 concludes with a summary of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the country. Chapter 3 is devoted to the analysis of trends in the coverage of essential health interventions. The remaining chapters of the report are devoted to changes in health systems and challenges associated with them. Chapter 4 analyzes the changes in the governance of the health system. Chapter 5 analyzes the availability and accessibility of health services with an emphasis on geographic accessibility. Chapter 6 discusses the situation of human resources, the distribution of human resources and human resources needs. The chapter analyzes the characteristics of the labor market and human resource management in the health sector. Chapter 7 discusses the situation in the pharmaceutical industry. Drug policy, drug regulation and system of supply and distribution of drugs are reviewed. Conditions of specific vaccines and blood products are analyzed. Finally, Chapter 8 covers the health financing. Volume 2 treats policy implications.
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This Results Profile focuses on visiting doctors in Russia. While Russia has made a remarkable progress in many respects since the economic crisis of the late 1990s, it struggled to meet its full potential without improving health conditions among its population and restructuring of its health system.
... See More + Russia Health Reform Implementation Project was launched by World Bank to support efforts to deal with the fragmentation and poor quality of services, shift the balance of care provided from hospitals to outpatient services at the primary level, introduce evidence-based standards for the training of personnel and the delivery of medical care, and adopt measures to ensure continuity of funding and to create incentives for high quality and efficient services to better respond to the needs of the population. The improved response capacity of the emergency medical services allows the regional health systems to timely deal with heart attacks, strokes, road traffic injuries, and other conditions that require immediate care to prevent unnecessary deaths and lasting disabilities. With the replacement and modernization of the ambulance fleet, the establishment of a centralized ambulance dispatcher centers and improved communication systems between ambulances and health facilities, including the use of Global Positioning Systems, and training of medical staff and paramedics in advance and basic life support systems. The results achieved in the two regions were promising and provided clear evidence that health reform, while technically and politically complex across the world, was indeed possible in the Russian Federation.
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This Results Profile talks about making progress against tuberculosis (TB) and HIV and AIDS in Russia. Russian men and women had a combined life expectancy of 66, about 14 years below the life expectancy of those in the European Union.
... See More + High mortality and morbidity rates were caused primarily by non-communicable diseases like heart disease, strokes, cancer, and injuries from road traffic crashes. At the same time, since the early 1990s, factors including poverty, under-funding of health services, and technical inadequacies have also contributed to Russia having one of the highest rates of TB in the world. This has been aggravated by the spread of multi-drug resistant TB and HIV and AIDS. Since 2003, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) has financed projects in the health sector in Russia. A TB and AIDS Control Project developed policies and guidelines in line with international standards for prevention, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with TB and HIV, targeting both civilians and prisoners. By the end of 2008 overall implementation of the TB and AIDS Control Project resulted in increasing coverage of TB patients by bacteriological tests up to 95 percent. A health reform project tested new approaches to restructuring the organization of health service delivery. Health service improvements contributed to decreased infant mortality rates and increased life expectancy of the population.
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This book shows how to implement a variety of analytic tools that allow health equity - along different dimensions and in different spheres - to be quantified.
... See More + Questions that the techniques can help provide answers for include the following: Have gaps in health outcomes between the poor and the better-off grown in specific countries or in the developing world as a whole? Are they larger in one country than in another? Are health sector subsidies more equally distributed in some countries than in others? Is health care utilization equitably distributed in the sense that people in equal need receive similar amounts of health care irrespective of their income? Are health care payments more progressive in one health care financing system than in another? What are catastrophic payments? How can they be measured? How far do health care payments impoverish households? This volume has a simple aim: to provide researchers and analysts with a step-by-step practical guide to the measurement of a variety of aspects of health equity. Each chapter includes worked examples and computer code. The authors hope that these guides, and the easy-to-implement computer routines contained in them, will stimulate yet more analysis in the field of health equity, especially in developing countries. They hope this, in turn, will lead to more comprehensive monitoring of trends in health equity, a better understanding of the causes of these inequities, more extensive evaluation of the impacts of development programs on health equity, and more effective policies and programs to reduce inequities in the health sector.
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Publication 42480 NOV 02, 2007
O'Donnell, Owen; van Doorslaer, Eddy; Wagstaff, Adam; Lindelow, MagnusDisclosed
This resettlement policy framework document / Marco de politica de reasentamiento for the National Solid Waste Management Project for Colombia, evaluated impact on project affected peoples (PAPs), in this regard, the following mitigation measures will be applied : acquisition of land and other assets, and resettlement of people will be minimized as much as possible; all PAPs residing and working near the existing or proposed landfills, will be provided with rehabilitation measures to assist them to improve or at least maintain their income earning capacity and livelihood levels; develop a program for information and community participation for people living around landfills, and keep them informed of phases of project implementation; persons located in the area where landfills will be built, regardless of the type of holding they demonstrate, will be entitled to receive assistance to restore their standards of living; owners and residents of the required estates shall receive clear, true and timely information about their rights, duties and the status of their relevant processes.; adhere to the international regulations ratified by the Government of Colombia, national rules, and general principles of law, that provide guidelines on the acquisition of land and protection of the fundamental rights of people displaced as a result of the implementation of development projects, and compliance with the Bank's resettlement operational safeguards for displaced persons (OP 4.12); and finally, ensure that those affected by the project will be at least as well off, if not better off than they would have been without the project.
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Resettlement Plan RP611 AUG 01, 2007
Ministerio de Ambiente Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial -MAVDTDisclosed
The objective of the project, which would remain unchanged, is to contribute to behavior change among the population of Chad in order to reduce the risk of both HIV infection and too closely spaced and / or unwanted pregnancies.
... See More + The environmental management document aims at addressing appropriate mitigation and management measures to minimize impacts that may develop during the implementation of the project. Suggested mitigation measures include : develop training programs for personnel responsible for health and security outreach issues among project affected peoples (PAPs), transport of liquid and solid waste, maintenance of medical equipments, emergency and rapid response, control of emissions, and protection of equipment and hygienic; prepare text and norms for the implementation of the dechets biomedicaux (DBM); infectious waste, such as : sharps, chemical and pharmaceuticals, used containers, broken thermometers will be disposed to an incinerator or treated before sent to waste disposal site; waste water from hospitals, health centers' toilets and bathrooms will be treated prior to discharged in to ground or natural drains; organize community outreach and public awareness campaigns to keep them inform throughout all stage of project implementation; follow the norms of environmental and medical / hospital best practices prepared by the Ministry of Health, particularly during vaccination campaigns and everyday shots / injections given at hospital and clinics; and finally, in general, adhere to Chad's legislation, codes of public health, and international conventions relative to health services (WHO / OMS, UNICEF) of which Chad is a signatory, and the Bank's health, nutrition and population, environmental and social operational safeguards directives.
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The objective of the Health Sector Reform Support Project for Kenya is to contribute to the implementation of the Kenya Essential Health Package (KEHP) at the local level, by ensuring the flow of funds to health facilities in an efficient, timely and accountable manner; and institutional strengthening, capacity building and new policy development in selected areas to strengthen Kenya's health system.
... See More + The environmental assessment (EA) report evaluated potential impacts which includes : air quality; water quality and wastewater disposal; hazardous materials management; segregation, storage and disposal of health care waste (HCW); emissions of global warming gases; amount of HCW generated; shortage of health staff in rural areas; leakage and wastage of drugs and medical supplies; planning and management capacities; disposal of untreated placentas in placenta pit resulting in pollution to soil and ground water; occupational health and operational safety; and the legal administrative and institutional frame work on healthcare waste management (HCWM). As a result of this assessment the EA addresses mitigation measures, as follows : a health care waste management (HCWM) for Kenya should be developed and implemented; general public should be restricted from landfill site; develop a plan of action for training and awareness creation on HCW including a communication strategy; promote private sector involvement in HCWM; develop a plan of action for HCW management in health care facilities including social concerns and risks associated with HCW; a plan of action for financial resources requirements necessary for implementing the National Health Care Waste Management plan; promote outreach and community-based interventions for environmental best practices; finally, adhere to the existing legal and institutional framework for HCW management of Kenya and the international agreement of which Kenya is a signatory, for the protection of the environment and human health, such as WHO, DANIDA, USAID, GTZ, SIDA, DFID, IDA.
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The Essential Public Health Functions Project for Argentina, aims to support Argentina's Federal Health Plan and its objectives to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with collective illness.
... See More + This Environmental Assessment (EA) / Marco de planificacion para la evaluacion ambiental del proyecto, evaluated environmental and social impact as follows : natural habitats; pest management; cultural property; consideration of eventual impacts upon indigenous peoples and the development of measures capable of assuring benefits that are compatible with their culture; safety of dams; involuntary resettlement; environmental cumulative impacts; liquid and solid waste disposal; waterborne diseases; projects in disputed areas; forests; and projects on international waterways. As a result of this assessment the EA addresses the following mitigation measures : avoid, minimize or mitigate adverse impacts throughout and after implementation of the project; develop a laboratory and hospital waste management plan; develop an institutional strengthening program for better coordination of Federal and participating provincial governments; guarantee adequate implementation of the project at the provincial level with equity, quality and efficiency; organize outreach and public information campaigns on environmental and health education, and community participation; prioritize programs for immunizations (PAI), the prevention of Syphilis, TB, STD and HIV / AIDS and sexual education; and finally, adhere throughout the implementation of the project to the social and environmental operational directives of the Bank and the Argentina's environment protection legislation at the national and provincial level.
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The indigenous peoples planning framework for the Philippines National Program Support for Health Sector Reform Project finances improved health care and expands health services coverage.
... See More + The Philippines Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC) makes the national health insurance program more accessible to indigenous peoples and other poor and marginalized groups by translating its information materials into many of the minority languages and dialects and using other formats such as cartoon form. To prevent exclusion of marginalized groups from formal health insurance, the PHIC has also adopted rules allowing members and their dependents to enroll even if they do not have formal documentation (such as birth certificates, marriage certificates); they may instead get two independent persons to provide certification. Mid-term and end-of-term evaluations will assess the specific impacts of these reforms on potentially vulnerable groups, including indigenous people. These evaluations will focus on the extent of coverage of indigenous people resulting from the program's expansion, as well as the extent of health insurance used, changes in health-seeking behavior, factors that help ad hinder indigenous people from using health insurance, and recommended adjustments in health service delivery to make it more responsive to indigenous people and other poor and marginalized groups.
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