The World Bank funded the present study, Tunisia water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) poverty diagnostics, to assist the Government of Tunisia with exploring the linkages between poverty and WASH services.
... See More + The study in Tunisia was carried out as part of global WASH poverty diagnostics, which took place simultaneously in 18 countries, with varying areas of emphasis and depth. The water sector is also a priority for World Bank support in Tunisia. The present phase 3 report presents a synthesis of the findings from both phase 1 and phase 2, summarizing key analytical conclusions and drawing together recommendations focused on policy reforms, including to improve the present allocation of financing and leverage additional financing. In addition, inadequate access to WASH services is a marker of poverty. In most countries there is strong correlation between the two, and analysts of multi-dimensional poverty use WASH services as one indicator in their composite index. The present report is structured as follows: section one gives introduction. Section two provides a brief overview of the water resources and WASH context in Tunisia; section three explores the linkages between WASH services and poverty; section four summarizes the main findings from the analysis of financial flows; and section five provides recommendations to improve WASH services and financing.
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The World Bank funded the present study, Tunisia water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) poverty diagnostics, to assist the Government of Tunisia with exploring the linkages between poverty and WASH services.
... See More + The study in Tunisia was carried out as part of global WASH poverty diagnostics, which took place simultaneously in 18 countries, with varying areas of emphasis and depth. The water sector is also a priority for World Bank support in Tunisia. The present phase 3 report presents a synthesis of the findings from both phase 1 and phase 2, summarizing key analytical conclusions and drawing together recommendations focused on policy reforms, including to improve the present allocation of financing and leverage additional financing. In addition, inadequate access to WASH services is a marker of poverty. In most countries there is strong correlation between the two, and analysts of multi-dimensional poverty use WASH services as one indicator in their composite index. The present report is structured as follows: section one gives introduction. Section two provides a brief overview of the water resources and WASH context in Tunisia; section three explores the linkages between WASH services and poverty; section four summarizes the main findings from the analysis of financial flows; and section five provides recommendations to improve WASH services and financing.
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The objective of the Additional Financing of the Lifeline Road Network Improvement Project for Armenia is to improve access of rural communities to markets and services through upgrading of selected lifeline roads, and to strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Transport and Communication to manage the lifeline road network.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: the local construction and environment inspectorates and communities have been notified of upcoming activities; the public has been notified of the works through appropriate notification in the media and/or at publicly accessible sites (including the site of the works); all legally required permits have been acquired for construction and/or rehabilitation; the contractor formally agrees that all work will be carried out in a safe and disciplined manner designed to minimize impacts on neighboring residents and environment; during excavation works dust control measures shall be employed, e.g. by spraying and moistening the ground; demolition debris, excavated soil and aggregates shall be kept in controlled area and sprayed with water mist to reduce debris dust; construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit; during operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from excavation, demolition and construction activities; and mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers.
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The objective of the Additional Financing of the Lifeline Road Network Improvement Project for Armenia is to improve access of rural communities to markets and services through upgrading of selected lifeline roads, and to strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Transport and Communication to manage the lifeline road network.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: the local construction and environment inspectorates and communities have been notified of upcoming activities; the public has been notified of the works through appropriate notification in the media and/or at publicly accessible sites (including the site of the works); all legally required permits have been acquired for construction and/or rehabilitation; the contractor formally agrees that all work will be carried out in a safe and disciplined manner designed to minimize impacts on neighboring residents and environment; during excavation works dust control measures shall be employed, e.g. by spraying and moistening the ground; demolition debris, excavated soil and aggregates shall be kept in controlled area and sprayed with water mist to reduce debris dust; construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit; during operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from excavation, demolition and construction activities; and mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers.
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The objective of the Additional Financing of the Lifeline Road Network Improvement Project for Armenia is to improve access of rural communities to markets and services through upgrading of selected lifeline roads, and to strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Transport and Communication to manage the lifeline road network.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: the local construction and environment inspectorates and communities have been notified of upcoming activities; the public has been notified of the works through appropriate notification in the media and/or at publicly accessible sites (including the site of the works); all legally required permits have been acquired for construction and/or rehabilitation; the contractor formally agrees that all work will be carried out in a safe and disciplined manner designed to minimize impacts on neighboring residents and environment; during excavation works dust control measures shall be employed, e.g. by spraying and moistening the ground; demolition debris, excavated soil and aggregates shall be kept in controlled area and sprayed with water mist to reduce debris dust; construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit; during operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from excavation, demolition and construction activities; and mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers.
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The objective of the Additional Financing of the Lifeline Road Network Improvement Project for Armenia is to improve access of rural communities to markets and services through upgrading of selected lifeline roads, and to strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Transport and Communication to manage the lifeline road network.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: the local construction and environment inspectorates and communities have been notified of upcoming activities; the public has been notified of the works through appropriate notification in the media and/or at publicly accessible sites (including the site of the works); all legally required permits have been acquired for construction and/or rehabilitation; the contractor formally agrees that all work will be carried out in a safe and disciplined manner designed to minimize impacts on neighboring residents and environment; during excavation works dust control measures shall be employed, e.g. by spraying and moistening the ground; demolition debris, excavated soil and aggregates shall be kept in controlled area and sprayed with water mist to reduce debris dust; construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit; during operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from excavation, demolition and construction activities; and mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers.
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The objective of the Additional Financing of the Lifeline Road Network Improvement Project for Armenia is to improve access of rural communities to markets and services through upgrading of selected lifeline roads, and to strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Transport and Communication to manage the lifeline road network.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: the local construction and environment inspectorates and communities have been notified of upcoming activities; the public has been notified of the works through appropriate notification in the media and/or at publicly accessible sites (including the site of the works); all legally required permits have been acquired for construction and/or rehabilitation; the contractor formally agrees that all work will be carried out in a safe and disciplined manner designed to minimize impacts on neighboring residents and environment; during excavation works dust control measures shall be employed, e.g. by spraying and moistening the ground; demolition debris, excavated soil and aggregates shall be kept in controlled area and sprayed with water mist to reduce debris dust; construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit; during operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from excavation, demolition and construction activities; and mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting and stored in appropriate containers.
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As the World Bank and partners aim to support governments in the Middle East and North Africa address the challenges that confront the water and sanitation sector, the development of an effective regulatory framework is seen as increasingly salient.
... See More + In order to have impact in this space, some basic information is needed. The objective of this study is to collect information through a regulatory lens and present it to serve as part of the foundation for sector reviews and operations. It is not the objective of this study to analyze or critique the performance of water and sanitation services or the effectiveness of regulation in each country or to make recommendations. Thus the approach is positive rather than normative. The report is part of a wider World Bank initiative to provide government officials and other stakeholders including civil society, service providers, potential financiers, and development practitioners with the resources to better understand current conditions and consider approaches to policies, institutions and regulation that can best incentivize the delivery of sustainable services. The report discusses the different approaches in implementing regulatory functions specific to economic regulation and highlights aspects of the operating environment particular to each country context including sector institutional roles and responsibilities, tariff formulation processes, private sector participation and public-private partnerships, and the role of citizen engagement in sector regulation. This desk study is a first step intended to provide some basic information on selected countries that will serve as a foundation for determining where further support in the area of regulatory reform might be best concentrated. The authors review the status of regulatory institutions and practices in five MENA countries which were chosen to include different historic and legal frameworks and fragile/conflict states as well as those that are attempting broader sector reform.
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The South-West Roads Project (SWRP) is currently being implemented and is being restructured to include the financing of two new road sections: Kurty-Togyz road section (km 2295-2380) and the Otar-Uzynagash road section (km 63-162).
... See More + Both of these road segments were previously appraised by the World Bank under different projects. This document reflects an updated summary of the environmental and social assessment process for the proposed restructuring of the SWRP (funded by the World Bank) to support GoK policy toward upgrading the main existing road corridors – the Western Europe – Western China (We-WCh) Corridor and the Center-South (CS) - as prioritized in the current national strategic documents and to operationalize the sector reform activities to make KAZ a commercially-oriented road operator.The ESMPs for the considered road sections developed on ESIA reports previously approved by the Bank and disclosed accordingly) also reflect aspects that came up during additional analysis, in particular, the proximity of the road to sensitive natural habitats and cultural resources, as well as the need to include requirements of the World Bank Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) guidelines. The ESMP mainly describes the baseline environmental and social conditions, potential negative impacts from the proposed activities and the agreed environmental and social mitigation and monitoring measures. In addition, it outlines the structure of environmental responsibilities and reporting and the requirements for public consultations and disclosure. The minutes of the public consultations with stakeholders that were conducted in several locations along the project alignment in April 2017 are included as attachments of the current reports. As the ongoing SWRP, the current restructuring has been process in line with category a risk investment.
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Ratings for the Emergency Monrovia Urban Sanitation (EMUS) Project for Liberia were as follows: outcomes were satisfactory, the risk to development outcome was significant, the Bank performance was moderately satisfactory, and the Borrower performance was also moderately satisfactory.
... See More + Some lessons learned included: i) Engaging the private sector in delivery is not a panacea in fragile and conflict affected contexts; ii) Achieving financial sustainability for SWM services in fragile and capacity-constrained contexts requires an incremental, long-term approach; iii) Integrating the PIU with the local implementing agent has the potential to greatly enhance local capacity. However, clear roles need to be defined to avoid split responsibilities; iv) independent monitoring of waste transactions is important to minimize the risk of fraud.The simplicity of the project design is key to achieving the development objective in fragile countries.Engaging the private sector to deliver SWM services is not a panacea in fragile and conflict affected contexts.Achieving financial sustainability for SWM services in fragile and capacity constrained contexts requires an incremental, long-term approach. Integrating the PIU with the local government has the potential to greatly enhance local capacity. However, this creates a gap during the preparation of future projects, unless resources are provided and clear roles are defined to avoid split responsibilities.Solid waste data collection through weigh bridge associated with an Independent third party monitoring of solid waste data is important to minimize the risk of fraud.Constant, deep and thorough consultation/engagement of local communities around landfill sites (even at post-closing periods) is a necessity for successful operation.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR4138 JUN 20, 2017
Johannesburg and other cities in South Africa are rolling out integrated rapid public transport networks as part of an overall effort to address significant urban mobility challenges and to increase the use of public transport.The initial phases of these networks used a traditional Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) trunk and feeder approach, patterned after the successful Latin American systems developed in the 2000s.
... See More + The Rea Vaya BRT in Johannesburg is South Africa’s first such system, with 43.5 km of trunk bus corridors in operation by 2016. But the results in ridership and operating cost recovery from fares were approximately one-third of initial estimates. Urban form and travel demand patterns for transport in South African cities differ greatly from those in Latin America. South Africa’s national government, with World Bank support, has been examining these differences to reassess how South African metropolises could interpret and rethink their rapid transit operations, services, and finances.
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The development objective of East West Highway Project for Kazakhstan involves the rehabilitation, upgrading and substantial new construction of long road section which traverses a variety of environments and landscapes.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts were as follows: (i) all vehicles and equipment used in construction must be up-to-date, regularly undergo maintenance and used according to recommendations of manufacturers; (ii) all plants have to work according to recommendations of the manufacturer and located at distance away from residential areas; (iii) areas of potential pollution of rivers will be designed to prevent accidental spills and runoff and protected by sediment settlement ditches; (iv) storage of topsoil and topsoil management; (v) illegal hunting near the project area will be prohibited; (vi) ensure safety of cultural resources by observing conservation zones of 50 m from the borders of the respective objects; (vii) compliance with occupational safety rules during construction to minimize potential impact on local communities; (viii) household waste should be regularly disposed at designated land-fills; and (ix) training of the entire personnel in safety using their language.
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The development objective of the Transport Infrastructure and Connectivity Project for Lesotho is to improve access to agricultural markets and tourist sites and promote job creation in targeted areas of Lesotho, whilst supporting improvements in road safety and providing immediate and effective response in the event of an eligible crisis or emergency.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are includes : (i) spent or waste oil from vehicles and equipment should be collected and temporarily stored in drums or containers at site; (ii) construction workers to follow prescribed precautions when working in dusty conditions; (iii) construction vehicles to be regularly maintained and fitted with suitable exhaust systems to reduce emissions; (iv) The contractor must supply the workers with firewood or preferably gas cooking appliances, to ensure that wood is not harvested from the surrounding vegetation; (v) fines to be imposed for infractions relating to habitat conservation and disturbance of natural vegetation; (vi) stockpile areas must be clearly demarcated and stabilised to ensure minimum erosion during rainstorms; (vii) all plant to be well maintained and fitted with effective mufflers; (viii) fences or safety barriers to be erected between construction activities and graves or graveyards; (ix) suitable erosion control mechanisms to be instituted in the design and layout of the bridges and road to reduce silt loads in surface water runoff; (x) provide drums or containers for temporary storage on site of waste oil from equipment and vehicles; (xi) maintenance and cleaning of vehicles, trucks and equipment should take place offsite; (xii) identify cultural heritage resources and existing ecologically sensitive areas; (xiii) ensure that the local communities are given priority in relation to employment and provided with training (skilled) to provide future labour in the project e.g. operation and maintenance.
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The World Bank funded the present study, Tunisia water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) poverty diagnostics, to assist the Government of Tunisia with exploring the linkages between poverty and WASH services.
... See More + The study in Tunisia was carried out as part of global WASH poverty diagnostics, which took place simultaneously in 18 countries, with varying areas of emphasis and depth. The water sector is also a priority for World Bank support in Tunisia. The present phase 3 report presents a synthesis of the findings from both phase 1 and phase 2, summarizing key analytical conclusions and drawing together recommendations focused on policy reforms, including to improve the present allocation of financing and leverage additional financing. In addition, inadequate access to WASH services is a marker of poverty. In most countries there is strong correlation between the two, and analysts of multi-dimensional poverty use WASH services as one indicator in their composite index. The present report is structured as follows: section one gives introduction. Section two provides a brief overview of the water resources and WASH context in Tunisia; section three explores the linkages between WASH services and poverty; section four summarizes the main findings from the analysis of financial flows; and section five provides recommendations to improve WASH services and financing.
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The development objective of the Water and Sanitation Service Improvement Project for Kenya is to increase access to water supply and sanitation services in the project implementing entities’ service areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) control of dust and hydrocarbon fumes during trenching and excavation; (2) control noise to be within the recommended limits to avoid disturbance of neighbors; (3) prevention of accidents protection against advanced health effects; (4) sensitize the public on consequences of accumulation of stagnant water around the water kiosks; and (5) provision of a means to allow migration of fish and other aquatic organism upstream and downstream across the weir.
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The development objective of the Cheesemanburg Landfill and Urban Sanitation Project for Liberia is to support increased access to solid waste management (SWM) services in Greater Monrovia.
... See More + The project proposes to support the Government of Liberia to undertake requisite studies and the construction of a sanitary landfill at Cheesemanburg to serve as a regional SWM facility for the Greater Monrovia. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are includes : (i) minimize the amount of precipitation coming into contact with the waste during all stages; (ii) provide the facility with an adequate Solid Waste storage area (roofed, impermeable paving, proper drainage and ventilation) with a capacity of at least two consecutive days throughput; (iii) maintain good housekeeping practices including elimination of mud/dirt carried out on paved roads at the construction site, periodic removal of dust-producing materials; (iv) provide training to staff about the fundamentals of occupational health and safety procedures; (v) use material stockpiles and other structures to screen noise from on-facility construction and site preparation activities; (vi) use to the extent possible the generated construction debris in filling activities or stockpile and store for future use as daily cover within the landfill; (vii) store general refuse generated on-site in enclosed bins or compaction units separate from construction and chemical wastes; (vii) select construction materials, architectural designs and colour schemes that will naturally blend into the landscape for all project facilities including buildings, fencing, and signs; (viii) manage the compost to attend and then maintain a sufficiently high internal temperature for the duration required to reduce pathogens; (ix) ensure that vehicles and containers are appropriate to the quantity and quality of waste transported and that they are adequately maintained; (x) Clean continuously litter within closed facilities as well as on all roads within the site including access roads.
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A substantial literature has examined the impact of stress during the early stages of life on later-life health. This paper contributes to that literature by examining the later-life health impact of stress during adolescence and early adulthood, using a novel proxy for stress: risk of military induction in the United States during the Vietnam War.
... See More + The paper estimates that a 10 percentage point (2 standard deviation) increase in induction risk in young adulthood is associated with a 1.5 percentage point (8 percent) increase in the probability of being obese, and a 1 percentage point (10 percent) increase in the probability of being in fair or poor health later in life. These findings do not appear to be due to cohort effects; the associations exist only for men who did not serve in the war, and are not present for women or men who did serve. These findings add to the evidence on the lasting consequences of stress, and indicate that induction risk during the Vietnam War may, in certain contexts, be an invalid instrument for education or marriage, because it appears to have a direct impact on health.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8063 MAY 16, 2017
Cawley,John Horan; De Walque,Damien B. C. M.; Grossman,DanielDisclosed
The development objective of the Transport Sector Improvement Project for Ghana are to: (i) reduce travel time on selected parts of the classified road network in Northern Ghana, (ii) promote road safety, and (iii) strengthen the institutional management of the transport sector.
... See More + The project has three components. The first component,road asset preservation aims at improving the sustainable management of the Ghana roads network with support for the establishment of a network-wide Road Asset Management System (RAMS) and the introduction of Performance-based Contract (PBC), in the form of long-term performance-based road contracts based on design-build-operate maintain- transfer principles. This component has three sub-components, (i) development of a road asset management system; (ii) improved asset management on the trunk road network; (iii) improved asset management of the feeder road network; and (iv) improved asset Management of the Urban Road Network. The second component, improved road safety supports activities implemented by both the National Road Safety Commission (NRSC) and the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority (DVLA). The third component, institutional strengthening and capacity building will support the implementation of the several updated policies, the most important being the updated National Transport Policy (NTP) and Tolling Policy. The Government has a vision to modernize the transport sector in general while improving the management efficiency of the road subsector, in particular, in response to the rapidly increasing demands for reliable and safer road infrastructure. This component has three sub-components, (i) institutional strengthening, (ii) supporting capacity building, (iii) supporting project implementation.
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This factsheet surveys multisectoral nutrition assessment in Sri Lanka's estate sector where malnutrition is an issue of public health concern; under nutrition in children under five years and among pregnant women has far-reaching consequences for them and society at large; several risk factors prevail in the estate sector that lead children to be malnourished; problems have been identified in food utilization and feeding practices; knowledge is not translated into practice; gaps in quality of service provision for children were noted; significant space for improving nutrition service delivery for women both before and during pregnancy; poor standards of Child Development Centers; provision of safe water and sanitation facilities prevents malnutrition and diarrhea.
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Working Paper 115196 MAY 13, 2017
;000299428:Dilinika Peiris:dpeiris@worldbank.org; 000232652:Phoebe M. Folger:pfolger@worldbank.org; ;000250282:Yi-Kyoung Lee:ylee1@worldbank.org;Disclosed
