The objective of the Multisectoral Early Childhood Development Project for Marshall Islands is to improve coverage of multisectoral early childhood development services.
... See More + There are four components to the project, the first component being improve coverage of essential RMNCH-N services. This component aims to improve the availability and coverage of an evidence-based package of essential RMNCH-N and stimulation services for the first 1,000 days. The component has two sub-components, one aimed at strengthening stewardship and management of health administration and the other at directly strengthening service delivery. The second component is the Improve coverage of stimulation and early learning activities. Component two aims to improve children’s cognitive and socio-emotional development and facilitate children’s readiness for on-time transition to primary school through expanding access to stimulation and early learning services. This component includes two subcomponents: strengthening MOEST management and stewardship of ECD services; and enhancing delivery of stimulation and early learning activities. The third component is the social assistance for early years’ families. This component aims to introduce a conditional cash transfer (CCT) pilot to modify care practices and behaviors and promote uptake of ECD services. This component includes two subcomponents: strengthening Government of RMI’s capacity to establish and deliver social assistance program for ECD, and provision of cash transfers to early years’ families in selected areas. Finally, the fourth component is the strengthening the multisectoral ECD system and project management. This component includes two subcomponents: national multisectoral ECD strategy and governance, and ECD awareness and SBCC campaign.
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The First and Second Fiscal Effectiveness and Growth Development Policy Loans of Romania had a moderately unsatisfactory overall outcome, a moderately satisfactory performance by the Bank and the monitoring and evaluation quality was moderately unsatisfactory.
... See More + The lessons learned were: (1) DPLs require ownership of reforms and leadership throughout the preparation and implementation of the reform agenda. In periods of high political volatility, the option of P4R should also be explored. (2) Loan agreements cannot presume decisions of parliament. Associated risks may be mitigated by early provision of adequate information to relevant parliamentary commissions and inclusion of key parliamentarians and advisors in capacity building programs. (3) Excessive pressure for speedy legislative action may force the government to resort to emergency ordinances, undermining the attributions of parliament, and increasing the arbitrariness and the lack of transparency of public decisions.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR4471 JAN 30, 2019
Only 58 percent of Georgian women ages 15 and above participate in the labor market, a slightly higher share than the Europe (51 percent) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (51.3 percent) average but 20 percentage points lower than the share among men in the country.
... See More + Moreover, the gender gap in labor force participation has been constant and around 18 to 20 percentage points over the last decade. Married women living in households with children under age six are at a higher disadvantage in the labor market; only 50 percent of them participate in the labor force compared to 84 percent of men with similar characteristics.The conflicting demand on women’s time for care and work activities represents a fundamental barrier to economic participation and generates a vicious circle of low labor market attachment and prominence of the care provider role that leads to increased vulnerability and gender-based inequalities. About 60 percent of working-age women not looking for a job in Georgia cite family responsibilities as the main reason (the share is 67 percent among married ones). In the case of men, this percentage is 21 percent. Georgia cannot afford to underutilize a large share of women whose lifetime productivity in the labor market is currently reduced by informal and at-home care provision. In fact, for Georgia, it has been estimated that differences in labor market activity rates between men and women amount to potential economic losses in gross domestic product per capita of approximately 11 percent (Cuberes and Teignier 2016a, 2016b). Policy options to appropriately address the challenges identified in this note include the expansion ofpublicly and privately provided childcare centers in both urban and rural areas, establishment ofeducation and accreditation programs to prepare caregivers and care entrepreneurs, development of aplan to increase quality of services with attention to costs, and design of eldercare system considering the impacts on care recipients, the active aging promotion objective of age-related policies, as well as the impacts on informal and family care providers and their ability to contribute to sustained economic growth.
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