The development objective of the Meghalaya Community Led Landscape Management Project (MCLLMP) for India is to strengthen community-led natural resources management in selected landscapes in the state of Meghalaya.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are includes : (i) conversion of pine trees area into open land; (ii) improve on afforestation in the village; (iii) commercial logging is practice mainly in private land for sale as timber, causing fragmentation of forest into smaller patches; (iv) creating awareness on the higher value of the forest when they are left standing, and its impact on climate change, soil conservation, flash flood among the community and private owner; (v) habitat loss and habitat fragmentation due to logging and clearing of forest area in private land; (vi) identification, preserving, and providing awareness to private owner and community as a whole about these sensitive zone and avoidance of encroachment into this area; (vii) open forest (pine trees land) available in the interior part of the village, and dense forest are found only in the community forest. Coal mining in privately owned land have contributed hugely to the degradation of forest area; (viii)CLLMP will work towards spring shed development and drainage land treatment, by prioritizing the most affected area; (ix) aquatic life in river has decrease and in some river they have disappeared for good; (x) plantation of indigenous flora and trees to help support the loss of biodiversity; (xi) dustiness is another problem due to huge number of vehicles travelling from that area; (xii) capacity building and awareness on coal mine effluent and its impact on health and environment; (xiii) CLLMP will help develop community development plan which will help in providing employment opportunity for the community as a whole; (xiv) to keep a check on the land use pattern, jhum cultivation is practice only on the community land; (xv) to prevent the loss of natural environment the community has set up a reserve forest to preserve the natural flora and fauna of the region which has grown naturally; (xvi) to address to climate change, the community member has practice plantation within their private land.
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The development objective of the Electricity Sector Development Project for Uganda is to improve the availability and reliability of electricity supply in the northeast and southwest regions of Uganda.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are includes : (i) the peri-urban grid extension electrification project will boost the country’s rural electrification programme, accelerate and facilitate small and medium enterprises; (ii) creation of job opportunities to the local unskilled, semi-skilled as well as skilled persons in the community and transfer of technology; (iii) remove as much vegetation as possible by hand and avoid the use of heavy machinery, especially in sloping areas and sensitive areas; (iv) for the affected crops and trees in the private tree plantations adequate compensation will be paid to the owners; (v) any excavated material will remain within the site until it is taken away for proper disposal or used for backfilling to avoid loose soil being washed away by storm water; (vi) compensate all crops and trees at the going rates and in line with the latest District compensation rates; (vii) waste soil will be reused for backfilling where necessary. Other reusable materials will be sold to interested people; (viii) waste collection bins will be provided onsite for temporary domestic waste storage. The collected waste will be transported and finally disposed to a designated disposal site by a certified waste collection firm; (ix) no dumping of such materials should be encouraged along the road especially at the road reserve areas; (x) installation of secondary containment measures in areas where fuels, oils or lubricants are stored, loaded or unloaded, including filling points; (xi) earplugs will be provided to construction workers exposed to high noise levels; (xii) all construction staff will be trained in Health and Safety procedures on a regular basis; (xiii) equipment and machines shall be operated by trained and certified personnel; (xiv) storage of oil in drums for refilling transformers that may have leaked either duringtransportation or storage will be undertaken in impervious lined areas, with provision foroff-ground support; (xv) vehicles transporting materials will be required to observe speed limits especially within population centres in order to reduce dust levels;
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Cambodia has become one of the world’s leaders in poverty reduction and shared prosperity. Cambodia sustained an average growth rate of 7.6 percent in 1994-2015, ranking sixth in the world, and has now become a lower middle-income economy.
... See More + Cambodia’s success has ridden on employment creation, although labor productivity gains have been lower than in other fast-growing economies, partly due to lower capital intensity. Growth has also been driven to a large extent by the country’s rich and diverse natural capital which supports the livelihoods of millions of Cambodians. Going forward, Cambodia may not be able to rely on the same factors that drove strong growth and poverty reduction over the past two decades. Declining external competitiveness threatens the sustainability of garments and tourism and poses a challenge to economic diversification and moving up the value chain. A number of institutional, human capital, and, to a lesser extent, infrastructure constraints hamper competitiveness as well as the creation of a vibrant private sector in Cambodia. In light of these challenges and risks, areas of development for ensuring strong, inclusive, and sustainable growth with shared prosperity in Cambodia going forward were identified, based on analysis and consultations with stakeholders. The areas for development were ranked based on the impact interventions will have on maintaining strong and sustainable growth and achieving poverty reduction and shared prosperity, in terms of creating and enhancing households’ participation in better economic opportunities, the share of the population affected, and complementarity with other interventions.
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The development objective of the Electricity Sector Development Project for Uganda is to improve the availability and reliability of electricity supply in the northeast and southwest regions of Uganda.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are includes : (vegetation clearance will be restricted within the road reserves. The contractor will also ensure that: clearing exercise is controlled and limited to what is necessary for openingup on new access road, quarry andcamp sites; protect people’s health from environmental risk and pollution through a number of measures such as;routine sprinkling of water on dust surfaces to suppress dust, availing workers with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as masks,helmets, hand gloves, boots and ear muffs; proper storm water drainage facilities(culverts) have to be designed at the various areas along the route to preventany erosion that may contribute to the increase of suspended solids; landscaping and evening up of cliffs could be done on decommissioning ofworks. There will be efforts to ensure proper drainage of the site to avoid water logging in the areas; workers will be trained and sensitized on safety measures while on the site and the need to take personal responsibility on one’s health and safety; sort waste into bio degradable and non biodegradable using various colour coded bins; The contractor’s top management will note the need for cordial and harmonious relations with its workers and the communities; provide surveillance and activescreening and treatment of workers and the community where a communicable disease is discovered; smoking should only be allowed in designated low-risk areas. No smoking must be allowed near fuel storage areas.
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Since 2014, the World Bank Group (WBG) has formally mainstreamed citizen engagement in its strategy to end extreme poverty and share prosperity, building on 25 years of emerging practice and research.
... See More + In the early 2000s, the WBG issued guidance on multi stakeholder engagement to strengthen accountability relationships through citizen participation and ensure that the benefits of development projects reached the poor. Most recently, the development community has acknowledged that development outcomes improve when citizens participate in development, leading to the WBG mandate to mainstream citizen engagement across sectors and countries. The research described in this report, made possible through the Nordic trust fund (NTF), a multi donor knowledge and learning program on human rights for WB staff, aims to deepen understanding of citizen engagement in the development arena through in-depth study of three grassroots initiatives in which empowered citizens played a central role. The research complements existing approaches by explicitly adopting a human rights perspective as well as focusing on organic citizen-led initiatives rather than WBG- or client-initiated projects. In analyzing these cases, this report applies the framework of the World Development Report 2017 (WDR 2017): governance and the law to understand how citizens effectively disrupted the persistent power asymmetries that undermined development outcomes. This report analyzes citizen engagement to reduce corruption in service delivery in three diverse settings: in Afghanistan, improving education outcomes through community-based monitoring of schools; in Paraguay, monitoring sovereign wealth fund resources allocated to education to improve the infrastructure of marginalized schools; and in Serbia, promoting transparency and the integrity of physicians to reduce corruption in the health sector.
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The development objective of the Local Government Support Project for Burkina Faso is to strengthen the central government’s capacity for administrative and fiscal decentralization and the institutional capacities of communes in six regions, and to improve accountability linkages between local policy makers and citizens in the six regions.
... See More + The project has are four component, establishment of the foundations for robust administrative and fiscal intergovernmental institutions is to support the central government to establish a transparent and rule based intergovernmental fiscal framework and robust intergovernmental administrative systems. This Component has three subcomponents under the original Project. (i) supporting high-level policy making; (ii) support to the Ministry of Finance; and (iii) support the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization; The second component, strengthening capacity of municipalities to manage local development is to provide resources to communes through institutional development grants. It will support them in developing the core administrative systems and capacities they need to attain basic levels of administration, as well as effective municipal oversight functions, communication and feedback channels with the citizens. All activities under this component remain unchanged except for supporting the development and implementation of commune Institutional Development Plans (IDPs) in the seven regions that were not covered in first phase of the project. The third component, improving citizen participation in local governance strengthen local government accountability for service delivery. It seeks to promote the development of a culture of citizen engagement and oversight in decision-making and service delivery. This component has three sub component, (i) strengthening local council and community oversight of local government, (ii) recognizing and rewarding good local governance practices through competitive sub-grants performance, (iii) municipal performance tracking, and (iv) partnerships with community-based organizations; The fourth component, project management and evaluation will provide project management support to the project coordination unit in project implementation and support regular project evaluations as well as procurement and safeguards reviews and financial reporting and auditing.
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This report is prepared within Phase 2 of the project Renewable Energy Resource Mapping for Malawi. This project focuses on solar resource mapping and measurement services as part of a technical assistance in the renewable energy development implemented by the World Bank in Malawi.
... See More + It is being undertaken in close coordination with the Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining (MoNREM) of Malawi, the World Bank’s primary country counterpart for this project, and Malawi Meteorological Services (MMS). This project is funded by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), administered by the World Bank and supported by bilateral donors. Thi delivery of site-specific data, site adaptation of solar model, data uncertainty and statistical summary. This report accompanies delivery of site-specific solar resource and meteorological data for three sites, where solar meteorological stations have been operated. As a result of high-quality operation of the meteorological sites and site adaptation of the Solargis model, reliable historical time series and TMY data is computed. The delivered time series and Typical Meteorological Year data is ready to use for bankable evaluation of solar energy projects report summarizes results of first twelve months of the measuring campaign at three solar meteorological stations installed in Malawi, as part of the World Bank’s ESMAP mission in Malawi.
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In Nepal, researchers supported by the World Bank's Strategic Impact Evaluation Fund worked with the government to develop a program to inform pregnant women and mothers of young children on how to best care for themselves and their children, using already ongoing community meetings to deliver messages.
... See More + An impact evaluation was designed to measure the effectiveness of the information and to test whether combining this with a short-term cash transfer for mothers made it more effective. The evaluation found that mothers who received both information and cash reported a higher likelihood of breastfeeding their babies and reported that they took recommended vitamins and their households consumed more calories. Also, their children had better fine and gross motor skills as compared to the control group, which didn't receive this intervention. But there weren't any reductions in malnutrition. Two years later, after a devastating earthquake in 2015, researchers returned and found that while mothers still retained more knowledge on good nutrition practices, their children didn't show any continued development gains. The results are helping the Government of Nepal as it considers new steps for improving child development, and the materials used during the meetings to inform women about healthy nutrition have been adopted for wider use.
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The Village Financial Assistance Program (Bantuan Keuangan Peumakmu Gampong, BKPG) began in 2009. Through the BKPG program, the Government of Aceh intends to accelerate development and poverty reduction while strengthening the capacity of village governments to deliver needed services.
... See More + In order to evaluate the performance of BKPG, SurveyMeter in collaboration with PNPM Support Facility and CPDA conducted a survey in 2013. The survey was conducted with the aim of assessing program utilization, the overall effectiveness of the program, and the perceptions of Acehnese villagers of the program. 600 households were selected using a cluster sampling method from twenty households in 30 villages in Aceh.
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In Papua and West Papua, PNPM Rural is implemented together with RESPEK (Rencana Strategis Pembangunan Kampung, or the Village Development Strategic Plan), a CDD program at the provincial level.
... See More + The two programs were implemented together in the two provinces in 2008 under one name, PNPM RESPEK. In 2010, the then Governor of West Papua decided to separate the implementation of RESPEK from PNPM Rural, following which funding for RESPEK was directly channelled to village heads who were also responsible for the implementation of the program. This beneficiary assessment study, based on a study conducted in 2013 is a unique attempt to capture and understand the perspectives of beneficiaries of the PNPM/RESPEK program in the challenging environment of Papua and West Papua. The findings of this study highlight some of the key implementation challenges of CDD in remote areas and proposes how these might be addressed for future implementation of CDD programs in Papua/West Papua, as well as in the context of the new Law on Villages (Law No. 6/2014), known as the Village Law. The Village Law will see a significant increase in development funding allocated to villages, while mandating the inclusion of participatory, transparency and accountability principles in its implementation mechanism.
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In Papua and West Papua, PNPM Rural is implemented together with RESPEK (Rencana Strategis Pembangunan Kampung, or the Village Development Strategic Plan), a CDD program at the provincial level.
... See More + The two programs were implemented together in the two provinces in 2008 under one name, PNPM RESPEK. In 2010, the then Governor of West Papua decided to separate the implementation of RESPEK from PNPM Rural, following which funding for RESPEK was directly channelled to village heads who were also responsible for the implementation of the program. This beneficiary assessment study, based on a study conducted in 2013 is a unique attempt to capture and understand the perspectives of beneficiaries of the PNPM/RESPEK program in the challenging environment of Papua and West Papua. The findings of this study highlight some of the key implementation challenges of CDD in remote areas and proposes how these might be addressed for future implementation of CDD programs in Papua/West Papua, as well as in the context of the new Law on Villages (Law No. 6/2014), known as the Village Law. The Village Law will see a significant increase in development funding allocated to villages, while mandating the inclusion of participatory, transparency and accountability principles in its implementation mechanism.
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Social pensions - non-contributory provisions for old age, mostly means-tested—have mushroomed in the global South since the 1990s, and have also been advocated by international organizations.
... See More + Using the data base FLOORCASH constructed by the authors and their research team, they cover all countries of the global South, to go beyond existing case studies and selective comparisons. The authors investigate the contribution of social pensions to rights-based social protection and seek to explain their spread across the global South. While in Northern welfare states universal social services and social insurance are seen as the hallmarks of social citizenship as conceived by T.H. Marshall, measured by indices such as Esping-Andersen’s decommodification index, this paper advances a conceptualization of social rights that includes means-tested benefits, in order to recognize the bigger role of non-contributory transfers in developing countries. Applying a new measure of the social quality of social pensions, the authors detect considerable differences between countries, which are not reducible to the common distinction universal vs. means-tested benefits. Combing the social quality measure with the dimension of scale (population covered), the authors identify four normative models of old-age security. One of these models might herald a new social model for the South. Finally the paper applies event history analysis to explain the spread of social pensions across the global South, finding that standard domestic variables, subscription to international norms, and pension reform events were central drivers of social pension expansion.
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The development objective of the Social Protection Enhancement Project for West Bank and Gaza (WB and G) is to establish a single targeting and referral system to provide cash benefits and services to poor and vulnerable households.
... See More + The project comprises of four components. The first component, cash transfer program (CTP) support will finance cash transfers for about 5,000 households in the WB and G, representing 4 percent of the total of the CTP. The second component, social registry (SR) will provide technical and financial support to: (i) develop, feed, and update the SR inclusion and information system (architecture, software, hardware, operations manuals (OMs), and household registration, among others); (ii) establish a legal framework for it as functional entry point for social programs; and (iii) assure the transition of beneficiaries of CTP and other programs into the SR. The third component, case management system (CMS) will finance the development and implementation in selected areas of a CMS. The fourth component, program management and monitoring will ensure that the Ministry of Social Development (MoSD) team is operational and the project is implemented in accordance with the legal agreement, the project appraisal document (PAD), and the project OM.
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The development objective of the Rural Safety Net Project for Ethiopia is to support the Government of Ethiopia in improving the effectiveness and scalability of its rural safety net system.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (i) ensure drainage controls on new roads and rehabilitate temporary access following subproject implementation; (ii) minimize water crossings in road location and alignment; (iii) avoid interference with informal land users, and take measures to provide them access to alternative lands or resources; (iv) ensure that yards and storage areas include safety measures, as well as procedures for managing waste and avoiding placement in areas that are used for pastoralism, farming, etc.; (v) assess water supply and existing demands, and manage sustainability; (vi) identify and avoid effects of diversion or extraction on downstream ecosystems that depend on the surface or groundwater supply; (vii) provide training to farmers on sustainable irrigated agriculture, including maintenance of infrastructure; (viii) protect and encourage regeneration of endemic species; (ix) establish a water users committee through the kebele and equitable rules for water allocation; ensure a local grievance redress system is in place; (x) construction sites should include procedures for managing waste; local communities should be informed about temporary disturbance, noise, dust, etc.
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Power shortages present a significant challenge to manufacturers, who rely on power as a key input to production. In Pakistan, power shortages are commonplace, but empirical evidence on the impact of shortages is still lacking.
... See More + Using a survey of 4,500 manufacturing firms for the year 2010-11, this paper estimates the impact of electricity shortages on firm productivity in Pakistan. The analysis finds that a 10 percent increase in the duration of outages on average leads to a 0.14 percent decrease in a firm's total revenue and a 0.36 percent decrease in the value added, all else being equal. There is heterogeneity in the impacts of shortages across sectors: the industries that are most energy-intensive, such as manufacturers of metal, wood, and paper, are affected the most severely by shortages.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8130 JUN 29, 2017
The development objective of Livestock Sector Development Support Project for Burkina Faso are to enhance productivity and commercialization of non-pastoral animal production in selected chains, and strengthen the country’s capacity to respond to severe crises affecting the livestock sector, and to provide immediate and effective response in the event of an Eligible Crisis or Emergency.
... See More + This project has three components. 1) The first component, Improved access to livestock services and inputs, aims to enhance livestock productivity in selected value chains through improved access of producers to animal health services and inputs, and institutional strengthening of MRAH’s operational capacity to efficiently carry out its core responsibilities. It comprises three sub-components: (i) Improving livestock producers’ access to animal health services; (ii) Improving livestock producers’ access to quality inputs to raise better livestock and (iii) Institutional strengthening. 2) The second component, Livestock Value Chains Development, aims to strengthen the efficiency and competitiveness of selected livestock value chains (beef, small ruminants, milk, poultry and pig, as well as honey and aquaculture) to enhance production and meet the demand of national and regional markets while generating higher incomes for value chains actors and creating employment opportunities. It has the following two subcomponents: (i) Enhancing the investment climate in the livestock sector; and (ii) Support to investment sub-projects. 3) The third component, Crisis Management and Project Coordination, aims to strengthen project coordination capacities within the MRAH. It includes two sub-components: (i) Crisis Management; and (ii) Project Management
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