The objective of the Third Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project for Kyrgyz Republic is to improving water supply and sanitation services for the target rural communities, and building up capacities of institutions in the water supply and sanitation (‘WSS’) sector.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: displaced persons as well as the residents of the host settlements should be provided with timely and relevant information, participate in consultations on resettlement options, and have opportunities to participate in planning, implementing, and monitoring of the resettlement activities. Appropriate and accessible mechanisms for administration and redress of grievances should be established for these groups; in new resettlement sites or in host communities, the necessary infrastructure and public services should be provided to improve, restore, or maintain accessibility and quality of service for the displaced persons and local residents. Alternative or similar resources to be provided to compensate the loss of access to common utility resources; the value of the labor invested in preparing agricultural land will be compensated at the average wage in the community for the same period of time. The rate used for land compensation should be updated to reflect values at the time compensation is paid; and fruit trees will be compensated to the owner by estimating the value of a seedling of a fruit tree considering the number of years needed to grow the tree to full maturity, and the cost of fruit crop produced by this tree within the indicated period.
See Less -
The reform of China's collectively owned forest land, began in 2008, is arguably the largest land-reform undertaking in modern times in terms of area and people affected.
... See More + Under the reform, forest lands have been contracted to rural households, allowing them more independence in exercising their rights and interests in the forest lands, giving them more opportunities to improve family incomes, and creating incentives for them to cultivate, conserve, and manage forests. These lands are home to some 610 million people, many of them poor. With urbanization, vast numbers of Chinese men have migrated to cities to work, leaving women as the predominant labor force in rural areas. Indeed, some 70 percent of China’s agriculture labor force is now female. The immense scope of this change calls for a systematic examination of how China's rural women gain access to and exploit forest land and associated resources and services. The reform was designed to unfold in two broad stages. In the first, collectively owned forest lands suitable for contracting were allocated on equal terms to each household in affected villages. The ongoing second stage represents a deepening of the reform. It deals with subsidies and ecological compensation, financial services (including use of forest tenure as collateral and transfers of forest land), forest insurance, technical services and training, farmers’ associations and cooperatives, and market services. However, the monitoring had not covered the gender dimension of the reform, meaning that the gender data required to accurately reflect the full effects of the reform have been lacking. Building on the annual monitoring conducted by the FEDRC, the study reported here added gender-related investigation and analysis to obtain gender data about the current reform situation, its problems, and their causes. It also included structured interviews with rural women and group meetings with local government agencies, women’s federations, and village committees.The ultimate objective of the study is to achieve better gender-responsiveness in China’s collective forest tenure reform. Specifically, this includes: (i) equality in access to and control of forest lands, as well as access to associated resources and services; (ii) women’s participation and equality in decision-making concerning the conservation and utilization of forest resources; and (iii) impacts of the first two aspects on the status and well-being of women. The World Bank has had over 30 years of successful cooperation with China in the forestry sector. Women’s access to the services and resources that are the focus of the second stage of the reform will be a critical element of the World Bank’s continuing reform dialogue with its Chinese partners.
See Less -
The Strategic Cities Development Project (SCDP) aims to improve selected urban services and public urban spaces in the participating City Regions of Sri Lanka.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: absence of legal titles in cases of public land users will not be considered a bar to assistance, especially for the socio-economically vulnerable groups; where development interventions affect community facilities such as social, religious and cultural facilities they will be restored in the relocation areas in consultation with the relocated persons and the host community; alternative shops will be provided to the displaced shopkeepers irrespective of their ownership status if they are found eligible; consultation and disclosure requirements will be adapted to meet the special needs of the project; and the scheduling of the land acquisition and resettlement planning and implementation will be appropriately linked with civil works ensuring that the affected people are provided with their entitlements and suitably relocated prior to site handover for civil works.
See Less -
For every three years a country is affected by major violence (defined as deaths due to war or excess homicides comparable to a major war), economic growth lags behind by 2.7 percentage points.
... See More + Citizen security issues impact women and men differently. For example, women are more likely to be assaulted or murdered by someone they know - in fact, worldwide the share of homicides by an intimate partner was six times higher for female victims compared with male victims (39 percent versus 6 percent, respectively). Boys who witness intimate partner violence (IPV) during childhood are more likely to exhibit delinquent behavior and to perpetrate IPV in adulthood. And girls who witness violence are more likely to experience IPV in adulthood.
See Less -
This report, Europe and Central Asia - Missing Women in the South Caucasus : Local perceptions and proposed solutions, discusses research conducted on skewed sex ratios in the South Caucasus.
... See More + It discusses (i) the factors that encourage sex selection in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, (ii) whether and how these might be changing; (iii) public awareness of and attitudes regarding skewed sex rations; and to propose potential policy responses. The report examines the following: factors contributing to smaller families and unbalanced sex rations in the South Caucasus, the reasons for underlying son preference, attitudes toward daughters, factors that make women vulnerable to pressures to produce sons. It also describes how intergenerational and gender relationships are starting to change and proposes some recommendations for addressing the factors that underlie unbalanced sex rations.
See Less -
This note aims to provide information and analysis as a basis for a better understanding of the challenges and constraints of achieving gender equality in Bolivia, with a special focus on the intersectionality between gender and ethnicity.
... See More + Combining and analyzing existing evidence and new data, it seeks to document gender-specific disparities in development outcomes, highlight opportunities and constraints to women’s empowerment, and identify areas in which continuing knowledge gaps are particularly important to understand and address gender inequalities. The analysis in this note suggests that: there is important progress in development outcomes for women, in their access to services and to decision-making spaces; the intersection of gender and ethnicity deepens the gaps in some development outcomes in Bolivia; women feel discriminated against in different aspects of their lives, in particular indigenous women. Not having access to economic opportunities limit women’s agency; and while women with higher levels of agency are able to more fully take advantage of existing opportunities.
See Less -
The community of development partners in the Republic of Moldova would be honored to engage in the development policy dialogue with the new Government.
... See More + This briefing book from development partners is offered as a first step in such a dialogue and is solely intended to assist the new Government by providing development partners views and proposals that it can use to the extent it considers useful and relevant. These recommendations are based on Moldovas existing policy orientations as set out in the National Development Strategy Moldova 2020, its international obligations, and the Association Agreement (AA) with the European Union (EU). Moldova made a formal commitment to accelerate the countrys development by making it capital-intensive, sustainable and knowledge-driven. With a strategic framework outlining Moldovas development path in place, it is now critical to accelerate implementation of the reforms including those set out in the Association Agenda to move closer to the EU. Moldova faces significant risks in the financial sector, which should be addressed as a matter of urgency. A well-regulated and reliable banking sector is fundamental to business, people and international investors. At the same time a robust system of public financial management should be in place to ensure transparency and accountability of public finances. Moldova should develop a competitive business environment attractive to new investment. Moldova should also take advantage of new trading opportunities through effective implementation of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA).
See Less -
This report identifies and maps procedural steps according to the law on the books and actual practice for a selected number of types of proceedings in Serbian courts.
... See More + The work on the report was conducted in 2014 by the company IPSOS. The survey was funded by the Multi Donor Trust Fund for Justice Sector Support (MDTF-JSS), established with generous contributions from the EU delegation in Serbia, the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID), the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, and Switzerland.
See Less -
The development objectives of the Electricity Supply Reliability Project for Armenia are to increase the reliability and capacity of the transmission network and to reduce energy consumption of social public buildings.
... See More + Negative impacts include: loss of land, loss of crops and trees, buildings, agriculture land, loss of business. Mitigation measures include: 1) agricultural land impacts will be compensated at either in cash at market or cadastral value (whichever the highest) plus a 15 percent allowance or through replacement land equal in value/productivity to the plot lost acceptable to the Project Affected Persons (PAPs); 2) buildings will be compensated to all APs irrespective of the house registration status in cash at replacement cost plus a 15 percent allowance; 3) crop compensation will be paid both to landowners and tenants based on their specific sharecropping agreements; 4) cash compensation at market rate based on type, age and productivity of trees; 5) permanent losses for business activity will be compensated in cash equal to a 1-year net income based on tax declaration; and 6) indemnity for lost wages for the period of business interruption up to a maximum of 6 months.
See Less -
The development objectives of the Electricity Supply Reliability Project for Armenia are to increase the reliability and capacity of the transmission network and to reduce energy consumption of social public buildings.
... See More + Negative impacts include: loss of land, loss of crops and trees, buildings, agriculture land, loss of business. Mitigation measures include: 1) agricultural land impacts will be compensated at either in cash at market or cadastral value (whichever the highest) plus a 15 percent allowance or through replacement land equal in value/productivity to the plot lost acceptable to the Project Affected Persons (PAPs); 2) buildings will be compensated to all APs irrespective of the house registration status in cash at replacement cost plus a 15 percent allowance; 3) crop compensation will be paid both to landowners and tenants based on their specific sharecropping agreements; 4) cash compensation at market rate based on type, age and productivity of trees; 5) permanent losses for business activity will be compensated in cash equal to a 1-year net income based on tax declaration; and 6) indemnity for lost wages for the period of business interruption up to a maximum of 6 months.
See Less -
The objective of the Third Village Investment Project for Kyrgyz Republic is to building the local capacity for participatory planning of the process of development and improvement of the access to social and economic infrastructure among local residents by means of rural community grants.
... See More + Negative impacts include: loss of asset, loss of structures, loss of income, and loss of livelihood. Mitigation measures include: particular attention should be paid to socially vulnerable groups, such as ethnic minorities, female headed households, elderly households etc. and appropriate assistance should be provided during the resettlement process and to help them improve their livelihoods; land acquisition and resettlement should be conceived of and executed as a part of the project, and the full costs of compensation should be included in the project costs and benefits; compensation or rehabilitation assistance should be provided prior to displacement or any project-related activity that may cause harm to the PAPs; compensation will be provided for community assets identified through the socioeconomic survey. In all cases these will be provided in kind and new facilities will be constructed or the old facilities repaired if partially impacted by the project; and compensation will be paid for the lost income during the construction period (time lag between losing the income and re-establishment). This will be estimated based on records of the daily or monthly income of the affected parties.
See Less -
The development objective of the Huainan Mining Area Rehabilitation Project for China is to support environmental remediation and redevelopment of the JiuDa mining site in Huainan city.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) collectively owned land shall be compensated at the price of complex area; compensation for land of contracted land shall all be released to land-expropriated households. Pension insurance shall be provided for the land-lost farmers, and job opportunities and skill training shall be provided prior to them; (2) skill training shall be provided to land-transferred farmers; job opportunities shall be provided prior to them; employment promotion measures shall be taken; (3) uncertified private houses shall be compensated at cost price and will not be resettled, but nearby economically affordable houses can be provided for households living in uncertified private houses to purchase; (4) compensation for green crops shall be provided and occupied land shall be restored; and (5) all charges and management fee involved in the appeal on resettlement issues of land expropriation and demolition of affected people shall be exempted.
See Less -
The Project's Global Environment/Development Objective is to strengthen capacity in the DRC to conserve globally important biodiversity.
... See More + Specifically, the project aims to: enhance ICCN's overall capacity; help rehabilitate two key protected areas and their buffer zones; foster collaboration with local and international NGO partners; develop constructive and mutually beneficial relationships with local communities; and contribute to identifying new protected areas. The Support for the Rehabilitation of the Protected Areas System Project of Congo elaborates strategies on how this can be achieved and establishes detailed measures how to: wherever possible, every effort will be made to avoid involuntary physical displacement of the population; where the physical movement is unavoidable, mitigation measures are identified and developed so that the affected populations remain, if not improve, their living conditions and initial production; where the affected populations, whether inside or outside the protected areas, are forced to modify or restrict their access to natural resources in protected areas in question, they will be actively involved in the process of the identification, preparation, implementation and monitoring of development activities and recommended mitigation measures including plans for management and development and functional framework of compensation, in accordance with national legislation and international standards including the World Bank; where indigenous peoples live in protected areas or their proximity and use natural resources, mitigation measures and specific development will be taken to protect their culture, their lifestyle and their modes of production.
See Less -
The National Parks Network Rehabilitation Project aims to: enhance the Congolese Institute for Nature Conservation's (ICCN) overall capacity; help rehabilitate two key protected areas and their buffer zones; foster collaboration with NGO partners; develop constructive and mutually beneficial relationships with local communities; and contribute to expanding the protected areas network.
... See More + This study tries to enhance the social impacts of the GEF-WB Project before it becomes operational and verifies whether the projects fulfils the social safeguard standards of the World Bank in view of a possible financial engagement. The report has been discussed on three workshops (Nagero 12/2006, Kinshasa 1/2007 & Beni 1/2007) and consequently adopted by all stakeholders. The potential negative aspects of the project include: 1) agriculture whereby animals destroy crops in the farms around the protected areas and the access to land in existing and proposed protected areas is restricted. This leads to impoverishment, malnutrition and conflicts over available lands; 2) the loss of access to traditional hunting grounds results in hunting income losses and the commercialization of bush-meat is out-ruled, resulting in income losses and impoverishment; 3) the access loss to traditional use zones leading to the loss of fishing revenue; 4) the access loss to traditional use zones leading to the loss of revenue in the traditional exploitation and firewood; 5) loss of access to the gold mining leading to a loss of revenue from the traditional exploitation and all other associated activities (transportation, business etc.); and 6) the loss of access to traditional gathering grounds in existing and proposed protected areas results in impoverishment and malnutrition.
See Less -
The objective of this IPP is to make sure, that the Project respects the dignity, human rights, economies, and cultures of the indigenous peoples in the project areas and provides them equal and culturally appropriate benefits, which should be defined in free, prior and informed consultations.
... See More + The IPP elaborates strategies on how this can be achieved and establishes detailed measures how to (a) avoid potentially adverse effects on the Indigenous Peoples' communities; or (b) when avoidance is not feasible, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects. The Twa, Mbuti, Cwa and Aka are identified as the indigenous peoples of the DRC. The project specifies that: (a) where is it possible, all effort will be made to avoid physical involuntary displacement of population; (b) where there is no way to avoid the physical displacement , mitigation measure will be identified and developed so that affected population keep even better their livelihood and the initial production; (c) where, affected communities are obliged to change or restrict their access to natural resources within those prospected areas even if they are inside or nearby protected areas, they will actively be associated in the identification, implementation, recommended follow up of development actions process and mitigation measures, including with the national policy and the international standards even those of the World Bank and (d) where indigenous people are living within protected areas or nearby and use natural resources, mitigation measures and specific development decision will be taken to protect their culture, way of living their way of production. Yet, it is expected that the project will have the following negative aspects: 1) discrimination; 2) Physical or economical involuntary resettlement of people within existing and proposed protected areas through law and regulation enforcement through forest transformation in protected areas; access restriction to the consecrate sites; 3) Impoverishment due to restricted access to natural resource in existing and proposed protected areas and their buffer zones and loss of access to possible benefits from other forms or land use ; 4) No benefit sharing; and 5) No participation in decision making processes (Marginalization of the rural populations in general and indigenous peoples in particular in decision making, the elaboration and implementation of development plans and the monitoring and evaluation processes).
See Less -
