The objective of the Erosion and Watershed Management Project for Nigeria is to restore degraded lands and reduce longer-term erosion vulnerability in targeted areas.
... See More + Negative measures include: increased traffic; air and noise emissions; solid wastes generation and handling; effluents; use of natural resources; earth movements such as landslides, earth flow, mud flow, etc; occupational and public health issues; biodiversity loss, endangered and exotic species; and flooding. Mitigation measures include: a) proper disposal of construction spoil and any hazardous waste will be stored in areas clearly designated and labelled; b) providing complimentary livelihood (promoting alternative means of income (which is sustainable and adaptable for each community); c) ensure that the air quality levels are constantly monitored which can be obtained from relevant local air pollution control agencies or metrology units in the states; d) roadway runoff will not be placed directly into watercourses but allowed to flow over grassed or pervious pavements in order to permit the settling out of fine materials; and e) ensure that all road signs are completed with speed limits zones and traffic signs in place.
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The development objectives of the Odra-Vistula Flood Management Project for Poland are to increase access to flood protection for people living in the selected areas of the Odra and the upper Vistula river basins; and to strengthen the institutional capacity of the government to mitigate summer, winter, and flash-floods more effectively.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) building a system of integrated water management in the Odra river basin, which will take into account such aspects as flood protection of adjacent areas, protection of the Odra river water quality as well as of the natural and cultural environment; (2) the scope of flood control of the Klodzko valley covers flood protection of the inhabitants (approximate 234,000) and of developed areas of a total area surface of 497 hectors. It comprises protection of humans and animals along with property. The investment provides for the individual protection of approximate 250 households as well; and (3) upper Vistula is located in the area of 3 provinces: Malopolskie, Podkarpackie, and Swietokrzyskie. The planned actions comprise the following components: passive protection of upper Vistula towns and cracow, protection of Sandomierz and Tarnobrzeg, passive and active protection in Raba sub-basin, and passive and active protection in San sub-basin.
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The development objective of the Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Improvement Project for India is to improve rural water supply and sanitation services and service delivery arrangements in Punjab.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) making alternative power supply arrangements for restoring regular water supply; (2) ensuring that project management unit establish good rapport with the Government of India and state district water sanitation committees (DWSCs) for timely release of funds and sanctioning of contracts respectively; (3) holding multiple rounds of stakeholder consultations prior to conceptualizing and during preparation of the project; (4) reinforcing women education and empowerment programs; (5) motivating community for taking part in water and sanitation management for sustainability of service delivery so that financial viability of the schemes is not affected; and (6) hiring of professional agencies for developing and implementing communication strategy for sanitation, hygiene, and conjunctive use of water.
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The development objective of the Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Improvement Project for India is to improve rural water supply and sanitation services and service delivery arrangements in Punjab.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) making alternative power supply arrangements for restoring regular water supply; (2) ensuring that project management unit establish good rapport with the Government of India and state district water sanitation committees (DWSCs) for timely release of funds and sanctioning of contracts respectively; (3) holding multiple rounds of stakeholder consultations prior to conceptualizing and during preparation of the project; (4) reinforcing women education and empowerment programs; (5) motivating community for taking part in water and sanitation management for sustainability of service delivery so that financial viability of the schemes is not affected; and (6) hiring of professional agencies for developing and implementing communication strategy for sanitation, hygiene, and conjunctive use of water.
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The objective of the First Phase of the River Bank Improvement Project for Bangladesh is to reduce the adverse impacts of flooding and erosion along the Brahmaputra right embankment, enhance its sustainable management and improve accessibility along the Brahmaputra Right-bank Embankment (BRE) corridor.
... See More + Negative impacts include: impact on water quality, dust, and air pollution, impact on cultural heritage, noise pollution, soil erosion, waste management, loss of vegetation, and loss of ecology. Mitigation measures include: the road surface will be maintained regularly for smooth traffic flow and reduction of vehicular emissions; tree plantation will be carried out along the road embankments to reduce the impacts on air quality; during design of road component, a detailed traffic noise modeling will be carried to out to design noise barriers (e.g. walls, vegetation) along the embankments to reduce the noise levels near sensitive receptors such as schools; and the contractors will be required to prepare code of conduct to be followed by all site personnel, to respect religious beliefs and sites, and to conduct in a culturally appropriate manner. In addition, chance find procedures will be followed in case of accidental discovery of any sites or artifacts of religious, historical, or cultural importance.
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The development objective of the Agriculture Productivity and Nutrition Improvement Project for Kyrgyz Republic is to increase agricultural productivity and food security of rural households in selected areas nationwide.
... See More + Negative impacts of the project would include: construction-related damage caused by contractors during construction activities, including dumping of excavated sediments and other materials from irrigation canals and drainage collectors; a long-term risk of surface water contamination from agrochemical pollution resulting from an increased use of pesticides in the future; and soil erosion associated with existing practices of agricultural production. Mitigation measures include: preparation of site-specific environmental management plan; appropriate disposal; training in improved water and saline soil management practices; training in improved pest/ pesticide management practices; training in water and soil management practices; and awareness raising campaign training in climate adaptation measures.
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Bangladesh, with two-thirds of its land area less than five meters above sea level, is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in the world.
... See More + Low-lying coastal districts along the Bay of Bengal are particularly vulnerable to sea level rise, tidal flooding, storm surges, and climate-induced increases in soil and water salinity. This paper investigates the impact of drinking water salinity on infant mortality in coastal Bangladesh. It focuses on the salinity of drinking water consumed during pregnancy, which extensive medical research has linked to maternal hypertension, preeclampsia, and post-partum morbidity and mortality. The study combines spatially-formatted salinity measures for 2001-09 provided by Bangladesh with individual and household survey information from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys for 2004 and 2007. It uses probit and logit analyses to estimate mortality probability for infants less than two months old. Controlling for many other determinants of infant mortality, the analysis finds high significance for salinity exposure during the last month of pregnancy and no significance for exposure during the preceding months. The estimated impact of salinity on infant mortality is comparable in magnitude to the estimated effects of traditionally-cited variables such as maternal age and education, gender of the household head, household wealth, toilet facilities, drinking water sources, and cooking fuels.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS7200 FEB 01, 2015
The development objectives of the Phase two of the Syr Darya Control and Northern Aral Sea Project for Kazakhstan are to improve flood management capacity and improve water provision for developing aquaculture and other socioeconomic activities in the project areas along the lower Syr Darya.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: the lost irrigated lands are compensated by the identical agricultural lands, i.e identical soil fertility level and productivity. Compensation is meant to give the owners an opportunity to restore the pre-project level of livelihood. These procedures are related both to the legislation of RK and procedures of World bank; affected persons are entitled to be compensated at full replacement cost for their lost assets, incomes and businesses, including temporary losses or impacts, without adjustments for depreciation; compensation should enable affected persons to restore at least their pre-project incomes and standard of living by the end of the project; special attention should be given to households headed by women and other vulnerable persons and appropriate assistance provided to assure that their living standards are maintained or improved; land acquisition and resettlement are executed as part of the project and fully funded; and compensation will be fully provided before land can be entered for civil works or demolition.
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The development objective of the Smallholder Agricultural Productivity Enhancement Project (SAPEP) for Yemen, Republic of is to increase the adoption and use of productivity-enhancing crop and livestock practices by smallholders in targeted project areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: use dust control measures onsite, such as water spraying for dust suppression; regulate site access; cover lorries transporting friable construction materials and spoil; prohibit open air burning; maintain machinery and vehicles in good working conditions to minimize emissions; and provide adequate protective wear for workers; minimizing entrance of heavy machines to reduce vibration impact. For handling and occupational health, applying strict hygiene regulation and occupational health measurements is critical and a separate EMP could be required to parts of operational stages for handling, washing, classification, freezing, backing up to loading and distribution to consumption; use of bio-treatment to prevent land disposal; and septic tanks for excess treated wastewater should be lined.
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The objective of the Guilin Integrated Environment Management Project in China is to improve water and sanitation services in Guilin. The project is made of five components and are as follows: (1) Water Supply.
... See More + Investments under this component will improve the water supply system to fully meet current and projected future demand of domestic consumers, commercial and industrial enterprises, an expanding airport, and two expanding universities. The component will involve: (a) installation of a trunk water main and associated distribution and reticulation pipelines; (b) construction of a booster pumping station; and, (c) provision of monitoring and inspection equipment in the network to improve compliance with the new drinking water quality standard; and (d) development and installation of a decision support system for improved operational efficiency. (2) Wastewater Management. This component focuses on maintaining the water quality of Lijiang River by improving the collection and treatment capacity of Guilins Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) by: (a) replacing aged equipment at selected pumping stations and the installation of additional odor control; (b) expanding, replacing or rehabilitating sewer networks and provision of necessary; (c) upgrading four WWTPs to improve the quality of effluent discharges, and associated odor control and disinfection equipment; (d) upgrading sludge dewatering equipment at three WWTPs and installing associated ventilation and odor control facilities at all five WWTPs, and (e) provision of monitoring and sewer maintenance equipment. (3) Sludge Management. This component aims to enhance sludge management thus preventing environmental pollution from inappropriate sludge disposal by: (a) constructing a sludge management center and associated ventilation and odor control facilities; and (b) procurement of sludge hauling trucks and sewer maintenance trucks. (4) Water Quality Monitoring and Pollution Management. This component involves: (a) strengthening of the water quality monitoring system to enable real-time data collection and processing; (b) development of a pollution management system for effective monitoring and management river water quality; and (c) piloting of a pollution source analysis for urban stretches of the Lijiang River. (5) Project Management and Supervision. This component involves the provision of Technical Assistance (TA) and training for project management and supervision. The component will fund: (a) project management, including monitoring and evaluation (M&E); (b) consultancy services for engineering design review and least-cost review of sludge options, and supervision of the implementation of environmental assessments, and resettlement action plans; (c) incremental operating support for PMO operation during implementation; and (d) training and study tours.
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The development objectives of the Phase two of the Syr Darya Control and Northern Aral Sea Project for Kazakhstan are to improve flood management capacity and improve water provision for developing aquaculture and other socioeconomic activities in the project areas along the lower Syr Darya.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) minimizing non- regulated field motor roads and preventing fracturing of sor solonchaks surface; (2) cutting and stockpiling of top fertile soil layers, especially alluvial soils with their subsequent placing back at disturbed areas, regulation of transport and machinery traffic, especially on soils with light mechanical content; (3) prohibiting car and other machinery washing in natural water bodies and rivers; (4) prohibiting chaotic traffic, minimizing section of soil cutting and excavation, restriction of light and noise impacts; and (5) minimizing soil cover' disturbance contamination.
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Significant investments are needed in the water and sanitation sector. Inadequate water supply and sanitation undermines Indonesia’s status as a middle-income country, weakens the competitiveness of its cities, and seriously affects the life of ordinary people.
... See More + Improving sanitation services alone can prevent economic losses of more than US$6.3 billion per year. Water-related success stories typically feature local governments that have undertaken reforms, made politically unpopular decisions, invested in PDAM equity, and required performance improvements in return for their support.
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The development objective of the Smallholder Agricultural Productivity Enhancement Project (SAPEP) for Yemen, Republic of is to increase the adoption and use of productivity-enhancing crop and livestock practices by smallholders in targeted project areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: use dust control measures onsite, such as water spraying for dust suppression; regulate site access; cover lorries transporting friable construction materials and spoil; prohibit open air burning; maintain machinery and vehicles in good working conditions to minimize emissions; and provide adequate protective wear for workers; minimizing entrance of heavy machines to reduce vibration impact. For handling and occupational health, applying strict hygiene regulation and occupational health measurements is critical and a separate EMP could be required to parts of operational stages for handling, washing, classification, freezing, backing up to loading and distribution to consumption; use of bio-treatment to prevent land disposal; and septic tanks for excess treated wastewater should be lined.
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The development objective of the Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Improvement Project for India is to improve rural water supply and sanitation services and service delivery arrangements in Punjab.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) making alternative power supply arrangements for restoring regular water supply; (2) ensuring that project management unit establish good rapport with the Government of India and state district water sanitation committees (DWSCs) for timely release of funds and sanctioning of contracts respectively; (3) holding multiple rounds of stakeholder consultations prior to conceptualizing and during preparation of the project; (4) reinforcing women education and empowerment programs; (5) motivating community for taking part in water and sanitation management for sustainability of service delivery so that financial viability of the schemes is not affected; and (6) hiring of professional agencies for developing and implementing communication strategy for sanitation, hygiene, and conjunctive use of water.
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The development objective of the Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Improvement Project for India is to improve rural water supply and sanitation services and service delivery arrangements in Punjab.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) making alternative power supply arrangements for restoring regular water supply; (2) ensuring that project management unit establish good rapport with the Government of India and state district water sanitation committees (DWSCs) for timely release of funds and sanctioning of contracts respectively; (3) holding multiple rounds of stakeholder consultations prior to conceptualizing and during preparation of the project; (4) reinforcing women education and empowerment programs; (5) motivating community for taking part in water and sanitation management for sustainability of service delivery so that financial viability of the schemes is not affected; and (6) hiring of professional agencies for developing and implementing communication strategy for sanitation, hygiene, and conjunctive use of water.
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The Water Partnership Program (WPP) remains a strategic instrument for the World Bank to bring together the best knowledge, research, and proven approaches to enable countries to catapult towards water security.
... See More + A longstanding partnership among the World Bank and the governments of the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Austria, the WPP supports the Banks poverty reduction efforts by mainstreaming climate-resilient growth and pragmatic approaches in Water Resources Management and Water Supply and Sanitation in World Bank projects and analytical work. The second phase of the program commenced in July of 2012. Designed with an expanded scope and duration, Phase II is more targeted to specific water challenges and more results-oriented, to help countries tackle poverty through climate-resilient green growth. It is targeting interventions where resources can make the most impact. This includes aiming at countries that lack capacity and financial resources; sectors that have the most to lose if they dont take water seriously; and new technological areas to fill existing global knowledge gaps.
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Ratings for the Urban Water Sector Project for Afghanistan were as follows: outcomes were moderately satisfactory, risk to development outcome was high, Bank performance was moderately unsatisfactory, and Borrower performance was moderately satisfactory.
... See More + Some lessons learned included: the Bank is well placed to support a reform agenda if it is willing to sustain support over the long term. Implementation though government agencies, even if weak, facilitate institutional development by putting clients in the driver's seat and promotes learning by doing. Fragile and conflict states present a unique context that must be well understood and factored into project design. Donor financing in the form of co-financing of Bank operations, or independent financing of standalone projects should take precedence over parallel financing of interdependent project components. The objectives of an International Development Association (IDA) supported project should be achievable independently of donor activities, where the government often has little or no control on the content, sequencing, or quality of activities.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR3050 DEC 23, 2014