Natural disasters have increasingly damaged water supply and sanitation (WSS) facilities and infrastructure, leaving entire communities without safe and reliable drinking water and the appropriate disposal of wastewater.
... See More + These emergency events could arise from inundation of facilities, loss of electricity, and exposure and disruption of infrastructures. Less severe impacts can arise from increased siltation of reservoirs and slow-onset events such as droughts, thus having longer-term effects on the resilience and reliability of services. These WSS service failures or interruptions could set off a cascading effect across interconnected infrastructure systems including public health and fire services, which in turn could pose both direct and indirect economic impacts. Japan has built the resilience of its WSS services through an adaptive management approach based on lessons learned from past natural disasters. This experience offers key insights for low- and middle-income countries seeking to sustain and build resilience of WSS services.
See Less -
The development objective of the Second Integrated Sanitation and Sewerage Infrastructure Project (ISSIP II) for Egypt is to provide targeted populations in the Governorates of Sharkia with increased access to improved sanitation and sewerage services.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts include: (i) air quality impacts; (ii) ambient noise impact; (iii) soil and groundwater quality imapcts; (iv) risks of uncontrolled disposal of non-hazardous solid wastes generated during construction; (v) risks of improper disposal of liquid wastes generated during construction; (vi) impacts related to Archaeology and cultural heritage; (vii) disturbance of traffic and access difficulty; and (viii) occupational health and Safety impacts. Some of the mitigation measures include: (i) implement preventive maintenance program for vehicles and equipment working on site and promptly repair vehicles with visible exhaust fume; (ii) training on how and when to use protective hearing equipment shall be conducted as part of the workers’ induction sessions; (iii) design and construct an impermeable protective base layer underlying areas with potential hazardous liquids storage or use; (iv) dispose of non-recycled wastes in the nearest landfill and the location of which needs to be confirmed at the beginning of the construction phase; (v) prior estimation of dewatered liquid volume during the digging works; (vi) Prior to construction works the project's construction plan should be presented to the Supreme Council for Antiquities, who shall identify project locations that require providing protection against possible damage to near antiquities; (vii) alternate access routes should be identified and communicated with the residents before starting or during construction; and (viii) workers should be trained to identify and evaluate fall hazards and be fully aware of how to control exposure to such risks as well as know how to use fall protection equipment properly.
See Less -
The development objective of the Second Integrated Sanitation and Sewerage Infrastructure Project (ISSIP II) for Egypt is to provide targeted populations in the Governorates of Sharkia with increased access to improved sanitation and sewerage services.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts include: (i) air quality impacts; (ii) ambient noise impact; (iii) soil and groundwater quality imapcts; (iv) risks of uncontrolled disposal of non-hazardous solid wastes generated during construction; (v) risks of improper disposal of liquid wastes generated during construction; (vi) impacts related to Archaeology and cultural heritage; (vii) disturbance of traffic and access difficulty; and (viii) occupational health and Safety impacts. Some of the mitigation measures include: (i) implement preventive maintenance program for vehicles and equipment working on site and promptly repair vehicles with visible exhaust fume; (ii) training on how and when to use protective hearing equipment shall be conducted as part of the workers’ induction sessions; (iii) design and construct an impermeable protective base layer underlying areas with potential hazardous liquids storage or use; (iv) dispose of non-recycled wastes in the nearest landfill and the location of which needs to be confirmed at the beginning of the construction phase; (v) prior estimation of dewatered liquid volume during the digging works; (vi) Prior to construction works the project's construction plan should be presented to the Supreme Council for Antiquities, who shall identify project locations that require providing protection against possible damage to near antiquities; (vii) alternate access routes should be identified and communicated with the residents before starting or during construction; and (viii) workers should be trained to identify and evaluate fall hazards and be fully aware of how to control exposure to such risks as well as know how to use fall protection equipment properly.
See Less -
Poor water supply and sanitation (WSS) service provision at the municipal level led to the concentration of authority under the National Water and Sewerage Service (Servicio Autónomo Nacional de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, SANAA) in the mid-1900s.
... See More + Fifty years hence, the pendulum swung back to the decentralization of WSS services after the difficulties encountered by a single public entity in developing and managing the WSS operations of an entire country. Decentralization of public services aims to improve service quality by vesting decision making power in local authorities with a better understanding of local realities, and who are more accountable for their performance to voters. This culminated in the passage of 2003 Water and Sanitation Framework Law, which decentralizes WSS service provision in Honduras. The law delegates WSS service provision authority to municipalities, who in turn establish the service provision model to use within their jurisdiction. As of mid-2016, 13 WSS systems have yet to be transferred to municipalities on account of lingering questions about employee salaries and local capacities; these concerns are particularly pronounced in the nine small towns that have not yet received transfer. At the same time, Honduras is urbanizing and small towns are growing, especially along the GoH’s identified Development Corridors. The government recognized that establishing sound institutional models while small towns are still small will help avoid problems of unplanned urban growth that bedevil large cities in Honduras and across Latin America. The TA set out to achieve four objectives: (i) inform development financing to improve WSS service in small towns; (ii) inform government policy and strategy through the national sector policy instruments; (iii) strengthen capacity of small town WSS service providers; and (iv) deepen and disseminate knowledge around WSS service provision in small towns.
See Less -
Development Objectives of the Supervision and Technical Assistance for Sanitation Sector Project of Panama are to (i) improve access to sanitation services, (ii) reduce environmental pollution from wastewater generated in targeted areas of Panama Oeste, and (iii) to strengthen wastewater pollution management capacity in Panama.
... See More + Although the project will have positive impacts for the public health and environmental sustainability of the area, mainly through the elimination of latrines and septic tanks which pollute both surface and ground waters, yet it was preliminarily classified as an Environmental Category B, mainly because (i) during the construction phase, negative environmental impacts of the Project will correspond to civil works that can be adequately managed by environmental management plans, and (ii) during the operation phase of the system, negative environmental impacts that may arise from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) effluent and its impacts on the quality of the receiving water body can be controlled by choosing an appropriate wastewater treatment technology.
See Less -
Indigenous peoples in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) are 10 to 25 percent less likely to have access to piped water and 26 percent less likely to have access to improved sanitation solutions than the region’s non-indigenous population.
... See More + Historically, Indigenous peoples have been marginalized from the development process in their own countries and still suffer discrimination from the mainstream societies today. Oftentimes, Indigenous territories are overlooked or avoided by Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) project planners and proponents given their lack of understanding of how to engage or carry out projects in collective or semi-autonomous Indigenous territories, the remoteness of these areas, and the high associated per capita cost of a potential operation, among other reasons. The significant gap in Indigenous peoples’ access to WSS services, a basic human right that is closely linked to economic and social wellbeing, alongside the lack of established tools in the sector to guide engagement in Indigenous territories, motivated the creation of this Toolkit. The objective of the Toolkit is to provide practical guidance and operational tools to improve the inclusion of, engagement with, and delivery of sustainable WSS services to Indigenous peoples in LAC in order to permanently close the WSS service gap. The Toolkit summarizes the findings of interviews, consultations, and field visits carried out by a multi-sector, multi-national World Bank Team in 37 Indigenous communities located in urban, peri-urban and rural areas in seven LAC countries where the World Bank or other development actors had implemented WSS projects with Indigenous peoples.
See Less -
The objectives of the Sustainable Rural and Small Towns Water and Sanitation Project of Haiti are to: 1) Strengthen the capacity of DINEPA at central and decentralized levels in the areas of social engineering, planning, implementation, monitoring and coordination of activities; 2) Increase sustainable access to water and sanitation services in the regions most affected by cholera.
... See More + Given the anticipated WSS works, it is unlikely that project interventions will require physical relocation of beneficiaries, but land acquisition may be required. The objectives of the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) are to eliminate, minimize or compensate for any direct negative impact that this project may have on people in their places of residence, property and assets, economic activities and access to resources. In the event that these impacts cannot be avoided or minimized, its objective is to provide fair compensation for any person, household and / or commercial activity affected by project actions, in accordance with Haitian law and the World Bank. In order to ensure that people are not negatively affected by the impacts of the Project and guarantee the protection of potentially vulnerable people, the Project will carry out a screening process to ensure that all these donations are effectively voluntary, and not resulting of communal pressure.
See Less -
The Shanghai Urban Environment Project for China is intended to provide a sustainable environmental setting for the long term economic and social development in the Municipality of Shanghai while supporting the provision of urban infrastructure.
... See More + The project environmental negative impacts follow: soil, waste water, pollution, air quality noise, dust, and traffic. Mitigation measures include: (i) covering temporary soil stock piles; (ii) minimizing active excavation area during pipe trenches; and (iii) installation of sediment fences where appropriate to minimize sediment runoff. Disturbed surfaces, such as re-compacted pipelines trenches, will be re-vegetated to minimize erosion. Soil contamination may be cased by inappropriate storage and disposal of hazardous construction materials. Especially for wastewater component Bailonggang Southern Collector Extension Project will spread across 17 local rivers, of which the Pudong Channel and Cuanyang River have a navigation function, other rivers perform a flood protection function. During project construction, advanced technology - pipe jacking technology will be used, with no impact to the rivers function. Water will be sprayed transportation routes and material handing sites where dust is being generated. Particular attention will be paid to dust suppression adjacent to sensitive receptors such as schools or residential areas. Material will be stored in appropriate places and covered sprayed to minimize dust. Material will be covered during transportation to avoid spillage or dust generation. Air pollution may be caused by emissions from vehicles and construction machinery. Vehicles and construction machinery will be properly maintained and will comply with emission standards. Construction materials and waste will be stored in secure, covered areas with secondary containment. All waste will be removed from sites to approved waste disposal sites. There will be no on-site landfills at any of the construction sites. Construction waste will be promptly removed from the sites, and the burning of waste will be prohibited.
See Less -
The Shanghai Urban Environment Project for China is intended to provide a sustainable environmental setting for the long term economic and social development in the Municipality of Shanghai while supporting the provision of urban infrastructure.
... See More + The project environmental negative impacts follow: soil, waste water, pollution, air quality noise, dust, and traffic. Mitigation measures include: (i) covering temporary soil stock piles; (ii) minimizing active excavation area during pipe trenches; and (iii) installation of sediment fences where appropriate to minimize sediment runoff. Disturbed surfaces, such as re-compacted pipelines trenches, will be re-vegetated to minimize erosion. Soil contamination may be cased by inappropriate storage and disposal of hazardous construction materials. Especially for wastewater component Bailonggang Southern Collector Extension Project will spread across 17 local rivers, of which the Pudong Channel and Cuanyang River have a navigation function, other rivers perform a flood protection function. During project construction, advanced technology - pipe jacking technology will be used, with no impact to the rivers function. Water will be sprayed transportation routes and material handing sites where dust is being generated. Particular attention will be paid to dust suppression adjacent to sensitive receptors such as schools or residential areas. Material will be stored in appropriate places and covered sprayed to minimize dust. Material will be covered during transportation to avoid spillage or dust generation. Air pollution may be caused by emissions from vehicles and construction machinery. Vehicles and construction machinery will be properly maintained and will comply with emission standards. Construction materials and waste will be stored in secure, covered areas with secondary containment. All waste will be removed from sites to approved waste disposal sites. There will be no on-site landfills at any of the construction sites. Construction waste will be promptly removed from the sites, and the burning of waste will be prohibited.
See Less -
The development objective of the Punjab Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Improvement Project for India is to improve rural water supply and sanitation services and service delivery arrangements in Punjab.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) making alternative power supply arrangements for restoring regular water supply; (2) ensuring that project management unit establish good rapport with the Government of India and state district water sanitation committees (DWSCs) for timely release of funds and sanctioning of contracts respectively; (3) holding multiple rounds of stakeholder consultations prior to conceptualizing and during preparation of the project; (4) reinforcing women education and empowerment programs; (5) motivating community for taking part in water and sanitation management for sustainability of service delivery so that financial viability of the schemes is not affected; and (6) hiring of professional agencies for developing and implementing communication strategy for sanitation, hygiene, and conjunctive use of water.
See Less -
The Water Sector Institutional Development Project (WSDIP) will contribute to the Government of Angola (GOA) Millennium Development Goals to provide adequate access to water for 67 percent and 70 percent of the urban and rural population respectively.
... See More + The main objective of the government's poverty reduction strategy is to halve the percentage of the people living on less than a dollar per day by 2015. The WSIDP will focus on capacity-building and support for institutional development at the national and provincial levels although some funding is provided for the construction and rehabilitation of small scale works associated with the water sector. The project will finance the following four components: (a) development of the institutions in the water sector; (b) water resources management; (c) rehabilitation of water supply systems; and (d) capacity building and change management. The negative project environmental impacts are the following: pollution from incorrect storage may cause soil contamination, corrosion of building elements due to incorrect storage, health risks and negative aesthetic impacts, risks of spills, and pollution from improper disposal of chemical containers. The project mitigation measures include: training for workers in proper storage of containers; establishment of guidelines for chemicals storage and awareness of people related to the area; provide protection equipment to the workers: masks, gloves and boots; training for workers in proper handling of chemicals; and training for workers in proper disposal of empty containers.
See Less -
The Water Sector Institutional Development Project (WSDIP) will contribute to the Government of Angola (GOA) Millennium Development Goals to provide adequate access to water for 67 percent and 70 percent of the urban and rural population respectively.
... See More + The main objective of the government's poverty reduction strategy is to halve the percentage of the people living on less than a dollar per day by 2015. The WSIDP will focus on capacity-building and support for institutional development at the national and provincial levels although some funding is provided for the construction and rehabilitation of small scale works associated with the water sector. The project will finance the following four components: (a) development of the institutions in the water sector; (b) water resources management; (c) rehabilitation of water supply systems; and (d) capacity building and change management. The negative project environmental impacts are the following: pollution from incorrect storage may cause soil contamination, corrosion of building elements due to incorrect storage, health risks and negative aesthetic impacts, risks of spills, and pollution from improper disposal of chemical containers. The project mitigation measures include: training for workers in proper storage of containers; establishment of guidelines for chemicals storage and awareness of people related to the area; provide protection equipment to the workers: masks, gloves and boots; training for workers in proper handling of chemicals; and training for workers in proper disposal of empty containers.
See Less -
