This issue of Indonesia daily economic update for April 04, 2018 contains economic highlights, including: creative economy agency estimated that the creative industry contributed IDR 922 trillion in 2016 and more than IDR 1,000 trillion in 2017 to the GDP.
... See More + It also estimated that 16.9 million workers (around 20 percent from the total workers) are employed in the creative industry; Bank Indonesia has confirmed that it will issue a new regulation on quick response (QR) codes due to the method’s growing use among payment service providers; and coal mining companies have reported potentially significant decreases in revenue, following the implementation of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No. 30/2018 on coal domestic market obligation since March 12.
See Less -
The World Bank officially opened for business on June 25, 1946. As with many new organizations there were initial difficulties. The first President, Eugene Meyer, resigned abruptly in December 1946, without a clear successor.
... See More + The Bank’s Vice President, Harold Smith, died suddenly on January 23, 1947. Although a few applications had been received, the Bank had thus far made no loans. However, the election on February 23, 1947, or John J. McCloy as the Bank’s second President marked the start of true operations in the World Bank. The Bank was soon embarked on the preparation and execution of an important series of reconstruction loans to countries of Western Europe, the first of which was to France. This exhibit was first published in March 2002, and highlights Bank's first loan application, appraisal, negotiation, signing the loan processes, and the outcome.
See Less -
The Bank lent Yugoslavia an amount in various currencies equivalent to $28 million in October 1951 [Loan 00510]. The loan provided foreign exchange needed to complete projects in the fields of electric power, coal mining, non-ferrous metals development, industry, forest products utilization, agriculture and fisheries, and transportation.
... See More + Rene Brion, a World Bank Staff Member from the Treasurer’s Department, describes some of the local color during a mission to Yugoslavia during late 1951 and early 1952, and reflects on the history of Sarajevo. This article originally appeared in the May 1952 issue of 'International Bank Notes.'
See Less -
When delegates from Poland signed the Articles of Agreement on June 27th 1986, Poland officially became the 150th member country of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
... See More + A milestone for both the Bank and Poland, this act opened new lines of communication and aid between the two parties. Yet the act had a ring of familiarity to it. Over 50 years before, on January 10th 1946, Poland became the 31st member country of the World Bank. The two loans which Poland applied for were not realized; the Polish government and the Bank were unable to agree upon terms and the negotiations were abandoned in early 1948. On March 14th, 1950 Poland became the first country to withdraw its membership. Thirty-one years later, on November 10th 1981, a Polish delegation met with President Clausen to present a letter of application for entry into the Bank. Poland's final application for membership was submitted in February of 1985. In anticipation of Polish re-entry, the Bank began to analyze the requirements for the revitalization of these sectors. With the application for membership and recovery plans in motion, the rest of the process went smoothly and Poland became a member of the Bank once more. This exhibit was originally published in May 2011.
See Less -
The discipline of law and economics deals with wide-ranging topics, from competition and environmental policy to crime control, and has been instrumental in determining how an economy performs.
... See More + Yet its success has fallen short of its potential. The discipline’s shortcomings are nowhere as visible as in developing economies, where a common refrain is how the law looks good on paper but does not get implemented. This paper articulates a methodological flaw that underlies much of contemporary law and economics, and argues that there is an intimate connection between human beliefs and expectations, on the one hand, and the effectiveness of the law, on the other. I propose a new approach to law and economics that is rooted in game theory and rectifies the flaw. It is argued that this approach can open up new areas of research and be marshalled to address some of the more pressing policy challenges of our time.
See Less -
Policy Research Working Paper WPS7259 MAY 07, 2015
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia) has accomplished a great deal since the 1995 Dayton Peace Accords helped bring an end to the worst bloodshed on European soil since Second World War Most importantly, Bosnian citizens and authorities have restored peace.
... See More + Bosnia is a European Union potential candidate country and is moving, though fitfully, toward alignment with European Union requirements. The authorities have also established a solid record of economic management. Between 1998 and 2008, per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) nearly quadrupled, and poverty dropped from nearly 20 percent to about 14 percent. Perhaps most impressive, a decade and a half after the end of fighting, Bosnias citizens have managed these achievements within a decentralized and highly complex political and institutional structure. Critical development challenges remain. The country is embarking on a new growth model dependent on exports in a period of slow growth and escalating financial volatility in Europe, while at the same time its neighbors are undertaking similar strategies. Bosnia has to become more competitive. This will require upgrading in physical infrastructure, business environment, and human capital. It will also require greater coherence in the countrys decentralized administrative system. In addition, Bosnia is rich in natural resources, but these need to be used sustainably. As throughout South East Europe, climate change threatens not only Bosnias natural beauty but key sources of growth, such as agriculture, forestry, and hydropower. Between 1996 and 2007, the World Banks International Development Association has invested about one billion dollars in Bosnia and Herzegovina to improve infrastructure, support economic development, and deepen structural reforms. The government plans to partner with private investors and operators to meet its growing infrastructure requirement. Within this context, PPIAF has provided support to strengthen the understanding of government officials regarding important issues in planning, developing, and implementing public-private partnership (PPP) projects, by funding four activities in the country (a fifth activity was approved but eventually cancelled).
See Less -
The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP).
... See More + When one or more members of the World Bank Group are involved in a project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and standards. These industry sector EHS guidelines are designed to be used together with the general EHS guidelines document, which provides guidance to users on common EHS issues potentially applicable to all industry sectors. For complex projects, use of multiple industry-sector guidelines may be necessary. The EHS guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The applicability of specific technical recommendations should be based on the professional opinion of qualified and experienced persons. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in these EHS guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site-specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment.
See Less -
The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP).
... See More + When one or more members of the World Bank Group are involved in a project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and standards. These industry sector EHS guidelines are designed to be used together with the general EHS guidelines document, which provides guidance to users on common EHS issues potentially applicable to all industry sectors. For complex projects, use of multiple industry-sector guidelines may be necessary. The EHS guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The applicability of specific technical recommendations should be based on the professional opinion of qualified and experienced persons. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in these EHS guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site-specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment.
See Less -
The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP).
... See More + When one or more members of the World Bank Group are involved in a project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and standards. These industry sector EHS guidelines are designed to be used together with the general EHS guidelines document, which provides guidance to users on common EHS issues potentially applicable to all industry sectors. For complex projects, use of multiple industry-sector guidelines may be necessary. The EHS guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The applicability of specific technical recommendations should be based on the professional opinion of qualified and experienced persons. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in these EHS guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site-specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment.
See Less -
The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP).
... See More + When one or more members of the World Bank Group are involved in a project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and standards. These industry sector EHS guidelines are designed to be used together with the general EHS guidelines document, which provides guidance to users on common EHS issues potentially applicable to all industry sectors. For complex projects, use of multiple industry-sector guidelines may be necessary. The EHS guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The applicability of specific technical recommendations should be based on the professional opinion of qualified and experienced persons. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in these EHS guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site-specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment.
See Less -
The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP).
... See More + When one or more members of the World Bank Group are involved in a project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and standards. These industry sector EHS guidelines are designed to be used together with the general EHS guidelines document, which provides guidance to users on common EHS issues potentially applicable to all industry sectors. For complex projects, use of multiple industry-sector guidelines may be necessary. The EHS guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The applicability of specific technical recommendations should be based on the professional opinion of qualified and experienced persons. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in these EHS guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site-specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment.
See Less -
The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP).
... See More + When one or more members of the World Bank Group are involved in a project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and standards. The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The applicability of the EHS Guidelines should be tailored to the hazards and risks established for each project on the basis of the results of an environmental assessment in which site-specific variables, such as host country context, assimilative capacity of the environment, and other project factors, are taken into account. The applicability of specific technical recommendations should be based on the professional opinion of qualified and experienced persons. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in these EHS Guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment.
See Less -
The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP).
... See More + When one or more members of the World Bank Group are involved in a project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and standards. The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The applicability of the EHS Guidelines should be tailored to the hazards and risks established for each project on the basis of the results of an environmental assessment in which site-specific variables, such as host country context, assimilative capacity of the environment, and other project factors, are taken into account. The applicability of specific technical recommendations should be based on the professional opinion of qualified and experienced persons. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in these EHS Guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment.
See Less -
The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP).
... See More + When one or more members of the World Bank Group are involved in a project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and standards. The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The applicability of the EHS Guidelines should be tailored to the hazards and risks established for each project on the basis of the results of an environmental assessment in which site-specific variables, such as host country context, assimilative capacity of the environment, and other project factors, are taken into account. The applicability of specific technical recommendations should be based on the professional opinion of qualified and experienced persons. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in these EHS Guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment.
See Less -
Vietnam has achieved impressive growth, averaging 8.5 percent per year from 1990-1997. During that time, economic growth in the northeastern provinces of Quang Ning and Hai Phong was as high as 13.8 percent and 11.4 percent per year.
... See More + This paper includes the following headings: executive summary; introduction -- the changing context as a challenge and an opportunity; part one -- four pillars for comprehensive development; and part two -- options for action and the role of the international community.
See Less -
One-company towns, characterized by the presence of a large employer in a local labor market, are a frequent legacy of state-led development strategies.
... See More + How will downsizing or closing unprofitable state-owned enterprises affect these towns? This article develops a simple model combining monopsony power in the labor market with a Keynesian closure of the product market and uses it to interpret the findings of previous studies. The article evaluates the impact of the company's employment level on the town's labor earnings in Kazakhstan, where one-company towns are still prevalent. The evaluation is based on data from the 1996 living standards measurement survey. The results show that labor earnings in the town decrease roughly 1.5 percent when the share of its population working for the company decreases 1 percent. The results are robust to changes in the definition of labor earnings and to the inclusion of a variety of other community characteristics in the analysis. These results and the theoretical model are combined to evaluate the welfare impact of company downsizing and, consequently, to derive the optimal extent of labor retrenchment.
See Less -
This performance audit report rates the Coal Mining and Quality Improvement Project in India. It was prepared by the Operations Evaluation Department (OED) following a mission visit to India in January 1998, and is based in part on the Implementation Completion Report (ICR) issued by the South Asia Region on April 23, 1997.
... See More + The OED audit rates the overall project outcome as satisfactory (as did the ICR), the sustainability as likely (as did the ICR), and the institutional development impact as negligible (the ICR rating was partial). The audit rates the Bank performance as unsatisfactory (the ICR rating was satisfactory). The Bank accepted, without critical analysis, the assurances of the Government of West Bengal that the land transfer and associated resettlement and compensation issues would be resolved shortly. During implementation, the Bank put too much emphasis on improving Coal India Limited's financial performance through price increases and paid insufficient attention to the implementation of coal quality improvement and cost reduction programs. The audit rates borrower performance as satisfactory (as did the ICR). The audit details three major lessons learned. First, borrowers need to establish participatory decision making by the project-affected persons. Second, the Bank should insist that land acquisition and compensation issues are fully and appropriately resolved before agreeing to participate in financing a project. Third, more attention needs to be paid to improving financial results by creating incentives for enterprises to improve their operating efficiency.
See Less -
Project Performance Assessment Report 18146 JUN 24, 1998
This report presents the statement to the press by James D. Wolfensohn the President of the World Bank. He puts forth the following points: while the Bank’s program for Russia had grown rapidly after membership in the World Bank Group, utilization of Bank loans was slower; country portfolio performance review (CPPR) established a program of actions has led to an improvement in the implementation of the Bank's assistance program for Russia; Bank’s lending to assist the government’s coal reform program; and International Finance Corporation’s (IFC's) support for the private sector and the expanded activities of economic development institute (EDI) for training the government's reform efforts.
... See More +See Less -
The Ukrainian coal industry is in deep crisis. Between 1990 and 1995, coal output (after washing) decreased by about 50 percent. The productivity of Ukrainian coal miners is low not only by international comparison, but even by historical Ukrainian standards.
... See More + Despite the high domestic coal prices, the coal industry is unable to cover its production costs due to high material, energy and labor costs. The purpose of this report is to outline a comprehensive reform program for the Ukrainian coal sector. In order to survive the current crisis, the coal industry should reduce its production costs and improve the quality of saleable coal. While striving to achieve these goals, the industry has to operate within strict financial and social constraints. The budgetary burden and the social costs of the adjustment should remain tolerable. The first chapter of this report provides an overview of past development policies in the coal sector, and briefly describes the environmental performance of the coal industry. The second chapter analyzes domestic demand and the export outlook for the coal industry. The third chapter describes the production and import of coal, including an analysis of production costs and the use of labor. The fourth chapter describes institutional and pricing arrangements, and outlines options for restructuring. The fifth chapter discusses the issues that will emerge during the restructuring process. Finally, the appendix contains an action plan that summarizes the most important recommendations.
See Less -
Pre-2003 Economic or Sector Report 15056 MAR 04, 1996
