The objective of the Scaling Renewable Energy Program (SREP) Investment Plan (IP) Project is to support the Government of Lesotho to prepare a renewable energy investment plan for consideration by the SREP for funding.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: conduct trade-off analysis of promising renewable energy projects considering advantages and disadvantages, and prioritize the projects based on at least four criteria agreed with the Government. The criteria may also include, but not be limited to, LECs, employment impacts, energy security, GHG reduction, finance ability, the technical and financial capacity of proponents, timetable for development etc.; and recommend workable business models and financing schemes for the identified priority projects, including discussion of the potential sources of funding, support if any, from the providers of funds and the technical and financial capacity of developers and operators of the project. As part of this activity, the consultant should review existing financial mechanisms used for renewable energy projects, and consider whether it is best to expand those same mechanisms to cover the new renewable energy technologies or set up new financial mechanisms.
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The objective of the Scaling-up Renewable Energy Program (SREP)-Supported Extended Biogas Project is to promote large off-grid biogas energy generation in Nepal.
... See More + The SREP-Supported Extended Biogas Project (the Project, US$ 7,900,000) consists of two main components aimed at promoting large off-grid biogas energy generation in Nepal. Component one - technical assistance (US$ 1,000,000) supports the identification, pre-feasibility studies, detailed feasibility studies, and post-construction third-party verification of sub-projects. Component two - financing of investments (US$ 6,900,000) provides for partial capital cost buy-down of biogas sub-projects through subsidy payments. The Alternative Energy Promotion Center (AEPC) is the implementing agency of the project. The main purpose of the restructuring is to respond to the request received from the Government of Nepal (GoN) on March 14, 2016, to expand the expenses eligibility criteria to allow Project funds to be used for the following activities: cover key AEPC contract staff/consultants of the project implementation unit (PIU) and specific external consultants as required for the project implementation; support capacity development of relevant stakeholders through specialized training, workshops, and visits abroad to gain exposure on foreign technologies; deploy technologies currently unavailable in Nepal in demonstration sub-projects; and support necessary technical studies, such as waste potential mapping study in commercial and municipal settings, and outreach promotion (regional workshops).
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Understanding the location and potential of renewable energy resources is a crucial pre-requisite to their utilization, and to scaling up clean and secure sources of electricity generation such as biomass, small hydropower, solar, and wind.
... See More + However many countries do not have high quality, publicly available data on renewable energy resource potential and this limits the potential for informed policy development, including zoning guidance, transmission network planning, and price regulation or incentives. It also narrows the field of potential commercial developers, and raises the cost of undertaking preliminary site identification and financial analyses. This report draws on many years of experience within the World Bank Group and among other development partners in carrying out renewable energy resource assessment and mapping at the country level, in particular from 12 projects funded by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) under a major global initiative launched in 2012. The report’s purpose is to explain, for a wide range of audiences, the importance of resource assessment and mapping, key steps and good practices, methodological issues, and potential sources for further advice and support.
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Pakistan is facing a large deficit in electricity supply. A report published by the Government of Pakistan (GoP) in 2013 showed that the electricity supply-demand gap has continuously grown over the past five years and has reached 4,500 to 5,500 Megawatt (MW) in 2013.
... See More + Such an enormous gap has led to load-shedding of 12-16 hours a day across the country. GoP has set a target to reduce the electricity supply-demand gap to zero by 2017. In order to attain such ambitious target, the GoP has been endeavoring to exploit various options to meet the current and future anticipated electricity needs of the country. In order to support the GoP, the World Bank (WB) has been providing assistance towards continued development of renewable power (RE) generation (hydro, biomass, solar and wind). Therefore, the energy sector meets electricity demand in an efficient, affordable and environmentally sustainable manner. Biomass resource mapping is one of component of the ongoing renewable energy resource mapping project in Pakistan. The objective of this biomass mapping component is to support the sustainable expansion of electricity generation from biomass. This is fulfilled by providing the national government and provincial authorities in Pakistan, and commercial project developers, with an improved understanding of the location and potential of biomass resources. This project is being implemented by the World Bank in Pakistan in close coordination with the Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB), a government agency of Pakistan. The project is funded by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), a global knowledge and technical assistance program administered by the WB and supported by eleven bilateral donors. It is part of a major ESMAP initiative in support of renewable energy resource mapping and geospatial planning across multiple countries.
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The objective of this paper is to provide high-level background information on the interdependency between the supply of electricity and water in Southern Africa.
... See More + The paper assimilates information based an extensive review of recent work on the energy and watersectors in the region and beyond, and the World Bank’s sector dialogue in the region. The paper is intended to help facilitate a dialogue on the energy-water nexus in the region, especially fromthe perspective of electricity sector planning, and help the World Bank engage key sectorstakeholders on the issue.The value of this paper is in bringing together the latest knowledge work and other key information relevant for energy-water nexus dialogue in Southern Africa. This information has been derived from a number of fragmented sources, and an effort has been made to present the information in a logical framework, in one document that can help initiate discussions in the region.This paper was conceptualized as a background discussion paper and does not seek to make any recommendations on policy alternatives to tackle challenges facing the region on energy-water nexus issues. Any recommendations should be rooted in a thorough assessment of the specificchallenges, institutions and objectives of the region; and most importantly should follow from aconstructive regional dialogue amongst key stakeholders.The issues and implications that surround the energy-water nexus are numerous. The use of electricity and water as critical inputs to economic activity, implies that there are many interlinkages that can be explored. To increase the usefulness of the information and the framework presented, this paper focuses on the perspective of electricity supply, and highlights nexus issues that are directly relevant to it. Important related nexus issues such as agriculture and its dependence on reliable water and electricity (the energy-water-food nexus) are not considered and are left for future work. Thus, in referring to the energy–water nexus, the paper considers issues on electricity and water sectors in relation to electricity supply and long-term planning around it, including the feedback loop to water. By highlighting key analytical work and drawing insights relevant to Southern Africa, this paper aims to support an informed regional dialogue on decision making about the energy–water nexus in the region.
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Ratings for the Guangdong Green Freight Demonstration Project for China were as follows: outcomes were satisfactory, risk to global environment outcome was low or negligible, Bank performance was moderately satisfactory, and Borrower performance was satisfactory.
... See More + Some lessons learned included: (i) the design of the Results Framework should ensure that data is available and the values are properly assessed and it should also be flexible and be able to adapt to changed circumstances; (ii) from the Secretary of Guangdong Communist Party of China (CPC) Committee to the Director General of Guangdong Department of Transport (DoT), the leadership of Guangdong placed a high priority on this project and spent much time coordinating among line departments and resolving any issues encountered during preparation and implementation. Such strong leadership, vision, and enthusiasm from senior management within Government was a key to the successful outcome of the project and should be a prerequisite for such demonstration projects; and (iii) the project included a strong public education and outreach component, including detailed information on energy efficiencies and cost savings, which were targeted at trucking companies and shippers in Guangdong, as well as major technology vendors.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR2510 JUN 22, 2016
The development objective of the Geothermal Development Project for Turkey is to scale up private sector investment in geothermal energy development in Turkey.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) storage of drilling fluids in a storage tank or sumps. If an earth based pond and sump is used for the storage, pond and sump should be lined with an impervious membrane; (2) disposal of drilling mud depending on chemical characteristics; (3) proper well casing and well casing material selection for groundwater aquifer section(s); (4) use appropriate construction methods and equipment to avoid noise; (5) safety planning and measures for uncontrolled gas releases; (6) design of slopes and retaining structures to minimize risk, provide appropriate drainage, soil stabilization, and vegetation cover; and (7) provision of adequate ventilation of occupied buildings to avoid accumulation of hydrogen sulfide gas.
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The development objective of the Geothermal Development Project for Turkey is to scale up private sector investment in geothermal energy development in Turkey.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) storage of drilling fluids in a storage tank or sumps. If an earth based pond and sump is used for the storage, pond and sump should be lined with an impervious membrane; (2) disposal of drilling mud depending on chemical characteristics; (3) proper well casing and well casing material selection for groundwater aquifer section(s); (4) use appropriate construction methods and equipment to avoid noise; (5) safety planning and measures for uncontrolled gas releases; (6) design of slopes and retaining structures to minimize risk, provide appropriate drainage, soil stabilization, and vegetation cover; and (7) provision of adequate ventilation of occupied buildings to avoid accumulation of hydrogen sulfide gas.
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Based on the World Bank’s own extensive global experience and drawing upon international expertise from leading specialists and practitioners, this report presents a comparative assessment of various approaches that have been applied around the world, with varying degrees of success, to mitigate resource risks and catalyze investments in developing the geothermal sector.
... See More + It provides a framework that can help decision makers identify suitable approaches that are commensurate with development goals, funding capacity, implementation capabilities, and other circumstances specific to the context in a given country. Geothermal presents an opportunity for many countries to diversify their power generation mix in a sustainable way since it is an environmentally friendly, clean energy source that can reliably produce baseload power on a 24 by 7 basis. Despite over 100 years of development and an estimated global potential of 70 - 80 gigawatts (GW), only about 15 percent of the known geothermal reserves are presently exploited and producing electricity. While there are many reasons, in various countries, for the slow pace of geothermal development, one widely recognized and unique obstacle that is applicable worldwide is the high resource risk during the early stages of the geothermal development process. As a result, it is difficult to mobilize the early-stage investments, especially through the private sector.
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The objective of the Promoting Biogas as Sustainable Clean Cooking Fuel for Rural Households Project is to reduce of GHG emissions from improved access to biogas energy as a clean cooking fuel in livestock-owning rural households in Kenya.
... See More + According to the latest CPS for Kenya (FY 2014-2018), the WBG will ramp up its already considerable support to public-private partnerships, especially in the energy, water, and transport sectors. Another high priority is to target support for the poor including focus on agriculture, a direct link with helping families in rural areas. The poor must also be protected from the impact of disasters and climate-related changes to their environments, as climate variability and hydro-climatic shocks (droughts and floods) impact disproportionately on the poor. The project, by providing cooking energy from manure, will enhance energy security at household level, while slurry from the bio-digesters can enhance agricultural productivity. The monetary savings from free biogas can buffer against food price shocks. The World Bank has been the Trustee of over 15 carbon funds since 2000. The Bank launched the Carbon Initiative for Development (Ci-Dev) in 2013 to promote energy access in IDA countries in Africa and Least Developed Countries in Asia using carbon finance as a catalyst for projects to meet their individual financing gaps and reach financial closure. The current low prices for CERs are not conducive for most project developers to consider CDM. Ci-Dev’s unique pricing approach is not reliant on the prevailing market price for carbon credits, but focuses on the overall level of carbon finance needed for an individual project to become implemented. In addition, a proposal for the development of a real-time biogas monitoring system is seeking separate Ci-Dev grant funds, which would allow for remote-monitoring of installed biodigesters to ensure they remain in full working order after installation.
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This brief examines redefining health through energy solutions. In the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) household air pollution from the incomplete combustion of solid fuels is the top health risk, costing some 3.5 percent of GDP in lost productivity.
... See More + To increase access to modern cooking and heating solutions in East Asia, the World Bank introduced a Clean Stove Initiative in 2012. Pilot projects were begun in China, Indonesia, and Mongolia, as well as Lao PDR. One of the first challenges was the need to bring all relevant ministries and stakeholders on board to help recognize the urgency of the problem and the magnitude of suffering that was occurring as a result of household air pollution. The other was to link the health situation with the need for a clean energy solution.
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This report addresses the need to increase market penetration of clean stoves with the end goal of reducing household air pollution and the associated disease burden as well as to reduce nonrenewable biomass fuel consumption.
... See More + The first step in this goal is identifying suitable cleaner cooking technologies for the Ugandan market. A second step is ensuring that the cleaner cooking technologies are adopted to materialize reductions in indoor air pollution and biomass fuel consumption. A third step is to find suitable models and marketing strategies to introduce these technologies into households. A final step is ensuring that these technologies are adopted in the long term or are replaced by cleaner technologies. The different intervention stove models presented important differences in fuel savings and willingness to pay (WTP). The WTP estimates are based on actual demand for stoves under the experiment conditions. The Becker-deGroot-Marschak method failed to capture accurate demand estimates and WTA estimates do not reflect the population’s purchase capacity. Hence, the actual purchase stoves’ using randomized prices was used to more accurately measure demand.
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Working Paper 100900 NOV 01, 2015
Lascurain, Javier; Jagoe,Kirstie Anne; van Tilborg, CarolineDisclosed