This report, and an accompanying report on thermal and electric energy efficiency, provide a summary of international best practice experience in the cement sector and focus on specific technical measures that can be implemented by cement plants to reduce their operating costs and improve their carbon footprints.
... See More + The reports provide a plethora of practical information from implemented projects and include detailed technical descriptions, estimates of capital, and operating costs, as well as case studies and references from locations where the measures have been implemented. A combination of general and in-depth information will make these reports a helpful read to both management and technical and operating personnel of cement plants as well as to a larger range of stakeholders.
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South Asia is highly prone to weather and water related disasters such as flooding, drought, thunderstorms and cyclones. The main objective of this Regional program for hydromet services and resilience is to strengthen institutions, facilitate knowledge exchange and enhance cooperation with respect to hydrometeorological risks and hydromet services between South Asian countries.
... See More + Specifically, activities carried out under this umbrella program aim to strengthen the capacity of participating countries and institutions to respond to weather and water related hazards and climate risks at the national and regional levels, by supporting improvements in monitoring, weather and flood forecasting, community based early warning systems and delivery of hydromet services to users and communities. The Program is embedded in the conceptual shift from management of water related disasters to management of risks and emphasizes strengthening both the supply and demand aspects of hydromet service delivery.
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This report is prepared within Phase 2 of the project Renewable Energy Resource Mapping for Malawi. This project focuses on solar resource mapping and measurement services as part of a technical assistance in the renewable energy development implemented by the World Bank in Malawi.
... See More + It is being undertaken in close coordination with the Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining (MoNREM) of Malawi, the World Bank’s primary country counterpart for this project, and Malawi Meteorological Services (MMS). This project is funded by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), administered by the World Bank and supported by bilateral donors. Thi delivery of site-specific data, site adaptation of solar model, data uncertainty and statistical summary. This report accompanies delivery of site-specific solar resource and meteorological data for three sites, where solar meteorological stations have been operated. As a result of high-quality operation of the meteorological sites and site adaptation of the Solargis model, reliable historical time series and TMY data is computed. The delivered time series and Typical Meteorological Year data is ready to use for bankable evaluation of solar energy projects report summarizes results of first twelve months of the measuring campaign at three solar meteorological stations installed in Malawi, as part of the World Bank’s ESMAP mission in Malawi.
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Ratings of Energy Efficiency Financing Second Project for China were as follows: outcomes were moderately unsatisfactory, risk to development outcome was substantial, Bank performance was moderately satisfactory, and Borrower performance was moderately unsatisfactory.
... See More + Some of the lessons learned included: (I) Participating Financial Intermediary's (PFI) continuing commitment and appropriate internal organization are essential factors in the success in Energy Efficiency (EE) lending; (ii) Technical Assistance (TA) and training can have a high payoff but not in the face of high staff turnover; (iii) Training in World Bank procedures is essential to effective implementation; (iv) A model that is successful for one type of PFI may require significant efforts and modification to replicate successfully with another type of PFI; (v) Where financing is permitted to be used for both EE and Renewable Energy (RE) projects, it is possible, and probably likely, for it to flow mostly toward one or the other; and (vi) The commitment of a commercial PFI to implement a credit line should be evaluated carefully at design.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR4116 JUN 28, 2017
Like many emerging markets, the Arab Republic of Egypt is keen to promote distributed solar, defined here as systems below 500 kilowatts, but has struggled to create conditions for growth in the sector.
... See More + The aim of this paper is to identify policy actions to unlock the distributed solar market for on-grid and off-grid applications, using Egypt as a case study. The paper calculates the rate of return on investment for different distributed solar applications, identifies nonfinancial barriers to scaling up distributed solar, and derives policy implications. For on-grid applications, the analysis finds that neither net metering nor the feed-in tariff makes distributed solar financially attractive, despite recent reductions in electricity subsidies and adjustments of feed-in tariff levels in October 2016. For off-grid applications, the profitability of distributed solar depends highly on the local price of diesel: distributed solar is viable only in areas where diesel is not available at the official (subsidized) price. In addition, several nonfinancial barriers limit the scalability of the distributed solar market. These findings indicate that the distributed solar market in Egypt will remain a niche market in the next few years without strengthened government support. First, for on-grid applications, the net metering scheme should be kept in place until a bankable feed-in tariff has been established. Second, for off-grid applications, the government should explore interventions to unlock opportunities in the agriculture and tourism sectors. Third, the government should strengthen private-sector activity in the sector, including by addressing nonfinancial barriers, such as transaction costs and gaps in the availability of data, and by building capacity among users, suppliers, and financial institutions.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8103 JUN 19, 2017
Ratings of Private Sector Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Project for Turkey were as follows: outcomes were satisfactory, risk to development outcome was low or negligible, Bank performance was moderately satisfactory, and Borrower performance was moderately satisfactory.
... See More + Some of the lessons learned included: (i) Policy and regulatory support is critical for the transformational impact and sustainability of credit lines; (ii) Credit lines to multiple Financial Intermediary (FIs) can benefit from leverage and support market transformation; (iii) Technical Assistance (TA) is required to support credit lines and to enable project participants to meet safeguards requirements; (iv) Specific guidance for Monitoring and Evaluation (M and E) is required to ensure consistency across FIs; (v) Industrial Energy Efficiency (EE) is a highly cost-effective way for climate change mitigation; and (vi) Adequate environmental and social regulations need to be in place for the promoted types of investments to avoid adverse impacts during scale-up, particularly if the types of investments are relatively new to the country.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR4069 JUN 19, 2017
The Palestinian Territories face significant energy security challenges, already severe in Gaza, but also emerging in the West Bank.The Palestinian Territories rely primarily on Israeli imports to meet its electricity needs.The only large scale generation capacity in the Palestinian Territories is the troubled Gaza Power Plant.The Palestinian electricity sector has undergone a number of institutional reforms, which still require further consolidation.Measures to improve energy efficiency can also make a valuable contribution to energy security going forward.
... See More + Palestine’s existing National Energy Efficiency Action Plan aims to make savings equivalent to one percentage point of energy consumption annually through to 2020, focusing primarily on reducing electricity consumption by improving the energy efficiency of residential buildings. A much more ambitious action plan is under consideration by the Palestinian Energy and National Resources Authority for 2020-2030, and aims to save 5 percent of the energy consumption anticipated during that period. The new strategy encompasses high impact energy efficient appliances (such as heaters, fridges and air conditioners), further tightening of efficiency standards for buildings, and smart grid infrastructure to allow consumers to participate in the energy market as demand response. Investments to improve energy efficiency are proven to be much more cost-effective than expanding power generation capacity.
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This report is prepared within Phase 1 of the project Renewable Energy Resource Mapping for the Republic of the Maldives. This part of the project focuses on solar resource mapping and measurement services as part of a technical assistance in the renewable energy development implemented by the World Bank in Maldives.
... See More + This report summarizes results of first 12 months of the measuring campaign by the project ESMAP at four solar meteorological stations, installed in Maldives as part of the World Bank’s ESMAP mission in Maldives. This report describes delivery of site-specific data, site adaptation of solar model, data uncertainty and statistical summary. This report accompanies delivery of site-specific solar resource and meteorological data for four sites, where solar meteorological stations have been operated. As a result of high-quality operation of the meteorological sits, and site adaptation the Solargis model, reliable historical time series and TMY data is computed. The delivered time series and Typical Meteorological Year data is ready for use for bankable evaluation of solar energy projects.
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The development objective of the Beijing Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Scale-Up Project for China is to scale up rooftop PV systems and Energy Efficiency (EE) investments in the public sector in Beijing.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are includes : (i) noise management should arrange construction time reasonably to avoid a large number of high noises at the same time; (ii) waste gas control should watering moderately and necessary to prevent dust and to avoid watering too much affected by the construction activities; (iii) separate collect, storage, remove and transport solid waste, e.g. construction waste, waste materials and packaging; (iv) block the light at the construction site of lighting or boundary in order to reduce the impact on the campus and surrounding residents; (v) strengthen publicity and education on traffic safety regulations for motor vehicle drivers and construction workers, subject to the management of school security departments; (vi) require work grounding and repeat grounding protection measures for mechanical equipment.
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Using recent Doing Business data, this note provides an analysis of electricity sector constraints across economies. The findings provide some interesting insights.
... See More + Not surprisingly, service unreliability is a significant factor in low-income economies, where power outages fluctuate significantly from year to year. Furthermore, electricity tariffs are associated with an economy’s natural resource endowment, while burdensome electricity connections are associated with utility corruption. Consistent with the existing research, the data reveals that electricity sectorconstraints impact firm behavior in terms of demand for energy inputs. One major question, however, remains to be explored: how is the performance of firms impacted by specific electricity sector constraints, namely (i) power outages, (ii) electricity tariffs and (iii) the connection process? This is will be explored in an upcoming policy note.
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The development objective of the Renewable Energy Fund (REF) Project for Rwanda is to increase electricity access in Rwanda through off-grid technologies and facilitate private-sector participation in renewable off-grid electrification.
... See More + The REF project, funded by the Scaling-up Renewable Energy Program (SREP) Trust Fund, is designed as a financial intermediary loan (FIL) to address these constraints. The project uses existing country systems and promotes private sector investments to ensure sustainability of the approach. The GoR, as the Borrower, will take the currency risk and on lend (for the line of credit and direct financing component) and transfer (for the technical assistance component) the project funds in local currency (Rwanda franc) to Development Bank of Rwanda (BRD), which will administer the REF. The project is structured around two components. Component 1: Line of Credit and Direct Financing for Off-grid Electrification and Component 2: Technical Assistance, Capacity Building, and Project Implementation Support. 1) The first component, line of credit and direct financing for off-grid electrification will set up and operationalize an REF, a local currency line of credit and direct financing facility that will help address access to finance and affordability constraints to accelerate growth of the off-grid electrification market in Rwanda. The REF will provide lines of credit to local financial institutions for sub-loans to households and micro, small, and medium enterprises, as well as direct loans to private companies engaged in off-grid electrification (mini-grid developers and potentially locally registered OSCs). The REF will use existing country systems (SACCOs) 23 to facilitate access to finance for households and businesses, improve affordability of solar electricity services, and maximize geographic coverage. The REF will provide access to local currency financing through the four financing windows described below. (a) Window 1 - On lending through Savings and Credit Cooperative (SACCOs) to households and micro-enterprises; (b) Window 2 - On lending through banks (commercial and micro finance) to households and small and medium enterprises (SMEs); (c) Window 3 - Direct financing of mini-grid developers; (d) Window 4 - Direct financing of locally registered Off-grid Solar Company (OSCs) supporting Tier 1 or higher solar systems. 2) The second component, technical assistance, capacity building, and project implementation support will provide the necessary technical assistance and capacity building on a need basis to BRD and participating entities (SACCOs, banks, and private companies engaged in off-grid electrification) as well as provide project implementation support to BRD as a host of the REF. Technical assistance and capacity building will include, among others, (a) capacity-building and awareness workshops for SACCOs, banks, and private companies engaged in off-grid electrification to facilitate partnerships between SACCOs, banks, and the private sector; (b) technical assistance and capacity building for participating SACCOs and banks to ensure their successful partnerships with the private sector; (c) capacity building of participating SACCOs and banks to manage energy credit lines (including management, operational, and monitoring and evaluation capacities, as well as citizen/consumer orientation to build demand for these new products); (d) capacity building of the Energy Division of BRD to manage direct energy lending; (e) technical assistance to BRD to develop a pipeline of mini-grid projects; (f) technical assistance and capacity building for BRD and participating entities on quality assurance and enforcement of technical standards for off-grid solar systems, and so on; and (g) public awareness campaigns to educate consumers on the benefits and opportunities of off-grid electrification.
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The development objective of the Renewable Energy Fund (REF) Project for Rwanda is to increase electricity access in Rwanda through off-grid technologies and facilitate private-sector participation in renewable off-grid electrification.
... See More + The REF project, funded by the Scaling-up Renewable Energy Program (SREP) Trust Fund, is designed as a financial intermediary loan (FIL) to address these constraints. The project uses existing country systems and promotes private sector investments to ensure sustainability of the approach. The GoR, as the Borrower, will take the currency risk and on lend (for the line of credit and direct financing component) and transfer (for the technical assistance component) the project funds in local currency (Rwanda franc) to Development Bank of Rwanda (BRD), which will administer the REF. The project is structured around two components. Component 1: Line of Credit and Direct Financing for Off-grid Electrification and Component 2: Technical Assistance, Capacity Building, and Project Implementation Support. 1) The first component, line of credit and direct financing for off-grid electrification will set up and operationalize an REF, a local currency line of credit and direct financing facility that will help address access to finance and affordability constraints to accelerate growth of the off-grid electrification market in Rwanda. The REF will provide lines of credit to local financial institutions for sub-loans to households and micro, small, and medium enterprises, as well as direct loans to private companies engaged in off-grid electrification (mini-grid developers and potentially locally registered OSCs). The REF will use existing country systems (SACCOs) 23 to facilitate access to finance for households and businesses, improve affordability of solar electricity services, and maximize geographic coverage. The REF will provide access to local currency financing through the four financing windows described below. (a) Window 1 - On lending through Savings and Credit Cooperative (SACCOs) to households and micro-enterprises; (b) Window 2 - On lending through banks (commercial and micro finance) to households and small and medium enterprises (SMEs); (c) Window 3 - Direct financing of mini-grid developers; (d) Window 4 - Direct financing of locally registered Off-grid Solar Company (OSCs) supporting Tier 1 or higher solar systems. 2) The second component, technical assistance, capacity building, and project implementation support will provide the necessary technical assistance and capacity building on a need basis to BRD and participating entities (SACCOs, banks, and private companies engaged in off-grid electrification) as well as provide project implementation support to BRD as a host of the REF. Technical assistance and capacity building will include, among others, (a) capacity-building and awareness workshops for SACCOs, banks, and private companies engaged in off-grid electrification to facilitate partnerships between SACCOs, banks, and the private sector; (b) technical assistance and capacity building for participating SACCOs and banks to ensure their successful partnerships with the private sector; (c) capacity building of participating SACCOs and banks to manage energy credit lines (including management, operational, and monitoring and evaluation capacities, as well as citizen/consumer orientation to build demand for these new products); (d) capacity building of the Energy Division of BRD to manage direct energy lending; (e) technical assistance to BRD to develop a pipeline of mini-grid projects; (f) technical assistance and capacity building for BRD and participating entities on quality assurance and enforcement of technical standards for off-grid solar systems, and so on; and (g) public awareness campaigns to educate consumers on the benefits and opportunities of off-grid electrification.
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The Trung Son Hydropower Project (TSHP) was designed with a strong gender action plan for the implementation of its large livelihood, minority, and resettlement program.
... See More + While the plan and overall aim were considered very good practice, external evaluators found that the actual attention to ensuring men and women were benefitting equally was not being provided as planned during the early stages of implementation. To address the shortcomings, the project requested technical support from the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) gender and energy facility to help update the design, implementation, and monitoring mechanisms for their livelihood, ethnic minority, and resettlement programs to ensure men and women will benefit equally from the services provided and that monitoring mechanisms will be in place to capture disaggregated progress and results.
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The Trung Son Hydropower Project (TSHP) was designed with a strong gender action plan for the implementation of its large livelihood, minority and resettlement program.
... See More + While the plan and overall aim were considered very good practice, external evaluators found that the actual attention to ensuring men and women were benefitting equally was not being provided as planned during the early stages of implementation. To address the shortcomings, the project requested technical support from the EAP Gender and Energy Facility to help update the design, implementation, and monitoring mechanisms for their livelihood, ethnic minority and resettlement programs to ensure men and women would benefit equally from the services provided and that monitoring mechanisms would be in place to capture disaggregated progress and results.
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This report is prepared within the project Selection : 1231900/ Solar Measurement Campaign in Vietnam. Under this project a two-year solar measurement campaign as a stand-alone activity funded from a World Bank (WBG) executed trust fund will be commissioned.
... See More + Vietnam has transformed to mixed economy with substantial development of commercial and industrial activities that has increasing demand of energy. Partly due to the increase in energy demand, greenhouse gas emissions have more than doubled over the past decade. Vietnam has announced ambitious targets for the development of solar energy electricity generation with announced targets of 12 GW of installed capacity by 2030. The World Bank is supporting the Government of Vietnam in developing a Solar PV Strategy and financing the first round of solar PV development. Since 2013 the World Bank has been supporting renewable energy resource mapping efforts in Vietnam with funding from the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program(ESMAP). The intention of this solar measurement campaign will be to i) Generate high quality data to enable a full solar model adaptation and validation by Solargis, the WB’s global provider of solar resource data and mapping services; ii) Provide data for immediate use in developing a handful of priority sites for grid-connected solar PVplants.
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This report is prepared within the World Bank ESMAP project Selection : 1231900 or solar measurements in Vietnam. Under this project at least five solar measurement stations funded from a World Bank executed trust fund will be commissioned.
... See More + These are to be installed at different sites distributed throughout the whole country from North to South. These sites should well represent the local climatic conditions and be situated at sites favorable for solar energy projects. The intention is to begin measurements at these sites as soon as possible, to provide validation data. The Government of Vietnam has a target to add solar energy generation capacity of12 GW by 2030. However, Vietnam currently has limited data on renewable energy resource potential. The World Bank team supporting the Government of Vietnam is therefore launching a parallel activity to support country level renewable energy resource assessment and mapping, focusing on solar, with technical and financial support from World Bank-executed trust funds.
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