The objective of the Nagaland Multi-sectoral Health Project is to improve health services and increase their utilization by communities in targeted locations in Nagaland.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: reduce exposed, hard paved surface on site (open areas surrounding the building) and maintain native vegetation cover on site; passive architectural design and systems to reduce energy consumption and maintain comfort (courtyard, roof insulation, ventilators, etc.); good fenestration design (design of openings such as windows, doors, etc.) for reducing direct heat gain and glare while maximizing daylight penetration; efficient artificial lighting system (reduce overall lighting power density); thermal efficiency of building envelope(design external wall sections and select construction materials to reduce heat gain); and waste management (segregation and treatment and proper disposal of wastes including any biomedical waste, organic wastes, recyclable wastes).
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The development objective of the System Enhancement for Health Action in Transition (SEHAT) Project for Afghanistan is to expand the scope, quality and coverage of health services provided to the population, particularly for the poor, in the project areas, and to enhance the stewardship functions of the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH).
... See More + Negative impacts includes: laboratory waste, sharps, syringes, poor antenatal care, risk of infection; risk of cross infection if no proper handling of waste including human parts, waste water, and sharps disposables; contamination of soils and groundwater; risk of cross contamination, sharps, disposables; risk of spread of diseases, personnel exposure to disease and bacteria; and incinerator impact (smoke, flue gas, lung diseases). Mitigation measures includes: 1) sharps should be placed in special containers and properly labeled before incineration waste disposal; 2) proper handling and storage including protective gear; 3) collect waste in closed containers and transport waste in specialized closed vehicles; 4) proper siting of well construct, incinerators, ash buried in special lined pits; 5) implement guidelines and followed good health care practices.
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The Municipal Solid Waste Management Project of China has an objective to build capacity and demonstrate best available techniques and best environmental practices in MSW incineration in accordance with the Stockholm Convention.
... See More + The project would support three components: (1) Capacity Building for Improved Operation and Regulation of MSW Incinerators, (2) Capacity Building for Improved MSW Management Planning, and (3) Project Management. Component one would support two closely linked sub-components aiming to increase capacity to better operate and regulate MSW incinerators so as to reduce dioxin and other pollutant emissions. Component two would support four activities to promote improved MSW management planning with a view to reduce solid waste going to MSW incinerators. Component three would fund incremental operating costs and consultancy costs associated with project management, including day-to-day project implementation, procurement and financial management, environmental safeguards carried out by the Foreign Economic Cooperation Office (FECO), the Yunnan Project Management Office (PMO), and the Ningbo PMO. Two key lessons learned from initiatives to improve MSW incinerator environmental performance around the world and from World Bank-supported projects in China have been reflected in the project design.
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The China Contaminated Site Management Project development objective (also the global environmental objective) is to improve the countrys capacity for managing site contamination, and demonstrate identification and cleanup of sites contaminated with POPs and other hazardous chemicals in an environmentally sound manner.
... See More + The Project will include activities at both national and provincial levels. Chongqing municipality and Liaoning province as pioneers with strong commitment and ownership for managing contaminated sites have been selected as the two demonstration areas among four municipalities or provinces (Requests of Expression of Interest were sent to 11 provinces and municipalities), which expressed interest to participate in the Project. The project itself is an environmental remediation and risk reduction effort which aims at supporting the Chinese governments efforts to improve its capacity for managing contaminated sites, and demonstrate identification and cleanup of sites contaminated with POPs and other hazardous chemicals, and thus has significant positive environmental and social benefits through eliminating POPs pollution sources at demonstration sites and enhancing environmental quality of the project area.
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Soil pollution has become a serious health and environmental threat in China, contaminating the food chain with heavy metals, fertilizers and pesticides, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and solvents; and polluting groundwater and surface waters.
... See More + The Chinese Government has become aware of the serious socioeconomic risks resulting from soil pollution and carried out Chinaapos;s first soil pollution survey from April 2005 to December 2013. The survey covered all arable land, partial forest land, grassland, unused land, and construction land with a total area of about 6.3 million square kilometers. On April 17, 2014, the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) and Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) jointly issued a Communique on results of this survey. It states that soil pollution in some regions is severe, soil quality of arable land is worrying, and soil environment problems in abandoned industrial and mining sites are prominent. The overall percentage of sample points exceeding the screening threshold in the country is estimated at 16.1 percent. About 33 percent of sample points in highly polluting industries, Industrial Parks, abandoned industrial sites, and mining areas, 20 percent in arable land, 26 percent in wastewater irrigation areas and 20 percent in the land along highways show contamination. The main contaminants found are heavy metals (cadmium, nickel, arsenic, cuprum, mercury, lead, chromium, zinc) and organic pollutants (hexachlorocyclohexane-HCH, dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane-DDT, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-PAHs). These results demonstrate the extent of the countryapos;s land pollution problems. On one hand, this poses environmental and health risks in Chinas most densely populated areas, on the other hand, this is an obstacle to redevelopment, and urban and rural economic growth.
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The China Contaminated Site Management Project development objective (also the global environmental objective) is to improve the countrys capacity for managing site contamination, and demonstrate identification and cleanup of sites contaminated with POPs and other hazardous chemicals in an environmentally sound manner.
... See More + The Project will include activities at both national and provincial levels. Chongqing municipality and Liaoning province as pioneers with strong commitment and ownership for managing contaminated sites have been selected as the two demonstration areas among four municipalities or provinces (Requests of Expression of Interest were sent to 11 provinces and municipalities), which expressed interest to participate in the Project. The project itself is an environmental remediation and risk reduction effort which aims at supporting the Chinese governments efforts to improve its capacity for managing contaminated sites, and demonstrate identification and cleanup of sites contaminated with POPs and other hazardous chemicals, and thus has significant positive environmental and social benefits through eliminating POPs pollution sources at demonstration sites and enhancing environmental quality of the project area.
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The Industrial Waste Management and Cleanup Project of Montenegro has an objective designed to reduce contamination of Montenegros natural resources and public health risks of exposure to this contamination from selected industrial waste disposal sites.
... See More + The project consists of three components. The first component This component will finance the detailed design, construction, and supervision for the remediation of the Project Sites, including through the following measures: slope and dam stabilization; coverage; containment cells; in-site encapsulation; re-shaping; re-vegetation; drainage and other water management investments including groundwater management measures, if needed; and removal (including export) of hazardous and non-hazardous waste. Component two will support the Borrower and industries involved with management of the Project Sites in managing future industrial hazardous waste generation in a manner compliant with national and EU legislation, in strengthening the Borrowers institutional and regulatory capacities in the field of industrial hazardous waste management, and in exploring options for developing infrastructure for industrial hazardous waste disposal at the national level. Finally, component three This component will support Project management and capacity building at EPA, including establishment of the PMU, and support for project monitoring and evaluation, including establishment of a monitoring and evaluation system, funding of audits, training, equipment, consultants services, and incremental operating costs.
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The development objective of the Essential Health Services Access Project for Myanmar is to increase coverage of essential health services of adequate quality, with a focus on maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH).
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) segregating solid healthcare waste (HCW); (2) ensuring that hygienic latrines are available and accessible to patients, health staff, and visitors in health care facilities (HCFs); (3) ensuring that wastewater is treated by on-site primary treatment facilities and disinfected before discharge into environment; (4) providing all health providers and workers with labor protection items; (5) ensuring that the generation of dust is minimized and implementing dust control plan to maintain safe working environment and minimize disturbances for patients, staff, and surrounding community; and (6) preparing and implementing simple action plan to cope with risk and emergency (for example, fire, earthquake, floods).
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The development objectives of the Environmental Pollution Abatement Project for Lebanon are to assist the Borrower in: (a) reducing industrial pollution in targeted industrial enterprises; and (b) strengthening the monitoring and enforcement capabilities of the Ministry of Environment (MOE).
... See More + The project comprises two components. The first component on technical assistance aims to strengthen through technical support and training the capacity of MOE, the banking sector and the industrial associations, and provide project management support. The second component on investment sub-projects aims to provide concessional loans through the banking sector for pollution control to an estimated 20 to 25 public and private enterprises in order to bring air emissions, effluent discharges, and industrial waste generation towards compliance with national environmental standards in a cost-effective manner. This component will consist of a credit facility to provide sub-loans of at least US$100,000 per enterprise to implement pollution control projects and thereby reduce pollution load.
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This document summarizes the environmental assessment of the GEF China Municipal Solid Waste Management Project, highlighting the main issues and conclusions of the Environmental Audit, Environmental Management Plan (EMP), and Social Assessment (SA) reports of the project.
... See More + According to Chinese Environmental Assessment laws and regulations, and the World Bankapos;s Operational Policy and Bank Procedures OP/BP4.01 Environmental Assessment, the project is category A for environmental assessment purposes due to the nature of the project. The National Implementation Plan of the Peopleapos;s Republic of China for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) lists the municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal sector as one the countryapos;s six priority industries for POPs reduction. In order to help China implement its responsibility under the Convention, achieve reduction of dioxin emissions from MSW incineration, the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) and the World Bank work together to promote best available techniques (BAT) and best environmental practices (BEP) in accordance with the Stockholm Convention (SC). The environmental audit and EMP reports present information on the regulatory framework; incinerator operations; environmental compliance; environmental, health and safety management system, and risk assessment. The reports were reviewed by the World Bank and found to be in compliance with the World Bank safeguards policies and the World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) guidelines. The reports were disclosed locally on March 10, 2014 and on March 20, 2014 in infoshop of the World Bank.
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The project development objective (PDO) of this project in Madagascar, MG-HD Multisector Operation, is to preserve critical education, health and nutrition service delivery in targeted vulnerable areas in the recipient's territory.
... See More + The proposed project is classified as an environmental and social Category B, since activities funded under the project are not expected to have significant negative environmental and/or social impacts. The proposed project triggers only one World Bank safeguards policy, namely OP/BP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment). The project does not involve land acquisition leading to involuntary resettlement and/or loss of access to resources or livelihoods. No major civil works that could lead to potential negative environmental and social impacts will be undertaken in the proposed operation. However, it is possible that, during implementation some repairs/rehabilitation of existing facilities may be undertaken. Environmental and Social Management Plans will be prepared as and when necessary during implementation. Any improvement of the health services improves would ultimately enhance population accessibility to these services. It is therefore expected that with improvements in health services delivery, the production of both medical and pharmaceutical waste in the various care centers and pharmacies in the country would ultimately increase accordingly. The ESSAF developed specifically for this Project is aimed at ensuring due diligence, notably on the consistent treatment of medical waste and elimination of expired pharmaceutical drugs in the heath sector by the Government of Madagascar and its service providers.
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This report concerns the second additional financing for the Second Health Sector Support Program for Cambodia that will improve access to, and utilization of effective, efficient and quality health services to the population.
... See More + The project aims to achieve this by (a) strengthening primary health care and essential referral services, (b) strengthening health financing and social protection mechanisms for the poor; and (c) strengthening human resources and institutional capacity on the Ministry of Health. This report includes updates of the 2008 environment management plan as part of preparation for the second additional financing to reflect the lessons learned during safeguards implementation of the oroginal project development objective and the first additional financing. The second additional financing will not finance civil works and concerns four project components: component A will strengthen health service delivery; component B will improve health financing; component C will strengthen human resources; and component D will strengthen health system stewardship functions. No additional funding is available for components C and D. Continued financing of health equity funds and service delivery grants is consistent with the program's development objective. As with the original project and the first additional financing, the second additional financing is expected to have a positive impact on the lives of peoples throughout Cambodia, particularly the poorest, by improving their access to and utilization of effective and efficient health services. The second additional financing will not affect any natural habitats, forests, or cultural resources. No new safeguard policies will be triggered by the second additional financing.
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The objective of the Rural Electrification Project for Vanuatu is to increase access to electricity services for rural households, aid posts and community halls located in dispersed off-grid areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: the main environmental issues associated with the project will be the recycle and disposal of spent storage batteries at the end of their useful lives. The environmental assessment OP/BP 4.01 is triggered to ensure proper disposal/recycling of lithium, lead-acid or lead-gel batteries, where used. Since legislation and regulations on disposal of solid wastes, such as lead acid batteries, is in early stage of development, this project-specific ECOP has been developed for the collection, transport, storage and disposal of used batteries. Use proper lifting techniques to avoid back injuries, battery casings can be brittle and break easily; they should be handled carefully to avoid an acid spill, make sure that a battery is properly secured and upright in the vehicle or equipment. If recycling of batteries is not chosen or possible, disposal in a secure landfill is the next preferred option. The acid should be removed from the casing and neutralized. Empty battery cases must be disposed of carefully because they can still contain significant amounts of lead. Batteries should then be wrapped in heavy duty plastic or encapsulated with concrete. The concrete and plastic serves the purpose of ensuring that lead will not leach out and become mobile in landfill leachate, thus reducing the environmental risk. The main centers such as Port Vila, Luganville, Tanna and Malekula have landfill sites operated by the local provincial councils that could be used for the disposal for batteries.
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Despite considerable progress in the area of environmental management over the last decade, Colombia still faces significant impacts from population exposure to urban air pollution, inadequate access to water supply and sanitation, and indoor air pollution from solid fuel use.
... See More + This study estimates that the total health cost attributable to these three factors amounts to about 10.2 trillion Colombian Pesos (COP) annually, or about 2 percent of GDP in 2010. In terms of mortality, about 7,600 annual premature deaths can be attributed to these environmental factors. This study updates some of the estimates of environmental health costs reported in the 2005 Colombia Country Environmental Analysis environmental priorities and poverty reduction. Specific policy recommendations and targeted interventions can be derived from future analysis of environmental health costs at subnational level, cost-benefit analysis of specific policy interventions, and an analysis of the burden of health costs disaggregated by population groups and poverty levels. Disaggregated statistics on health outcomes, fuel use, and access to infrastructure services, epidemiological studies, and air quality models (urban and industrial areas) are required for such analysis. Disaggregated assessments and cost benefit analysis, recommended for future studies, will facilitate an evaluation of policy and investment outcomes in terms of their impacts on the most vulnerable groups and the extent to which they are well targeted and benefit the poor.
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Working Paper 92956 JUN 01, 2014
Golub, Elena; Klytchnikova, Irina; Sanchez-Martinez, Gerardo; Belausteguigoitia, Juan Carlos; Molina, Centro Mario
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) Municipal Solid Waste Management Project for China aims to build capacity and demonstrate best available techniques and best environmental practices in municipal solid waste incineration in accordance with the Stockholm Convention by lowering dioxins and furans emissions from facilities.
... See More + The assessment of the environmental impacts of four incinerators in Kunming (Konggang, Wuhua, Xishan, and Dongjiao) will establish favorable conditions for replicating project results more widely across China. In terms of the knowledge about the positive and negative impact of waste incineration, the positive impacts include relieving the pressure of municipal solid waste disposal, improving the urban sanitary condition, and improving living environment. The negative impacts impacts include discharging toxic gas from waste incineration, generating dust and affecting living quality. Negative impacts on the environment also affect air pollution, dust, water quality, soil erosion, drainage, waste management, and loss of ecology. Mitigation measures include: disposal measures for acid and alkaline wastewater, cooling sewage and other industrial wastewater shall be reasonable and feasible; back-spraying shall be preferred in treatment of waste leachate, and drainage shall meet the requirements of relevant state and local emission standards if back-spraying is not feasible, and emergent collecting pool of waste leachate with sufficient capacity shall be installed; sludge or concentrated solution shall be independently burned in plants without outbound transport for disposal; construction style and overall saturation of incineration plants of municipal solid wastes shall be in consistent with their surrounding environment. Proposed physical activities under the project are primarily equipment enhancement of air pollution control facilities of existing MSW incinerators in Kunming. Key environmental issues identified are associated with incinerator operation: including air emissions control, solid waste management, wastewater management, and environmental risks. Due to the nature of the project and risk level of potential environmental impacts, the project is categorized as Category A for environmental purposes as per OP4.01/BP4.01 Environmental Assessment.
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Contaminated sites associated with economic growth and development and increased urbanization pose a growing public health and environmental problem.
... See More + Emissions and discharges, particularly uncontrolled ones, onto land can pollute the soil and the groundwater beneath, and can also affect surface water quality and sediments in nearby rivers and streams. This document is intended to summarize the rationale and the major policy, regulatory, implementation, and organizational issues involved in creating a contaminated site program, especially for low and middle income countries. The document offers alternatives regarding the design and implementation of such a program. It provides an action agenda of short- and longer-term activities to be considered when establishing a contaminated site program. In addition to providing some optional approaches for the many policy and programmatic issues, the document provides numerous references from the experience of other country programs to draw upon in considering program options. The document is intended to help support World Bank staff or other international financial institutions and assistance agencies in their dialogues with governmental officials in low and middle income countries regarding specific options and steps on developing or implementing contaminated sites programs in their countries. It is also relevant for governmental agencies in these countries responsible for site contamination and pollution management, land use planning, and site development at local and national levels. The document is organized in the following chapters: chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two is setting policy and legislative framework which highlights the development of policy and legislative purpose, principles, strategy and design, and related legislation. Chapter three is regulatory issues which presents major topics that may be the subject of regulations by a ministry or agency. Chapter four is contaminated site program management which presents management, organizational, and operational issues, including issues of coordination and partnerships within branches of government and with other stakeholders. Chapter five is action agenda for contaminated site program which provides the development of an action agenda of short- and longer-term actions to be considered in forming a contaminated site program, including creation of a national management plan for contaminated sites.
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Turkish exporters substantially broadened market reach, exporting to 137 countries at present, up from 90 in 2000. Turkeyapos;s global market share rose substantially from 0.55 percent of global imports in 2002 to 0.82 percent in 2012.
... See More + Turkey aims to become one of the ten largest economies in the world by 2023, with per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) rising to United States (U.S.) $25,000 and exports to U.S. 500 billion dollars. This report focuses on Turkeyapos;s competitiveness from the supply side, but it is important to note that ensuring a more balanced mix of financing for the required investment through measures to boost domestic savings is equally important if Turkeyapos;s progress is to be sustained. Achieving Turkeyapos;s export target is possible and it will likely require a larger global market share. The relatively low level of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Turkish manufacturing has been a constraint to export growth and quality improvements. Raising export growth to levels that help meet Turkeyapos;s development goals will require a policy agenda that targets sustained further improvements in Turkeyapos;s physical, human, and institutional capital. This report prioritizes broader policies that are fundamental for Turkey to export its way out of middle-income. Chief among these are policies that: (i) link the country further with international markets, including by helping bring larger inflows of FDI, particularly into the manufacturing sector; (ii) promote innovation, including by encouraging a large role for private companies in research and development (R and D); (iii) upgrade the skills both of the existing work force and new entrants; and (iv) improve access to finance, particularly long-term, with a view to unlock the potential of the dynamic small and medium enterprise (SME) sector.
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