The Disaster Risk Management Development Policy Loan for El Salvador received a satisfactory outcome rating with low or negligible risk to development outcome.
... See More + The Bank received a moderately satisfactory performance rating while the Borrower received a satisfactory performance rating. There were no restructurings or any significant changes to PDO, indicators, or components during the life of this project. Key lessons learned from this project include five overarching ideas. (1) The effectiveness of the CAT DDO as a source of liquidity after an emergency depends on the detailed identification of the procedures and responsibilities of the Borrower and the Bank to trigger and process the disbursement. (2) The policy dialogue on DRM could be made more efficient by improving the indicators of the policy matrix. (3) Reporting responsibilities and monitoring arrangements should be agreed with the Borrower in the early stages of the operation to improve the effectiveness and monitoring of the policy measures supported by the DPL. (4) Close Bank supervision is also important to support a successful policy dialogue and DRM outcomes. (5) Finally, the Bank should aim to ensure that the Borrower understands the financial aspects of the CAT DDO instrument, and the consequences of the different options available in relation to interest rates, repayment, and renewal.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR3308 FEB 18, 2015
The development objective of the Pacific Resilience Program (PREP) Project for Pacific Islands is to consolidate the results of on-going national and regional initiatives.
... See More + The regional approach aims to help Pacific Island countries (PICs) to: (i) strengthen early warning and preparedness; (ii) create a framework for stronger and prioritized investments in resilience and retrofitting of key-public buildings to meet international standards; and (iii) improve post-disaster response capacity of the countries through strengthened financial resilience to disaster events. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) developing consultation plan as part of project operations manual during preparation phase to ensure proactive consultation during baseline studies and project preparation; (2) providing compensation to all affected persons at full replacement cost as defined in resettlement policy framework (RPF) and under operational policy (OP) 4.12; (3) activities will require participation and consultation of affected persons as set out in the consultation section of the environmental and social management framework (ESMF); and (4) a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been detailed in the ESMF to enable issues to be addressed in a transparent and responsive manner.
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Solomon Islands is at high risk to natural hazards. Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire and within the cyclone belt, it is one of the 20 countries in the world most vulnerable to economic risk exposure caused by geological, hydrological and climatic hazards.
... See More + This includes tropical cyclones, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, floods and droughts. There have been seven major disasters triggered by natural hazards in the past 30 years, causing loss of life and having a severe and adverse impact on the economy each time. Modelling predicts natural hazards and climate change will lead to an average direct loss of US$20.5 million - or 3 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) - annually for the next 50 years. In April 2014, 23 people, predominantly women and children, lost their lives after a low depression caused flooding that swept through Honiara and the Guadalcanal Plains. Total damage and losses from the floods is estimated at US$108 million or 9.2 percent of GDP.
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The development objective of the Urban Resilience Project for Bangladesh is to strengthen the capacity of Government of Bangladesh (GoB) agencies to efficiently and effectively respond to emergency events in Dhaka and Sylhet; and to improve the safety of new building construction in Dhaka.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) selecting land cautiously for acquisition; (2) checking if land available with the concerned agencies or other Government of Bangladesh (GOB) agencies can be utilized for the construction; and (3) carrying out field appraisal and consultation with likely affected and groups facilitated by competent partner non-government organization (NGO).
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The objective of the Multipurpose Disaster Shelter Project (MDSP) for Bangladesh is to reduce the vulnerability of the coastal population in selected coastal districts of Bangladesh to natural disasters.
... See More + The project has three components. (1) Reconstruction and improvement of multipurpose shelters component will finance the construction of around 552 new shelters, the rehabilitation of around 450 existing shelters, the construction and improvement of around 550 kilometers of rural roads to improve access and communication networks to shelters, the implementation of environmental and social management plans, and design and construction supervision. (2) Project management, monitoring and technical assistance and training component will support the government in implementing the project, and in coordinating all project related activities, monitoring, technical assistance and training. (3) Emergency contingent response component. In case of a major natural disaster, the government may request the Bank to re-allocate project funds to this component (which presently carries a zero allocation) to support response and reconstruction.
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This issue focuses on communities in Colombia at high-risk to natural disasters. Policymakers continue long-term efforts to understand the scope of the problem and target measures to reduce the vulnerability of people living at risk to flooding and landslides.
... See More + Two significant observations surfaced from an initial research of various Colombian municipalities, and examining different methodologies and employed to quantify the number of households living in high-risk areas: 1) there was no consistent or systematic methodology to collect information needed to assess risk at the community level, nor to generate local hazards assessments for floods and landslides; and 2) there was no centralized data-sharing platform existed for national ministries and agencies to easily and cost-effectively access household information obtained at the municipal level. After deliberation and analysis by stakeholders and partners, a new standardized methodology was developed. The following elements emerged that supported the roll-out of the National Inventory of High-Risk Settlements to streamline decision-making processes: 1) a set of criteria was defined for all municipalities to extract inventory data from previous technical studies and emergency reports; 2) the methodology to build the national inventory was developed in consideration of limited technical capacity in many municipalities; 3) a centralized information platform for the national settlement inventory was established based on the methodology to permit municipal agencies to collect and share data more easily; and 4) the Ministry of Housing, City, and Territory issued a Ministerial Resolution that legally requires municipalities to adhere to the methodology to develop the National Inventory of High-Risk Settlements. While being no small task, building the National Inventory of High-Risk Settlements will have a significant impact on Colombias ability to address urbanization trends by reducing risk.
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This report summarizes the just-in-time advice provided by the World Bank to the government of the Philippines (GoP) immediately after Typhoon Haiyan.
... See More + The Bank helped the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) develop the Reconstruction Assistance on Yolanda (RAY) plan, providing recommendations and sharing international good practice on key aspects of recovery and reconstruction, including institutional arrangements for recovery implementation, use of remote damage assessment, resilient recovery, and reconstruction of housing, buildings, roads, and other infrastructure. The report is divided into six chapters: 1. Rapid Damage Assessments: Using Remote Sensing Technologies and Risk Information to Help Determine Preliminary Reconstruction Needs 2. Buildings and Infrastructure: Good Practices for Resilient Reconstruction 3. Housing: Lessons Learned from Large-Scale Housing Reconstruction Programs 4. Building Back Better: Restoring Key Sectors, Local Economy, and Livelihoods 5. Roads and Bridges: Enabling Operational Continuity of Lifelines for Evacuation and Post - Disaster Response 6. Institutional Structures: Good Practices and Options for Effective Planning and Implementation of Reconstruction and Recovery. International experience shared through the engagement includes lessons learned from community driven reconstruction in Indonesia and Pakistan; shelter and housing recovery in Haiti; emergency reconstruction in Turkey; resilient infrastructure and hurricane contingency planning in Florida; resilient reconstruction of buildings in California, Haiti, Japan, and Turkey; remote damage assessment in Pakistan; and resilient road and highway management in East Asia and New Zealand. See Less -
The Floods Emergency Recovery Project of Serbia has an objective to: (i) help restore power system capability to reliably meet domestic demand; (ii) protect livelihoods of farmers in flood affected areas; (iii) protect people and assets from floods; and (iv) improve the Borrowers capacity to respond effectively to disasters.
... See More + The project consists of four components: (1) Energy Sector Support; (2) Agricultural Sector Support; (3) Flood Protection; and (4) Contingent Emergency Response. The objective of component one is to help restore power system capability to reliably meet domestic demand through power purchases, improved reliability of the distribution system and energy conservation measures, and help the restoration of strategic energy assets. Component 2 will support the ongoing Farm Incentives Program in order to protect the livelihood of farmers affected by the floods and offset their income losses. The objective of component three is to support urgent rehabilitation of flood protection and drainage control infrastructure, and strengthen the technical capacity of government agencies for improved flood prevention and management. Component four is to improve Serbias capacity to better respond to disasters. Following an adverse natural or man-made event that causes a major disaster; the Government of Serbia may request the Bank to re-allocate project funds to this component to partially cover emergency response and recovery costs. This component could also be used to channel additional funds should they become available as a result of the emergency.
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The Disaster Risk Management Development Policy Loan with a Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option of Seychelles has an objective of the proposed operation is to strengthen the Government of Seychelles Disaster Risk Management policy and reform agenda and enhance its capacity to efficiently respond to disasters.
... See More + The two pillars of the proposed operation are: (i) strengthening the institutional/legal framework for disaster risk management, and (ii) integrating disaster risk reduction into development planning and decision making.
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The report presents the results of a detailed vulnerability assessment and summarizes the prioritization methodology developed to guide investment decisions on the strengthening of critical assets in Metropolitan Manila.
... See More + With support from the World Bank, the engagement on Safe and Resilient Infrastructure has carried out a preliminary structural assessment of over seven hundred public school campuses and twenty hospitals retained by the Department of Health in Metro Manila. The report also highlights the lessons learned from seismic retrofitting programs implemented throughout the world, as showcased during the Forum on Safe and Resilient Infrastructure that took place in Manila, Philippines, in October 2013. This report is divided into three sections. First, it establishes the technical principles of earthquake risk management. Second, it details the experience of the Philippines to date in developing an integrated earthquake risk management program, focusing on the methodology and results of a vulnerability assessment and prioritization conducted under the Safe and Resilient Infrastructure Program. Last, it reviews international experience with earthquake risk management programs of various scales and scopes, through the cases of California, Romania, Turkey, and Indonesia. The key messages of the report are as follows: An integrated approach to earthquake risk management can strengthen key buildings and infrastructure and reduce the damaging effects of future disasters in the Philippines. Earthquake risk management and strengthening programs initiated by both the public and private sectors in many countries often consist of three phases: risk audit, risk assessment, and implementation. Several key technical components must be considered in the design of a phased earthquake risk management program, including a prioritization methodology.
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This issue focuses on ways to tackle persistent flooding and economic vulnerabilities in the agricultural sector for Guyana. In January 2005 extreme and prolonged rainfall caused widespread flooding in Guyana with flood levels elevated well above safe operating levels, putting the East Demerara Water Conservancy reservoir and dam at risk of overtopping and catastrophic breaching.
... See More + In an effort to tackle persistent flooding and economic vulnerabilities in the agricultural sector, the Government of Guyanas Ministry of Agriculture, along with the World Bank and other international development agencies, initiated the US$3.8 million Conservancy Adaptation Project (CAP). A top priority identified under the CAP initiative is the strengthening of the Conservancy and coastal drainage systems to protect the country's key economic and most populated regions. The CAP focused on four main areas: 1) pre-investment studies and data collection for engineering design of works; 2) critical drainage infrastructure investments; 3) institutional strengthening and capacity building; and 4) building national awareness of flood risk. CAP has been a flagship project and a launching pad for significant progress in flood risk mitigation measures for Guyana and also the Caribbean region. Key outcomes of the project include a hydraulic engineering foundation for the dam; increased safety of the Conservancy and reduced vulnerability to catastrophic flooding through physical investments; enhanced government knowledge and capacity to manage the Conservancy and coastal drainage systems; comprehensive scenario analyses and dam stability to improve decision-making of Conservancy investments; and a US$123 million package of pre-designed infrastructure and nonstructural investments critical for flood risk management. These investments will generate increased capacity to manage water levels in the Conservancy and lessen the high vulnerability of the people and agricultural areas in the region to moderate and extreme climate events.
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The objectives of Improving Disaster Risk Management Project for Mongolia are to identify and explain potential key environmental and social safeguards issues associated with the project and approaches to address the issues.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: the project is a technical assistance and does not have direct impact on environmental or social safeguard issues. However, the UB city flood risk management plan, designed under sub-component A.1.3, may in future result into investments that have implications on the environment. Therefore, the Environmental Assessment Policy (OP4.01) and the Involuntary Resettlement Policy (OP 4.12) are triggered. The relevant environmental and social safeguards policies objectives and elements will be part of the planning process, terms of reference for the plan and the capacity building grant activities to the relevant line ministries and Ulaanbaatar city. This includes among others, aspects related to the identification and mitigation of potential environmental impacts and inclusion of the vulnerable and marginalized groups of people in project activities.
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The development objectives of the Improving Disaster Risk Management Project for Mongolia are to improve the disaster preparedness of Ulaanbaatar (UB) and to reduce the impact of dzud on rural livelihoods.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) mapping flood risks by micro zone in order to determine the exact nature and level of risk in different parts of the city; (2) designing and developing database on hazards and vulnerabilities to enable UB to quantify the total risks it faces and subsequently preparing a cost-benefit analysis for prevention and mitigation of risks; (3) designing UB city flood risk management plan and capacity building to enable the city to respond effectively and reduce the loss of lives and assets; (4) reviewing the quality of the work carried out, such as the training and flood risk management plan developed under the project with a view of providing tangible recommendations for the city and project management unit to follow and improve project outcomes; (5) supporting institutionalization of the livestock early warning system (LEWS) within the national agency for meteorology, hydrology, and environmental monitoring (NAMHEM); and (6) designing and piloting a new feed and fodder supply system to allow vegetation to grow to full maturity and be harvested, packed, and stored for the winter, ensuring readily available emergency feed supply for the beneficiary herder households.
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On March 11, 2011, an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 occurred in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Japan's Tohoku region. The Great East Japan Earthquake was the first disaster ever recorded that included an earthquake, a tsunami, a nuclear power plant accident, a power supply failure, and a large-scale disruption of supply chains.
... See More + This report consolidates the set of 36 Knowledge Notes, research results of the joint study undertaken by the Government of Japan and the World Bank. It summarizes the lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami and provides guidance to other disaster-prone countries for mainstreaming disaster risk management in their development policies. It is clear that financial resources alone are not sufficient to deal with disasters and to spur development. Technical assistance and capacity building are equally important. In Japan's case, the project learned how communities can play a critical role in preparing for and coping with natural disasters. Communities can help prevent damage from spreading, maintain social order, and provide support to the vulnerable. Only through technical cooperation can such know-how be passed on to other countries and be adapted to their local circumstances. The chapters that make up the main body of this report are built around the disciplines employed in the traditional disaster risk management cycle. Grouped into seven thematic clusters that track that cycle, the chapters treat structural measures (part 1) and nonstructural measures (part 2) as preventive options. Also covered is the emergency responses put in place after March 11 (part 3) and described the planning behind the reconstruction process (part 4). The handling of risk assessment and communication before and after the disaster are the subject of part 5. Part 6 deals with risk financing, insurance, and fiscal and financial management; part 7 with the progress of recovery and relocation.
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Ratings for the First Phase of Adaptable Program Loan for National Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project for Colombia were as follows: outcomes were satisfactory, risk to development outcome was moderate, Bank performance was moderately satisfactory, and Borrower performance was moderately satisfactory.
... See More + Some lessons learned included: there is existing demand at the municipal level for in-depth and continuous technical support for risk mitigation actions. Instituto de hidrologia, meteorologia, y estudios ambientales, institute of hydrology, meteorology, and environment studies (IDEAM's) work has the potential to contribute to the development of climate risk parametric insurance tools. Such tools can be supported in a follow-up operation, and furthermore, use the successful experience from other countries in that area. An in-depth institutional assessment as well as the preparation of a capacity development plan for unidad nacional para la gestion del riesgo de desastres, national unit for disaster risk management (UNGRD) will help define the institutional and implementation arrangements for a potential phase II. In terms of monitoring and evaluation (M and E), the project demonstrated the limits of a quantitative results framework (RF). It highlighted the critical need to design, from entry, some indicators and or an M and E system that can capture the outcomes produced by the project. There was a good synergy between this International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) operation and global facility for disaster reduction and recovery (GFDRR) grants, targeting specific areas of technical assistance (TA) and delivering extra-outcomes and positive impacts around the project.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR1946 JUN 09, 2014
This report summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place as part of the Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience workshop in Manila, the Philippines, in June 2014.
... See More + The workshop was organized by the Disaster Risk Management Team of the East Asia and Pacific region of the World Bank, the Philippines Department of Public Works and Highways, and the Manila Metropolitan Development Authority, with support from the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) and the government of the Republic of Korea. The team is grateful for their generous support. The Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience workshop brought together over 70 officials, experts, and representatives from development and partner agencies in more than 10 countries in East Asia, South Asia, and Africa. The first day focused on operational knowledge and lessons learned from implementing flood risk management and urban resilience programs in the Philippines as well as Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Japan, Senegal, and Thailand. The second day consisted of field visits to the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), Pasig City, and Marikina City, which were designed to showcase investments in structural and nonstructural flood risk management measures. The third (half) day was dedicated to reflecting on the presented case studies and site visits and to discussing the needs and opportunities for sustained knowledge exchange within the Community of Practice on Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management (IUFRM COP). The key messages of the workshop fall under four main themes: combination, communication, coordination, and commitment.
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