The Somalia Emergency Drought and Resilience Project (SEDRP) includes support to FAO for strengthening rural food security and livelihoods resilience.
... See More + The project will be implemented by extending multi-sector support to FAO for scaling up and strengthening their ongoing programmatic interventions for famine prevention, drought response and resilience building. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: use trees, grass, grass mats, or mesh to stabilize dunes and prevent their spread; plant vegetative windbreaks to reduce soil erosion from wind; re-vegetate denuded areas to reduce soil erosion from runoff; take other conservation and prevention measures, such as more efficient use of fuel, improved dryland farming, and livestock improvement programs, to reduce crop and herd quantities and improve quality; vegetate areas around fields to prevent nutrient runoff from croplands; vegetate riparian areas to prevent erosion along stream banks, leaving 50-m-wide strips between waterways and croplands; collect agricultural wastewater from intensive livestock operations in holding lagoons; establishment of a funding mechanism based on the lucrative sectors such as meat, poultry; a recycling program based on the needs expressed and funded by a mechanism to study; a support program for the installation of all livestock farming professionals; and an accurate assessment of the need for professionals of all levels for a relevant distribution in areas of livestock farming.
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The development objective of the Jakarta Urgent Flood Mitigation Project for Indonesia is to contribute to the improvement of the operation and maintenance of priority sections of Jakarta’s flood management system.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) to coordinate government appratuses in Gambir district and Petojo Utara sub district in carrying out the process of resettlement of the Krukut Lama dredging project affected people (PAP); (2) to help the regional secretary coordinate mayors in performing the resettlement process; (3) to implement assistance in the process of resettlement of PAPs, either through relocation to Rusunawa which have been provided as well as other compensation options; (4) to provide health, education, and transport services; (5) to provide business recovery assistance; and (6) to help PAPs make emptying, demolition of structures, and guard land that has been acquired.
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The development objective of the Jakarta Urgent Flood Mitigation Project for Indonesia is to contribute to the improvement of the operation and maintenance of priority sections of Jakarta’s flood management system.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) to coordinate government appratuses in Gambir district and Petojo Utara sub district in carrying out the process of resettlement of the Krukut Lama dredging project affected people (PAP); (2) to help the regional secretary coordinate mayors in performing the resettlement process; (3) to implement assistance in the process of resettlement of PAPs, either through relocation to Rusunawa which have been provided as well as other compensation options; (4) to provide health, education, and transport services; (5) to provide business recovery assistance; and (6) to help PAPs make emptying, demolition of structures, and guard land that has been acquired.
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This paper examines the exposure, vulnerability, and ability of households in Colombo, Sri Lanka, to respond to floods, and brings out significant policy implications.
... See More + The study used detailed questionnaire-based surveys to obtain data on households, to understand the vulnerability and impacts of the severe floods of November 2010 and recurrent floods since then. Households that were selected for the surveys were located in and around flooding spots in the city. The study finds that the floods have imposed a significant burden on poor households. Poor and nonpoor households have suffered damages to the structure of their houses, household assets and appliances, and vehicles. With recurrent floods, they continue to bear the cost of damages as well as short-term measures to cope with floods. For poor families, these costs are borne through very limited resources and borrowing from informal sources, compared with the nonpoor who have more savings in financial form and greater access to formal sources of credit. Poor families tend to invest all their earnings in their home, furniture, and utensils, which suffer the most during floods. In addition, households suffer indirect impacts due to non-availability of transport, power, drinking water, food, and essential supplies. They also tend to lose workdays, which leads to loss of income and productivity. Many poor families have considered relocation to flood-free areas, but they lack the financial resources for the move. If the government offers such a scheme, many would be willing to take it up, if factors like job opportunities, clean surroundings, access to medical facilities, transportation, and good social networks are ensured in the new locations.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS8084 JUN 05, 2017
The development objective of the Jakarta Urgent Flood Mitigation Project for Indonesia is to contribute to the improvement of the operation and maintenance of priority sections of Jakarta’s flood management system.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) to coordinate government appratuses in Gambir district and Petojo Utara sub district in carrying out the process of resettlement of the Krukut Lama dredging project affected people (PAP); (2) to help the regional secretary coordinate mayors in performing the resettlement process; (3) to implement assistance in the process of resettlement of PAPs, either through relocation to Rusunawa which have been provided as well as other compensation options; (4) to provide health, education, and transport services; (5) to provide business recovery assistance; and (6) to help PAPs make emptying, demolition of structures, and guard land that has been acquired.
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The development objective of the Western China Road Project for Kazakhstan involves the rehabilitation, upgrading and substantial new construction of a ca. 330 km long road section which traverses a variety of environments and landscapes.
... See More + Negative impacts include: air pollution, noise pollution, water, drainage and flooding, soil and subsoil erosion and contamination, road safety, and wastage disposal. Mitigation measures include: ensuring that all construction vehicles and equipment are maintained in accordance with manufacturers’ recommendations; ensure that the transport of all potentially dusty materials is done in covered trucks or the material is contained in secure bags; all vehicles and equipment by the use of foam, rubber and other soundproofing materials, as well as through the use of hoods with multilayer coatings; ensure that Contractors either have modern equipment that fulfill noise reduction norms, or that equipment is retrofitted to meet the required standards; all depots, special working areas, batching or mixing plants should be located at a distance from residential or any other sensitive areas; all workers exposed to vibration should be given special clothing, earplugs and given regular breaks; The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining all permits required for the use of surface and groundwater resources from the district and competent authorities; all surface water courses in all construction are to be protected by settling ponds and filters; all transport and haulage vehicles using the road, including construction traffic, should use dust protection tarpaulin or other suitable cover; Contractors will undertake careful spatial planning regarding designation of specific sites to be occupied by construction process proper or various facililities(i.e. batching plants, crushing plants, construction camps) to prevent impact on flora and fauna in the area of construction.
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The development objective of the Increasing Resilience to Climate Change and Natural Hazards Project for Vanuatu is to help increase the resilience of communities in Vanuatu to the impacts of climate variability and change and natural hazards on food and water security as well as livelihoods.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (i) current market value of affected land in cash Agricultural compensation to be provided to the Land owner or through Government Trustee for future land owner claimant; (ii) cash payment for the interest on the loss of the profit from land use over the years remaining on the lease; (iii) for loss of structures - titleholders, replacement at the market cost; (iv) for loss of community or common property, temporary facilities will be provided between time of demolishing and rebuilding of replacement structure; (v) compensation for necessary losses during project period or period of loss; (vi) compensation for income loss during acquisition and resettlement process equal to replacement value of income, based on average from previous year; (vii) for loss of gardens, -compensation in cash at full market value for 1 annual harvest by default for impacts caused by use of additional area foreseen to be damaged due to making space for construction works, replacement cost of gardens or small structures damaged.
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On January 6, 2017, the Panel received a Request for Inspection of the Floods Emergency Recovery Project for Serbia, financed by an International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) loan.
... See More + The project supports work in several priority sectors, including energy, agriculture, and flood protection, that were affected by flooding occurring in May 2014. The Request specifically concerns works under component 3 of the project, which supports the rehabilitation of flood protection and drainage control infrastructure, and aims to reduce imminent risk of recurring floods by restoring and or improving the functioning of existing infrastructure. The Request raises concerns regarding the illegal action of taking over private properties in the city of Novi Pazar. The Requesters claim that their lands along the Raska river have been acquired by force for the project without any financial compensation, and that the authorities started construction activities without informing the residents. The Panel notes that, if new evidence becomes available, the Panel will be in a position to reassess the existence of a plausible link between a Bank-supported project and the alleged harm. Hence, in such a case, the affected people retain their right to re-submit a Request for Inspection concerning the issues raised.
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Inspection Panel Notice of Registration 115752 MAY 31, 2017
Predicting the onset of drought in Small Island States in the Pacific region – with an adequateunderstanding of antecedent conditions, current observations, and probabilities of near-term forecasts is a significant challenge for climate experts where resources are limited.
... See More + This results in a lack of actionable, early warning information that would allow for proper droughtpreparations to be activated. For example, there have been several recent cases in the Pacific region where communities have run out of potable drinking water during drought events, endangering lives and hampering recovery efforts. This has also meant that ad-hoc emergency supplies have had to be urgently organized, resulting in higher expenses and increased risk for citizens. A team at New Zealand’s National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) focused on working with national meteorological services in three Pacific countries – Fiji, Solomon Islands, andSamoa to provide open source drought risk monitoring and visualization tools to help overcome thischallenge. The goal was to provide climate services staff with the ability to be able to quickly generate improved drought information and policy input for national disaster management agencies and other partners, and to support the development and implementation of Drought Response Plans.
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Globally, Africa has the second highest number of disaster victims year over year. Whereas other continents show a steady decline, disaster victims in Africa are on the rise.
... See More + These increases can be attributed almost exclusively to floods and droughts. In early 2015, for example, Malawi was hit by severe floods of the Shire River, affecting more than a million people. In Mozambique, flooding the same year affected 160,000 people and killed 158. An estimated 65,000 hectares of crops were destroyed, placing more than 65,000 families at risk of food and income insecurity. Madagascar also received heavy rains in 2015; 25 people died, 4,800 houses were destroyed and 35,000 people were forced from their homes to seek refuge in higher areas. With proper planning and mitigation measurements, the number of people affected by these disasters could have been reduced. However, important flood information is often missing or incomplete in many regions of Africa that experience frequent heavy rainfall events, even while Earth Observation satellites are providing useful information. To help address this shortfall, the Dartmouth Flood Observatory (DFO) set out to createa set of digital products to provide decision-makers and local planners with accurate quantitative maps oflong-term flood risks.
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During disasters, efficient and effective risk identification is imperative to saving lives and livelihoods. Access to preliminary data of hazard impacts improves operational decision-making, saving critical time in response efforts.
... See More + Throughout Southeast Asia, however, this real-time data is often lacking in regions where disaster risk is highest. To help address this gap, the American Red Cross’ Global Disaster Preparedness Center (GDPC) developed a crowdsourcing enhancement for a popular mobile application to support data collection in the region, where there is strong demand for innovative solutions. A key aim was for users to play an active role in data collection and dissemination, as many look to smart devices for information during disasters. By self reporting hazard impacts in real time, citizens can now help ensure that vital data is communicated directlyto decision-makers to better enable rapid, well-informed response. Users are also directed to key messages on how to further prepare and act in case of a disaster. The project aimed to build capacity of both disaster management and on-the-ground users in order to improve the speed and accuracy of disaster assessments and responses, while also reducing cost. The project also sought to empower users to directly engage in the disaster risk reduction process, strengthening the feedback loop of risk identification.
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The objective of the Additional Financing for the Disaster Risk Management and Reconstruction Project for Haiti is to support the Recipient in improving disaster response capacity and enhancing the resiliency of critical transport infrastructure.
... See More + The Additional Financing (AF) will be financed by IDA’s Crisis Response Window (CRW), the first operation in a package of a US$100 million of support from the World Bank to help the Government of Haiti recover and rebuild after Hurricane Matthew, which struck the country on October 4, 2016. This event was described and the proposed Word Bank response outlined in the Crisis Window Response Paper circulated to Executive Directors on January 22, 2017 and considered at a technical briefing held on January 26, 2017. In this context, Management underlined that funding from ongoing projects was mobilized to respond to immediate needs in the affected areas and providing funding in the form of grants for the above-mentioned package, consisting of four additional financing operations in the Transport and Disaster Risk Management (DRM) sectors, the Health Sector, the Water Sector, and the Agricultural Sector to be financed from the Crisis Response Window. An estimated US$2.2 billion are needed for reconstruction and rehabilitation. The AF will significantly expand the scope and impact of the parent project by scaling up activities under all components of the project to support post-Hurricane Matthew recovery and reconstruction in the most affected departments of Haiti.
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The objective of the Southeast Asia Disaster Risk Management Project for Myanmar is to improve drainage services, and the structural performance of selected public facilities in Yangon, and enhance the capacity of the Government to facilitate disaster response.
... See More + There are five components to the project, the first component being strengthening financial planning for disaster resilience. Component one will increase the disaster resilience of Myanmar by enhancing the MoPF’s capacity to integrate disaster and climate resilience into budgets and sectoral investment planning and enhance the Government’s capacity to meet post-disaster funding needs. The second component is the Urban Flood Risk Management. Component two will help reduce flood risk by improving and increasing the capacity of drainage infrastructure in Yangon and introducing an integrated approach to flood risk management. The YCDC Engineering Department of Roads and Bridges (EDRB) will implement this component. The third component is the Safer Public Facilities and Critical Infrastructure. This component will reduce disaster risk in Yangon by: (a) retrofitting priority public facilities to ensure a targeted level of performance during a design-level earthquake,15 and (b) supporting risk assessments for lifeline infrastructure. The fourth component is the project management. Component four will support the day-to-day implementation of the project, and build institutional capacity to sustain the implementation capacities beyond the life of the project. It will cover project management, coordination, procurement, financial management (FM), technical and safeguards aspects, monitoring and evaluation (M&E), reporting, knowledge sharing, and exchange, as well as awareness building. Finally, the fifth component is the contingent emergency response component. This component will allow for a reallocation of credit proceeds from other components to provide emergency recovery and reconstruction support following an eligible crisis or emergency at the national or subnational level. In light of the project design, the contingent emergency response component will be expected to be operationalized through a reallocation from component one to provide emergency recovery and reconstruction support at the union-level, and from components two, three, and four to provide emergency recovery and reconstruction support at the Yangon Region level.
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The development objective of Emergency Drought Response and Recovery Project is to address the immediate needs of the drought affected people within the territory of the Federal Republic of Somalia, and support resilient recovery through the provision of livelihood opportunities and the restoration of agricultural and pastoral production.
... See More + This project has two components. 1) The first component, Programmatic Support to International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) for Immediate Drought Response, aims to support ICRC’s ongoing multidisciplinary response to immediate needs arising out of the country-wide impacts of the drought in Somalia. It has the following four subcomponents: (i) Meeting Urgent Food Security Needs; (ii) Improving Access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene; (iii) Improving Access to Healthcare and Nutrition; and (iv) Project Management. 2) The second component, Programmatic Support to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for Immediate Drought Response and Recovery, aims to support the FAO’s Drought Response and Famine Prevention Plan for 2017, with the objective of increasing immediate access to food, safeguarding livelihoods and assets, and supporting the sustainable recovery of agriculture, pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihood systems in target communities. It has the following five subcomponents: (i) Cash-for-Work for Immediate Food Needs and Water Infrastructure Rehabilitation; (ii) Emergency Cash and Agricultural Livelihood Support; (iii) Restoration of Pastoral Livelihoods; (iv) Strengthening Disaster Preparedness, Monitoring and Early Warning Systems; and (v) Project Management.
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The development objective of the Emergency Flood Disaster Reconstruction Project for Vietnam is to reconstruct and rehabilitate infrastructure assets in disaster affected project provinces and strengthen the capacity of the government to effectively respond to future disaster events.
... See More + The project comprises of three components. The first component, resilient reconstruction of damaged public use and preventive infrastructure at the provincial level objective is to strengthen resilience of flood‐affected communities in five selected provinces through the reconstruction and rehabilitation of damaged critical provincial‐scale infrastructure, especially irrigation, flood control, and road and bridge infrastructure. It consists of following sub-components: (i) resilient reconstruction in Binh Dinh province; (ii) resilient reconstruction in Phu Yen province; (iii) resilient reconstruction in Quang Ngai province; (iv) resilient reconstruction in Ninh Thuan province; and (v) resilient reconstruction in Ha Tinh province. The second component, disaster recovery capacity enhancement objective is to strengthen the institutional capacity of the government at the central and provincial levels to respond to future disasters. The third component, project management support objective is to support project management, safeguards, audits, and monitoring and evaluation (M and E).
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Metro Manila, the center of economy and trade in the Philippines and home to about 15 million people, has suffered recurrent flooding resulting in adverse consequences to people’s lives and the economy.
... See More + The effects of a changing climate, an increased frequency of stronger typhoons and storm rainfall, coupled with sea level rise, leads to a higher level of flood risk to Metro Manila. In 2009, Typhoon ‘Ondoy’ (internationally named ‘Ketsana’) caused substantial damage and losses, which according to the Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) was equivalent to about 2.7 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Normal business operations were hampered by access problems, power and water shortages, damaged machinery, and absent employees. Flooding has both short and long term effects on jobs, the economy and livelihoods. The Government of the Philippines, with the technical and financial support from the World Bank, prepared a Flood Management Master Plan for the Greater Metro Manila Area. The plan, approved by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Board on September 4, 2012, sets out priority structural and non-structural measures to facilitate sustainable flood management in the Metro Manila area. The total estimated cost for implementation of the Master Plan is up to PhP 352 billion (about US$7.0 billion) over a 20-25-year period. The Master Plan envisions three separate and distinct elements related to structural interventions: (1) flood protection works to reduce flooding from rivers that run through the city; (2) flood protection works along the floodplain surrounding Laguna de Bay; and (3) improvements to urban drainage capacity through modernization of existing pump stations, construction of new pump-stations serving flood-prone areas of an expanding Metro Manila, and cleaning of waterways and drainage channels that serve the pumping stations.
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Ratings for the Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts on the Coastal Wetlands in the Gulf of Mexico Project were as follows: outcomes were moderately satisfactory, the risk to global environment outcome was moderate, the Bank performance was moderately satisfactory, and the Borrower performance was also moderately satisfactory.
... See More + Some lessons learned included: interventions in geographic areas characterized by or subject to civil conflicts or other security risks, such as in Tamaulipas in the present case, should be carefully assessed before deciding to include them in project design. In short, given the deteriorating conditions in the country, due consideration needs to be given to security issues in project areas during preparation. Implementation of adaptation measures should be accompanied from the start by capacity building, both at the community level and within the various levels of public administration involved. However, it should be recognized that both capacity building and building local ownership of adaptation measures require time and resources that may not be adequately anticipated in the initial design of the interventions in question. Community strengthening and maintenance of infrastructure investments nevertheless should continue after the initial investment project ends. Monitoring and evaluation of climate change adaptation measures should be viewed as longer-term activities and should likewise continue after the initial project concludes. Undertaking a cost-benefit analysis of project investments to strengthen local adaptation to climate change as part of project evaluation activities represents a good practice that should be replicated elsewhere.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR4117 APR 28, 2017
Ratings for the Emergency Recovery and Disaster Management Project for Dominican Republic were as follows: outcomes were moderately satisfactory, risk to development outcome was moderate, Bank performance was moderately satisfactory, and Borrower performance was moderately satisfactory.
... See More + Some lessons learned included: weak institutional capacity and the large volume of activities involved in disaster reconstruction require exceptional effort from the Government of Dominican Republic (GoDR) and the Bank to support the client as well as adequate time and resources. When designing the implementation arrangements, careful consideration is required of the tradeoffs implied by the involvement of multiple implementing agencies in project execution. Even in the case of an emergency project designed to respond quickly to a government post disaster, due consideration should be given to data collection for monitoring and evaluation purposes, including impact evaluation and economic and financial assessments. While the focus is often placed on respective agencies’ role, preparedness, and response capacity - which are indeed critical and complex - the political and legal context should not be overlooked. Not all contracts are of strategic or financial interest for international civil works companies, and the chances of attracting such companies should be carefully weighed. Business as usual is not an option when an abnormal amount of work and specific skills are required under a short time-frame, for example, in a post-disaster context. Cutting-edge technology and capacity in early warning systems and the forecasting of disaster impacts are necessary but not sufficient tools to prevent or mitigate the impact of disaster.
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Implementation Completion and Results Report ICR3970 APR 22, 2017
Index insurance is commonly perceived to be complicated and difficult to evaluate. This is one reason index insurance products have not yet achieved high penetration in developing countries, despite their clear potential to improve the risk management options for vulnerable populations.
... See More + This guide attempts to close the knowledge gap to grow this important market and provide protection to more low-income customers. A central goal of this guide is to promote clear communication of the features of products developed to facilitate informed decision making by new and existing buyers of index-based insurance products, insurers, reinsurers, regulators charged with approving new products, and other affected stakeholders. As such, it supports actuaries and other professionals involved in designing and pricing index-based insurance products in following the principles outlined in the Actuaries’ Code of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries, United Kingdom. This book is arranged as follows: (i) Part one of this guide provides a summary of the insights and decisions required for the insurer to make an informed decision to launch and expand an index insurance business line; and (ii) Part two of this guide provides a step-by-step guide to calculating the decision metrics used by the insurance manager in part 1.
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