The development objective of the South East Asia Disaster Risk Management (SEA DRM) Project for Lao People's Democratic Republic is to reduce the risk of flooding and enhance disaster risk financing capacity within the Lower Mekong Sub-region.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are included : (i) collection of primary data is paramount, as secondary data is usually not up-to-date; (ii) involvement of local people in a participatory community-based impact analysis is important to ensure that vulnerable people, including ethnic groups, are not excluded from the decision-making related to the new development; (iii) inclusion of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) awareness training is important in public awareness messaging; (iv) provision of information and messages in local people’s own language is important and the facilitator who explains the project should be speaking the local language; (v) measures to ensure that the affected ethnic groups receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate; (vi) measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse effects; (vii) grievance redress mechanisms accessible to the affected ethnic groups; (viii) assess the adequacy and feasibility of safeguard measures and documents. (ix) ensure inclusion and review of environmental and social safeguard issues and outcomes in mid-term and final sub-project evaluation and reporting, including concerning any lessons learned on the sustainability of each sub-project.
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The CAT‐DDO is designed to provide timely liquidity to a country facing a natural catastrophe and has been successfully deployed for seismic and hydro‐meteorological events.
... See More + Since the introduction of the CAT‐DDO in 2008, 12 operations have been approved, of which 6 remain undrawn, and 2 were partially drawn. The CAT‐DDO option can also be utilized for public health‐related shocks. Given the economic and social disruption that countries have recently faced due to health‐related shocks, and the likelihood that these might become more frequent, it would be beneficial to utilize the CAT‐DDO to combat public health‐related emergencies. CAT‐DDOs should be able to provide liquidity not only when an outbreak escalates to an emergency situation but also at an early stage to prevent an escalation. To ensure timely support for disease outbreaks additional liquidity may be needed at an early stage, to save lives and costs. As highlighted during the development of the Pandemic Emergency Financing facility (PEF), a country’s liquidity needs and the overall costs of a health emergency can dramatically increase the longer it takes to mount a substantial and comprehensive response. Drawdown triggers for the CAT‐DDO would thus need to be appropriately defined to cover both emergency situations and early stage interventions. Ideally the trigger would be located within a country’s own health emergency response system. In some cases, such as Costa Rica and Sri Lanka, national laws relating to disaster risk management already incorporate health related events, for which an emergency can be declared. As the CAT‐DDO provides budget support, the trigger would need to provide the authorizing environment to utilize public funds to combat the outbreak. The CAT‐DDO can usefully complement efforts to enhance health related preparedness as well as scale‐up support for health emergencies. The policy and institutional measures to strengthen preparedness and response, as well appropriate drawdown triggers, can be accommodated under the existing OP 8.60.
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The development objective of the Social Management Framework for the South East Asia Disaster Risk Management (SEA DRM) Project for Lao People's Democratic Republic is to reduce the risk of flooding and enhance disaster risk financing capacity within the Lower Mekong Sub-region.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation mesures are included : (i) disasters increase women’s household and care-giving work dramatically for an extended period of time as housing and social infrastructure once destroyed is slowly replaced; (ii) promote appropriate labor-saving technologies for women and men, with special attention to reducing the drudgery of women for care-related tasks; (iii) men are exposed to different risks than women; Young boys have higher morbidity rates from poor hygiene, and migrating men are more exposed to infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Men’s mortality rates from motorized transport are higher; (iv) enhance the disaster-preparedness of public health services, including staff training, establishing stocks of essential medicines and bottled water, and developing public information systems; (v) limited health and transport infrastructure make women and children more vulnerable to access to care; (vi) lower educational levels limit access to health information; (vii) establish monitoring and information systems to monitor diseases and provide early warnings about disasters can help to improve resilience by influencing behavior; (viii) women and girls from vulnerable groups (the poor, ethnic minorities) living in remote cross-border locations are at a significantly higher risk of HIV infection; (ix) implement public awareness and education campaigns, targeted at and tailored for construction workplaces, entertainment establishments, transport corridors, and at-risk local communities; (x) Gender-based Violence (GBV) can be a major issue following disasters; there is evidence that violence against women, both from their intimate partners and other men, tends to increase; (xi) ensure that evacuation shelters and emergency housing are equally accessible to both women and men, and that women have adequate privacy and security; (xii) women are often marginalized or excluded from the decisions made throughout the disaster management cycle and the relevant policies; (xiii) engage women in disaster risk management and recovery decision-making; (xiii) possible pollution of water ways or ground water by petroleum products or solvents; (xiv) dust generated from civil work and transport of construction materials; (xv) possible pollution of water ways by solids; (xvi) quarries and borrow pits can have impacts on soils, water and the natural environment; (xvii) road accidents due to in adequate control of vehicle speeds and signs/signals;
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The development objective of the Social Management Framework for the South East Asia Disaster Risk Management (SEA DRM) Project for Lao People's Democratic Republic is to reduce the risk of flooding and enhance disaster risk financing capacity within the Lower Mekong Sub-region.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation mesures are included : (i) disasters increase women’s household and care-giving work dramatically for an extended period of time as housing and social infrastructure once destroyed is slowly replaced; (ii) promote appropriate labor-saving technologies for women and men, with special attention to reducing the drudgery of women for care-related tasks; (iii) men are exposed to different risks than women; Young boys have higher morbidity rates from poor hygiene, and migrating men are more exposed to infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Men’s mortality rates from motorized transport are higher; (iv) enhance the disaster-preparedness of public health services, including staff training, establishing stocks of essential medicines and bottled water, and developing public information systems; (v) limited health and transport infrastructure make women and children more vulnerable to access to care; (vi) lower educational levels limit access to health information; (vii) establish monitoring and information systems to monitor diseases and provide early warnings about disasters can help to improve resilience by influencing behavior; (viii) women and girls from vulnerable groups (the poor, ethnic minorities) living in remote cross-border locations are at a significantly higher risk of HIV infection; (ix) implement public awareness and education campaigns, targeted at and tailored for construction workplaces, entertainment establishments, transport corridors, and at-risk local communities; (x) Gender-based Violence (GBV) can be a major issue following disasters; there is evidence that violence against women, both from their intimate partners and other men, tends to increase; (xi) ensure that evacuation shelters and emergency housing are equally accessible to both women and men, and that women have adequate privacy and security; (xii) women are often marginalized or excluded from the decisions made throughout the disaster management cycle and the relevant policies; (xiii) engage women in disaster risk management and recovery decision-making; (xiii) possible pollution of water ways or ground water by petroleum products or solvents; (xiv) dust generated from civil work and transport of construction materials; (xv) possible pollution of water ways by solids; (xvi) quarries and borrow pits can have impacts on soils, water and the natural environment; (xvii) road accidents due to in adequate control of vehicle speeds and signs/signals;
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The development objective of the South East Asia Disaster Risk Management (SEA DRM) Project for Lao People's Democratic Republic is to reduce the risk of flooding and enhance disaster risk financing capacity within the Lower Mekong Sub-region.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures are included : (i) collection of primary data is paramount, as secondary data is usually not up-to-date; (ii) involvement of local people in a participatory community-based impact analysis is important to ensure that vulnerable people, including ethnic groups, are not excluded from the decision-making related to the new development; (iii) inclusion of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) awareness training is important in public awareness messaging; (iv) provision of information and messages in local people’s own language is important and the facilitator who explains the project should be speaking the local language; (v) measures to ensure that the affected ethnic groups receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate; (vi) measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse effects; (vii) grievance redress mechanisms accessible to the affected ethnic groups; (viii) assess the adequacy and feasibility of safeguard measures and documents. (ix) ensure inclusion and review of environmental and social safeguard issues and outcomes in mid-term and final sub-project evaluation and reporting, including concerning any lessons learned on the sustainability of each sub-project.
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The development objective of South East Asia Disaster Risk Management Project for Lao People's Democratic Republic is to help reduce the risk of flooding and enhance disaster risk financing capacity within the Southeast Asia region.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (i) watering of active construction work areas to minimize dust emissions during construction; (ii) during construction, the use of noise barriers in sensitive areas and controlling hours of work are effective noise mitigation measures; (iii) during rain events can contain high concentrations of sediment and possibly other pollutants (e.g., hydrocarbons, heavy metals, etc.); (iv) standard operating practices outlined in the Environment Code of Practice (ECoP) should be implemented to contain and treat runoff from the construction site; and (iv) procedures for on-site management and off-site disposal need to be addressed in the ECoP.
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The development objective of South East Asia Disaster Risk Management Project for Lao People's Democratic Republic is to help reduce the risk of flooding and enhance disaster risk financing capacity within the Southeast Asia region.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: ( i) in case of productive land, for marginal loss of 10 percent of land, cash compensation at replacement cost which is equivalent to the current market value of land within the village, of similar type, category and productive capacity, free from transaction costs (taxes, administration fees), or Replacement land of similar type, category and productive capacity of land within or nearby the village, with land title; (ii ) with remaining land sufficient to rebuild houses or structures: (a) cash compensation at replacement cost which is equivalent to the current market value of land of similar type and category, and free from transaction costs (taxes, administration fees) and (b) district government to improve remaining residential land at no cost to Project Affected People/ Project Affected Households (PAP/PAH) (e.g., filling and leveling) so PAP/PAH can move back onto a plot; (iii) in case of Fishpond owner, if the currently held fish stocks will not be harvested before the project takes possession of the fishpond, then cash compensation for the projected mature value of fish stock held at the time of compensation; (iv) if standing annual crops are ripening and cannot be harvested, cash compensation at replacement cost equivalent to the highest production of crop over the last three years multiplied by the current market value of crops for the owners of crops and trees whether or not land is owned; (v) compensation at replacement cost for present or existing structures based on its present value to villagers or village households; (vi) cash compensation for Electricity Companies for the cost to dismantle, transfer and rebuild; (vii) for businesses (shops) cash compensation equivalent to the daily wage rate multiplied by the number of days of business disruption; and (viii) relocating PAP/PAH without any impact on business or source of incomes will be provided with cash or in-kind assistance equivalent to 16 kilograms of rice at current market value for three months per household member.
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The development objective of South East Asia Disaster Risk Management Project for Lao People's Democratic Republic is to help reduce the risk of flooding and enhance disaster risk financing capacity within the Southeast Asia region.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (i) watering of active construction work areas to minimize dust emissions during construction; (ii) during construction, the use of noise barriers in sensitive areas and controlling hours of work are effective noise mitigation measures; (iii) during rain events can contain high concentrations of sediment and possibly other pollutants (e.g., hydrocarbons, heavy metals, etc.); (iv) standard operating practices outlined in the Environment Code of Practice (ECoP) should be implemented to contain and treat runoff from the construction site; and (iv) procedures for on-site management and off-site disposal need to be addressed in the ECoP.
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The development objective of South East Asia Disaster Risk Management Project for Lao People's Democratic Republic is to help reduce the risk of flooding and enhance disaster risk financing capacity within the Southeast Asia region.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: ( i) in case of productive land, for marginal loss of 10 percent of land, cash compensation at replacement cost which is equivalent to the current market value of land within the village, of similar type, category and productive capacity, free from transaction costs (taxes, administration fees), or Replacement land of similar type, category and productive capacity of land within or nearby the village, with land title; (ii ) with remaining land sufficient to rebuild houses or structures: (a) cash compensation at replacement cost which is equivalent to the current market value of land of similar type and category, and free from transaction costs (taxes, administration fees) and (b) district government to improve remaining residential land at no cost to Project Affected People/ Project Affected Households (PAP/PAH) (e.g., filling and leveling) so PAP/PAH can move back onto a plot; (iii) in case of Fishpond owner, if the currently held fish stocks will not be harvested before the project takes possession of the fishpond, then cash compensation for the projected mature value of fish stock held at the time of compensation; (iv) if standing annual crops are ripening and cannot be harvested, cash compensation at replacement cost equivalent to the highest production of crop over the last three years multiplied by the current market value of crops for the owners of crops and trees whether or not land is owned; (v) compensation at replacement cost for present or existing structures based on its present value to villagers or village households; (vi) cash compensation for Electricity Companies for the cost to dismantle, transfer and rebuild; (vii) for businesses (shops) cash compensation equivalent to the daily wage rate multiplied by the number of days of business disruption; and (viii) relocating PAP/PAH without any impact on business or source of incomes will be provided with cash or in-kind assistance equivalent to 16 kilograms of rice at current market value for three months per household member.
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Los desastres asociados al impacto de eventos naturales presentan un gran reto para la estabilidad económica y la sostenibilidad fiscal del Perú.
... See More + El Perú se encuentra expuesto a diferentes riesgos geológicos e hidrometeorológicos dada su ubicación y características geográficas, sociales y económicas. Para fortalecer la gestión de los riesgos contingentes fiscales que podrían provenir de desastres naturales y preservar la estabilidad macroeconómica y la sostenibilidad de la política fiscal ante este tipo de eventos, el MEF ha definido seis líneas estratégicas de acción prioritarias para evaluar, reducir y gestionar el riesgo fiscal debido a la ocurrencia de desastres. El objetivo del MEF es mejorar la capacidad del GdP para responder ante la ocurrencia de desastres y gestionar de manera óptima los riesgos fiscales que se podrían presentar ante la materialización del riesgo por la ocurrencia de un desastre asociado a peligros naturales. La capacidad de respuesta financiera del gobierno en caso de ocurrencia de un desastre se fortalecerá desarrollando actividades en cada una de estas seis líneas estratégicas de acción, y a su vez se mitigarán los posibles impactos fiscales de largo plazo.
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Climate change has considerably increased the likelihood of experiencing extreme weather events. Governments in developing countries have a limited capacity to smooth the losses created by extreme weather, and could potentially benefit from the introduction of disaster funds, that is, ex-ante budgeting allocations for post-disaster reconstruction.
... See More + So far the implementation of disaster funds has been limited, in part because it is still unclear whether disaster funds provide a cost-effective way of coping with these losses. By taking advantage of the sharp rules that govern the municipal-level eligibility for reconstruction funds in Mexico, this paper provides some of the first estimates of the impact of disaster funds on local economic activity. The main finding is that access to disaster funding boosts local economic activity between 2 and 4 percent in the year following the disaster. Another finding is that the positive impact of disaster funds on local economic recovery can persist for as long as a year and a half after the disaster. Consistent with these findings, we additionally show that access to disaster funding leads to a large and sustained 76 percent increase in the growth of local construction employment. This labor market impact slightly precedes the overall increase in local economic activity.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS7714 JUN 21, 2016
De Janvry,Alain F.; del Valle,Alejandro; Sadoulet,Elisabeth Marie L.Disclosed
The development objective of Emergency Operation for Development Project (EODP) for Iraq is to support the country in the reconstruction of damaged infrastructure and the restoration of public services delivery in Targeted Municipal Areas.
... See More + Some of the negative impacts include : (i) emission of pollutants from engines of construction machinery and equipment; (ii) noise emission from engines of construction machinery and equipment; (iii) soil or subsoil contamination due to accidental spills and leaks from construction equipment; (iv) solid wastes from construction camps or offices; (v) improper disposal of debris or construction wastes on river banks; (vi) pollution of rivers or waterways may negatively affect the aquatic ecosystem; (vii) during rehabilitation, sites or structures of cultural significance may be negatively affected from construction works; (viii) land acquisition or obstructing access to amenities due to construction or rehabilitation activities; (ix) traffic impacts due road blockages for construction purposes and detours; and (x) falling into trenches.
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In the past decades, natural disasters have caused substantial human and economic losses in Central America, with strong adverse impacts on gross domestic product per capita, income, and poverty reduction.
... See More + This study provides a regional perspective on the impact of hurricane windstorms on socioeconomic measures in the short term. Apart from modeling the socioeconomic impact at the macro and micro levels, the study incorporates and juxtaposes data from a hurricane windstorm model categorizing three hurricane damage indexes, which lends a higher level of detail, nuance, and therefore accuracy and comprehensiveness to the study. One standard deviation in the intensity of a hurricane windstorm leads to a decrease in growth of total per capita gross domestic product of between 0.9 and 1.6 percent, and a decrease in total income and labor income by 3 percent, which in turn increases moderate and extreme poverty by 1.5 percentage points. These results demonstrate the causal relationship between hurricane windstorm impacts and poverty in Central America, producing regional evidence that could improve targeting of disaster risk management policies toward those most impacted and thus whose needs are greatest.
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Policy Research Working Paper WPS7692 JUN 01, 2016
Ishizawa Escudero,Oscar Anil; Miranda Montero,Juan JoseDisclosed
Iraq is facing daunting challenges of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) insurgency, political upheaval, and profound economic and humanitarian crises.
... See More + Compounding the ISIS-related crisis, the sharp decline in global oil prices has resulted in significant decline in oil export revenues. Implementation of political reforms, announced in August 2015, has been slow due to constitutional constraints and systemic resistance to changes. Iraq’s economic prospects are subject to significant risks. Iraq has recently achieved some important steps towards strengthening its investment climate, but much remains to be done. An attractive investment climate is integral to economic growth and poverty reduction. A key task of the government is to balance the interests of society and individual firms. A stronger investment climate does not equate with a more comfortable life for individual firms. The government must manage these trade-offs: global analysis of the World Bank’s investment climate surveys shows that firms facing strong competition are on average fifty percent more likely to innovate than firms reporting no such pressure. Innovation, in turn, is a key ingredient for productivity improvement. The special focus section explores the different aspects of the investment climate in order to better understand their importance. With this background, the authors then look at Iraq’s investment climate and recent efforts to strengthen it. Finally, the authors look at priorities for improving Iraq’s investment climate going forward.
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Working Paper 108102 JUN 01, 2016
Nishiuchi,Toru; Le Borgne,Eric; Kouame,Auguste TanoDisclosed
The development objective of the Flood Risk Management Support Project for the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires for Argentina is to strengthen the autonomous city of Buenos Aires (CABA) to efficiently manage flood risk and improve the drainage systems in the Cildanez basin, Maldonado basin, and Vega basin.
... See More + The project comprises of three components. 1) The first component, institutional development for flood risk management will support the creation of a modern and sustainable framework for flood risk management within CABA. It consists of four sub-components: (i) hydrometeorological observation, surveillance, and alert system; (ii) flood risk financing and protection scheme; (iii) flood risk social communication and education; and (iv) capacity building for flood risk management. 2) The second component, flood mitigation infrastructure will finance priority flood mitigation infrastructure in the Cildanez, Maldonado, and Vega basins. It consists of three sub-components: (i) Cildabez Stream basin; (ii) Maldonado Stream basin; and (iii) Vega Stream basin. 3) The third component, project management will include: (i) the provision of support for the management of the project, including the financing of audits, the monitoring and evaluation (M and E) of the project, the provision of technical assistance, training, and operating costs; and (ii) the development and implementation of a comprehensive baseline data collection and post project data collection and analysis to allow the M and E of the project results and impacts.
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