Andhra Pradesh Road Sector Project The Louis Berger Group, Inc. Feasibility Study, Design and Detailed Engineering EXECUTIVE SUMMARY E2067 v8 A.1 BACKGROUND APRDC has planned to improve the State road network by providing better quality and safer roads to the users in sustainable manner with loan assistance from World Bank. Improved quality of roads, better institutional operation and management system of APRDC and safe roads are important features of the project component. In this connection RDC has selected 38 corridors (cumulative length of 2002 km) of high-density (traffic) roads through Strategic Option Study (SOS) to be developed in phased manner. A.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSIGNMENT The main objective would be to alleviate the current unsafe and congested conditions of the road network connecting the villages and towns by providing better quality and safe roads to the users in a sustainable and environment friendly manner. Government of India, GoI through Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) enforces Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 for environmental protection because of intervention of new projects or activities, or on expansion and modernization of existing projects or activity based on their environmental impacts. A.3 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (EA) The environmental assessment scope includes screening and scoping, environmental assessment and environmental management plans for the individual project roads as required. The EA process also envisages to develop a comprehensive environmental management frame work for the entire project which will adopted as part of the corporate environmental policy for AP Road Development Corporation. A.4 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ROAD The project road Kakinada – Rajahmundry (KR) road, is a part of SH-78 in the Andhra region of Andhra Pradesh. The KR road starts at km 0/0 in Kakinada, in East Godavari district and runs north-west direction to Samalkota (project road has an overlap for a length of 3.3km with SH-148) and again from Samalkota runs south west direction to terminate at km61/6 in Rajahmundry (Junction with NH5 at km 60/1) near Dawleswaram barrage. Cumulative length of KR road is 61.6km and serves as an important link between Kakinada Port and NH5. The project road is very close to the Samalkota canal and it appears that the PR serves like a inspection road to Samalkota canal. The project road is proposed for improvement from existing 2L to 4 L in HS-01 (km 0.0 to km 16.0) and remaining section HS-02 (km 16.0 to km 60.1) is proposed for improvement from existing 2L to 2 L+PS, with no major realignments. Sufficient land width is available in the HS -01 section for four laning, except some additional land is required for the bypass (length 3.1km) and minor realignments. Similarly for HS-02 NO additional land width is required as the proposed improvement is limited to 1.5 m paved shoulder and 1 m earthen shoulder on either side of the existing pavement. Hence the total land acquisition required for the project road upgradation is 14.25 Hectares, on an average 2.5m width all along the project road, well below 20m (Above 20 m the project requires the MoEF Clearance), hence NO MoEF clearance is required. A.5 KEY ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS Table 1 presents the environmental regulations and legislations relevant to AP state road project. Table 1: Environmental Regulations and Legislations SR. Applicable Act / Rules Purpose Reason for Applicability Authority No Yes/ No As all environmental MoEF. Gol; DoE, Environment To protect and improve notifications, rules and 1 Yes State Gov. CPCB; Protection Act-1986 overall environment schedules are issued under this SPCB act. Detailed Project Report, Environmental Impact Assessment & Environmental Management Plan Page - 1 Andhra Pradesh Road Sector Project The Louis Berger Group, Inc. Feasibility Study, Design and Detailed Engineering SR. Applicable Act / Rules Purpose Reason for Applicability Authority No Yes/ No To provide environmental This notification is NOT Environmental Impact clearance to new NO applicable to Project road, as 2 Assessment Notification development activities MoEF. EIAA 4th April, 2011 following environmental this is an up-gradation of impact assessment existing state highway. Reuse large quantity of fly ash discharged from Notification for use of No thermal plant within 100km 3 thermal power plant to NO fly ash reaches. minimize land use for disposal Coastal Regulation Protection of fragile Road is not located along 4 Zone(CRZ) Notification NO coastal belt coastal belt 1991 (2002) National Environment Address Grievances Grievances if any will be dealt 5 Appellate Authority Act regarding the process of Yes NEAA with, within this act. (NEAA) 1997 environmental clearance. This act will be applicable to as Set out rule for there will be acquisition of land Revenue The Land Acquisition 6 acquisition. of land by Yes for widening, geometric Department State Act 1894 & 1989 government improvements and Government. realignments. MoEF Circular on Not applicable as per Defining “marginal land’ Marginal Land Environmental Impact 7 acquisition relating to the NO MoEF Acquisition and Bypasses Assessment Notification 1997 Notification 1999 14th Sep-2006 The Forest (Conservation) Act 1927 To check deforestation Forest The Forest by restricting conversion 8 NO NO forest area. Department, (Conservation) Act. 1980 of forested areas into GoAP forest (conversion ) Rules non- forested areas 1981 MoEF circular (1998) on linear Plantation on Protection / planting roadside, canals and roadside strip as Roadside tree plantation in railway lines modifying 9 avenue/strip plantations NO Andhra Pradesh does not come MoEF the applicability of as these are declared under the forest act. provisions of forest protected forest areas. (Conversation) Act, to linear Plantation To protect wildlife Chief Conservator This act is not applicable to as Wild Life Protection through certain of Wildlife, Wildlife 10 NO there are NO points of wildlife Act 1972 National Parks and Wing, Forest crossing along project corridor. Sanctuaries Department, GoAP To control air pollution by This act will be applicable & Transport controlling during construction; for Air (Prevention and emission of air obtaining NOC for 11 Control of Pollution) Yes SPCB Department. Pollutants as establishment of hot mix plant, Act, 1981 per the prescribed workers' camp, construction standards. camp, etc. To control water This act will be applicable during Water Prevention and pollution by controlling construction for (establishments 12 Control of Pollution) discharge of pollutants as Yes SPCB of hot mix plant, construction Act1974 per the prescribed camp, workers' camp, etc. standards This act will be applicable as The standards for noise for vehicular noise on project Noise Pollution day and night have been routes required to assess for 13 (Regulation and Yes SPCB promulgated by the MoEF future years and necessary Control Act) 1990 for various land uses. protection measure need to be considered in design. Archaeological Dept Gol, Indian Ancient Monuments This act not applicable as the Conservation of cultural Heritage Society and and Archaeological project route is not close to any 14 and historical remains NO Indian National Sites and Remains Ancient Monument, declared found in India Trust for Art and Act1958 protected under the act. Culture Heritage (INTACH). Protection form Contractor need to stock Public Liability and 15 hazardous materials and Yes hazardous material like diesel, SPCB Insurance Act 1991 accidents. Bitumen, Emulsions etc. Safe transportation, For transporting and storing Chief Controller 16 Explosive Act 1984 storage and use of Yes diesel, bitumen etc. of Explosives explosive material Detailed Project Report, Environmental Impact Assessment & Environmental Management Plan Page - 2 Andhra Pradesh Road Sector Project The Louis Berger Group, Inc. Feasibility Study, Design and Detailed Engineering SR. Applicable Act / Rules Purpose Reason for Applicability Authority No Yes/ No Minor Mineral and Regulate use of minor minerals 17 For opening new quarry. Yes District Collector concession Rules like stone, soil, river sand etc. Central Motor Vehicle This rule will be applicable to To check vehicular air Motor Vehicle 18 Act 1988 and Central Yes road users and construction and noise pollution. Department Motor Vehicle Rules1989 Machinery. To maintain ecological National Forest This policy will not be stability through Forest Policy1952 applicable as NO eco sensitive 19 preservation and NO Department, Gol National Forest feature exists along the project restoration of biological and GoAP Policy(Revised) 1988 corridor. diversity. The construction of project The mining act has been road will require aggregates. Department of 20 The Mining Act notified for safe and Yes These will be procured through mining, GoAP sound mining activity. mining from riverbeds and quarries On the basis of data and information collected during field survey and discussion with local expert and visualise potential associated impact, consultant has categorised this project as category-B, which requires a lesser level of environmental investigation. A.6 BASE LINE ENVIRONMENT Data was collected from secondary sources for the macro-environmental setting like climate, physiography (Geology and slope), biological and socio-economic environment within Project Influence Area, PIU/ Project District, PD. First hand information have been collected to record the micro-environmental features within Corridor of Impact, CoI. Collection of first hand (Primary) information includes preparation of base maps, extrapolating environmental features on proposed road design, tree enumeration, location and measurement of socio-cultural features abutting project road. A.7 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION Consultative procedure, since the inception of the project, has been continued during pre-feasibility, feasibility, Environmental Assessment and Management Plan preparation stage. Considering the fact that involving local communities in the project planning is basis of the participatory planning, often suggestion and option given by the people improves technical and economic efficiency of the project and suggested improvements proposals (if adopted by the project) of the people also generates sense of ownership within communities thus eases implementation process. A.8 INFORMATION DISSEMINATION  While conducting tree enumeration and inventory of road side environmental features (hot spots), the consultant has also conducted information dissemination by one to one campaigning about proposed improvement,  Potential project affected families were consulted to inform them about proposed road improvement program and possible environmental conflict such as tree cutting, relocation of hand pumps,  Pictorial Methods were adopted to explain proposed improvement and possible environmental impacts in the concerned villages,  Information dissemination through pumhlet / Khadapatralu among the villagers explaining proposed road improvement. A.9 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES The entire length of the project road has very typical kind of restrictions from both sides, LHS and RHS. On LHS, all through canal runs parallel to project road and on RHS railway track runs parallel to road for around 30% length of it. Since on LHS canal is there, all built-up sections have been developed on the RHS of the Road, rather between railway track and project road. There are four locations where project road passes through congested area: Detailed Project Report, Environmental Impact Assessment & Environmental Management Plan Page - 3 Andhra Pradesh Road Sector Project The Louis Berger Group, Inc. Feasibility Study, Design and Detailed Engineering 1. Samalkota (km 14/0 to km 15/0) 2. Anaparthi (km 41/0 to km 42/0) 3. Kesavaram (km 49/0 to km 50/0) 4. Kadiyam (km 56/5 to km 57/0) At all four locations, project road is located between canal and railway track. Owing to this lateral confinement, no bypass or major realignment is proposed except at Samalkota town. A.10 POTENTIAL IMPACT Table 2 below presents the general environmental impacts expected due to the proposed upgradation of the project road. Impacts have been assessed based on the first hand information collected from the screening & scoping of environmental attributes. The quanta of all the impacts on Natural Environment are analyzed in detail. Table 2: General Impacts on Natural Environment Planning Indirect effects Project and De- Road Opera- of operation or Pre-construction Phase Construction Phase Activity sign tion Induced de- Phase velopment Vehicle & Sanitation Env. com- Removal Removal of Earth works in- Asphalt & Land ac- Laying of Machine op- & Waste Vehicle ponent Af- of trees and cluding quarry- crusher quisition pavement eration & (labour operation fected Structures vegetation ing plants maintenance campus) Reduced Dust gen- buffering of Noise, soot, eration air and noise Asphalt Noise, dust, Odour / Noise, dust, Air Dust generation odour, dust, other pollution during dis- pollution, odour pollution smoke pollution pollution mantling Hotter, drier microclimate Contamina- Contamina- Contami- Loss of Erosion and Spill from ac- Generation Erosion and loss tion by fuel tion Com- nation Change in crop- Land produc- loss of top cidents Depo- of debris of top soil and lubricants paction of from ping pattern tive Land soil sition of lead Compaction soil wastes Alteration of drainage Contami- Spill Contami- Reduction Contamina- Loss of Siltation Siltation due Break in conti- Contamina- nation nation by fuel, Increased con- of ground tion by as- Water water due to to loose nuity of ditches tion by fuel from lubricants and tamination of water re- phalt leakage sources loose earth earth Siltation, and lubricants wastes washing of ve- ground water charge area or fuel Stagnant water Overuse hicles pools in quarries. Noise Pol- Noise Pol- Noise pollu- Noise Pollu- Noise Pollu- Noise lution due to Noise Pollution Noise pollution lution tion tion tion machinery Impact of pollution on Lowered pro- Lower pro- Felling vegetation Loss of ductivity Removal of ductivity Flora trees for Lowered pro- Biomass Loss of ground vegetation Use as fuel fuel ductivity for vegetation wood Toxicity of vegetation. Disturbance Collision with Distorted habi- Fauna Disturbance Disturbance Disturbance Poaching Habitat loss traffic tat A.11 AVOIDANCE, MITIGATION & ENHANCEMENT Prevention or avoidance of impact is better than mitigation of impact. Hence avoidance and reduction of adverse impacts approaches were adopted during the design stage through continued interaction between the design and environmental teams. This is reflected in the designs of the horizontal & vertical alignment, cross sections adopted, construction methods and construction materials. In-depth site investigations have been carried out so that sensitive environmental resources are effectively avoided, leading to the environmentally best-fit alignment option. As a Detailed Project Report, Environmental Impact Assessment & Environmental Management Plan Page - 4 Andhra Pradesh Road Sector Project The Louis Berger Group, Inc. Feasibility Study, Design and Detailed Engineering result many of the trees, cultural properties, water bodies etc. have been avoided at the design stage itself, as presented in Table 3 below. Table 3: Environmental features saved through Avoidance measure at design stage Under Direct Saved through Environmental Features Potential Impact Impact alignment design Trees (nos.) 5732 4162 1570 Surface Water source 4 2 2 Ground Water source 8 3 5 Schools and Hospitals 14 2 12 Sensitive Cultural Properties 67 29 38 Bus Shelters 19 5 14 A.12 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Environmental Management Plan (EMP) deals with the implementation procedure of the guidelines and measures recommended to avoid, minimize and mitigate environmental impacts of the project. It also includes management of measures suggested for enhancement of the environmental quality along the highways. The institutional arrangement made under project will look into the implementation of project as well as EMP and the various legal settings applicable to the project are briefly stated in chapter 3. The avoidance, mitigation & enhancement measures for protection of the environment along highways have been discussed in detail in previous chapter. Although the social environmental impacts, its mitigation and management is an essential component of the EMP, this chapter excludes it for the purpose of clarity and procedural requirements. Social environmental elements have been separately dealt in separate volume namely, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Action Plan (RAP). A.13 OBJECTIVE OF EMP The EMP is a plan of action for mitigation / management / avoidance of the negative impacts of the project and enhancement of the project corridor. For each measure to be taken, its location, timeframe, implementation and overseeing / supervision responsibilities are listed. These components of the EMP have been given in Chapter 9 which explains the environmental issues and the avoidance/ mitigation/ minimization or enhancement measures adopted and/or to be adopted during different phases of the project. It also provide the references for the suggested measures, responsible agency for its implementation/ management as well as its timeframe. A.14 COST ESTIMATES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Mitigation measures proposed in the EMP will be implemented by the Contractor. The works to be undertaken by the Contractor have been quantified and the quantities included in the respective BOQ items such as earth works, slope protection, noise barriers, road safety features, and shrub plantation. Provisional quantities have also been included for additional measures that may be identified during construction and for silt fencing which will depend on the Contractors work methods and site locations. Items and quantities have also been included for enhancement measures. More general environmental management measures to be followed by the contractor have been included in the specifications and this EMP. These cannot be quantified and are to be included in the contract rates. A total of Rs. 74,15,000 lacks has been allocated for the environmental management for the Project road. Detailed Project Report, Environmental Impact Assessment & Environmental Management Plan Page - 5 Andhra Pradesh Road Sector Project The Louis Berger Group, Inc. Feasibility Study, Design and Detailed Engineering A.15 ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK The proposed project will be implemented by APRDC through its Environmental Management Unit (EMU). The EMU comprises of officers from Department of Forest, GoAP, and other environmental Engineers. The EMU will be coordinating with the field level implementing agencies such as Engineer (Supervision Consultant), Contractor and field level APSHP officials. Role and responsibilities of important officials is detailed in chapter 9. ORGANISATIONAL FRAMEWORK OF PIU - APRSP (Supervision and Monitoring of EMP) Chief Engineer & Managing Director APRDC Project Director - APRSP Environment Management Unit (EMU-APRDC) Environmental Officer APRDC ORGANISATION STRUCTURE AT FIELD LEVEL (R&B), APRDC Environmental (Supervision and Monitoring of EMP) Engineer, (CSC) Executive Engineer of Package Unit. APSHP Dy. Executive Engineer of Package Unit, APSHP Environment and safety officer of Package Unit, Contractor Fig. 1: Organization Framework Detailed Project Report, Environmental Impact Assessment & Environmental Management Plan Page - 6