Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No. 16174 PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT BANGLADESH BANGLADESH WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD (BWDB) SMALL SCHEMES PROJECT (Credit No. 1467-BD) December 11, 1996 Agriculture and Natural Resources Operations Division Country Department 1 South Asia Region This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CUJRRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit = Bangladesh Taka (Tk) At Staff Appraisal Report Year (1983) = US$1.0 = Tk 25.0 At Completion Year (1993) = US$1.0 = Tk 40.0 FISCAL YEAR July 16-July 15 WEIGHTS AND NIEASURES 1 Kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile 1 acre (ac) = 0.405 hectare (ha) I metric ton (m ton) = 26.8 mound (md) ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS ADP Annual Development Programme Aman Rice planted before or during the monsoon and harvested in November or December Aus Rice planted during March or April and harvested during June or July B. When preceding a crop, means broadcast (B. Aman) Boro Rice planted in January or February and harvested in May or June. BWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board DPEC Departmental Project Evaluation Committee DAE Department of Agriculture Extension DC Deputy Commissioner DPS III Directorate of Planning Schemes III ERR Economic Rate of Return FFWP Food For Works Programme FAO/CP FAO/World Bank Cooperative Programme FCD Flood Control and Drainage FC Flood Control GOB Government of Bangladesh HYV High Yielding Variety IDA International Development Association LV Local Variety LLP Low Lift Pump MIWDFC Ministry of Irrigation, Water Development and Flood Control (renamed in 1994 as Ministry of Water Resources) ML&LR Ministry of Land and Land Revenues O&M Operation and Maintenance PC Polder Committee PCR Project Completion Report PMU Project Management Unit PP Project Proforma (a Government document required for budgetary authorization for investment projects) SRP BWDB Systems Rehabilitation Project (Cr. 2099-BD) STW Shallow Tubewell SDR Special Drawing Right SAR Staff Appraisal Report T. When preceding a crop, means transplanted (T. Aman) UNDP United Nations Development Programme WOP Without Project Situation WP With Project Situation Vice President, South Asia Regional Office Mr. D. Joseph Wood Director, Country Department I : Ms. Mieko Nishimizu Chief, Agriculture and Natural Resources Division Mr. Ridwan Ali Project Officer : Mr. Md. Abdul Ghani FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY The World Bank Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. Office of the Director-General Operations Evaluation December 11, 1996 OED EVALUATIVE MEMORANDUM ON PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT Bangladesh: Bangladesh Water Development Board Small Schemes Project (Credit 1467-BD) The Bangladesh Water Development Board Small Schemes project, supported by Credit 1467- BD for US$41.5 million equivalent, was approved in FY84. It was closed on June 30, 1993, after four extensions and a delay of four years. US$12.6 million was reallocated from credit savings to rehabilitate coastal embankments damaged by a cyclone in 1991. Cofinancing for the project was provided by UNDP for technical assistance and training. The FAO/World Bank Cooperative Program prepared the Project Completion Report (PCR) for the South Asia Regional Office. The borrower submitted a short report, which is included as Part II. The project's principal objective was to increase crop production and farm incomes, by reducing crop losses and promoting higher yielding varieties through improved flood control, drainage and irrigation on small schemes. Secondary objectives were to strengthen the Bangladesh Water Development Board's (BWDB) ability to carry out similar schemes and operation and maintenance (O&M). To achieve these objectives the project included (i) construction of about 27 subprojects covering 90,000 ha of cultivated land; (ii) upgrading BWDB's capacity for planning, design and construction of small schemes; and (iii) piloting O&M initiatives on completed schemes as well as schemes financed by the project. These initiatives included decentralization of BWDB O&M functions, cost recovery from beneficiaries, and the transfer of some responsibility for scheme management to local user groups. The project was expected to be implemented over five years, allowing two years for construction of civil works at each site. The implementation period was extended from five to nine years, due to shortfalls in counterpart finance, difficulties with land acquisition, and delays at all stages of BWDB's design and construction activity. Plans for subprojects limited to drainage or irrigation were mostly dropped, and the total was reduced from 27 to 17, mostly flood control schemes. The average construction period was five years instead of two. Nevertheless, the size of individual schemes was larger than anticipated, and the project exceeded its area, production and income targets. The PCR recomputes the economic rate of return (ERR) for the whole construction program (absorbing about 90 percent of disbursements), based on data available from the same four schemes used to estimate the ERR at appraisal plus a fifth (irrigation) scheme, at 25 percent. The appraisal target was 30 percent. The lower ERR is due to the delayed accrual of benefits and lower crop prices. The physical achievements are offset and undermined by the lack of progress toward all O&M objectives. The PCR notes that BWDB O&M activity on the 17 subprojects is Thls document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. 2 deficient, that funds allocated to the pilot program to decentralize improved O&M were used by BWDB to finance rehabilitation rather than maintenance of existing schemes, that the program was eventually terminated by the Bank, and that the plans to both foster cost recovery and transfer O&M responsibility to user groups were largely frustrated. The ERR reestimate does not include costs and benefits associated with credit disbursements of approximately US$13 million reallocated to the repair of coastal embankments (covered under a separate ICR for the embankment rehabilitation program) and US$7 million used for the rehabilitation of existing schemes under the pilot O&M component. The Operations Evaluation Department (OED) rates the overall project outcome as marginally satisfactory: impressive gains in production were delayed by the construction program and are now threatened by deficiencies in O&M. Sustainability of the increased production is uncertain, until improved O&M removes what the PCR calls "severe risks" to the completed infrastructure. OED rates institutional development as negligible, reflecting the multiple O&M activities promoted at appraisal and then largely ignored. Bank performance was generally satisfactory. The PCR is also satisfactory, offering a clear and comprehensive account of project implementation. However, it lacks a satisfactory discussion of monitoring and evaluation. There are several lessons which are useful for operations elsewhere: (i) problems of land acquisition should be anticipated, and fair and orderly compensation measures planned in advance; (ii) the construction program should be tailored to a realistic projection of resources available to government; and (iii) government must fulfill its commitments to carry out regular O&M, supported by the beneficiaries, otherwise the civil works will fail and the benefits will be unsustained. No audit is planned. Attachment FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT BANGLADESH BANGLADESH WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD (BWDB) SMALL SCHEMES PROJECT (CR. 1467-BD) TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ........................... i EVALUATION SUMMARY .............. .............. iii PARTI .............. 1 1. Project Identity ........................... 1 2. Background ........................... 1 3. Project Objectives and Description ........................... 2 4. Project Design and Organization ............................ 3 5. Project Implementation ...................-. - .- 4 6. Project Results .................. 10 7. Project Sustainability .................. 11 8. Bank Performance .................. 12 9. Borrower Performance .................. 13 10. Project Relationship .. ................ 13 11. Consulting Services .. 13 12. Project Documentation and Data ................... 14 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not othermise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. PART II ............................................... .. 15 PART HI ...................................... 16 1. Related IDA Credits ........... .................... 16 2. Project Timetable ............................... 17 3. Credit Disbursements (SDR miiion) ............................. 17 4. Project Implementation ................................ 18 5. Project Costs and Financing ............................... 19 A. Project Costs .......... ..................... 19 B. Project Financing (IJS$ million) ............................ 19 6. Project Results ............... ................ 20 A. Direct Benefits ................................ 20 B. Economic Impact ................................ 20 C. Financial Impact ................................ 20 D. Studies ....................................... 20 7. Status of Covenants ............................... 21 8. Use of Bank Resources ................................ 22 A. Staff Inputs ............................... 22 B. Missions ....................................... 23 C. Costs ....................................... 23 ANNEXES: 1. Sub-Project, Technical Assistance and Project Costs 2. Financial and Economic Re-Evaluation Map #: IBRD 27965 PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT BANGLADESH BANGLADESH WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD (BWDB) SMALL SCHEMES PROJECT (Credit No. 1467-BD) PREFACE This is the Project Completion Report (PCR) for the BWDB Small Schemes Project in Bangladesh for which IDA Credit 1467-BD in the amount of SDR 40.2 million (equivalent to US$41.5 million) was approved on May 1, 1984, and co-financing from UNDP grant facility of US$2.0 million was signed on March 20, 1985. However, due to the reduced project scope, the increase in the dollar value of the SDR and the resulting Credit savings, a total amount of SDR 9.22 million was available for reallocation for the rehabilitation of cyclone- damaged coastal embankments'. After four extensions for a total period of 3 1/2years, the Credit was closed on June 30, 1993. The last disbursement was made on November 2, 1993 and SDR 40.15 million (including SDR 9.22 million for the rehabilitation of the cyclone damaged coastal embankments), almost the entire Credit amount, was disbursed. The UNDP grant facility was used to fund the technical assistance and training components during the original implementation period between February 1985 and June 1990 and also during the extended implementation period from July 1990 to June 1991. Total grant funds were, therefore, increased to US$2.47 million. Further, a sum of US$88,555 from the IDA Fifth Technical Assistance Project (Cr. 1440-BD) was allocated to finance additional technical assistance during July 1991-February 1992. The Preface, Evaluation Summary and Parts I and III of the PCR was prepared by an FAO/World Bank Cooperative Programme mission2 which visited Bangladesh in March/April 1994. These sections were revised by staff of the Resident Mission and the Agriculture and Natural Resources Operations Division of the Country Department 1, South Asia Region. The report is based on a review of relevant project documents, field visits to selected subproject areas and discussions with the Borrower's project staff and associated IDA staff. The Borrower submitted Part II in June 1994. The findings of the original mission have been updated to reflect progress in completion of key components of two subprojects after the mission's departure. 1. The implementation of the coastal embankment rehabilitation program financed under this Credit, three other credits, and grants from the European Union and Japan will be reviewed in a separate report. 2. Messrs. T. Lohavisavdpanich (Economist/Mission Leader), E.J.P. De Nooy (Flood Control and Drainage Engineer, Consultant) and Quazi Rezual Islam (Agronomist, National Consultant, for the duration of field visit). - iii - PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT BANGLADESH BANGLADESH WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD (BWDB) SMALL SCHEMES PROJECT (Credit No. 1467-BD) EVALUATION SUMMARY Project Objectives (i) The principal objective of the project was to increase crop production and farm incomes by adding areas under High Yielding Variety (HYV) through improved drainage or by providing irrigation, and by reducing crop losses by providing flood protection. The secondary objective was to support the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of subprojects and transfer of O&M responsibilities to beneficiaries after construction. To achieve these objectives, the project was designed to: (i) construct about 27 subprojects (22 flood control and drainage (FCD) and 5 irrigation), covering a total of 91,125 ha of net cultivated land; (ii) initiate O&M of subprojects funded under the project and the pilot decentralized O&M programme of all BWDB's completed schemes located in four BWDB's divisions; and (iii) strengthen BWDB's capacity in planning and implementation of small schemes. Project Implementation (ii) Overall, project implementation was very slow and took about nine years (until June 1993) to complete the reduced targets of 17 subprojects. With a few exceptions, the average time taken to complete civil works in each subproject was 5 years as against 2 years estimated at appraisal. Also, the land acquisition for many subprojects continued even after the completion of construction. Major problems causing slow implementation were: (a) initial delays in the Credit effectiveness by 11 months; (b) overambitious project targets; (c) Government of Bangladesh's (GOB's) lengthy and cumbersome approval and processing procedures for land acquisition; (d) delays in approval of Project Proforma (PP)'; (e) inadequate Annual Development Program (ADP) allocations up to 1990 and the time-consuming fund release procedures; (f) delays in preparation and approval of designs; (g) delays in authorization of annual work plans; (h) delays in the preparation and approval of bids and award of contracts; (i) untimely delivery of construction equipment and material by BWDB to contractors; (j) the introduction of contracts on turnkey basis in 1989, under which contractors had to supply their own equipment and other resources, without adequate adjustments in prequalification procedures 1. A GOB document is required for obtaining budgetary authorization for investment projects. - iv - to exclude contractors without sufficient equipment and resources; (k) poor performance of contractors due to lack of adequate resources and experience; and (1) weak project coordination and management. (iii) Because of serious implementation delays and low achievements in civil works, which gave rise to substantial savings in the Credit, the project was restructured and reduced in scope thrice. The implementation period was extended four times for a total implementation period of 9 years. The project as restructured included: (i) reduction in number of subprojects from the original of 27 to 19 subprojects in 1987; (ii) deletion of two subprojects (Perizpur- Hizalgachi and Madhapur) in 1989 due to shortage of local funds and low economic viability respectively; and (iii) reduction in scope of civil works in 1991 in three subprojects (Halda Extension, Gangajhuri, Tarail Pachuria) due to the limited implementation period during the second and third Credit extensions. As a result of the reduced project scope, the increase in the dollar value of the SDR and the consequent Credit savings, a total of SDR 9.22 million was available for reallocation in 1992 for the rehabilitation of cyclone damaged coastal embankments.2 Further, because funds provided for the implementation of the pilot decentralized O&M component were utilized for only the rehabilitation of 26 completed schemes rather than regular maintenance works, the programme was suspended in 1991. (iv) The UNDP grant facility was provided to fund the technical assistance and training during the original period between February 1985 and June 1990. However, it was extended to June 1991 to cover the increased technical assistance required for the increased feasibility studies and engineering designs of subprojects and monitoring of construction during the extended project implementation period. Total grant funds were increased from the original amount of US$2.0 million to US$2.47 million. In addition, a sum of US$88,555 was allocated from the IDA Fifth Technical Assistance Project (Cr. 1440-BD) to finance additional technical assistance needs during July 1991-February 1992. Proiect Results (v) Overall, despite implementation delays, the project has largely achieved its principal objective of increasing crop production. In terms of physical achievements, although only 17 subprojects (63 % of the appraisal target of 27) were completed, the total benefitted areas have increased by 18% from 91,125 ha estimated at appraisal to 107,789 ha at project completion. However, it has been only partially successful in introducing the improved O&M of subprojects with beneficiaries' participation. It could not also initiate nationwide improved O&M of all BWDB's completed schemes through the implementation of the pilot decentralized O&M programme. (vi) At Credit closure in June 1993, only 15 FCD subprojects were completed, including 7 FCD, 6 FC and 2 drainage subprojects. The main works for the remaining 2 2. This component, financed also from 3 other IDA credits and European Community and Japanese grants, will be covered in a separate ICR. irrigation subprojects were completed only in October 1993. At the Closing Date the pumping stations at the Chenchuri irrigation subproject had not been commissioned due to electrical and mechanical problems while the operation of the two pumping stations at the Halda irrigation subproject was still being tested. However, based upon work completed after Credit closure, the Chenchuri and Halda pumping stations are now in operating condition. Remaining work in excavating secondary and tertiary canals at Halda is expected to be completed in FY96. (vii) Despite the fact that several subprojects were declared complete by BWDB, the performance of these completed subprojects has been poor, mainly due to lack of proper O&M. This was evident by the results of the 1992 operational status survey of the completed subprojects which indicated that none of the civil works of subprojects were fully completed to the designed level of services required. Subsequently, additional rectification works were carried out in FY93 and FY94 to ensure effective operation before handing-over to the O&M Divisions. (viii) The implementation of the two O&M components (O&M of subprojects and the pilot decentralized O&M programme) has also been unsatisfactory, mainly due to lack of initiative and commitment of BWDB. In fact, only rehabilitation works were carried out. In addition, although Polder Committees (PCs) were formed in 1985 before the commencement of the construction of subprojects, they have been inactive and the entire concept of beneficiaries' participation was neglected by BWDB. Since 1992, efforts were concentrated on organizing motivational meetings to create awareness for O&M among beneficiaries and forming smaller and manageable sluice committees in all subproject areas. These efforts have not met with much success as most of these committees have not been functional, mainly due to the limited motivational meetings and lack of clear institutional arrangements for beneficiaries' O&M responsibilities. Consequently, the transfer of O&M responsibilities to sluice committees and beneficiaries has not been achieved. Work is continuing under another project (see para xii) to improve O&M and introduce beneficiary participation on a national basis. (ix) Agricultural Impact. The incremental crop production at full development is estimated at 184,400 tons annually, 68% higher than the appraisal estimates of 109,500 tons. The larger benefited areas and higher incremental yields of paddy are the main contributing factors. The increases in yields have resulted from the project works which encouraged farmers to adopt HYV seeds and the imnproved farming by transplanting paddy. Based on the results of the bench mark surveys, crop data provided by the Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE) and additional interviews with farmers by the PCR mission, the cropping intensities have increased by 20%-40% and yields of paddy by 10%-50% (10%-15% in FCD and 30%-50% in irrigation subprojects). (x) Economnic Rate of Return. The economic rates of return (ERRs) were calculated for 5 of the 17 projects and extrapolated for the total project. The ERRs in FY94 constant prices, were re-estimated at about 18%-30% for 4 subprojects (Kangsha FCD, Bighai FC, Kalaroa drainage and Chenchuri Beel irrigation) and 25.2% for the whole project compared with the appraisal estimate of 21%-40% and 30% respectively. The lower ERRs are mainly due to the substantially longer implementation period resulting in delayed accrual of benefits and lower prices of outputs than anticipated at project appraisal. Due to substantially higher investment and O&M costs than anticipated at appraisal and smaller service area, the re-estimated ERR of the Halda Extension subproject is 12%. - vi - (xi) Income Effects. The project works have helped to raise the net farm incomes of farmers in the project areas. Farm budget analyses show that at full development net farm incomes for 3 acre farms would increase by 35% for FCD subprojects and 170% for irrigation subprojects over the without project situation. The re-estimated incremental annual net farm incomes from 3 acre farms, expressed in FY94 constant prices, would be Tk 8,000-Tk 36,000, reflecting real increases of 37%-170% over the appraisal estimates (adjusted to FY94 prices) of Tk 5,850-Tk 13,140. The project has directly benefitted about 92,300 farm families, 15% over the appraisal estimates. Project Sustainability (xii) The sustainability of the project activities would depend on the priority given to the implementation of the improved O&M of subprojects by GOB/BWDB and the effectiveness and the level of beneficiaries' participation in undertaking the preventive maintenance. The unsatisfactory situation due to lack of O&M and beneficiaries' participation during project implementation indicates that the sustainability of the completed infrastructure is at risk. However, the situation could improve as O&M of completed BWDB subprojects, including the 17 subprojects completed under this project, and introduction of beneficiaries' participation in preventive maintenance is being addressed under the on-going Systems Rehabilitation Project (Cr. 2099-BD). IDA has indicated that further financial assistance to the irrigation subsector is dependant upon adequate progress by GOB/BWDB in fulfilling this commitment. Findings and Lessons Learned (xiii) The project suffered from a number of shortcomings from the design stage through implementation. The most important were technical shortcomings, funding constraints and institutional and organizational weaknesses. These are related mainly to: (a) the overambitious project scope and the Government's cumbersome land acquisition procedures and limited financial resources; (b) economic viability of some subprojects agreed after appraisal may not have been reviewed as thoroughly as the subprojects checked at appraisal; (c) unanticipated hydromorphological changes which caused erosion to the completed infrastructure for one subproject and resulted in high O&M costs for another; and (d) lack of clear institutional arrangements for the transfer of O&M responsibilities to beneficiaries, which was expected to be implemented by PCs to be organized during project implementation. The chief institutional weakness was a lack of initiative and commitment of BWDB concerning O&M works which is now threatening the sustainability of subprojects. Another organizational weakness was ineffective project coordination and project management. (xiv) The implementation experience suggests a number of lessons. The most important ones are: (a) to ensure timely and successful project implementation, it is essential to tailor the construction programme to the practical resources of the Government with prudent allowance for the time required for the completion of pre-construction activities; - vii - (b) the economic viability of subprojects agreed after appraisal should be checked with the same thoroughness as subprojects reviewed at appraisal; (c) the successful implementation of improved O&M of subprojects and the transfer of the preventive maintenance to beneficiaries requires a strong commitment from the Borrower/BWDB, the organization of beneficiaries in smaller and manageable groups and a clear institutional arrangements for beneficiaries' O&M responsibilities; (d) timely completion of pre-construction activities requires effective project management with strong support from the inter-agency coordination committee to resolve implementation issues among different agencies; and (e) it is essential for GOB/BWDB to fulfil its commitments for carrying out regular O&M with increasing responsibilities borne by beneficiaries, without which the investments in subprojects would be lost and benefits not sustained. PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT BANGLADESH BANGLADESH WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD (BWDB) SMALL SCHEMES PROJECT (Credit 1467-BD) PART I: PROJECT REVIEW FROM IDA'S PERSPECTIVE 1. Project Identity Project Name BWDB Small Schemes Project Credit No. 1467-BD RVP Unit South Asia Country Bangladesh Sector : Agriculture Sub-sector Flood Control, Irrigation, and Drainage 2. Background 2.1 The Government's development strategy, as enunciated in the Second Five-Year Plan (1980-85) document, gave highest priority to the objectives of achieving foodgrain self- sufficiency. In the water sub-sector, the strategy for assisting the Government in reaching this objective was to emphasize short gestation, low-cost and high return subprojects, in line with the 1972 World Bank report "Bangladesh Land and Water Sector Study" and reconfirmed in the 1979 joint document of the Government and the World Bank-Review of BWDB. Minor irrigation schemes in areas of little or no flooding, and drainage and flood control schemes in areas of moderate flooding were to be emphasized. 2.2 In support of this strategy, since increased cultivated area resulting from flood control and drainage works, expanded minor irrigation facilities and the diffusion of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds were considered as major factors contributing to the increased food production, the Bank approved a series of flood control, drainage and irrigation projects. The BWDB Small Schemes Project (Cr. 1467-BD), the fifth in a series of such projects, was - 2 - approved on May 1, 1984. The last Credit in the series (Cr. 2099-BD) was approved in 1990 for the BWDB Systems Rehabilitation Project (SRP). 3. Project Objectives and Description 3.1 The principal objective of the project was to increase crop production and farm incomes by adding areas under HYV through improved drainage or by providing irrigation, and by reducing crop losses from flooding by providing flood protection. The secondary objectives were to support the transfer of the operation and maintenance (O&M) of completed subprojects to local bodies, foster recovery of irrigation O&M costs from beneficiaries and strengthen BWDB's capacity in executing small schemes. To achieve these objectives, the project was designed to: (i) construct about 27 subprojects in ten districts, covering a total of 91,125 ha of net cultivated land. These included 8 flood control and drainage (FCD), covering about 25,920 ha, 8 drainage, covering about 31,590 ha, 6 flood control (FC), covering about 23,895 ha, and 5 irrigation, covering about 9,720 ha; (ii) strengthen BWDB's capacity for planning, design, construction and O&M of the subprojects funded under the project; and (iii) initiate an O&M programme for all BWDB's completed schemes located in four BWDB divisions of Comilla, Satkhira, Rajshahi and Moulvi Bazar, through a pilot decentralized O&M programme. Under the institutional strengthening component, funds were to be provided for the procurement of construction and O&M equipment and vehicles, and about 1,118 staff-months of technical assistance (60 staff-months of foreign consultants and 1,058 staff-months of local consultants) for the preparation of feasibility studies, design and construction supervision of subprojects and the evaluation of project impact, and training of BWDB's personnel. 3.2 Total project costs, including physical and price contingencies, were estimated at US$58.0 million (Tk 1,449.8 million). An IDA Credit of US$41.5 million (SDR 40.2 million) was to finance all the foreign exchange costs (24%) and about 62.5 % of local costs. UNDP was to provide a grant facility amounting to US$2.0 million to fund the technical assistance and training. The balance of US$14.5 million was to be met by Government's Annual Development Programme (ADP) budget allocations (US$ 11.3 million) and farmers' contribution (US$3.2 million). 3.3 BWDB of the Ministry of Irrigation, Water Development and Flood Control (MIWDFC)' was the principal implementing agency. Within BWDB, the Directorate of Planning Schemes III (DPS III), later the Manager of the Project Management Unit (PMU)2, was responsible for the coordination of project planning and implementation, and procurement of consultants and equipment. Coordination of project activities at national level as well as resolving policy issues that might arise during implementation were entrusted to the 1. MIWDFC was renamed in 1994 as Ministry of Water Resources. 2. DPS III was disbanded in January 1993 and since February 1993 the coordination of project planning and implementation activities have been handled by PMU. - 3 - Departmental Project Evaluation Committee (DPEC) of MIWDFC. At the field level, polder committees (PCs) were to be established in each subproject to encourage participation of beneficiaries initially in project planning and implementation, and subsequently in assuming responsibilities for O&M of subprojects after construction. 4. Project Design and Organization 4.1 In support of the above development strategy (para 2.1), the Government in late 1982 signed a contract with a consulting firm to prepare feasibility studies of four typical subprojects (Kangsha River FCD, Kalaroa drainage, Bighai FC and Chenchuri Beel irrigation) financed under the IDA Fourth Technical Assistance Project (Cr. 1124-BD). Subsequently, an IDA mission visited Bangladesh in June 1983 to appraise the project based on the completed four feasibility studies. 4.2 The project was conceptualized as a continuation of the low-cost, small scale, and quick gestation flood control and drainage and irrigation development efforts undertaken by Government with financial assistance from IDA and other donors. However, given several constraints which existed at the time of appraisal, particularly GOB's cumbersome procedures for land acquisition and funding constraints, the scope of the proposed project was too large for completion within a reasonable implementation period. The delays resulting from these constraints eventually led to the reduction of the scope of the project from the original target of 27 to 17 subprojects and the re-scheduling of the implementation period from 51/2 years to 9 years (para 5. 1). 4.3 The design of the embankments, drainage structures and the drainage network was generally appropriate to achieve flood control and improved drainage. However, for two subprojects (Bighai and Kalaroa) questions have been raised as to whether the hydromorphological changes in meandering river channels and silting river arms were adequately considered in the engineering design of subprojects and in decisions as to the locations of major structures. There has been erosion of some completed infrastructure in one subproject and another subproject requires frequent desiltation to enable drainage regulators to function properly. At the Bighai subproject, the shifting river channels have reduced the foreland in front of regulator no. 7 at a rate of 12-1Sm annually and concern has been expressed as to whether regulators would eventually disappear in the river channels. At the Kalaroa subproject, adequate drainage is assured only with frequent desilting of the Betna river channel. However, the consultants contend that these factors were considered and that the project designs were the best alternatives based on the information available and the difficulties in predicting erosion. 4.4 The design of one of the two irrigation subprojects was also appropriate. However, the economic viability of the Halda Extension subproject as originally designed is questionable. The scope of work to be executed by BWDB was subsequently reduced to what could not be done by the beneficiaries themselves. The secondary and tertiary canals of the Halda subproject were thus left out and the infrastructure was completed only for the main canal pumping and - 4 - conveyance systems. This was done to (a) reduce public sector expenditure on the irrigation system and (b) induce beneficiary participation and thus improve sustainability. GOB agreed to the design change and assured completion of the project through beneficiary participation. We are told that remaining work under this subproject will be completed by June 1996. 4.5 At appraisal, the role of DPEC, DPS III, BWDB's field divisions and PCs was generally well defined. However, the overall project coordination and management during project implementation period was below expectations, and the important institutional development functions vital for the successful project implementation have not been fully carried out. The slow implementation was caused partly by the irregular meetings of DPEC and its insufficient attention to major implementation issues, particularly the delays in land acquisition, untimely approval of Project Proforma (PP) and inadequate ADP allocations. At BWDB's headquarters, late release of ADP, delays in authorization of annual work plan and delivery of equipment to field divisions, and inadequate coordination of project implementation activities by DPS III adversely affected progress of physical works. At the field level, delays in preparation and approval of tender documents and the subsequent evaluation of bids and award of contracts caused further delays in implementation. Sub-standard works in some subprojects could have been avoided by better supervision of construction. 5. Project Implementation 5.1 Critical Variances in Project Implementation. The IDA Credit became effective in April 1985, 1 1-months behind schedule, due to delays in the completion of the engineering designs of subprojects and land acquisition for the construction programme in the first year. Further, because of serious implementation delays and low achievements in civil works, the project was restructured and reduced in scope thrice. The implementation period was extended four times for a total period of 31/2 years from the original Closing date of December 31, 1989 to June 19933. The changes in the project due to restructuring included: (i) reduction in 1987 in number of subprojects from the original 27 to 19 subprojects, due to the increased average size of subprojects from about 3,400 ha estimated at appraisal to about 8,000 ha; (ii) deletion of two subprojects (Perizpur-Hizalgachi and Madhapur) in 1989 due to shortage of local funds and low economic viability respectively; and (iii) reduction in scope of civil works in 1991 in three subprojects (Halda Extension, Gangajhuri, Tarial Pachuria) due to the limited implementation period remaining during the second and third Credit extensions and, in the case of Halda, the over-expensive original design. As a result of the reduced scope of the project, the increase in the dollar value of the SDR and the consequent Credit savings, a total of SDR 9.22 million was available in 1992 and was used for the urgently needed rehabilitation of coastal 3. The last 6-month extension to June 30, 1993 was limited to the coastal embankment rehabilitation work following the April 1991 cyclone and one equipment contract. For all other components the Closing Date was December 31, 1992. embankments damaged by the 1991 cyclone.4 Further, the implementation of the pilot decentralized O&M was suspended in 1991, as BWDB could not come up with a suitable plan for regular maintenance and was planning to use the funds for this component for rehabilitation of completed schemes. 5.2 Overall. As already noted (para 5.1), project implementation was very slow and it took about nine years to complete the reduced target of 17 subprojects. With a few exceptions, the average time taken to complete civil works in each case was 5 years as against 2 years estimated at appraisal. Also, the land acquisition for many subprojects continued even after the completion of construction. Major problems causing slow implementation were: (i) initial delays in the Credit effectiveness by 11 months; (ii) GOB's lengthy and cumbersome land acquisition procedures; (iii) delays in approval of PP; (iv) inadequate ADP allocations up to 1990 and the time consuming fund release procedures; (v) delays in preparation and approval of designs; (vi) delays in authorization of annual work plans; (vii) delays in the preparation and approval of bids and award of contracts; (viii) poor performance of contractors due to lack of adequate resources and experience and; (ix) weak project coordination and management. 5.3 The implementation of the two O&M components ( O&M of subprojects and the pilot decentralized O&M programme) has also been unsatisfactory, due mainly to lack of initiative and commitment of BWDB. In fact, only rectification works, rather than regular O&M, were carried out and the pilot O&M component was suspended. In addition, because of inadequate motivational meetings and lack of clear institutional arrangements for beneficiaries' O&M responsibilities, neither PCs nor sluice committees have been functional. Consequently, the transfer of O&M responsibilities to sluice committees and beneficiaries has been achieved only in a few cases. 5.4 Land acquisition. Total land requirements were substantially reduced due to the reduced project scope and the non-implementation of several drainage channels. At project closure in June 1993, a total of 1,120 ha were actually acquired for the 17 subprojects, or 68% of the total land requirements of 1,639 ha (Annex 1, Table 1). The remaining 519 ha have been made available to BWDB through local arrangements initiated in 1989, under which landowners, who were also the project beneficiaries, agreed and surrendered land to BWDB with assurance that land compensation will be made after completion of official formalities at the Deputy Commissioner (DC) offices. Difficulties in land acquisition was the most serious problem which adversely affected the construction programme. Delays were caused mainly by the lack of a land acquisition plan, lengthy and cumbersome land acquisition procedures, inadequate approval authority of DC, shortage of land acquisition staff, inadequate and untimely deposit of funds in DC's offices, public opposition, inadequate levels of land compensation (based on recorded values of land transactions which are frequently understated to avoid taxes) and late payment. 4. The implementation of the coastal embankment rehabilitation program financed under the credit, three other credits and grants from the European Union and Japan will be reviewed in a separate report. - 6 - Although these constraints were beyond the control of BWDB, the problem could have been reduced through the preparation of a land acquisition annual plan, DPEC's regular meetings to ensure close coordination between DPS III and the Ministry of Land and Land Revenues (ML&LR) and regular follow-up by staff of BWDB field divisions at DC offices. 5.5 Construction. The project actually took 9 years to complete the civil works of 17 subprojects, including 7 FCD, 6 FC, 2 drainage and 2 irrigation subprojects against the SAR targets of 27 subprojects. However, due to design changes, the area served by the 17 subprojects (134,665 ha) is 50% in excess of the originally planned 27 subprojects (91,125 ha). The actual construction period of 9 years against 5 years at appraisal cannot be deemed satisfactory. Delays in the construction were caused by the problems noted in para 5.2 and also the late delivery by BWDB of the construction materials and equipment to contractors, cancellation of tenders and invitations of fresh tenders and an introduction in 1989 of contracting on a turnkey basis, under which contractors were supposed to supply their own materials, equipment and other resources. Many of the contractors hired had difficulties with these new procedures, which may indicate inadequate prequalirication. 5.6 Initially, 19 out of 27 subprojects were approved by BWDB for implementation but the number of subprojects was subsequently reduced to 17 as the Madhapur and Perizpur- Hizalgachi subprojects were deleted in 1989. At the original Credit Closing Date in December 1989, only 5 subprojects were declared complete by BWDB (Annex 1, Table 1). Four and five additional subprojects were completed at the end of the first and second Credit extensions to December 1990 and 1991 respectively. In order to try to complete the civil works of the remaining 3 subprojects (Chenchuri, Halda Extension, Kalidashkhali) in FY92, the scope of works in the Halda extension was further reduced by curtailing the secondary and tertiary distribution systems. However, only the Kalidashkhali subproject was completed during FY92. During the PCR mission's field visit in March 1994, the pumping stations at the Chenchuri subproject had not yet been commissioned after 51/2 years, due to constraints including electrical and mechanical problems, difficulties in matching electric motors with axial flow pumps and the defective transformers. At the Halda Extension subproject, the operation of the two pumping stations was still being tested. The repairs of the Chenchuri pumps have been completed and the Chenchuri and Halda pumps are now in operating condition. Remaining work on the secondary and tertiary canals for Halda is expected to be completed by June 1996. 5.7 Despite the fact that several subprojects were declared complete by BWDB, the performance of these completed subprojects has been poor due mainly to lack of proper O&M as observed by IDA's supervision missions in late 1991. Following the IDA's recommendations, BWDB conducted a survey on the operational status of the completed subprojects to identify the shortcomings and remedy defects to ensure effective operations. The survey was completed in June 1992 and the results indicated that none of the civil works of subprojects were considered fully complete for the designed level of services required. Before handing these subprojects over to the O&M Divisions, additional rectification works were needed to ensure effective operation. Additional repair works were required largely due to: (a) lack of regular maintenance; (b) poor condition of embankments resulting from poor construction methods (cuts, -7- - 7 - breaches, slips in slopes, erosion by wave-action, damages caused by meandering channels, inadequate cross-section); (c) damages to structures caused by inappropriate operating procedures; and (d) poor drainage (Annex 1, Table 3). Subsequently, the PP was revised to include ADP allocations for the rectification works in 17 subprojects in FY93 but only 9 subprojects were completed. An additional ADP allocation of Tk 132.5 million was earmarked for FY94 for completion of the rectification works in the remaining 8 subprojects and the installation of pumps in the Halda Extension subprojects. In addition, about 6,000 tons of wheat (Tk 36 million) were provided under FFWP for additional earthworks in 11 subprojects. At the time of the completion report visit, the earthworks were underway, but the rectification works had not yet started. These works have now been completed. 5.8 Operation and Maintenance of Subprojects. At appraisal, O&M of subprojects was included in the project scope. The main thrust was to enable BWDB to carry out the periodic maintenance, and to directly involve beneficiaries in the preventive maintenance. The project was to provide technical assistance for the preparation of O&M manuals and funds for O&M works during and after construction of subprojects. Initially, due to lack of enough attention by BWDB, no ADP allocations were provided in the PP until 1991. Subsequently, due to lack of initiative and commitment of BWDB's field divisions, the O&M manuals prepared by consultants during FY85-FY92 for 13 subprojects (para 5.14) were not used by BWDB as the operational guidelines and little O&M work has been carried out with beneficiaries' participation. At Credit closure, a limited amount of Tk 15.6 million, or 22% of the appraisal estimate of Tk 71.0 million, had been spent for O&M in 10 subprojects in FY92 and 7 subprojects in FY93. A lack of regular O&M was threatening the sustainability of the completed subprojects. However, GOB/BWDB has now prepared an O&M plan and budget for all completed subprojects. About Tk 56.7 million will be required annually, including about Tk 30.7 million (Tk 296/ha/year) for 15 FCD, Tk 4.8 million (Tk 4,630/ha/year) for the Chenchuri Beel and Tk 21.2 million (Tk 36,840/ha/year) for the Halda Extension subproject. 5.9 Beneficiaries' Participation. In order to ensure the sustainability of the completed subprojects through beneficiaries' commitment and support, Government's main thrust was to make O&M of small schemes the responsibilities of beneficiaries which was to be administered through the responsible PCs. However, the results during project implementation were unsatisfactory. Although PCs were formed in 1985 before the commencement of the construction of subprojects, they have been inactive and the entire concept of beneficiaries' participation was totally neglected by BWDB. Since 1992 efforts were concentrated on organizing motivational meetings to create awareness for O&M among beneficiaries and forming smaller and manageable sluice committees in all subproject areas. However, these efforts also have not met with much success. Most of these committees have not been functional due mainly to the limited motivational meetings and lack of clear institutional arrangements for beneficiaries' O&M responsibilities. At project closure, only a few of the sluice committees have been functional, confined to controlling the functioning of gates and in some cases collecting cash and in kind contributions to remunerate the sluice operators and purchase lubricating materials for the gates. The People's Participation Guidelines recently approved by BWDB provide a useful - 8 - framework for the mobilization of beneficiaries' participation and in defining their O&M responsibilities. 5.10 Pilot Decentralized O&M Program. The project was to initiate a pilot decentralized O&M programme for all BWDB's completed schemes in four BWDB divisions (para 3.1). It was to assign full O&M responsibilities within a division to specific staff and funds were to be provided to carry out these responsibilities. In addition, four staff-months of technical assistance were provided to help BWDB in planning and execution of the programme. 5.11 The implementation was initially delayed by the late preparation of O&M proposals from the O&M divisions and delays in the approval of the revised PP to extend the implementation period from 3 years to 5 years as originally planned at appraisal. Subsequently, consultants were recruited to review the O&M proposals of the four O&M divisions and prepare final O&M work plans in 1986. Although the O&M work plans provided sufficient details on rehabilitation works, not enough details were prepared for regular O&M after rehabilitation. The proposed O&M plans also specified high staff requirements which would have been difficult to implement by GOB/BWDB. Inadequate account was taken of possibilities for reducing costs and improving reliability through beneficiary participation. However, it became apparent that substantial rehabilitation works had to be carried out in all the completed schemes before they could be handed over to the O&M Divisions for effective operation and subsequently to beneficiaries. Therefore, a total of 26 schemes, including 11 FCD covering about 104,550 ha and 15 FC covering about 454,500 ha, were rehabilitated and some new structures were constructed during FY86-FY90. However, as BWDB failed to carry out regular O&M after the completion of rehabilitation works, the pilot O&M programme was suspended in 1991 -- to be taken over under the on-going Systems Rehabilitation Project, which is intended to establish the institutional framework for O&M. 5.12 Procurement of Equipment. The project was to provide funds for the procurement of construction and office equipment and vehicles for the design, construction and O&M of subprojects and the implementation of the pilot O&M programme. The procurement of equipment was seriously delayed due to the late calling of tenders and the consequent lengthy and cumbersome bid evaluation and approval procedures. The actual procurement was much lower than the appraisal estimates (Annex 1, Table 6) due to funding constraints, GOB's import restriction imposed in 1988 and the introduction of contracting on a turnkey basis (para 5.5). 5.13 Technical Assistance. Support for technical assistance prior to the Credit effectiveness was provided under the IDA Fourth Technical Assistance Project (Cr. 1124-BD) for the identification and preparation of feasibility studies of 15 subprojects and engineering designs of 10 subprojects. By November 1984, feasibility studies of 15 subprojects and designs of 8 subprojects were completed. However, the designs of 2 subprojects were only partially done and the remaining works had to be completed by the consultants financed under the project. - 9 - 5.14 Under the project, UNDP was to provide grant facilities to fund a total of 1,122 staff-months of technical assistance, including 64 staff-months of foreign and 1,058 staff-months of local consultants, for the identification of 36 subprojects, preparation of feasibility studies and engineering designs of 20 subprojects, monitoring of construction of 27 subprojects, preparation of O&M manuals for 27 subprojects, planning and execution of the pilot O&M programme and the evaluation of project impact. The UNDP grant facility became effective in March 1985 to fund the technical assistance during February 1985-June 1990 but was extended to June 1991 to cover the increased technical assistance required for the increased preparation works resulting from the increased areas of subprojects and for monitoring of construction during the extended implementation period. The total grant was, therefore, increased from the original amount of US$2.0 million to US$2.47 million. Further, the technical assistance needs from July 1991 to February 1992, amounting to US$88,555 million, were financed under the IDA Fifth Technical Assistance Project (Cr. 1440-BD). 5.15 The performance of the consultants was in general satisfactory. The preparation works were completed on time and quality was good. The monitoring of construction and technical advice on quality of works were adequate and helpful for project implementation. During 1985-1992, a total of 1,620 staff-months of consulting services including 72 staff-months of foreign and 1,548 staff-months of local consulting services were utilized. The activities performed by these consultants included identification of 36 subprojects, preparation of feasibility studies of 18 subprojects, engineering designs of 18 subprojects, monitoring of construction of subprojects, preparation of O&M manuals for 13 subprojects, preparation of O&M work plans for four O&M divisions, completion of the socio-economic bench mark surveys in 6 subprojects and women in development and environmental bench mark surveys in 5 subprojects (Annex 1, Table 4 ). 5.16 Training. UNDP also provided funds for the training of BWDB's project personnel, including workshops, seminars, study tours to similar projects, short and long-term overseas training. The actual training programme included: (i) two regional seminars organized during Sept-Oct 1989 for 106 BWDB's field personnel on survey and investigation, engineering design and supervision of construction; (ii) an 8-week training course at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Bangkok, during 1987-1989 for 13 participants in planning and design of small scale water resources development projects; and (iii) an 11-month post graduate diploma courses at AIT during 1988-1989 for 5 participants. Although the third seminar was planned, it was initially delayed by the 1991 flood and eventually not organized due to shortage of grant funds. The number of participants attending the regional seminar were substantially lower than the original plan due to weak responses from the BWDB field divisions. Due to UNDP's limited funds, the number of personnel attending the overseas training courses were also lower, and no training in management and planning for senior and middle-level staff was conducted. The seminars were found satisfactory and useful for project design and implementation of small scale subprojects. However, due to lack of evaluation reports on use made of the training by recipients, the effectiveness of the overseas training can not be assessed. - 10 - 5.17 Project Expenditures. The actual total project costs in Taka are estimated at Tk 2,059.72 million, or 42% higher than the appraisal estimates of Tk 1,449.83 million (Part III/5A). However, due to substantial depreciation of the Taka against the US dollar, total project costs in US dollar equivalent are US$59.52 million, only 3% higher than the appraisal estimates of US$58 million. 6. Project Results 6.1 Project Objectives. The project has largely achieved its principal objective of increasing crop production in the areas of the 17 subprojects constructed during the project period. In terms of physical targets, albeit with serious implementation delays, the project has completed 17 subprojects, 63% of the appraisal target of 27, but the total benefited areas increased by 18%, from 91,125 ha to 107,789 ha. However, as noted in paras 5.8-5.9, the project had very limited impact in introducing the improved O&M of subprojects and in creating awareness for O&M among beneficiaries. It could not initiate the intended nationwide O&M programme for all BWDB's completed schemes through the implementation of a pilot decentralized O&M programme. Work toward this goal is continuing under the ongoing Systems Rehabilitation Project. 6.2 Project Benefits. The increased food crop production in the project is estimated at 184,400 tons annually at full development, 68 % higher than the appraisal estimates of 109,500 tons. The larger benefited areas and the higher incremental yields of paddy (mainly aus, aman and boro) are the main contributing factors. The total areas benefiting from 17 subproject increased from about 91,125 ha estimated at appraisal to about 107,789 ha at project completion. The total areas benefiting from the 15 FCD subprojects increased by 27% from about 81,405 ha to about 103,652 ha. However, due to the reduction of the irrigation subprojects from the original 5 to 2 and the substantially reduced service area in the Halda Extension subproject, total areas benefiting from the two irrigation subprojects fell by 57% from 9,720 ha to about 4,137 ha (1,037 ha in the Chenchuri Beel and 3,100 ha in the Halda Extension). 6.3 The estimated crop production in Without Project (WOP) and With Project (WP) situations are based on the limited data from the bench mark surveys, crop data provided by the Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE) and additional interviews with farmers outside and within the five subprojects5 by the PCR mission. Based on this data, cropping intensities in these selected subproject areas have increased by 20%-40% and yields of paddy by 10%-50% (10%-15% in FCD and 30%-50% in irrigation subprojects) compared with the appraisal estimates of 25%-30% and 10% respectively. The project's flood protection and improved drainage have encouraged farmers to adopt irnproved farming practices, including shifts from broadcasting to transplanting paddy, use of HYV, the increased input use and an expansion of dry season cultivation. 6.4 Economic Rate of Return. As presented in Part III/6B and Annex 2, the economic rates of return (ERRs) were re-estimated for S of the 17 subprojects and extrapolated for the total project. The ERRs were estimated at about 18%-30% for four subprojects (Kangsha FCD, Bighai FC, Kalaroa drainage and Chenchuri Beel irrigation) and 25.2% for the whole project 5. Kangsha River FCD, Bighai River FC, Kalaroa drainage Chenchuri Beel and Halda Extension irrigation. - 11 - compared with the appraisal estimate of 21 % -40% and 30% respectively. The lower ERRs are due mainly to substantially longer implementation period resulting in delayed accrual of benefits and lower prices of outputs than anticipated at project appraisal. Due to higher investment and O&M costs and smaller service area, the re-estimated ERR of the Halda Extension subproject is 12%. 6.5 Income Effects. The project works have helped to raise the net farn income of farmers in the subproject areas. Farm budget analyses (Part III/6C and Annex 2) show that at full development, net farm income for 3000 farms would increase by 35% for FCD subprojects and 170% for irrigation subprojects over the without project situation. The re-estimated incremental annual net farm incomes from 3 acre owner-operator farms, expressed in 1994 constant prices would be Tk 8,000-Tk 36,000, reflecting real increases of 37%-170% above the appraisal estimates (adjusted to 1994 constant prices). The project has directly benefitted about 92,300 farm families, 15 % higher than the appraisal estimates. 6.6 Environmental Impact. Based on the results of the bench mark surveys on the environmental aspects conducted in 1992 in 5 subprojects6, no detrimental effects to the environment were observed in the subproject areas. In fact, the subprojects have helped in increasing incomes of landless people and destitute women and improving living conditions of farmers in the subproject areas. However, some minor adverse impacts were observed on fisheries, navigation and flooding in adjacent areas. 6.7 Irrigation Water Charges. A covenant for full O&M cost recovery on BWDB's gravity irrigation systems, to be attained on a phased basis by 1990, did not achieve its anticipated results. The SAR for the Systems Rehabilitation Project (Credit 2099-BD) noted that the system for assessment and collection of water charges is cumbersome and overly staff- intensive and that reliability of irrigation supply must be upgraded in many projects before water rates can be effectively collected. A program to improve collections, using simplified systems, in selected projects with satisfactory irrigation services, is being implemented under Credit 2099. Performance remains unsatisfactory, but attempts to improve cost recovery are in process. 7. Project Sustainabilitv 7.1 The sustainability of project operations will depend on the priority given by GOB/BWDB to improving O&M performance and the level of beneficiary participation achieved in undertaking preventive maintenance. The poor performance in these fields during project implementation indicates severe risks to the sustainability of the completed infrastructure. By the end of the project, BWDB had initiated beneficiary participation through motivational meetings, but efforts were still at a preliminary stage. Improving the O&M of all completed subprojects, including the 17 subprojects completed under this project, and introducing beneficiary participation in preventive maintenance are major objectives of the ongoing BWDB Systems Rehabilitation Project (SRP) financed in part by Cr. 2099-BD, with co-financing from the European Union, Government of Netherlands and the World Food Program. While there have been some notable improvements (expenditures on O&M has quadrupled from FY89 to FY94), progress to date under SRP on institutional issues has been less than expected. Work is continuing, however, and there is still time to make these efforts successful. The 6. Kangsha, Kalaroa, Bighai, Polder 39/1A and sutki sub-projects. - 12 - Government has been informed that demonstrating that existing infrastructure is being operated and maintained on a sustainable basis will be crucial to IDA ability to consider future water control projects in Bangladesh. 8. Bank Performance 8.1 Through the project cycle, IDA's perfornance was generally satisfactory. The project was well defined and the SAR provided the required framework and guidelines for project implementation. However, project implementation and operation of subprojects suffered from some shortcomings in project design which included: (i) the appraisal mission was optimistic in fixing a construction programme of 27 subprojects over an implementation period of 5 years without giving due weight to Government's cumbersome procedures for the completion of pre-construction activities and funding constraints; (ii) the economic viability of subprojects agreed after appraisal did not appear to have been checked as thoroughly as the subprojects reviewed at appraisal; (iii) unanticipated hydromorphological changes resulted in the erosion of some completed infrastructure in the Bighai subproject and high O&M costs for desilting in the Kalaroa subproject (para 4.3); and (iv) the reliance on consultants to recommend the institutional arrangements for beneficiaries' O&M responsibilities during project implementation gave IDA less leverage for ensuring that these arrangements are actually carried out than if the establishment of these arrangements had been a condition of lending. 8.2 During implementation period, IDA's supervision missions made positive contributions to the physical and institutional development of the project. It helped in prompt resolution of project implementation issues which enabled BWDB to complete the construction programme of 17 subprojects. Regular field visits were made and advice was sound, particularly on quality of construction works and the needs for rehabilitation, regular O&M of subprojects and beneficiaries' participation. When the project implementation was seriously delayed, IDA was flexible and helpful to re-structure the scope of the project and re-schedule its implementation period. However, despite persistent follow-up and pressures exerted by IDA, GOB/BWDB failed to comply with the Credit covenants and conditions for the Credit extensions in implementing the two O&M components (O&M of subprojects and the pilot O&M programme), the transfer of O&M responsibilities to PCs and beneficiaries. 8.3 The main lessons of experience that may be relevant to IDA are: (a) to ensure timely and successful project implementation, it is essential to tailor the construction programme to the practical resources of the Government with prudent allowance for the time required for the completion of pre-construction activities; (b) the design of subprojects should be reviewed carefully to ensure adequate account is taken of possible hydromorphological changes in locating major structures at the appropriate sites, so as to avoid/minimize erosion of the completed infrastructures and unnecessary high O&M costs which might arise after construction; (iii) the economic viability of subprojects approved after appraisal should be reviewed with the same thoroughness as subprojects checked during appraisal; and (iv) the successful implementation of improved O&M of subprojects and the transfer of the preventive maintenance to beneficiaries require a strong commitment from the Borrower/BWDB, the organization of beneficiaries in smaller and manageable groups and clear institutional arrangements for beneficiaries' O&M responsibilities. - 13 - 9. Borrower Performance 9.1 The performance of the Borrower/BWDB in carrying out its obligations was below expectations. The chief weakness was the persistent failure in timely acquisition of land for construction and adequate provision of counterpart funds when required. This was perhaps due to overoptimism at appraisal, the Government's cumbersome procedures and inadequate compensation provided for land acquisition, and the difficult budgetary position at that time. The irregular meetings of DPEC and its insufficient attention to resolving the implementation issues as well as weak project coordination and management were factors contributing to further delays in project implementation. Another institutional weakness in BWDB is the lack of initiative and commitment to O&M works. However, there were some improvements towards the end of project implementation period when efforts were concentrated in organizing motivational meetings and forming smaller and more manageable sluice committees. These have not met with much success mainly due to the limited number of motivational meetings and lack of clear institutional arrangements for beneficiaries' O&M responsibilities. The audited accounts and reports were often submitted late. 9.2 The main lessons of experience for the Borrower are: (i) it is important at appraisal/negotiations for the Borrower to accept only such projects as are within its funding and managerial capacities; shortage of funds and poor project management severely delayed project implementation and affected overall progress of the present project; (ii) timely completion of pre-construction activities can be ensured by an effective project management with strong support from the inter-agency coordination committee to resolve implementation issues among different agencies; and (iii) it is essential for GOB/BWDB to fulfil its commitment in carrying out regular O&M with more responsibilities borne by beneficiaries, without which the investments would be lost and benefits not sustained. 10. Project Relationship 10.1 The relationship between IDA and the Borrower was satisfactory throughout the project period. This was particularly important in successfully manoeuvering the project through times of severe delays. IDA/Borrower relationship with UNDP was also satisfactory, particularly UNDP's flexibility in increasing technical assistance funds during the extended project implementation period. 11. Consulting Services 11.1 As noted in paras 5.15, services rendered by the consultants financed by UNDP grant was generally satisfactory. However, some weaknesses in their proposed O&M plans are noted in para 5. 11. - 14 - 11.2 Civil works were always completed late due to late calling of tenders and award of contracts, difficulties in management of numerous small reaches and award of concrete works to inexperienced contractors. These factors resulted in many contracts being terminated and the subsequent delays in re-tendering and fresh awards. It was further adversely affected by the late distribution of equipment. GOB subsequently introduced contracts on a turnkey basis in 1989, under which contractors had to supply their own equipment and other resources, in an attempt to improve efficiency of contractors and to avoid delays in supply by BWDB. However, implementation of these new procedures encountered difficulties. BWDB did not have the capacity to test building materials from many small contractors. Furthermore the small conractors employed did not have sufficient capital to advance for materials which absorb at least 60% of the tender sum. (This may indicate that contract sizes were too small to attract more substantial contractors and that there were inadequacies in prequalification of contractors' financial capacity.) 12. Project Documentation and Data 12.1 The SAR and the Development Credit Agreement provided a satisfactory overall implementation framework for IDA, Borrower and BWDB. The feasibility studies of four subprojects provided sufficient data for the project appraisal. Project documentation during implementation which comprised the feasibility studies and engineering designs of 17 subprojects were sufficiently detailed to ensure effective implementation. The portfolio of subprojects for implementation was reduced initially to 19 and eventually 17 due to funding and timing constraints as well as low economic viability of one scheme. However, constraints of land acquisition and the delays on other pre-construction activities reduced the usefulness of the appraisal target projections. 12.2 The progress reports on physical and financial achievements of subprojects provided a good basis for the preparation of the PCR. However, accounts were not kept in sufficient detail to allow realistic comparison with the appraisal estimates and to provide actual status of the subprojects, since separate accounts were not maintained according to either project components or expenditure categories. Also, information is insufficient for a fully satisfactory assessment of the project impact, as no post-evaluation studied have been conducted. However, the six socio-economic bench mark surveys, crop data provided by DAE and additional interviews with farmers by the mission in five subproject areas served as basis for the financial and economic re-evaluation in the PCR. - 15 - PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT BANGLADESH BANGLADESH WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD (BWDB) SMALL SCHEMES PROJECT (Credit No. 1467-BD) PART II: PROJECT REVIEW FROM BORROWER'S PERSPECTIVE 1. Bank Performance Supervision of World Bank, RMB, Dhaka was excellent, particularly their suggestion regarding O&M activities, training, quality control, etc. encouraged BWDB personnel. 2. Borrowers Performance Delay in project implementation may be attributed mainly to land acquisition and secondly late release of fund. There are some minor causes also such as revision of design, procurement of equipments, etc. Such short-comings will be taken care of in future. 3. Relation between the Bank and the Borrower Relationship between BWDB and World Bank, RMB, Dhaka was good and cooperative. 4. Performance of Co-financiers There was a Co-financier in IDA Aided Subproject namely UNDP, (TA Grant BGD/84/011). Relationship between BWDB and UNDP was satisfactory. - 16 - PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT BANGLADESH BANGLADESH WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD (BWDB) SMALL SCHEMES PROJECT (Credit No. 1467-BD) PART m: STATISTICAL INFORMATION 1. Related IDA Credits Credit No. Title Year of Status Approval Cr. 340-BD Chanpur Irrigation n Project 1972 Closed Cr. 864-BD Drainage & Flood Control Project 1978 Closed Cr. 955-BD Small Scale Drainage & Flood Control Project 1979 Closed Cr. 1184-BD Drainage & Flood Control n1 Project 1981 Closed Cr. 1587-BD Flood Rehabilitation Project 1985 Closed Cr. 1591-BD Third Flood Control & Drainage Project 1985 Closed Cr. 1784-BD Fourth Flood Control & Drainage Project 1987 Closed Cr. 1870-BD Small Scale Flood Control, Drainage and Irrigation n Project 1988 Closed Cr. 1876-BD Second Flood Rehabilitation Project 1988 Closed Cr. 2048-BD Third Flood Rehabilitation Project 1989 Closed Cr.2099-BD BWDB Systems Rehabilitation Project 1990 In Progress - 17 - 2. Project Timetable Item Date Planned Date Revised Date Actual Preparation a/ 1982-1983 Appraisal June 1983 Negotiations February 1984 Board Approval May 1, 1984 Credit Signature May 18, 1984 Credit Effectiveness b- August 16, 1984 November'84, March'85 April 16, 1985 Project Completion June 30, 1989 June '90, June '91, June '92, October 31, 1993 June '93 Credit Closing December 31, 1989 Dec. '90, Dec. '91, Dec.' 92, June 30, 19932 June '93 a/ Preparation of feasibility reports of four subprojects for appraisal, including Kangsha River Flood Control and Drainage, Kalaroa Drainage, Bighai River Flood Control and North Chenchuri Beel Irrigation subprojects, financed under the IDA Fourth Technical Assistance Project (Cr. 1124-BD). b! Date of planned Credit effectiveness was postponed due to delays in the acquisition of land and the completion of the engineering designs of subprojects scheduled for the implementation in the first financial year. 9 Closing Date was maintained at December 31, 1992 except for the coastal embankment rehabilitation works added to the Credit after the April 1991 Cyclone, and one equipment contract. 3. Credit Disbursements (SDR million) FY85 FY86 FY87 FY88 FY89 FY90 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 Appraisal Estimate 4.20 13.60 23.60 32.90 38.90 40.20 40.20 40.20 40.20 40.20 Actual 2.93 3.39 5.33 7.88 12.61 16.46 19.06 24.77 39.26 40.15 Actual as % of 70 25 23 24 32 41 47 62 98 100 Appraisal Estimate Date of Final Disbursement: November 2, 1993. Comments: Total disbursements were SDR 40.15 million, including SDR 9.22 million for the rehabilitation of the coastal embankments and SDR 5.27 million for the rehabilitation of 26 completed schemes not financed under the project. Due mainly to substantial depreciation of US dollar against SDR, total disbursements in US dollar terms increased to 53.43 million. - 18 - 4. Project Implementation Key Indicators (June 1993) SAR Actual Actual as % of SAR Land Acquisition (ha) 1,639!f 1,120 u 68 Civil Works: - No. Subprojects 27 17 63 - Benefitted Area (ha) 91,125 105,089 115 FCD: - No. Subprojects 8 8 100 - Benefitted Area (ha) 25,920 44,404 171 Drainage: No. Subprojects 8 1 13 - No. Subprojects 31,590 12,270 39 - Benefined Area (ha) FC: - No. Subprojects 6 6 100 - Benefitted Area (ha) 23,895 46,978 197 Irrigation: - No. Subprojects 5 2 40 - Benefited Area (ha) 9,720 4,137 43 Vehicles (No.) 243 94 ' 39 Equipment (No.) 219 135 f' 62 No. Subprojects under Pilot O&M " 26 f Technical Assistance (staff-months): 1,122 1,620 144 - Foreign Consultants 64 72 113 - Local Consultants 1,058 1,548 146 Polder Committees (No.) 27 17 63 3' Total land required for 17 subprojects estimated from the engineering designs but after the reduction in scope of 3 subprojects (Halda Extension, Tarial Pachuria and Gangajhuri). f Total land possession received at project closure in June 1993. The remaining 519 ha have already been acquired through local arrangements, under which landowners agreed and surrendered land for conatruction to BWDB with assurance that land compensation will be made after completion of official formalities at the DC offices. f Reduced number of vehicle and equipment due to GOB's restriction on import and an introduction in 1989 of contracts on a turn key basis, under which contractors have to supply their own equipment and other resources. dJ Not specified at appraisal. f Funds were utilized for rehabilitation/rectification works of 26 completed schemes not financed under the project. - 19 5. Project Costs and Financing A. Project Costs Appraisal Actual] Estimate a! Esti;mate b/ (Tk million) (IUS$ million) (Tk million) (USS million) Investigations and Surveys 10.08 0.40 14.86 0.45 Land Acquisition 182.()1 7.32 183.78 5.37 Civil Works: - 19 Subprojects 675 31) 27.01 1,022.73 29.63 Equipment 8') 37 3.58 183.34 4.94 Operation and Maintenanice: - Subprojects 71.11 2.84 15.75 0.41 - Pilot Programme 275.1(1 11.00 296.68 9.33 Engineering & Administration 88.82 3.56 188.20 5.50 Technical Assistance & Training 57 14 2.30 101.57 2.56 Food For Works Programme (FFWP) 52.81 1.33 Total Costs 1,449.83 58.00 2,059.72 59.52 Including physical and contingencies. Excluding the costs of about Tk 482.00 million (US$12.63 million) for the rehabilitation of the cyclone damaged coastal embankments. Contnents: The actual total project costs are estimated at Tk 2,059.72 million (Annex 1, Table 5), including Tk 296.68 million (US$9.33 million) for the rehabilitation/rectification of 26 completed schemes not financed under the project, Tk 52.81 million for earthworks financed under FFWP and FY94 ADP allocations of T'k 132.50 million, including Tk 19.15 million for completion of the rectification works of 8 subprojects, Tk 100.10 million for the installation of pumps in the Halda Extension subprojects and Tk 13.25 million for engineering and administration. Excluding the costs for rehabilitation of 26 schemes (Tk 296.68 million), the construction costs of the Madhabpur and Perizpur- Hizalgachi subprojects dropped during implementation (about Tk 3.13 million, US$0.09 million), the costs of technical assistance for the preparation of feasibilities studies and designs of subprojeces not implemented under the project and the preparation of O&M works plans under the pilot O&M programme (about Tk 24.77 million, U rS$0.64 million) and the procurement of equipment for the pilot O&M progranmne (Tk 6.8 million, US$0.18 million), the actual total costs of the 17 subprojects are about Tk 1,728.34 million, 54% higher than the appraisal estimates of Tk 1120.00 million. The cost overrun was due mainly to the significant increases in the unit cost of land acquisition, construction works, and the delayed construction programme resulting in the substantial increases in the overhead costs (engineering and administration) and the technical assistance required for monitoring of the construction programme. However, in US dollar terms, due to substantial depreciation of the Bangladesh Taka against the US dollar during the project implementation period, total costs of 17 subprojects are about $49.28 million, or 10% higher than the appraisal estimates of US$44.80 million. Expressed in FY94 Taka constant terms, total costs of 17 subprojects are Tk 2043.29 million, or 5% higher than the appraisal estimates of Tk 1954.40 million (Annex 2, Table 17). B. Project Financing (US$ million) Planned Final UNDP 2.00 2.47 IDA 41.50 53.431a Farmers' Contributions 3.20 y GOB 11.30 16.25 Total 58.00 72.15 1' Notes: UNDP grant fund covered the technical assistance and training, while farmers' contributions included on-farm ditches and drains. a/ Including US$12.63 million (SDR 9.22 million) allocated from the Credit savings for the rehabilitation of the coastal embankments, about US$7.00 million (SDR 5.27 million) utilized for the rehabilitation of 26 completed schemes disbursed under the pilot O&M component. b/Data on farmers actual costs for on-farm irrigation ditches and drains are not available. c/ Total project costs included US$12.63 for the rehabilitation of the coastal embankments, US$9.33 million for the rehabilitation of 26 othet completed schemes and US$1.33 million financed under FFWP. - 20 - 6. Project Results A. Direct Benefits Appraia Actual/ EsFimate PCR Fstimate Benefitted Area (ha) 91,125 107,789 Incremental Production (tonlyear) 109,500 184,400 No. of Farm Families 80,000 92,300 IncrementaI Farm Employment (staff-days, million) 5.9 4.0 f' In FY94 constant prices. B. Economic Impact ERR (%) Appraisal Fsimate PCR Estimate - Subprojects f' 21-40 12-30 - Whole Project v 30 25.2 Assumptions: - Project Life (years) 30 30 - Standard Conversion Factor 0.83 0.83 f Kangsha FCD, Kalaroa drainage, Bighai FC and Chenchuri Beel irrigation. v At appraisal, ERR of the whole project was extrapolated based on ERRs of four subprojeets. The same extrapolation asnumptions plus the results of an analysis of the Halda Irrigation Project were used in the PCR. C. Financial Impact Incremental Annsal Net Farm lncomes-3 acre farms (Tk)1 Apprais PCR Estimate Estimate FCD 5,850 8,000 Irrigation 13,140 36,000 11 FY94 Constant prices. D. Studies Not Applicable - 21 - 7. Status of Covenants Section Status f Oziginal Revised Description of Covenant Comments DCA Date Date 3.01 (a) OKI The Borrower shall carry out the project Project implementation seriously through BWDB with due diligence and delayed due to inadequate GOB funds efficiently in conformity with appropriate up to 1990, untimely land acquisition administrative, financial and engineering and weak project coordination and practices and provide promptly as needed management. Procurement of the funds, facilities, service and other equipment was held up due to delays resources required for the purposes. in the evaluation process by BWDB. 3.03 OK January 1, 1985 Selection of subprojects and appointment - of implementing consultant. 3.04(c) OK April 1, 1985 Furnish plan for monitoring the benefits Delayed by one year as consultant on and evaluation of impact. UNDP grant funds was appointed in February 1986. 3.06 OKI Sufficiently in Acquire land as and when required. Serious delays due to the lengthy and advance of cumbersome land acquisition construction procedures, inadequate funding and required. lack of foUow-up by staff of BWDB at DC offices and by DPS m at ML&LR. 3.08 OKI January 1, 1985 for Work programme and staff requirements O&M proposals for 4 divisions 1 division and July for the pilot O&M programme. received and work plans prepared by 1, 1985 for the consultants in 1986 but not remaining 3 implemented. divisions. 4.01 (c) OK Within 9 months Audit reports. Audit reports were often submitted after end of fiscal with delays. year. 4.02 (b) NC January 1, 1986. Submit proposal for transferring O&M No proposal has yet been prepared responsibilities to PCs. even at project closure. This covenant has subsequently been removed from this Credit, and it is being pursued under the on-going Systems Rehabilitation Project (Cr. 2099-BD). 4.03 NC Collection of water Water charges recovery. No water charges have yet been rates at 30% by implemented. This covenant has 1986, 67% by 1988 subsequently been removed from this and 100% by 1990. Credit, and it is being pursued under the ongoing Systems Rehabilitation Project (Cr. 2099-BD) under which a atudy is being carried out at the Karnafuri Irrigation Project by consultants. OK =Covenant complied with. OK1 =Partial compliance. NC -Not complied. - 22 - 8. IJse of Bank Resources A. Staff Inputs (Staff Weeks) TIk LENP LENA LENN SPN Total Pte-FY82 1.S 1.8 FY32 5.6 5.6 FY33 7.7 15.9 23.7 FY34 44.5 4.9 2.9 52.3 FY85 19.0 19.0 FY36 2S.3 28.3 FY37 27.0 27.0 FY33 18.3 13.3 FY89 11.2 11.2 FY90 18.4 18.4 FY91 15.0 15.0 FY92 20.3 20.3 FY93 15.9 15.9 FY94 14.6 f 14.6 Todal 15.1 60.4 4.9 190.9 2713 Y lncluding 12.8 staff weeks for PCR. LENP - Activities prior to appraisal. LENA - Activitis ted to appraisl. LENN - Negotiation activities. SPN - Supervision time. PCR - Project Compntion Report. - 23 - B. Missions Type of Date No. of Man-days in Specialization Performance Rating Trend Problums (Month/Year) Sent By Persons Field - F Preparation f 1982-1983 A B C D Appraisal 6/83 IDA 4 84 2A,B,E Supervision I 10-11/84 IDA 2 4 A,E - - - - - nI 4/85 IDA 1 10 E 1 2 2 2 2 T,M HI 10/85 IDA 3 13 2A,D 2 2 2 2 2 F,M IV 4-5/86 IDA 2 63 A,E 2 1 2 2 1 F,T V 10-11/86 IDA 2 18 2E 1 2 2 2 2 M VI 3-4/87 IDA I 10 E 2 3 3 3 2 F,M VII 11-12/87 IDA 3 75 2E,D 2 2 3 2 2 F,M vm 4-5/88 IDA 3 75 2E,D 3 3 3 3 3 F,M ix 11-12/88 IDA 3 60 2E,D 3 3 2 3 3 F,M X 4/89 IDA 3 48 2E,D 3 2 2 3 2 F,M Xi 11/89 IDA 3 48 2E,d 2 2 2 2 2 F,M XII 5/90 IDA 4 68 3E,D 3 2 2 3 3 F,M xm 11-12/90 IDA 3 72 2E,D 3 2 2 3 3 F,M XIV 748/91 IDA 3 160 3E,D 2 3 2 2 3 F,M XV 12/91 IDA 3 60 2E,D 2 3 2 2 3 F,M XVI 5-6/92 IDA 3 60 3E 1 3 2 2 3 M xvii 12/92 IDA 3 45 2E,D 1 3 3 3 3 M XVIII 6-8/93 IDA 3 45 2E,D 1 2 3 3 1 M f Preparation of feasibility studies of 4 subprojects by Consltants financed under the Fourth Technical Assistance Project (Cr.I 124-BD). ' A = Agriculture; B =Economics; C =Programme Officer; D =Disburaement; E = Engineer. f Performance Rating: A = availability of funds; B =project management; C =development impact; D = overall status. I = Problem-frec or minor problems; 2 =Moderate problems; 3 =Major problems. f Trend: I =improving; 2 =stationary; 3 =deteriorating. f Type of problems: F -Financial; T -Technical; M -Management. C. Costs Not Available - 25 - ANNEX 1 Subproject, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND PROJECT COSTS CONTENTS TABLES: 1. Status of Subprojects 2.1 and 2.2. Physical Achievements of Subprojects 3. Summary Findings of the Operational Status Surveys 4. Technical Assistance 5.1 and 5.2. Project Actual Costs 6. Procurement of Equipment -26- Annex 1 Table 1 BANGLADESH BWD B Small Schemes Project (CR 1467 - BD) Project Completon Report Status of Sub- Projects Sub-projects Typeol Gross Aea(ha) Net Area (ha) Year Year Constructiom OperationStatus of Land (ha) Subprojects Value Commence Complion duration (yr) Status required possession received 1. Sakuchia Island FCD 4310 3924 5/88 6/91 3.1 FO 228.36 106.23 2. Kangsha River FCD 11620 9828 3185 6/91 6.3 PO 137.70 135.69 3. Polder52153 A&B FCO 8030 6440 1t89 6/91 2.4 FO 263.00 24.50 4.Tarall Pachurla FCD 4150 3161 1/89 6192 3.4 FO 3.11 3.11 5. Sutid River FCD 810 810 12/85 6/86 0.6 FO 2.02 2.02 6. Polder56/57 Ext FCD 1520 1430 4/87 6/89 2.2 FO 54.64 32.85 7. Ganggaihuri FCD 15850 13200 3/87 6/92 5.3 FO 155.89 155.89 8. Bighai River FC 6900 4858 3/85 6/91 6.3 PO 96.12 95.12 9. Polder 39/1A FC 11750 9400 5186 6191 5.1 FO 80.00 80.00 10. Rahimpui Khal PC 10930 10120 12/87 6/89 1.6 FO 1.81 1.81 11. Polder 39/IA FC 5870 4700 3/87 6/89 2.2 FO 27.78 27.78 12. Kalisdashkhall-Akpara fC 16150 12170 1/87 6193 6.5 FO 275.00 221.13 13. Paisarthat-Ramsil FC 7280 5730 4/87 6192 5.2 FO 142.89 110.85 14. Aol Beel D 15750 12270 3/87 6190 3.3 FO 27.00 0.00 15. Kalaroa D 8090 5611 2185 6/87 2.5 PO 39.24 19.95 16. Chenchtri Beel 1 1335 1037 1/89 6/94 5.5 NO 24.48 24.48 17. Halda Extension I 4230 3100 4/88 6/94 6.2 NO 80.06 78.69 Total 134575 107789 1639.10 1120.10 FCD-flood control and drainage FC-flood control D= drainage I-irrigation 1/ Operation statusas December 1993. FO-iu1993. FO-fully operational: PO-partially operational;NO-not operational Source: Project management Unit (PMU) PMU) BANGLADESH 8WO SoLiL Sdicrries Proecls (Cr. 1 467-BD) ProIcCI Conipicilon1 ACp(l Pliyslcnl Actievcincits Of Sulb-fo)CCIs DcscrIlpllon Utill SLW-ROILCI Sib-loial KDlaroa ClhCncltil KInilgsi1 BigIal StAkt Polder RahimpLr Poldcr Kalldash- Polder Bccl lwcr Mver Rhvnr 39/1 A KhiI 39/1 C kinll-Npa 66/67 Ext EARTHWOFI(S - EmbItfnirricnI krn 25.8 22.7 40 15 12.7 11.1 127.3 - ClostUe Fno 6 14 5 1 2G - nod Idprovoitnrt krri 0 - Dralingc cnrals kin 21.4 6 34 5.8 16.3 92 175.5 - krlgnlloticallnls kilt 16.4 164 STRUCTURES llydItullcCsktucItrcsCIFtaInl 305 .nefguLalor no 5 G 8 1 1 1 6 6 1 37 . Fltusing sItLIc no 4 10 30 5 I 50 . Irfloat1o0 cnf%al sIrutcie no 152 152 . Irlgallon 1l cI no 38 16 54 . Oulict saiucitie no 6 5 11 Gracc cortrd slrudtrc nK) I t PuioIp)liK slillon no 2 2 Orldkg/cLiveri no 10 13 23 t/ldl3igd no 6 6 EQUIPMENT - Puinps [la 4 4 Soirce: Ptorpess Rcpo Is. PMU. BANGLADESH BWDB S Scenecs PF o)ccl I (CR. 1467-BD) Proiecl Comr)lellolflcpoet Ptryslical Actilevenertls of Sib- Projecis Ileni Unil Slit)-I) oject Toall Total Acltnt ---------------------------------------------------------------…- based on AcILrI as % of GariqajitxI ArolB ccl PalsarInlt HidnI 1/ Tarail 1/ Poider Sakticli design design I/ Rafrisil Exicitslon Pachtfila 62/63 IslInd cstiTnIc esitinic EARTHWORI(S - Emnb:arrient kml 50.6 15.1 53 7 26.5 401 273.2 68 - Clostic rio 4 8 9 47 47 100 - Rond laiprovemcit km 5.7 25 30.7 - DaInage canals kml 124 70 13.6 1.9 42.8 545 428 78 - Irrigaton canals kii 16 78 32 42 STRUCTURES - Hydlautlc siruclttrcs In IoIal no 818 784 96 . Reguialor nTo 5 2 4 24 3 7 5 87 1 . Fitsltiln shicc no 3 1 36 90 . IfFIgaIon canal sirucixo no 152 lIrigallon file( no 27 44 . 125 . Otillet siriclItc nKo 13 .24 . Gade con0iol stIc1lieC no 1 - Pumpirxj slallon no 2 4 4 100 - Bldtge/cttvcrl no n 3 4 65 38 58 - BLiltilrx no 1 3 4 14 EQUIPIVENT - Pqgrljl) no 6 10 so,icc: n rxjcss neporis. PMU. 1/ Reduced In scopc ol works. -29- BANGLADESH Annex 1 BWDB Srnall Schemes project Table 3 (CR. 1,467-BD)Tae3 Project Completion Report Summary Findings of the Operational Status Surveys (November 1992) …-- - ---- - - - - - --- - - - -…-- - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - --- - - - - - --- - - - - - - -_ Sub-project Description Findings Polder 39/1A Embankments in poor condition, showing cuts Sluices 4 need protective works 9 flapgates damaged. 1 gate missing in S3 Closures cut by public at Choto Kathaltali public obstruction Khals silted-up Polder 3911C Embankments breached at 3 locations R/S slopes slided down Sluices block protection works partly damaged 7 flapgates damaged flushing sluices not functioning properly Khals silted-up Sakuchia Island Embankments R/S slopes show damage Sluices 3 loose aprons damacged Closures R/S slope of 3 closures shovw damage Polder 56/17 Embankments damage by wave acti :n over 2.75 km Drain tail end silted-up Sluices scouring u/s and d/s Polder 52/53 Embankments R/S slope damaged p. l.iy Regulators R/S apron damaged . 5 sluices flap gates and rubber seals damaged lift gtes damaged in :wo sluices Biahai Embankments gap of 6.3 km, 2 km cr,oded by shifting channe! 16 km partially dama;ec: open at 4 khals Sluices aprons damaged, sczur holes erosion at 6 sluices Irrigation canals blocked by roads Paisarha-Ramsil Embankments need resectioning public objection against closures at Bova-tia Kha: Regulators loose aprons damaged at 3 regulators flap gates at 2 regulators Closure 1 incomplete Drain congesticn because of lack- of link wvith low areas Kangsha River Drain siltation by approx. 1 m Embankments side-slopes damaged by wave-action Gangaihuri Drain only 2.3 km out of 5.4 km completed drainage congestion in some areas Old Sutki River Drain silted-up Rahimpur Khal Regulators siltation u/s and d/s of structures Halda Extension Pumping stamions not yet complete Irrigation system not yet complete Chenchuri Beel Pumping stations not yet complete Irrigation system 5.8 km of canal incomplete Kalidashkhafi-Arpara Drains 13.6 km incomplete, obstruction by population local drainage problem Arol Beel Drains 800 ha suffer from drainage problems Kalaroa Sluices 4 out of 5 sluices not functioning properly because of siltation in Betna River outfall -------.-------------------------------------------------------__ BANGLADESI I OWD0 Sitiall .clenies Ptoject Annox I (CR. 14G77-B0) Table 4 Projoct Compblion roport Tochnical Assislanco Descriplion Number of Sub- projecis Numbor ofman-Months ---------------------------------------------------------__------------------__------------------------ total PrC/EC Prnc Total Fotoign local SAR aclual actual as actual actual Aclual as % SAIn SAR actual % SAIR SAR actual SAR aclual IDENTIFICATION 51 51 100 15 36 STLD Y FEASIBIUTY 1/ 35 33 94 15 I1 192 NA 24 NA 168 NA STLUOY DETAILED DESIGN 2/ 27 25 93 a 17 836 NA 36 NA 800 NA 1028 NA 60 66 968 NA CONSTRUCTION 31 27 19 70 0 19 90 NA 90. NA o MONITORING O&M MANUALS 27 ii 41 0 11 PILOT O&M 4 6 150 4 6 STUDIES (divisions) 4 4 100 0 4 Dench mark Surveys - II 1I Total 4/ 1122 1620 144 64 72 1058 1548 I/ Two feasibility studies prepared by PRC/ECI wero roviewed by EPC. In addition, Ihl Rahimpur Klial was preparod by BWDB. 2/ The dosigns oa tour sub-propcls Inilialed by PRC/ECI were compinlod by EPC. 3/ Initially 27 sub-prolocis wore approved by BWDB for implementalion but Iheso woro reducod to 19 sub-projecis In 1987 and evontually to 17 In 1989. 4/ Total SAn eslimates did not Included man-montihs of PlC as Ihese were financed under Ihe Fourth Technical Assistanco Projoct, and iho bench mark surveys whiichi wero not eslimated al appraisal. Total aclual was oxcluded man-monihs of PRC. Hi Ban)gladesh BWDB Small Scheines Project (Cr. 1467-BD) Project Coinpiltion Repoit Projea Aclual Cosis(Tl( Million) FY85 FY86 FY07 FY08 FY89 FY90 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 Total 1.lnvesligalions&Sinvey 0.95 1.90 2.45 1.26 1.34 2.29 1.20 3.39 0.00 0.00 14.06 2.La-idAculijisiliorn G.B2 10.00 7.56 12.87 18.26 31.56 34.78 30.43 23.50 0.00 183.78 3.Civil Works 14I.00 35.20 51.56 51.71 149.00 196.03 211 .0 200.96 92.36 19.15 1022.73 4.EquLipmIcnl0. 0. 0.00 18.60 0.44 6.00 . n.05 20.07 0.32 20.00 100.10 183.34 5.O&M Cosis -SLib-projects 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 9.9Al 5.5D 0.00 15.75 u -Pilol Programme 0.00 19.29 63.00 73.70 65.43 63.77 11.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 296.68 ' Sub-tlotal 0.00 19.29 63.00 73.711 65.43 63.77 11.67 9.91 5.58 0.00 312.43 G. Emng.&Admirnisiration 3.28 5.85 27.47 7.50 40.70 10.09 35.91 32.55 10.80 13.25 100.20 7.TecdumicalAssist.mncc 30.00 21.30 15.47 6.00 2.30 13.22 5.38 3.19 4.71 0.00 101.57 8.FFWP 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.89 31.92 52.01 Total Costs 55.85 101.62 186.19 161.56 203.91 325.81 321.77 280.75 177.84 164.42 2059.72 Source: Project Maitageitient Unit (PMU) H 0.W t - BANGLADESH BWDB Small Schemes Project (Cr. 1467-BD) - Project Completion Report Actual Project Costs (Tk Million) FY85 FY86 FY87 FY88 FY89 FY90 FY91 FY92 FY93 FY94 Total Investigaticn&Survey 0.95 1.90 2.45 1.26 1.34 2.29 1.28 3.39 0.00 0.00 14.86 Land Acquisition 6.82 18.00 7.56 12.87 18.26 31.56 34.78 30.43 23.50 0.00 183.78 Civil Works1/ 14.72 35.26 50.91 49.33 149.00 196.03 211.88 200.96 92.36 19.15 1019.60 O&M of Sub-projects 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 9.91 5.58 0.00 15.75 Eng.&Administration 3.28 5.85 27.47 7.50 40.70 10.89 35.91 32.55 10.80 13.25 188.20 Equipment2/ 0.00 0.00 14.95 6.75 5.50 8.05 20.87 0.32 20.00 100.10 176.54 FFWP 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.89 31.92 52.81 Technical Assistance3/ 20.10 14.27 10.36 4.02 1.55 13.22 5.38 I 3.19 4.71 0.00 76.80 Total 45.87 75.28 113.70 81.73 216.35 262.04 310.36 280.75 177.84 164.42 1728.34 > Source: Project Management Unit (PMU) 1/ Excluding Perizpur-Hizalgachi and Madhapur sub-projects which were dropped from the implementation in 1989 (Tk3.13 million) 2/Estimated at about 80% of total costs of equipment procured during FY87-FY89 to exclude the costs of equipment procured for the pilot O&M programme. 3/ Estimated at about two-thirds of the total costs of technical assistance duwing FY85-FY89 to exclude the costs of the feasibility study, engineering designs of sub-projects not implemented under the project, and the preparation of O&M wark plans for the pilot O&M programme. -33- Annex 1 Table 6 * BANGLADESH BWDB Small Schemes Project (CR. 1467-50) Project Completion Report Procurement of Equipment Desaiplion Unit Strengthening BWDB Pilot O&M program SAR Actual SAR Actual CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT - Concrete mixer no 40 40 - Air Compressors no 3 - Vibrating compactor no 8 6 - Dewatering pump. generator,compressor no 15 10 - Concrete vibrator 1/ no 80 - Jetting Pumps 1/ no 4 - Well point system 1/ no 4 - Generators 1/ no 2 TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT - Speedboat no 6 4 17 3 - Outboard engine no 0 4 0 6 - Truck 2/ no 3 - Mlinibus 2/ no 2 - Car 2/ no 1 - 4 WO vehicle no 10 8 26 11 - Pick-up no 8 5 - Motor cycle no 30 30 80 23 - Bicycle no 60 OFFICE EQUIPMENT - Photocopying macnine no 4 4 - Type writer no I2 12 - Desion/otfice eauipment itern no 47 63 TOTAL no 263 i7C .3 Total actual as : cf total SAR *. 65 30 1/ cancelled by BWDB, with approva! cl IDA 2! No procurement due to GoB's import restric:ions. - 35 - ANNEX 2 FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC RE-EVALUATION CONTENTS A. Agricultureal Impact B. Farm Incomes C. Economic Re-evaluation TABLES: 1-28 - 36 - ANNEX 2 FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC RE-EVALUATION A. AGRICULTURAL IMPACT 1. At appraisal, the increase in agricultural production was quantified from about 91,125 ha of crop land, which were affected by flooding and inadequate drainage in the monsoon season and lacked irrigation supplies in the dry season. The projected production levels were to be achieved with existing irrigation equipment and without major changes in the availability of extension advice. Project works were expected to create cropping conditions that would encourage beneficiaries to adopt improved farming practices, including shifts from broadcasting to transplanting paddy, use of high yielding varieties (HYV) instead of low yielding paddy varieties, dry season cultivation, supplemental irrigation during wet season, and the increased input use these changes would require. Without the project, only modest production gains were to be expected, resulting from small yield increases due to extension efforts and farmers' own initiatives over time to improve their cultivation practices. 2. In flood control and drainage sub-projects, where some irrigation equipment was already used, the main impact was to be the introduction of T. Aman (HYV), followed by some expansion of T. Aus (HYV) and wheat cultivation. In irrigation sub-projects, farmers would be able to start dry season cultivation of Boro and grow T. Aman with supplementary irrigation in the monsoon season. Cropping intensities were expected to increase by 25 % from 138% at present to 163% in flood control and drainage sub-projects, and by 33% from 133% to 166% in irrigated sub-projects. Expected yield increases with the project would be moderate, not exceeding 10% for all crops. Thus, the projected production increases were to result chiefly from shifts in cropping patterns and higher cropping intensities. 3. Estimates of present, without project (WOP) and with project (WP) crop production for the entire project were extrapolations based on the assumption that the unappraised sub- projects were, on average, to produce the same results as the four appraised sub-projects, including Kangsha River Flood Control and Drainage (FCD), Kaloroa Drainage, Bighai River Flood Control (FC) and Chenchuri Irrigation sub-projects. 4. Based on the above benefited areas, cropping intensities and yields, annual incremental production at full development (paddy, wheat, jute and oilseeds, etc.) was estimated at about 109,500 tons increasing froni 251,200 tons in WOP situation to about 360,700 tons in WP situation. 5. At project completion, cropping patterns, cropped areas and crop yields in WOP and WP situations of the 5 sub-projects (Kangsha, Kaloroa, Bighai, Chenchuri and Halda Extension), are based on limited data from the socio-economic bench mark surveys, crop data provided by DAE and additional interviews with farmers within and outside these 5 sub-projects conducted by the PCR mission in March 1994. In addition, because the Chenchuri and Halda Extension sub-projects were then not yet in operation, the crop production WP was based on the agricultural development trend of the Kanarfuri Irrigation sub-project financed under the Small Scale Flood Control, Drainage and Irrigation Project (Cr. 1870-BD) and interviews with farmers. - 37 - 6. The project has completed 17 sub-projects, covering 107,789 ha of net crop land (Annex 1, Table 1) which is 18% higher than the appraisal estimates. The total areas benefiting from the 15 FCD sub-projects increased by 27% from about 81,405 ha to about 103,652 ha. However, due to the reduction of the irrigation sub-projects from the original 5 to 2 and the substantially reduced service area in the Halda Extension sub-project, total areas benefiting from the two irrigation sub-projects reduced by 57 % from 9,720 ha to about 4,137 ha (1,037 ha in the Chenchuri Beel and 3,100 ha in the Halda Extension). The cropping intensities have increased by 23%-36% from 146%-155% in WOP to 169%-191% in WP in the 3 FCD sub-projects, and by 40% from 160% in WOP to 200% in the 2 irrigation sub-projects (Annex 2, 18-22). Overall yields of paddy have increased by 10%-50%, ranging from 10%-15% in FCD to 30%-50% in irrigation sub-projects (Annex 2, Tables 1-4). 7. Based on the above benefited areas, cropping intensities and yields, annual incremental production at full development (paddy, wheat, jute and oilseeds, etc.) is estimated at about 184,400 tons representing an increase from 760,600 tons in WOP situation to about 945,000 tons in WP situation. The higher incremental food production is due mainly to the larger crop area and higher incremental yields of paddy. B. FARM INCOMES 8. At appraisal, the impact of the project on farm incomes has been analyzed for two 3- acre owner-operator farms, to reflect the impact of the flood control and drainage sub-projects and irrigation sub-projects. Based on the assumed per ha financial crop budgets in WOP and WP situations, cropping patterns and crop budgets in Annex 5.2, Tables 1-4 of the SAR, expressed in FY'84 constant value, annual net farm income were estimated to increase by about 28% from Tk 11,580 in WOP to Tk 14,830 in WP for the FCD sub-projects, and by 93% from Tk 7,830 to Tk 15,130 for the irrigation sub-projects. Re-stated in FY'94 constant prices, incremental annual net farm incomes would have been Tk 5,850 and Tk 13,140 respectively. 9. The effect of the project on farm incomes have been re-estimated for the two 3-acre owner-operator farms. The per ha financial crop budgets in WOP and WP situations for the FCD and irrigation sub-projects are shown in Annex 2, Tables 1-4 and the cropping patterns of 3-acre farms in Annex 2, Tables 6-7. The irrigation costs in WOP and WP have been based on the average irrigation costs of low lift pump and shallow tube well as shown in Annex 2, Tables 9- 10. Based on the above assumptions, annual net farm incomes at full development from 3-acre owner-operator farms are re-estimated to increase by 35% from about Tk 22,850 in WOP to Tk 30,850 in WP for the FCD sub-projects, and by 170% from Tk 21,000 to Tk 57,000 for the irrigation sub-projects. The estimated incremental annual farm incomes of the two farms are Tk 8,000-Tk 36,000, reflecting real increases of 37%-170% over the appraisal estimates. C. ECONOMIC RE-EVALUATION 10. At appraisal, the economic rates of return (ERRs) undertaken in FY'84 constant prices were estimated at 21 % -40% for 4 sub-projects (35 % for Kangsha FCD, 40% Kalaroa drainage, 26% for Bighai FC and 21% for Chenchuri irrigation) and 30% for the whole project. The following assumptions were used in the analysis: - project life of 30 years, including a construction period of 2 years; - 38 - economic farm-gate prices of paddy, wheat, jute, oilseeds and fertilizers were based on average projected 1985, 1990 and 1995 world market prices expressed in FY'84 constant prices; prices of non-traded goods and services were adjusted by a Standard Conversion Factor (SCF) of 0.83; all project's investment costs, excluding the pilot decentralized O&M programme, were included in the analysis; the development of irrigated areas in FCD sub-projects has been assumed to be achieved with existing irrigation equipment; total net cultivated area of 91,125 ha for the whole project; and extrapolations of the combined ERRs of the four appraised sub-projects were used as a basis for the calculation of ERR of the whole project. 11. The PCR re-evaluation of the project's ERRs follows the appraisal assumptions. The main differences are: the average construction period of 5 years within the project life of 30 years; actual project costs by sub-projects have been restated in FY'94 constant prices, using GDP deflator indices for local costs and MWV index for foreign exchange component (Annex 2, Table 17) and adjusted into border prices by using SCF 0.83. Total investment costs of the project and sub-projects excluded the rehabilitation costs of 26 completed schemes utilizing funds from the pilot O&M programme, the costs of equipment procured for the pilot O&M programme, and technical assistance for the preparation of feasibility studies and designs of sub-projects not financed under the project and the O&M work plans for four pilot division; average FY'90-FY'95 projected world market prices of rice, wheat, oilseeds, jute, sugar cane and fertilizers expressed in FY'94 constant value were used in the analysis (Annex 2, Table 8). A summary of economic prices of outputs and inputs is presented in Annex 2, Table 5; per ha economic crop budgets in WOP and WP situations are presented i n Annex 2, Tables 13-14 for FCD sub-projects and Tables 15-16 for the inio6 sub-projects; total net cultivated areas of 107,789 ha for the whole project; and additional financial cost of Tk 44.6 million estimated by BWDB for completion of the remaining works of Halda sub-project; - 39 - extrapolation of the combined ERRs of the 3 FCD sub-projects, the Chenchuri and Halda Extension sub-projects were used as a basis for the calculation of ERR of the whole project. 12. On this basis, the ERRs are re-estimated at 17%-30% for 4 sub-projects (18% for Chenchuri, 17% for Bighai, 19% for Kangsha and 30% for Kalaroa) and 25.2% for the whole project Annex 2, Tables 23-26, 28. The lower ERRs are due mainly to substantially longer implementation period resulting in delayed accrual of project benefits and lower prices of outputs than anticipated at project appraisal. Due to higher investment and O&M costs and smaller service area, the re-estimated ERR of the Halda Extension sub-project is 12% (Annex 2, Table 27). - 40 - EN EhIEfii 19 §I~3 Table 1 47! ii U l Ullafl=2!!i I~~ j 1::32--:32s_-,2332! i 1!I232SUiS:Y_:' I i a~~~~~~~ Pa~......... - IZt *z; i3" ig - } §- 4 s S1^ ai_.§fel§ i i 5 sw----t 15*u22aa a!.i.a3RtlXS i II __ :.. _.___ X I I i sfl!iIIII!SslSa -44 1308VIIt01 11 01 It Om1 06 *It0 I 13 1 I 3 1 3 WWV 813 13 443M'* M t tI ties W II II 30 01 1 00 tl II 160 tet a I631,ot n kI00 I 1 6 60 11 Witl 6 0131 6Ito on3 1Ks II Oml 334 Jr VP 4013 SW OI I I 0 0 0 All018 14 0011 *m 00113 6 11 4 lOll 331 101 1310 1ff I 10 130 II 13~~~~~~~~~~~~~' I 0 0 I I et 0 13 1 ll 111 "s I W Stu et: It "Mf 03 it to"8 to* WICCC Ct 6* Cl Om008 130 **3 I8 331 A00 II 03 11 31 11 0 0 013 L I0 6 I 4 1 3 3 18 I l 1131 131 a33 16 W "an1 31 its jIts 03a 33 3 0 Nit g a 03 61 31 l "I6 I"1toI I30 1 of Ste a33of 0w110 03630g10 1633, * AA 001 Kg8 Ni ela3 0 0I et 4031 10 I.I 133 of 0 0 0 0 a 0 6 II it 308 33 "H31 03NV38et 8I0 lI O0P*1 UK3 Ks3 "at gm1 tot II 38 Kit IC O a 900 1tot3 L I 6OI l 13 3to 0 1 13 31`1 1130 0111 I3 6s3 I 'i0 aJ 1138 3f 3at tat INI 01 10 1311 III 11 Mt 6e60 gm1 It K11 t3 3Oa St 01311 011 .1011 II 110 IC " 0101* a"3 13 Nit w let of 14, 138 01 "III 3 11 ,0 W I,03 8 3 003 1 11f 18 10 3 3 "3'II 111 4 la 3 Nto 030 13 II It 1131 30 31 I 6 a 0 10 0 31 8 8 to t6wo1 "is Coll OR0 CT 3138 181 133 0113 000 II 00 0331 03 331 I 0 0 6 4~~,e I1 .. PI AK1 1t tot0 00 CM1 130o3 II it it 4i II Is pd Pd 43 P. P- SI Og 40 OA6 I1 11 13 0A6 II @0 II SI It 0-4n 41 -4,g 40n 8a040 R0 hIln l44 1131 11301 ,031 1344 lIPI)MA0 060"434 IP*W2 P34*61-001.0 *43I.l04lqI -d P4tw la4.04 00v1 60001 WV t,,,,,,qq.>-Xdz svt"t J _rt%Vr*ewP*zt 113_-000l1 4 C-"~~~~~~~~~~~~~ __A X4 e "0 o " . ) -. 4 "-II _ I19 lie tO ItO 0; Ut UsI Mq Mo9 INW 0 MltIK 0 trSg t It . o0n m _ Sn t0 m 'n U 1m t See Ss n s I n90 OK 59 j 01 O n IH"l 11W 00 991 094 WIs SI t tn( 9 1 t l 00 00 CC II 00 K l 900 61 l 09 0101 0 UIC 0 . . t'U*0 nnIP 0t 1 110at I0 I 90 I nt Om *n 00 t "I SM t101 MoO 000* Sa t000 9e 005 o9o0. Ktt * t * n tn* U 11 g *"i *e 5e1 9s o5 o * 0 ; 9 U* *it S o lt tl 0 0 9K 0i 9 31 0s9ll 094 Sell WIct ml £9 it Om 09 01 0m to Sol Ci 101 a1 Mo 00 OIM OM 006 5 a9t:91 M I11 lO 090 K 410 K WI SI U 05 Cl It 091 00 US K 101 0610U Otis 9on Ott VIIS I09 90 500 It1 500 S. 0 0 I M 0 90 I 0W 00 10 9 I0 9list 9 91 11 001 0 0 01 * M tsStUtSwig09i, IHI MMo 9*01 901 0009"at 1 1010 "5 aI P.9 oca * I is nf nu°" a I n 0l t s l . 0 Y n t t t ° otnt GUC nat *I nl" M 11 r oil Oml 00 oI at "a11 a0 ell Mo Ut 9S Om5 9 jI "to9 Ko 1 9 9 cello Col Ca 010 I 90 90 00 U 9 0 11 0 01 (I 10 0 *1 It LZ 0I1 au, MO I @101 011 00161 Ma MO 00--1A9 SOLO (00 090 KU 009 000 31 00~ 464: (0 It1 100 610 0 9 1( 1 93 5 1 9 le 9 Kl 1 00 1 IOVA tit t 09 000O, KN0001 K 101 0 0 9GO 09 l 909 905 09 1 110f SO00 IO 0 09 0 0 I 0 00 9 01 0 099 9 00 014 00 313 00 MO K09I 1 10 1 0 09 1 I 9 I 0 10 0 9 I9m 101 IS.lOS S0 01 09' 09 10 O m0 51 1 000K 06 0 00 K SI14l9ItI 09 6.9 10 49090 SI1 0- 0 ml c to c ii iie P4 P4 KII 9 000 II 00 C 51 CI So ci 6914 S See It .tVI *'I Se I00A It"091 ldot 11* tol on .4 11041 0* fill Deto110Is'I00 1"i09iz: - ' 09*j 11044 .090 100 P" P" it I0't00.p., I-oIl 1,t l qi -o u . t " 0 1P S.4* 09 I .0 1 0 l0 .S I v m n . "w 104W -4-161 01001 A 1140w 0spg. 9 Ii 2KI ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ^ 4tt:l* Att*- _1* :lv gal It,"n to-- lo " I8,1n mO _ 'It Kit A 46 e t9K * M c 1 n un : 04 tP 9 49u4qu lilA Of ufn lufn sol of SO 1108 IS gu tI I "l K IN N m #1 mt out1 0 IL t ' 8 tme I" "a u t a"ot n " ml 6 S I 8 I e II tI 8. tS 9t @8 0 III * d, - " So "a So S. "" e "I tot a4n oi Oti "to UN, U' u .t|t III. 681 III 6881 Nt ii 68 wet g mu Ut @18 881 Ii 818 68 sit w m t* Oguu 0 66981 6 OiL *...q.OA luau mu mu sic,. m~~ ~~~~~us ii p m IN owl ON 868 OK8 go we8 68 N H tN 68G8W 88 864 * 6 * 0 9 * 0 4 ~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~*I 8 . . . . 0 S "Ile * . .l wo pu 1.0 .m ec Itu gu e 68 ut I IIC83 onuIea we Is nu @96 91 66*P CS" tic sit OM1 Om8 I 8 lt I 6 8 u I WI 86-, I0I N 681.81 0" *Ms8 co~t ueu e. L unm t g sn n . cu w lIn a lit 61 118 uu St= lNit *Wu8 @98 CS 1181 891 IN IN @911 86 68 LC U mu * * U et mu au mu u mu wi Hug Nil 81181 mu mu~~~~~~~11w u K c CN O" ami Os II tA muao tit WI Ii. s u It Ie amIl 16 8 6 r Int a a"t @9 r of OK at Halt We miez Ut WI*8g me M fill 4, nt ts ta ft au "or -V'I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a"ltt am dute uet flat eef ii I'8 Gas6 Iit pu rn U. 8 * 6 6 0 * 10' So 818 68 6111.8 61M ILl t lit *6-*1 118 888 Iii RH89 RI% 1 I P IP iAs P.mC SI at *I 8 1 oil II1 68 LIt it81 -4111 WIll HI4 at"n ~ V Salt W- k18 8l8 A I I 0* 68i i4Ou 68 * IO 0 SiHP&8 91 INi 81 II '4 88 P88 I uf n g .egW,4l ll m u @8 18 u t U W 68 @9818 I UZ 618 68 68 ~A Ii II II I~~~~"i -M.& U WPd -w U H H A I U I I 01 88 1 6-"-Oq Ii S U HI1 W H 1 688it hal) t~~~~ AHId APIL IIHA @991 LIPId @POW911P" W WAS i*6 .111 P~~~~~~4 enj 1li1,q~~~~~ p.,.. I.N,u.u,oM'Vw -44 - Annex 2 Table 5 BANGLADESH BWDB Small Schemes Project (Cr. 1467-BD) Project Completion Report Summary of Financial and Economic Prices Unit Financial Economic1/2/ A. Outputs: TWlkg (FY94) Paddy-Aus Tk/kg 6.1 7.3 Paddy-Aman Tk/g 6.5 7.8 Paddy-Boro Tk/kg 6.2 7.4 Wheat Tk/kg 6.4 8.9 Jute Tk/kg 8.1 11.2 Oilseeds Tklkg 14.2 15.4 Pulse Tklkg 15.7 13.0 Sugarcane Tklkg 1.1 1.4 Poato Tk/kg 4.6 3.8 Sweet Potato TIVkg 5.0 4.2 Vegetables Tk/kg 2.8 2.3 Spices (fresh chilli) Tk/kg 14.0 11.6 B. Inputs: Seeds Paddy-LV Tk/kg 10.5 12.6 Paddy-HYV Tk/kg 10.0 12.0 Wheat TkJkg 12.0 16.7 Jute Tk/kg 24.0 19.9 Oilseeds Tk/kg 19.4 21.0 Pulse TWkg 25.4 21.1 Sugarcane cuttings/kg 1.0 0.83 Potato Tk/kg 8.5 7.1 Sweet Potato TiSkg 5.0 4.0 Vegetables Tk/kg 400 332 Spices TiSkg 600 498 Fertilizers: Urea Tklkg 5.3 6.9 TSP TkJkg 8.4 9.5 MP TkJkg 8.2 8.0 Pesticides Tlikg 504.0 655.2 Manure TiSkg - 1.0 0.8 Draft animal Tk/pd 45.0 45.0 Unsidiled Labour Tk/md 40.0 33.2 (1) Average 1990-1995 prices in FY94 constant value. (1) Non-traded commodities were adjusted by SCF of 0.83. - 45 - Annex 2 Table 6 BANGLADESH BWDB Small Schemes project (Cr. 1467-BD) Project Completion Report Cropping Pattem of 3 Acre Farm-Flood Control and Drainage WOP WP Cereals: Local S. aus 0.50 0.43 Local T. Aus 0.23 0.32 HW Aus 0.18 0.21 Deepwster aman 0.11 0.10 Local T. Aman 1.48 1.18 HYV T. Aman 0.39 1.04 Local Soro 0.08 0.08 HYV Boro 0.83 0.99 Subtotal Rice 3.79 4.36 Wheat 0.04 0.14 Total Cerehas 3.83 4.50 Other Cmps: Jjte 0.17 0.16 Pulses 0.36 0.48 Oi seeds 0.07 0.13 Sweet Poato 0.01 0.01 Potato 0.01 0.02 Vegetables 0.04 0.05 Spices 0.02 0.05 Othr 0.01 0.01 Total Other Crops 0.68 0.90 Total Cropped Area 4.52 5.40 Net Cuttvated Area 3.00 3.00 Crop Intesifty 1.51 1.80 Net Farm lcome(rk) 22850 30850 Family LaboLr(md) 161 190 ReturntoLaboLir(nlcmd) 142 162 - 46 - Annex 2 Table 7.1 BANGLADESH BWDB Small Schemes Project (Cr. 1467-BD) Project Completion Report Cropping Pattem of 3 Acre Farm-Irrigation Sub-project (Chenchuri) WOP WP Cereals: LocalB. aus 1.32 0.12 Local T. Aus 0.00 0.00 HYV Aus 0.00 0.06 Mix aus and aman 0.06 0.09 Local T. Aman 1.23 0.84 HtYVT. Aman 1.05 1.78 LV Boro 0 0 HYV Boro 0.00 2.33 Subtotal Rice 3.66 5.22 Wheat 0.12 0.08 Total Cerelas 3.78 5.30 Other Crops: Jute 0.24 0.16 Pulses 0.21 0.08 Oilseeds 0.17 0.11 Sweet Poato 0.00 0.00 Potato 0.00 0.01 Vegetables 0.14 0.18 Spices 0.13 0.13 Other 0.17 0.12 Total Other Crops 1.06 0.79 Total Cropped Area 4.84 6.09 Net Cultivated Area 3.00 3.00 Crop Intensity 1.61 2.03 Net Farm Income(Tk) 20627 56426 - 47 - Annex 2 Table 7.2 BANGLADESH BWDB Small Schemes Project (Cr. 1467-BD) Project Completion Report Cropping Pattern of 3 Acre Farm-irrigation Sub-project (Halda) WOP WP Cereals: Local B. aus 0.74 0.00 LocalT. Aus 0.09 0.14 HYV Aus 0.04 0.76 Mix aus and aman 0.00 0.00 Local T. Aman 1.68 0.90 HYVT. Aman 0.42 2.10 LV Boro 1.18 0 HYV Boro 0.13 1.80 Subtotal Rice 4.28 5.70 Wheat 0.00 0.00 Total Cerelas 4.28 5.70 Other Crops: Jute 0.00 0.00 Pulses 0.27 0.08 Oilseecls 0.07 0.12 Sweet Poato 0.00 0.00 Potato 0.00 0.03 Vegetables 0.11 0.14 Spices 0.00 0.02 Other 0.00 0.01 Total Other Crops 0.45 0.40 Total Cropped Area 4.73 6.10 Net Cultivated Area 3.00 3.00 Crop Intensity 1.58 2.03 Net Farm Income(Tk) 21279 57596 - 48 - Annex 2 Table 8 BANGLADESH BWD9 Small Scherrs Project CCR 1457-80) Project CompletOn Rep,rt 'Economic Price Dervation Rice/Paddy Wheat Sugar Soybeans Jute L!rea TSP MP M M M M X X M M Word Price:FY90-95(USSItQ11 298 174 267 264 400 153 135 109 Warld Price:FY30-95(Tklv)2/ 11920 6960 10680 10560 16000 6120 5400 4360 AdjustmrntFactorp%)3/ 0.90 1.10 1.23 1.30 1.00 1.40 1.40 1.40 Adjusted FOB/CF Prices 10728 7656 13083 13728 16000 8568 7560 6104 Handling/Transport charges (Pats-wholesale markets) 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1600 Market Prices 12528 9456 14883 15528 14200 6768 9360 7904 Processing costs 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Processing ratio 0.65 0.95 0.10 1.00 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 Price of Paddy equivalent 7935 8983 1488 15528 11360 6768 9360 7904 Handling&Transpoat charges (Farm and markets) 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 Farmgate prirce(Kt) 7815 8863 1368 15406 11240 6888 9480 8024 Fermgate price(TK/kg) 7.8 8.9 1.4 15.4 11.2 6.9 9.5 8.0 M-Import X-Export 1/ World Bank(s Commodity Price Forecasts, March 1994. Average 90-95 prices adjusted to FY94 constarrtvalue. Rice: Thai, milled, 5% brcJ Inwmty 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.59 1.92 1.97 204 204 Z04 - 63 - Annex 2 Table 23 BANGLADESH BWDB Small Schemes Project (CR. 1467 - BD) Project Completion Report Economic Analysis - Kangsha FCD (Tk Million) Investment O&M Costs 1/ Inc. Net Prod. Incr. Net Costs Value Benefits Yearl (FY85) 17.4 -17.4 Year2 16.5 -16.5 Year3 26.1 -26.1 Year4 14.0 -14.0 YearS 16.7 -16.7 Year6 10.0 -10.0 Year7 17.0 -17.0 Year8 2.2 34.1 31.9 Year9 5.2 40.5 35.3 Yearl 0 102 2.7 44.2 31.3 Year1l 2.7 48.3 45.6 Year12 2.7 53.6 50.9 Yearl3 2.7 53.6 50.9 Yearl4 2.7 53.6 50.9 Yearl 5 2.7 53.6 50.9 Yearl 6 2.7 53.6 50.9 Year17 2.7 53.6 50.9 Yearl 8 2.7 53.6 50.9 Yearl 9 2.7 53.6 50.9 Year2O 2.7 53.6 50.9 Year2l 2.7 53.6 50.9 Year22 2.7 53.6 50.9 Year23 2.7 53.6 50.9 Year24 2.7 53.6 50.9 Year25 2.7 53.6 50.9 Year26 2.7 53.6 50.9 Year27 2.7 53.6 50.9 Year28 2.7 53.6 50.9 Year29 2.7 53.6 50.9 Year3O 2.7 53.6 50.9 Year3l 2.7 53.6 50.9 Year32 2.7 53.6 50.9 Economic Rate of Return = 19.3% 1/ Estimated at 2% of the investment costs. -64 - Annex 2 Table 24 BANGLADESH BWDB Small Schemes Project (CR. 1467 - BO) Project Completion Report Economic Analysis - Bighai FC (Tk Million) Investment O&M Costs 1/ Inc. Net Prod. Incr. Net Costs Value Benefits Yearl (FY85) 16.4 -16.4 Year2 33.4 -33.4 Year3 14.2 -14.2 Year4 2.8 -2.8 YearS 4.3 -4.3 Year6 2.1 -2.1 Year7 3.6 -3.6 Year8 2.2 15.1 12.9 Year9 4.6 28.2 23.6 Yearl 0 7.5 1.8 29.1 19.8 Yearl1 1.8 34.7 32.9 Yearl2 1.8 37.4 35.6 Yearl3 1.8 37.4 35.6 Yearl 4 1.8 37.4 35.6 Yearl5 1.8 37.4 35.6 Yearl6 1.8 37.4 35.6 Yearl7 1.8 37.4 35.6 Yearl8 1.8 37.4 35.6 Yearl9 1.8 37.4 35.6 Year2O 1.8 37.4 35.6 Year2l 1.8 37.4 35.6 Year22 1.8 37.4 35.6 Year23 1.8 37.4 35.6 Year24 1.8 37.4 35.6 Year25 1.8 37.4 35.6 Year26 1.8 37.4 35.6 Year27 1.8 37.4 35.6 Year28 1.8 37.4 35.6 Year29 1.8 37.4 35.6 Year3O 1.8 37.4 35.6 Year3l 1.8 37.4 35.6 Year32 1.8 37.4 35.6 Economic Rate of Return = 17.4% 1/ Estimated at 2% of the investment costs. - 65 - Annex 2 Table 25 BANGLADESH BWDB Small Schemes Project (CR. 1467 - BD) Project Completion Report Economic Analysis - Kalaroa Drainage (Tk Million) Investment O&M Costs 1/ Inc. Net Prod. incr. Net Costs Value Benefits Yearl (FY85) 10.4 -10.4 Year2 26.0 -26.0 Year3 14.1 -14.1 Year4 2.1 9.1 7.0 Year5 3.2 15.5 12.3 Year6 2.2 17.2 15.0 Year7 3.6 21.6 18.0 Year8 2.5 29.1 26.6 Year9 3.0 38.4 35.4 Yearl0 5.8 1.5 38.9 31.6 Yearl 1 1.5 41.1 39.6 Yearl 2 1.5 43.3 41.8 Yearl3 1.5 43.3 41.8 Yearl 4 1.5 43.3 41.8 Yearl 1.5 43.3 41.8 Yearl6 1.5 43.3 41.8 Yearl 7 1.5 43.3 41.8 Yearl 8 1.5 43.3 41.8 Yearl9 1.5 43.3 41.8 Year2O 1.5 43.3 41.8 Year2l 1.5 43.3 41.8 Year22 1.5 43.3 41.8 Year23 1.5 43.3 41.8 Year24 1.5 43.3 41.8 Year25 1.5 43.3 41.8 Year26 1.5 43.3 41.8 Year27 1.5 43.3 41.8 Year28 1.5 43.3 41.8 Year29 1.5 43.3 41.8 Year3O 0.0 0.0 0.0 Year3l 0.0 0.0 0.0 Year32 0.0 0.0 0.0 Economic Rate of Return = 30.4% 1/ Estimated at 2% of the investment costs. - 66 - Annex 2 Table 26 BANGLADESH BWDB Small Schemes Project (CR. 1467 - BD) Project Completion Report Economic Analysis - Chenchuri irrigation (Tk Million) Investment O&M Costs 1/ Inc. Net Prod. Incr. Net Costs Value Benefits Yearl (FY85) 2.6 -2.6 Year2 1.9 -1.9 Year3 4.0 -4.0 Year4 1.3 -1.3 Year5 3.3 -3.3 Year6 6.9 -6.9 Year7 7.7 -7.7 Year8 27.1 -27.1 Yearg 21.5 -21.5 Yearl0 11.0 -11.0 Yearl 1 1.9 18.2 16.3 Yearl2 2.9 25.4 22.5 Yearl3 3.4 28.9 25.5 Yearl4 3.8 31.6 27.8 YearlS 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year16 4.1 33.9 29.8 Yearl7 4.1 33.9 29.8 Yearl8 4.1 33.9 29.8 Yearlg 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year2O 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year2l 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year22 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year23 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year24 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year2S 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year26 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year27 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year28 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year29 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year3O 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year3l 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year32 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year33 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year34 4.1 33.9 29.8 Year35 4.1 .-33.9 29.8 ERR= 18.0% 1/ Annex 2, Table 12. Assuming 20% supplementary irrigation for Aus, Aman and jute, 35% for wheat and 100% for HYV Boro. - 67 - Annex 2 Table 27 BANGLADESH BWDB Small Schemes Project (CR 1467-SD) Project Completion Report Economic Analysis-Haida Extenslon Irrigatlon (rk Million) (31 00 ha) investment O&M Costs 1/ inc. Net Prod. Inc. Net Costs Value Benefits Year1 (FYs8) 2.1 -2.1 Year 2 1.8 -1.8 Year 3 4.1 -4.1 Year 4 5.1 -5.1 Year 5 30.8 -30.8 Year 6 29.5 -29.5 Year 7 43.7 -43.7 Year 8 87.5 -87.5 Year 9 50.7 -50.7 Year 10 98.1 -98.1 Year 11 19.5 -19.5 Year 12 19.5 4.1 21.6 -2.0 Year 13 8.0 43.6 35.6 Year 14 12.2 66.2 54.0 Year 15 15.3 86.6 71.3 Year 16 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 17 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 18 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 19 20.0 * 106.8 86.8 Year 20 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 21 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 22 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 23 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 24 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 25 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 26 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 27 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 28 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 29 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 30 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 31 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 32 * 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 33 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 34 20.0 106.8 86.8 Year 35 20.0 106.8 86.8 ERR= 11.9% 1/ Amex 2. Table 11 . Assuming 20% of suppiementary irrigation for T. Aus and Aman. S0% for Local Boro and 1 00% for HYV Boro - 68 - Annex 2 Table 28 BANGLADESH BWDB Small Schemes Project (CR 1467-BD) Project Completion Report Economic Analysis - Whole Project (Tk Million) Investment 1/ 0 & M Costs Inc. Net Prod. Inc. Net Costs FCO 2/ Halda3/ Chenchuri 3/Total O&M Value Benefits Year 1 (FY85) 69.6 0.0 0.0 -69.6 Year2 104.3 0.0 0.0 -104.3 Year3 141.5 0.0 11.9 -129.6 Year 4 94.0 0.0 18.8 -75.2 Year 5 234.8 0.0 20.8 -214.0 Year 6 272.4 0.0 65.0 -207.4 Year 7 297.7 0.0 131.9 -165.8 Year 8 260.1 0.0 287.9 27.8 Year 9 160.1 0.0 431.9 271.8 Year 10 143.1 0.0 537.1 394.0 Year 1 19.5 26.7 1.9 28.6 642.7 594.6 Year 12 19.5 26.7 4.1 2.9 33.7 699.1 645.9 Year 13 26.7 8.0 3.4 38.1 752.1 714.0 Year 14 26.7 12.2 3.8 42.7 782.4 739.7 Year 15 26.7 15.3 4.1 46.1 805.1 759.0 Year 16 26.7 20.0 4.1 50.8 825.3 774.5 Year 17 26.7 20.0 4.1 50.8 825.3 774.5 Year 18 26.7 20.0 4.1 50.8 825.3 774.5 Year 19 26.7 20.0 4.1 50.8 825.3 774.5 Year 20 26.7 20.0 4.1 50.8 825.3 774.5 Year 21 26.7 20.0 4.1 50.8 825.3 774.5 Year 22 26.7 20.0 4.1 50.8 825.3 774.5 Year 23 26.7 20.0 4.1 50.8 825.3 774.5 Year 24 26.7 20.0 4.1 50.8 825.3 774.5 Year 25 26.7 20.0 4.1 50.8 825.3 774.5 Year 26 26.7 20.0 4.1 50.8 825.3 774.5 Year 27 26.7 20.0 4.1 50.8 825.3 774.5 Year 28 24.9 20.0 4.1 49.0 820.9 771.9 Year29 24.9 20.0 4.1 49.0 820.9 771.9 Year 30 21.3 20.0 4.1 45.4 744.0 698.6 Year 31 17.7 20.0 4.1 41.8 664.0 622.2 Year 32 14.1 20.0 4.1 38.2 562.4 524.2 Year 33 5.2 20.0 4.1 29.3 317.7 288.4 Year34 0 20.0 4.1 24.1 140.7 116.6 Year35 0 20.0 4.1 24.1 140.7 116.6 Economic Rate of Return 25.2% 1/ Annex 2, Table 17. 2/ Approximately 2% of the investment costs. 3/ Annex 2, Tables 26-27. / t 89 90? 99- 92 !?._ '> X ~~~~~~~~~~~BANGLADESH ,!! '),, 8 tses i, !BWDB SMALL SCHEMES PROJECT -/ y 5 v res.,ti ~~~SUBPROJECTS USED FOR ERR CALCULATION ! gt ) p ;_ ' G t \ , | ff t > - - ~~~~~~~~~~~INTERNATIONAL BOUJNDARIES i , . , .< . . , ,i | t t FJAMALPUR t _. ---- - 25 {¢ ) eOCRA33 ( X X 1. t K~~~~~~~~~~~K ~ an Dnznr Cucb / 1, 25- 2) =i, \ tW zI,aapr,,\ , >lhe~'\ ,} sXsunfi;i;°, OG' Ao9a; MA NSNHYLF / -rsl.r s . tx RAJSHANS t p \ t g Smensingh) \vS < s / t J /, \, Xt \. [ ' ' | - / '. gMadFupur 1 \ . , a .- .>~~~~~~k > . , < X 2 li f) TAIXIGAiL ; & J Hab/gon~~~~~~~~SLH f -2.1 k , /, l' ( )Jydebour I.tj N D I A 24 ' .t =; / t _ >\X1 j [ J I i (:!lTli\G()j}G C.- 1 , t t !< X 1h: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-)COMILLA I t Klaf D,bio'se \ 1 O' 1FARISOPUR 1v e ' | N D | A \ S > . l , V , < E x. N( )AKHAtI \ ! jt' i' / / Peduckhah Eli ks \ \+> v'?' l \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 ' 1 ! F; t : *^ghaiFIOOdnfr,Ol i ch,"gOng << l h i~~~F ,, 1 , , , /PTUKHL. g\ $Ka- II N D IBNDRAA NEPAL, >\._ ,,.^HUThu *; ) n . I~~~ KHAL ''~~~@~' ''ts\ k iUfNj '>, ; INIA ilty t t11 : { -| /' t+ ". \ - .. t k \. !~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Cing ; X OHAKA ./ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \ t <~opro INDIA \Pt.9 I/sIlEIS r\~ t \ D 21A 2 2i 22 . ¢ ,J 0 2j'i 'j0 7'i Kilrelers \~~~HITTGON' v '*!; o 2'i 5i1hnales i_;~~~IANDAABA NEPAL rB1e77 9t9t 2 . r r.n~--X I IMAGING ReDort No; 16174 TyDe: PER I