80246 p r o g r e ss r e p o r t 2013 Rapid Social ReSPonse program The RSR is a multi-donor program that was established in 2009 to help the world’s poorest countries, in partnership with the World Bank, build effective social protection systems. RSR is one of the key instruments for implementing the World Bank’s Social Protection and Labor Strategy for Resilience, Equity and Opportunity in IDA-eligible countries. It has been generously supported by the Russian Federation, Norway, the United Kingdom, Australia and Sweden. p r o g r e ss r e p o r t 2 0 1 3 Rapid Social ReSPonse program progress REPORT 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................................v RSR Chronology of Events, July 2009 to June 2013..................................................................vi Reporting on Progress from Inception in 2009 to Date, ............................................................1 and the Plan for RSR in the Coming Years Social Protection and Labor Systems: The New Frontier........................................................1 RSR: A Nimble Facility in a Fast-Moving World.......................................................................1 iii Reflecting on Three Years of RSR Progress ............................................................................2 RSR and IDA 2009–2013.........................................................................................................3 RSR as a Vehicle to Build Resilience, Equity and Opportunity................................................5 RSR and Gender................................................................................................................5 RSR and Nutrition..............................................................................................................5 RSR and Youth Employment..............................................................................................6 RSR and South-South Learning, Communities of Practice................................................6 The Next Phase of RSR: From Crises Response to a Systems Approach...............................7 Themes and Resource Allocations.....................................................................................7 Operational Overview.............................................................................................................7 Operational Procedures..........................................................................................................8 RSR and SPL: Stories Worth Telling........................................................................................9 Learning Lessons, Demonstrating Impact............................................................................10 RSR’s Results Framework................................................................................................10 Building the Evidence Base through SPARCS and ASPIRE.............................................10 THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM RSR—Three Ways of Building Resilience, Equity and Opportunity ........................................ 11 Theme 1: Support to New and Improved SPL Systems ......................................................13 Africa Region: Making Safety Nets More Efficient .........................................................15 Bangladesh: Revamping Safety Net for Better Protection, Nutrition and Education .......17 Cameroon: Streamlining Programs, Gaining Efficiencies: ...............................................19 A New SPL System in the Making Djibouti: Boosting Household Incomes And Improving Nutrition ...................................21 Ethiopia: Strengthening the Early Warning System for Malnutrition ...............................23 Guinea: Helping to Cast Safety Nets Wider ....................................................................25 Honduras: Delivering Stronger Protection and Faster Nutrition Response .....................27 Kenya: Laying the Groundwork for Social Protection Reform .........................................29 Liberia: Providing Protection and Opportunities For Liberia’s Vulnerable Youth .............. 31 Mozambique: Developing Building Blocks for Social Protection through Public Works .....33 Pakistan: Financial Literacy, The Path to Inclusion and Graduation .................................35 Papua New Guinea: Towards Evidence-Based Policy-Making on Youth Employment ........37 iv Rwanda: Supporting the Expansion of Social Protection ................................................39 Togo: First Steps Towards an Efficient Safety Net System .............................................41 Theme 2: Increased Learning and Knowledge Sharing for ...................................................43 Social Protection Service Delivery Latin America and the Caribbean: A Toolkit for Nutrition .................................................45 RSR and South-South Learning: Experiences from Arusha, ...........................................47 Addis Ababa, Bangalore and Hyderabad Social Protection and the Effects of Climate Change: Global Lessons ...........................53 Theme 3: Protecting Access to Basic Services to ................................................................55 the Most Vulnerable in Times of Crisis Haiti: Turning the Tide on Gender-Based Violence ...........................................................57 Project Portfolio: 80 Activities in 40 Countries ..........................................................................59 2013 RSR-MDTF and RSRC Financial Report ............................................................................73 Status of Contributions and Total Receipts ........................................................................... 74 RSR Program Status of Grant Allocations ............................................................................76 RSR Program Funds .............................................................................................................76 progress REPORT 2013 Acknowledgements The RSR management team expresses its deep appreciation to the Governments of the Russian Federation, Norway, the United Kingdom, Australia and Sweden for their generous support to RSR and to all government counterparts who are working with RSR and the World Bank to advance the social protection and labor agenda in the world. This report was authored by Hideki Mori, Kerstin Stewart, Sophie Warlop, and Inas Ellaham. The team is grateful for comments and inputs received from donor representatives and colleagues of the World Bank Human Development Network, especially the task team leaders who are managing the RSR activities. Special thanks also are expressed to Mr. Andrei Bokarev, Director, Department of International Financial Relations, Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Ms. Harriet Solheim, Special v Advisor, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway, Ms. Isabelle Cardinal, Senior Policy Advisor, DfID/ UK, Ms. Paba Siriwardana, Senior Policy Officer, AusAID/Australia, Mr. Torsten Wetterblad, Senior Policy Adviser, and Mr Kaviraj Appadu, Senior Policy Specialist, SIDA/Sweden, for their valuable support and guidance. Finally, the team would like to thank Mr. Arup Banerji, Director, Social Protection and Labor Practice, and Mr. Andrei Markov, Senior Partnership Specialist, Office of Global Partnership and Trust Fund Operations of the World Bank, for their extremely useful guidance. RSR Chronology of Events, July 2009 to June 2013 Jul-09 Agreement signed with the United Kingdom Agreement signed with the Russian Federation Oct-09 US$ 28.5 m received from the Russian Federation Agreement signed with Norway and Norway Dec-09 1st call for proposals launched US$ 1.6 m received from the United Kingdom Mar-10 1st round of proposals approved (US$ 28.4 m) 2nd call for proposals launched Jun-10 Jul-10 US$ 15 m received from the Russian Federation 2nd round of proposals approved (US$ 12.4 m) Sep-10 US$ 1.6 m received from the United Kingdom Nov-10 immediately allocated to approved activities 3rd call for proposals launched Mar-11 Apr-11 3rd round of proposals approved (US$ 10.5 m) US$ 15 m received from the Russian Federation Jul-11 Aug-11 4th call for proposals launched 4th round of proposals approved (US$ 6.7 m) Oct-11 Agreement signed with Australia Jun-12 US$ 2.9 m received Donor Agreement to extend closing date from Agreement signed with Sweden June 30, 2013 to June 30, 2018 Nov-12 US$ 10 m received 5th call for proposals launched Mar-13 Pledge from United Kingdom (US$ 23 m) 5th round of proposals approved Jun-13 Pledge from Norway (US$ 11.25 m) progress REPORT 2013 Reporting on Progress from Inception in 2009 to Date, and the Plan for RSR in the Coming Years Social Protection and Labor Systems: The New Frontier In the past decade, the world has seen a rapid succession of crises resulting from rising food 1 and fuel prices, a breakdown of global financial systems, a changing climate and pressure on natural resources. In low income countries (LICs), these crises quickly translate into increased food insecurity, unemployment, and poor health and education outcomes. Faced with unprecedented challenges, LICs especially must find affordable and efficient ways to protect their human capital. A social protection and labor (SPL) system, for an increasing number of governments, is a means to protect the poor and vulnerable from shocks and reduce poverty, while enabling a reasonable level of risk-taking to explore a path out of poverty. However, half of the world’s poorest quintile still lacks any form of social protection coverage, a figure that rises to 63 percent in South Asia and 82 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa.1 Where the needs are greatest, the capacity to build SPL systems is also poor. Among the LICs with existing SPL systems, most social safety net programs2 are too small to be effective, and the absence of adequate operating platforms precludes scale up. Lack of resources and lack of capacity to execute resources make for continued under-investment and perpetuate small, ad-hoc programs, which only operate in crisis mode. But if the backdrop is gloomy, the outlook is brighter: Over the last ten years, the interest and activity in social protection has experienced a paradigm shift, with at-scale safety net programs expanding at a rate of two countries per year. Today, safety nets programs are being built on a national scale in 98 countries, up from just 72 in 2000. With the growing interest comes a willingness to improve capacity and allocate resources for social protection. Since 2009, 13 IDA3-eligible countries with limited or no previous engagement with the World Bank on social protection have received financing for safety net expansion (12 being in Africa). And, in the current fiscal year (2013),4 new IDA commitments to safety nets have almost equaled those of IBRD for the first time in history. THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM RSR: A Nimble Facility in a Fast-Moving World The Food, Fuel and Financial Crisis of 2008-2010 created a unique set of dilemmas for the world, and the World Bank responded by creating the Vulnerability Financing Facility (VFF), a framework to streamline crisis support. As a second umbrella to the VFF , alongside the Global Food Crises Response Program, RSR was “designed to assist countries to address the urgent social needs �5 stemming from the crisis and build up capacity and institutions to better respond to future crises. RSR provides catalytic resources in relatively small amounts: For a single, bank-executed project, the funding size ranges between US$ 250,000 and US$ 450,000. For a single recipient-executed project, the maximum funding size is US$ 1,500,000.6 Three years into its existence, RSR has helped to expand social protection coverage in low income countries and fragile states. Its support has been critical in key aspects, such as, building beneficiary registries, creating identification systems, developing poverty targeting mechanisms, innovating payment mechanisms, and monitoring and evaluating for results. RSR also contributed to the SPL agenda as a whole, either through supporting the dialogue in its nascent stage, through country-specific crisis response or by sharing knowledge between regions, countries and globally. All of which have helped to improve medium- to long-term efficiencies and catalyze resources, most notably through IDA. RSR’s contribution to the social protection agenda in LICs was emphasized in two Ministerial Round Tables on the theme “Closing the Gap, Safety Nets Where the Needs Are Greatest. � They were held in connection with the Spring Meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in 2012 and 2013, where high-level representatives of Member States expressed strong endorsement and appreciation to RSR. In the fall of 2012, the donors approved a five-year extension of RSR from June 2013 to June 2018. The decision of Australia and Sweden to join the existing group of donors (the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and Norway) further enforced RSR’s role in and ability to accompany the first five years of the World Bank’s new Social Protection and Labor Strategy for Resilience, Equity and Opportunity as one of the key instrument to facilitate (or catalyze) the implementation. 2 This time around, as countries move out of crisis mode, the focus of RSR has shifted from crisis response and stand-alone activities to supporting the agenda of SPL system building—building affordable and scalable systems that can sustain resilience for the long term. As this is written, a new portfolio for RSR is taking shape—one enabling RSR to have an even more profound impact on the larger global good in the social protection and labor arena. Figure 1: Resource Allocation by Region, as of April 2013 Figure 2: Resource Allocation by Theme, As of April 2013 Theme 3: Tapping into Global Knowledge 9% 11% Latin Theme2: Theme1: America& Building Caribbean Africa Access to Basic Safety Net 17% 45% Systems Eastern Services 32% 57% Europe & Central South Asia 6% Asia 16% East Asia & the Pacific Middle East 6% & North Africa 1% Source: RSR Management Team/World Bank (2013). Source: RSR Management Team/World Bank (2013). Note: Excludes Program Management grant. Note: Allocations do not include program management. progress REPORT 2013 Table 1: Some Key Facts about RSR: The Initial Years Operational since 2009 Initial resource envelope US $61.7 million Initial donors * Russian Federation, Norway, UK Number of countries assisted 40 Number of projects 80 Average size of projects US $685,000 Largest project US $3.2 million Region that receives largest share of resources Africa (45%) Number of RSR-Projects formally associated with IDA operations 45 Aggregate amount of RSR-funding associated with IDA US $ 34.3 million Associated IDA financing US $ 3.1 billion Key Facts about RSR 2009–March 2013 Australia and Sweden joined RSR in 2012, and their contributions will be programmed to support activities commencing in 2013 and onwards * Reflecting on Three Years of RSR Progress RSR had a busy and productive initiation into social protection and labor activities. It first delineated three broad categories for support: Building Safety Net Systems (Theme 1), Protecting Access to Basic Services in Times of Crisis (Theme 2) and Tapping Into Knowledge to Share Lessons and Create Toolkits (Theme 3). RSR then, from 2009 to 2012, issued four calls for proposals and supported 80 activities in 40 countries (see Figures 1 and 2).7 In terms of the breakdown, much of this support applied to strategic investment in analytical—and design work. 57 percent of RSR‘s resources and 44 out of 80 activities were awarded to Theme 1. The work in this category consisted largely of country-specific technical assistance or analytical work; a few activities assisted a group of countries under the same project umbrella. (See the case 3 study on cash transfer activities in Africa on page 15.) The funding base for the RSR operations during the first three years was US$ 61.7 million contributed by the Russian Federation (US$ 50 million), Norway (US$ 8.5 million) and the United Kingdom (US$ 3.2 million). Throughout the four rounds of competitive project selection, demand for funding was consistently strong—nearly three-fold the available resources—and implementation has kept pace with the planned schedule (see Figure 3). Sixty-one (61) percent of the projects in the portfolio were closed as of April 30, 2013, and most accomplished their stated objectives. Nevertheless, throughout the cycle 2009–2012 some projects had to be cancelled due to political instability and change of priorities in the country, including technical assistance to Nicaragua and a safety net pilot in Yemen. In the fiscal year of 2012, Figure 3: RSR Cumulative Approval, Disbursement and Commitment, Fiscal Years 2010–2013 (US$ million) 60 Source: RSR Management Team / World Bank (2013). Commitments Note: In World Bank terminology, dis- 50 bursements mean actual expenditures, Disbursements such as, payments made for goods, works and services delivered. Disburse- 40 Approved Grants US$ million ments take place only after goods are delivered; work is certified as satis- 30 factory; invoices are submitted to the implementing agency for review; and payment is requested from the trust 20 fund account. On the other hand, com- mitments are contractual obligations to provide funds for services to be pro- 10 vided, work to be done and goods to be delivered. Thus, disbursements occur as the last step of implementation and 0 are an indicator of a project’s progress. FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM activities were cancelled in Congo and partially in Afghanistan and Tanzania due to implementation delays. (Please refer to the List of Activities on page 60.) In the midst of this period, the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) published an evaluation of the last ten years of World Bank support to safety nets (i.e., cash transfers and other non-contributory social assistance).8 This report noted that, RSR had played an important role in increasing World Bank engagement with LICs, raising LIC interest in social protection and focusing both governments and the Bank on the need for institutional strengthening and system building rather than on the design and implementation of stand-alone projects. RSR and IDA 2009–2013 In three short years, RSR has become an important player in the recent “IDA revolution� for social protection and labor (SPL) systems and safety net (SN) programs. With its rapid disbursement to operations that need specific interventions, the relatively small funds provided by RSR help to catalyze sizeable resources and often have transformative impacts. By March 31, 2013, US$ 34.3 million worth of RSR projects have supported and/or catalyzed US$ 3.1 billion worth of IDA resources for 45 IDA projects in 34 countries. At present, 45 out of the 80 activities in the RSR portfolio are associated with IDA. (See page 68 for a complete list.) RSR activities can be associated with a full-scale IDA project in three ways: (i) The IDA project did not exist in any form prior to the approval of the RSR project; (ii) the IDA project was in the pipeline prior to approval of the RSR project; and (iii) the IDA project was already under implementation when the RSR project was approved. In the first way, where the IDA project does not exist in any form prior to the approval of the RSR project, RSR typically funds the necessary expertise to spur dialogue, pilot new concepts and carry out the necessary analytical work to make the case for SPL system building and put the IDA project in the pipeline. As shown in Figure 4 below, in one year, as many RSR projects designed to support the IDA 4 pipeline were completed, this association, expressed as a ratio, increased by 38 percentage points. In Mozambique, an RSR grant worth US$ 2.155 million helped to identify and prepare the country’s first IDA-supported US$ 50 million Social Protection Project, which will strengthen institutions and strategy, and supported the nation-wide expansion of a public works program. Similarly, Cameroon’s first RSR-triggered Safety Net Project (US$ 550,000) helped find viable options to scale up a pilot initiative into a sustainable nationwide system (US$ 50 million in IDA resources). Read more about these activities on page 33 and 19 respectively. In Haiti, RSR played a key role in putting a US$ 50 million project (Improving Maternal and Child Health through Integrated Social Services) in the IDA pipeline by successfully piloting the innovative concept of Household Development Agents using US$ 1.8 million in RSR resources. The project also introduced a management information system, which will not only help municipalities manage data for improved service delivery but also Figure 4: RSR Activities with IDA Credits Currently in the Pipe- better the coordination between the many development organizations in country. line, March 2012 and March 2013 (US$ million) In the second way, where the IDA project was in the pipeline, the RSR activity has explicit objectives to support the preparation. It is the March 2012 World Bank’s experience that governments RSR Activities are reluctant to borrow money for program US$ million IDA Credits design and that grant financing can help to improve existing systems and develop new programs. In Rwanda, the RSR grant of just over US$ 2 million helped expand a pilot in a March 2013 fiscally prudent fashion from reaching less than 10,000 people in 2008 to over half a million in 2012 under three IDA operations worth US$ 96 million (see page 39). In similar fashion, a US$ 173,000 grant to Djibouti provided the 0 300 600 900 1,200 1,500 requisite technical support to build the first Source: RSR Management Team / World Bank (2013). social protection program in the country, one that combines public works with support to progress REPORT 2013 nutrition practices, worth US$ 5 million in IDA resources (see page 21). And, Togo elaborated its first national social protection policy worth US$ 9 million in IDA resources based on the analytical work and capacity-building activities that RSR financed with US$ 592,000 (see page 41). The third way applies to countries where an IDA operation is already under preparation and RSR was added to enhance the effectiveness of the project. In Honduras, where the IDA operation was already under way, RSR provided broad support (US$ 1.27 million) to the SPL agenda through technical support to the country’s largest cash transfer program, Bono 10,000, and enhanced delivery of the Nutrition Services Program through improved data management to a combined value of US$ 64 million. (See the case study on page 27 .) Other examples of RSR’s role in enhancing the quality of existing operations include Ethiopia, Liberia and Pakistan on page 23, 31 and 35 respectively. RSR as a Vehicle to Build Resilience, Equity and Opportunity Cross-sectoral in nature, RSR has been well positioned to arch over the different priority areas of the World Bank’s Social Protection and Labor Strategy for Resilience, Equity and Opportunity and provide operational direction to different instruments, in support of these goals. RSR and Gender Well-designed and implemented social protection programs can provide a pathway out of poverty for families and communities, and address gender inequalities at the same time. A public works intervention that gives a woman the opportunity to earn extra predictable income during the lean season can make all the difference to her and her family’s food security as well as health outcomes, especially in female-headed households. A conditional cash transfer program requiring beneficiaries to ensure their girls’ school attendance has the potential of making a significant difference not just for the girls and their family’s well-being, but also for the country’s growth as a whole because girls who finish school have more opportunities in life and give birth to healthier babies. 5 These gender dimensions of social protection are deeply embedded in RSR activities: they strengthen policies and program design affecting women through nutrition activities, early childhood interventions, improve access to cash-transfer programs and female labor force participation. RSR has helped to build the capacity of ministries and implementing agencies to apply a gender lens to the design and implementation of social protection. This includes introducing technology solutions for beneficiary identification as an ID-card is often a prerequisite for a citizen’s access to any form of social services. Another example of the gender lens is in Pakistan, where financial literacy training specifically targeted the female beneficiaries of one of the largest cash transfer programs in the country. A training module built with RSR support coached over 800,000 extremely poor women on the use of debit cards and banking services (see page 35). Most of the public works projects developed or enhanced through RSR support are helping countries to develop policies that facilitate the participation of women through activities suitable for women with children. In Mozambique, for example, the RSR-supported pilot project tested criteria for selecting beneficiaries, determining the level of transfers and ascertaining the types of eligible public works. The pilot was taken to scale in an IDA project and women constitute 50 % of the beneficiaries of the public workdays (see page 33). Following the devastating earthquake of 2010 in Haiti, RSR‘s emergency window supported victims of gender-based violence by improving access to health and counseling services. RSR also helped to build the institutional capacity to provide care for those affected, while at the same time contributing to the enhancement of civic participation and progress towards legal reforms. Please refer to page 57 for the full story. RSR and Nutrition Poverty rose by 100–200 million people worldwide during the 2008-2010 Food, Fuel and Financial Crisis; simulations show that in the first year alone, the under-nourished in the world increased by 63 million, adding to the 923 million who were already under-nourished in 2007 .9 In 2011, more THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM than a quarter (26 percent) of children under five were stunted—roughly 165 million children worldwide.10 These staggering numbers each represent an individual, in most cases a child under five whose calorie and micro-nutrient intake does not add up to what he or she needs on a daily basis to have the energy to play and learn, let alone grow and develop. More than likely, this child will suffer permanent physical and cognitive damage, thereby affecting his or her future health and ability to actively participate in the workforce and civil society. Nutrition is at core of safety nets, as nutrition support is delivered either as part of in-kind transfers or training to beneficiaries of cash transfers. When the reality of the Food, Fuel and Financial Crisis struck, RSR dispersed funds for 15 activities specifically designed to improve the delivery of nutrition services. These activities addressed nutrition either as part of a conditionality attached to a cash transfer pilot, through specific interventions to improve management information systems or by supporting policy dialogue or knowledge products to build capacity. The case study on page 23 tells about the RSR intervention in Ethiopia that strengthened a management information system for nutrition. RSR facilitated the flow of information between the local data collection sites and the Ministry of Health’s regional bureau, where the planning for nutrition interventions now takes place in close coordination with the Ministry of Agriculture, courtesy of the system that RSR helped to develop. In Djibouti, the RSR activity supporting a larger IDA operation made an innovative link between public works and nutrition. (See the case study on page 21.) In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), a toolkit and a South-South learning event brought policy-makers’ attention to an inequality issue masked by positive growth figures that had turned into a desperate under five nutrition problem in poor pockets of many LAC countries. (See page 45.) As nutrition continues to be a major concern for low income and emerging countries, RSR will continue to help build system platforms where nutrition and social protection intersect. RSR and Youth Employment For most young people in the world today, and especially young Africans, entering the job market 6 is marked by periods of unemployment fraught with frustration and tensions. One reason is demographics: Many LICs are experiencing a “youth bulge, � which the already tight labor markets cannot absorb. Regardless of where young people end up working—the formal or informal sector —the urgency of building up non-cognitive skills to increase productivity is receiving growing recognition across Africa in particular and worldwide in general. RSR supported several activities to guide the policy dialogue and develop programs in support of opportunities for youth. In Africa, RSR built an evidence base and a framework for engagement that helped to raise the profile of the Youth Employment issue in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya and Sierra Leone. In Papua New Guinea, RSR strengthened the government’s capacity to implement and evaluate the impacts of an IDA project that aims to increase the aspirations and future earnings of 17,500 urban disadvantaged youth (see page 37), and an RSR grant in Liberia provided targeting support to make sure that a project aiming at creating 100,000 new jobs over five years effectively reaches the youth most in need (see page 31). RSR and South–South Learning, Communi- ties of Practice South-South learning (SSL) is the sharing of knowledge, experience and expertise between governments, organizations and individuals in low and middle income countries. It recently has gained momentum as governments have come to recognize SPL system building as prudent � investments and are now looking for the “how to. RSR moved quickly to identify SSL entry points and acted as a convener for four SSL events. In 2010, policy-makers and practitioners gathered in Arusha, progress REPORT 2013 Tanzania to exchange knowledge and build networks around public works. A year later in 2011, a group convened in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on the subject of safety nets in low income countries and fragile states. In 2012, RSR funded a forum in Bangalore, India that focused on the information and communication technology aspects of implementing social protection programs. Finally, also in 2012, a flagship event brought 230 participants from 66 countries together in Hyderabad, India, to discuss the role of labor and social assistance policies. Out of these RSR-supported forums grew communities of practice—a collaborative space where people share and exchange knowledge on a particular subject. Professionals from a variety of disciplines and geographic areas now convene in online spaces, such as, video conferencing and blogs, and in face-to-face meetings. Please refer to page 47 for a full chapter on RSR and South- South learning exchange. The Next Phase of RSR: From Crises Response to a Systems Approach Themes and Resource Allocation As mentioned in the introduction to this report, many countries are creating new programs, expanding and harmonizing existing ones, and improving administrative systems to modernize governance and improve efficiencies, and many more have plans to do so.10 Consequently, Phase 2 of RSR is capitalizing on an unparalleled opportunity to improve social protection through the investments in systems and knowledge. In keeping step with these events, RSR has slightly modified its three themes and their respective allocations. Theme 1: Support to New and Improved Social Protection and Labor Systems. The new or improved SPL system components and architecture under Theme 1 are produced 7 primarily through country-specific technical assistance or analytical work. Considering the size of RSR activities (about US$ 400,000 on average during the first three years), it is unlikely that a single activity would build a comprehensive SPL system in any country. However, as discussed above, larger resources have been mobilized from IDA to complete the system-building work initiated by an RSR activity and subsequently to operate the system to expand SPL coverage. In the outset years, 57 percent of RSR resources were allocated to Theme 1. The percentage is projected to rise in the coming years because the share of Theme 3 (previously theme 2, see below) is expected to decline as the focus shifts away from emergency response to system building. Theme 2: Increased Learning and Knowledge-sharing for Social Protection Service Delivery. Theme 2, equivalent to Theme 3 during the first three years of RSR, complements Theme 1 and has a direct transformational impact. It increases the impact of safety nets through South-South learning events, communities of practice, toolkits and specialized training. It has been reported that participants in South-South learning often request technical assistance projects for what would fall under RSR’s Theme 1. The share of this theme is estimated to be about 15 percent of total project funding during the coming years. Theme 3: Protecting Access to Basic Services for the Most Vulnerable in Times of Crisis. This is RSR’s emergency window, equivalent to Theme 2 during the initial phase of RSR. It opens quickly to prevent irreversible harm to the most vulnerable populations during a crisis. Activities have included the provision of nutrition benefits, particularly for children under three and pregnant and nursing mothers, cash transfers or waivers for school fees and health costs. In addition, projects under this theme may finance administrative support needed for preparation and implementation. RSR is designed to be capable of rapidly expanding its support under Theme 3 by receiving additional contributions from donors. Once the resources are made available, committing them to emergency operations can be done in as little time as two months. During the initial three THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM years, RSR allocated 35 percent of its available resources to Theme 3; however, if there is no severe crisis on par with the Food, Fuel and Financial Crisis in the next few years, Theme 3 will be small (currently estimated as 15 percent or less). Operational Overview RSR has a governance and management structure consisting of four entities. The first entity, the RSR program steering committee, composed of World Bank vice-presidents and chaired by a World Bank managing director, defines and directs the RSR program in a broad context and sets the resource allocation strategy. It also approves overall program priorities based on inputs provided by the RSR program management team. The second entity, the RSR program consultative group, comprising the RSR donors and World Bank subject specialists, provides overall strategic direction, guidance and advice for RSR within the parameters established for the program. The consultative group meets once a year and reviews the RSR work program performance and progress. The third, the RSR program management committee comprises the Human Development Network management team, more specifically the Human Development Network council (HD council), as headed by the Human Development Network vice president and comprising 13 directors across the World Bank. The management committee makes daily decisions regarding operations, including approval of funding proposals. Finally, the RSR program management team supports the daily operations of RSR programs, including the administration of trust fund resources. The program management team, among other things, reviews all proposals for RSR funding for relevance to RSR objectives and adherence to eligibility criteria. Quality assurance of the funded activities, however, is the responsibility of the relevant sector units within the regional vice-presidencies. 8 Funding Proposals: Submission, Evaluation and Approval Funding proposals (called EoI–expression of interest) are required to be submitted by trust fund- accredited World Bank staff members on behalf of the beneficiary country and cleared by their immediate line managers prior to submission. Once received, proposals are reviewed and scored by lead/senior-level subject specialists, using 20 criteria ranging from 5 (most favorable) to 1 (least favorable). Scores are tabulated and proposals are ranked based on the average total scores. Proposals with the highest average scores are forwarded to the RSR management committee for review and approval or rejection (see Figure 5). The criteria to evaluate and approve proposals include both technical and operational aspects to determine suitability. Reflecting the demand-driven and results-oriented nature of RSR, one of the most important criteria for Figure 5: Proposal Review and Funding Mechanism evaluating RSR funding proposals is the project’s ability to be implemented. This Step 1 Call for Proposals quality, by definition, requires strong client ownership even for relatively small-scale technical assistance Step 2 Technical Review of Proposals activities. To ensure the proposal’s consistency with the World Bank’s Step 3 Tabulation of Scores overall strategy to assist its clients, the applicable World Bank country director’s office is consulted from a very Step 4 RSR Management Committee early stage of concept development. Approves Proposals Other key evaluation criteria are the cost–benefit consideration, strong Step 5 Applicants Notified theory of change, and solid monitoring and evaluation arrangements to ensure that the activity, if approved for funding, will generate concrete results. In turn, this will contribute significantly to strengthening the country’s system for social protection. progress REPORT 2013 Operational Procedures RSR’s operational procedures have very few program-specific requirements and rely on the World Bank’s existing quality assurance and fiduciary control mechanisms. RSR activities follow the Bank’s rigorous standard operational policies and procedures. Bank-executed knowledge services, technical assistance (TA), Economic Sector Work (ESW) and Knowledge Products (KP) follow the same strict review process that all non-RSR–funded projects are required to follow—each step of the way—including the concept stage, output and endorsement stage, outreach and completion stage with peer review and decision reviews chaired by the respective country director. External Training (TE), such as, South-South forums, also include the concept stage, delivery of learning/ knowledge sharing activity and completion stage (see Table 2). Table 2: RSR / World Bank Knowledge Services Economic & Sector Work (ESW) Involves original analytic effort; intended to influence policies and/or programs Technical Assistance (TA) Enables clients to implement reforms or strengthen institutions External Training (TE) Design and delivery of events focusing on awareness-raising/skills enhancement Knowledge Products (KP) Supports operations through production, retention and dissemination of knowledge Global Monitoring Provides data and tools for policy-makers, academics and civil society organizations Source: World Bank (2013). Recipient-executed projects follow the streamlined procedures and policies established for Small Recipient-Executed Trust Funds (RETF), Figure 6: RETF Approval Process with standardized templates complemented by a risk-based approach. The RETFs go through identification, concept review, appraisal, Concept approval and implementation stages and must include economic, 9 Concept package prepared and reviewed by country, sector procurement, financial management, safeguards assessments, and RSR management, procurement, financial management, fiduciary assessments as well as a results framework. Following the safeguard, legal and technical specialists newly approved procedures for the processing of Small Grants, all RETFs follow the rigorous processes as enumerated in Figure 6. Also of note, RETF grants that are used to co-finance an investment operation and that are prepared alongside the operation are Appraisal processed jointly with the IDA credit. Project paper prepared and approved by country and sector management. The paper includes economic, technical, The World Bank’s operational procedures have been devised to financial management, procurement and environment and maintain both quality assurance and responsiveness. The RSR safeguards assessments, and Results and Operational Risk Assessment Frameworks procedures are designed as an add-on for speedy processing of grant proposals to allow expertise to be deployed quickly. Approval RSR and SPL: Stories Worth Telling The Grant Funding Request (including the final appraisal RSR’s three-year involvement in SPL interventions in over 40 package) is approved by country, sector and RSR Management. countries, often as a pioneer funding mechanism for social protection, means that there are stories to tell and results to share—ones that benefit the broad SPL community. Regular briefs from the field, outlining the challenges, approaches and results associated with RSR activities are sent to the donors and interested parties. The activity briefs, along with associated news Implementation and RSR-funded knowledge products, also are posted on the RSR The recipient submits Project Progress Reports. The Bank website (www.worldbank.org/rsr) to create a rich library for subject team completes Implementation Status and Results Report, specialists. In 2012–13, a “Project Brief� series replaced the earlier linking the information on the status to the results framework. “Story� series. Twenty-two new activity briefs were added to the Source: World Bank (2013). 11 stories produced in 2011–2012. THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM Learning Lessons, Demonstrating Impact RSR’s Results Framework When RSR was created on the heels of the crises in 2009, it was an effort to quickly respond to and foster operation building for social protection, and with a license to think outside the box and take necessary risks. Until now, RSR’s ability to trigger IDA has served as an appropriate proxy to demonstrate impact of this endeavor. As RSR embarks on a new phase, with a shift in focus from rapid response to system building, an explicit definition of results has become a requisite. A results framework, agreed among all donors and the World Bank, will provide RSR with a clear sight on its primary objectives, a structure to measure RSR’s impact on the poor and vulnerable and a guiding principle to manage the RSR portfolio. Thus, the results architecture for RSR is currently under development by the World Bank’s team of social protection and labor experts in consultation with donor representatives. In complement, an impact evaluation is planned for 2017, approximately a year before the new RSR closing date on June 30, 2018, as part of the mid-term review of the World Bank’s Social Protection and Labor Strategy 2012–2022. Building the Evidence Base through SPARCS and ASPIRE RSR is an integral part of the larger SPL system-building agenda for the World Bank and its development partners. An essential building block of systems is the evidence-base, the baseline against which results can be measured. What are countries’ actual needs? What is the current coverage? How many women participate in safety net programs? In the coming phase, RSR will support an effort to operationalize and monitor the central focus on building SPL systems, as outlined in the World Bank’s Social Protection and Labor Strategy 2012– 2022. This responds to a multi-agency endeavor, requested by the Social Protection Inter- Agency Cooperation Board (SPIAC-B),11 to improve the statistics and evidence base around 10 social protection. Today, this baseline is fragmented, inconsistent and insufficiently detailed to be used in policy-making. Two analytical frameworks to this effect are currently under development: ASPIRE (Atlas of Social Protection: Indicators of Resilience and Equity) and SPARCS (Social Protection Assessment of Results and Country Systems). ASPIRE aims at creating comprehensive and harmonized indicators on SPL outcomes. SPARCS endeavors to develop common instruments to assess SPL system attributes (architecture, performance and input/output) in order to help develop and strengthen SPL systems through structured benchmarking. Both ASPIRE and SPARCS, as far as IDA-eligible countries are concerned, are expected to function as an integrated part of the RSR results framework. 1 World Bank’s Social Protection Atlas (www.worldbank.org/sp). 2 Social safety nets are sub-systems of social protection and labor systems. Safety net interventions range from cash transfers to labor- intensive public works to school feeding programs. 3 World Bank member countries are delineated into two categories: International Development Association (IDA) for low income countries and fragile states and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) for middle income countries. 4 The World Bank fiscal year spans from July 1 to June 30. 5 http://www.worldbank.org/financialcrisis/pdf/WBGResponse-VFF.pdf 6 Under the latest round (5th) of calls for proposals. 7 As of 2013, the themes of RSR and their relative resource allocation were slightly modified. Please refer to page 11 for the new themes. 8 Independent Evaluation Group (2011). Social Safety Nets: An Evaluation of World Bank Support, 2000-2010. Washington DC: World Bank. 9 Independent Evaluation Group (2012). The World Bank Group and the Global Food Crisis, An Evaluation of the World Bank Group Response. Washington DC: World Bank. 10 UNICEF (2013). Improving Child Nutrition, The Achievable Imperative for Global Progress. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund. 11 World Bank (2012). Safety Nets Work: During Crisis and Prosperity. Development Committee Paper. Washington DC. progress REPORT 2013 RSR — Three Ways of Building Resilience, Equity and Opportunity Support to New and Improved Social Protection and Labor Systems Coordinated social protection and labor systems bolster people and help econo- mies grow. RSR helps to build critical parts of such systems through policy dia- logue and technical assistance, and by providing the analytical work that helps the systems run efficiently and cost-effectively. RSR projects mobilize larger 11 resources from IDA as well as other sources to complete the system- building work, and helps governments operate the systems to expand social protection coverage. Increased Learning and Knowledge for Social Protection Service Delivery RSR raises awareness on how to increase coverage of social protection in low income countries through South-South learning initiatives and the development of communities of practice. RSR also helps to create new diagnostic techniques that can benefit individual countries or have a global impact on social safety net systems and poor people’s access to basic services. Protecting Access to Basic Services to the Most Vulnerable in Times of Crisis As crises hit and threaten livelihoods and human capital, RSR’s emergency window for limited-scale delivery of SPL benefits and services can be opened to prevent irreversible harm to the most vulnerable populations. RSR projects help to provide nutrition benefits, particularly to young children and their mothers, waivers for school fees and health services, and the required administrative support for efficient service delivery. Theme 1: Support to New and Improved Social Protection and Labor Systems Coordinated social protection and labor systems bolster people and help economies grow. RSR helps to build critical parts of such systems through policy dialogue and technical assistance, and by providing the analytical work that helps the systems run efficiently and cost-effectively. RSR projects mobilize larger resources from IDA as well as other sources to complete the system-building work, and helps governments operate the systems to expand social protection coverage. Africa Making Safety Nets More Efficient Bangladesh Revamping Safety Nets for Better Protection, Nutrition and Education Cameroon Streamlining Programs, Gaining Efficiencies: A New SPL system in the Making Djibouti Boosting Household Incomes and Improving Nutrition Ethiopia Strengthening the Early Warning System for Malnutrition Guinea Helping to Cast Safety Nets Wider Honduras Delivering Stronger Protection and Faster Nutrition Response Kenya Laying the Groundwork for Social Policy Reform Liberia Providing Protection and Opportunities for the Vulnerable Youth Mozambique Developing Building Blocks for Social Protection through Public Works Pakistan Financial Literacy, the Path to Inclusion and Graduation Papua New Guinea Towards Evidence-Based Policy-Making on Youth Employment Rwanda Supporting the Expansion of Social Protection Togo First Steps towards a Consolidated Safety Net System PROGRESS REPORT 2013 Africa SUPPORT TO NEW AND IMPROVED SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR SYSTEMS MAKING SAFETY NETS MORE EFFICIENT Safety nets are growing in Africa as a means of buffering against eco- nomic shocks and providing a ladder out of poverty. RSR has helped six countries review their nascent safety net programs to ensure that the schemes are effective, affordable and anchored in policy frameworks for better coordination, continuity and wider reach. RSR Funding: CHALLENGE US$ 391,874 When the dry season arrives or crises hit, the primary response in many African countries often comes in the form of public works and school feeding programs. Associated IDA Projects: These types of programs can help those who are productive and in school, but Benin Decentralized Community- they fail to address the needs of those most at risk, such as, young children, out- Driven Services Project of-school children and adults who are unable to work. (US$ 46 million), 15 Tanzania Productive Social Safety To reach and improve the lives of the most vulnerable, many African countries are Net Project (US$ 220 million), in the process of piloting or launching cash transfer programs. These regular and Mali Emergency Safety Nets Project predictable transfers of small sums of money increase the access to and utilization (US$ 70 million), of health care and education, improve children’s nutrition and smooth households’ Zambia Productive Safety Nets consumption. (US$ 150 million) Partners: DFID, UNICEF APPROACH With support from RSR, task teams from the World Bank have helped review ongoing and planned safety net programs, including cash transfer programs, in six countries. Recommendations have been developed on how these programs can best be implemented as part of national protection strategies and more efficiently support the extreme poor. Some countries, such as, Mali and Tanzania, have already developed such policy frameworks. Others like, Benin, Lesotho and Zambia, are still in the process. RSR also supported the development of a regional report that pulled together findings of safety nets reviews in 22 African countries (including the six supported by RSR). Analyzing the objectives, features, performance and financing of the programs, the report provides insights on what drives safety nets development in different contexts and challenges associated with establishing safety nets in Africa. The participatory review process helped the respective governments to better see where they stand and what options they have for building the most appropriate social protection system. In certain cases, the study offered an opportunity to engage with the government on social protection issues for the first time. ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS RSR-supported Review of Social Safety Nets • Angola—helped consolidate the country’s first policy dialogue on social protection, resulting in a concrete work plan to develop operational tools (targeting mechanisms, 16 registry of beneficiaries, and monitoring and evaluation) • Benin—aided design of safety net pilot, comprising the first component of a 12- year policy loan • Tanzania—The safety net review was used as a best practice example and guided subsequent similar reviews in other countries. RSR-supported Review of Cash Transfer Programs • Mali—feasibility assessment of cash transfer program informed the design of an IDA- supported safety net operation RSR-supported Dialogue on Social Protection • Lesotho—offered an opportunity to engage with government on social protection issues, resulting in continued technical assistance to the government’s effort to set up a national information system for social assistance. The review has already informed the design of a social protection component of the recently approved Development Policy Credit and a forthcoming Social Protection Strategy. • Zambia—RSR-supported review facilitated dialogue on social protection between government and development partners, and findings expected to inform social protection intervention for FY13 • Regional —helped develop regional briefing note “Readiness of Safety Nets to � including status of safety net development Respond to Drought in the Horn of Africa, in most of Sub-Saharan countries • Regional—helped develop the report: “Social Safety Nets in Africa—A Review of Experiences in 22 Countries� PROGRESS REPORT 2013 BANGLADESH SUPPORT TO NEW AND IMPROVED SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR SYSTEMS REVAMPING SAFETY NETS FOR BETTER PROTECTION, NUTRITION AND EDUCATION RSR is piloting new and smart ways of delivering social safety nets, placing stepping stones for thousands of young people to a more pros- perous life and helping their parents safeguard against shocks. CHALLENGE Population, 150.5 million total (2011) Despite substantial economic growth over the last decade, about 35 million people in Bangladesh remain poor and socio-economic inequities are widening. Poverty 77 (2010) When food prices increase or climate shocks destroy livelihoods, poor families headcount ratio at $2 per day are often forced to resort to negative coping strategies, such as, selling off their (PPP) as percent productive assets, pulling children out of school and reducing the quantity and of population: quality of meals. These actions have direct and lifelong impacts on all family 17 GNI per capita, 780 (2011) members, but especially on children’s mental and physical health. The negative Atlas method effects are then passed on from one generation to the next. (current US$) To address vulnerability and preempt negative coping strategies, the Government RSR Funding: of Bangladesh implements a large number of safety net programs of varying sizes. Applying a broad perspective, including through education, employment, health, US$ 4,075,200 nutrition, and disaster response, these programs provide benefits in the form of Associated IDA Projects: food, cash transfers or a combination of the two. Today, despite these efforts, large Safety Net Systems for the numbers of the poor and vulnerable remain out of reach. Poorest Project (US$ 500 million), Employment Generation Program for the Poorest (US$ 150 million) Partners: Bangladesh Centre for Communication Programs, Data Analysis and Technical Assistance, Bangladesh Post Office APPROACH Recognizing that a more effective and efficient utilization of However, extreme poverty and lack of knowledge on the demand expenditures could increase coverage, the government has side and low capacity on the supply side made it difficult to shown strong willingness to evaluate program effectiveness meet and enforce the conditions attached to the cash transfers. and confront shortcomings. RSR supported the overhaul of the To overcome these constraints and as part of the pilot, local safety net programs through two activities: government staff has been trained to carry out home visits, on a monthly basis, counsel household members on the use of the Shombhob, which means “possible� in Bangla, is the RSR- cash transfer and explain to parents how to ensure that their supported pilot that enables local governments to deliver cash children are not under-weight as well as the importance of breast- transfers to poor families on condition that children under age feeding, hygiene and vaccinations. two are regularly monitored for growth and school-aged children go to school. The assumption is that programs implemented at Nascent, this “smart� safety net now empowers 14,127 mothers the local level are more effective in defining and meeting the thru financial literacy and helps them make more informed needs of the poor than if implemented at the central level. decisions about their children’s nutrition and education. It also fosters cross-collaboration and economies of scale among the The activity pioneered three breakthroughs for social protection Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Local Government in Bangladesh. The first, statistical modeling helps to correctly Division while growing solutions at the local level. identify the poorest households. Second, the management information system was computerized, through a public–private Employment Generation for the Poor Project (EGPP) is the largest partnership, and helps ensure timely cash payments and public works program in the country supported by IDA. RSR is monitoring mechanisms, with schools and communities to verify funding technical assistance to make payments to the workers beneficiary selection and compliance. And the third, an electronic and attendance-monitoring less prone to large-scale error and payment system delivers cash payments at local post offices via fraud. By bringing together new actors and technologies, a more debit cards to mothers of participating households; mothers also timely, cost-effective and transparent modality stands to benefit can use the debit cards to save or transfer money to others. 600,000 workers at 15 sites across the country. 18 ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS Shombhob EGPP Pilot • 14,127 extremely poor families benefiting from the pilot, • Brings private sector technology providers, NGOs and with mothers: government together and is helping to initiate a dialogue on use of technology - Attending nutritional sessions, and learning why and how to monitor growth • 8,000 people benefit directly from implementation of pilot - Ensuring regular attendance at school by their children • Associated IDA Projects: Safety Net Systems for the Poorest Project (US$ 500 million), Employment - Using debit cards to collect their bi-monthly Generation Program for the Poorest (US$ 150 million) allowance - Over 1 million people stand to benefit from • 15,774 primary school-age children attending school, of improved transfer of payments which 7,590 are girls • 7,004 children age 0-36 receiving health benefits, of which 3,800 are girls • Local health clinics being used for health compliance monitoring every month • Local school authorities working with the Project Implementing Unit to carry out education compliance monitoring every 45 days • Scale up of SHOMBHOB currently being discussed PROGRESS REPORT 2013 CAMEROON SUPPORT TO NEW AND IMPROVED SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR SYSTEMS Streamlining Programs, Gaining Efficiencies: A New SPL system in the Making In Cameroon, a system for social protection is being developed through a collaborative and inclusive process with support from RSR. The extreme poor and vulnerable will be better reached while the gov- ernment spends less than it does today on safety nets and subsidies combined. Population, 20.03 million total (2011) Poverty 30 (2007) CHALLENGE headcount ratio at $2 per day While the Cameroon economy possesses tremendous resources in human and (PPP) as percent natural capital, poverty gaps are growing. The vulnerability to droughts, given that of population: almost half of the country’s population is dependent on subsistence agriculture, is 19 GNI per capita, 1,210 (2011) high. In 2007, only 37 percent of the total population was considered food secure, Atlas method and that was before the Food, Fuel and Financial Crisis hit in 2008.1 (current US$) The Government of Cameroon is committed to applying mechanisms for social protection to reduce vulnerability, but due to fragmentation and a limited scale RSR Funding: of interventions, the efforts have so far not produced tangible impacts. Indeed, US$ 550,000 the subsidies used to respond to the economic crises of 2008 proved to be both costly and ineffective. The food subsidies on maize, flour, frozen fish, rice and Associated IDA Project: wheat did not specifically target the poor, children or other vulnerable groups. Social Safety Nets Project And, the fuel subsidies did not benefit the poor either, because commercially (US$ 50 million) available fuel, such as, gasoline, is more likely to be consumed only by households in higher income groups. APPROACH A review of programs and a safety net feasibility study, supported by RSR, demonstrated that it is possible to transform the array of social protection interventions into a system that reaches all of the extreme poor for less than what the government currently spends on safety nets and subsidies altogether. The participatory nature of the analytical work contributed to strong interest and ownership by the government. In addition, the outcome of the studies led to the preparation of a US$ 50 million IDA operation, the country’s first for social protection, approved in March 2013. ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS • Contributed to the first bricks in new safety net system, through a review of existing social safety net programs and a feasibility study to inform the government’s cash transfer pilot, including scale, cost and duration of implementation • Following the analysis, RSR helped to set up a cash transfer pilot that benefits 2,000 poor and food-insecure households (approximately 12,000 people) in two disadvantaged regions of Cameroon • Support set-up included all aspects of design (benefit level, targeting, benefit structure, beneficiary identification methods) and implementation (payment agency, institutional arrangements) • Built capacity at the central level for managing and monitoring of the pilot, including development of a management information system which will help in maintaining an accurate database of current and potential beneficiaries • Associated IDA Project: Social Safety Nets Project (US$ 50 million) - Benefits 420,000 vulnerable people directly through cash transfers and public works programs in the five poorest regions—Adamaoua, the East, the North, the North-West, and the Far-North - Contributes to a coordinated safety net system that can make existing programs better targeted to the poor and vulnerable 1 World Bank (2013). Cameroon Social Safety Net Program Project Appraisal Document. Washington DC. 20 PROGRESS REPORT 2013 DJIBOUTI SUPPORT TO NEW AND IMPROVED SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR SYSTEMS BOOSTING HOUSEHOLD INCOMES AND IMPROVING NUTRITION Prevention, preemption and whole-family solutions are at the fore of Djibouti’s countermeasures to chronic food insecurity and external eco- nomic shocks, and their resulting social challenges. RSR provided tech- nical support to the scale-up of a labor-intensive public works program that combines nutrition interventions and employment opportunities to feed into the overall health and welfare of the country. Population, 905,600 total (2011) CHALLENGE GNI per capita, 1.270 (2009) Atlas method Four consecutive years of drought and the rise in food and fuel prices have brought (current US$) unprecedented challenges in the country. One third of Djiboutian children under five are chronically underweight and 10 percent are severely stunted. Children between the critical ages of 12 and 36 months have the highest prevalence of 21 RSR Funding: malnutrition. Furthermore, only 35 percent of children complete primary school, US$ 173,593 and the unemployment rate hovers around 50 percent.1 Associated IDA Project: The government responded quickly when food insecurity and malnutrition Crisis Response—Social Safety Net turned acute during the food crisis of 2008, lifting taxes on basic food items and Project (US$ 5 million) intensifying food distribution; but the assistance fell short in meeting the needs of the most vulnerable. In part, the existing array of social protection programs was limited in scope and cross-sectoral capacities; they could neither be scaled up for lack of poverty-based targeting mechanisms nor fine-tuned to explicitly capture the most vulnerable first. The magnitude of the problem on the ground surpassed past practices, and necessitated new thinking. APPROACH RSR provided technical support to the scale-up of an integrated social safety net program for poor households. The Djibouti Social Development Agency (ADDS) Workfare Program provides short-term employment opportunities for men and women in community-based labor-intensive works in combination with a nutrition program. This concept is new to Djibouti and serves to ensure that the earned income and the enhanced nutrition practices improve the well-being of the whole family, including pre-school children and pregnant or lactating women. As the first social protection program in the country, all of the necessary systems (targeting, management information, payment) and capacity (training materials, catalogue of works) had to be built, and RSR helped provide the requisite technical support. It also introduced such concepts as the preventive approach to nutrition, focusing on the first 1,000 days (from pregnancy to two years old) and working across sectors. ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS • Built monitoring information system, serving as basis for a national registry of beneficiaries 22 • Developed tools to improve targeting system, including methodology for evaluation applicable to a wide range of social protection programs, survey questionnaire, training manual, indicators and sampling framework • Provided technical consultations on how to make safety nets more effective, with a particular emphasis on women and children and focus group discussions in communities to fine-tune messaging, actively engaging women in the program to encourage better nutrition practices • Supported field visits by the government and executing agency to see cross- sectoral programs and prevention approach to malnutrition in Guinea and Mali • Supported ADDS staff participation in the Social Safety Net Core Course in Washington DC (December 2010) • Associated IDA Project: Crisis Response—Social Safety Net Project (US$ 5 million) - Creates 219,000 work days for 2,900 temporary workers (75 days per worker), benefitting 18,270 people and piloting the use of banking system for weekly-based payment linked to MIS system - Captures 2,900 beneficiaries of safety net programs, of which 750 are women - Services 50 percent of pregnant/lactating women and preschool children enrolled in the nutrition program 1 All statistics in this paragraph are based on: World Bank (2012). Djibouti Social Safety Net Project Emergency Project Paper. Washington DC. PROGRESS REPORT 2013 ETHIOPIA SUPPORT TO NEW AND IMPROVED SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR SYSTEMS STRENGTHENING THE EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR MALNUTRITION RSR helped the regional health bureaus to improve data collection and quality to better track malnutrition in the wake of seasonal shocks. Early warning information, as a result of RSR’s support, is now flowing from villages to regional administrations and line ministries, enabling a united and timely response. Population, 84.73 million total (2011) CHALLENGE Poverty 78 (2005) In Ethiopia, the effects of the 2008 Food Crisis were exacerbated by droughts, and headcount ratio by significantly reduced levels of remittances from Ethiopians living overseas. Then at $2 per day (PPP) as percent in 2011, the rains failed again over the Horn of Africa and new droughts pushed the of population: already vulnerable deeper into poverty and put millions in need of emergency food GNI per capita, 370 (2011) assistance. 23 Atlas method (current US$) This cycle of seasonal shock and often-resulting famine recurred, in part, for lack of an efficient system to predict looming food crises. Up until recently, the reporting system only collected indicators on the food supply-side, such as, rainfall and crop productions, while data on malnutrition were captured separately and sporadically. RSR Funding: And, ad hoc surveys were the only reliable source for detecting problems with US$ 1,021,496 nutrition, which made timely response difficult. Associated IDA Project: Nutrition Project (US$ 30 million) Partner: UNICEF APPROACH In 2009, the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) launched the new National Nutrition Program (NNP) supported by a US$ 30 million grant from IDA that aims to improve the nutritional status of young children and mothers. As part of the program, and with support from RSR, the government embarked on a reform to improve nutrition data management and utilization. The reform makes way for evidence-based decision- making through a strengthened Nutrition Information System (NIS). RSR, in collaboration with UNICEF , supported the development and implementation of the NIS in 11 particularly pastoral regions where malnutrition is high but data is scarce. Here, RSR helped the regional health bureaus establish better data collection procedures and improve the quality of data from the existing sources. Examples of such sources include the Community-Based Nutrition (CBN) Program, which actively involves families and community members in assessing the health- and nutrition-related problems of children and women, and the Therapeutic Feeding Program, which provides life-saving services to severely malnourished children. Funds from RSR also helped the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (ENHRI) build a central database to monitor and supervise the regular information flow from the woredas (the smallest unit of local government) to the districts to the regions, and across to the Emergency Nutrition Coordination Unit in the Disaster Risk Management and Food Security Sector (DRMFSS) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. This flow of information enables a triangulation of food security data for increased validity and agreement on thresholds for response. 24 ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS • Cultivated intra-government collaboration, representing a paradigm shift in structures and reporting • Strengthened health and nutrition management information systems, resulting in information flowing across federal, regional, district and woreda levels to support better program implementation • 2,380 health personnel trained on data collection, quality, management and utilization, representing 100 percent of target • Associated IDA Project: Nutrition Project (US$ 30 million) - 9,750,000 people provided access to basic package of nutrition services covering infant and young child feeding, micronutrients and women’s nutrition - 41 percent of children 0-23 months participated in monthly growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) sessions, with prevalence of malnutrition (underweight) decreasing from 31 to 14 percent as of mid-term - 54.5 percent of woredas providing monthly nutrition data to federal level (exceeding end target by mid-term) - National Nutrition Coordination Body established, with high-level membership from sectors PROGRESS REPORT 2013 GUINEA SUPPORT TO NEW AND IMPROVED SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR SYSTEMS HELPING TO CAST SAFETY NETS WIDER RSR helped to lay the foundations of a safety net system that is anchored within a social protection strategy and capable of effectively respond- ing to crises and increasing people’s resilience. CHALLENGE Population, 10.2 million Guinea rests at a critical juncture, brought about by the combination of a first- total (2011) ever government with both national and international legitimacy and the coming together of civil society energies in support for democracy and development. In Poverty 70 (2007) step, the new government is ceasing this window of opportunity to use social headcount ratio service delivery as a means to reduce poverty and increase growth. But as is at $2 per day commonly the case in low income countries, social protection interventions are (PPP) as percent of population: characterized by fragmented, small-scale piecemeal programs, to a large extent dependent on donors. 25 GNI per capita, 430 (2011) Atlas method The government is recognizing the challenge of fragmentation and is now looking (current US$) for a systems approach in order to improve both efficiency and effectiveness. RSR Funding: US$ 400,000 APPROACH To assist the government in this endeavor—and with support from RSR—a World Associated IDA Project: Bank task team set out to identify the sources of systemic shocks in Guinea and Productive Social Safety Net Project their effects on the chronic poor. (US$ 25 million) The analytical work resulted in the approval of an IDA grant of US$25 million for Guinea’s Productive Safety Net Project, approved in June 2012. RSR also helped to build in-country capacity (including at the local institutions level) to efficiently implement the IDA-financed project, which is attracting new partners as well; for example, the UN Peace Building Fund and the European Union have pledged additional funding. In parallel to the implementation, lessons are drawn from the project which will feed into a new social protection strategy for the country. Guinea’s Productive Safety Net Project provides temporary jobs in public works and cash transfers. The latter invests directly in helping malnourished children and primary school girls in rural areas where many children suffer from malnutrition and too few girls finish primary education. 26 ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS • Carried out a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the Food, Fuel, and Financial Crisis on the poor and vulnerable populations, assessing household coping mechanisms and reviewing existing safety net instruments for effectiveness (relevance, responsiveness to crisis, scalability, targeting, coverage, sustainability) • Laid groundwork for extensive in-country dialogue, contextualizing dimensions of social protection and identifying instruments suitable to the Guinean context • Designed key safety net system elements, including eligibility criteria, benefit levels, targeting mechanisms, payment systems, management information system/information and communications technology, and implementation and financing options • Supported South-South learning participation • Associated IDA Project: Productive Social Safety Net Project (US$ 25 million) - Creates 2.4 million work days for 24,000 temporary workers (100 days per worker per year), benefiting 144,000 people - Builds community infrastructure through public works, serving 500,000 users - Provides life skills training for 5,000 youth participating in the public works program - Covers 10,000 poor households, benefiting approximately 60,000 people from unconditional cash transfers, of which 5,000 households with malnourished children 0- 24 months old and 5,000 households with primary school age girls PROGRESS REPORT 2013 HONDURAS SUPPORT TO NEW AND IMPROVED SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR SYSTEMS Delivering Stronger Protection and Faster Nutrition Response RSR supported the implementation of two IDA grants for nutrition and social protection in Honduras. The RSR grants enabled the government to in a timely manner detect crises-affected locations, target those most in need, as well as ensure nutrition monitoring in areas with high inci- dence of malnutrition. Population, 7.75 million total (2011) CHALLENGE Poverty 30 (2009) Honduras is not only one of the poorest countries in the Latin America and headcount ratio Caribbean Region, its income inequality is also one of the highest. Despite its at $2 per day (PPP) as percent rich resources in agricultural land, forests and fishing grounds in two oceans, 29 of population: percent of children under five are stunted—a figure that rises to 50 percent in 27 GNI per capita, 1,980 (2011) some parts of the country.1 Atlas method (current US$) Besides high levels of persistent poverty, the country struggles with unemployment fueling violence and crime as young people seek opportunities in drug trafficking. In addition, Honduras is extremely susceptible to cyclical hurricanes and droughts. RSR Funding: US$ 1,272,566 APPROACH Associated IDA Projects: In January 2010, the then new government introduced a flagship social assistance Nutrition and Social Protection program, Bono 10,000, a conditional cash transfer program targeted to poor Project Additional Financing families with children. Along with the launch of Bono, the new administration (US$ 20 million), also articulated a National Plan that set the intention “to provide resources to Social Protection Project the poorest in society through a social protection strategy that would change… (US$ 40 million) Honduras into a country with no extreme poverty, educated and healthy, with �2 consolidated systems of social security. Honduras has had, since 1991, a community-based nutrition program, Atención Integral a la Ninez Comunitaria (AIN-C), to prevent chronic malnutrition through monitoring and promoting children’s growth and by providing personalized counseling to parents and referrals to health centers. The AIN-C program is based on community volunteers (monitores). Through the IDA-supported Nutrition and Social Protection Project Additional Financing Project, the World Bank is supporting the consolidation and expansion of the AIN-C services, especially with regard to systematic training and monitoring for monitores at the community level. In a pilot supported by RSR, the monitores use cell phones to transmit the nutrition information that they collect to the regional offices for analysis. Prior to the RSR intervention, the AIN-C information system was not prepared to serve as an emergency warning system. For example, data collected in the field took at least one month to reach the central level. In addition, RSR provided support to expand Bono 10,000 and AIN-C. Through an assessment of the targeting instrument, RSR helped to strengthen Bono 10,000 and assisted the program in attaining its enrollment goal of reaching the most vulnerable. In complement, RSR supported the provision of nutritional services in crises-affected Bono 10,000 communities and in AIN-C communities. ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS RSR Grant to Nutrition • To date, trained 103 health staff from the central, regional and local levels in data collection and transmission, and provided data collectors (monitores) with cell phones for transmitting nutritional data • Contributed towards the expansion of nutritional and health services— including the purchase and distribution of micronutrient supplements in the six departments, and training on use of micronutrient supplements and early childhood development • 2,614 children and 270 pregnant women benefitted directly from the RSR- supported nutrition activities • Associated IDA Project: Nutrition and Social Protection Project Additional Financing (US$ 20 million, approved June 2011) - 2,300 health care workers trained and 1,036 communities receiving AIN-C services (exceeding target), with 97% of 0–2 year olds in beneficiary 28 communities participating in weighing sessions (exceeding target) - Institutional structure for social protection policy formulation, planning and implementation defined and approved by decree RSR Grant to Social Protection • Provided technical assistance to the development of a targeting mechanism for subsidies, a unique registry of beneficiaries and a review of existing social protection programs to see how these can be consolidated and free up resources for the conditional cash transfer program under Bono 10,000 • Evaluated alternative payment options for the cash transfer program, including transfers through mobile phones and cooperative banks • Associated IDA Project: Social Protection Project (US$ 40 million, approved June 2010) - Conditional Cash Transfer: 600,000 poor households, benefitting 3.6 million people with 65 percent of conditional cash transfers received by households in the poorest quintile 1 World Bank (2009). Nutrition at a Glance: Honduras. Washington DC (http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NUTRITION/ Resources/281846-1271963823772/Honduras.pdf) 2 Honduras National Plan for Development 2010. PROGRESS REPORT 2013 KENYA SUPPORT TO NEW AND IMPROVED SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR SYSTEMS LAYING THE GROUNDWORK FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION REFORM RSR has helped Kenya to create an affordable and harmonized frame- work for social protection, one that more effectively tackles inequalities and reduces poverty and vulnerabilities. Population, 41.61 million CHALLENGE total (2011) With a long-term shift out of family farming into a service-based economy and rapidly- increasing urbanization as a result, Kenya is undergoing a profound transformation. Poverty 67 (2005) The new economy, however, is not generating enough modern sector wage jobs for headcount ratio at $2 per day the young, who make up over half of the labor force, and inequalities are growing. (PPP) as percent Nearly half of the population lives in poverty and 20 percent in extreme poverty.1 of population: A newly ratified constitution protects the rights of women, marginalized groups 29 GNI per capita, 820 (2011) Atlas method and the disabled through a comprehensive Bill of Rights that includes the right to (current US$) social protection. Yet, the many social protection programs are disconnected from one and another, and the ten-fold increase in the coverage of safety net programs since 2005 reaches only 8 percent of the extreme poor.2 RSR Funding: US$ 1.5 million To increase the efficiency and effectiveness of safety nets in Kenya, the government plans to establish a National Safety Net Program (NSNP) that will provide a Associated IDA Projects: coordinated framework for the five main cash transfer programs. This is the first Cash Transfer for Orphans and critical step in a longer-term reform agenda aimed at establishing a national safety Vulnerable Children (US$ 50 million), net system for the country. National Integrated Safety Net Program (Program for Results) (US$ 250 million, to be approved in APPROACH July 2013) RSR-funded activities were designed to assist the reform agenda by focusing on short-term needs to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the existing safety net programs, while also looking strategically at the longer-term evolution of the sector. The Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Program (CT-OVC) is one of the five main cash transfer programs in Kenya. The RSR supported the implementation of a pilot of co-responsibilities in which beneficiaries access regular transfers of cash on provision that children are vaccinated and attend school. RSR also supported the roll-out of biometric smart cards to pay beneficiaries of the program through a new payment service provider. RSR also financed three technical works: a Review of the Social Protection Sector, a Review of the Kenya Urban Cash Transfer Pilot, and the design of a single beneficiary registry. Cumulatively, these helped to deepen the in-country dialogue on social protection. The most concrete example of their effect is the decision by the government to launch a National Integrated Safety Net Program and the proposed IDA operation to support it through the Program-for-Results (P4R), currently under preparation. ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS • Informed the operationalization of the National Social Protection Policy and supported the design of the National Integrated Safety Net Program and the proposed World Bank support to it through a Program for Results (P4R): - Financed the Kenya Social Protection Review, which provided the backbone for the National Safety Net Program, and the Review of Kenya Urban Food Subsidy Cash Transfer Pilot, which resulted in improved implementation systems and procedures - Supported technical assistance to help the government design a single registry for the five principle cash transfer programs, consolidate sources of information for policy-makers, enable cross-checking of beneficiary lists, strengthen process to identify beneficiary lists and create a platform for other delivery systems - Supported the Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Program of the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Development on the implementation of a co-responsibility pilot and roll-out of new biometric smart card payment service • Associated IDA Projects: National Integrated Safety Net Program (P4R) (US$ 250 million, to be approved in July 2013) and Kenya Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (US$ 50 million) 30 1 World Bank (2009). Kenya Poverty and Inequality Assessment, Executive Summary and Synthesis Report. Washington DC. 2 World Bank (2013). Kenya National Safety Net Program for Results Project Information Document. Washington DC. PROGRESS REPORT 2013 LIBERIA SUPPORT TO NEW AND IMPROVED SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR SYSTEMS PROVIDING PROTECTION AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR LIBERIA’S VULNERABLE YOUTH Liberia is focused on creating jobs for their youth. The government has allocated US$ 75 million to the Liberia Youth Employment Pro- gram (LYEP), with the goal of creating 20,000 new jobs annually over the next five years. RSR supported analytical work that enabled an efficient use of resources and helped ensure that the program reaches those most in need. Population, 4.129 million total (2011) CHALLENGE Poverty 95 (2007) headcount ratio In a country where 75 percent of the population is under 35 years old,1 stability and at $2 per day growth hinge on opportunities given to young people. This is imperative in Liberia (PPP) as percent where the challenges not only lie in the sheer size of the youth population but also of population: 31 in their vulnerability; most grew up during the civil war in childhoods marked by GNI per capita, 330 (2011) violence and insecurity, and deprived of access to education and health. Atlas method (current US$) The government is committed to developing a social protection and labor system and improving opportunities for youth so that the country can heal its wounds and RSR Funding: grow into the middle-income country it aspires to be. The short-term priority is to US$ 240,000 generate employment for young people, while also working towards rebuilding the country’s human capital and concertedly focusing on those aged 15 and younger. Associated IDA Project: The challenges are many, not least including government institutional capacity and Youth Employment Skills Project the absence of a strategy to coordinate and monitor the targeting and impact of the (US$ 16 million) many fragmented and mostly donor-driven programs for youth that already exist. Partner: UNDP APPROACH With RSR support, the World Bank task team has built an evidence base that informs the choice, design and sequencing of interventions under LYEP . These policy recommendations were fed into a multi-sectoral framework led by the Ministry of Youth and Sports and will help guide the policies for youth over the next five years. RSR was a vital instrument to jump start an important and emerging priority issue for the government, providing balance between a structured and flexible framework and meeting the on-the-ground needs in a timely manner. ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS • In collaboration with UNDP, developed and widely circulated a comprehensive World Bank (2010). Liberia Youth, Employment, Skills 1. database of youth-targeted programs and studies in Liberia with a view to Project Appraisal Document. Washington DC. avoid duplication and make programs more effective • Carried out a meta-analysis of programs from around the world addressing vulnerable youth and took stock on lessons relevant for Liberia • Authored a Vulnerable Youth Profile Note based on Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire (2007 and 2010), Labor Force Survey (2010), the three most recent District Household Surveys and the National School Census, to better understand who the vulnerable youth are and their needs, and to ensure programs targeting vulnerable youth indeed reach that population • Informed the design and implementation of the Liberia Youth Employment Program (LYEP), based on the findings from the above three products • Associated IDA Project: Youth, Employment, Skills Project (US$ 16 million) - Creates 1,080,000 days of temporary employment for 28,000 youth (40-day period at US$ 3 per day wage rate), of which 50.3 percent are women - Trains 1,028 youth toward certification, of which 38 percent are women - Trains 215 institutional leaders and trainers on skills development - Includes 100 business owners participating and completing business development training VOICES: Lulu’s and Bendy’s Stories To assist the Government of Liberia in its policy reform for youth employment, RSR supported the development of profiles of vulnerable youth based on national surveys and census data. As part of this work, several series of interviews were conducted to identify the people behind the statistics and paint a better picture of who the youth really are. 32 Here are the stories of Lulu and Bendy who were about to begin skills training under the IDA-supported Youth, Skills and Employment (YES) Project at the “I left school in 7th grade because of the war, but time of the interviews. The YES Project provides jobs for poor, unemployed I liked school very much and had good teachers. I Liberian youth by providing them with training in a skill or trade, or giving them got married and had seven children, but my hus- access to temporary employment through public works in their community. band died in the war. We were forced to move to a camp for internally displaced people near the border of Guinea. We lived there for three years. We didn’t have enough food and could not get “I moved several times during the war and ended up here [in Klay any medical attention so two of my youngest outside Monrovia]. I had to stop school when I was in the 7th grade children died. Since the war things have been dif- because my parents were worried about me when I walked back and ficult, but we have a place to live now and I have forth to school, then we were forced to leave our home and got sepa- enough money to buy food, but if anyone were rated somehow… I ended up in a refugee camp in Guinea by myself. to get sick I would not be able to pay for their My family suffered a lot of violence. My older brother was killed, and treatment. I taught myself how to build kitchens my grandfather was beaten so badly he was paralyzed. I was also and I also fish for other people. Despite all that I beaten several times by soldiers and one time I nearly died. After the have gone through, I feel that people listen to me war, I went back to look for the rest of my family, but I have not been in my community and come to me for advice and able to find them. help. I would like to help others more, but cannot at the moment. I am looking forward to partici- I live with my boyfriend and we have two children. Currently, I braid pating in the project and hope that it will give me hair and although I don’t earn much we make enough for our family to enough skills to get a better job. It is important eat and we have a place to live. If anyone gets sick though, it would be to me because I would like to be able to send my difficult to pay for treatment. I would find a way though. I have a lot of children to school. � hope. I am excited about the YES Project and hope I can learn a skill that Lulu, 35 will help me find a job so I can send my children to school when they are old enough. � Bendy, 27 PROGRESS REPORT 2013 MOZAMBIQUE SUPPORT TO NEW AND IMPROVED SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR SYSTEMS DEVELOPING BUILDING BLOCKS FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION THROUGH PUBLIC WORKS RSR played a key role in identifying and preparing the first IDA-sup- ported social protection project in Mozambique. The US$ 50 million IDA grant will strengthen institutions, consolidate a national basic social security strategy and support the nationwide expansion of a public works program. Population, 23.93 million total (2011) CHALLENGE Poverty 82 (2009) In recent years, Mozambique has been hit frequently by natural disasters, leading headcount ratio to the loss of crops, livestock, homes and other assets. Intertwined with increasing at $2 per day (PPP) as percent food prices, more than half of today’s adult population in Mozambique is food- of population: insecure, and 44 percent of children are chronically malnourished.1 33 GNI per capita, 470 (2011) Three-quarters of the population and most of the poor reside in rural areas vulnerable Atlas method (current US$) to seasonal and frequent climatic-related shocks. The agricultural lean season poses an especially high risk of food insecurity for rural workers and their families —on average consuming 40 percent fewer calories in this four-month period.2 RSR Funding: Conversely, a reliance on food and fuel subsidies and protracted underemployment US$ 2,155,000 beset the urban poor who, as a result of the prolonged rise of food and fuel prices, have continued to delve deeper into poverty. Associated IDA Project: Social Protection Project (US$ 50 million) Partners: DfID, SIDA Families in rural and urban areas are often forced to resort to self-destructive coping strategies, such as, selling off already limited productive assets, reducing the quality and quantity of food and taking children out of school. The effects of these actions are often debilitating and lifelong, especially for children. APPROACH Through a pilot, RSR supported the development of labor-intensive public works in 10 arid and semi-arid rural areas and two urban areas to address the country-specific dynamics of poverty and food insecurity. RSR helped to set the direction of the new national public works program by developing and testing criteria for selecting beneficiaries, determining the level of transfers and ascertaining the types of eligible public works. Under the scheme, workers in rural areas are given a cash transfer for labor-intensive public works during the agricultural lean season, a time when families typically have no alternative source of income. The works are mostly focused on soil and water conservation and management, rehabilitation of degraded areas, rural roads maintenance and support to agricultural practices. The project will also support extremely poor workers in urban areas to help address longer periods of unemployment. Here, the workers participate in cleaning drainage systems, parks and cemeteries. RSR also supported the National Institute for Social Action (Instituto Nacional de Acção Social—INAS), as the agency implementing the four major social protection programs comprised in the new social protection strategy, in defining its institutional responsibilities and relationships with other central and local agencies that are implementing labor- intensive public works. 34 ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS • Developed and implemented a public works pilot in 10 rural and two urban districts - 9,592 poor households or, around 50,000 people benefitted from the pilot - Community assets created in 10 rural and two urban districts • Developed methods to adequately identify poor and vulnerable populations • Developed an operational manual, serving as basis for implementing National Program for Productive Social Action (Programa de Accao Social Produtiva) integrated in National Strategy for Social Protection (Estrategia Nacional de Seguranca Social Basica) • Defined the main processes to be implemented during IDA operation, including the flow of funds, payments to beneficiaries and monitoring and evaluation process • Facilitated South-South learning, through core courses, in-country expert visits and an international conference on social protection in Maputo • Associated IDA Project: Mozambique Social Protection Project (US$ 50 million, approved March 28, 2013) - Expands public works program nationwide - Employs 100,000 temporary workers, benefiting 500,000 people - At least 50 percent of workers are women World Health Organization (2010). Comprehensive Food 1 Security and Vulnerability Analysis. Maputo. - Places public works program as a key building block of a safety net system 2 World Bank (2013). Mozambique Social Protection Project Information Document. Washington DC. PROGRESS REPORT 2013 Pakistan SUPPORT TO NEW AND IMPROVED SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR SYSTEMS Financial Literacy, the Path to Inclusion and Graduation Through a small grant, RSR is helping millions of cash transfer benefi- ciaries in Pakistan see the benefits of formal savings and better access banking services. While most of the beneficiaries remain “unbanked, � awareness is growing about financial literacy and inclusion as a means of graduating from social assistance and accessing long-term eco- Population, 176.7 million nomic opportunities. total (2011) Poverty 60 (2008) headcount ratio CHALLENGE at $2 per day (PPP) as percent The Food, Fuel and Financial Crisis of 2008 and the devastating floods of 2010 of population: pushed a large share of Pakistan’s vulnerable population into abject poverty. 35 GNI per capita, 1,120 (2011) As a response to the crises, the Government of Pakistan established two large cash Atlas method (current US$) transfer programs—the Benazir Income Support Program (BISP), which targets the chronic poor, and the Citizen Damage Compensation Program (CDCP) for the flood- affected population. The two programs were financed in part by IDA credits and RSR Funding: now reach almost a sixth of the total population. Both programs use advanced US$ 810,000 technology-based payment mechanisms, such as payments via ATM, magstripe Associated IDA Projects: debit cards, mobile phones and point of service (POS) agents. Social Safety Net Project That being said, very few of the 27 million cash transfer recipients have access (US$ 60 million), to formal bank accounts and services. Instead, they have to rely on risky and Social Safety Net Project inconvenient ways to manage their monthly income. They also have very little Additional Financing opportunity to save and weather unexpected events, such as unemployment, (US$ 150 million) illnesses and deaths without resorting to expensive debt. Partners: APPROACH CGAP, The Benazir Income Support RSR supported an assessment that has helped the government better understand Program and Cabinet Division, how the beneficiaries of cash transfer programs manage their personal finances Government of Pakistan, and perceive payment systems and banking. The results are being used by State Bank of Pakistan, implementing agencies and participating financial institutions in their planning and DfID ensuring efficient and effective delivery of the cash grants. In complement, a Financial Literacy and Inclusion (FLI) module was designed for the poorest and most vulnerable women receiving cash transfers from BISP and CDCP . It provides hands-on training to educate the beneficiaries on the best use of cash transfers, the ATM card payment system and the different banking services that are available. ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS • Carried out a beneficiary survey of cash transfer programs through a nationally representative survey identifying feasible options for more efficient and cost- 36 effective delivery of payments, soliciting for the first time the experiences and opinions of the poorest and most vulnerable. - Different payment modalities were compared from a beneficiary perspective (payments via ATM, magstripe debit cards, mobile phones, POS agents and the post office). • Developed a Learning and Training Module on Financial Literacy, a complete kit with videos, training manual, participant manuals and other teaching aids. - The Financial Innovation Challenge Fund used the RSR-supported learning module to train 817 ,000 extremely poor female cash transfer beneficiaries in six districts (funded by State Bank of Pakistan). • Informed BISP pilot, further educating beneficiaries on the utility of magstripe debit cards—encouraging their use to buy groceries—and the banking system for savings, hence helping them onto the path of financial inclusion and graduation. • Supported the development of a documentary film on the evolution of cash transfer payments in the country, and lessons learnt. • Associated IDA Projects: Social Safety Net Project (US$ 60 million) and Social Safety Net Project Additional Financing (US$ 150 million). • The RSR products are currently being disseminated in collaboration with the DfID supported trust fund: Disaster Recovery and Social Protection Reforms in Pakistan, through the State Bank of Pakistan with a goal of creating a dialogue around financial literacy and encouraging further adoption of technology based payment mechanisms. The audience for the dissemination activities are provincial level stakeholders (governments, academia, commercial Banks and private sector, civil society, and international development partners). Within the governments the participants come from the Departments of Planning, Finance, Education, Health and Social Welfare. PROGRESS REPORT 2013 PAPUA NEW GUINEA SUPPORT TO NEW AND IMPROVED SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR SYSTEMS TOWARDS EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY-MAKING ON YOUTH EMPLOYMENT RSR is strengthening the government’s capacity to implement and evaluate the impacts of a youth employment project that aims to increase the aspirations and future earnings of 17,500 disadvantaged urban youth. Population, 7,013,829 CHALLENGE total (2011) The Papua New Guinea Urban Youth Employment Project (UYEP) is a US$ 15.8 million IDA-financed operation that commenced in the capital, Port GNI per capita, 1.480 (2011) Atlas method Moresby, and will run over five years. With the initiative, the government is hoping (current US$) to make a difference in the lives of young, disadvantaged and unemployed people by giving them a chance to acquire skills and gain work experience. The project 37 provides life skills training, short-term public works employment and on-the-job skills training in partnership with the public and private sector. During the preparation phase of UYEP , it became apparent that the project management would benefit from additional capacity building and technical RSR Funding: support to develop a robust monitoring system and implement the targeting and US$ 300,000 impact evaluation. Associated IDA Project: Urban Youth Employment Project APPROACH (US$ 16 million) Funds from RSR enabled the rapid deployment of technical expertise to build the monitoring and reporting capacity of the Port Moresby city authority and to Partners: develop baseline and eligibility screening surveys and procedures for determining Korean Trust Fund (Republic of the admission of youth into UYEP . These activities were executed by a World Bank Korea), PNG LNG task team on behalf of the project’s implementing agency, the National Capital District Commission. RSR also supported the development of a robust impact evaluation of UYEP . The evaluation, which is randomized in its design, collected information on whether the program’s components led to better jobs, and the extent to which participants were less likely to engage in criminal activities as compared to those who did not participate. Bi-annual consultations with community leaders on how well UYEP is addressing the needs of youth trainees will provide valuable feedback on progress and allow for a cross-check to increase the validity of the evaluation. This is the first time that the government has developed a training and employment program specifically for young people. The impact evaluation is helping to establish whether the approach was appropriate and allowing the city authority and central 38 government to make more informed decisions on youth and employment issues in the future. In addition to RSR, the monitoring and evaluation components of UYEP received funding from the Korean Trust Fund, IDA as well as the private sector joint venture PNG LNG. Accomplishments and Results • Designed a comprehensive impact evaluation strategy and carried out a baseline study for the evaluation of the project • Strengthened social accountability of the project through the development of a transparent eligibility screening mechanism for admission to UYEP , and the establishment of a grievance redress mechanism • Associated IDA Project: Urban Youth Employment Project (US$ 16 million) – Creates 480,000 labor days for 10,500 Youth Job Corps participants, of which 70 percent are from the poorest 40 percent of the National Capital District and 33 percent are women PROGRESS REPORT 2013 RWANDA SUPPORT TO NEW AND IMPROVED SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR SYSTEMS SUPPORTING THE EXPANSION OF SOCIAL PROTECTION RSR helped to identify and resolve some of the key implementation challenges of the National Social Protection Strategy and laid the groundwork for the expansion of Rwanda’s largest social safety net program. The technical assistance funded by RSR paved the way for two programmatic operations totaling US$ 90 million in Development Policy Grants from IDA. Population, 10.94 million total (2011) CHALLENGE Poverty 82 (2011) Nearly 1,000 days away from the target year of 2015, Rwanda has made notable headcount ratio at $2 per day progress towards some of the Millennium Development Goals, as witnessed by (PPP) as percent the two thirds drop in child mortality and the attainment of near-universal primary of population: school enrollment.1 But the country’s rapid population growth combined with 39 GNI per capita, 570 (2011) sustained high food prices and the adverse impacts of economic and climatic Atlas method shocks presents serious concerns. (current US$) Over a decade ago, the government and donors launched several initiatives for RSR Funding: poverty reduction. In the absence of a defined social protection policy or strategy, US$ 2,191,995 interventions remained poorly targeted and fragmented across government institutions with no firm coordination framework. This rendered them inefficient in Associated IDA Projects: reducing poverty and buffering against shocks. Support to Social Protection System (US$ 40 million), Second Support to Social Protection System (US$ 50 APPROACH million, approved in March 2013), Since 2005, the social protection sector has evolved significantly in Rwanda. Third Community Living Standards RSR supported the country’s first social safety net assessment, which helped Grant (US$ 6 million) to define and solve some of the implementation issues of the new National Protection Strategy (approved in 2011). The assessment analyzed and identified gaps in a number of policy areas related to the fast-developing social sector, such as, cash transfers, social insurance, targeting, decentralization and harmonization, management information systems’ requirements and design, and thus helped the government to improve and prioritize social protection. RSR also assisted in the evaluation of the country’s largest safety net program, Vision 2020 Umurenge Program (VUP), which combines direct cash transfers, public works and micro-credit interventions to benefit the most vulnerable segments of the Rwandan poor. In addition, RSR supported the development of beneficiary and administrative databases, the training of VUP staff, and the design 1. World Bank (2010). Liberia Youth, Employment, Skills and implementation of a management information system. Project Appraisal Document. Washington DC. Number of Beneficiaries of Social Safety Net Programs in Rwanda, Elements of the Evolving Coordinated System for 2010–2012 Social Protection in RWANDA: • Social protection has a strong and evolving Safety Nets Coverage 2010–2012 coordination structure under a single 100,000 ministry with poliy oversight for the main SP programs. 80,000 • The sector has a systems approach, including 60,000 built-in mechanisms for targeting, graduation 40,000 and management information system 20,000 • There are structured implmentation arrangements for the ministry, agency level 0 and local governments, and subnational 2010 2011 2012 administrations Cash Transfers Public Works All together, these RSR-funded activities helped Vision 2020 Umurenge to expand, so that it can cover more families without jeopardizing fiscal sustainability ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS • Provided support to the redesign of the Vision 2020 Umurenge Program (VUP), the country’s largest safety net program 40 • Helped VUP cover (as of July 2012) nearly half of the country’s 416 geographical sectors, up from just 30 when it was launched in 2008, with the number of beneficiaries growing from less than 10,000 to over half a million. • Developed policy guidelines for linking social protection with disaster risk management • Associated IDA Projects: Support to Social Protection System (US$ 40 million), Second Support to Social Protection System (US$ 50 million, approved March 22, 1 www.worldbank.org/rwanda/overview 2013) and Third Community and Living Standards Grant (US$ 6 million) PROGRESS REPORT 2013 TOGO SUPPORT TO NEW AND IMPROVED SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR SYSTEMS FIRST STEPS TOWARDS AN EFFICIENT SAFETY NET SYSTEM Two RSR grants provided Togo with essential building blocks of the country’s budding safety net systems and catalyzed resources from IDA. Based on the results of the analytical work and the capacity build- ing activities financed by the RSR grants, the Government of Togo elab- orated its first national social protection policy and developed public works and cash-transfer programs. Population, 6.155 million total (2011) CHALLENGE Poverty 69 (2006) headcount ratio Togo has made considerable progress in the past years following successful at $2 per day legislative elections in 2007 and recent economic growth resulting from better (PPP) as percent rainfall and increased cereal production. Yet significant challenges remain: Togo’s of population: 41 is one of the poorest countries in the world with a per capita GDP of 570 in 2011 GNI per capita, 570 (2011) (according to the World Bank’s Atlas methodology), and a ranking of 139 out of 169 Atlas method countries in the 2010 UNDP Human Development Index.1 (current US$) RSR Funding: APPROACH US$ 592,505 In response to a number of crises that affected the country in recent years, the Associated IDA Projects: government decided to build fiscally sustainable and targeted safety nets system Community Development and Safety to reduce the most severe poverty and halt its adverse impact on the country’s Nets Project (US$ 14 million), growth. Community Development Project Additional Financing (US$ 9 million) RSR contributed to the development of the safety net system by supporting the development of the national Social Protection Strategy, and helping in the design Partners: and implementation of new targeted programs on cash transfers and public works. ILO, UNDP, UNICEF The activities financed by RSR were part of a broader program, supported by all major development partners in Togo, and under the leadership of Ministry of Employment. Specifically, RSR provided a technical assistance grant to develop a public works program and a cash transfer pilot under the IDA Community Development and Safety Nets Project. The cash transfer pilot is being implemented in close collaboration with UNICEF , which is co-financing an impact evaluation of the cash transfer component. The grant also financed activities to increase the capacity of the government, in particular the Ministry of Social Action, to better implement and monitor the social safety net system. ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS • Designed a public works program, including beneficiary eligibility criteria, institutional and administrative arrangements, etc. • Designed a cash transfer program, including computer-assisted monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system, payment systems and geographical targeting schemes. • Developed a comprehensive national social protection strategy (NSPS), addressing efficiency, and financial sustainability concerns - Government of Togo elaborated and validated its first national social protection policy • Informed IDA-financed cash transfer and public works projects, and Poverty Reduction Strategy of 2012–2016 • Associated IDA Projects: Community Development Project Additional Financing (US$ 9 million) and Community Development and Safety Nets Project (US$ 14 million) Complimentary Financing: Japanese Social Development Fund (JSDF) grant of US$ 2.55 million - Creates 1,400,000 work days for 35,000 workers (40 days per worker), of which 40 percent are women - Protects about 62,000 poor children in 180 schools from hunger - Provides cash-transfers to over 11,000 poor households with young children who are malnourished or vulnerable to malnutrition 1 World Bank (2012). Togo Community Development and Safety Nets Project Appraisal Document, Washington, DC. 42 Theme 2: Increased Learning and Knowledge Sharing for Social Protection Service Delivery RSR raises awareness on how to increase coverage of social protection in low income countries through South-South learning initiatives and the development of communities of practice. RSR also helps to create new diagnostic techniques that can benefit individual countries or have a global impact on social safety net systems and poor people’s access to basic services. Latin America and the Caribbean: A Toolkit for Nutrition South-South Learning: Experiences from Arusha, Addis Ababa, Bangalore and Hyderabad Social Protection and the Effects of Climate Change: Global Lessons PROGRESS REPORT 2013 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Increased learning and knowledge sharing for social protection service delivery A TOOLKIT FOR NUTRITION RSR supported the development of a toolkit that offers policy-mak- ers and program administrators in Latin America and the Caribbean cost-effective tools to help protect children and their mothers from malnutrition. CHALLENGE RSR Funding: US$ 256,000 Since 2008, countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have grappled with the global financial crisis and food price volatility. Coupled with the region’s propensity for natural disasters, the impacts on the nutritional status of the general population have been severe, and acutely so for poor women and children. An RSR-supported assessment of crisis-response policies and nutrition programs in LAC revealed that most tend to overlook the needs of mothers and young children. 45 Under-nutrition from pregnancy until age two—the first 1,000 days—lessens the survival rates of children and may cause lifelong physical and cognitive damages. Yet, the respective policies and programs in LAC are either poorly targeted or not prioritized, or the interventions used are not appropriate. This is evidenced by a sustained high prevalence of anemia and stunting in LAC’s poorest countries and in some of its middle income countries where the level of economic inequality is high. APPROACH The RSR-devised toolkit offers policy-makers and practitioners in LAC a framework for decision-making on how to safeguard the nutritional status of mothers and children, especially in times of crisis. The toolkit provides specific policy guidance on food security and promotion of healthy growth and motherhood, and suggests policy solutions for the prevention and treatment of micronutrient deficiencies and infectious diseases. It also advises on cross-cutting issues such as, targeting, multi-sectoral coordination, and monitoring and evaluation. Recommendations include mainstreaming nutrition in development programs, and scaling up and intensifying those programs in times of crisis. In addition, program administrators are encouraged to collaborate with colleagues across such sectors as, health, nutrition, agriculture, water and sanitation, and social protection. These RSR recommendations integrate best practices with local conditions on the ground, and readily link to disaster-related crises given the geographic inclination of the region. To share the experiences in LAC, the toolkit was officially launched at “Protecting and Promoting the Nutrition of Mothers and Children Second Regional Workshop, � a South-South learning event held in Panama City in December 2012. Here, high-level representatives and policy practitioners gathered with experts from international and non-governmental organizations. ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS • Finalized an inventory of international recommendations and best practices • Summarized best practices in case studies in collaboration with IADB, INCAP, PAHO, UNICEF and WFP and developed country-specific recommendations • Completed participatory assessments and an inventory of the nutritional crises and emergency responses in 12 LAC countries, including Bolivia, Colombia, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, St. Lucia and St. Vincent • Developed a web-based toolkit • Supported South-South learning, 30 representatives from 11 countries in the LAC region attended event as well as 15 representatives from international organizations 46 VOICES “This study allows the Red Cross to realize that the attention in the first 1,000 days is a weakness of the emergency response in the country. � Ing. Mirna Zelaya, Executive Secretary, Red Cross El Salvador PROGRESS REPORT 2013 SOUTH-SOUTH LEARNING Increased learning and knowledge sharing for social protection service delivery EXPERIENCES FROM ARUSHA, ADDIS ABABA, BANGALORE AND HYDERABAD Increasingly, governments have come to recognize social protection and labor system-building as a sound investment to reduce poverty and vulnerability, and they are now looking for guidance. One of the outcomes of this interest has been the exchange of expertise and resources between governments, organizations and individuals in developing nations. South-South learning is now gaining importance RSR Funding: and momentum in the development arena as one of the main drivers US$ 2,172,887 of solutions. RSR moved quickly to identify entry points and transform the expressed interest of policy-makers and practitioners into concrete actions; four large-scale South- South learning forums were held, covering social protection from a unique angle at each. “Making Public Works Work, � the first forum, responded to growing 47 demand among officials from low income countries and fragile states for greater understanding of how to design public works projects and implement them in a variety of circumstances, such as, sudden shocks, chronic poverty and the aftermath � brought forward, of violent conflict. The second, “Building Resilient Safety Nets, despite the appearance of running against conventional wisdom, the advantage of a systems approach in low-capacity settings. “Implementing Social Protection Programs: Better Processes, Better Technology, Better Results, � heralded modern technology as a means to streamlines services, create efficiencies and reach the most elusive poor. The latest forum, “The Role of Labor and Social Assistance � provided a timely discussion to the job crisis. Policies, In composite, these RSR-supported events covered basic blocks of a social protection and labor system and furthered general understanding. “Why safety nets?� and “Why South-South learning in the form of forums?� Safety nets and transfers have a proven record of positive immediate impact on the poorest and most vulnerable members of society, with resources put directly into the intended hands and access to education and health services made possible. And, yet, it would take a threefold crisis to dispel the notion of safety nets as a luxury. The advent of the Food, Fuel and Financial Crisis in 2008 made evident that having a strong safety net in place was a prerequisite to having an effective response. Safety net spending, for the first time, became viewed as “investment expenditure� capable of producing returns both in the short run and medium term. Clearly, interest has been spurred across low and middle income countries as well as fragile states in building resilient safety nets that can both respond to crises and reduce poverty and vulnerability. Governments in low income countries and fragile states have— One year later, parties of four from each of 54 countries flocked to for all their budget constraints—begun to identify fiscal space Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to learn of the emerging directions in safety in the meager budgets for safety net programs, and they are nets. A mix of practitioners, policy-makers and civil society staff looking for guidance. South-South learning, as compared to a hailed from widely different political economies, understanding stratified and increasingly complex architecture of international the need for social protection systems and looking for “know- aid, has proven to be an efficient driver of innovation. how� for best-fit development. “Sharing Experiences to Promote Resilient Safety Nets In Low Income Countries and Fragile Forums—among the seven basic instruments of SSL (forums and States� picked up where the first forum left off and prompted conferences, communities of practice, dialogues, study tours, innovation in forum format, the Global Café. expert visits, peer consultations and twinning arrangements), present the best opportunities for a large number of stakeholders The forum was structured around three themes: building to engage on a specific topic with a high level of interaction. foundations for social protection systems, addressing Their general schema is comprised of plenary sessions where financing, and promoting transparency and accountability. country delegations and experts discuss measures they have Plenary sessions, country case studies, panel discussions implemented (what worked and what did not), break-out/parallel and a field trip filled the agenda. The all-day field trip served to sessions and country case studies allowing for presentations illustrate the theoretical concepts discussed during the forum geared toward smaller groups with space to engage in dialogue, in a realistic setting, by visiting four sites where Productive global cafés which offer a more intimate and informal discussion Safety Net Program (PSNP) activities were being implemented, of strategies around a particular case study or issue, and field visits including: soil and water conservation, irrigation, rural road for participants see social protection and labor policies in action. construction, micro lending and water diversion sites. In tandem, the delegates had the opportunity to bring forth Arusha, Addis Ababa, Bangalore and Hyderabad contrasting views on the implementation of similar programs in their respective countries. Arusha, Tanzania was the site of the first RSR forum in June of 2010. “Making Public Works Work� was attended by 225 participants from low income countries and fragile states and a few middle income countries. It focused on showcasing “The presentations during the Global Café were very 48 first-hand country experiences in the implementation of public informative. They helped interact with people who are really works programs, and included a mix of plenary events, breakout involved in defining stragies and implementing the programs. � sessions and field trips (organized by Tanzania Social Action — Addis Ababa forum participant Fund) to ensure a solid conceptual understanding supported by “hands on� learning and information exchange. Practitioners from participating countries and institutions shared experiences To provoke conversations among small groups of country and of “what worked� and key constraints. donor practitioners, the Global Café sprouted. Sessions were anchored around a specific country case study, which was Prior to the forum, RSR supported a series of sessions using presented by a table host, drawing on prepared country profiles. the World Bank’s Global Development Learning Network (GDLN) system to help participants prepare for the forum. Trending from forums is the ever-important communities of The GDLN sessions linked countries from Africa and South practice (CoP). CoPs attract participants from a many disciplines Asia with public works programs that were either ongoing or and geographic areas to share and exchange knowledge on under design. Sessions were organized every three/four weeks a particular subject. They offer “seasoned� immediacy to an between December 2009 and April 2010 around key design ongoing dialogue through either formal channels with a detailed features, such as, defining clear objectives (selecting the right mission, structure and funding or informally through peer-to- targeting method, setting the wage rate, determining the right peer exchanges. As a collaborative space, the meetings occur labor intensity) and operational aspects, like, conducting a quick through online forums, videoconferencing, blogs and face-to- yet valid environment assessment and fiduciary aspects. Each face meetings session also produced a case study. By the end of the forum in Arusha, a new community of practice After the forum, the generated wealth of information was (CoP) had emerged, building on the experience from Latin captured and disseminated through a public works toolkit, American and Caribbean countries, where such an initiative was describing step-by-step how to design and implement public launched six years ago to foster continued interaction between works programs to the broadest possible audience, featuring safety net program practitioners. The new CoP for Africa, which the case studies presented at the forum. It also laid the later received support from RSR, has since flourished through groundwork for the formation of a Community of Practice (CoP) a series of regional videoconferences, which were followed that continues the process of sharing knowledge and expertise. by face-to-face meetings in Tanzania and United Kingdom. An progress REPORT 2013 online CoP is also under development to provide an additional � the latest “The Role of Labor and Social Assistance Policies, and continuous platform for interaction. forum which took place in Hyderabad, India, addressed the importance of well-functioning markets and social protection In the third year (2012), two forums broached completely systems for helping workers and their families withstand job different disciplines within social protection. In the first, losses and declines in incomes. “Implementing Social Protection Programs: Better Processes, Better Technology, Better Results, � RSR teamed up with the The event drew about 230 policy-makers, academics, bilateral International Institute for Information Technology in Bangalore, staff and implementing agencies’ staff, with almost two-thirds India to target developing countries across Asia and hold a from low income countries. They were able to share knowledge three-day learning forum around the steps of social protection and best practices, interact, network and discuss issues like program implementation. how to train and connect job seekers with employers, how to support self-employment and entrepreneurship, and how to link These governments are increasingly asking questions, like, jobs with social assistance programs. When do certain technologies make sense in terms of increased access for the poor as well as reduced costs to governments? How are enrollment and transaction processes designed to ensure minimum leakages and “We learned through discussions over coffee and over South exclusion errors? What is the value of upgrading the Indian delicacies, through ‘global cafes’ on topics where tables management information system (MIS)? What are the of 8 or 10 practitioners exchanged ideas, through bus trips possible gains from integrating delivery and monitoring to rural villages to see how programs succeed (or fail) on the systems of different programs from the point of view of ground, and through globally connected “Google hangout� both the beneficiaries and the government? sessions (where, for instance, social entrepreneurs in Nairobi The RSR-supported forum focused on identification of benefi- and Bangalore interacted with their peers and the audience ciaries, enrollment and eligibility determination, payments and in Hyderabad while fielding questions from Vietnam and transactions, and MIS and integration. Global overview presen- Cameroon). We saw an American entrepreneur based in Ban- tations on each theme were fleshed out with detailed country galore, who started a website for matching informal sector case studies by national practitioners, and the case studies were job-seekers with employers, being mobbed by policymakers framed in a way that the participants could easily see the costs from the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa trying to under- 49 and benefits of using different available solutions in their own stand what elements could be relevant for their countries… a countries. In parallel to the forum, a vendor expo offered hands- journey toward becoming a global community of policymak- on exposure and insights to the latest developments in IT deliv- ers and practitioners, which, as it deepens, can harness the ery systems in social protection programs across India and other granular knowledge present in each practitioner toward creat- parts of Asia, such as, biometric identification, electronic health ing tailored solutions for us all. platforms, smart cards and e-payments. Blog by Arup Banerji, 267 Journeys: The Wonders of The location, Bangalore, allowed the participants to learn South-South Exchange from the experience of India where some of the world’s most sophisticated software is built and pioneered. They visited  Bangalore One, a one-stop government e-platform The five-day agenda covered four themes: expanding where citizens can interact with multiple government opportunities for the self-employed; facilitating transitions into programs electronically, and the  Unique ID Authority of wage employment for disadvantaged workers; building resilience India Technology Center (UIDAI), which performs 100 trillion by managing risks in the labor market, with a cross-cutting agenda verifications every 24 hours to ensure that each of the day’s on technology; and, using technology to expand opportunities and 1 million new enrollees is distinct from the 200 million people overcome implementation challenges. The Center for Economic already identified. Eventually, the program will cover 1.2 billion and Social Studies prepared fieldtrips. people.1 For participants from solidly middle income countries Each morning, “review and preview� sessions were offered to (Malaysia) to fragile states (Timor Leste and Afghanistan), the reinforce knowledge and lessons, and eye-opening “technology� forum provided a unique opportunity for practitioners from virtually connected participants from different parts of the world social welfare ministries, health authorities, rural development and broadcast them through Facebook (facilitated by Jobs ministries and planning agencies to establish relationships and Knowledge Platform). to learn from others with similar implementation challenges, and bring ideas home. One of the emerging lessons from all fora was that no single program or segmented system is able to address the complex 1 Blog by Alan Gelb and Julia Clark (10/11/12). Technology in the Tropics: A Visit to Bangalore. and demanding problems of development. Working together in Center for Global Development. THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM cross-sectoral events helped policy-makers from different parts of practitioners. Its support of forums has created new and governments build mutual understanding and assemble the initial exciting communities of practice, ones that will better inform blocks of future integrated social protection and labor systems. the fast-evolving concepts of building social protection and labor systems suitable to individual country contexts. In a little over 1,000 days, RSR has been able to reach out to a large number of social protection policy-makers and Accomplishment and Results Making Public Works Work, Arusha, Tanzania, June 14–18, 2010 • Developed case studies during the GDLN sessions • Drafted and finalized toolkit • Established Communities of Practice in the Africa, East Asia Pacific and South Asia regions • Commissioned Public Works as a Safety Net: Design, Evidence and Implementation, a flagship publication drawing on rich evidence base including program documentation, policy papers, peer-reviewed publications and empirical data from over 40 countries • Financed structure of Forum, generating a platform from which to replicate and make improvements going forward Sharing Experiences to Promote Resilient Safety Nets In Low Income Countries and Fragile States, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, May 30–June 3, 2011 50 • Created “Global Café� • Established a new Community of Practice Implementing Social Protection Programs: Better Processes, Better Technology, Better Results,� Bangalore, India, September 4–6, 2012 • Established informal peer network, being used by participants • Produced DVD for participants, comprising background papers, conference presentations and session materials The Role of Labor and Social Assistance Policies, Hyderabad, India, October 30-November 3, 2012 • Compiled World Bank-ILO database of labor market and social protection policies implemented in response to global financial crisis, with a report describing collected information and results • Edited volume on the labor market impacts of the financial crisis • Established Data Warehouse on Labor Markets and a database with key labor indicators, including youth and an update of ongoing “JobsWatch� monitoring of recent employment and earnings trends in labor markets in several developing countries • Contributed to developing capacity in ministries, implementing agencies and institutions responsible for social protection and labor programs progress REPORT 2013 51 Making Public Works Work, Arusha, Tanzania, June 14–18, 2010 RSR Funding: US$ 513,134 Partners: Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) • 225+ participants from 44 countries • 9 plenary sessions with 13 parallel sessions • 34 country studies presented from 21 countries • Field Trips (organized by Tanzania Social Action Fund) • Multilingual: English, French, Spanish Sharing Experiences to Promote Resilient Safety Nets In Low Income Countries and Fragile States, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, May 30–une 3, 2011 RSR Funding: US$ 757 ,753 Partners: DFID, GTZ, ILO, UNICEF , WFP, International Policy Center for Inclusive Growth • 260 participants from 54 countries • 7 plenary sessions with 11 parallel sessions • 30 case studies presented from 24 countries • Field Trips • Multilingual: Arabic, English, French, Russian, Spanish Implementing Social Protection Programs: Better Processes, Better Technology, Better Results, Bangalore, India, September 4–6, 2012 RSR Funding: US$ 450,000 Partners: International Institute for Information Technology • 160+ participants from 19 countries • 8 plenary sessions • 17 country studies presented from 10 countries • 2 field trips • ICT Service Provider Vendor Expo THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM The Role of Labor and Social Assistance Policies, Hyderabad, India, October 30–November 3, 2012 Rapid Social Response Funding: US$ 450,000 Partners: Center for Economic and Social Studies (CESS), Government of Germany (GIZ), Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Government of South Korea (Korea Polytechnics), Jobs Knowledge Platform (JKP) • 230 participants from 66 countries • 3 plenary sessions with 12 parallel sessions • 30 country studies presented from 24 countries • Field Trips • Multilingual: English, French, Russian, Spanish Communities of Practice Africa Cash Transfers and Conditional Cash Transfers • Launched in December 2011 • 11 member countries: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia • 5 videoconferences: Targeting, Community Participation in Cash Transfers, Community- based Compliance and Monitoring, Payments, Governance • 2 face-to-face meetings: Tanzania and Kenya • Web-based communication platforms 52 PROGRESS REPORT 2013 SOCIAL PROTECTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE Increased learning and knowledge sharing for social protection service delivery GLOBAL LESSONS Climate change hits low-income countries the hardest. Social protec- tion systems can help to cushion against the negative impacts on the poor and vulnerable, and RSR has supported a “hands on� toolkit to show practitioners and policy-makers just how. CHALLENGE RSR Funding: Climate change and the natural disasters that follow deepen poverty. The increase US$ 375,000 in unpredictable and intense droughts, floods, heat waves and storms worsens the lives of people who live in fragile homes, have few assets and are subject to poor health and nutrition. Large numbers of people are pushed into transitory poverty when crises hit and the chronic poor—who usually have limited capacity for response and adaptation—sink deeper into poverty. As people and infrastructure become more and more vulnerable to disasters and climatic shocks, costs to 53 individuals and countries escalate. Today, only a handful of social protection systems are climate- and disaster- responsive. Yet, they have contributed significantly to helping vulnerable populations mitigate risks associated with disasters, as well as cope with and recover from them. In these cases, the design, scalability and cross-sectoral coordination of social protection programs led to more timely and effective responses, and proved to be sound economic investments. APPROACH An RSR-supported toolkit explores options for mainstreaming climate change adaptation and disaster response into social protection programs, along with operational guidance and tools, training and outreach—components that make the package easily accessible to users. In addition, the project compiled experiences from countries that have integrated disaster preparedness and climate change adaptation measures into social protection programs and shared those as lessons learned. The Temporary Employment Program in Mexico is an example of how a social protection program can systematically respond to low and high frequency climate and disaster shocks by providing temporary jobs that allow poor people to cope with crises and build resilience for the future, while also supporting early recovery and reconstruction efforts. Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Program responds on a national scale not only to chronic food insecurity but also to shorter-term shocks caused by natural hazards, mainly droughts. The program includes a number The toolkit will be disseminated through different fora focusing of innovative features, such as, the use of a combination on social protection, social development and disaster risk of direct cash transfers and cash/food payments for labor management, such as, the World Bank’s Social Safety Net on public works schemes, a sophisticated contingency Core Course, South-South learning exchanges, a forthcoming financing system and a pilot weather-based crop web platform supported by the World Bank, and other events insurance-for-work scheme for the poor. and training aimed at relevant professionals. Where countries are starting to grapple with the challenges of climate change, the RSR project has provided support. In ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS Mozambique, technical assistance was provided at the policy • Generated five case studies of best practice, detailing and program level. As a result, social protection became a key how social protection programs can and have responded pillar for climate change adaptation in the new, government- to disasters and climate change, highlighting challenges led Climate Change Strategy, and climate change and disaster and successful instruments and approaches concerns were incorporated into the new Productive Social • Provided technical assistance to two IDA countries, Protection Program. Mozambique and Tanzania, for incorporating climate change considerations at the policy and program level The operational guidance notes and toolkit, drawing on in emerging social protection systems the case studies and global research, include modules on designing scalable and flexible social protection programs • Developed an operational toolkit, offering guidance on that can increase coverage in response to climate disasters; how to prepare social protection programs to manage disasters and climate change developing climate-responsive targeting systems; adapting communications, payments and monitoring and evaluation • Created a learning and simulation game on the role of systems; and, developing institutional capacity and coordination. social protection for climate and disaster risk (see text box below) Placing Government Officials in the Shoes of Poor Farmers Subject to Climate Risk 54 In Tanzania, RSR contributed to making the IDA-supported Social Safety Net Project, implemented by Tanzania Action Fund, “climate-smart� by fostering dialogue with the government and development partners. The discussions covered technical options for mainstreaming climate change adaptation and disaster risk management into program design and developing the “Safety Nets and Climate Change Game. � The latter serves as a sensitization and awareness tool for communities and stakeholders at all levels and is designed for global use. The game allows the participants to experience the objectives of safety net programs first-hand and thereby gain emotionally- grounded insights on how a safety net can contribute to climate resilience and graduation out of poverty. It is a dynamic tool that captures decisions and their consequences, as mediated by external factors (e.g., heavy rains and occurrence of pest), while at the same time allowing the player to experience the actual objectives of a safety net, including smoothing of consumption during the lean season, the importance of investing in children’s education, income provision through labor as well as building of community assets. In the game, each participant represents a household within a village that may or may not have access to a safety net. As a result, players are able to contrast and compare, and see with their own eyes how access to a productive safety net program can positively influence choices and outcomes. A debriefing session follows the game to capture the main lessons learned and explores challenges to implementation. After successful piloting, the game is being prepared for roll-out nationwide in Tanzania. The goal is to help communities understand the benefits of a safety net program, and how it can help to build productive assets that increase their own resilience to climate events. A version of the game has been incorporated into the set of training tools that are regularly used by the World Bank Safety Nets team for training and learning purposes. It has so far been rolled out at the World Bank Social Safety Nets Core Courses in Washington DC and in Canberra, Australia, where it was extremely well received. Theme 3: Protecting Access to Basic Services to the Most Vulnerable in Times of Crisis As crises hit and threaten livelihoods and human capital, RSR’s emergency window for limited-scale delivery of SPL benefits and services can be opened to prevent irreversible harm to the most vulnerable populations. RSR projects help to provide nutrition benefits, particularly to young children and their mothers, waivers for school fees and health services, and the required administrative support for efficient service delivery. Haiti: Turning the Tide on Gender-Based Violence PROGRESS REPORT 2013 Haiti Protecting Access to Basic Services to the the Most Vulnerable in times of crisis Turning the Tide on Gender-based Violence As part of RSR’s crises window, RSR worked with two partner organi- zations in five camps for internally displaced persons to provide sup- port to survivors of sexual and gender-based violence and prevent further abuse. Using a vetted community-based approach, the activity improved access to and delivery of services to survivors, and enhanced and expanded the growing dialogue around violence against women Population, 10.12 million and gender equality in Haiti. total (2011) GNI per capita, 700 (2011) Atlas method CHALLENGE (current US$) Sexual and gender-based violence has been a persistent and disturbing problem in Haiti for many decades. A 2005 Demographic Health Survey found that 27 percent of women had experienced physical violence and 22 percent sexual violence at 57 RSR Funding: some point in their lifetime. US$ 580,591 In the devastating earthquake of 2010, more than a million people were forced to move into camps for internally displaced persons (IDP). In the overcrowded camps, without access to adequate food, health services, security or economic opportunity, women and children became even more vulnerable to violence and assault. Post-disaster reporting of rape increased almost three-fold, and anecdotal evidence indicated that survival (or transactional) sex was rampant among young women.1 Three years later, hundreds of thousands of people are still homeless and live in unsafe camps. Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) not only violates • Helped build the abilities and confidence of the more women’s human rights and affects victims’ physical and inexperienced outreach workers through mentorship emotional health, it also holds Haiti back in terms of and peer-support network development. SGBV hampers women’s productivity, reduces • Distributed rape test kits and health kits to more human capital and undermines economic growth. than 7 ,000 women, using innovative approaches and training on human rights APPROACH Building Technical Capacity of KOFAVIV A World Bank task team worked through a community-based • Improved project coordination, as evidenced by separate organization established by and for rape survivors in Port-au- units, for example, to cover outreach and coordination efforts with police, hospitals and the media Prince—KOFAVIV—and its sister organization—MADRE— an international organization focusing on women’s human Enhancing Women’s Civic Participation for Addressing GBV rights issues. The activity built on KOFAVIV’s well-established approach of empowering rape survivors to become community • Trained approximately 200-300 participants from Haitian civil society, government, police and international orga- outreach workers and peer counselors. Most of the men nizations on the issuance of medical certificates and and women who had been trained by KOFAVIV prior to the stigma faced by victims, resulting in: earthquake ended up in camps for IDP and were empowered to become advocates within their new camp community. - Stronger connection with and interaction among the police, ministries and legal system that led to With financial support from RSR and as part of RSR’s improved access to medical facilities and justice emergency window for limited-scale support to delivery of for survivors services, the World Bank task team, MADRE and KOFAVIV - Leaders of KOFAVIV now often called upon by the designed and implemented a project to strengthen KOFAVIV’s media to give their expertise on SGBV, women’s capacity in outreach, advocacy and policy dialogue. It had rights and the power of grassroots movements three components: • Transformed KOFAVIV from operating in crisis mode • An outreach component promoted awareness and to becoming the lead convener for efforts to address 58 SGBV in Haiti prevention of sexual and gender-based violence. This included distribution of sexual offense forensic evidence kits (commonly known as “rape test kits�) and other basic health and sanitation goods, along VOICES with media campaigns for behavioral change targeting communities in Port-au-Prince. from KOFAVIV outreach workers in camps for internally • Technical assistance strengthened the institutional displaced persons capacity of KOFAVIV to provide outreach services and improve project coordination, financial management, “Women have started to know their rights; they don’t let and monitoring and evaluation (led by MADRE). the men take them for children... Violence has gone down • The project enhanced women’s civic participation and so much that even young men have become scared of girls contributed to law legal reforms by building coalitions . because they know what will happen to them if they do bad� and networks with the government, international institutions, the media and NGOs working for women’s “ Not only men are not committing sexual violence, but rights in Haiti. physical violence has gone down too, verbal violence is going down, they can’t say whatever they want to women� ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND RESULTS “The impact of the project is that men who didn’t use to Promoting Awareness and Prevention of SGBV participate are now helping us break down sexual violence • A qualitative survey after the project indicated high against young girls... It is thanks to KOFAVIV these women levels of community knowledge on SGBV (who experienced violence) have strength� • Trained over 300 community outreach workers, with majority reported feeling more confident, strong and better supported to fulfill their role of preventing and 1 Center for Human Rights and Global Justice at the New York University School of responding to SGBV Law (2011). Sexual Violence in Haiti’s IDP Camps: Results of a Household Survey. http://www.chrgj.org/press/docs/Haiti%20Sexual%20Violence%20March%202011.pdf Project Portfolio: 80 Activities in 40 Countries THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM THEME FUNDING START CLOSING AMOUNT DATE DATE (US$) AFRICA Building Burkina Faso—Strengthening Safety Net Response to Crises 500,000 Apr-10 Jun-15 SOCIAL supports the design and implementation of a cash-transfer program and a feasibility study for a public works programs to support poor PROTECTION and vulnerable people. Systems Cameroon—Strengthening Safety Net Response to Crises 550,000 Apr-10 May-13 supported a thorough inventory and analysis of viable social safety net programs in Cameroon and provided technical assistance for the design of a social protection system which will be scaled up under the new IDA Project and could address the needs of the poor and vulnerable. Cash Transfers—Design for Scaling Up in Sub-Saharan 391,874 Feb-10 May-12 Africa supported the development of cash transfer programs in Angola, Benin, Lesotho, Mali, Tanzania, and Zambia. The technical assistance reviewed their nascent safety net programs to ensure that the schemes are effective, affordable and anchored in policy frameworks for better coordination, continuity and wider reach. Cote d’ Ivoire—Assessing the Impact of Crises on Human 300,000 Dec-11 Dec-13 Capital and Laying the Foundations for an Effective Social Safety Net System jump-starts the delivery of basic social services and meet the immediate needs of poor and vulnerable groups. Democratic Republic of Congo—Building Capacity of the 159,370 Feb-11 Jun-12 Ministry of Social Affairs to Provide Services for Vulnerable Groups aimed to improve the government’s ability to protect and serve vulnerable groups during the current crisis and to better prepared for future shocks. The pilot project was cancelled due to the poor quality of the survey to identify beneficiaries, prepared under the associated IDA-financed Street Children Project. Ghana—Cash-Transfers Designed and Brought to Scale financed 181,322 Apr-10 Jun-12 60 the development of a common targeting mechanism which allowed for a robust process of identifying the very poorest households and making the data available for use by a range of social protection and poverty reduction programs. This helped enhance efficiency in coordination and sustainability of targeting social protection programs to the very poorest households in Ghana while maximizing impact. Guinea—Strengthening Social Safety Nets in Times of Crises 400,000 Jul-11 Dec-13 assists the government in laying the foundations of a safety net system that is anchored within a social protection strategy and capable of effectively responding to crises and increasing people’s resilience. Kenya—Support for Social Protection supported the government 2,427,966 Apr-10 Sep-13 of Kenya in their effort to bring about a systemic change of the social protection system, and deliver more tangible and sustainable results for vulnerable people. Lesotho—Social Safety Net Review supported the improvement 140,700 Nov-11 May-13 of the existing safety net system to better protect the poor and vulnerable under crisis. The study analyzed the efficiency of current social safety net programs in reaching the most vulnerable population; and developped policy reform options and provided guidance on how to improve the efficiency of the social safety net system to reach the most vulnerable population. Liberia—Development of a Crisis Response Social Protection 288,275 Oct-10 Mar-12 Strategy and Capacity funded a Social Protection Diagnostic Report. The report was a critical first step in the development of a coordinated and comprehensive social protection strategy, which forms an integrated part of the human development pillar of the country’s poverty reduction strategy. Liberia—Improving Employment of Vulnerable Youth provided 240,000 Nov-11 Jun-13 analyses and advice to the government on how to prioritize and sequence employment programs targeting vulnerable youth, while taking market forces into account. progress REPORT 2013 THEME FUNDING START CLOSING AMOUNT DATE DATE (US$) Mozambique—Developing the Building Blocks for Effective 2,155,000 Nov-10 Dec-12 Crisis Response supported the development of labor-intensive public works in 10 arid and semi-arid rural and two urban areas to address the country-specific dynamics of poverty and improve food insecurity. RSR helped to set the direction of the new national public works program by developing and testing criteria for selecting beneficiaries, determining the level of transfers and ascertaining the types of eligible public works. Nigeria—Strengthening Social Safety Net assisted the govern- 399,686 Jul-11 Dec-12 ment in improving in the design of different components of the government’s financed Social Safety Net Programs and policies, in- cluding youth employment, public works and cash transfer safety net interventions. The findings informed the preparation of the US$300 million Youth Employment & Social Support Operation IDA project. Rwanda—Technical Assistance for Stronger Social Safety Nets 2,191,995 Apr-10 Dec-13 helped to identify and resolve some of the key implementation challenges of the national social protection strategy and laid the groundwork for expansion of Rwanda’s largest safety net program. The technical assistance funded by RSR paved the way for two programmatic operations. Senegal—Developing a Unified and Effective Safety Net 291,306 Apr-10 Jun-14 supports development of a comprehensive social protection system and explores the feasibility of interventions to build the resilience of households to shocks and crises. One aim is recommending policies and platforms to address the main risks and vulnerabilities, in light of the country’s economic and poverty strategies. Sierra Leone—Social Safety Net Support supported the 300,000 Jul-11 Jun-13 preparation of a Social Protection Assessment reviewing the major social safety net interventions and making recommendations to strengthen the social safety net system. Africa—Social Protection Design and Implementation helped 95,827 Apr-10 Apr-12 61 design of cash-transfer programs targeting the chronic poor that can be scaled up to include transitory poor and food-insecure households after a shock. RSR financed in-depth country study on the efficiency and effectiveness of current targeting mechanisms in Mozambique and Malawi and proposed alternatives for improved targeting. The results were disseminated at a workshop attended by representatives of key technical ministries and executing agencies from 17 African countries. Tanzania—Enhancing Crisis Response for the Most Vulnerable 626,136 Jul-11 Sep-12 Children and Elderly Poor attempted to improve household practices and engender sustainability of livelihoods of the current Community-Based Conditional Cash Transfer beneficiaries. The suppliers of most of the goods that the implementing agency contracted failed to deliver the goods by the set deadlines and that portion of the grant was subsequently cancelled. Togo—Promoting Innovative Crisis-Response Social Protection 283,806 Nov-10 Sep-12 supported the preparation of the national social protection system capable of supporting vulnerable households during and after systemic and recurrent crises. The project financed a rigorous impact evaluation of the new public works project and provided technical assistance to the Government in implementing and monitoring the national social protection strategy. Togo—Social Safety Net Development supports the Government 220,000 Nov-11 Dec-13 in developing the building blocks of an efficient and integrated social safety net system. Youth Employment in Africa—The Skill Development-Labor 93,719 Mar-10 Apr-12 Demand Conundrum built evidence for identifying programs that improve employability and earnings among youth and reduce their vulnerability and risky behavior—knowledge that can improve design of labor-market intervention. Zimbabwe—Public Works Program helped the Ministry of Labor 1,085,000 Mar-11 Feb-13 and Social Services to pilot a labor intensive public works program, providing temporary employment opportunities to about 5,000 unemployed people in Zimbabwe, while at the same time building community productive assets which will enhance community livelihood. THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM THEME FUNDING START CLOSING AMOUNT DATE DATE (US$) SHARING Cash Transfers and Conditional Cash Transfers in Sub-Saharan 450,000 Jun-11 Jun-13 knowledge Africa—A Community of Practitioners (CoP) brought together people concerned with cash and conditional cash transfers to participate in the virtual meetings and face-to-face events. The CoP initially included program managers and officials of 5 countries: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and Tanzania. Program managers from Lesotho, Malawi, Uganda, São Tomé e Príncipe, South Sudan, and Zambia as the CoP gained momentum. Liberia and Togo—Experience of Cash-for-Work drew on the 88,699 Apr-10 Feb-12 experience of the Liberia Cash for Work Project in assisting the Togo Government in identifying key issues and success factors for a new public works intervention. Eastern and Southern Africa—Informal Safety Nets supported 118,116 Feb-10 Apr-12 the preparation of three case studies, on Côte d’Ivoire, Rwanda and Zimbabwe, to elucidate the interplay among formal and informal safety nets to inform the design of programs in post-conflict and fragile settings. CRISIS Benin and Malawi—Enhancing Institutional Capacity to Design, 385,000 Jul-11 Jun-13 RESPONSE Implement, and Monitor Nutrition Security Programs enhances countries’ ability to respond to and mitigate the nutritional impact of unpredictable economic and climate-related shocks. Ethiopia—Strengthening the Early Warning System helped 1,021,496 Jul-11 Dec-13 develop an early warning system to detect malnutrition in the wake of seasonal shocks. The project helped the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute too establish a central database to monitor and supervise the regular information flow from the districts to the regions, and enabled a triangulation of food security data for increased validity and for agreement on thresholds for response. Gambia—Rapid Response Nutrition Security Improvement 3,155,000 Mar-10 Apr-13 Project supports the National Nutrition Agency to promote healthy behaviors for maternal nutrition and child growth and improve 62 access to selected therapeutic and preventive public health nutrition services to vulnerable populations, in particular children under five and pregnant and lactating women in poor rural areas. Lesotho—Estimating the Impact of Economic Crises on 230,000 Apr-10 Dec-12 Education and Skills Development seeks to better understand the role of training, education, and skills in mitigating labor market vulnerability in Lesotho during an economic downturn. The project collected and analyzed latest data to assist the government in better targeting its education and labor market policies towards helping youth and vulnerable groups during a time of economic crisis. Madagascar—Assessing Negative Effects of the Political Crisis 397,900 Jun-11 Sep-12 on Health and Nutrition Services supported the development of strategies to preserve essential health and nutrition services that protect the health of the population in the short- and medium-term. Madagascar—Development of Tools to Monitor and Mitigate 450,000 Nov-11 Mar-13 the Effect of Crises on Out-of-School Children supported the development of appropriate mechanisms to mitigate the effects of economic and political crises on vulnerable children. Malawi—Protecting Early Childhood Development supported 2,189,471 Mar-11 Nov-12 the government in the design, implementation, and evaluation of strategies to increase access to, and the quality of, 9,000 community-based child care centers across the country. Mali—Piloting Effective Early Childhood Development Services 2,214,200 Oct-10 Dec-13 assists in the government’s response to crises by developing cost-effective early childhood development services for vulnerable children in rural areas. Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo—Operations 50,617 Feb-10 Apr-12 and Capacity Development for Nutrition strengthened the awareness on the need to improve the capacity to implement nutrition interventions at scale. progress REPORT 2013 THEME FUNDING START CLOSING AMOUNT DATE DATE (US$) Eastern Europe and Central Asia Building Albania—A Functional Review of the Administrative Processes 49,846 Dec-09 Dec-12 SOCIAL of Ndihma Ekonomike delineated the program’s administrative architecture and mechanics by assessing operational aspects, PROTECTION including diagnostics on information and financial flows, functional Systems responsibilities, and institutional capacity. Kyrgyzstan—Rapid Assistance to Improve Social Safety Nets in 59,660 Mar-10 Feb-12 the Face of Energy Tariff Reforms adviced the Agency for Social Protection on amending eligibility rules of the Unified Monthly benefit (a targeted cash assistance) and improving its oversight mechanisms so that households that are eligible under the energy tariff reforms can get easy access to the program. Kyrgyzstan—Enhancement of Targeted Social Assistance 260,000 Jul-11 Jan-13 aims to strengthen the safety net system to improve its targeting acuracy and coverage, protect the poor effiently from crises and shocks; and is implemented in an efficient and transparent manner. Tajikistan—Targeting and Enhancing Social Assistance to the 2,724,998 Feb-11 Nov-12 Poor supports the development of the first building blocks of a system to deliver aid to the poorest households in Tajikistan, so that the government and donors will have an effective and efficient way to intervene in ordinary times and during crises. CRISIS Tajikistan—Protecting and Promoting Access to Maternal and 400,000 Nov-11 Apr-13 RESPONSE Neonatal Health Services assesses the feasibility of conditional cash or in-kind transfer programs, or a combination, to protect access for the poor to basic maternal and child health services in parts of Soghd Oblast. East ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Building Mongolia—Monitoring and Evaluation for Social Welfare 67,787 Feb-10 Feb-12 SOCIAL Programs provided technical assistance to the Ministry of Social Welfare and Labor in enacting revised parameters, including a 63 PROTECTION new process of modeling baseline projections and alternatives to Systems the current social security scheme; developing a savings program for the herders and the informal sector; potentially expanding and restructuring old-age income assistance; and establishing a social security reserve fund. Papua New Guinea—Ensuring Effective Monitoring and 300,000 Jan-11 Jun-13 Evaluation and Social Accountability for the Urban Youth Employment Project provides capacity-building and oversight so training and public works are targeted to poor applicants and monitored and evaluated rigorously and that social accountability mechanisms are effective. Timor-Leste—Innovation in Developing Effectiveness of 2,220,000 Mar-11 Oct-14 Safety Nets supports the Ministry of Social Solidarity in building a standardized information management system that integrates beneficiary information across different database systems and identifies beneficiaries uniquely and strengthening the government’s capacity to improve the delivery of cash transfer programs. Timor Leste—Strengthening Social Safety Nets Institutions 87,811 Jan-10 Apr-12 strengthened the delivery of social assistance, focused on a diagnosis of existing payments systems and policy options for feasible alternative systems; a program to strengthen the MIS in the Ministry of Social Solidarity to facilitate monitoring and evaluation and to enhance oversight of the social protection system; and a review of related institutional issues. SHARING Implementing Social Protection Programs—Asia Learning 450,000 Dec-11 May-13 knowledge Forum focused on the implementation of social protection programs, aiming to enhance low-income countries’ capacity to support the poor and respond to shocks. THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM THEME FUNDING START CLOSING AMOUNT DATE DATE (US$) LATIN AMeRICA AND Carribean Building Honduras—Strengthening Social Protection provided technical 72,566 Jan-10 Jun-12 SOCIAL assistance to the development of a targeting mechanism for subsidies, a Unique Registry of Beneficiaries and a review of PROTECTION existing social protection programs to see how these can be Systems rationalized and free up resources for the conditional cash transfer program under Bono 10,000. Nicaragua—Expansion of the Family and Community Based 2,750,000 Dec-11 Apr-13 Social Welfare Model with Cash Transfers aims to improve the well-being of extremely poor families with children by supporting expansion of a model program for family and community-based social welfare and cash transfers; and to strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of the Family, Youth, and Children to implement the model. Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)—Enhanced 500,000 Dec-11 Jun-13 Crisis Resilience Project aims to strengthen the secretariat’s capacity to support and guide national crisis responses on social protection by promoting evidence-based policy making. SHARING Listening to LAC—Mobile Phones as Instruments for Rigorous 239,106 Apr-10 Jun-12 knowledge Surveys tested use of a low-cost, quick method of gathering data in Latin America and the Caribbean to give timely information on poor and vulnerable populations. Near-real-time data would be valuable at any time but especially during a shock or crisis or its immediate aftermath, enabling faster diagnoses of poverty and vulnerability and raising warnings for policymakers and donor institutions so they can respond more effectively. Nicaragua—Crisis Module for the Nicaraguan Labor Force 0 — — Survey was expected to add a crisis module to the permanent labor force survey to provide frequent indicators of shocks to households. The activity could not be initiated because of delays in obtaining the household data. 64 CRISIS Gender-Based Violence in Post-Earthquake Haiti worked with 580,951 Sep-11 Sep-12 RESPONSE two partner organizations in five camps for internally displaced persons to provide support to survivors of sexual and gender-based violence and prevent further abuse. Haiti—Household Development Agent Pilot aims to improve 3,377,484 Apr-10 Dec-14 family health and nutrition practices and strengthen capacity to deliver social services directly to families in the pilot area. The pilot will provide nutrition and health-related education to beneficiary families and improve their awareness of available social programs and services; provide basic commodities and select services directly to the families; and strengthen management and monitoring of families’ access to social services. Haiti—Nutrition Security and Social Safety Nets improved the 90,345 Nov-10 Jun-12 capacity and effectiveness of nutrition-related safety net programs and addresses acute and chronic malnutrition. Honduras—Improving Nutritional Monitoring and Targeted 1,200,000 Dec-11 Jun-13 Response to the Global Crisis enabled the government to timely detect crises-affected locations, target those most in need, as well as ensuring nutrition monitoring in areas with high incidence of malnutrition. Honduras, Nicaragua, and Haiti—Education Sector Rapid 379,000 Nov-11 Mar-13 Response and Protection of Youth Vulnerable to Violence and Conflict helps countries experiencing a violence and crime crisis to turn knowledge on youth and organized violence into data for policy setting, planning, and program design to provide timely protection for youth. Improving Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) Countries 256,000 Jul-11 Feb-13 Responses to Protect the Nutritional Status of the Poorest and Most Vulnerable in Times of Crises and Emergencies supported the development of a toolkit that offers policymakers and program administrators in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) cost- effective tools that can protect children and their mothers from malnutrition. progress REPORT 2013 THEME FUNDING START CLOSING AMOUNT DATE DATE (US$) middle east and north africa Building Djibouti—Employment for the Poor Project supported the scale- 173,593 Jan-10 Apr-12 SOCIAL up and improved the design and effectiveness of the Djibouti Social Development Agency workfare program which combine nutrition PROTECTION interventions and employment to feed into the overall health and Systems welfare of the country. SHARING Lessons from Successful Education Administration under 398,720 Nov-10 Nov-12 knowledge Difficult Circumstances captured lessons from the success of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees, which provides education to Palestinian students in the Middle East. A common data tool has been developed, and the lessons will be disseminated to benefit schools for the displaced and refugees across the globe. CRISIS Yemen—Targeted Delivery of Early Childhood Nutrition 215,000 Oct-10 Dec-12 RESPONSE Interventions. Though the pilot project was cancelled due to prevailing security concerns in Yemen, the grant supported a short household survey to monitor the economic and social impact of instability, including food security; further design work on a conditional cash-transfer program reflecting lessons from the ongoing program and the current situation; and technical assistance for design of an impact evaluation for the pilot and plans to scale up. South Asia Building Afghanistan—Results-Oriented Approach in the Pro-Poor 200,000 Nov-11 Jun-14 SOCIAL Program Design and Implementation aims to strengthen the institutional capacity to monitor and evaluate government programs PROTECTION and of mechanisms to deliver benefits, to improve poverty-oriented Systems interventions. Recipient-executed components were dropped due to legal obstacles on the client side. The grant focuses on improving the sustainability of the social protection programs’ solutions and synergies with other initiatives in the country, and tracking, documenting and disseminating the results of the Afghanistan 65 Pensions and Safety Nets pilot project. Bangladesh—Improving the Payment and Monitoring System 1,098,465 Jun-11 Dec-13 for the Employment Generation Program for the Poorest aims to make the beneficiary payment and record keeping mechanisms for the Employment Generation Program for the Poorest more efficient. Bangladesh—Piloting Conditional Cash Transfers for Human 2,987,400 Sep-10 Dec-13 Development through Local Governments is piloting new and smart ways of delivering social safety nets, placing stepping stones for thousands of young people to a more prosperous life and helping their parents safeguard against shocks. India—Broadening the Urban Safety Net Dialogue provided 99,048 Mar-10 Feb-12 support to stream-lining and improving the effectiveness of urban safety nets in New Delhi. Support has focused on the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi and its Mission Convergence initiative. Maldives—Building a Common Platform for Identification of 194,310 Jan-10 Aug-12 the Poor assisted the government in designing and implementing a common platform for identification of the poor. Through a very collaborative engagement with the Government, the activity supported the design of the targeting methodology and systems to be used under the additional financing approved for the Maldives Pensions and Social Protection Project. Nepal—Strengthening Safety Nets in Nepal: Piloting Targeted 2,227,650 Dec-10 Jun-14 Conditional Cash Transfers aims to improve the delivery of conditional cash transfers in pilot districts through technical assistance and capacity building to the Ministry of Local Development. Pakistan—Financial Inclusion and Literacy Outcomes of Cash 810,000 May-11 May-13 Transfers through the Banking System supported an assessment that has helped the government better understand how the cash transfer programs work for the beneficiaries, how these beneficiaries manage cash grants and their perceptions around payment systems and banking. The results are being used by implementing agencies and participating financial institutions in their planning and ensuring efficient and effective delivery of the cash grants through technology-based payments. THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM THEME FUNDING START CLOSING AMOUNT DATE DATE (US$) Sri Lanka—Skills Development for Unemployed Youth examined 238,800 Jun-11 Sep-12 the impact of the economic crisis on vulnerable groups in the formal and informal labor markets. The Grant provided the government with analysis of critical policy issues on skills development, including policies targeted towards helping vulnerable groups, and engaged policymakers in an informed dialogue on options for skills development strategies that lead to employment creation and economic growth. Sri Lanka—Strengthening Targeting, Monitoring, and 200,000 Jun-10 Jun-13 Evaluation of Safety Nets finances the scaling up and evaluation of an improved targeting and MIS system that is being developed for the Samurdhi safety net program. The goal is to improve the overall institutional capacity of Samurdhi to improve identification of beneficiaries and monitor and evaluate the program’s performance. CRISIS India—Critical Analysis of the Institutional Arrangements for 99,640 Feb-10 May-12 RESPONSE Improving Nutrition Outcomes analyzed existing institutional arrangements for organizing, coordinating, and delivering nutrition services in India and provided recommendations for strengthening them. Maldives—Technical Assistance to the National Social 60,000 May-11 Jun-13 Protection Agency on the National Health Insurance Scheme aims to strengthen the capacity of National Social Protection Agency to improve the design of the Madhana, the country’s nascent social health insurance system and to build a robust monitoring and evaluation system that enhances the system’s efficiency and effectiveness. Pakistan—Health Shocks to the Poor aims to increase the 400,000 Jan-12 Mar-13 resilience of the population against health shocks caused by natural disasters. The work supported the design of two pilots for the poor districts in the flood prone area of Punjab and the findings are to options to improve the service delivery and response mechanisms 66 for disasters revealed important facts regarding the government response to the floods as well as a relook into the state of service delivery in the flood affetced areas. GLOBAL SHARING Public Works Learning Forum—Social Protection South- 515,134 Feb-10 Dec-11 knowledge South Learning Forum 2010, organized and held in June 2010, in Arusha, Tanzania, provided opportunities to the more than 220 delegates from 40 low- and middle-income countries to exchange knowledge and take part in cross-country learning on the design and implementation of public works programs as safety net interventions. South-South Learning Forum—Building Resilient Safety Nets in 757,753 Nov-10 Nov-12 Low Income Countries and Fragile States focused specifically on promoting resilient safety nets, following the recent wave of food, fuel, and financial crises and natural disasters. The event, completed in June 2011, helped to shape social protection & learning sector approach to South-South exchange, as a continuously evolving learning and training tool. South-South Learning Forum—Labor Market Policy Response 450,000 Nov-11 Jan-13 to the Global Jobs Crisis focused on labor and social protection policies during the recent economic crisis and recovery to bolster effective policymaking on labor markets and social protection in response to economic crises. Resilience in the Face of Crisis—Multi-Sector Actions to Achieve 250,000 Jan-11 Jun-13 Nutrition Results supported the development, production, and dissemination of tools and materials to guide policymakers and implementers of programs on nutrition around the world on how to address undernutrition from a multi-sector perspective to achieve more sustainable and rapid improvements in maternal and child undernutrition. Development of a Global Action Plan for Scaling-up Nutrition 39,690 Feb-10 Dec-10 sought to influence political leaders at global and country levels and to contribute towards a common agenda and platform for action among those engaged in scaling-up nutrition investments. progress REPORT 2013 THEME FUNDING START CLOSING AMOUNT DATE DATE (US$) Food Crisis Monitoring System aims to develop a simple 74,339 Nov-11 Nov-12 framework that defines, identifies, and monitors food security crises at the national level caused by shocks and factors that are not attributed to a given country. The framework will categorize each IDA country’s exposure to shocks and its capacity to react. Monitoring the Health Outcomes and Financial Vulnerability 160,535 Apr-10 Sep-11 of the Poorest sought to enhance access to health services and reduce financial vulnerability to health shocks by training policymakers and researchers in analysis of financial protection and equity, using ADePT Health software, and by producing country- specific reports on financial protection, vulnerability, and equity in the health sector. Policy Levers to Protect Health and Enhance Financial Protection 450,000 Aug-11 Jun-13 aims to protect access to health services and reduce household financial vulnerability in times of crisis by improving the capacity of governments, the World Bank, and the international community to monitor the health outcomes of the poor and their vulnerability to health shocks, and also to design health systems and policies more effectively to provide protection during future crises. Preparing Social Protection Systems for Natural Disasters 375,000 Jul-11 Jun-13 and Climate Change aims to enhance the capacity of officials and practitioners in client countries and World Bank task teams to improve safety net programs so they respond more effectively to natural disasters and the impact of climate change. The activity seeks to improve design and implementation of safety nets systems for better ex-ante risk reduction and ex-post responses to natural disasters and climate-related shocks. Development of the ADePT Crisis Module supports the 249,263 Mar-11 Sep-12 application of the ADePT software platform to crisis diagnostics and the design of policies for crisis prevention. Impact of Financial Crises on Children and Youth—Protecting 241,127 Dec-10 Jun-12 67 Human Capital of Future Generations shed light on the effect of systemic shocks on the acquisition and use of human capital among children and youth and identifies evidence-based crisis responses to protect their well-being during systemic shocks. The Health Sector and the Poor in a Financial Crises—Identifying 450,000 Nov-11 Jun-13 and Managing Risks ensures that important operational lessons are captured and shared with the global health community through two reports as well as established and innovative World Bank Institute capacity-building and knowledge-sharing instruments. Development of a Management Information System for Social 350,000 Nov-11 Aug-13 Protection aims to develop a high-quality, reliable client registry system to allow for the timely design and delivery of systems of social protection. The MIS also will allow the World Bank and its clients to deploy systems of social protection that could be scaled and adapted to changing conditions or crises. 53,903,501 THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM Associated IDA Projects Country Grant Name RSR IDA Project Project Name Status IDA Project Objective Amount Amount ID of IDA US$ Project Africa Region Angola, Benin, Scaling up Cash 0.40 46 P117764 Benin— Approved Improve access to decentralized basic social Lesotho, Mali, Transfers in Decentralized services and to mainstream the community- Tanzania, Sub-Saharan Community driven development approach for such Zambia Africa Driven services. Services 70 P127328 Mali— Approved Establish sustainable social safety net Emergency system and scale up programs that Safety Nets increase income and consumption of poor Project and vulnerable households through cash transfers and short term employment 150 P133575 Zambia Pipeline TBD Productive FY14 Safety Nets Cote d’Ivoire Assessing the 0.30 50 P143332 Productive Pipeline Set the foundations of an effective and Impact of Crisis Social Safety FY14 productive type of safety net system on Human Net capable of responding to the country’s Development needs both in normal times and during times of crisis Burkina Faso Strengthening 0.50 30 P124015 Burkina Faso Pipeline Provide income support to poor and Safety Net Social safety FY14 vulnerable groups and to lay the foundations Response to Net Project for a basic safety net system Crises Cameroon Strengthening 0.55 50 P128534 Cameroon Approved Support the establishment of a basic Safety Net Social Safety national safety net system including Response to Nets piloting targeted cash transfers and public Crises works programs for the poorest and most 68 vulnerable people Ethiopia Strengthening 1.00 30 P106228 Ethiopia Approved Improve child and maternal care behavior the Nutrition Nutrition and increase utilization of key micronutrients Information and in order to contribute to nutritional status of Early Warning vulnerable groups System in Ethiopia Ghana Cash Transfers: 0.18 89 P115247 Social Approved Improve targeting in social protection Support to Opportunities spending, increase access to conditional a Common Project cash transfers nationwide, increase Targeting access to employment and cash-earning System opportunities for the rural poor during the agricultural off-season, and improve economic and social infrastructure in target districts Gambia, The The Gambia 3.16 3 P143650 Maternal and Pipeline Increase the coverage of community-based Rapid Child Nutrition FY14 nutrition and primary health care services Response and Health Nutrition Results Project Security Improvement Project Guinea Social Safety 0.40 25 P123900 Productive Approved Provide income support to vulnerable groups Nets in Times Social Safety and to lay the foundations of a social safety of Crisis Net Project net strategy by testing some of the building blocks necessary for a larger system Kenya Social 0.15 250 P131305 National Pipeline Establish an effective national safety net for Protection Integrated FY14 poor and vulnerable households Interventions Safety Net Program (P4R) Support to the 1.29 50 P111545 Kenya Cash Approved Increase social safety net access for Government of Transfer for extremely poor Orphans and Vulnerable Kenya for Social Orphans and Children (OVC) households, through an Protection Vulnerable effective and efficient expansion of the CT- Programming Children OVC Program progress REPORT 2013 Country Grant Name RSR IDA Project Project Name Status IDA Project Objective Amount Amount ID of IDA US$ Project Kenya Support to 0.98 60 P111546 Youth Approved Support the Government of Kenya’s efforts to the Internship Empowerment increase access to youth-targeted temporary Program of the Project employment programs and to improve youth Kenya Private employability Sector Alliance Liberia Vulnerable 0.24 16 P121686 Youth, Approved Expand access of poor and young Liberians Youth: Employment, to temporary employment programs and to Enhancing Skills Project improve youth employability Economic and Social Resilience Development 0.29 10 P127317 Poverty Pipeline Support the broadening of reforms to of a Crisis Reduction FY13 include economic transformation and Response Strategy human development in the context of the Social Credit I implementation of the Government’s second Protection Poverty Reduction Strategy Strategy and Capacity Madagascar Impacts of 0.40 65 P131945 Emergency Approved Preserve critical education, health and the Crisis Support nutrition service delivery in targeted on Health, to Critical vulnerable areas Nutrition, and Education, Population Health and Nutrition Development 0.45 Services of Tools to Project Monitor and Mitigate the Effect of Crises on Out-of- School Children Mozambique Piloting a Public 2.16 50 P129524 Social Safety Approved Provide temporary income support to Works Program Net project extremely poor households and to put in 69 in Mozambique place the building blocks of a social safety net system Nigeria Strengthening 0.40 300 P126964 Youth Approved Increase access of the poor to youth Social Safety Employment & employment opportunities, social services, Net Social Support and strengthened safety net systems in Operation participating states Rwanda Support for 0.07 40 P126877 Support Approved Support the Government’s efforts to Strengthening to Social consolidate, enhance efficiency and Rwandan Social Protection effectiveness, and expand coverage of its Safety Nets System social protection system Technical 2.12 6 P122157 Third Approved Support the government’s social protection Assistance Community and health reforms designed to reduce and Capacity Living extreme poverty Building to the Standards Vision 2020 Grant Umurenge Program (VUP) 50 P131666 Rwanda Approved Support the Government’s efforts to Second consolidate, enhance efficiency and Support effectiveness, and expand coverage of its to Social social protection system Protection System Senegal Cash Transfers 0.29 50 P133597 Senegal Safety Pipeline Assist the Government develop building and Targeting in Net operation FY14 blocks of an efficient safety net system Senegal Sierra Leone Safety Net 0.30 40 P143588 Sierra Leone Pipeline Create a comprehensive, efficient, well Support Safety Nets FY14 targeted productive safety net system for the Project poor and vulnerable THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM Country Grant Name RSR IDA Project Project Name Status IDA Project Objective Amount Amount ID of IDA US$ Project Tanzania Enhancing 0.63 285 P124045 Tanzania Approved Create a comprehensive, efficient, well- Social Productive targeted productive social safety net system Protection Social Safety for the poor and vulnerable section of the for the Most Net (plus AF) Tanzanian population. Vulnerable Children and Poor Elderly Togo Public Works 0.09 9 P121067 Community Approved Provide selected poor communities in Fragile Development with improved basic socio-economic Countries: Project infrastructures, income-generating and labor Experience of a Additional intensive activities and access to food. Cash for Work Financing Program in Togo and Liberia Support to SSN 0.22 14 P127200 Community Approved Provide poor communities with greater Development in Development access to basic socio-economic Togo and Safety infrastructures and social safety nets. Nets Promotion 0.28 of Innovative Crisis Response Social Protection Measures East Asia and the Pacific Mongolia M&E For 0.07 12 P119825 Mongolia Approved Strengthen the capacity of the Ministry Mongolia Multi-Sectoral of Social Welfare and Labor to improve the Social Welfare Technical efficacy of social expenditure by designing Programs Assistance and implementing a targeted poverty benefit. Project 70 Papua New Urban Youth 0.30 16 P114042 Urban Youth Approved Provide urban youth with income from Guinea Employment Employment temporary employment opportunities and to Project— Project increase their employability. Ensuring Effective Evaluation and Social Accountability Europe and Central Asia Albania Albania Social 0.05 P122233 Social Approved Support Albania’s implementation of reforms Safety Nets TA Assistance to improve the equity and efficiency of its Modernization social assistance programs. Project Albania P116937 Social Sector Approved Support policy changes to improve the received IBRD Reform effectiveness of social safety nets. Loans Development Policy Loan Kyrgyz Rapid 0.06 30 P125425 Economic Approved Safeguard social assistance to the poor and Republic Assistance to Recovery to conflict affected families in the face of Improve Social Support fiscal pressures and improve targeting. Safety Nets Operation in the Face of Energy Tariff Reforms Targeted Social 0.26 17 P126278 Second Health Approved Improve health outcomes in four health Assistance and Social priority areas in support of the National Program Protection Health Reform Program 2012–2016; and for Rapid Project enable the Government’s efforts to enhance Expansion, effectiveness and targeting performance of Improved social assistance and services. Administration and Better Coverage progress REPORT 2013 Country Grant Name RSR IDA Project Project Name Status IDA Project Objective Amount Amount ID of IDA US$ Project Tajikistan Targeting 2.72 3 P122039 Social Approved Improve the capacity of the government to and Payment Safety Net plan, monitor, and manage social assistance of Social Strengthening for the poor through the development of a Assistance to Project national registry of social protection and the the Poor provision of training, equipment and related items for improving said capacity. Protecting and 0.40 15 P126130 Tajikistan Pipeline Contribute to the improvement of the Promoting Health FY14 coverage and quality of basic Primary Health Access to Services Care services in rural health facilities in Maternal and Improvement selected regions. Neonatal Health Project Services Latin America and the CaribBean Haiti Household 3.36 50 P123706 Improving Approved Increase the access and use of maternal Development Maternal and and child health, nutrition and other social Agent Pilot Child Health services. Project through Integrated Social Services Honduras Strengthening 0.07 40 P115592 Social Approved Support the Government’s efforts to build an Social Protection improved social protection system mainly by Protection strengthening institutional capacity to design and implement a new Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program, the Bono 10,000 Program. Improving 1.20 20 P126158 Additional Approved Improve Honduras’ social safety net for Nutrition Finance for children and youth by strengthening the Monitoring Nutrition country’s capacity to administer social and Targeted and Social assistance programs; improving nutritional Response to Protection and health status of young children, and Global Crisis increasing employability of at-risk youth by Project piloting a Employment program. 71 Nicaragua Expansion of 2.75 20 P121779 Nicaragua Approved Improve the basic welfare of extremely poor the Family and Social beneficiary families with children; strengthen Community Protection the capacity of MIFAN to implement the Based Social family and community-based social welfare Welfare Model Model; and promote pre-school and primary with Cash school attendance through the provision of Transfers school lunches. Middle East and North Africa Djibouti Employment 0.17 5 P130328 Crisis Approved Support the provision of short-term for the Poor TA Response— employment opportunities in community- Social Safety based labor-intensive works for the poor and Net Project vulnerable; and support the improvement of nutrition practices among participating households. South Asia Bangladesh Piloting Cash 2.99 500 P132634 Bangladesh Pipeline Improve the equity, efficiency, and Transfers Safety Net FY13 transparency of key social safety net for Human Systems for programs and finance short-term Development the Poorest employment to enable the poorest through Local Project households to better cope with poverty and Governments vulnerability. Improving 1.09 150 P118701 Employment Approved Provide short-term employment on Payment and Generation community sub-projects to enable Monitoring Program for households to better cope with vulnerability, System for the Poorest while strengthening program implementation. Employment Generation Program for the Poorest THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM Country Grant Name RSR IDA Project Project Name Status IDA Project Objective Amount Amount ID of IDA US$ Project India Institutional 0.10 106 P121731 Integrated Approved Improve nutritional outcomes of children Arrangements Child in India, strengthen the policy framework, for Nutrition - Development systems and capacities, and facilitate India Services community engagement, and ensure greater - Systems focus on children under three. Strengthening & Nutrition Improvement Program Afghanistan Afghanistan: 0.20 8 P113421 AF: Pension Approved Improve the administration of the public Results-Orient- Admin and pension schemes; and pilot a modest ed Approach Safety Net social safety net program as a first step to in the Pro- developing a sustainable approach to safety Poor Program nets in the country. Design and Implementation Maldives Targeting the 0.19 12 P125700 Pension Approved Support the implementation of the National Poor in the and Social Pension Act, to strengthen institutional Maldives Protection capacity of key agencies responsible for Additional implementing the National Pension Act, and Financing to develop the processes and platforms required for the delivery of social protection Maldives TA to the 0.06 programs. National Health Insurance Scheme (Madhana) in Maldives Pakistan Protecting 0.40 100 P123394 Punjab Health Pipeline Support the implementation of the Health Pakistan’s Poor Sector Reform FY13 Sector Strategy, by focusing on improving the Against Health Project coverage and utilizing quality essential health 72 Shocks services, particularly in the low performing districts of Punjab. Pakistan Financial 0.81 60 P103160 Social Safety Approved Support the expansion and strengthen Inclusion Net TA the administration and performance of the and Literacy country‘s safety net with particular focus on Outcomes of the BISP program as the national safety net Cash Transfers platform. through the Banking System Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Skills 0.24 100 P132698 Skills Pipeline Support the Government of Sri Lanka to Development Development FY14 improve the quality and relevance of the skills for Unemployed Project development sector. Youth Total IDA 34.28 3,103 2013 RSR-MDTF and RSRC Financial Report THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM Status of Contributions and Total Receipts The RSR program includes two trust fund programs, the RSR Multi-Donor Trust Fund (RSR– MDTF) and the RSR Catalyst Trust Fund (RSRC), which closed on June 30, 2012. As of April 30, 2013, cumulative contributions to a total of US$ 71.98 million was received against the RSR-MDTF , and distributed as follows: US$ 50 million from the Russian Federation, NOK 50 million (equivalent to US$ 8.57 million) from Norway, SEK 70 from Sweden (equivalent to US$ 10.43 million) and AUD 2.9 million from Australia (equivalent to US$ 2.97 million). These contributions represent the total amounts specified in the countersigned Administrative Agreements between the donors, IBRD and IDA. Two donors joined the RSR-MDTF since the Progress Report of 2012, Australia and Sweden. As a result, the total contributions increased by 23 percent. Table 1 summarizes the cash contributions by donor and year received. Table 1: Cash Contributions to MDTF by Donor and Year Received (US$ million) Donor 2013 2012 2011 2010 Total Russian Federation-Ministry of Finance 0.00 15.00 15.00 20.00 50.00 Norway-Ministry of Foreign Affairs 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.57 8.57 Australia-Australian Agency for 0.00 2.97 0.00 0.00 2.97 International Development Sweden-Swedish International 10.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.43 Development Agency Total Receipts 10.43 17.97 15.00 28.57 71.98 Source: RSR Management Team / World Bank (2013). The United Kingdom represented by the Department for International Development (DfID) is the sole contributor to the RSRC. A total contribution paid-in of GBP 2 million (equivalent 74 to US$ 3.24 million) was received against the trust fund program. The funds supported the preparation of key analytical work in 30 countries focused on assessing existing programs, technical assistance to improve components of existing systems, and building the capacity of implementing teams. Table 2: Regional Allocation of RSRC (US$ million) Regions Number of Grant Amounts Grants Sub-Sahara Africa 10 1,315,475 East Asia and Pacific 2 155,598 Europe and Central Asia 3 156,313 Latin America and Caribbean 2 162,910 Middle East and North Africa 1 173,593 South Asia Region 4 279,369 Global* 4 751,797 Total 26 2,995,056 Source: RSR Management Team / World Bank (2013). Note: * Includes the coordination grant. The RSR-MDTF and RSRC earned investment income since the inception of the two trust fund programs. The income is used for the same purposes as the contribution funds, as specified in the Trust Fund Administrative Agreements. At present, the RSR-MDTF is valued at US$ 72.77 million (US$ 71.98 million in donor deposits, plus US$ 0.79 million of investment income). The trust fund administrative fee for both trust fund programs represents the cost of administration and other expenses, which are in accordance with the terms of the Administrative Agreements. Table 3 presents the financial summary, which includes information on the status of donor contributions, investment income, grant commitments and disbursements, in addition to the funds available for allocation against the approved fifth round of calls for proposals. progress REPORT 2013 Table 3: RSR-MDTF and RSRC Contribution Paid-in and Financial Summary 1 As of April 30, 2013 (US$ million) Note: RSR MDTF RSRC Total a/ Any portion of a Contribution made in the form of cash. a. Receipts b/ Returns on cash and investments allocated to the Trust Fund, and earned between November 2009 and April 2013. Cash Contribution a/ 71.98 3.24 75.22 c/ The setting aside of funds for specific agreed activities/ Investment Income b/ 0.29 0.02 0.81 projects in accordance with the decision-making process specified in the Administrative Agreement. Total Receipts 72.77 3.25 76.02 d/ Unspent funds from the RSRC program were automatically b. Grant Amount/Allocation c/ 54.55 3.00 57.55 transferred in the Donor Bank Account (DBA). e/ Administrative fee represents the cost of administration c. Non project disbursements and other expenses, which are in accordance with the terms of the Administrative Agreements. Refunds d/ 0.07 0.07 f/ Available balance represents funds available for new Administrative Fee e/ 0.72 0.16 0.88 allocation after subtracting total grant amount and administrative fee. Round 5 for the call for proposals Available Balance f/ 17.50 — 17.50 was launched in March 2013, and the approved grant amounts will be reflected in 2014 reporting period. d. Activity Disbursements and Commitments g/ Disbursements represent the cash payment to a recipient or vendor based on a commitment by the Bank. The Bank Disbursements g/ 41.39 2.99 44.38 provides oversight and supervision over implementation. h/ Commitments represent the obligation of the Trust Fund Commitments h/ 5.94 — 5.94 to provide funds. Commitments are recorded in the full amounts in the system, pending disbursement against Total Disbursements and 47.33 2.99 50.32 the allocated goods and services. Commitments Source: RSR Management Team / World Bank (2013). Since the inception of the RSR-MDTF in late 2009, four rounds of calls for proposals have been launched, covering activities and projects in Chart 1: RSR-MDTF Program Status the regions and globally. Chart 1 shows the current status of the RSR- MDTF program. All activities under the RSRC are now legally closed. 75 Closed Funds Disbursements under the RSR program activities have increased but still significantly since December 2009. As shown in Figure 1, 77 percent Disbursing of the funds allocated to activities have been disbursed to-date and Legally 6% another 10 percent is contractually committed. Closed Funds 24% Active Funds 70% Figure 1: RSR Program Allocations and Disbursements As of April 30, 2013 Source: RSR Management Team / World Bank (2013). 60 Commitments 50 Disbursements 40 Approved Grants US$ million 30 20 10 0 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 Source: RSR Management Team / World Bank (2013). THE WORLD BANK | RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM RSR Program Status of Grant Allocations The RSR-MDTF and RSRC fund two main types of grants as indicated in Chart 2. Recipient Executed Trust Funds (RETFs) are funds that the Bank passes on to a recipient, for which the Bank plays an operational role. Bank Executed Trust Funds (BETFs) finance activities, such as, capacity building and technical assistance that are implemented by the Bank. The RSR Program funds a total of 80 activities implemented in 40 countries. As shown in Chart 3, Africa receives the largest share of allocations among all the regions, representing 45 percent of the RSR-MDTF and RSRC combined portfolio, covering 25 countries and funding 34 activities. Chart 3: Resource Allocation by Region, as of April, 2013 Chart 2: RSR Program Grant Allocations by Trust Fund Types Global 9% Latin America& Recipient Caribbean Africa Executed 17% 45% Bank Eastern 48% Executed Europe & 52% Central South 76 Asia 6% Asia 16% East Asia & the Pacific Middle East 6% & North Africa Source: RSR Management Team / World Bank (2013). 1% Source: RSR Management Team / World Bank (2013). Note: Excludes the Program Management Grants. 1 In accordance with the Trust Fund Administrative Agreement, “the World Bank shall furnish to the Donor current financial information relating to receipts, disbursements and fund balance with respect to the Contributions via the World Bank’s Trust Funds Donor Center secure website. The Bank shall provide to the Donors an annual single audit reporting, within 6 months following the end of the each Bank fiscal � Additional information on accounting and financial reporting is included in the year, which starts on July 1 and ends on June 30 of each year. Administrative Agreement, Annex 2, paragraph 6. 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