90137 Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study Working Paper No. 4 April 2014 Rebecca Horn The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 All rights reserved First published March 2014 www.logica-wb.net This Working Papers Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage discussion and exchange of ideas on gender and conflict related issues in Sub-Saharan Africa. Papers in this series are not formal publications of the World Bank. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited ac- cordingly. The series is edited by the Learning on Gender and Conflict in Africa (LOGiCA) Program of the World Bank within the Fragile States, Conflict and Social Development Department. This paper has not undergone the review accorded to official World Bank publications. The findings, in- terpretations and conclusions herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, its Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. To request further information on the series, please contact ereessmith@worldbank.org LOGiCA. Papers are also available on the LOGiCA website: www.logica-wb.net. Cover and layout design: Duina Reyes Photos provided by World Bank photo library and United Nations photo library Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study Rebecca Horn Working Paper No. 4 April 2014 Table of Contents ................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary. ........................................................................................................... 3 Methodology & Findings. Conclusions................................................................................................................................ 5 A. Introduction.......................................................................................... 6 Background................................................................................................................................ 6 Objective.................................................................................................................................... 8 Process of developing the assessment tool.................................................................................... 8 B. Phase 1: Qualitative Study..................................................................... 9 Methodology.............................................................................................................................. 9 Analysis of data......................................................................................................................... 11 Review draft interview schedule with key people and revise...................................................... 12 Translation of the interview schedule........................................................................................ 12 C. Phase 2: Informal Testing.................................................................... 14 ................................................................. 14 Description of the draft psychosocial wellbeing tool. D. Phase 3: Formal Testing of the Draft Tool to Measure Psychosocial Wellbeing............................................................................ 16 Assessing validity and reliability of a tool to measure psychosocial wellbeing............................. 16 .............................................................................................................. 17 Description of process. Ethical issues............................................................................................................................. 17 ....................................................................................................... 18 Description of participants. Review and revision of items..................................................................................................... 18 E. Summary and Conclusions.................................................................. 22 F. References............................................................................................ 24 Annex 1. Schedule of activities................................................................. 27 Annex 2. Research tools for qualitative study (Phase 1)........................... 29 Annex 3. Policies and Practical Guidelines.............................................. 33 Annex 4. Code of conduct. ....................................................................... 35 Annex 5. Code of Conduct (French)........................................................ 37 Annex 6. Informed consent for Phase 1................................................... 39 Annex 7. Summary of findings from qualitative study (Phase 1). ............. 40 Annex 8. Draft assessment tool for testing............................................... 45 Annex 9. Draft assessment tool for testing (French)................................. 59 Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 1 Annex 10. Draft assessment tool for testing (French)............................... 75 Annex 11. Preparation of database. .......................................................... 83 Annex 12. Review and revision of items................................................... 85 Annex 13. Final version of psychosocial wellbeing assessment tool (English)........................................................................................... 89 Annex 14. Data entry guide and database preparation. .......................... 105 2 Executive Summary S ince it began operating in the 1990s in well-being among conflict-affected women in the northern Uganda, the LRA has inflicted Orientale province in DRC enormous suffering on millions of civilians in several countries of the Great Lakes and Central Methodology & Findings African regions. In the 1990s and early 2000s, suc- cessive Ugandan People’s Defence Force (UPDF) The development of the tool took place in three operations in northern Uganda largely drove the phases: (1) a qualitative study designed to develop LRA into the DRC and what is now South Sudan, the necessary understanding of the concepts to be and after 2008, into the CAR. included in the tool; (2) an informal testing pro- cess; and (3) a formal testing phase. Armed conflict negatively affects women and men in different ways and results in gender-specific dis- Six research assistants were recruited and partici- advantages which are not always recognized or ad- pated in training and data collection throughout dressed in mainstream conflict and reconstruction the period of the development of this tool.1 programs and policies. The ‘Learning on Gender PHASE 1: QUALITATIVE STUDY and Conflict in Africa’ Program (LOGiCA) aims to increase gender-specific programming in post- Three methods were used to collect the informa- conflict Sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on de- tion required to develop the assessment tools, in mobilization and reintegration (D&R) in the addition to a review of the literature and of rel- Great Lakes region (GLR), and gender specific evant surveys/ assessment tools developed for the issues arising from armed conflict including psy- DRC context: chosocial aspects. 1) Group discussions (with 2 groups of com- During 2011, a LOGiCA initiative sought to de- munity members, 2 groups of members of velop tools to measure psychosocial wellbeing for women’s groups, and 2 groups of communi- the specific population of conflict-affected women ty leaders): A group discussion methodology in the Acholi sub-region of Northern Uganda. The was used to develop: (a) a list of all the groups initiative served to develop: (i) a measure of psy- that women can be involved in, as members chological wellbeing based on local understand- and/ or as leaders; (b) a list of all the commu- ings of psychosocial wellbeing & psychological nity activities that women can take part in; distress, (ii) a measure of social connectedness, and (c) an understanding of what ‘empower- (iii) a measure of empowerment, and (iv) various ment’ means for women in this context. measures of factors hypothesised to influence the psychological wellbeing of women in Northern 2) Freelisting (52 respondents): the freelisting Uganda. The tools were subsequently piloted and methodology (asking people one or more tested in the context of a pilot project designed standardised questions to generate a list) was to strengthen women’s economic associations in used to collect data which would be used to Northern Uganda implemented by the Transi- develop a measure of current events/ circum- tional Demobilization and Reintegration Program stances which may contribute to psychologi- (TDRP). cal distress. The aim of the current project is to replicate this work in LRA-affected areas of DRC, by develop- 1  MDF Management and Consultancy partnered with LOGiCA to ing locally relevant tools to measure psychosocial manage the data collection in field Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 3 3) Case study interviews (44 respondents): this ence within the marriage relationship (9 methodology (which involves respondents items) telling us about a woman they know who has suffered emotionally but has recovered, In addition, the tool included a number of demo- and another who has suffered emotionally graphic factors and information about the wom- but has not recovered) was used to develop an’s economic situation, as well as her experience a measure of psychological distress and mea- of events and situations which may have an im- sures of events and circumstances that con- pact on psychosocial wellbeing. These include a tribute to psychological distress. checklist of distressing events experienced during the conflict; experience of displacement; various On the basis of these four types of information, aspects of the woman’s current life situation which an interview schedule was designed to assess the may contribute to her psychosocial wellbeing; and key elements of psychosocial wellbeing in this her experience of domestic violence. context, plus some background and contextual factors. This was translated into French and back- PHASE 3: FORMAL TESTING translated into English and any discrepancies in The general aim of the formal testing phase of the the translation were resolved. project was to test out the effectiveness of the psy- PHASE 2: INFORMAL TESTING chosocial assessment tool and revise it so it could be used to assess the psychosocial wellbeing of The six research assistants tested out the interview women living in the eastern part of DRC which is schedule informally with five people each. Their affected by LRA activity. The specific questions to feedback led to further revisions of the tool. be addressed included: The draft version of the tool which was produced • Are the items appropriate/ readily understood? at the end of this process consisted of: (Acceptability/ usability) • Four measures of social connectedness: • Does the psychological distress scale distin- guish between those who are psychologically 1) Involvement in community groups distressed and those who are not, as identified 2) Involvement in community activities by key community members? (Discriminant over the previous one month (9 items) validity) 3) Confidence that one could get help from • Are the various scales internally consistent? others in a crisis (3 items) (Internal reliability) 4) A measure of various forms of support • Do people respond consistently to the mea- received from others over the last one sure as a whole? (Test-retest reliability) month (12 items) In order to test the reliability and validity of the • One 19-item measure of psychological dis- psychological distress and the social connectedness tress. parts of the interview schedule, these sections were administered to a sample of 100 women from the • Three measures of empowerment: Dungu area. 1) Leadership roles held These women had previously been identified by 2) A measure of a number of behaviours community leaders as either showing signs of psy- which indicate empowerment for women chosocial distress (N=50) or showing no signs of (7 items) psychosocial distress (N=50), with their categori- sation being confirmed by the data collection team 3) A measure of the woman’s power/ influ- leader and a psychologist from Caritas. The aim 4 was to find out whether the psychological distress women’s lives, which all contribute to empow- section of the interview was able to distinguish be- erment but do not form a single underlying tween these groups of women. This is an accepted concept. However, all three appear to be reli- way of assessing validity, in the absence of a ‘gold able measures in themselves. standard’ (professional diagnosis of psychological problems). The majority of sections had very good levels of test-retest reliability. The high level of stability in The interviews were conducted either in French or responses to the questions in these sections over in Lingala, without the research assistant knowing time indicates that the respondents understood how the respondent had been categorised. Twen- the questions they were asked and responded in a ty-two respondents were chosen at random for re- consistent way. This increases confidence that the interview 2-3 days after the first visit, to assess the interview schedule will provide reliable informa- test-retest reliability of the tool. tion about these aspects of psychosocial wellbeing. The analysis of data enabled the psychometric The exception to this is the measure of psychologi- properties of items and scales to be reviewed, and cal distress, which has poor test-retest reliability, revisions to be made. The psychometric properties and that of the domestic violence scale is also rela- of the revised scales were then assessed: tively low. • The revised version of the psychological dis- Conclusions tress scale was found to have acceptable in- ternal consistency and was able to distinguish The results of the pilot study indicate that the psy- between women identified as having psycho- chosocial assessment tool has good reliability and social problems and those identified as having validity with this population, although there are no such problems. Therefore, it is possible to some concerns about two sub-scales: the ‘psycho- have some confidence in the scale as a measure logical distress’ measure and the ‘confidence in a of psychological distress with this population. crisis’ measure. Since even these two scales dem- • The measures of social connectedness were re- onstrated good psychometric properties in all but lated to each other in predictable ways, other one aspect, it is not recommended to remove them than the measure of ‘confidence in a crisis’. at this stage. However, they should be used ten- There is good evidence that the measures of tatively, and ideally a qualitative study would be involvement in social networks and commu- conducted to explore the reasons for the poor test- nity activities, along with the measure of sup- retest reliability of the psychological distress scale, portive relationships, are tapping into a single and the lack of relationship between the ‘confi- underlying concept, which can be called so- dence in a crisis’ measure and the other measures cial connectedness. There is less evidence for of social connectedness. the validity of the measure of ‘confidence in a crisis’. It is also recommended that the lack of relationship between the ‘empowerment’ sub-scales is explored • There is no relationship between the three further. Each ‘empowerment’ measure has good measures of empowerment, which suggests psychometric properties, but they were expected they are measuring different aspects of wom- to be related in some way, and this was found not en’s lives. However, those who are less em- to be the case. powered in their marriage were also found to experience higher levels of domestic violence, In summary, the tool can be recommended for use which is an indication that they are measuring as a measure of psychosocial wellbeing of women a common factor. The three measures were in the north-eastern part of DRC, but the proper- found to be internally consistent. It seems ties of the sub-scales identified above should con- that they are measuring different aspects of tinue to be explored. Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 5 A. INTRODUCTION Background operations against the LRA in the affected areas of their respective countries. In particular, the UPDF, Since it began operating in the 1990s in northern with the agreement of the relevant Governments Uganda, the LRA has inflicted enormous suffering and with logistical support from the United States on millions of civilians in several countries of the of America, has conducted joint military opera- Great Lakes and Central African regions. In the tions in the CAR, the DRC and South Sudan. 1990s and early 2000s, successive Ugandan Peo- These operations have significantly reduced the ple’s Defense Force (UPDF) operations in north- strength and operational capacity of the LRA over ern Uganda largely drove the LRA into the DRC the past three years. Despite the relative success and what is now South Sudan, and after 2008, of the military operations, the group continues to into the CAR. Several initiatives were undertaken pose a serious security threat to civilians, as the ca- to peacefully resolve the conflict, including efforts pacity of the national security forces in the affected to facilitate a negotiated settlement between 2006 countries is limited. and 2008. The LRA’s indiscriminate attacks on civilians con- In March 2008, after months of intensive efforts stitute serious violations of international humani- by regional and international stakeholders to bring tarian and human rights law and have caused a the conflict to an end, representatives of the Gov- serious humanitarian crisis in the affected coun- ernment of Uganda and the LRA finalised the tries. An estimated 2.5 million people have been Peace Agreement. However, LRA leader Joseph displaced by the LRA, either internally or across Kony refused to sign the Agreement and in De- borders, in Uganda, South Sudan, DRC and CAR cember 2008, Uganda and the DRC launched over the last 30 years. As of June 2013, more than joint military operations (Operation Lightning 440,000 persons were displaced in the central Af- Thunder) against the armed group. While these rican region due to the LRA; 319,000 were dis- operations dislodged the LRA from several parts placed in the DRC alone (Titeca, Vlassenroot & of the DRC, they also had severe humanitarian Wissing, 2013). consequences and many of the civilians affected remain displaced. LRA attacks, committed with impunity, have typi- cally included killings, abductions (especially of Following these military operations, which offi- children and women), recruitment of and use of cially ended in March 2009, the LRA is believed to boys and girls as combatants and in other roles, have fragmented into several highly-mobile groups sexual violence including rape and sexual slavery, operating across a wide area, from Aba in Haut forced marriage, mutilations, looting, and the de- Uele district across to Ango in Bas Uele district in struction of property. Many women who were ab- the DRC; from Birao in Vakaga prefecture to Obo ducted and used as sex slaves face stigmatization in Haut Mbomou prefecture in the CAR; and into and great difficulties in reintegrating in their com- Western Equatoria and occasionally Western Bahr munities of origin. el Ghazal states in South Sudan. Armed conflict negatively affects women and men Following Operation Lightning Thunder, the na- in different ways and results in gender-specific dis- tional security forces of the DRC, the CAR and advantages which are not always recognised or ad- South Sudan have continued to conduct military dressed in mainstream conflict and reconstruction 6 programs and policies. The ‘Learning on Gen- and dominant gender discourses (Sideris, 2003; der and Conflict in Africa’ Program (LOGiCA) Deacon & Sullivan, 2010). In many communi- aims to increase gender-specific programming ties, women’s relative lack of power limits their in post-conflict Sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus access to protective social and material resources, on demobilisation and reintegration (D&R) in so ‘the emotional response and loss of social be- the Great Lakes region, and gender specific issues longing/identity, will be felt differently by men arising from armed conflict including psychosocial and women’ (Sideris, 2003: 722). In some con- aspects. flict and post-conflict settings (e.g. Afghanistan, Lopes Cardozo et al, 2005; Sudan, Roberts et al, Psychosocial considerations in conflict-affected 2010), women have been found to report higher contexts rates of mental illness and psychological distress Prolonged conflict and displacement such as that than men. experienced in the LRA-affected area erodes nor- In the LRA-affected area, there have been a range mally protective supports, and increases the risk of of crimes committed against women, girls and diverse psychosocial problems. The Psychosocial children by perpetrators of the war such as reb- Working Group (2003) has identified three key els, paramilitary groups, and some male relatives domains through which these effects can be un- among others. These crimes include abductions, derstood. Firstly, human capacity may be reduced killings, mutilations, rape, torture, sexual slavery when people become depressed, withdraw from and domestic violence. social life or become physically disabled; and the feeling of having less control over events and cir- There are, however, significant gaps in locally cumstances may contribute to people feeling less appropriate, culturally sensitive techniques to able to meet the challenges they face. Secondly, measure psychosocial well-being among specific conflict often leads to disruption of the social ecol- populations and within specific localities of the ogy of a community, where relations between fam- LRA-affected area. During 2011, a LOGiCA ini- ilies and peers change, or where religious and civic tiative sought to develop such tools for the spe- organisations find it difficult to function. Thirdly, cific population of conflict-affected women in the the culture and values of communities may be dis- Acholi sub-region of Northern Uganda. The ini- rupted when common values are challenged and tiative served to develop: (i) a measure of psycho- human rights are violated. It may become more logical wellbeing based on local understandings of difficult for people to follow cultural traditions psychosocial wellbeing & psychological distress, that have previously provided a sense of unity and (ii) a measure of social connectedness, (iii) a mea- identity to communities. The loss of material and sure of empowerment, and (iv) various measures economic resources of households, the disruption of factors hypothesised to influence the psycho- of infrastructure at local and regional levels, and logical wellbeing of women in Northern Uganda. the degradation of the environment all have an The tools were subsequently piloted and tested in important impact on psychosocial well-being. the context of a pilot project desgined to strength- Women’s experiences of conflict differ qualitatively en women’s economic associations in Northern from that of men. To some extent, this is a func- Uganda implemented by the Transitional Demo- tion of their experience of the conflict itself, which bilization and Reintegration Program (TDRP). can include not only being targets and victims of The aim of the current project is to replicate this armed groups in communities, but also serving as work in DRC. combatants, in supportive and domestic roles, and as sexual slaves and ‘wives’ (Annan & Brier, 2010). Context in DRC Women and girls are at increased risk of sexual and gender based violence (SGBV) during and after a The LRA’s presence in north-eastern DRC has war, but conflict also impacts on women differ- been concentrated in the districts of Haut-Uele ently to men due to their social position and role, and Bas-Uele, which make up two of the four Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 7 districts of Orientale province. LRA attacks in accessing education, health care and land, partly DRC have been reported mainly in Haut Uele, due to financial constraints but also due to ten- but also in Bas Uele, particularly north of Ango. sions with host communities. About 85 per cent These have included large-scale massacres, such as of the IDPs stay with host families that are already in December 2008 when reports indicated that extremely poor, and the remainder live in sponta- over 700 people were killed in Faradje, Duru and neous IDP settlements in Dungu and Irumu ter- Doruma, and in December 2009 when more than ritories. 300 persons were reportedly killed in Makombo and 206 abducted including at least 80 children. In January and February 2014 there were 32 LRA Objective incidents in Dungu (where the study reported The overall aim of this project is to develop locally here took place), including looting of food and relevant tools to measure psychosocial well-being non-food items, and kidnap. among conflict-affected women in the Orientale Since 2011, LRA attacks in the districts of Haut province in DRC. and Bas-Uele have decreased significantly, but the displacement caused by previous attacks, and the Process of developing the assessment fear of new ones, remains high. The history of LRA attacks in DRC’s Orientale province has cre- tool ated far higher levels of fear and psychosocial dis- tress than in other areas. Orientale province hosts The development of the tool took place in three the largest number of people displaced due to LRA phases: (1) a qualitative study designed to develop activity, with an estimated 320,000 IDPs in 2013 the necessary understanding of the concepts to be (Titeca, Vlassenroot & Wissing, 2013). The ar- included in the tool; (2) an informal testing pro- rival of IDPs increases pressure on already scarce cess; and (3) a formal testing phase. The schedule resources, and IDPs face particular challenges in of activities is outlined in Annex 1. 8 B. PHASE 1: QUALITATIVE STUDY The aim of this phase was to collect the informa- • A list of all the community activities that tion needed in order to: women can take part in. • develop a measure of psychosocial well- • An understanding of what ‘empower- being based on local understandings of ment’ means for women in this context, wellbeing and distress particularly what opportunities there are for women to exercise control within • develop a measure of social connected- their own lives, and to have influence in ness appropriate for the DRC context public life. • identify experiences believed to contrib- The discussions were free-flowing and issues were ute to psychological distress, especially explored as they came up, but were loosely based conflict related experiences on discussion guides which can be found in An- • develop a measure of relevant war experi- nex 2. ences and environmental/ daily stressors 2.  Freelisting salient in this context. Paul Bolton and his colleagues (Bass et al., 2006) Methodology have created a number of locally relevant instru- ments to measure mental health problems in Af- Three methods were used to collect the informa- rica using the freelisting process (see, for example, tion required to develop the assessment tools, in Wilk and Bolton, 2002; Bolton, 2001b). Freelist- addition to a review of the literature and of rel- ing interviews involve asking local people one or evant surveys/ assessment tools developed for the more standardised questions in order to generate a DRC context: list of what they perceive as the major problems af- fecting their community (for example). The prob- 1) Group discussions (with community lems identified during the freelisting interviews are leaders, general community members, collapsed into a composite list of the major prob- and members of women’s groups) lems from the community’s perspective, including 2) Freelisting mental and emotional disorders, and how highly the community prioritises them. This list is used 3) Case study interviews to create an instrument designed to measure the extent to which people are affected by the psycho- 1.  Group discussions (with community lead- logical/ emotional problems they listed. Bolton ers, general community members, and members and his colleagues (Bolton et al., 2007) describe of women’s groups) the use of an instrument developed in this way A group discussion methodology was used to de- (the Acholi Psychosocial Assessment Instrument) velop: in Northern Uganda. The instrument was found to be internally reliable, and to distinguish between • A list of all the groups that women can be youth who were said by themselves and others to involved in, as members and/ or as lead- suffer from depression-like syndromes, and youth ers. who were said not to suffer from such syndromes. Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 9 In the development of the psychosocial assessment recovered and is now functioning well tool for use in DRC, the freelisting methodology despite the hardships she has endured was used to collect data to develop a measure of current events or circumstances which may con- • The other woman should be someone tribute to psychological distress. The structured who has continued to suffer despite the question used was: ‘What are the kinds of things passing of time that worry women in this community?’ (see An- The respondent is then asked to tell the interview- nex 2 for a copy of the freelisting data collection er about the two people in detail, focusing par- form). ticularly on: 3.  Case study interviews • The difficult life events they have expe- Jon Hubbard and the Center for Victims of Torture rienced (CVT) developed a means of assessing children’s • How they have been affected (thoughts, wellbeing, using locally relevant criteria (Hart et feelings, behaviour) al., 2007). Members of the target group/ com- munity are asked to think of a child they know • Signs that indicate that the woman is still who, in their view, is doing well, and then list the suffering things about this child that indicate to them that he or she is doing well. The characteristics that • Signs that indicate that the woman has emerge from this process can then be used as in- now recovered dicators of wellbeing, which can be used to assess • Why they think the first woman recov- individual children. Since participants are asked ered, and the second is still having dif- to describe the characteristics of real children, the ficulties indicators are likely to be attainable and realistic, rather than abstract ideals. This method has since The data collection form for the case study inter- been adapted for use with adults, and has been views can be found in Annex 2. widely used as the first stage of developing cultur- ally valid measures of psychosocial wellbeing (e.g. Recruitment and training of research assistants Fernando, 2008). For example, Miller et al (2006) Prior to the start of the study, six research assis- used individual interviews based on this method- tants (three male and three female) were recruit- ology to identify salient traumatic experiences in ed in Dungu by LOGiCA’s field data collection Afghanistan, as well as other types of stressors and partner. Following a call for applications, field as- indicators of psychological distress. They used this sistants were interviewed and recruited based on information to develop items for a questionnaire which was later validated. their experience in the psychosocial field. In the development of the psychosocial assessment All six research assistants participated in three days’ tool for use in DRC, this methodology (called training in the two interview methods (freelisting here ‘case study interviews’) was used to develop a and case-study interviews) prior to the data col- measure of psychological distress and measures of lection phase. The research also addressed ethical events and circumstances that contribute to psy- issues associated with the research, and explored chological distress. The methodology was based how the study had the potential to cause harm, on that used by Miller et al (2006) and involved and how this potential could be minimised. The asking the respondent to think of two women research reviewed and revised the ‘Policies and they know personally, both of whom have suffered practical guidelines’ and ‘Code of Conduct’ to en- emotionally because of difficult life experiences: sure that they were appropriate for the DRC con- text (see Annex 3 and 4 for the final versions), and • One woman should be someone who has all research assistants signed a French version of 10 the Code of Conduct (see Annex 5). data collection team leader, with the assistance of a translator who had participated in the research Procedure assistants’ training so had a good understanding of Between 29th August and 1st September 2013, the aims and objectives of the discussions. the research team visited four locations within Discussions were conducted with two groups of Haut-Uele district: Dungu, (in quarter Mussa), community members (Dungu, N=10; Mussa, Kiliwa, Li-May. N=13); two groups of community leaders (Li-May, Individual interviews N=13; Dungu, N=7); and three women’s groups (Li-May, N=15; Kiliwa, N=11; Mussa, N=9). A A total of 52 freelisting interviews were conducted total of 20 community leaders participated in over this four-day period, and 44 case study inter- group discussions (19 men and one woman); 23 views. community members (13 men and 10 women); and 35 members of women’s groups. The com- Table 1. Summary of individual interviews munity leaders who participated in the discussions conducted included church leaders, health care staff, town chiefs, youth leaders, teachers and other profes- LOCATION N. FREELISTING N. CASE STUDY INTERVIEWS sionals. Dungu 5 3 Kiliwa 17 8 Analysis of data Li-May 9 13 Freelisting data Mussa 21 20 Interviewers recorded respondents’ answers to the standardised question (‘What are the kind of Respondents were selected for the individual in- things that worry women in this community?’) in terviews on an opportunity basis. The research as- the form of lists, with each item on the list being sistants approached them and explained the study, accompanied by a short description. and what their participation would involve, using A table was created and each issue raised by a re- an ‘informed consent’ guidance sheet (see An- spondent as a worry or concern for women was nex 6). If they agreed to participate, interviews recorded on a separate row in that table, along were conducted in Lingala or French. Research with its short description. Since the same worries assistants made notes at the time of the interview, recurred in several lists, the frequency with which which they then submitted to the team leader. each worry was stated was recorded, and the de- These notes were translated into English and typed scription added to those given by other respon- up for analysis. dents. Whenever new worries (those not men- The average (mean) age of respondents was 36 tioned by previous respondents) were stated, they years for the freelisting interviews (minimum age would be added to the table in a new row. = 19, maximum = 63), and 38.5 years for the case When all data had been analysed, the table was study interviews (minimum age = 20, maximum reorganised in order of frequency, so that worries = 68; missing data for 1 respondent). Freelisting appeared in order of the frequency with which interviews were conducted with 26 women and 26 they were mentioned, indicating their importance men; case study interviews were conducted with to the respondents. The final stage was to analyse 22 women and 22 men. the descriptions given of each problem to identify Group discussions the major themes. Throughout the analysis, links were identified and recorded between the items Seven group discussions were conducted by the (see Annex 7 for a summary of the findings). Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 11 Case study interview data psychosocial wellbeing. The sources of informa- tion that contributed to each section are outlined The case study interviews provided information below. about respondents’ perceptions of: • Background/ demographic informa- • Events which contributed to psychologi- tion: SWAY survey (Annan et al, 2008), cal distress (difficult life experiences) BRAC Poverty Scorecard, the SF-8 used • Signs (indicators) of psychological dis- by Roberts et al (2010), plus data from tress group discussions. • Signs (indicators) of recovery • Social Connectedness: data from group discussions; items from Pronyk et al’s • Factors that contribute to recovery (2006) assessment tool; items from the SWAY survey. The data obtained from the 44 respondents were typed up and organised into these four themes. • Empowerment: data from group discus- They were then analysed thematically, to identify: sions; items from Pronyk et al’s (2006) the key events believed to contribute to psycho- assessment tool. logical distress; the signs of psychological distress and wellbeing; and the factors which contribute to • Psychological distress: data from case psychological wellbeing (see Annex 7 for a sum- study interviews; Betancourt et al’s mary of the findings). (2009) APYA; • Events that may contribute to psycho- Group discussion data logical distress: SWAY survey; data from The content of the group discussions was divided case study interviews into the following subjects: • Current circumstances that could con- • Leadership roles available to women tribute to psychological distress: data from freelisting interviews and case study • Decision-making carried out by women interviews; items from the SASA! base- line survey (Abramsky et al, 2010). • Groups that women can be part of • Community activities that women par- Review draft interview schedule with ticipate in key people and revise • The signs of an ‘empowered woman’ The draft interview schedule was reviewed by all • Men’s role in women’s empowerment members of the research team. Those based in DRC (specifically an MDF consultant and the • Social connectedness (signs of a woman research team leader) identified any aspect of the having a good social network) draft tool that seemed inappropriate in the DRC context, or unclear. The interview schedule was The content of each subject was then analysed the- then revised. matically. Development of first draft of interview schedule Translation of the interview schedule The information from group discussions and indi- The translation of instruments is a crucial part of vidual interviews was combined with information the process; if a translation is inaccurate, both reli- from other studies identified during the develop- ability and validity will be low. Items designed to ment of the Northern Uganda tool to measure measure psychosocial concepts such as ‘social con- 12 nectedness’ can be especially difficult to translate The interview schedule was translated into French, without changing their meaning because of their and back-translated into English by a second trans- cultural specificity (see Verduin et al, 2010). Hub- lator who had no connection with the project. bard and Miller (2004), amongst others (e.g. Bol- This back-translated version was then compared ton, 2001a) have described a rigorous process for with the original English, and any discrepancies the translation of psychosocial evaluation tools. identified and corrected. Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 13 C. PHASE 2: INFORMAL TESTING T he six research assistants were trained to ad- Plus: attendance at religious services. minister the draft version of the interview schedule. They administered the draft assess- B.  Psychological distress ment tool to five people in their home areas with One 19-item measure of psychological distress. the aim of getting feedback on the items, response formats, and overall content of the interview Plus: whether woman takes alcohol schedule. The research assistants recorded their re- spondents’ feedback on the items and the response C.  Empowerment formats, along with their own reflections. These feedback documents were translated into English There are three measures of empowerment: and the interview schedule was revised based on 1) Leadership roles held the research assistants’ experience of administering it. In addition, issues which should be clarified 2) A measure of a number of behaviours during training for administration of the tool and which indicate empowerment for women data entry in future were noted. (7 items) The revised version of the interview schedule was 3) A measure of the woman’s power/ influ- translated into French ready for formal testing. ence within the marriage relationship (9 items) Description of the draft psychosocial Plus: whether the woman is head of her household wellbeing tool share of household income she provides role in MEASURES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL decision-making about economic activities WELLBEING   The measures of psychosocial wellbeing included ASPECTS OF WOMEN’S LIVES WHICH in the draft version of the tool (see Annex 8) are: MAY CONTRIBUTE TO PSYCHOSOCIAL A.  Social connectedness WELLBEING There are four measures of social connectedness: Demographic factors 1) Involvement in community groups • Age 2) Involvement in community activities • Marital status over the previous one month (9 items) • Level of education and reading ability 3) Confidence that one could get help from others in a crisis (3 items) • Whether the woman feels part of her commu- nity or an outsider 4) A measure of various forms of support received from others over the last one • Whether the woman considers herself to be a month (12 items) displaced person 14 • Number of people in household the month (in debt/ break even/ in credit) • Number of biological children • Whether the woman has received assistance from an NGO/ CBO ˏˏ Whether children live with her • Distressing events and circumstances ˏˏ Whether children’s father(s) are alive • A checklist of distressing events experienced ˏˏ Whether father(s) help to provide for chil- during the conflict (33 items) dren’s needs • Experience of displacement ˏˏ Whether anyone else helps to provide for children’s needs • Various aspects of the woman’s current life sit- uation which may contribute to her psychoso- ˏˏ Children’s ages cial wellbeing (identified through qualitative ˏˏ Number of female/ male children in interviews) school, and reasons for absence from • Experience of domestic violence (16 items) school • Other events that may have an impact on psy- • Number of non-biological children the wom- chosocial wellbeing an is caretaker for • Number of children who died, were miscar- • Physical health ried, aborted or stillborn • Economic situation • Whether husband gets drunk often • Number of times woman went to bed hungry • Whether the woman has problems related in the last week to cultivation, and, if so, the reasons for the • Whether the woman works, and if so what she problems does and how much she earned in the past 7 • Whether the woman has problems accessing days water • Financial situation of household at the end of Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 15   D. PHASE 3: FORMAL TESTING OF THE DRAFT TOOL TO MEASURE PSYCHOSOCIAL WELLBEING T he general aim of the formal testing phase sional diagnosis (if measuring a psychological/ of the project was to test out the effective- psychiatric problem), or another instrument that ness of the psychosocial assessment tool and has been validated in the same setting, with the revise it so it can be used to assess the psychosocial same population. However, in conflict and post- wellbeing of women living in the eastern part of conflict settings it is common for neither of these DRC which is affected by LRA activity. The spe- criteria to be available, so alternative measures of cific questions to be addressed include: criterion validity must be found. Bolton (2001a) and his colleagues (e.g. Bolton et al, 2004; Bolton • Are the items appropriate/ readily understood? et al, 2007) have addressed this difficulty by using (Acceptability/ usability) local input. They ask local people to identify those • Does the psychological distress scale distin- in their community who have the psychological/ guish between those who are psychologically emotional problem of interest, and also to identify distressed and those who are not, as identified those who do not have such a problem. Blind in- by key community members? (Discriminant terviewing of these groups is carried out, and the validity) scores of the two groups compared. If the instru- ment is effective, one would expect those identi- • Are the various scales internally consistent? fied as having a psychological/ emotional problem (Internal reliability) to score more highly than those without such a • Do people respond consistently to the mea- problem. sure as a whole? (Test-retest reliability) The identification of those with and without the It would also be desirable to assess the tool’s sen- psychological problem of interest is not straightfor- sitivity to change, but this was not possible due to ward, and efforts must be made to ensure that the time constraints. categorisation is valid. Bolton (2001a) addressed this by supervisors initially visiting knowledge- Assessing validity and reliability able community members to collect the names of of a tool to measure psychosocial those who currently had and did not have the psy- chological problem being studied. Interviewers wellbeing (who were unaware of the respondent’s reported The difficulties of evaluating the validity and reli- status) administered the interview and then asked ability of a locally developed instrument to mea- respondents themselves if they had the psycho- sure psychological/ emotional wellbeing are dis- logical problem of interest. If the knowledgeable cussed by Bolton (2001a). The most important community member and the respondent disagreed form of validity for cross-cultural work, according on whether they had the problem, the data from to Bolton, is criterion validity, which is the perfor- that interview were not used in the analysis. In mance of the instrument against some criterion. Bolton’s study, this process resulted in 131 inter- This criterion should be an accepted measure of views being included in the analysis, and 38 being the presence of the factor targeted by the new in- discarded. However, Bolton notes that it was still strument. Ideally, the criterion against which the unclear how accurately local people identified the new instrument is compared would be a profes- psychological problem he was interested in. 16 Description of process able, in which case the research assistant would attempt to arrange another appointment, or an al- The pilot study took place in Dungu between 16 ternative respondent was selected. The data from and 22 March 2014. The data collection team the repeat interviews was necessary to assess the worked in liaison with community leaders and a test-retest reliability of the tool. psychologist from Caritas, an organisation which had been based in the area for some time, to iden- Ethical issues tify suitable respondents. A number of ethical issues had the potential to af- The research team leader worked with a team of six fect this pilot study, and attempts were made to research assistants, who participated in two days of address these before the study began. The main training prior to the data collection phase. Four issues are summarised below, along with a descrip- of these staff were involved in Phases 1 and 2 of tion of the procedures put in place to minimise any the project, and two were newly recruited. The potential harm to individuals or communities. recruitment process involved a call being made for applications, and interview of qualified candi- 1.  Discussing Sensitive Issues dates. The psychosocial wellbeing assessment tool touch- The research design was to interview 100 women, es on a number of sensitive issues, which could half of whom had been identified by community cause distress. During the training of research leaders as having psychosocial problems, and half assistants, the team discussed the parts of the in- of whom were identified by the same community terview schedule likely to be particularly sensitive, leaders as not having psychosocial problems. The and how the research assistants should manage any research assistants would conduct the assessment distress (see Policies and Practical Guidelines, An- interview without knowing which category their nex 3). respondents belonged to. In Dungu, the head of the village made the initial selection of women 2.  Informed Consent in each category, and the categorisation was con- To enable respondents to make a considered deci- firmed by the research team leader and the Caritas sion about whether to participate or not, they were psychologist .2 provided with information about the research and The interviews were conducted either in French what the interview would involve. The informed (see Annex 9) or in Lingala (see Annex 10 for the consent form can be found in Annex 8 (and the translation developed by research assistants during French version in Annex 9). their training). 3.  Confidentiality Twenty-two respondents were chosen at random Sensitive information (names, incidents, loca- for re-interview 2-3 days after the first visit. In tions, details, violations witnessed or suffered by some cases, the selected respondent was not avail- respondents, etc.) collected during the assessment were kept confidential, except where the respon- dent gave permission for her case to be referred for 2  The community leaders making the initial selection were told further assistance. that they should not base their categorisation on physical wellbe- ing, or on mental health in terms of psychiatric conditions such as Research assistants were given guidance on confi- schizophrenia or psychosis. The women categorised as having good psychosocial wellbeing might be women who are happy most of the dentiality during the training (see Annex 3) and time, have good relationships with most other people, and behave procedures were put in place to ensure that the data well in different contexts. Women categorised as having poor psy- collection forms were stored in such a way that the chosocial wellbeing may have some bad feelings (e.g. sad, frightened, angry, worried), may have difficult relationships with other people, identities of the respondents were protected. or avoid other people, and may behave in ways that seem strange or unusual. 4.  Ensuring the Welfare of Respondents Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 17 Where a research assistant had concerns about the Review and revision of items welfare of a respondent, she or he would first ask the respondent if she wanted help with the issue. The first stage of the analysis of the pilot study data If she did, the research assistant could refer her to was to review responses and identify those items the Caritas psychologist. This was necessary in which did not work well, and should be removed. two cases during the pilot study. This process is described in Annex 12. The revised version of the psychosocial assessment tool can be 5.  Code of Conduct found in Annex 13 (English). All the research assistants were required to sign a ASSESSMENT OF RELIABILITY AND Code of Conduct (see Annex 4 and 5), following VALIDITY explanation and discussion during the training pe- riod. A.  Psychological Distress Cronbach’s alpha for the test version of the psy- Compensation chological distress scale was .63, indicating lower All respondents, and the leaders who assisted with than expected internal consistency. Review of the the selection of respondents, were compensated item statistics resulted in the removal of eleven for the time they spent participating in this study items; the final 8-item scale has a Cronbach’s alpha with a bag of salt (costing locally around 250 Con- of .65, which is slightly more acceptable, and less golese Francs, or $0.27). burdensome to complete. Discriminant validity was evaluated by comparing Description of participants the scores on the revised 8-item scale of women identified as having psychosocial problems, and Interviews were conducted with 100 women in those identified as having no such problems. It was seven quartiers of Dungu: Eti (3), Li-lka (7), Li- predicted that those identified as having psycho- May (46), Li-Ungwa (2), Ngilima (28), Uye (12). social problems would score more highly on the Of these, 50 women were categorised as having scale than those without. The mean score of those no psychosocial problems, and 50 as having psy- with psychosocial problems was 14.86 (sd=3.97) chosocial problems. The age of the respondents and for those without it was 9.38 (sd=3.46). This ranged from 18 to 76, with a mean of 37.8 (stan- difference was found to be significant 3; therefore dard deviation = 15.2). our prediction was supported. The psychological distress scale was able to distinguish between those Twenty-three of the women had no education; who had psychosocial problems and those who the educational level of the others ranged from did not. P1 right through to S6, with one woman having tertiary education. Sixteen respondents had sec- ondary education, and the median stage at which respondents’ education ended was P4. 3  T (df=98) = 7.36, p<.001 The women’s marital status is described below: • Married: 36 SUMMARY: The revised version of the psychological distress scale has acceptable internal • Co-habiting: 9 consistency and is able to distinguish between • Widowed: 20 women identified as having psychosocial problems and those identified as having no such problems. • Separated: 31 Therefore, the scale can be used with some confidence as a measure of psychological distress • Divorced: 4 with this population. • Single (never married/ co-habited): 0 18 B.  Social Connectedness C.  Empowerment Social connectedness was assessed by four separate Empowerment was assessed by three measures: measures: two measures of quantity of connections number of leadership positions held ; a measure (involvement in groups and participation in com- of behaviours indicating empowerment; and influ- munity activities) and two measures of quality of ence within the marital relationship. Assessment connections (confidence that people would help of internal consistency only applied to the sec- in a crisis, and support received from family and ond two. Cronbach’s alpha for the revised 5-item friends over the previous one month). Assessment ‘empowered behaviour’ scale was .76, and for the of internal consistency only applied to the two revised 7-item ‘marital influence’ scale it was .67, measures of quality of connections. Cronbach’s al- both of which indicated adequate-to-good internal pha for the revised ‘supportive relationships’ scale consistency. As an additional check on the ‘marital was .77, and for the ‘confidence in a crisis’ scale, it influence’ scale its relationship with the ‘domestic was .72. Both indicate good internal consistency. violence’ scale was explored. Those who are less empowered in their marriage were expected to re- It was predicted that involvement in groups and port higher levels of domestic violence, and this is, activities would be related (quantity of social con- in fact, what was found4. nections) and that experience of supportive rela- tionships and confidence that someone would The three measures of empowerment (‘empowered help in a crisis would be related (quality of social behaviour’, leadership and marital influence) were connections). Some relationship between quality expected to be related. In fact, none of these rela- and quantity of social connections was also expect- tionships were found to be statistically significant. ed, although it was difficult to predict what form The relationship between leadership roles and this would take. other forms of ‘empowered behaviour’ approached significance5, as did the relationship between lead- The results are summarised below: ership roles and marital influence6, but there was • Involvement in groups and community ac- no relationship between marital influence and tivities were significantly related to each other ‘empowered behaviour’. (r=.38, p=<.001), as expected. • Confidence that people would help out in a crisis was not significantly related to any of the 4  r=-.31, p=.04 other measures of social connectedness. This 5  r=.19, p=.06 is surprising; the expectation was that it would 6  r=.29, p=.06 be related to the amount of support received from others in the last month, if not all three other measures. This finding reduces confi- dence in this measure of social connectedness, SUMMARY: There is no relationship between the three measures of empowerment, which suggests and as more data is collected using this tool it they are measuring different aspects of women’s may be decided toremove this measure. lives. Those who are less empowered in their marriage were also found to report higher levels • Both measures of quantity of connections of domestic violence. The three measures were were related to the support received from oth- found to be internally consistent. They may be ers in the last month (Groups, r=.23, p=.02; measuring different aspects of women’s lives, which all contribute to empowerment but do Activities, r=.24, p=.01). This is as predicted; not form a single underlying concept. More data women who are more involved in community would be needed, and some qualitative study, to activities and groups would be expected to further explore the meaning of these variables. have more opportunities to develop support- However, all three appear to be reliable measures in themselves ive relationships. Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 19 Table 2. Summary of test-retest data for the Psychosocial Assessment tool. Time 1 Time 2 Pearson’s Significance N Mean (SD) Mean (SD) correlation (r) (probability) Social connectedness - Groups 22 2.27 (1.69) 1.91 (2.07) .68 <.001 Social connectedness - 22 3.05 (2.01) 2.73 (1.72) .80 <.001 Activities Social connectedness - 22 1.14 (1.52) 1.0 (1.20) .66 .001 Confidence in a crisis Social connectedness – 22 11.95 (4.50) 11.55 (4.68) .75 <.001 Supportive relationships Empowerment -behaviour 22 4.50 (3.11) 4.45 (2.87) .63 .002 Empowerment - Marital 10* 11.40 (3.10) 10.20 (4.32) .68 .03 influence Empowerment – leadership 22 0.23 (0.61) 0.14 (0.64) .65 .001 roles Psychological distress 22 10.45 (4.32) 10.95 (5.02) .13 .56 War events 22 8.91 (3.46) 8.59 (4.13) .75 <.001 Domestic violence 10* 6.17 (5.18) 8.18 (4.62) .60 .05 * The numbers here are lower because these sections only apply to married respondents D.  Test-Retest Stability logical distress, which had poor test-retest reliabil- ity. The mean score on the scale increased by 0.5 If very marked changes in scores were found over a between the first and second interview, and the short period of time, this would suggest problems reasons for this are unclear. When the individual with the assessment tool. Twenty-two respondents items making up the scale were explored, four of were randomly selected to be interviewed for a sec- the eight were found not to be correlated at first ond time, and were interviewed 2-3 days after the and second interview. The four are: first interview. The test-retest data for each section are shown in Table 2. 1. Do you cry frequently? The majority of sections had very good levels of 7. Do you often feel afraid? test-retest reliability, ranging from .60 to .807. The 8. Do you think a lot about bad things that high level of stability of responses to the questions have happened to you? in these sections over time indicates that the inter- 19. How much did emotional problems limit viewees understood the questions they were asked your daily activities? and responded in a consistent way. This increases confidence that the interview schedule will pro- These items have been found to have good test- vide reliable information about these aspects of retest reliability in other settings, so it is difficult psychosocial wellbeing. to explain why they did not in this pilot study. It could be that the translation of the items was un- The exception to this is the measure of psycho- clear, or that they were understood in a way differ- ently to that intended. The fact that women did not respond consistently to these items suggests that they were not well understood, or that there 7  The closer the ‘r’ is to 1, the more closely related respondents’ were other factors influencing accurate reporting. scores are at Time 1 and Time 2. 20 It would be necessary to carry out further study to A relatively low test-retest correlation was also understand this, especially since repeat interviews found for the section relating to domestic vio- were only conducted with 22 women. It should be lence, with mean scores increasing on the second noted that measures of ‘states’ (i.e. variables which occasion. Since domestic violence is typically un- commonly change over time, such as anxiety) are der-reported in surveys such as this, it is likely that commonly found to have lower levels of reliability the second time the research assistant met with the than are measures of more stable traits or abilities. respondent, more incidents of domestic violence were disclosed, as trust increased. Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 21 E. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The psychometric properties of the psychosocial Internal reliability was assessed for the five scales assessment tool are considered under the four aims included in the psychosocial assessment tool, and of the formal testing phase of the project. was found to range between .65 and .77 (mean internal consistency = .71). This finding that the Acceptability/ usability women interviewed responded consistently to Are the items appropriate/ readily understood? the questions suggests that they understood them (random responses would have suggested a lack of In general, items were appropriate and readily un- understanding and/ or a lack of engagement with derstood. There were minimal levels of missing the process). data. The test-retest data raises some doubts about whether four items from the measure of psycho- Test-retest reliability logical distress were clearly understood, but the fact Do people respond consistently to the measure as a that these items, and the scale as a whole, clearly whole? (Test-retest reliability) distinguishes between respondents categorised as having good psychosocial wellbeing and those One scale (psychological distress) had poor test- categorised as having poor psychosocial wellbeing retest reliability (r=.13); the test-retest reliability gives some confidence that they were understood, of the other nine sections assessed ranged between and that they measured what they were intended .60 and .80 (mean = .69). The high level of stabil- to measure. ity of responses over time indicates that the inter- viewees understood the questions they were asked Discriminant validity and responded in a consistent way. This increases Does the psychological distress scale distinguish be- confidence that the interview schedule will pro- tween those who are psychologically distressed and vide reliable information about psychosocial well- those who are not, as identified by key community being. The exception to this is the scale measuring members? psychological distress. Four items were found to have poor test-retest reliability, and it is difficult to Discriminant validity was evaluated by compar- explain this without further exploration. ing the scores on the psychological distress scale of women identified by community leaders as hav- Conclusion ing psychosocial problems, and those who had no The results of the pilot study indicate that the psy- such problems. It was predicted that those identi- chosocial assessment tool has good reliability and fied as having psychosocial problems would score validity with this population, although there are more highly on the scale than those without, and some concerns about two sub-scales: the ‘psycho- this was found to be the case. The psychological logical distress’ measure and the ‘confidence in a distress scale was able to distinguish between those crisis’ measure. However, even these two scales who have psychosocial problems and those who demonstrated good psychometric properties in all do not. but one aspect, so it is not recommended to re- Internal reliability move them at this stage. However, they should be used tentatively, and ideally a qualitative study Are the various scales internally consistent? would be conducted to explore the reasons for the 22 poor test-retest reliability of the psychological dis- expected to be related in some way, and this was tress scale, and the lack of relationship between the found not to be the case. ‘confidence in a crisis’ measure and the other mea- sures of social connectedness. In summary, the tool is recommended for use as a measure of psychosocial wellbeing of women in It is also recommended that the lack of relation- the north-eastern part of DRC, but the properties ship between the ‘empowerment’ sub-scales is ex- of the sub-scales identified above should continue plored further. Each ‘empowerment’ measure has to be explored. good psychometric properties, but they would be Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 23 F. REFERENCES Abramsky, T., Francisco, L., Kiss, L., Michau, L., Musuya, T., Kaye, D. et al. (2010). SASA! Baseline Report London and Kampala: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and Raising Voices. Annan,J.; Blattman,C.; Carlson,K. & Mazurana,D. (2008) The State of Female Youth in Northern Uganda: Findings from the Survey of War Affected Youth (Phase II) Uganda: SWAY (www.sway- uganda.org) Annan, J. & Brier, M. (2010). The risk of return: Intimate partner violence in Northern Uganda’s armed conflict. Social Science and Medicine, 70, 152-159. Betancourt, T.S.; Bass,J.; Borisova,I.; Neugebauer,R.; Speelman,L.; Onyango,G. & Bolton,P. (2009) As- sessing local instrument reliability and validity: a field-based example from northern Uganda Soc Psychiatry Psychiat Epidemiology DOI 10.1007/s00127-008-0475-1 Bass, J. K., Neugebauer, R., Clougherty, K. F., Verdeli, H., Wickramaratne, P., Ndogoni, L. et al. (2006). Group interpersonal psychotherapy for depression in rural Uganda: six-month outcomes. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 567-573. Bolton, P. (2001a). Cross-cultural validity and reliability testing of a standard psychiatric assessment in- strument without a gold standard. The Journal Of Nervous And Mental Disease, 189, 238-242. Bolton, P. (2001b). Local perceptions of the mental health effects of the Rwandan genocide. The Journal Of Nervous And Mental Disease, 189, 243-249. Bolton, P., Bass, J., Betancourt, T., Speelman, L., Onyango, G., Clougherty, K. F. et al. (2007). Interven- tions for depression symptoms among adolescent survivors of war and displacement in northern Uganda: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 298, 519- 527. Bolton, P., Wilk, C., & Ndogoni, L. (2004). Assessment of depression prevalence in rural Uganda using symptom and function criteria. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39, 442-447. Deacon, Z. & Sullivan, C. (2010). An ecological examination of rural Mozambican women’s attainment of postwar wellbeing. Journal of Community Psychology, 38, 115-130. Fernando, G. A. (2008). Assessing Mental Health and Psychosocial Status in Communities Exposed to Traumatic Events: Sri Lanka as an Example. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78, 229-239. Hart, J., Galappatti, A., Boyden, J., & Armstrong, M. (2007). Participatory tools for evaluating psycho- 24 social work with children in areas of armed conflict: A pilot in eastern Sri Lanka. Intervention, 5, 41-60. Hubbard, J. & Miller, K. E. (2004). Evaluating Ecological Mental Health Interventions in Refugee Com- munities. In K.Miller & L.Rasco (Ed.), The Mental Health of Refugees (pp. 337-374). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. Lopes Cardozo, B. L., Bilukha, O. O., Gotway, C. A., Wolfe, M. I., Gerber, M. L., & Anderson, M. (2005). Mental Health of Women in Postwar Afghanistan. Journal of Women’s Health, 14, 285- 293. Miller, K. E., Omidian, P., Quraishy, A. S., Quraishy, N., Nasiry, M. N., Nasiry, S. et al. (2006). The Afghan symptom checklist: A culturally grounded approach to mental health assessment in a conflict zone. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76, 423-433. Pronyk,P.M.; Hargreaves,J.R.; Kim,J.C.; Morison,L.A.; Phetla,G.; Watts,C.; Busza,J. & Porter,J.D.H. (2006) Effect of a structural intervention for the prevention of intimate-partner violence and HIV in rural South Africa: a cluster randomised trial The Lancet 368, 1973-83 Psychosocial Working Group (2003) Psychosocial Intervention in Complex Emergencies: A Framework for Practice PWG: Edinburgh Roberts, B., Damundu, E. Y., Lomoro, O., & Sondorp, E. (2010). The influence of demographic charac- teristics, living conditions, and trauma exposure on the overall health of a conflict-affected popula- tion in Southern Sudan. BMC Public Health, 10. Sideris, T. (2003). War, gender and culture: Mozambican women refugees. Social Science and Medicine, 56, 713-724. Titeca,K., Vassenroot,K. & Wissing,M. (2013) A life of fear and flight: The legacy of LRA brutality in north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo UNHCR & IDMC/ NRC Verduin,F.; Scholte,W.; Rutayisire,T. & Richters,A. (2010) How qualitative information helped to shape quantitative research instruments in Rwanda. Intervention8 (3), 233-244 Wilks, C. M. & Bolton, P. (2002). Local perceptions of the mental health effects of the Uganda acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. The Journal Of Nervous And Mental Disease, 190, 394- 397. Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 25 H. ANNEXES 1. Schedule of activities 2. Research tools for qualitative study (Phase 1) 3. Policies and practical guidelines 4. Code of Conduct (English) 5. Code of Conduct (French) 6. Informed consent for Phase 1 7. Summary of findings from the qualitative study (Phase 1) 8. Draft assessment tool for testing (English) 9. Draft assessment tool for testing (French) 10. Draft assessment tool for testing (Lingala) 11. Preparation of database 12. Review and revision of items 13. Final version of psychosocial wellbeing assessment tool (English) 14. Data entry and database preparation guide 26 " Annex 1 Schedule of activities +99.V!M=!);0.2<3.!1I!B;/8G8/8.:! " $-4(7(4,! 4$%9%!()7/07#3! 3$4#%! " +'#0("()$',! #$&*G2."L"*$F$'*&/$*F"'+A")+$".$'T"3$'A$*?"" +.$%#!:8!;&$0(4$4(7#!%4&3," !Hc,@"0GB" '#"/4#!4'$()()*! #("B2P$F".$'T"3$'A$*"2+S)*T'.2)+"'+A"$]$*&2F$F".)"&)T13$.$a" ,-!@" /5!4#$"!0#$3#'! G+.23"T$./)A)3)BC"S)*"R/'F$"!"2F"SG33C"B*'F1$A?" ,Lc,Q"0GB" 4'$()()*!/5! K2F&GFF"'+A"A$S2+$"N$C"&)+&$1.F?""9*'2+"2+"T$./)A)3)B2$F"o" '#%#$'-.! 2+&3GA2+B"1*'&.2&$"F$FF2)+F?" $%%(%4$)4%! ()(4($0!-/""&)(4,! Z*)G1F"A2F&GFF2)+F"Y2./U" ,X"0GBc!"<$1." *'/&+!3(%-&%%(/)%! '` 7)TTG+2.C"3$'A$*F" %` Z$+$*'3"&)TTG+2.C"T$T%$*F" &` =$T%$*F")S"Y)T$+bF"B*)G1F" -$%#!%4&3,! :+A2P2AG'3"2+.$*P2$YF".)"2A$+.2SCU"F2B+F"'+A"&'GF$F")S" ()4#'7(#1%"_,-"T$+" 1FC&/)F)&2'3"A2F.*$FF?" '+A",-"Y)T$+`" 5'##0(%4()*! [/'."'*$"./$"+)*T'3"./2+BF"'"Y)T'+"2F"$]1$&.$A".)"A)"2+"./2F" ()4#'7(#1%"_'11*)]" &)TTG+2.Ch" \-"1$)13$"o"T$+"'+A" [/'."'*$"./$"N2+AF")S"./2+BF"./'."Y)**C"1$)13$"2+"./2F" Y)T$+`! &)TTG+2.Ch" ,c,!"<$1." 4'$)%0$4(/)!/5! K'.'"S*)T"B*)G1"A2F&GFF2)+Fa"S*$$32F.2+B"'+A"&'F$"F.GAC" +.$%#!:!3$4$! 2+.$*P2$YF".)"%$".*'+F3'.$A"'+A"F$+.".)"#(" ,!c,4"<$1." 3#7#0/+!3'$54! #(".)"A)"*$T).$3Ca"%'F$A")+"A'.'"&)33$&.$Aa"'+A")./$*"F&'3$F" %-$0#%! )%.'2+$A?" ,H"<$1."o"!H" '#7(#1!/5!3'$54! 9/$"*$F$'*&/".$'T"T$$.".)"*$P2$Y"./$"A*'S."F&'3$F"'+A"FGBB$F." J&." %-$0#%" &/'+B$Fg"*$P2F2)+F?" 9/$".$'T"3$'A$*"2A$+.2S2$F"N$C"2+S)*T'+.F"_1$)13$" N+)Y3$AB$'%3$"'%)G."1FC&/)F)&2'3"Y$33%$2+B"2+"./2F"&)+.$].`" '+A"T$$.F"Y2./"./$T"2+"B*)G1F")*"'F"2+A2P2AG'3F".)"*$P2$Y"./$" A*'S."F&'3$F"'+A"FGBB$F."&/'+B$Fg"*$P2F2)+F?" !Hc!L"J&." '#7(%(/)!/5!3'$54! #("*$P2F$F"A*'S."F&'3$F"%'F$A")+"S$$A%'&N"S*)T"*$F$'*&/".$'T?" %-$0#%! !\c,4"J&." 4'$)%0$4(/)!$)3! 9*'+F3'.$A"2+.)"E*$+&/"'+A"%'&Nc.*'+F3'.$A"2+.)"5+B32F/"%C" 2$-9<4'$)%0$4(/)! F)T$)+$"+)."2+P)3P$A"2+"./$"1*)O$&."G1".)"+)Y?" +.$%#!=8!()5/'"$0!4#%4()*!/5!3'$54!$%%#%%"#)4!4//0" %"$00<%-$0#!+(0/4! 9*'2+2+B")S"*$F$'*&/"'FF2F.'+.F"2+"./$"'AT2+2F.*'.2)+")S"./$".))3" ,Qc@-"J&." $)3!'#7(%#! 5'&/"#0"'AT2+2F.$*F"./$"2+.$*P2$Y".)"H"1$)13$"2+"./$2*"/)T$" @!"J&.c,"I)P" '*$'F"Y2./"./$"'2T")S"B$..2+B"S$$A%'&N")+"./$"2.$TFa"*$F1)+F$" S)*T'.Fa"'+A")P$*'33"&)+.$+.")S"./$"2+.$*P2$Y"F&/$AG3$?" E$$A%'&N".*'+F3'.$A"'+A"$T'23$A".)"#(" @c,!"I)P" #("*$P2F$F"'FF$FFT$+.".))3a"*$'AC"S)*"S)*T'3".$F.2+B" ,,c,@"I)P" 9*'+F3'.2)+")S"./$"*$P2F$A"'FF$FFT$+.".))3" ,4"I)Pc!L"K$&" " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo " Report of a Pilot Study 27 " " +.$%#!>8!5/'"$0!4#%4()*!/5!3'$54!$%%#%%"#)4!4//0" !? 9*'2+2+B")S"*$F$'*&/"'FF2F.'+.F".)"'AT2+2F.$*"*$P2F$A" !4c!H"='*&/" 0$'*#'!+(0/4".)" 'FF$FFT$+.".))3" ,-!4" $F.'%32F/"*$32'%232.C" '+A"P'32A2.C")S"./$" ,? :A$+.2SC"N$C"2+S)*T'+.F"2+"123)."F2.$"Y/)"&'+"2A$+.2SC" !Lc,,"='*&/" A*'S.".))3?" Y)T$+"2+"./$"&)TTG+2.C"Y/)"&3$'*3C"/'P$"'"1FC&/)3)B2&'3" 1*)%3$T"'+A"./)F$"Y/)"&3$'*3C"A)"+).?" K$P$3)1"32F.")S"H-"Y)T$+"2+"$'&/"&'.$B)*C" 7'*2.'F"1FC&/)3)B2F."'+A"=EK".$'T"3$'A$*"&)+S2*T"./'." Y)T$+"/'P$"%$$+"&)**$&.3C"&'.$B)*2F$A?" @? M32+A"2+.$*P2$Y2+B")S"./)F$"Y/)"A)g"A)"+)."/'P$" 1FC&/)3)B2&'3"1*)%3$TF" 4? #$1$'."2+.$*P2$YF"Y2./"'"F'T13$")S",4"*'+A)T3C"F$3$&.$A" Y)T$+?" H? K'.'"$+.$*$A"'+A"&/$&N$Aa"'+A"$T'23$A".)"#(" ,\"='*&/c4" 01*23" L? K'.'"'+'3CF$A"%C"#$%$&&'"'+A".))3"S2+'32F$A?" Hc66"01*23"" " " " 28 " " Annex 2 Research tools for qualitative study (Phase 1) " +99.V!R=!,.:.BD;0!/113:!I1D!W)G"TGF."&)T13C"Y2./" 9/$"7)A$"2+"%)./"3$..$*"'+A"F12*2.?":B+)*'+&$")S"9/$"7)A$"Y233"+)."$]&GF$"C)G"S*)T"2.F" *$^G2*$T$+.F?"<$$N"BG2A'+&$"S)*"Y/'.$P$*"^G$F.2)+F"C)G"T'C"/'P$?" • E)33)Y"./$"3'Y"Y/$*$P$*"C)G"'*$"'+A"2+"'33"&2*>F.'+&$F?" • I$P$*"$+B'B$"2+"%$/'P2)*"./'."/'*TF"./$"*$1G.'.2)+")S"./$"'FF$FFT$+.".$'T?" • <)T$"F2.G'.2)+F"T'C"F$$T"'T%2BG)GF?"5]$*&2F$"&'G.2)+"Y/$+"C)G"/$'*"C)G*F$3S")*"F)T$)+$" $3F$"F'Ca"v5P$*C%)AC"A)$F"2.aw"vI)")+$"Y233"$P$*"N+)Yaw")*"v:."Y)+b."T'..$*"2+"./$"$+A?w" 9/$F$"'*$"F2B+F".)"F.)1a"./2+N"./2+BF"./*)GB/"'+A"F$$N"BG2A'+&$?"83.2T'.$3Ca"C)G"'*$" *$F1)+F2%3$"S)*">J8#"'&.2)+F?" • >)G"'*$")%32B$A".)"*$1)*."P2)3'.2)+Fa"'+A"FGF1$&.$A"P2)3'.2)+Fa")S"9/$"7)A$?"9/2F"2+&3GA$F" F2.G'.2)+F"Y/$*$"'"FG1$*P2F)*")*"'"&)33$'BG$"'FNF"C)G".)"P2)3'.$"9/$"7)A$?":+"'33"&'F$Fa"./$*$" Y233"%$"+)"*$.'32'.2)+"S)*"T'N2+B"'+C"*$1)*.Fa"'+A"$P$*C"$SS)*."Y233"%$"T'A$".)"T'2+.'2+" &)+S2A$+.2'32.C?" • >)G"&'+"*$1)*."P2)3'.2)+F")S"9/$"7)A$".)"C)G*"FG1$*P2F)*?" • >)G"'*$")%32B$A".)"&))1$*'.$"Y2./"2+P$F.2B'.2)+F"2+.)"P2)3'.2)+F")S"9/$"7)A$"'+A"TGF." '3Y'CF"%$".*G./SG3"'+A"S)*./&)T2+B"2+"./$"&)G*F$")S"./$F$"2+P$F.2B'.2)+F?" " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 35 " " " >6!-DNF!DS!-DHNTJI!?4QF!-DNF@! $6!+FGODHLM!-DHNTJI!LHN!+GDSFOOKDHLM!(HIFUGKIW! =$T%$*F")S"./$"'FF$FFT$+.".$'T"TGF."'&."Y2./"/)+$F.Ca"2+.$B*2.C"'+A")1$++$FF"2+"'33"./$2*"A$'32+BF" 'F"*$1*$F$+.'.2P$F")S"./$"1*)O$&.?"">)G"F/)G3AU" • 9*$'."&)33$'BG$F"'+A"1'*.2&21'+.F"1*)S$FF2)+'33C"'+A"Y2./"&)G*.$FC"'+A"*$F1$&.f" • 0P)2A"'+C"'&.2)+"Y/2&/"T'C"%$"P2$Y$A"'F"/'*'FFT$+.a"P$*%'3")*"1/CF2&'3"'%GF$f" • 0P)2A"%$/'P2)*"./'."T'C"&*$'.$"'+"'.T)F1/$*$")S"/)F.232.C")*"2+.2T2A'.2)+f" • K)"+)."$+B'B$"2+"'+C"233$B'3"'&.2P2.Cf" • 0P)2A"./$"'%GF$")S"'3&)/)3")*"&)+.*)33$A"FG%F.'+&$F"Y/23F."$+B'B$A")+"./2F"1*)O$&.?" " 26!-DHSKNFHIKLMKIW!LHN!NKOJMDOTGF!DS!KHSDGBLIKDH! • 5+FG*$"./'."1'*.2&21'+.F"B2P$"2+S)*T$A"&)+F$+.".)"./$2*"2+P)3P$T$+."2+"./$"'FF$FFT$+." • 033"2+S)*T'.2)+"&)33$&.$A"2+"./$"&)G*F$")S"C)G*"Y)*N"TGF."%$"F'S$BG'*A$Aa"'+A"TGF."+)."%$" F/'*$A"Y2./"'+C%)AC")G.F2A$"./$"1*)O$&.?"" • K)"+)."T'N$"&)12$F")S"'+C")S"./$"A'.'"&)33$&.2)+"S)*TFa")*"N$$1"'+C"*$&)*A")S"./$Ta")./$*" ./'+"./)F$"*$^G2*$A"S)*"./$"*$F$'*&/"1*)O$&.?" • K)"+)."GF$"&)+S2A$+.2'3"2+S)*T'.2)+".)"'..$T1.".)"2A$+.2SC")*"T'N$"G+'G./)*2F$A"&)+.'&." Y2./"'+C"2+A2P2AG'3a")*"1*)P2A$"2+S)*T'.2)+".)"'+)./$*"1$*F)+"S)*"./)F$"1G*1)F$F?" • J%F$*P$"&)+S2A$+.2'32.C"1*)&$AG*$Fa"2+&3GA2+B"2+"&'FG'3"&)+P$*F'.2)+"Y2./")./$*F"2+"./$" 'FF$FFT$+.".$'T?" " -6!%FXTLM!LVTOF!LHN!FXCMDKILIKDH! • 5]&/'+B$")S"T)+$Ca"$T13)CT$+.a"B))AF")*"F$*P2&$F"S)*"F$]a"2+&3GA2+B"F$]G'3"S'P)G*F")*")./$*" S)*TF")S"/GT232'.2+Ba"A$B*'A2+B")*"$]13)2.'.2P$"%$/'P2)G*"2F"1*)/2%2.$A?"" • <$]G'3"'&.2P2.C"Y2./"&/23A*$+"_1$*F)+F"G+A$*"./$"'B$")S"!Q`"2F"1*)/2%2.$A?""=2F.'N$+"%$32$S"2+" ./$"'B$")S"'"&/23A"2F"+)."'+"$]&GF$?" " 36!&OF!DS!CGDYFJI!LOOFIO! • >)G"T'C"+)."GF$"1*)O$&."'FF$.F"S)*"C)G*")Y+"1$*F)+'3"%$+$S2.")*"./$"%$+$S2.")S"'+C)+$")./$*" ./'+"./$"1*)O$&.?" • >)G"F/)G3A"*$S*'2+"S*)T"A'T'B2+B"1*)O$&."1*)1$*.C")*"GF2+B"2."2+"'+"2+'11*)1*2'.$"T'++$*?" " Z6!3KOJKCMKHLGW!$JIKDHO! 9/$"1*)O$&."3$'A$*"Y233".'N$"'11*)1*2'.$"A2F&2132+'*C"'&.2)+"S)*"P2)3'.2)+F")S"9/$"7)A$a"2+&3GA2+B" .$*T2+'.2)+"Y2./)G."1'CT$+.?" " Z6!%KUHLITGF!LHN!$J[HDEMFNUBFHI! :"&$*.2SC"./'.":"/'P$"*$'A"'+A"G+A$*F.'+A"./$"7)A$")S"7)+AG&."'+A"'B*$$".)"&)T13C"Y2./"2.a" " xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"_R*2+.$A"I'T$`" " xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"_<2B+'.G*$`""""xxxxxxxxxxxxxx"_K'.$`" " " 36 " Annex 5 Code of Conduct (French) +99.V![=!$12.!1I!$192<;/!X7D.9;0Y! -/3#!3#!2/))#!-/)3&(4#!3#!0A#7$0&$4(/)!+%,-./%/-($0#! " R)G*"T'2+.$+2*"3$F"+)*T$F"3$F"13GF"y3$Py$F"A$"&)+AG2.$a"$."1)G*"+)GF"1$*T$..*$"A$"1*)&yA$*"z"G+$" yP'3G'.2)+"1*y&2F$"$."F$+F2%3$"A$F"^G$F.2)+F"^G2".)G&/$+."3$F"S$TT$F"A'+F"3'"*yB2)+"A$"KG+BG"$." $+P2*)+a"+)GF"'33)+F"*$F1$&.$*"3$"&)A$"A$"&)+AG2.$"FG2P'+.?" :6!#HDHJ\!!NFO!RLMFTGO! " 9)G."&)A$"A$"%)++$"&)+AG2.$"*$1)F$"FG*"G+"F)&3$"A$"P'3$G*F"1'*.'By$F?"W$F"P'3$G*F"A$"&$"1*)O$." AqyP'3G'.2)+"F)+."3$F"FG2P'+.F"U" • 9)GF"3$F"$+S'+.F"$."3$F"'AG3.$F"F)+."A$"P'3$G*"yB'3$f" • Wq2+&3GF2)+"$."3'"OGF.2&$"F)&2'3$f" • W$"*$F1$&."AG"13G*'32FT$"$."A$"3'"A2P$*F2.yf" • 9*'+F1'*$+&$a"2+.yB*2.y"$."/)++{.$.yf" • W'"B$F.2)+"*$F1)+F'%3$"A$F"*$FF)G*&$F"$.a" • "5+B'B$T$+."z"3q$]$*&2&$"A$"+)F"*$F1)+F'%232.yF"'G"T2$G]"A$"+)F"&'1'&2.yF?" 7$F"P'3$G*F")+."BG2Ay"3qy3'%)*'.2)+"AG"7)A$"A$"%)++$""&)+AG2.$?"W$"&)A$"A$"%)++$"&)+AG2.$"A$P*'2." '2A$*"z"BG2A$*"P).*$"&)T1)*.$T$+.".)G."$+B'By"FG*"&$"1*)O$."AqyP'3G'.2)+?"9)G.$S)2Fa"1'*&$"^Gq23" +q$F."1'F"1)FF2%3$"Aqy+)+&$*"G+"&)A$"A$"%)++$"&)+AG2.$".)G.c2+&3GF")G"$]/'GF.2P$a"P)GF"{.$F"&$+FyF" G.232F$*"P).*$"%)+"OGB$T$+."1)G*"F$"&)+S)*T$*"z"3q$F1*2."$."3'"3$..*$"AG"&)A$"A'+F".)G.$F"3$F" ^G$F.2)+F"+)+"'%)*Ay$F?" ! =6!7DIGF!GFOCDHOLVKMKI\! • :3"$F."A$"P).*$"*$F1)+F'%232.y"A$"32*$"$."A$"&)T1*$+A*$"3$"&)A$"A$"%)++$"&)+AG2.$?";)GF" A$P$d"*$F1$&.$*"3$"&)A$"$+"3'"3$..*$"$."3q$F1*2.?"Wq2B+)*'+&$"AG"&)A$"+$"P)GF"$]&GF$d""1'F"A$" F$F"$]2B$+&$F?"K$T'+A$d"&)+F$23"z".)G.$F"3$F"^G$F.2)+F"^G$"P)GF"1)G**2$d"'P)2*?" • 6!-DNF!NF!VDHHF!!-DHNTKIF!! $6!-DHNTKIF!CFGODHHFMMF!!FI!KHI\UGKI\!CGDSFOOKDHHFMMF! W$F"T$T%*$F"A$"3qy^G21$"AqyP'3G'.2)+"A)2P$+."'B2*"'P$&"/)++{.$.ya"2+.yB*2.y"$."".*'+F1'*$+&$"A'+F" .)G.$F"3$G*F"*$3'.2)+F"$+".'+."^G$"*$1*yF$+.'+.F"AG"1*)O$.?";)GF"A$P$dU" • 9*'2.$*"3$F"&)33ÇBG$F"$."3$F"1'*.2&21'+.F"'P$&"1*)S$FF2)++'32FT$"$."&)G*.)2F2$"$."*$F1$&.f" • ÉP2.$*".)G.$"'&.2)+"^G2"1$G."{.*$"&)+F2Ay*y$"&)TT$""/'*&Ç3$T$+.a""P2)3$+&$"P$*%'3$")G" 1/CF2^G$f" • "ÉP2.$d"3$F"&)T1)*.$T$+.F"^G2"1$GP$+."&*y$*"G+$"'.T)F1/Ç*$"Aq/)F.232.y")G"Aq2+.2T2A'.2)+f" • I$"1'F"F$"32P*$*"z"G+$"'&.2P2.y"233yB'3$f" • ÉP2.$d"3q'%GF"Aq'3&))3")G"A$"FG%F.'+&$F"&)+.*Ñ3y$F".)G."$+"1'*.2&21'+."z"&$"1*)O$.?" 26!-DHSKNFHIKLMKI\!!FI!NKRTMULIKDH!NF!MAKHSDGBLIKDH!!! • *$&+/'+9-* " " ! ! Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo " Report of a Pilot Study 39 " Annex 7 Summary of findings from qualitative study " (Phase 1) +99.V!]=!)^@! ! 0F/'T$A" ,L" K)$F+b."32N$".)"3))N"'."1$)13$"2+"S'&$" \" E$$3F"3$FF"2T1)*.'+."./'+")./$*F" ," 1(4.3'$1$0!?_`@! ! <.'CF"'3)+$g"2F)3'.$A" ,@" K)$F+b."Y'+.".)".'3N".)"1$)13$" !Q" <.'CF"'Y'C"S*)T"B*)G1F")S"1$)13$" L" M$32$P$F"1$)13$"'*$"'S*'2A")S"/$*" 4" #$SGF$F".)"$'." !," [)G3A+b."$'."Y2./")./$*F" @" #$SGF$F"F$]G'3"*$3'.2)+F/21Fg"T'**2'B$" 4" $)*#'!?>a@! ! 0+B*C"^G2&N3Cg"$'F23C" !X" 0BB*$FF2P$" !," R*)P)N$F"S2B/.Fg"'*BGT$+.F" @" 8+N2+A" H" $7/(3$)-#!?:^@! ! 0P)2AF"&$*.'2+"13'&$Fg"1$)13$"%$&'GF$"./$C"*$T2+A")S"%'A"$P$+.F"" X" #$SGF$F".)"$'."T$'." L" 5#$'!?:>@! ! 0S*'2A")S"1$)13$" Q" <.'*.3$A"'."+)2F$" H" '##b+#'(#)-()*!?a@! ! 9/2+N2+B"'"3)." \" I2B/.T'*$F"" ," 3/#%)A4!-$'#!$2/&4!%#05!?:>@! ! K)$F+b."Y'F/g".'N$"&'*$")S"/$*F$3S")*"&3)./$F" X" ('F"F$]"Y2./"'+C%)AC" ," I)."'S*'2A")S"'+C./2+B" ," " ! ! 40 " %(*)%!/5!1#002#()*! +/%(4(7#!%(*)%! ! %DJKLM!! " ='**2$Ag"/'F"&/23A*$+" !@" 7))1$*'.$F"Y$33"Y2./")./$*F" !-" 9'3NF"Y2./")./$*F" \" W2N$F".)"F1$+A".2T$"Y2./"1$)13$" H" =$T%$*")S"'+"'FF)&2'.2)+g"2+P)3P$A"2+"&/G*&/"_F)&2'3"&)++$&.2)+F`" 4" Z))A"*$3'.2)+F/21F"Y2./"S'T23C"'+A"+$2B/%)G*F" ," ['3NF"'*)G+A"&)TTG+2.C"S*$$3C"'+A"&)TS)*.'%3C" ," $JQKFRFBFHI! " [)*NF"_%GF2+$FF`" Q" <.GA2$F" \" +FGODHLM!JLGF! " 5'.F"Y$33" 4" K*$FF$F"Y$33g"N$$1F"F$3S"&3$'+" @" 7))NF"Y$33" ," -DHSKNFHJF! " W))NF"'."1$)13$"A2*$&.3C" @" M*'P$" ," " 5$-4/'%!-/)4'(2&4()*!4/!3(%4'#%%!?KH!CGKDGKIW!DGNFG@! )! 7)F.")S"$AG&'.2)+" ,!" R)P$*.C" ,!" 7)F.")S"/$'3./"&'*$" ,-" 7/'33$+B$F"Y2./"&G3.2P'.2)+" !Q" E$'*")S"W#0g"E0#K7" !\" ='*2.'3"1*)%3$TF" !4" <$]G'3"P2)3$+&$" !," W'&N")S"'&&$FF".)"3'+A" !!" W'&N")S"S))A" X" R*)%3$TF"*$3'.$A".)"/GT'+2.'*2'+"'2A" X" 0&&$FF".)"Y'.$*" L" W'&N")S"T'.$*2'3"B))AF" L" E3))A2+B" H" I)"$T1)Y$*T$+." H" 8+Y'+.$A"1*$B+'+&C" H" 5'*3C"T'**2'B$" 4" :+.$*1$*F)+'3"1*)%3$TF" 4" 9))"TG&/"*$F1)+F2%232.C" 4" 03&)/)3" @" W'+A"&)+S32&." @" 0%'+A)+$A"%C"T'+" ," (:;" ," :+F.'%232.C" ," Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 41 W'&N")S"$T13)CT$+." ," W'&N")S"/$'3./"&'*$"S'&232.2$F" ," 8+Y'+.$A"1*$B+'+&C" H" 5'*3C"T'**2'B$" 4" :+.$*1$*F)+'3"1*)%3$TF" 4" 9))"TG&/"*$F1)+F2%232.C" 4" 03&)/)3" @" W'+A"&)+S32&." @" 0%'+A)+$A"%C"T'+" ," (:;" ," :+F.'%232.C" ," W'&N")S"$T13)CT$+." ," W'&N")S"/$'3./"&'*$"S'&232.2$F" ," W'&N")S"F/$3.$*" ," R*)%3$TF"Y2./"&/23A*$+" ," 0%AG&.2)+")S"&/23A*$+" !" " " 42 Z2*3F"+$B3$&.$A" !" W'&N")S"$3$&.*2&2.C" !" <2&N+$FF" !" " %/-($0!-/))#-4#3)#%%! "FBVFGOQKC!DS!UGDTCO! • 0B*2&G3.G*'3")*B'+2F'.2)+" • [)T$+bF"E)*GT" • e#2F.)G*+$g32N$3$T%'b"B*)G1F"_*).'.2+B"&*$A2.`" • E'T23C"'FF)&2'.2)+F" • 0FF)&2'.2)+")S"Y2A)YF" • M*$$A$*F"0FF)&2'.2)+" • 7/G*&/"B*)G1"o"F2+B2+B" • 7/G*&/"B*)G1"o"Y$3&)T2+B" • 7/G*&/"B*)G1"o"1*'C$*" • 7/G*&/"B*)G1"o")./$*"sA$F&*2%$t" • <1)*.F"'FF)&2'.2)+" (HRDMRFBFHI!KH!JDBBTHKIW!LJIKRKIKFO! • 7)TTG+'3"S'*T2+B" • 7)TTG+2.C"T$$.2+BF".)"*$F)3P$"&)+S32&.F" • ='2+.$+'+&$")S"F.*$$.F" • ='2+.$+'+&$")S"Y'.$*"F)G*&$" • =G.G'3"&)+F.*G&.2)+")S"/)GF$F" • E'T23C"T$$.2+BF" • 0"T$$.2+B".)"&)+.*2%G.$".)"F)T$%)AC"2+"+$$A" 2FQLRKDTGO!KHNKJLIKHU!ODJKLM!JDHHFJIFNHFOO! • ;2F2.F")./$*F"2+"./$"$P$+2+B" • k$$1F"F.)*2$F")S")./$*"&)+S2A$+.2'3" • W$+A2+Bg"%)**)Y2+B"./2+BF"32N$"F'3."'+A"F)'1" • )G"&'+"A$&2A$"+).".)"'+FY$*"./$"$+.2*$"FG*P$Ca")*"C)G" &'+".$33"GF"Y/$+"'"^G$F.2)+"T'N$F"C)G"G+&)TS)*.'%3$"'+A"Y$"Y233"FN21"./'."^G$F.2)+?"9/$*$"2F"+)" +$$A".)"'+FY$*"'+C"^G$F.2)+"./'."T'N$F"C)G"G+&)TS)*.'%3$?":S"C)G"32N$a"C)G"&'+"$+A"./$"2+.$*P2$Y" '."'+C".2T$"'+A"./2F"Y233"+)."'SS$&."'+C"'FF2F.'+&$"C)G"B$."S*)T"'+C")*B'+2F'.2)+?"" <7"9:3%"1:#>&"033"C)G*"'+FY$*F"Y233"%$"N$1."1*2P'.$"'+A"&)+S2A$+.2'3a"'+A"./$")+3C"1$)13$"./'."Y233" /'P$"'&&$FF".)"./2F"2+S)*T'.2)+"'*$"./$"3$'A"*$F$'*&/$*F"S)*"./2F"F.GAC?" <7"1#<1&":S"C)G"/'P$"'+C"^G$F.2)+Fa")*"2S"1*)%3$TF"'*2F$a"C)G"T'C"&)+.'&."5.2$++$"=%'3$a"7'*2.'F" 1FC&/)3)B2F.a")*"B)"A2*$&.3C".)"./$"7'*2.'F")SS2&$"2+"KG+BG?"" ='C"Y$"/'P$"C)G*"1$*T2FF2)+".)"'FN"./$F$"^G$F.2)+Fa"'+A"'*$"C)G"Y2332+B".)"1'*.2&21'.$h"",FOc!)D" :?!@+AB.(C+(-!3%<>:"%0!17!5#61:<:5#1%&"[/Ch"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" :?!@+AB.(C+(-!)D@++A!-.!E.*BF+-+!GH+A-I.(()I@+J!-K+!I(-+@LI+/+@!AK.HFC!AID(!M+F./!)(C!E.(-I(H+N!! ! " :"&)+S2*T":"/'P$"B2P$+"'33"./$"2+S)*T'.2)+"'%)P$".)"./$"*$F1)+A$+.a"'+A"F/$"/'F"'B*$$A".)" 1'*.2&21'.$?" <2B+'.G*$")S"2+.$*P2$Y$*U"uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu" Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 45 44" " " !3D!HDI!LO[!IQFOF!dTFOIKDHO!ID!IQF!GFOCDHNFHI6!! 0!?"K'.$"g"92T$")S"2+.$*P2$YU" 0?"_KKg==g>>`"áxxáxxágáxxáxxágáxxáxxá" "" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""M?"_,4"/*"&3)&N`" áxxáxxá"U"áxxáxxá" 0,?":+.$*P2$Y$*":K"g"E2*F."+'T$U" 0?"áxxáxxá"g"M?"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" 0@?"0*$"C)G"FGF12&2)GF"./'."./$"Y)T'+"C)G"'*$"2+.$*P2$Y2+B"2F"+)."./$")+$"Y$"F)GB/."S)*"'+" 2+.$*P2$Yh"" áxxá" " !"i"I)."'."'33"FGF12&2)GF"" @"i"=)A$*'.$3C"$Fa"-iI)`" "" :?!"7J!B.FI-+FT!)AU!-.!M+!)FF./+C!-.!I(-+@LI+/!-K+!@+AB.(C+(-!)F.(+N!!0-@+AA!-K)-!-K+!I(-+@LI+/!IA! B@IL)-+!)(C!E.(?IC+(-I)FN! " " ! ! " " 46 " ! ! #$F1)+A$+.":K" +)?" ! ! 26 2$-9*'/&)3!()5/'"$4(/)! " M!?"[/'."2F"C)G*"'B$h" " " " " " " " C$'*F"áxxxáxxxá"" " M,?"[/'."2F"C)G*"&G**$+."T'*2.'3"F.'.GFh""" " " " " " :xxx:" !"i"7G**$+.3C"T'**2$A" " 4"i"<$1'*'.$A"" ,"i"7G**$+.3C"32P2+B"Y2./"'"T'+" H"i"K2P)*&$A" @"i"[2A)Y$A" " " L"i"I$P$*"T'**2$Ag"+$P$*"32P$A"Y2./"'"T'+" " \iJ./$*"T'*2.'3"F.'.GF"sA$F&*2%$t"uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu??" " M@?"[/)"2F"./$"/$'A")S"./$"/)GF$/)3Ah"" " " " " " " áxxxá" " !i:+.$*P2$Y$$" " ,i(GF%'+Ag"R'*.+$*" " @iJ./$*" ! M4?"0."./2F".2T$a"Y/'."2F"./$"/2B/$F."3$P$3")S"$AG&'.2)+"C)G"/'P$"*$'&/$Ah"" " " áxxxá" " !"i"R!" H"i"RH" X"i"<," !@"i"$Fa"-iI)t" áxxxá" " ML?"K)"C)G"'..$+A"*$32B2)GF"F$*P2&$Fh" " " " " " " "áxxxá" " !iY$$N3C" " @iAG*2+B"S$F.2P'3F"'+A"F1$&2'3")&&'F2)+F")+3C"_$]&3GA2+B"%G*2'3F`" " ,iT)+./3C" " 4i+)."'."'33g")+3C"S)*"%G*2'3F" ! M\?"K)"C)G"S$$3"'"1'*.")S"./2F"&)TTG+2.C")*"'+")G.F2A$*h"" " " " áxxxá" " !iR'*.")S"&)TTG+2.C" ,iJG.F2A$*" " @iK)+b."N+)Y" " MQ?"K)"C)G"&)+F2A$*"C)G*F$3S".)"%$"'"A2F13'&$A"1$*F)+h"s!i>$Fa"-iI)t" " " áxxxá" ! MX?"()Y"T'+C"1$)13$"'*$"2+"C)G*"1*$F$+."/)GF$/)3Ah"[$"T$'+")+3C"./$"" " " áxxxá" 1$)13$"./'."GFG'33C"F3$$1"2+"./$"F'T$"13'&$"'+A"/'P$"./$"F'T$"/$'A")S"" /)GF$/)3A"'F"C)G?" "" " MX?"()Y"T'+C"%2)3)B2&'3"&/23A*$+"A)"C)G"/'P$"Y/)"'*$"32P2+B"+)Yh" " " :xxx:" " " M!-?"()Y"T'+C"/'P$"A2$Aa"T2F&'**2$Aa"'%)*.$A")*"Y$*$"F.233%)*+h" " " " :xxx:" " M!!?"()Y"T'+C"+)+c%2)3)B2&'3"&/23A*$+"'*$"C)G"1*$F$+.3C"./$"1*2+&21'3"&'*$.'N$*"S)*h"" :xxx:" " " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 47 " :?!#"4!8:7>7V:<#>!36%"&! M!,?"K)"C)G*"&/23A*$+"32P$"Y2./"C)Gh"_-iI)+$a"!i<)T$a",i033`" " " """ """""""""""""":xxx:" M!@?":F"./$"S'./$*"_)*"S'./$*F`")S"C)G*"&/23A*$+"'32P$h"_!c>$Fa"-iI)`"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxá" M!4?"K)$F"./$"S'./$*"_)*"S'./$*F`")S"C)G*"&/23A*$+"/$31".)"1*)P2A$"S)*"./$2*"""""""""""""""áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxá" +$$AF"_$?B?"S))Aa"&3)./$F`h" "_!i>$Fa"-iI)`" M!H?"K)$F"'+C)+$a")./$*"./'+"C)G*F$3S"'+A"./$"&/23A*$+bF"S'./$*_F`a"/$31".)"1*)P2A$"S)*"C)G*"""""""""""áxxxá" &/23A*$+bF"+$$AFh""_!i>$Fa"-iI)`" " :?!4%0U"[/)h"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" "M!L?"()Y")3A"'*$"C)G*"&/23A*$+h" áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxá"" M!\?"()Y"T'+C")S"./$F$"&/23A*$+"'*$"2+"F&/))3h""" " " " " :xxx:" M!Q?"()Y"T'+C")S"./$F$"&/23A*$+"'*$"+)."&G**$+.3C"$+*)33$A"2+"F&/))3h"" " " :xxx:" M!X?"9.@!#"4!EKIFC@+(!(.-!I(!AEK..FU"[/C"'*$"./$C"+)."2+"F&/))3"_&/$&N"'33"./'."'113C`h" " """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""":xxx:g":xxx:g:xxx:g:xxx:g:xxx:"" !"i"9))"C)G+B" " " " Hi"<.2BT'.2d$A"%C"F&/))3".$'&/$*")*"1$$*F" ,"i"I)"T)+$C"S)*"S$$F")*"G+2S)*TF" L"i"9/$C"'*$"S*)T"'+)./$*"*$3'.2)+F/21"'+A" @"i"9/$C"/'P$"1'C2+Bg$'*+2+B"O)%F" " ./$"/GF%'+A")*"S'T23C"Y233"+)."FG11)*."./$T" 4"i"[)*N"2+"B'*A$+"S)*"/)GF$/)3A""""""""""""""""\i9/$"&/23A"2F".))"F2&N".)"'..$+A"F&/))3" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""Qi"J./$*Uxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx""""""""""" " 5-(,Y*W&<*G*<&9),*)'T-*/&*("T*#&9*"&=-*e9-"/'&+"*(@&9/*#&9.*-(/'+?*(+,*,.'+T'+?*%(@'/"7* M,-?"()Y"T'+C".2T$F"A2A"C)G"B)".)"%$A"/G+B*C"2+"./$"1'F."Y$$Nh" " " áxxxá! " M,!?"K)"C)G".'N$"'3&)/)3h"_!i>$Fa"-iI)`" " " " " " " áxxxá" " M,,?"K)$F"C)G*"/GF%'+Ag"1'*.+$*"$P$*"A*2+N"'3&)/)3h"_!i>$Fa"-iI)a"QQiA)+b."N+)Y`" áxxxá" " M,@?":?!4%0J!36:"=0&"K)$F"C)G*"/GF%'+Ag"1'*.+$*"B$."A*G+N")S.$+a"F)T$.2T$F")*"+$P$*h""" áxxxá" """"_!iJS.$+a",i<)T$.2T$Fa"@iI$P$*`" ! 5-(,Y*W&<*G*<&9),*)'T-*/&*("T*#&9*"&=-*e9-"/'&+"*(@&9/*/%-*-$&+&='$*"'/9(/'&+*&0*#&9*(+,*#&9.* %&9"-%&),7* M,4?"K)"C)G"A)"'+C"Y)*N"./'."C)G"$'*+"T)+$C"S*)Th""s!i>$Fa"-iI)t" " " áxxxá" '? :E">5$Fa"-iI)t" " " áxxxá" M,X?":?!4%0U"[/'."'*$"./$"*$'F)+Fh"_&/$&N"'33"./'."'113C`h" """"":xxx:g":xxx:g:xxx:g:xxx:g:xxx:"" !iK)"+)."/'P$"'&&$FF".)"'+C"3'+A" 4iE$'*")S"'..'&N" ,i[23A"'+2T'3F"A$F.*)C"&*)1F" " HiW'+A"2F"+)."S$*.23$" @iW'+A"2F"P$*C"S'*"S*)T"/)T$" " LiW'&N")S".))3F" " M@-?"K)"C)G"/'P$"1*)%3$TF"'&&$FF2+B"Y'.$*h"s!i>$Fa"-iI)t" " " " áxxxá" " ()!4.#!0$%4!>!"/)4.%8!!?:e,FOf!`e)D@! M@!?"('P$"C)G"*$&$2P$A"'+C"S))A"2.$TF"S*)T"'+"IZJ")*"7MJh""" " """ " áxxxá" M@,?"('P$"C)G"*$&$2P$A"'+C"F$$AF")*")./$*"S'*T2+B"$^G21T$+."S*)T"'+"IZJ")*"7MJh" áxxxá"" M@@?"('P$"C)G"*$&$2P$A"'+C"+)+cS))A"/)GF$/)3A"2.$TF"S*)T"'+"IZJ")*"7MJh""" " áxxxá" """""" M@4?"('P$"C)G"*$&$2P$A"'+C"&'F/"S*)T"'+"IZJ")*"7MJh"_" """""""""""""""""""""""""" " áxxxá" M@H?"('P$"C)G"*$&$2P$A"'+C"T$A2&'3"F$*P2&$F")*"A*GBF"S*)T"'+"IZJ")*"7MJh"" " áxxxá" M@L?"('P$"C)G"*$&$2P$A"'+C"&)G+F$32+B"S*)T"'+"IZJ")*"7MJh" " """""""""""" " áxxxá" M@\?"('P$"C)G"*$&$2P$A"'+C"F&/))3"'FF2F.'+&$")*".*'2+2+B"S*)T"'+"IZJ")*"7MJh"" " áxxxá" " 6%#3&!"./!:XC!FIU+!-.!)AU!T.H!)M.H-!T.H@!K+)F-K!.L+@!-K+!F)A-!7"%!$7"1WN" M@Q?"()Y"Y)G3A"C)G"*'.$"C)G*"/$'3./h" " " " " " " áxxxá" " !i;$*C"%'A" @iZ))A" " ,iM'A"" 4i5]&$33$+." " " ! ! " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 49 " -6 %/-($0!-/))#-4#3)#%%! 5KH4Y*GA,*)'T-*/&*("T*#&9*"&=-*e9-"/'&+"*(@&9/*(+#*?.&9:"*#&9*(.-*'+F&)F-,*'+7* 7!?""0*$"C)G"'"T$T%$*")*"3$'A$*")S"'+C")S"./$"S)33)Y2+B"B*)G1FU" 5-(,*&9/*/%-*?.&9:"*@-)&<*(+,*("T*<%-/%-.*/%-*.-":&+,-+/*'"*(*=-=@-.*&.*)-(,-.** R".YZ[!$+*M+@Y\[!>+)C+@YOS! '` MGF2+$FF"B*)G1" " " " " " " áxxxá" %` <'P2+BF"B*)G1à"e#2F.)G*+$g32N$3$T%'b"B*)G1" " " áxxxá" &` 0B*2&G3.G*'3"B*)G1" " " " " " áxxxá" A` Z*)G1"S)*"*'2F2+B"'+2T'3Fà"%2*AF"" " " " áxxxá" $` [)T$+bF"E)*GT" " " " " " áxxxá" S` E'T23C"'FF)&2'.2)+F" " " " " " áxxxá" B` 0FF)&2'.2)+")S"Y2A)YF" " " " " " áxxxá" /` M*$$A$*F"0FF)&2'.2)+" " " " " " áxxxá" 2` 7/G*&/"B*)G1"o"F2+B2+B" " " " " " áxxxá" O` 7/G*&/"B*)G1"o"Y$3&)T2+B" " " " " áxxxá" N` 7/G*&/"B*)G1"o"1*'C$*" " " " " " áxxxá" 3` 7/G*&/"B*)G1"o")./$*"sA$F&*2%$t"" " " " áxxxá" T` 0+C")./$*"B*)G1"_.C1$"???????????????????????????????????????????`" " áxxxá" " 7,?"K)"C)G""/)3A"'+C")./$*"N2+A")S"1)F2.2)+F")S"*$F1)+F2%232.Ch""s>$Fi!a"I)i-t" áxxxá" "" " " " " 7@?":S"C$Fa"Y/'."1)F2.2)+Fh"5@.M+!)(C"I(CIE)-+!)FFN! áxxxágáxxxágáxxxágáxxxá" " :S"e)./$*ba"A$F&*2%$"?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????" " 'i"7/G*&/"3$'A$*g"*$32B2)GF"3$'A$*" Si"W$'A$*")S"<'P2+BF"B*)G1" _2+&3GA2+B"7/G*&/"7)G+&233)*`" Bi9*'A2.2)+'3"/$'3$*"" %i0FF)&2'.2)+"3$'A$*"_1*$F2A$+.")S"'+" /iW$'A$*")S"%G*2'3"B*)G1" " 'FF)&2'.2)+`" Oi>)G./"3$'A$*" " " " &i[)T$+bF"'AP2F)*" NiJ./$*"_F1$&2SC`" Ai$Fa"-"i"I)`" '` 7)TS)*.2+B"'+A"FG11)*.2+B"%$*$'P$A"*$3'.2P$F"D"+$2B/%)G*F" áxxxá" %` ($312+B".)"&3$'+"'+A"T'2+.'2+"Y'.$*"F)G*&$F"_Y$33g"%)*$/)3$`" áxxxá" &` ($312+B".)"T'2+.'2+"./$"F.*$$.F" " " " " áxxxá" A` ($312+B".)"A$P$3)1"'"F&/))3"_$?B?"%G23A"&3'FF*))TF`" " áxxxá" $` ($312+B".)"&)+F.*G&."'"/)GF$" " " " " áxxxá" S` 7)TTG+2.C"T$$.2+B"_$?B?".)"*$F)3P$"'"&)+S32&.`" " " áxxxá" B` E'T23C"T$$.2+B" " " " " " " áxxxá" /` Z*)G1"S'*T2+B" " " " " " " áxxxá" 2` 0+C")./$*"&)TTG+2.C"'&.2P2.C"_F1$&2SC"???????????????????????????????????????`" áxxxá" ! GWQ5L4X3K*QaK*]K55V*3HW*!G3QX5KI*aK5K*f*XIK*VLX5*LNW*KgHZ!dKI*QL*Kg!dHGW*XWQGd*VLX* H5K*IX5K*QaK*5KI!LW4KWQ*XW4K5IQHW4I7* :*)DI(+!-K)-!T.H@!K.HA+!K)A!M++(!E.*BF+-+FT!C+A-@.T+C!MT!)!?I@+N!:!/)(-!T.H!-.!-KI(U!)M.H-!K./! E.(?IC+(-!)@+!T.H!-K)-!T.H!E.HFC!D+-!CI??+@+(-!UI(CA!.?!K+FBN! Q&*,-$',-*%&<*$&+0',-+/*#&9*(.->*/%'+T*&0*#&9."-)0*("*(*h-..#*$(+7**Q%-*=&.-*<(/-.*/%-.-*'"*'+*/%-*h-..#* $(+>*/%-*=&.-*$&+0',-+/*#&9*<&9),*0--)*'+*-($%*"'/9(/'&+*G*("T*#&9*(@&9/Y* * * * !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!".-!)-!)FF!!RZS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#!FI--F+!R\S!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!;HI-+!)!MI-!ROS!!!!!!!!!!%]-@+*+FT!RPS " *iX"-*h-..#*$(+*:'$/9.-"*/&*'))9"/.(/-*.-":&+"-* I)."'."'33" 0"32..3$" VG2.$" 5].*$T$3C" &:/'&+"j* &)+S2A$+." &)+S2A$+." &)+S2A$+." &)+S2A$+." 7H?""E2+A"1$)13$"2+"C)G*"&)TTG+2.C".)"F/$3.$*" -" !" ," @" C)G"S)*".Y)"Y$$NF"" 7L?""M)**)Y"T)+$C".)"/$31"C)G"%GC"F)T$" -" !" ," @" &3)./$F"'S.$*"./$"S2*$" 7\?""#'2F$"$+)GB/"T)+$C".)"S$$A"C)G*"S'T23C" -" !" ," @" S)*"4"Y$$NF" " ! ! " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 51 " 6%#3&!"./!:!/.HFC!FIU+!-.!)AU!T.H!A.*+!GH+A-I.(A!)M.H-!T.H@!@+F)-I.(AKIBA!/I-K!?)*IFTJ!?@I+(CA! )(C!.-K+@!E.**H(I-T!*+*M+@AN!!!1KI(UI(D!)M.H-!-K+!F)A-!7"%!$7"1W^! " !i>$F" :?!4%0&! -iI)" F)T$.2T$F"_!`" )*")S.$+"_,`h" :?!"7&!RZS" 7Q?":F"./$*$"F)T$)+$"Y/)"&)TS)*.$A"C)G"Y/$+"C)G"Y$*$"S$$32+B"A2F.*$FF$A")*" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 3)+$3Ch"" 7X?"('P$"C)G"P2F2.$A"F)T$)+$"2+"./$"$P$+2+Bh" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 7!-?"('P$"C)G"%)**)Y$A"FT'33"2.$TFa"FG&/"'F"F'3.")*"F)'1a"S*)T"F)T$%)ACh" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 7!!?"('P$"C)G"3$+."FT'33"2.$TFa"FG&/"'F"F'3.")*"F)'1a".)"F)T$%)ACh" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 7!,?":F"./$*$"F)T$)+$"Y/)"B'P$"C)G"'AP2&$".)"/$31"C)G"2+"'"F2.G'.2)+h" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 7!@?":F"./$*$"F)T$)+$"Y/)"32F.$+$A".)"C)G".'3N"'%)G."C)G*"./)GB/.F"'+A" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" S$$32+BFh" 7!4?"('F"F)T$%)AC"F/'*$A"./$"1*)AG&.F")S"./$2*"S2$3A"Y2./"C)Gh" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 7!H?"('P$"C)G"$+O)C$A"F1$+A2+B".2T$"Y2./"S*2$+AFh" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 7!L?":F"./$*$"F)T$)+$"Y/)"/$31$A"C)G"A)"F)T$./2+B"./'."+$$A$A".)"%$"A)+$a" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" FG&/"'F"&/)*$F"'*)G+A"./$"/)T$a"A2BB2+Ba")*"F)T$")./$*"'&.2P2.Ch" 7!\?"('P$"C)G"F/'*$A"C)G*"S))A"Y2./"F)T$%)AC"Y/)"2F"+)."'"T$T%$*")S"C)G*" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" S'T23Ch" 7!Q?"('F"F)T$%)AC"Y/)"2F"+)."'"T$T%$*")S"C)G*"S'T23C"F/'*$A"./$2*"S))A" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" Y2./"C)Gh" 7!X?"('P$"C)G"/$31$A"'"F2&N"1$*F)+"Y/)"2F"+)."'"T$T%$*")S"C)G*"S'T23Ch" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" " ! ! " " 52 " 36 #"+/1#'"#)4! 6%#3&!"./!:XC!FIU+!-.!)AU!T.H!A.*+!GH+A-I.(A!)M.H-!/K+-K+@!T.H!K)L+!C.(+!A.*+!.-K+@!-KI(DA!I(! -K+!F)A-!7"%!$7"1WN!* " !i>$F" :?!4%0&! -iI)" F)T$.2T$F"_!`" )*")S.$+"_,`h" :?!"7&!RZS" 5!?"('P$"C)G"/$31$A".)"*$F)3P$"'"&)+S32&."%$.Y$$+"Y)T$+h" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 5,?"('P$"C)G"B2P$+"'AP2&$".)"F)T$)+$h" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 5@?"('P$"C)G".*'P$33$A")G.F2A$"C)G*"P233'B$h" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 54?"('P$"C)G"F1)N$+")G."'."'"T$$.2+Bh" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 5H?"('P$"C)G"&)+.*2%G.$A".)"A$&2F2)+F")+"/)Y".)"F1$+A"C)G*"S'T23CbF" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" *$F)G*&$Fh" 5L?"('P$"C)G"&)+.*2%G.$A".)"A$&2F2)+cT'N2+B"Y2./2+"'+"'FF)&2'.2)+h" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 5\?"('P$"C)G"&)+.*2%G.$A".)"A$&2F2)+F"'%)G."C)G*"S'T23CbF"'B*2&G3.G*'3" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 1*)AG&.2)+h" ! :9!1W%!_7$#"!W#0!"7!W208#"3`!5#61"%6!a!V7!17!0%<1:7"!9N! :S"./$"Y)T'+"/'F"+)"/GF%'+Ag"1'*.+$*a"Y*2.$"eXXb"/$*$U""áxxxá"'+A"B)"F.*'2B/.".)"<$&.2)+"E?" " 6%#3&!"./!:XC!FIU+!-.!)AU!T.H!A.*+!GH+A-I.(A!)M.H-!T.H@!@.F+!I(!-K+!?)*IFT!)(C!)M.H-!T.H@! KHAM)(CN!_+!U(./!-K+A+!GH+A-I.(A!)@+!B+@A.()F!)(C!E)(!M+!CI??IEHF-!-.!)(A/+@N!!:?!T.H!/.HFC! @)-K+@!(.-!)(A/+@!)(T!.?!-K+A+!GH+A-I.(AJ!bHA-!A)T!c:XC!B@+?+@!-.!D.!-.!-K+!(+]-!GH+A-I.(XN" "s-iI)a"!i<)T$.2T$Fa",i>$Fa"XXi$Fa"XXi*'+$)9,'+?*/&,(#7! Q&*,-$',-*%&<*=9$%*#&9*%(F-*-2:-.'-+$-,*-($%*0--)'+?*&.*@-%(F'&9.>*/%'+T*&0*#&9."-)0*("*(*h-..#*$(+7**Q%-* =&.-*<(/-.*/%-.-*'"*'+*/%-*h-..#*$(+>*/%-*=&.-*#&9*%(F-*-2:-.'-+$-,*/%'"*0--)'+?*&.*@-%(F'&9.Y* * * * !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!".-!)-!)FF!!RZS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#!FI--F+!R\S!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!;HI-+!)!MI-!ROS!!!!!!!!!!%]-@+*+FT!RPS! " E!?"K)"C)G"&*C"S*$^G$+.3Ch" -" !" ," @" E,?"K)"C)G"S$$3"'F/'T$Ah" -" !" ," @" E@?"K)"C)G"S2+A"C)G"%$&)T$"'+B*C"P$*C"^G2&N3Ch" -" !" ," @" E4?"('P$"./$*$"%$$+".2T$F"Y/$+"C)G"/'P$"%$$+"P2)3$+.a")*" -" !" ," @" ./*$'.$+$A".)"%$"P2)3$+.".)"F)T$)+$h" EH?"K)"C)G"F.'C"'Y'C"S*)T")./$*"1$)13$h" -" !" ," @" EL?"K)"C)G"'P)2A"&$*.'2+"13'&$F")*"1$)13$"%$&'GF$"./$C"*$T2+A" -" !" ," @" C)G")S"1'2+SG3"./2+BFh" E\?"K)"C)G")S.$+"S$$3"'S*'2Ah" -" !" ," @" EQ?"K)"C)G"./2+N"'"3)."'%)G."%'A"./2+BF"./'."/'P$"/'11$+$A".)" -" !" ," @" C)Gh" EX?"K)"C)G"32N$".)"F1$+A".2T$"Y2./")./$*Fh" -" !" ," @" E!-?"K)"C)G"F.GAC")*"Y)*Na"S)*"$]'T13$"A)2+B"'B*2&G3.G*$")*"'" -" !" ," @" FT'33"%GF2+$FFh" E!!?"K)"C)G"/'P$"'"B))A"'11$.2.$"S)*"S))Ah" -" !" ," @" E!,?"K)"C)G".'N$"&'*$")S"C)G*"1$*F)+'3"/CB2$+$"'+A"'11$'*'+&$h" -" !" ," @" E!@?"K)"C)G"S$$3"./'."C)G"'*$"3$FF"2T1)*.'+."./'+")./$*"1$)13$h" -" !" ," @" E!4?"K)"C)G"$'."Y2./")./$*"1$)13$h" -" !" ," @" E!H?"K)"C)G"/'P$"%'A"A*$'TF"'."+2B/.h" -" !" ," @" " E!L?"()Y"TG&/"A2A"1/CF2&'3"/$'3./"1*)%3$TF"32T2."C)G*"A'23C" -" !" ," @" Y)*Nh" E!\?"()Y"TG&/"%)A23C"1'2+"/'P$"C)G"/'Ah" -" !" ," @" E!Q?"()Y"TG&/"$+$*BC"A2A"C)G"/'P$h" -" !" ," @" E!X?"()Y"TG&/"A2A"$T).2)+'3"1*)%3$TF"32T2."C)G*"A'23C" -" !" ," @" '&.2P2.2$Fh" " " 54 " *6 #7#)4%!4.$4!"$,!-/)4'(2&4#!4/!+%,-./0/*(-$0!3(%4'#%%! 5-(,Y*W&<*G*<&9),*)'T-*/&*("T*#&9*(@&9/*#&9.*-2:-.'-+$-"*.-)(/-,*/&*/%-*d5H7*I&=-*&0*/%-"-* -2:-.'-+$-"*(.-*9:"-//'+?*/&*/%'+T*&.*/()T*(@&9/7*G0*"&>*0--)*0.--*+&/*/&*(+"<-.7*I(#>*lG*:.-0-.*/&*?&*/&* /%-*+-2/*e9-"/'&+m*&.*lG*:.-0-.*/&*"/&:*/()T'+?*(@&9/*/%-*$&+0)'$/*(+,*=&F-*&+m7*H)"&>*.-=-=@-.*/%(/* #&9.*(+"<-."*(.-*F-.#*$&+0',-+/'()7* 5-(,Y*G*(=*?&'+?*/&*=-+/'&+*"-F-.()*-F-+/"7*!)-("-*/-))*=-*'0*#&9*%(F-*-F-.*-2:-.'-+$-,*(+#*&0*/%-"-* -F-+/"7* ;6nV-">*\nW&>*__nIkG!*'0*,-$)'+-"*/&*(+"<-.B* Z!?"<)T$)+$"F/)."%G33$.F"'."C)G")*"C)G*"/)T$" " " " " " áxxxá" " Z,?">)G"*$&$2P$A"'"F$P$*$"%$'.2+B".)"./$"%)ACa")*"1'*.")S"C)G*"%)AC"Y'F"&G." " áxxxá" " Z@?"<)T$)+$"'..'&N$A"C)G"Y2./"'"1'+B'")*")./$*"Y$'1)+" " " " áxxxá" " Z4?">)G"Y$*$".2$A"G1")*"3)&N$A"G1"'F"'"1*2F)+$*" " " " " " áxxxá" " ZH?">)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"&'**C"/$'PC"3)'AF")*"A)")./$*"S)*&$A"3'%)G*" " " áxxxá" " ZL?">)G"Y2.+$FF$A"%$'.2+BFa"&G..2+BF")*".)*.G*$")S")./$*"1$)13$" " " " áxxxá" Z\?">)G"Y2.+$FF$A"'"N2332+B" " " " " " " " áxxxá" " ZQ?">)G"Y2.+$FF$A"./$"*'1$")*"F$]G'3"'%GF$")S"'"Y)T'+"" " " " áxxxá" " ZX?">)G*"/GF%'+A"Y'F"TG*A$*$A")*"A2$A"P2)3$+.3C" " " " " áxxxá" " Z!-?"J+$")*"T)*$")S"C)G*"&/23A*$+"Y'F"TG*A$*$A")*"A2$A"P2)3$+.3C" " " áxxxá" " Z!!?"0+)./$*"S'T23C"T$T%$*")*"S*2$+A"Y'F"TG*A$*$A")*"A2$A"P2)3$+.3C" " " áxxxá" Z!,?">)G"/$'*A"BG+"S2*$"*$BG3'*3C" " " " " " " áxxxá" Z!@?">)G"*$&$2P$A"'"F$*2)GF"1/CF2&'3"2+OG*C"S*)T"*$%$3F")*"F)3A2$*F" " " áxxxá" Z!4?"#$%$3F"3)).$A"C)G*"1*)1$*.C" " " " " " " áxxxá" Z!H?">)G"Y2.+$FF$A"'"T'FF'&*$" " " " " " " " áxxxá" " Z!L?">)G"Y2.+$FF$A"./$"F$..2+B")S"/)GF$F")+"S2*$"Y2./"1$)13$"2+F2A$" " " áxxxá" Z!\?">)G"Y$*$"'%AG&.$A" " " " " " " " áxxxá" Z!Q?">)G*"/GF%'+A"A2F'11$'*$A")*"Y'F"'%AG&.$A" " " " " áxxxá" Z!X?"J+$")*"T)*$")S"C)G*"&/23A*$+"A2F'11$'*$A")*"Y'F"'%AG&.$A" " " " áxxxá" Z,-?"0+)./$*"S'T23C"T$T%$*")*"S*2$+A"Y'F"'%AG&.$A" " " " " áxxxá" Z,!?"0"S'T23C"T$T%$*"*$&$2P$A"'"F$*2)GF"1/CF2&'3"2+OG*C"S*)T"&)T%'." " " áxxxá" Z,,?">)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"F.$'3")*"A$F.*)C"F)T$)+$"$3F$bF"1*)1$*.C")*"1)FF$FF2)+F" " áxxxá" " Z,@?">)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"N233"'+")11)F2+B"F)3A2$*"2+"%'..3$"" " " " áxxxá" " Z,4?">)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)".'N$"A*GBF" " " " " " " áxxxá" Z,H?">)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"%$'.")*"&G."F)T$)+$"Y/)"Y'F"'"S'T23C"T$T%$*")*"S*2$+A" áxxxá" " Z,L?">)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"%$'.")*"&G."'"&2P232'+"Y/)"Y'F"+)."'"S'T23C"T$T%$*")*"S*2$+A" áxxxá" Z,\?">)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"N233"'"S'T23C"T$T%$*")*"S*2$+A" " " " " áxxxá" " " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 55 " Z,Q?">)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"N233"'"&2P232'+"Y/)"Y'F"+)."'"S'T23C"T$T%$*")*"S*2$+A" " áxxxá" " Z,X?">)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"/'P$"F$]"Y2./"'"T'+" " " " " " áxxxá" Z@-?">)G"%$&'T$"1*$B+'+."S*)T"*'1$"'+A"/'A"'"&/23A" " " " " áxxxá" Z@!?">)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"F.$1")+")*")./$*Y2F$"'%GF$"./$"%)A2$F")S"A$'A"1$*F)+F""" áxxxá" " Z@,?">)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"%$.*'C"'"S'T23C"T$T%$*")*"S*2$+Aa"13'&2+B"./$T"'."*2FN")S" " áxxxá" " A$'./")*"2+OG*C" "" Z@@?"[$*$"./$*$"'+C")./$*"S*2B/.$+2+B")*"A'+B$*)GF"F2.G'.2)+F"Y$"/'P$"+)."" " áxxxá" A2F&GFF$Aa")*")./$*"./2+BF"./'."C)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"A)h"" 8EM7*:?!4%0Y"K$F&*2%$U" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" " Z@H?"K2A"C)G"$P$*"3$'P$"C)G*"/)T$"'*$'"2+")*A$*".)"'P)2A"'%AG&.2)+")*"./$"Y'*h"" " áxxxá" 8Ec7*:?!4%0f"Y/$*$"A2A"C)G"B)h"" " WJ709:JI" " " I?"=JI9(<" '` :KR"&'T1"_!`" " áxxxxxá" %` :KR"&'T1"_,`" " áxxxxxá" &` :KR"&'T1"_@`" " áxxxxxá" A` 9)Y+"_!`" " " áxxxxxá" $` 9)Y+"_,`" " " áxxxxxá" S` 9)Y+"_@`" " " áxxxxxá" B` K2SS$*$+."A2F.*2&."_!`"" áxxxxxá" /` K2SS$*$+."A2F.*2&."_,`"" áxxxxxá" 2` K2SS$*$+."A2F.*2&."_@`"" áxxxxxá" O` J./$*" " " áxxxxxá" " " " " " 56 " " .6 /4.#'!4,+#%!/5!#7#)4%!$)3!-&''#)4!-('-&"%4$)-#%!! " 5KH4Y*W&<*GA,*)'T-*/&*("T*#&9*<%-/%-.*#&9*%(F-*-2:-.'-+$-,*$-./('+*-F-+/"*+&/*.-)(/-,*/&*/%-*d5H7** H?('+>*"&=-*&0*/%-"-*-2:-.'-+$-"*(.-*9:"-//'+?*/&*/%'+T*&.*/()T*(@&9/7*G0*"&>*0--)*0.--*+&/*/&*(+"<-.7* I(#>*lG*:.-0-.*/&*?&*/&*/%-*+-2/*e9-"/'&+m7*H)"&>*.-=-=@-.*/%(/*#&9.*(+"<-."*(.-*F-.#*$&+0',-+/'()7* _!i">$Fa"-"i"I)a"XXi$Fa"XXi>7_:"V!;2%01:7"0!:9!1W%!6%057"3%"1!W#0!"7!W208#"3!a!1W#"=!1W%! 6%057"3%"1!#"3!%"3!1W%!:"1%6d:%_N! G0*/%-*<&=(+*%("*+&*%9"@(+,R*:(./+-.>*<.'/-*o__A*%-.-Y**pqqqp* ! _-iI)a"!i<)T$.2T$F")*"<)T$a",i>$Fa"XXi#01!7"%!$7"1W&!! _!i>$Fa"-iI)a"XXiX%123%&"I)GF"'P)+F"AyP$3)11y"G+$"2+.$*P2$Y"^G2"P'"+)GF"'2A$*"z"&)T1*$+A*$"3$" %2$+c{.*$"1FC&/)cF)&2'3"A'+F"3$F"&)TTG+'G.yF"A'+F"&$..$"*yB2)+?"W$"%G."A$"&$..$"y.GA$"$F."A$".$F.$*" &$..$"B*233$"Ab2+.$*P2$Y"1)G*"Py*2S2$*"F2"Ü'"S)+&.2)++$"%2$+?" 5#0!3%!8%"%9:<%&"W$F"*yFG3.'.F"A$"3qy.GA$""+)GF"1$*T$..*)+F"A$"AyP$3)11$*"3$F"T$233$G*$F"S'Ü)+F" AqyP'3G$*"3$"%2$+c{.*$"1FC&/)F)&2'3"A'+F"&$..$"*yB2)+?":3"+qC"'"1'F"A$"%y+yS2&$F"A2*$&.F"'G]"1$*F)++$F" 1'*.2&21'+."z"&$..$"*$&/$*&/$" 145%0!3%!;2%01:7"0&!j$"P'2F"P)GF"1)F$*"^G$3^G$F"^G$F.2)+F"FG*"P).*$"P2$a"P).*$".*'P'23a"P)F" F$+.2T$+.Fa"$]1y*2$+&$F"A'+F"3$"1'FFy"$."P).*$"F2.G'.2)+"'&.G$33$?" d720!572d%f!0#21%6!>%0!;2%01:7"0!72!#66%1%6!#!1721!$7$%"1&";)GF"1)GP$d"Ay&2A$*"A$"+$" 1'F"*y1)+A*$"z"".)G.$"3q$+^G{.$a")G"P)GF"1)GP$d"+)GF"A2*$"^G'+A"G+$"^G$F.2)+""P)GF"*$+A"T'3"z" 3q'2F$a"$."+)GF"'33)+F"F'G.$*"&$..$"^G$F.2)+?":3"+q$F."1'F"+y&$FF'2*$"A$"*y1)+A*$"z"G+$"^G$F.2)+"^G2" P)GF"*$+A"T'3"z"3q'2F$?"<2"P)GF"3$"P)G3$da"P)GF"1)GP$d"T$..*$"S2+"z"3q2+.$*P2$Y""z".)G."T)T$+."$."&$3'" +$"P'F"1'F"2+S3G$+&$*"3q'2A$"^G$"P)GF")%.$+$d"A$"+q2T1)*.$"^G$33$")*B'+2F'.2)+" <7"9:3%"1:#>:1%&!9)G.$F"P)F"*y1)+F$F"A$T$G*$*)+."1*2Py$F"$."&)+S2A$+.2$33$Fa"$."3$F"F$G3$F" 1$*F)++$F"^G2"'G*)+."'&&ÇF"z"&$..$"2+S)*T'.2)+"F$*)+."3$F"&/$*&/$G*F"1*2+&21'G]"A$"&$..$"y.GA$?" <7"1#<1&"<2"P)GF"'P$d"A$F"^G$F.2)+Fa")G"F2"A$F"1*)%3ÇT$F"FG*P2$++$+.a"P)GF"1)GP$d"&)+.'&.$*" 5.2$++$"=%'3$a"3$"1FC&/)3)BG$"A$"7'*2.'Fa")G"1'FF$*"A2*$&.$T$+."'G"%G*$'G"A$"7'*2.'F"z"KG+BG" I)GF"1$*T$..$dcP)GF""A$"1)F$*"&$F"^G$F.2)+Fa"$."{.$FcP)GF"1*{."z"1'*.2&21$*h""/TKc!)DH" 0I!F+!@gB.(C)(-!6%920%!3%!5#61:<:5%6!h"+DTGdTDKh"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" 0I!F)!@gB.(C)(-+!)EE+B-+!C+!@+*BFI@!F+!GH+A-I.(()I@+J!Fi+(GHj-+H@!C.I-!AID(+@!EIkC+AA.HA!+-! E.(-I(H+@N!! ! " j$"&)+S2*T$"'P)2*"A)++y".)G.$F"3$F"2+S)*T'.2)+F"&2cA$FFGF"z"3'"*y1)+A'+.$a"$."$33$"'"'&&$1.y"A$" 1'*.2&21$*"" <2B+'.G*$"A$"3b$+^G{.$G*"uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu" HQ" " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 59 " " " " " !;TFOIKDHO!g!!MhKHIFGRKFEFTG6!)F!CLO!CDOFG!JFO!dTFOIKDHO!LT!G\CDHNLHI6!! 0!?"K'.$"g"($G*$"A$"3b2+.$*P2$YU"0?"_jjg==g00`" áxxáxxágáxxáxxágáxxáxxá" "" áxxáxxá"U"áxxáxxá" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""M?"_,4"/*"($G*$`" 0,?":K"A$"3b2+.$*P2$Y$*"g"R*y+)T"U" 0?"áxxáxxá"g"M?"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" 0@?"5.$FcP)GF""2+&$*.'2+"^G$"3'"S$TT$"^G$"P)GF"2+.$*P2$Y$d"+q$F."1'F"&$33$"^G$"+)GF"&/$*&/2)+F"1)G*" G+$"2+.$*P2$Yh"" áxxá" " !"i"R'F"AG".)G."2+&$*.'2+" " @"i"T)Ay*yT$+."2+&$*.'2+" " ,"i"8+"1$G"2+&$*.'2+" " 4"i"9*ÇF"2+&$*.'2+" ,? 0I!OJ!PJ!.@!Q!R2+&$*.'2+S&"8.232F$d".)G.$"2+S)*T'.2)+"A)+."P)GF"'P$d"FG*"3'"S$TT$"_A$F" T$T%*$F"A$"3'"S'T233$a"$.&?`"1)G*"G+$"A)G%3$"Py*2S2&'.2)+?"Iq/yF2.$d"1'F"z"T$..*$"S2+"z" 3b2+.$*P2$Ya"F2"+y&$FF'2*$?" 04?"5F.c&$"^G$"3q2+.$*P2$Y""$F."T$+y$"G+2^G$T$+."'P$&"3'"1$*F)++$"2+.$**)By$"_z"3q$]&$1.2)+"AG" 1$*F)++$3"A$"3q$+^G{.$`h""áxxá" _!iJG2a"-iI)+`" 0H?5F.c&$"^G$"3q2+.$*P2$Y"y.'2.""T$+y$"z"3q$].y*2$G*"$+"&2$3")GP$*.a")G"A'+F"G+"'%*2")GP$*."_F'GS"1)G*" A$G]"1$*F)++$F"AG"T{T$"F$]$`h" _!iJG2a"-iI)+`"áxxá" %(!E)A!C+!"7"J!C+*)(C+@!B.FI*+(-!C+!B.HL.I@!I(-+@@.D+@!F)!@gB.(C)(-+!A+HFN!:(AIA-+l!AH@!F+!?)I-! GH+!FiI(-+@LI+/!C.I-!A+!?)I@+!+(!B@ILg!+-!E.(?IC+(-I+FF+*+(-N! " " ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! HX" " 60 " " " " " ! ! :K"A$"#y1)+A'+.?" ! " ! 56 ()5/'"$4(/)!*#)#'$0#! " M!?"VG$3"$F."P).*$"ÖB$h" " " " " " " " 0+F"áxxxáxxxá"" " M,?"â.$FcP)GF"T'*2y$a"&y32%'.'2*$a"P$GP$")G"Fy1'*y$h" " " " " áxxxá" !"i"0&.G$33$T$+."T'*2y$"" " 4"i"7V:;2%0&! M!,?"5F.c&$"^G$"P)F"$+S'+.F"P2P$+."'P$&"P)GFh"_-i0G&G+a"!iVG$3^G$Fa",i9)GF`" " """""""":xxx:" M!@?"5F.c&$"3$"1Ç*$_)G"3$F"1Ç*$F`"A$"P)F"$+S'+."$F."_F)TT$F`"$+"P2$h"_!cJG2a"-iI)+`""""""áxxxág"áxxxág" áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxá" M!4?"5F.c&$"^G$"3$"1Ç*$"_)G"3$F"1Ç*$F`"A$"P)F"$+S'+.F"&)+.*2%G$+.""á"xxx"á"g"á"xxx"á"g"á"xxx"á"g"á"xxx"á"g"á"xx" 1)G*"3$G*F"%$F)2+F"_1'*"$]$T13$"+)G**2.G*$a"P{.$T$+.F`h"_!"i"JG2a"-"i"+)+" M!H?"5F.c&$"^G$"23"C"'"^G$3^GbG+"Aq'G.*$"z"1'*."P)GF"$."3$"1Ç*$"_F`"A$F"$+S'+.F"^G2"&)+.*2%G$"1)G*"3$F"%$F)2+F" A$"P)F"$+S'+.F"h"""""""""""""""áxxxá""""_!iJG2a"-iI)+`" " 0:!7HI"VG2h"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" "M!L?"VG$3"3bÖB$")+."P)F"$+S'+.Fh" áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxá"" M!\?"7)T%2$+"Aq$+S'+.F"A$"F$]$"SyT2+2+"F)+."'&.G$33$T$+."z"3qy&)3$h""""K2F1)+2%3$":xxx:""E*y^G$+.'.2)+" :xxx:" M!Q?"7)T%2$+"Aq$+S'+.F"A$"F$]$"T'F&G32+"F)+."'&.G$33$T$+."z"3qy&)3$h""K2F1)+2%3$":xxx:"""E*y^G$+.2)+":xxx:"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" M!X?"5.H@!-.HA!F+A!+(?)(-A!GHI!A.(-!B)A!AE.F)@IAgAU"R)G*^G)2"+$"F)+.c23F"1'F"z"3by&)3$"h"_&)&/$d"3$F"&'F$F" '11*)1*2y$F":xxx:g":xxx:g:xxx:g:xxx:g:xxx:"" !"i"9*)1"O$G+$" " " " Li"<.2BT'.2FyF"1'*"$+F$2B+'+.")G"1'*"3$G*F"'T2F" ,"i"1'F"Ab'*B$+.F"1)G*"3$F"S*'2F")G"3$F"G+2S)*T$F" \"i":3F"F)+."A$"T$F"*$3'.2)+F"'+.y*2$G*$F"$."T)+" " @"i":3F"S)+."A$".*'P'23g$T13)2F"1'C'+." T'*2")G"3'"S'T233$"+$"P)+."1'F"3$F"F)G.$+2*" 4"i"9*'P'23"'G"&/'T1"1)G*"3$"Ty+'B$"""""""""""""QiWb$+S'+."$F.".*)1"T'3'A$"1)G*"'33$*"'"3by&)3$" Hi9*)1"ÖByg'"S2+2"3$F"y.GA$F"""""""""""""""""""""""""Xi"0G.*$Uxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx""""""""""" " d'"-rY*Z('+/-+(+/>*h-*F&9,.('"*F&9"*:&"-.*e9-)e9-"*e9-"/'&+"*"9.*F&"*%(@'/9,-"*()'=-+/('.-"*-/*$-92* ,-**$&+"&==(/'&+*,b()$&&)* M,-?"7)T%2$+"A$"S)2F"{.$FcP)GF"'33y"'G"32."'SS'Ty"3'"F$T'2+$"A$*+2Ç*$h" " " áxxxá! " M,!?"R*$+$dcP)GF"3b'3&))3h"_!iJG2a"-iI)+`" " " " " " áxxxá" " M,,?"5F.c&$"^G$"P).*$"T'*2"g"1'*.$+'2*$"&)+F)TT$"^G$3^G$"S)2F"A$"3q'3&))3h"_!iJG2a"-iI)+a"QQiO$"+$" F'2F"1'F"áxxxá" " M,@?"0I!7HIJ!87:1&"5F.c&$"^G$"P).*$"T'*2"g"1'*.$+'2*$"Fq$+2P*$"F)GP$+.a"1'*S)2F")G"O'T'2Fh""áxxxá" """"_!i<)GP$+.a",iR'*S)2Fa"@ij'T'2F`" #XCMKJLIKDH!NF!2=>8!<2"3$"T'*2"+$"%)2."1'Fa"1'F"%$F)2+F"A$"1)F$*"&$..$"^G$F.2)+?""7)A$d"Ü'"&)TT$"e@b" eO'T'2Fb?" d'"-rY*Z('+/-+(+/>*h-*F&9,.('"*F&9"*:&"-.*e9-)e9-"*e9-"/'&+"*"9.*F&/.-*"'/9(/'&+*s$&+&='e9-* ;t"9.F'-uB*-/*,-*F&/.-*=s+(?-* M,4?"0P$dcP)GF"G+".*'P'23"^G2"P)GF"1$*T$."A$"B'B+$d"A$"3q'*B$+.h""s!iJG2a"-iI)+t"""" ""áxxxá" " <:"J8:U"^G$3".*'P'23"S'2.$FcP)GF"1)G*"B'B+$*"A$"3q'*B$+.h"uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu" uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu" uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu" '? &)T%2$+"Aq'*B$+."$+P2*)+"'P$dcP)GF"B'B+y"1$+A'+."3$F"\"A$*+2$*F"O)G*F"1'FFyFh " áxxxxxxxá"E*'+&F" " L!" " 62 " " " " " " $.(-@+l!F+A!BK.-.A!C+A!MIC.(A!IEI!k!2-IFIA+l!L.A!B@.B@+A!+]+*BF+A!B.H@!MI+(!+]BFIGH+@!bHAGHXm!E+! GH+!L.HA!j-+A!AH@+!GH+!F)!@gB.(C)(-+!E.*B@+((+N! !.-+-r*/&9"*)-*/-=:"*+s$-""('.-*'$'*:&9.*-2:)'e9-.*)-"*:%&/&"*,-"*@',&+"*-/*.(""9.-r*F&9"*e9-* )(*.s:&+,(+/-**$&=:.-++-*(F(+/*,-*:&9."9'F.-7*X+-*$&=:.s%-+"'&+*'+"900'"(+/-*v*$-*"/(,-* (::&./-.(*,-"*:.&@)w=-"*:)9"*/(.,*,(+"*)b'+/-.F'-<* d-"*:%&/&"*,-"*@',&+"*,&'F-+/*x/.-*.-:.&,9'/-"*"9.*9+-*$(./-*:)("/'0's-*;9+-*:&9.*$%(e9-* '+/-.F'-<-9.B>*(0'+*e9b')"*:9'""-+/*x/.-*:.s"-+/s"*v*)(*.s:&+,(+/->*-/*e9b-))-*:9'""-*:&'+/-.* F-."*)b'=(?-*e9'*.-:.s"-+/-*)-*='-92*"(*.s:&+"-7* * * * !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#HEH(!RZS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!$.I(A!C+!F)!*.I-Ig!R\S!!!!!!5FHA!C+!F)!*.I-Ig!ROS!!!!!!!!!!1.H-RPS" " M,H?"VG$33$"$F."3'"1'*."AG"*$P$+G"AG"Ty+'B$"^G$"P)GF"S)G*+2FF$dh"" " " "áxxxá" " -i0G&G+" " " ,iR3GF"A$"3'"T)2.2y" " !i=)2+F"A$"3'"T)2.2y" " @i9)G." M,L?"VG2"1*$+A"3$F"Ay&2F2)+F"FG*"P)F"'&.2P2.yF"y&)+)T2^G$Fh"" " " "" áxxxá" " !i"VG$3^GqG+"Aq'G.*$"1*$+A".)G.$F"3$F"Ay&2F2)+F" @i"j$"Ay&2A$"$+F$T%3$"'P$&"^G$3^GqG+" " ,i"j$"1*$+AF"&$*.'2+$F"Ay&2F2)+F" " 4ij$"1*$+AF".)G.$F"3$F"Ay&2F2)+F" " " M,\?"0"3'"S2+"AG"T)2F"3$F^G$33$F"1'*T2"&$F"Ay&3'*'.2)+F"Fb'1132^G$+."z"P).*$"Ty+'B$h" áxxxá" !i"('%2.G$33$T$+."O$"A)2F"$T1*G+.$*" " 4i"('%2.G$33$T$+.""&b$F."y^G232%*y"$+.*$" *$&$..$"$."Ay1$+F$" ,i"7)T1.$*"FG*"3$".*'+FS$*."A$"3q'*B$+."A$"3'"S'T233$" Hi"('%2.G$33$T$+."23"C"'"A$"3q'*B$+." ^G2"*$F.$+." @i"Zy+y*'3$T$+."O$"A)2F"G.232F$*"3$F"y&)+)T2$F"'+.y*2$G*$F"" " M,Q?"0P$dcP)GF"A$F"1*)%3ÇT$F"32yF"z"3b'B*2&G3.G*$h"s!iJG2a"-iI)+t" " " áxxxá" M,X?"0I!72:U"VG$33$F"F)+."3$F"*'2F)+Fh"_&)&/$*"3$F"&'F$F"'11*)1*2y$F`h" """"" " " " " " " " " ":xxx:g":xxx:g:xxx:g:xxx:g:xxx:"" !i"j$"+$"1'F"Aq'&&ÇF"z"3'".$**$" " " " Hi"W'".$**$"+q$F."1'F"S$*.23$" ,i"W$F"'+2T'G]"F'GP'B$F"Ay.*G2F$+."3$F"13'+.$F" " Li"='+^G$"Aq)G.23F" @i"W'".$**$"$F.".*ÇF"3)2+"A$"3'"T'2F)+" " " \i"Ky&)G*'By"z"&G3.2P$*"$."^G$"3$F"" 4i"7*'2+.$"AqG+$"'..'^G$" " " " *$%$33$F"P2$++$+."1)G*"3'"*y&)3.$" " " " " " M@-?"0P$dcP)GF"A$F"1*)%3ÇT$F"Aq'&&ÇF"z"3q$'Gh"s!iJG2a"-iI)+t" " " " áxxxá" " ! ! L," " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 63 " " " " " 3$)%!0#%!>!3#')(#'%!"/(%!?6g?g@+lkL.HA!m!H(!gLg(+*+(-!GHI!Ai+A-!Cg@.HFg!IF!T!-@.IA!*.IA!+-!GH+! -.H-!F+!*.(C+!E.(()I-!C)(A!F+!*IFI+H@!8!!?:e/TKf!`e)DH@! M@!?"0P$dcP)GF"*$ÜG"A$F"1*)AG2.F"'32T$+.'2*$F"AqG+$"JIZ")G"7MJh""" " """ áxxxá" " M@,?"0P$dcP)GF"*$ÜG"A$F"F$T$+&$F")G"'G.*$"T'.y*2$3"'B*2&)3$"AqG+$"JIZ")G"7MJh" áxxxá"" M@@?"0P$dcP)GF"*$ÜG"A$F"'*.2&3$F"Ty+'B$*F"+)+"'32T$+.'2*$F"AqG+$"JIZ")G"7MJh""" áxxxá" " M@4?0P$dcP)GF"*$ÜG"A$"3q'*B$+."AqG+$"JIZ")G"7MJh" """""" """""""""""""""""""""""""" " áxxxá" M@H?"0P$dcP)GF"*$ÜG"A$F"F$*P2&$F"TyA2&'G]")G"A$F"TyA2&'T$+.F"AqG+$"JIZ")G"7MJh"" áxxxá" " M@L?"0P$dcP)GF"*$ÜG"A$F"&)+F$23F"AqG+$"JIZ")G"7MJ"h" " """""""""""" " " áxxxá" M@\?"0P$dcP)GF"*$ÜG"A$"3q'2A$"F&)3'2*$")G"A$"3'"S)*T'.2)+"AqG+$"JIZ")G"7MJh"" " áxxxá" " >:0%f&!$)I(-+()(-J!b+!L.HC@)IA!L.HA!B.A+@!C+A!GH+A-I.(A!AH@!L.-@+!g-)-!C+!A)(-g!)H!E.H@A!CH! C+@(In@+!$7:0! M@Q7)TT$+."yP'3G$*2$dcP)GF"P).*$"y.'."A$"F'+.yh" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " áxxxá" " !i9*ÇF"T'3" @iM2$+" " ,i='3"" 4iR'*S'2." " $++$'4#)$)-#!%/-($0#! dGIKyY*]-*F&9,.('"*F&9"*:&"-.*e9-)e9-"*e9-"/'&+"*"9.*)-"*?.&9:-"**,(+"*)-"e9-))-"*F&9"*x/-"*'=:)'e9s7* 7!?â.$FcP)GF"T$T%*$")G"&/$S"AqG+"A$F"B*)G1$F"FG2P'+.FU" d'"-r*)-"*?.&9:-"*$'1,-""&9"*-/*,-=(+,-.*"'*)b'+/-.F'-*-/*)b9/')'"-.*:&9.*&.'-+/-.* )(*.s:&+,(+/-*v*)(*:s.'&,-*e9'*+&9"*'+/s.-""-B* 74?"0G"&)G*F"A$"A$*+2$*"T)2F"'P$dcP)GF"1'*.2&21y"zU"_!"i"JG2a"-"i"I)+`" O` #y&)+S)*.$*"$."F)G.$+2*"3$F"1'*$+.F"$."P)2F2+F"$+A$G233y$F" " " "áxxxá" N` 02A$*"z"+$..)C$*"$."z"$+.*$.$+2*"3$F"F)G*&$F"Aq$'G"_1G2.F"g"S)*'B$`" " "áxxxá" 3` 02A$*"z"T'2+.$+2*"3$F"*G$F" " " " " " " áxxxá" T` 02A$*"z"'Ty+'B$*"G+$"y&)3$"_1'*"$]$T13$a"&)+F.*G2*$"A$F"F'33$F"A$"&3'FF$`""" áxxxá" +` 02A$*"z"&)+F.*G2*$"G+$"T'2F)+" " " " " " " áxxxá" )` #yG+2)+"A$"3'"&)TTG+'G.y"_1'*"$]$T13$"1)G*"*yF)GA*$"G+"&)+S32.`" " áxxxá" 1` #yG+2)+"S'T232'3$F" " " " " " " " áxxxá" ^` Z*)G1$"Aq'B*2&G3.G*$" " " " " " " " áxxxá" *` 9)G.$"'G.*$"'&.2P2.y"&)TTG+'G.'2*$"_1*y&2F$d???????????????????????????????????????`" " áxxxá" ! G+/.&,9'"-r*)-"*:%&/&"*,-"*@',&+"*KW3L5K*G3G*1*X/')'"-r*F&"*:.&:.-"*-2-=:)-"*:&9.*-2:)'e9-.*h9"e9A(* $-*e9-*F&9"*"&#-r*$-./('+**e9-*)(*.s:&+,(+/-*$&=:.-++-7 :*)DI(+l!GH+!L.-@+!*)IA.(!)!g-g!E.*BFn-+*+(-!Cg-@HI-+!B)@!H(!I(E+(CI+N!e+!L+H]!GH+!L.HA!B+(AI+l! m!GH+F!B.I(-!j-+AkL.HA!E.(?I)(-+!GH+!L.HA!B.HL+l!.M-+(I@!CI??g@+(-A!-TB+A!Ci)IC+N! 5.H@!CgEIC+@!m!GH+F!B.I(-!j-+AkL.HA!E.(?I)(-+J!E.(AICg@+lkL.HA!!E.**+!H(!MIC.(N!>+!BFHA!Ci+)H!IF!T)! C)(A!F+!MIC.(J!F+!BFHA!E.(?I)(-+!L.HA!j-+A!!C)(A!EK)GH+!AI-H)-I.(!GH+!b+!L.HA!EI-+&! * * * !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!5)A!CH!-.H-!RZS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2(!B+H!R\S!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#AA+l!ROS!!!!!!!!!!%]-@j*+*+(-!RPS" *iX/')'"-r*)-"*:%&/&"*,-"*@',&+"*:&9.*'))9"/.-.* R'F"AG".)G." 8+"1$G" 0FF$d" 5].*{T$T$+." )-"*&:/'&+"*,-*.s:&+"-j* &)+S2'+." &)+S2'+." &)+S2'+." &)+S2'+." 7H?9*)GP$*"A$F"B$+F"A$"P).*$"&)TTG+'G.y" -" !" ," @" 1)G*"P)GF"'%*2.$*"1$+A'+."A$G]"F$T'2+$F" 7L?""5T1*G+.$*"A$"3q'*B$+."1)G*"P)GF"'2A$*"z" -" !" ," @" '&/$.$*"A$F"P{.$T$+.F"'1*ÇF"3q2+&$+A2$" 7\?""#'FF$T%3$*"Aq'*B$+."1)G*"+)G**2*"P).*$" -" !" ," @" S'T233$"1$+A'+."4"F$T'2+$F" ! LH" " 66 " " " " " " " >:0%f&!$)I(-+()(-J!b+!L.HC@)IA!L.HA!B.A+@!GH+FGH+A!GH+A-I.(A!AH@!L.A!@+F)-I.(A!)L+E!F)!?)*IFF+J!F+A! )*IA!+-!Ci)H-@+A!*+*M@+A!C+!F)!E.**H()H-gN!5+(A+@!)H!C+@(I+@!*.IA!NNN!5(::-)-r*)-"*.s:&+,(+/-"* ,-*)(*:s.'&,-*-+*F&9"*.s0s.(+/*"9.*)-*$("*@'-+*$&++9*',-+/'0's*:.s$s,-==-+/. ! 0I!72:&!! " :e/TK! +LGSDKO!?:@8"G+$" `e)DH! )G"A$G]"S)2F"1'*" F$T'2+$" %DTRFHI!?=@8" R3GF"A$"A$G]" S)2F"1'*" F$T'2+$" 0I!"7"&!RZS"_1'F" XX")G"P2A$`" 7Q?>"'P'2.c23"^G$3^GqG+"^G2"P)GF"'"*y&)+S)*.y"^G'+A"P)GF"P)GF"F$+.'2F" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" '+B)2FFy$"")G"F)32.'2*$h" 7X?"0P$dcP)GF"P2F2.y"^G$3^GqG+"A'+F"3'"F)2*y$h" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 7!-?"0P$dcP)GF"$T1*G+.y"A$"1$.2.F"&/)F$Fa".$3F"^G$"3$"F$3")G"AG"F'P)+"&/$d" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" ^G$3^GqG+h" 7!!?"0P$dcP)GF"1*{.y"A$F"1$.2.F"&/)F$Fa".$3F"^G$"3$"F$3")G"3$"F'P)+a"z" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" ^G$3^GqG+h" 7!,?">"'".c23"^G$3^GqG+"^G2"P)GF"'"A)++y"A$F"&)+F$23F"1)G*"P)GF"'2A$*"A'+F"G+$" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" F2.G'.2)+h" 7!@?">"'".c23"^G$3^GqG+"^G2""P)GF"y&)G.'2."1'*3$*"A$"P)F"1$+Fy$F"$."P)F" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" F$+.2T$+.Fh" 7!4?"5F."&$"^Gb23"C"'"^G$3^GqG+"^G2"'"1'*.'By"3$F"1*)AG2.F"A$"F)+"&/'T1"'P$&" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" P)GFh" 7!H?"0P$dcP)GF"'11*y&2y"1'FF$*"AG".$T1F"'P$&"A$F"'T2Fh" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 7!L?">"'".c23"^G$3^GqG+"^G2"P)GF"'"'2Ay"z"S'2*$"^G$3^G$"&/)F$"^G2"A$P'2."{.*$" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" S'2.a"&)TT$"3$F".*'P'G]"'G.)G*"A$"3'"T'2F)+a"&*$GF$*a")G"G+$"'G.*$" '&.2P2.yh" 7!\?"0P$dcP)GF"1'*.'By"P).*$"+)G**2.G*$"'P$&"^G$3^GqG+"^G2"+q$F."1'F"G+" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" T$T%*$"A$"P).*$"S'T233$h" 7!Q?"VG$3^GqG+"^G2"+q$F."1'F"G+"T$T%*$"A$"P).*$"S'T233$"'".c23"1'*.'By"F'" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" +)G**2.G*$"'P$&"P)GFh" 7!X?"0P$dcP)GF"'2Ay"G+$"1$*F)++$"T'3'A$"^G2"+q$F."1'F"3$"T$T%*$"A$"P).*$" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" S'T233$h" " ! ! ! " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 67 " " " " " " " $&4/)/"(%$4(/)! >:0%f&!$)I(-+()(-!b+!L.HC@)IA!L.HA!B.A+@!GH+FGH+A!GH+A-I.(A!B.H@!A)L.I@!AI!L.HA!)L+l!?)I-!CX)H-@+A! EK.A+A!)H!E.H@A!C+!3%6":%6%!$7:0N!* " !iJG2" 0:!72:&!1'*S)2F" -iI)+" _!`")G"F)GP$+." _,`h" 0:!!"7"&!RZS" 5!?"0P$dcP)GF"'2Ay"z"*yF)GA*$"G+"&)+S32."$+.*$"3$F"S$TT$Fh" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 5,?"0P$dcP)GF"A)++y"A$F"&)+F$23F"z"^G$3^GqG+h" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 5@?"0P$dcP)GF"P)C'By"/)*F"A$"P).*$"P233'B$h" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 54?"0P$dcP)GF"1'*3y"A'+F"G+$"*yG+2)+h" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 5H?"0P$dcP)GF"&)+.*2%Gy"z"3'"1*2F$"A$F"Ay&2F2)+F"FG*"3'"T'+2Ç*$"A$"Ay1$+F$*" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 3$F"*$FF)G*&$F"A$"P).*$"S'T233$h" 5L?"0P$dcP)GF"&)+.*2%Gy"z"3'"1*2F$"A$"Ay&2F2)+"'G"F$2+"AqG+$"'FF)&2'.2)+h" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 5\?"0P$dcP)GF"&)+.*2%Gy"z"3'"1*2F$"A$F"Ay&2F2)+F"FG*"3'"1*)AG&.2)+"'B*2&)3$"A$" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" P).*$"S'T233$h" ! 3k4'#%%#!+%,-./0/*(;&#" ]-*F('"*F&9"*)'.-*e9-)e9-"*s+&+$s"*$&+$-.+(+/*F&"*"-+/'=-+/"*?s+s.(92*-/*)-"*$&=:&./-=-+/"7*!&9.*$%($9+* ,b-92>*h-*F('"*F&9"*,-=(+,-.*v*e9-)*:&'+/*F&9"*)b(F('"*-2:s.'=-+/s*)(*"-=('+-*,-.+'w.->*#*$&=:.'"* (9h&9.,b%9'7* 3)(.'0'-r*)(*:s.'&,-*,9*/-=:"*'$'*-+*.(::-)(+/*v**)(*.s:&+,(+/-*e9-)*h&9.*&+*-"/>*-/*-+*)9'*,-=(+,(+/* $-*e9b-))-*0('"('/*')*#(*9+-*"-=('+-7*G)*:-9/*x/.-*+s$-""('.-*,-*$&+/.{)-.*)(*:s.'&,-*,-*/-=:"*/&9/*(9* )&+?*,-*$-//-*"-$/'&+7* !(.*-2-=:)-Y*5Y*t]-*0('"('"*@-(9$&9:*,-*=(9F('"*.xF-"*)-*=&'"*,-.+'-.u>*GY*tK/*(F-r1F&9"*-9*,-* =(9F('"*.xF-"**)(*"-=('+-**,-.+'w.-*S*|*5Yt*W&+>*h-*+b-+*('*:("*-9*u7* 5.H@!CgEIC+@!m!GH+F!B.I(-!L.HA!)L+l!LgEH!EK)GH+!A+(-I*+(-!.H!F+!E.*B.@-+*+(-J!I*)DI(+lkL.HA!E.**+! H(!MIC.(N!5FHA!Ci+)H!IF!T)!C)(A!F+!MIC.(J!BFHA!L.HA!)L+l!E.((H!E+!A+(-I*+(-!.H!F+!E.*B.@-+*+(-&! ! * * * !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!5)A!CH!-.H-!RZS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2(!B+H!R\S!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#AA+l!ROS!!!!!!!!!!%]-@j*+*+(-RPS! <)GP$+.a"2+2.2'3$T$+."3$F"*y1)+A'+.F"*y1)+A$+.")G2Ä"z"&$F"^G$F.2)+F?"Wq$+^G{.$G*"A)2."$+FG2.$"F)+A$*a" $+"G.232F'+."3$F"1/).)F""A$F"%2A)+Fa"1)G*"2A$+.2S2$*"z"^G$3"1)2+."$33$"'"*$FF$+.2"&$F"&/)F$F"'G"&)G*F"A$F" A$*+2Ç*$F"F$T'2+$F! " " " " " 68 " " " " " " " E!?"R3$G*$dcP)GF"F)GP$+.h" -" !" ," @" E,?"0P$dcP)GF"/)+.$h" -" !" ," @" E@?"R$+F$dcP)GF"^G$"P)GF"P)GF"T$..$d"$+"&)3Ç*$".*ÇF" -" !" ," @" *'12A$T$+.h" E4>"'".c23"$G"A$F"T)T$+.F")|"P)GF"'P$d"y.y"P2)3$+.a")G"T$+'&y" -" !" ," @" Aq{.*$"P2)3$+."$+P$*F"^G$3^GqG+h" EH?"#$F.$dcP)GF"3)2+"_2F)3$dcP)GF`"A$F"'G.*$F"1$*F)++$Fh" -" !" ," @" EL?yP2.$dcP)GF"&$*.'2+F"$+A*)2.F")G"3$F"B$+F"1'*&$"^Gq23F"P)GF" -" !" ," @" *'11$33$+."A$F"&/)F$F"A)G3)G*$GF$Fh" E\?"0P$dcP)GF"1$G*"F)GP$+.h" -" !" ," @" EQ?"R$+F$dcP)GF""%$'G&)G1"'G]"T'GP'2F$F"&/)F$F"^G2"P)GF"F)+." -" !" ," @" '**2Py$Fh" EX?"02T$dcP)GF"1'FF$*"3$".$T1F"'P$&"3$F"'G.*$Fh" -" !" ," @" E!-?"5F.c&$"^G$"P)GF"y.GA2$d")G".*'P'233$da"1'*"$]$T13$"S'2.$cP)GF" -" !" ," @" A$"3q'B*2&G3.G*$")G"G+"1$.2."&)TT$*&$h" E!!?"0P$dcP)GF"G+"%)+"'11y.2."1)G*"T'+B$*h" -" !" ," @" E!,?"R*$+$dcP)GF"F)2+"A$"P).*$"/CB2Ç+$"1$*F)++$33$"$."A$" -" !" ," @" 3q'11'*$+&$h" E!@?"<$+.$dcP)GF"^G$"P)GF"{.$F"T)2+F"2T1)*.'+.$"^G$"3$F"'G.*$Fh" -" !" ," @" E!4?"='+B$dcP)GF"'P$&"3$F"'G.*$F"B$+Fh" -" !" ," @" E!H?"0P$dcP)GF"A$F"T'GP'2F"*{P$F"3'"+G2.h" -" !" ," @" E!L?"jGF^Gqz"^G$3"+2P$'G"3$F"1*)%3ÇT$F"A$"F'+.y"1/CF2^G$"P)GF" -" !" ," @" 32T2.$+."A'+F"P).*$".*'P'23"^G).2A2$+h" E!\? 0"^G$3"1)2+."'P$dcP)GF"F$+.2"3'"A)G3$G*"1/CF2^G$"h" -" !" ," @" E!Q? 7)T%2$+"Aqy+$*B2$"'P2$dcP)GFh" -" !" ," @" E!X?"jGF^Gbz"^G$3"1)2+."3$F"1*)%3ÇT$F"yT).2)++$3F"P)GF""32T2.$+." -" !" ," @" A'+F"P)F"'&.2P2.yF"^G).2A2$++$F" ! k7k)#"#)4%!dTK!CFTRFHI!BFHFG!g!ML!N\IGFOOF!COWJQDMDUKdTF! >I@+&!$)I(-+()(-J!b+!L.HC@)IA!L.HA!B.A+@!C+A!GH+A-I.(A!AH@!L.A!+]Bg@I+(E+A!FIg+A!m!F)!>6#N!<+@-)I(+A! C+!E+A!+]Bg@I+(E+A!A.(-!Cg@)(D+)(-A!CiT!B+(A+@!.H!Ci+(!B)@F+@N!0I!Ei+A-!F+!E)AJ!(iKgAI-+l!B)A!m!(+!B)A! @gB.(C@+N!3I-+A&!oe+!B@g?n@+!@gB.(C@+!m!F)!GH+A-I.(!AHIL)(-+o!.H!oe+!B@g?n@+!)@@j-+@!C+!B)@F+@!CH! E.(?FI-!+-!C+!B)AA+@!m!)H-@+!EK.A+oN!#HAAIJ!(i.HMFI+l!B)A!GH+!L.A!@gB.(A+A!A.(-!-@nA!E.(?IC+(-I+FF+AN! ! K2:)'$(/'&+*,-*)(*"-$/'&+Y*3-//-*"-$/'&+*-"/*)(*:)9"*"9"$-:/'@)-*,-*$(9"-.*)(*,s/.-""-7*db-+e9x/-9.*,&'/* x/.-*/.w"*"-+"'@)-*v*/&9/*$%(+?-=-+/*,(+"*)b%9=-9.*,-*)(*.s:&+,(+/-*-/*,&'/*:&"-.*,-"*e9-"/'&+"* (F-$*"-+"'@')'/s7*H//-+/'&+*,-*+-*:("*/&=@-.*,(+"*)-*=&,-*t)'"/-*,-*$&+/.{)-u>*:&"(+/*,-"*e9-"/'&+"* "(+"*/-+'.*$&=:/-*,-*)-9.*'=:($/*"9.*)(*.s:&+,(+/-7*G)*-"/*'=:&./(+/*,-*.(::-)-.*(92*.s:&+,(+/-"* e9A-))-"*"&+/*)'@.-"*,-*.-09"-.*,-*.s:&+,.-*v*9+-*e9-"/'&+>**"'*-))-"*+-*"-*"-+/-+/*:("*v*)b('"-7 d'"-rY*]-*F('"*F&9"*$'/-.*:)9"'-9."*sFs+-=-+/"7*4'/-"1=&'>*"b')*F&9"*:)(}/*"'*F&9"*(F-r*,shv*Fs$9*9+*,-* $-"*sFs+-=-+/"7* " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 69 " " " " " " " 5@.EgCH@+&*I'*)(*.s:&+,(+/-*.($&+/-*9+-*%'"/&'.-*e9'*'+/w?.-*:)9"'-9."*,-"*sFs+-=-+/"*$'1 ,-""&9">*F&9"*:&9F-r*=-//.-*;6B*v*${/s*,-*$-))-"*e9'*"b(::)'e9-+/*,(+"*+b'=:&./-*e9-)*&.,.-7* z&9"*+b(F-r*:("*v*s$&9/-.*)b%'"/&'.-*:9'"*$&+/'+9-.*v*,-=(+,-.*v*$%(e9-*:&'+/>*=x=-*$-92* e9b-))-*(*,shv*,'/*e9-**~(*)9'*-"/*(..'Fs7*G)*"900'/*,-*,-=(+,-.*(9*"9h-/*,-*$-92*e9b-))-*+b(*:("* =-+/'&++s"7** <.**+(-!*)@GH+@!F+A!@gB.(A+A&*I(9/-.*"-9)-=-+/**"'*)-*.s:&+,(+/*.-09"-*,-*.s:&+,.-*v*9+-* e9-"/'&+*:(./'$9)'w.->*"'+&+*=-//-r*b\*b>*=x=-*"'*)(*e9-"/'&+*+-*"b(::)'e9-*:("7*!(.*-2-=:)->* ,-"*e9-"/'&+"*"9.*)-"*sFs+-=-+/"*e9'*"&+/*(..'Fs"*v*9+*=(.'*:-+,(+/*)(*?9-..-*1*"'*)(*0-==-* s/('/*$s)'@(/('.->*=(.e9-r*b\*b:)9/{/*e9-*b__b>*:(.$-*e9b-))-*+b(*:("*Fs$9*$-"*sFs+-=-+/" ";6nL9'>*\nW&+>*__nI(9/-.*"'*-))-*.-09"-*,-*.s:&+,.-B* Z!?"VG$3^GqG+"'".c23".2*y"A$F"%'33$F"FG*"P)GF")G"FG*"P).*$"A)T2&23$"" " " " áxxxá" " Z,?";)GF"'P$d"y.y"FyPÇ*$T$+."%'..G")G"G+$"1'*.2$"A$"P).*$"&)*1F"'"y.y"&)G1y"" " áxxxá" " Z@?"VG$3^GqG+"P)GF"'"'..'^Gy"'P$&"G+$"T'&/$..$")G"G+$"'G.*$"'*T$" " """"""""""""""áxxxá" " Z4?";)GF"y.2$d"32B).y")G"$+S$*Ty"&)TT$"1*2F)++2$*"" " " " " áxxxá" " ZH?";)GF"'P$d"y.y")%32By"A$".*'+F1)*.$*"A$"1)2AF"3)G*AF"")G"A$"S'2*$"'G.*$".*'P'23"S)*&y""""" " áxxxá" " ZL?";)GF"'P$d"'FF2F.y"'G]"&)G1F")G"A$F".)*.G*$F"Ab'G.*$F"B$+F" " " " áxxxá" Z\?";)GF"'P$d"y.y".yT)2+"AbG+"T$G*.*$" " " " " " " áxxxá" " ZQ?";)GF"'P$d"y.y"".yT)2+"AbG+"P2)3")G"AbG+"'%GF"F$]G$3"AbG+$"S$TT$" " " áxxxá" " ZX?";).*$"T'*2"'"y.y"'FF'FF2+y")G"$F."T)*."P2)3$TT$+.""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" áxxxá" Si la répondante n'a pas eu de mari pendant la guerre, la réponse doit être '0 '- car elle n'a pas vécu cela. De même pour tous les éléments suivants dans la présente section qui se réfèrent à l'époux de la répondante Z!-?"8+")G"13GF2$G*F"A$"P)F"$+S'+.F"'"y.y"'FF'FF2+y")G"$F."T)*."P2)3$TT$+.""""""""""""""""" áxxxá" Si la répondante n'a pas eu d'enfants pendant la guerre, la réponse doit être '0 '- car elle n'a pas vécu cela. De même pour tous les éléments suivants dans la présente section qui se réfèrent à des enfants de la répondante. Z!!?"0G.*$"T$T%*$"A$"3'"S'T233$")G"G+"'T2"'"y.y"'FF'FF2+y"")G"$F."T)*."P2)3$TT$+.?" áxxxá" Z!,?";)GF"'P$d"$+.$+AG"*yBG32Ç*$T$+."A$F"&)G1F"A$"S$G" " " " " áxxxá" Z!@?";)GF"'P$d"y.y"Fy*2$GF$T$+."%3$FFy$"1'*"A$"*$%$33$F")G"3$F"F)3A'.F" " " áxxxá" Z!4?"W$F"*$%$33$F")+."1233y"P)F"%2$+F" " " " " " " áxxxá" Z!H?";)GF"'P$d"y.y".yT)2+"AbG+"T'FF'&*$i=$G*.*$"&)33$&.2S"A$F"+)+c&)T%'..'+.F?`""""""""""""""""""""""""" " " " " " " " " " " " áxxxá" " Z!L?";)GF"'P$d"y.y".yT)2+"Ab2+&$+A2$"AbG+$"T'2F)+"'P$&"A$F"B$+F"z"3b2+.y*2$G*$" " áxxxá" Z!\?";)GF"'P$d"y.y"$+3$Py?" " " " " " " " áxxxá" Z!Q?";).*$"T'*2"'P'2."A2F1'*G")G"'"y.y"$+3$Py" " " " " " áxxxá" Z!X?"8+")G"13GF2$G*F"A$F"P)F"$+S'+."'P'2."A2F1'*G_F`")G"'"y.y"$+3$Py" " " áxxxá" Z,-?"8+"'G.*$"T$T%*$"A$"3'"S'T233$")G"G+"'T2"'"y.y"$+3$Py" " " " áxxxá" Z,!?"8+"T$T%*$"A$"3'"S'T233$"'"y.y"Fy*2$GF$T$+."%3$FFy"3)*F"A$""&)T%'." " " " " " " " " " " " " " " áxxxá" " " " " " " " " " « Membre de la famille » peut inclure n'importe quel membre de la famille élargie de la répondante. Il n'est pas nécessaire de sonder pour identifier qui il était. " " 70 " " " " " " " Z,,?";)GF"y.2$d")%32By"A$"P)3$*")G"A$"Ay.*G2*$"A$F"%2$+F")G""A$F"1*)1*2y.yF"A$"^G$3^GbG+"Ab'G.*$""" áxxxá" " Notes: Plusieurs de ces points s’appliquent seulement aux répondantes qui étaient avec les rebelles pour une période. Cependant, vous devez demander toutes les répondantes, car il est difficile de savoir a qui ils pourraient s’appliquer et a qui pas. Z,@?";)GF"y.2$d")%32By$"A$".G$*"G+"F)3A'."'AP$*F$"A'+F"3'"%'.'233$"" " " áxxxá" " Z,4?";)GF"y.2$d"S)*&y$""z"1*$+A*$"A$F"A*)BG$F" " " " " " áxxxá" Z,H?";)GF"y.2$d"S)*&y$"A$"%'..*$")G"A$"&)G1$*"^G$3^GbG+"^Gby.'2.""T$T%*$"A$"3'"S'T233$" )G"G+"'T2" " " " " " " " " " áxxxá" " Z,L?";)GF"y.2$d"S)*&y$"A$"%'..*$")G"A$"&)G1$*"G+"&2P23"^G2"+by.'2."1'F"T$T%*$"A$"3'" S'T233$")G"G+"'T2" " " " " " " " " áxxxá" Z,\?";)GF"y.2$d")%32By$"A$".G$*"G+"T$T%*$"A$"3'"S'T233$")G"G+"'T2" " " áxxxá" " Z,Q?";)GF"y.2$d"S)*&y$"z"".G$*"G+"&2P23"^G2"+by.'2."1'F"T$T%*$"A$"3'"S'T233$")G"G+"'T2" áxxxá" " Z,X?";)GF"'P$d"y.y"S)*&y$"z"'P)2*"A$F"*$3'.2)+F"F$]G$33$F"'P$&"G+"/)TT$" " " áxxxá" Z@-?";)GF"{.$F".)T%y$"$+&$2+.$"'1*ÇF"3$"P2)3"$."P)GF"'P$d"$G"G+"$+S'+." " " áxxxá" Vous pouvez sauter cette question si la femme n’était pas violée, mais rassurez vous d’enregistrer ‘0’ ici, pas ‘99’ dans ces cas* Z@!?";)GF"y.2$d")%32By$"A$"T'*&/$*"FG*")G"'%GF$*"'G.*$T$+."A$F"&)*1F"A$F" 1$*F)++$F"Ay&yAy$F"" " " " " " " " áxxxá" " Z@,?";)GF"y.2$d")%32By$"A$".*'/2*"G+"T$T%*$"A$"3'"S'T233$")G"G+"'T2a"$+"3$F"$]1)F'+."" 'G"A'+B$*"A$"3'"T)*.")G"A$F"%3$FFG*$F" " " " " " áxxxá" " Z@@?">"'P'2."23"Ab'G.*$F"F2.G'.2)+F"$SS*'C'+.$F")G"A'+B$*$GF$F"^G$"+)GF"+b'P)+F"1'F" A2F&G.yF""" " " " " " " " " " áxxxá" JG"'G.*$F"&/)F$F"^G$"P)GF"'P$d"Aä"S'2*$h"" 8EM7*0I!72:Y"Ky&*2P$dU" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" Z@H?"0P$d"P)GF"O'T'2F"^G2..y"P).*$"*yB2)+"Ab)*2B2+$"'S2+"AbyP2.$*"3b$+3ÇP$T$+.")G" 3'"BG$**$h"" " " " " " " " " " áxxxá" 8Ec7*I'*LXGf")G"{.$FcP)GF"'33y$h"" " W&/-"Y*,-=(+,-.*v*)(*.s:&+,(+/-*,-*F&9"*$'/-.*/&9"*)-"*-+,.&'/"*&*-))-*-"/*())s-*(0'+*,AsF'/-.* )b-+)wF-=-+/*&9*)(*?9-..-7*K$.'F-r*)-*+&=@.-*,-"*=&'"*e9b-))-*(*:(""s*,(+"*$%(e9-*-=:)($-=-+/* v*${/s*,-*)(*$("-*(::.&:.'s*;$(=:*,-*:-."&++-"*,s:)($s-">*F'))->*$&==9+(9/s*,'00s.-+/-B7*G)* -2'"/-*/.&'"*&:/'&+"*:&9.*$%(e9-*$("*&*)(*.s:&+,(+/-*(*:(""s*,9*/-=:"*,(+"*C*&9*E*$(=:"*,-* :-."&++-"*,s:)($s-"*&9*,(+"*C*&9*E*F'))-"B7* I'*=&'+"*,b9+*=&'">*s$.'F-r*b6*b7* I'*)(*.s:&+,(+/-*(*:(""s*:)9"'-9."*(++s-"*,(+"*9+*)'-9*,-*,s:)($-=-+/>*F&9"*:&9F-r*s$.'.-*)-* +&=@.-*,b(++s-"*v*${/s*,-*)(*$("-*:9'"*v*)(*0'+*,-*)b'+/-.F'-<*.-F-+'.*v*$-*:&'+/*-/*$()$9)-.*)-* +&=@.-*,-*=&'"*1*$-*$%'00.-*,&'/*x/.-*'+"s.s*,(+"*)(*$("-7* 3(*:-9/*(..'F-.*e9-*(9$9+-*,-*$-"*"'/9(/'&+"*+-*"A(::)'e9-+/*:(">*&9*"-9)-=-+/*9+*&9*,-927* Z-//-r*b\*b,(+"*/&9"*)-"*(9/.-">*:)9/{/*e9-*,-*b_b*&9*b__*b>*:&9.*'+,'e9-.*e9b-))-*+A(*:("*s/s*,(+"* $-"*)'-927* " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 71 " " " " " " " tz'))-u*$&..-":&+,"*v*F'F.-*,(+"*9+-*r&+-*9.@('+->*=('"*:("*,(+"*9+*$(=:*,-*:-."&++-"* ,s:)($s-"*;"&'/*$%-r*,-"*:.&$%-"*&9*v*)(*)&$(/'&+*,A9+*)&?-=-+/*-+*F'))-B7* t3&==9+(9/s*4'00s.-+/-u*$&..-":&+,"*v*,s=s+(?-.*,(+"*9+-*(9/.-*$&==9+(9/s*:-.~9-* $&==-*:)9"*"s$9.'"s-*1*=('"*+-*:("*F'F.-**,(+"*9+*$(=:*,-*,s:)($s"7*t4'00s.-+/*$&==9+(9/su** ,&'/*x/.-*-+.-?'"/.s*e9-*"'*)(*.s:&+,(+/-**F'F('/*'+,s:-+,(==-+/*1*"'*-))-*F'F('/*,(+"*9+*$(=:*,-* ,s:)($s">*-+.-?'"/.-r1)(*"&9"*Ä$(=:*,-*:-."&++-"*,s:)($s-"u** * WJ709:JI" " " I%*$"A$"=J:<" sR'F"'1132&'%3$"i"-t" N` 7'T1"A$"As13'&sF""_!`" áxxxxxá" 3` 7'T1"A$"As13'&sF""_,`" áxxxxxá" T` 7'T1"A$"As13'&sF""_@`" áxxxxxá" +` ;233$"_!`" " " áxxxxxá" )` ;233$"_,`" " " áxxxxxá" 1` ;233$"_@`" " " áxxxxxá" ^` 7)TTG+'G.y"A2SSy*$+.$"_!`" áxxxxxá" *` 7)TTG+'G.y"A2SSy*$+.$"_,`" áxxxxxá" F` 7)TTG+'G.y"A2SSy*$+.$"_@`" áxxxxxá" .` 0G.*$F" " " áxxxxxá" " " 56 $TIGFO!IWCFO!Nh\R\HFBFHIO!FI!NFO!JKGJDHOILHJFO!LJITFMMFO!! " dGIKyY*Z('+/-+(+/>*h-*F&9,.('"*F&9"*,-=(+,-.*"'*F&9"*(F-r*Fs$9*$-./('+"*sFs+-=-+/"*e9'*+-*"&+/*:("* )'s"*v*)(*d5H7*K+$&.-*9+-*0&'">*$-./('+-"*,-*$-"*-2:s.'-+$-"*"&+/*,s.(+?-(+/-"*,b#*:-+"-.*&9*,b-+** :(.)-.7*I'*$b-"/*)-*$(">*+b%s"'/-r*:("*v*+-*:("*.s:&+,.-7*4'/-"Y*Ä]-*:.s0w.-*:(""-.*v*)(*e9-"/'&+* "9'F(+/-Ä7*H9""'>*+b&9@)'-r*:("*e9-*F&"*.s:&+"-"*"&+/*/.w"*$&+0',-+/'-))-"7* ;6n*L9'>*\*n*W&+>*__n"'*-))-*.-09"-*,-*.s:&+,.-B! (!?"0P$dcP)GF"1$*AG"P).*$"T'2F)+h"" " " " " " " áxxxá" (,?"0P$dcP)GF"1$*AG"3b'&&ÇF"z"P).*$".$**'2+h" " " " " " áxxxá" " (@?"0P$dcP)GF"1$*AG"A$F"%2$+F"z"&'GF$"A$F"2+)+A'.2)+Fh"" " " " áxxxá" (4?"0P$dcP)GF"y.y"'%'+A)++y"1'*"P).*$"T'*2h" " " " " " áxxxá" (H?"0P$dcP)GF"1$*AG"P)F"1'*$+.F")G"Aq'G.*$F"1*)&/$Fh" " " " " áxxxá" (L?"0P$dcP)GF"$G"G+"32.2B$"&)+&$*+'+."3q'&&ÇF"'G".$**'2+"'G"&)G*F"A$"@"A$*+2$*F"T)2Fh" áxxxá" (\?"5F.c&$"^G$"P).*$"T'*2")G"P).*$"$+S'+."$F."T)*."AqG+$"T'3'A2$")G"AqG+"'&&2A$+.h" áxxxá" " ! ! " " 72 " " " " " " " >+!!C+@(I+@!*.IAJ!L.-@+!*)@IJ!)!-kIF!I&!! _-iI)+a",iJG2a"XXi<'G.$*"F2"$33$"*$SGF$"A$"*y1)+A*$`! 5!H?""#$SGFy"A$"P)GF"1$*T$..*$"A$"*$O)2+A*$"G+"B*)G1$"Aqy1'*B+$")G"Aq'SS'2*$Fh"" áxxxá" 5!L?""#$SGFy"A$"P)GF"1$*T$..*$"A$"1'*.2&21$*"z"A$F"'&.2P2.yF"&)TTG+'G.'2*$Fh" " áxxxá" W&/-Y*X/')'"-r*t&9'u*-/*t+&+u*)&."e9-*$-)(*-"/*:&""'@)->*=('"*t:(.0&'"*&9*$-./('+*b:-9/*x/.-*9/')'"s* )&."e9-*)(*.s:&+,(+/-*+-*"-+/*:("*e9-t*&9'*u&9t*+&+*u*:-9/*F.('=-+/*.-0)s/-.*"(*"'/9(/'&+7* _-iI)+a"!iR'*S)2F")*"7$*.'2+_VG$3^G$F`a",iJG2a"XXiF2"$33$"*$SGF$"A$" *y1)+A*$`* (!H?"0P$dcP)GF"A$"%)++$F"*$3'.2)+F"'P$&"3'"S'T233$"A$"P).*$"T'*2h" " " áxxxá" (!L?"5F.c&$"^G$"P)F"%$'G]c1'*$+.F"P)GF")+."AyOz"'%GFy")G"2+FG3.yh" " " áxxxá" (!\?"0G"&)G*F"AG"A$*+2$*"T)2Fa"P).*$"T'*2"'".c23"'11)*.y"A$"3q'2A$"S2+'+&2Ç*$"1)G*"P)GF" $."P)F"$+S'+.Fh""" " " " " " " " " áxxxá" " d-"*,-92*:&'+/"*"9'F(+/"*"-*.(::&./-+/*v*)(*:-.$-:/'&+*&9*v*)(*:-9.*,-*)(*0-==->*:)9/{/*e9-*)(* .s()'/s7*I'*-))-*,'/*t]-*+-*"('"*:(">*$b-"/*v*)9'*,-*,'.-Ä>*-2:)'e9-r*e9-*+&9"*F&9)&+"*$&++(}/.-*"-"* :-+"s-"*"9.*$-"*"9h-/"7* (!Q?"0P$dcP)GF"1$G*"^G$"P).*$"T'*2"1$G."P)GF"'%'+A)++$*")G"A2P)*&$*"'P$&"P)GF"h" áxxxá" (!X?"0P$dcP)GF"1$G*")G"F'P$d""P)GF"^G$"P).*$"T'*2"'"$G"A$F"*'11)*.F"F$]G$3F"'P$&" Aq'G.*$F"S$TT$Fh" " " " " " " " " áxxxá" ! 3I-+Ak*.I!AiIF!L.HA!BF)r-!AI!L.-@+!*)@I!`!B)@-+()I@+!)!?)I-!F+A!EK.A+A!AHIL)(-+A!)H!E.H@A!C+!C+@(I+@! *.IA&!! _!iJG2a"-iI)+a"XXiF2"$33$"*$SGF$"A$"*y1)+A*$`" (,-?";)GF"'"B2S3y")G"O$.y"^G$3^G$"&/)F$"FG*"P)GF"^G2"1)G**'2."P)GF"%3$FF$*" " áxxxá" (,!?";)GF"'"1)GFFy")G"%)GF&G3y")G"'".2*y"P)F"&/$P$G]" " " " " áxxxá" (,,?";)GF"'"A)++y"G+"&)G1"A$"1)2+B")G"S*'11y"'P$&"^G$3^G$"&/)F$"Aq'G.*$"^G2" 1)G**'2."P)GF"%3$FF$*" " " " " " " " áxxxá" (,@?";)GF"'"A)++y"G+"&)G1"A$"12$Aa"P)GF"'".*'}+y")G"P)GF"'"%'..G" " " áxxxá" (,4?;)GF"'"y.*'+B3y")G"P)GF"'"%*ä3y"$]1*$FFyT$+." " " " " áxxxá" (,H?"0"T$+'&y"AqG.232F$*")G"'"*y$33$T$+."G.232Fy"G+"12F.)3$.a"G+"&)G.$'G")G"G+$"'G.*$"" '*T$"&)+.*$"P)GF" " " " " " " " " áxxxá" áxxxá" (,L?;)GF"'"T$+'&y")G"2+.2T2Ay""z"'P)2*"G+$"*$3'.2)+"F$]G$33$a"T{T$"3)*F^G$"P)GF""""""""""""" +$"P)G3'2."1'F?" (,\?";)GF"'"S)*&y"1/CF2^G$T$+."z"'P)2*"A$F"*$3'.2)+F"F$]G$33$Fa"T{T$"F2"P)GF"+$" "P)G3$d"1'F" " " " " " " " " " áxxxá" (,Q?"5F."A$P$+G".*ÇF"$+"&)3Ç*$"^G'+A"P)GF"'P$d"1'*3y$"z"Aq'G.*$F"/)TT$F" " áxxxá" (,X?"0"2+F2F.y"1)G*"F'P)2*")|"P)GF"{.$F"z".)G."T)T$+." " " " " áxxxá" (@-?"0"$FF'Cy"A$"P)GF"$T1{&/$*"A$"P)2*"P)F"'T2F" " " " " áxxxá" (@!?"0"S'2."A$F"&/)F$F"1)G*"P)GF"$SS*'C$*")G"2+.2T2A$*"$]1*$FFyT$+."_1'*"$]$T13$" 1'*"3'"S'Ü)+"A)+."23"P)GF"*$B'*A$a"$+"&*2'+."$."%*2F'+."A$F"&/)F$F`" " " áxxxá" " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 73 " " " " " " " "" (@,?"0"T$+'&y"A$"S'2*$"T'3"z"P)GF")G"z"^G$3^GqG+"^G2"$F."1*)&/$"A$"P)GF"" " áxxxá" (@@?"0"*$SGFy"A$"A)++$*"3q'*B$+."1)G*"3$F"Ay1$+F$F"A$"Ty+'B$a"T{T$"^G'+A"23" 'P'2."A$"3q'*B$+."1)G*"Aq'G.*$F"&/)F$Fh" " " " " " áxxxá" (@4?"0"1*2F"P)F"*$P$+GF")G"P)GF"y&)+)T2$F"&)+.*$"P).*$"P)3)+.yh" " " áxxxá" (@H?"0P$dcP)GF"&'&/y"P).*$"'*B$+."1)G*"^G$"P).*$"T'*2"g"1'*.$+'2*$"+$"F'G*'2."1'F" 3$F"1*$+A*$h" " " " " " " " " áxxxá" " " 6+*+@EI+l!F)!@gB.(C)(-+!+-!-+@*I(+l!FX!:"1%6d:%_" " " " " 74 Annex 10 " Draft assessment tool for testing (French) " " " " " " +99.V!M`=!@DBI/!B::.::K.9/!/113!I1D!/.:/894!XP894B3BY! " 7)+P$*F2)+"A$"^G$F.2)++'2*$"$+"32+B'3'" H7 K@(+,-)(* 9)d'32"N)F'3'"%)3GN'3GN2"T1)"+'"N)%)+B2F'"T'C$"T'.'32"32FG+B2"C'"N)%2N'"T'3'TG"+'"T'N'+2F2"T1$" +'"32F'+B'"+'N'.2"C'"T%)N'"T1$".)d'32"'Y'"T1)"+'"+'"N).G+'"F)N2"%)N)32+B'"N)F'+B'+'"+'"%2F)"+'" %)3GN'3GN2")C)?"9)d'32"N)F'3'"$3)+B)"T)N)"+'"7'*2.'F"+'"T)F'3'")C)?" pQGWH*VH*JLdXkHdXkG*LVL"U"9)G.'N2"N)SG+B)3'"T2.G+'")C)"$N)FG+B'"%2F)"N)F'3'"3)3$+B$"C'"N)%2N'" T'3'TG"+'"T'N'+2F2"T1$"+'"32F'+B'"+'"N'.2"C'"T%)N'?" 92+'"C'"%)3GN'3GN2")C)"$d'32"T1)"+'"N)C$%'"F)N2"T2.G+'")C)"$d'32"N).'T%)3'"T'3'TG?" PdGQLZJH*KyHdG*QK"U"" M2C'+)"+'"%)3GN'3GN2"$N)F'32F'"%2F)"N)SG+B)3'"3)3$+B$"C'"N)%2N'"T'3'TG"+'"T'N'+2F2"T1$"+'"32F'+B'" +'"N'.2"C'"T%)N'?9)d'32"+'"$3)N)".$"C'"N)1$F'"T%'3'"T)N)"+'"%'.)"%'N)F'+B'+'"+'"%2F)"+'" %)3GN'3GN2"Y'+'?" PdLdKW8K*VH*ZGQXWH"U"" I'N).G+'"%2+)"T2.G+'"32N)3)"+'"%)T)2a"T2F'3'"+'C)a"N)T2C)N'a"3)3$+B$")%2N'N2"N'3'"T1$"F2N'Y'?" pJN)N2"N)12T%Y'"T2.G+'".)"N).2N'"+B)+B'"+C)F)"U"JN)N2"N)dY'"T)N'+)"C'"N)%)C'"N)C'+)3'"+'" T2.G+'"+C)F)a".)")N)N2"N)3)%'"+.'+B)"T2.G+'"T)N)"$d'32"N)F'3'"C)"T'%$"T1$")N)1GT%GN'" C'+B)?5d'32"+'"32.)T%'".$"N)C'+)3'"+'"T2.G+'"+C)F)"T1$"C'+B)"$N)N2"N)F'3'"T'%$.$"+'"32FG+B2")C)" %'N)N2"N)dY'"+'"32F'+B'"F)+B)3)?" p<5k5W5"U"" %2C'+)"%2+F)"$N).2N'3'"F$N$3$"C'"+B'2"+'"C)a"T1$"N'N'"%'N)+d2"" >'"T)F'3'")C)"+A$"%'N)N'"N)C$%'?" p<)N2")d'32"+'"T).G+'".)"T'.G+B2F2")N)N2"N)NG.'".)"N)C$%2F'"+A$N)"5.2$++$"IM0W5"C'"7'*2.'F".)"N)C'" +'"%G*$'G"C'"7'*2.'F?"JN)N2"N)1$F'"%2F)"+A'N2F'"C'"N).G+'"T2.G+'h"<)N2".$a"T1)"+'"+2+2h" M?"I(+?&*Z&@'=@("""""""""""""""""""""""""""""c,c" M!?"""Jd'"+'"T%G3'"%)+2" M,?"JF2")%'3'"h" *6n*"'T&#&*&@()'*S*Cn"'T&#&*&r(*T&@'T(*+(*=&@()'*S* En&T90-)'*=&@()'*S*Mn@&r()'*-"'T(*=&T&*S*On@&T(@<(+(*S*cnL@()(*/-*S>&@'T(T(*=:-*+(*=&@()'*/-*S* [n"(+?&*=&"9"9*S* M@?I'+2"+A$"T)N)3)"T%)N'"h" 6n@'+&************************Cn=&@()'*+(*#&**************En=&/&*=&"9"9* M4?""JFGN'"+'"N$3'F2"+2+2h" MH?""JN)N2"N).'+B'"T)N'+A'"+.)"%GNG"T'3'TGh" ML?""JN$+A'N'"+'"3)F'T%)h" 6n=&T&)&*=&T&*T(/'*+(*=:&"&**Cn=@()(*@&+'*+(*"(+r(*EnT(T(*=&T&)&*#(*0-"/&*Mn+#&"&*/-RT(T(* =(/(+?(* M\?"JT2C)N'N'"3)N)3'"TY'+'"T%)N'"+.)"T)1'C'h" " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 75 " " " " " " " 6n=<(+(*#(*=@&T(****Cn=&:(#(****En+(#-@'*/-* MQ?"Jd'32"N)T2T)+'"3)N)3'"T)N2T2"h" MX?"I'+2"+A$"T)N)3)"T%)N'"h"M)d'32"%'.)"%)+2"+'"T%)N'" 6n@'+&*****Cn=&@()'*+(*#&***En*=&/&*=&"9* M!-?"J%).2"%'+'"%)+2ha"M'+F)"%'d'32"+'"%)T)2h* M!!?"M'+'"%)+2"+A$"%'NGS2h" M!,?Jd'32"+'"%'+'"%)+2"C'"%'+A$N)")C)")d'32"N)%)N)3'"" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""c@c" <)N2")d'32"+'"%'+'")%).2" M!@?M'+'")%).2"%'S'+A'N'"+'"C)"$3)+B)"h" M!4?9'.'"+'"%'+'"+'C")"'d'32"+'"%)T)2h" M!H?"9'.'"+'"%'+'"+'"C)a'FG+B'N'"C)+"'"T)NGT%'_&/'*B$`"C'"%'+'h" M!L?k)3)+B)3'"C)+"'"9'.'"+'"%'+'aT).)"T)FGFG"'FG+B'N'"C)+"'"&/'*B$"C'"%'+'h" <)N2"2C)U"+'+2" M!\?JC$%2"T%G3'"C'"%'+'"+'"C)"%'+F)h" M!Q?M)+2"%'d'32"+'"N$3'F2"F2N)C)h" M!X?M'+'"%)+2"%'d).'+B'".$"h" M,-?=1)"+'"+2+2h"" 6n(r(*+(+&*-)-+?-*;=&T-B*Cn=@&+?&*-r(+?'*=:&*+(*T&09/(*T-)("'>T&"&=@(*9+'0&.=-* En@("()(*=&"()(*&*#(*)'09/'*Mn@(@(/-)(T(*=@&T(R=&"()(*-r(+?(*)'09/'*On(T'='*=(/9+?'"'*#(*@(+'+?(* cn@(+(*+(*+?('*+(*&#&>+(@&/(T'*+(*/(/(*+/&*)'@()(*=&"9"9>=&@()'*+(*+?('*+(*)'@&/(*+(*#-****@(T&T(* /-*T&r<(*@(+?&*+(*$%(.?-7*[n=<(+(*(@-)(T(*@-)(T(*='+?'**^n=&"9"9* I'T&#&*+()'+?(T'*+(*/9+(*=<(*=&/9+(*)'T&)&*#(*=(#-*=(/()'*@')-'*+(*T&=-)(7* M,!?"=1)F)"%)+2"$3$N2")3'3'N2"+d'3'h" M,,?JT$3'N'"T'F'+B'h" M,@?=)%'32"+'C")"'T$3'N'"T'F'+B'h" M,4?<)N2"+A2C)"'T$3'N'a'3'+BY'N'"+B)+B'"+C)F)aT%'3'"T)FGFG".)".$" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""c@c" I'T&#&*+()'+?(T'*+(/9+(*=<(*=&/9+(*)'T&)&*#(*=(#-*=(/()'*T&@'T(*+(#&*+(*)'@&/(*Y************* M,H?""Jd'32"+'"T)F'3'")C)"$FG+B'N'"C)"N)dY'"T%)+B)h" '?<)N2"+A2C)"UT)F'3'"+2+2"+A$")F'3'N'"T1)"+'"N)dY'"T%)+B)" %?=%)+B)"%)+2")dY2"F2T'"C'"T2N)3)"+F'T%)" M,L?"J1$F'N'"T%)+B)"%)+2"T1)"$FG+B'"+A'N)h" 6nK)&T&*/-*****Cn=&T-*******EnT&)-T(*T(/'T(/'*********Mn+#&"&* M,\?"""I'+2"+A$"'dY'N'"T)N'+)"32N)3)"C'"T'C$"T'.'32"T)T%)+B)h" 6n=&/&*=&"9"9*+,-*(r<(T(*=&T(+&*+#&"&* " " 76 " " " " " " " Cn+?('*=:-*+(r()(T(*-)&+?&*+(*@(#-*@(r<(T(*=&T(+&* En/&r<(T(*=&T(+&*+(*=&/&*=&"9"9* Mn+(r<(T(*=&@-T&*+#&"&* M,Q?"I'"FGN'"C'"F'+d'"T'N'T%)"T'C$"$N)N'+2"+'"+A'N)"+'"C)h" 6n&,-0(T(* Cn&r-)(T(*)'@&/(*@(/'+,-)(*=@&+?&* En&"()-)(T(*@')&T&*+(#&*#(*T()(* Mn&"()-)(T(*+(*=&=-"-+&* On&r()(T(*+(*=@&+?&*/-* M,X?Jd'32"+'"T2N'N'.'+)"+'")C)"$.'32"T2F'3'"C'"%23'+B'"h" M@-?<)N2"+A2C)"U"I.2+'"+'C'+B)"+2+2"h" 6n@&r(+?'*=(@-)-*#(*T&)&+(* Cn@(+*#(=(*#(*r(=@(*@(r()'*T&@-@'"(*=')&+(* En@')(+?(*-r()'*=&"'T(*+(*=@&T(* Mn@&@(+?'*@(+?9+(* On=(@-)-*-)=@'* cn@&r(+?'*@'"()-)'*#(*=&"()(*************************1M1* [n@&@(+?'*T&"()(*@')(+?(*=:&*+(*@(+?9+(*;@(/&=@&T'B** M@!?M)d'32"+'"N1)N)F)"C'"%)dY2"T'2"h"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" k'.2"+'"F'+d'"T2F'.)"$3$N2"+'"+B)+B'")C)"%)d'3'N2"N)%2T2F'"+BG%'" M@,?M)dY'N2"%23)N)"C'"N)32'"N)G.'"+'"JIZ"+.)"0FF)&2'.2)+"F)+B)3)h"" M@@?M)dY'N2"T%GT'"C'"N)3)+'".)"%2F'3$32"C'"T2F'3'"C'"%23'+B'"N)G.'"+'"JIZ".)"'FF)&2'.2)+h" M@4?M)dY'N2"%23)N)")C)"C'"N)32'".$a"N)G.'"+'"JIZ".)"'FF)&2'.2)+h" M@H?M)dY'N2"32FG+B2"C'T"%)+B)"N)G.'"+'"JIZ".)"'FF)&2'.2)+h" M@L?M)dY'N2"32FG+B2"C'"%'"T2+B'+B'".)"+N2F2"N)G.'"+'"JIZ".)"'FF)&2'.2)+h" M@\?M)dY'N2"T'.$C'"N)G.'"+'"JIZ".)"'FF)&2'.2)+h" M@Q?M)dY'N2"32FG+B2"C'"N).'+B2F'"%'+'".)"T'.$C'"N)G.'"+'"JIZh" I'T&#&>*+()'+?(T'*+(/9+(*=&/9+(*&#&*-/()'*@&T&)&+?&+&*@<(*+r&/&*T(/'"#(*"(+r(*-)-T'* M@X?<'+.$"+'"C)"$d'3'N2"+A$+B$"+2+2"+'"F'+d'"$3$N2h" 6n=(@-*='+?'****Cn=(@-*********En=()(=9*********MnT'/&T&* 37*W()'+?'+?(T'*+(*/9+(*=&/9+(*+(*=(T(=@&*-/()'*)'"(+?(*+(*@'+&*;/-n&B* 7!?Jd'32"T)N)"+'"%'N'T%2".)"T)N'T%2"C'"32F'+B'"U" (B d'"(+?(*#(*@("()-)'* @B d'"(+?(*#(*)'T-)-=@(* $B d'"(+?(*#(*@()&+'* ,B d'"(+?(*#(*@(@&T&)'*@'@<-)-* -B d'"(+?(*#(*@(*=(=(+* " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 77 " " " " " " " 0B d'"(+?(*#(*)'@&/(*;0(='))-B* ?B d'"(+?(*#(*@("'*@(T90-)'*='@()'* %B d'"(+?(*#(*@(#-=@'* 'B d'"(+?(*#(*@(#(=@'* hB d'"(+?(*#(*@(#-*@("(=@-)(T(* TB d'"(+?(*#(*)s?'&++('.-"* )B d'"(+?(*=&"9"9* """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""cHc" 7,?=)F'3'"+2+2"32FGFG")C)")N'T%'N'"+'"N'.2"C'"32F'+B'"h"""""""""""""""""""""""""" <)N2"+A2C)"" <)N2"T)FGFGa")N)3)%'uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu??" (n=&T(=@'*(*)'+?&=@(*#(*Wr(=@-* @n=&T(=@'*#(*(""&$'(/'&+* $n=(=(+*$&+"-'))w.-"* ,n=&)(T'"'*#(*)'"(+?(*#(*@(*=(=(+* -n=&T&+r'*#(*='"()(*#(*@')(+?(R#(*@(/'=&)'*=(@(+?(*#(*/()&* 0n=&T(=@'*#(*=("(+?(*#(*)'T-)-=@(* ?n='+?(+?(*#(*+T'"'*#(*@(T&T&* %n=&T(=@'*#(*@(*=(/(+?(* 'n=&T(=@'*#(*@')-+?-* hn=&"9"9* I'T&#&*+()'+?(T'*+(*/9+(*=<(*=&/9+(*)'T&)&*#(*)&)-+?-*#(*='"()(*&#&*&"()(T'*9/(*@(+(*@(r&+?'* +(*T-)("'U" 74?k)%'+A'"%'+'"%'d)+B2"+'"N$3'F2")F'32"+2+2"h" (B*k&)-+,'"(*=:-*T&"9+?(*=(@&/(*&#&*-r<(=(T'*+(*)'T(=(*#(*)'<(*#(*@(*F&'"'+* @B*T&"()(*"()&+?&*:-+-**#(*=('*;:9'/>*:&=:-ÅB* $B*T&"()'"(*+(*"()&+?&*#(*+r-)(* ,B*T&"()(*"()&+?&*#(*T&@&+?'"(*+,(T&*#(*T-)("'* -B*T&"()'"(*+(*T&/&+?(*+,(T&* 0B*)'"(+?(*#(*=@&T(* ?B*)'"(+?(*#(*)'@&/(*;0(='))-B* %B*)'"(+?(*#(*@()&+'*@')(+?(*/&*-)(+?(*#(*)'+?&=@(*****'B*)'"(+?(*=&"9"9*+(*T(/'*#(*=@&T(* I&T'*+,(T&*+(*#&*-r'T'*=&@'=@(*+(*=&/&>*&T(+'"'*+,-+?-*#(*)'"9+?'*T(+'*+,-*&T&T'*T&r<( ?" c" I'd'32"+'" I'd'32"+'" =Y'" IA2C)"+'d'32" &)+S2'+&$".$"" &)+S2'+&$"T)N$" &)+S2'+&$" +'"&)+S2'+&$" $d'32""""""""""" +C)F)" 7H?)N)N2"N)dY'"%'.)"+'"N'.2"+'"T%)N'")C)" " " " " )N)N'"N)S'+A'"$1'2"+'"%'+B)"T1)"+'"1)F)" " " 78 " " " " " " " T2%'3$h" 7L?"JN)N2"N)A$S'"T%)+B)"T1)"$FG+B'"C)""+'" " " " " N)F)T%'"%23'T%'"F2T'"C'"+A'N)"N)d2N'"h"" 7\?JN)N2"N)F'+B2F'"T%)+B)")C)"$N)N'" " " " " N)F'32F'"32%).'"+'"C)"T1)"+'"1)F)"T2+$2"h" " QHW8H*YW()'+?(T'*+(*/9+(*"'T&#&*=&/9+(*)'T&)&*#(*@&0(+,'*+(*#&*T(/'*+(*)'@&/(>@(+'+?(*=:-*@(/&* =&"9"9*+(*T(/'*#(*=@&T(7* 7Q?I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a$d'3'N2"+'"T).)"T)N)"'3$+A2F'N2"C)"+'"+B)+B'")C)")d'3'N2"+'"T'Y'".)"+.'+B)" )d'3'N2"C)"T)N)"h" 7X?I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a)N$+A$N2"N).'3'"T).)"T)N)"+'"T1)NY'"h" 7!-?I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a)F$+B'N2"%23)N)"T)N$"T)N$"3)N)3'"F'%G+2aTG+BY'"$1'2"C'"T).)h" 7!!?I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a)A$S'N2"%23)N)"T)N$"T)N$"3)N)3'"F'%G+2".)"TG+BY'"$1'2"C'"T).)h" 7!,?I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a"$d'32"+'"T).)"T)N)"'3$+A2F'N2"C)aT1)"+'"N)F'32F'"C)+"'"32N'T%)"T)N)h" 7!@?I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a$d'3'N2"+'"+A$N)"T)N)")C)"'C)N'N2"C)"+.'+B)")d'3'N2"N)F)3)3'"T'N'T%)"C'" T'N'+2F2"+'"C)"h" 7!4?I'"F'+d'"$3$N2aT).)"T)N)"'N'%$3'N2"C)"%23)N)"C'"%23'+B'"+'"C$h" 7!H?I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a)F$1$3'N2"N)3$N2F'"+B)+B'"+'"%'+2+B'h" 7!L?I'"F'+d'"$3$N2aT).)"'F'32F'N2"C)"+'"$3)N)")C)"$F$+B'3'N2")F'3'a3)N)3'"T2F'3'"1$+$"C'" +A'N)aN).2T)3'"[7".)"T2F'3'"T)FGFGh" 7!\?I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a)F232")N'%)3'"%23$2"+'"T).)")C)"'d'32"+'"32%).'"+'"C)".$h" 7!Q?I'"F'+d'"$3$N2aT).)")C)"'d'32"+'"32%).'"+'C")".$a)F232")N'%)3'"+'"C$"%23$2"$3)+B)h" 7!X?I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a)F232")FG+B2"T).)"+'"T1'F2")C)"'d'32"+'"32%).'"+'C")".$h" 47kLZGkLkHY* k&/(+?(Y*W()'+?(T'*+(/9+(*=<(*='/9+(*#(*T&#-@(*"&T'*&"()(T'*=(T(=@&*=&"9"9*+(*"(+r(*-)-T'U" K!?"JF'32F'N2"N).2'"N2T2'"+'"N'.2"C'"%'F2h" K,?"J1$F'N2".)23"+'"T).)"T)N)h" K@?"I'"F'+d'"$3$N2")F'3'N2"T)%$T%)h" K4?"I'"F'+d'"$N$N2a)dY'N2"T'3)%'"+'"32F'+B'h" KH?"I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a)F'+B2F'N2"T2N'+)"3)3$+B$"C'"N)F'3$3'"%23)N)"C'"32%).'"3C'"%2+)"h" KL?"I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a)F'+B2F'N2"T2N'+)"N'.2"+'"'FF)&2'.2)+"h" K\?I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a)F'+B2F'N2"T2N'+)"32N)3)"3C'"T%GT'"C'"%23'+B'"C'"32%).'"+'"%2+)"h" kLQHW8H*YI'T&#&>*+()'+?(T'*+(*/9+(*=<(*='/9+(*)'T&)&*+(*='"()(*=#(*#&*T(/'*T(/'*#(*)'@&/(*=:-* =&@()'*+(*=&@()'*+(*#&*Y* KQ?"M)C)N'+'N'"T'3'TGa"C)"+'"T)%'32"+'"C)"3)3$+B$"C'"N)F'3$3'"%23)N)"C'"+A'N)a+A'N2F'"UT%)+B)".)" T'%$3$"h" KX?"=)%'32"'.G+'N'"T'N'+2F2"+'"C)"+'"+B)+B'"'dY'T'N'"+'"N1)N)F)"h" K!-?"Jd)+B2F'N'"T)%'32"+'"C)"+'"+d$3'"T'3'TG"+.'+B)"'F'3'N'"T'%$"h" " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 79 " " " " " " " K"!!?"=)%'32"+'"C)"'F$1$3'N'"T1)")N$+A$"N)F'+B'+'"+'"32F'+B'"h" K!,?"=)%'32"+'"C)"'F$1$3'N'")F'3'"TY'"T)T%)+B)"h" K!@?"=)%'32"+'C")"'F$1$3'N'")d'3'"T)N'T%2"+'"32F'+B'h" K!4?"=)%'32"+'"C)"'C)N'N'"C)"h" K!H?"I'"F'+d'"$3$N2aT)%'32"+'C")"'%)C'N2".$b")N).'"+'"32N$3$T%'h" K!L?"I'"F'+d'"$3$N2aT)%'32"+'"C)"'%)C'N2")N$+A$"+'"T)F'3'"C'"32F'+B'"C'"T%)N'"h" K7**W()'+?'*+(*+(/9+(*)'T&)&*)#(*=(T(=@&*#(*@'r()-)'*+(*#&*=:-+r(7k&@(+,(*='T&)&*=#(*='/(+&*-)-T'* /---*)-)&U" 5!?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")3$3'N'"+.'+B)"+C)F)h""""""""""""""""""""""""cQc" 5,?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")C)N'N'"+F)+2h" 5@?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a"+N'+A'"+)N2"+)N2h" 54?"?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a").GT)3'N'"%'.)"T2+B2h" 5H?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")S'+A'N'"T)F2N'"+'"%'.)h" 5L?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")%)C'N'"%2F2N'"%'.)"%'d'32a"T1)"$3'TGF'N'"%'1'F2" )C)")dY'N'h" 5\?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")d'3'N'"N'N'"+'"N)%'+B'h" 5Q?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")N'+2F'N'"T2+B2"32N)3)"3C'"T'N'T%)")C)"$N)T$3'N'" C)h" 5X?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")32+B'N'"N)3$N2F'"+B)+B'"+'C")"+'"%'+2+B'h" 5!-?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a").'+B'N'".)")F'3'N'"T)F'3'a"+A'N2F'U"T)F'3'"C'" %23'+B'".)"C'"T)T%)+B)h" 5!!?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")C)N'N'"T1)F'"C'"%23$2"F)3)"_'11y.2.`h" 5!,?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")F'3'N'"%)1$.)"+'"+d).)"+'C")"F)3)h" 5!@?""k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")N'+2F'N'".$"e)d'32"+'".2+'".$"N)3$N'"%'FGFGh" 5!4?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")32'N2"+'%'.)"%'FGFGh" 5!H?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")3).'N2"%'"+A).)"C'"T'%$"T'%$h" 5!L?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")1$N2F'T'N2"+'"T'N'T%)"C'"+d).)"+'"T)F'3'"+'C")" 3)N)3'"T)T$F$+)h" 5!\?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")C)N'N'"N)3GT'3GT'"+'"+d).)h" 5!Q?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a")d'3'N'"+'"T'N'F2h" 5!X?"k)%'+A'"T2N)3)"TC'"T2.'+)"$3$N2"N2+)"3$3)a)1$N2F'T'N2"+'"T'N'T%)"C'"T'N'+2F2"+'"T)F'3'" 3)N)3'"T)T$F$+)h" kLQHW8HY*I'T&#&*+()'+?'*+(/9+(*='/9+(*)'T&)&*)#(*=(T(=@&*&#&*&@'T-)(T'*+(*@(*d5H?" E!?=).)"T)N)"'%$.'N2"C)"T'F'F2".)"+'"T%)N'"+'"C)h" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""cXc" E,?J%$.'T'N2"T'N'F2".)"%'N'.'N2"$.$+2"C'"+d).)"+'"C)h" E@?=2N)3)"T23$N2a"T).)"T)N)"'3'+A'N2"%2+)"+'"T)1'+B'"_T%$32`".)"$3)N)"T)FGFGh" E4?M'N'+B'N'"C)+"'"%)3)N)h" " " 80 " " " " " " " EH?M'T$T2F'N'"C)"T2NGT%'"C'"N23)".)")F'3'N'"T2F'3'"+'"T'N'F2h" EL?M'%$.'N'"T).)".)"%'C)N2F'N'"%'.)"T1'F2")"T2F)"T'"C)h" E\?M'%)T'N2"T).)")T2F)"T'"C)h""" EQ?M'.'T%)3'N2"+'"TY'F2"+'"T'N'F2")"T2F)"T'"C)h" EX?M'%)T'N2"T)%'32"+'"C)h" E!-?M'%)T'N2"TY'+'".)"%'+'"%'"C)h" E!!?M'%)T'N2"+A$N)"C'"32%).'"3C'"C)".)"T)+2+B'h" E!,?='F'F2"$3$3'N2"+B)+B'"+C)F)h" E!@?M'd)N2F'N2"C)"1).'"T'N'F2"+'"%'.)T%)N2h" E!4?M'.)T%)N2"%'%).)3'N2"%23)N)"%C'"C)h" E!H?Jd'3'N2".$T)2+"+'"$F2N'")C)"%'d'3'N2"N)%)T'"%'.)h" E!L?Jd'3'N2".$T)2+"+'"$F2N'")C)"%'.GT%'N2"%'.)+"'"+A'N)h" E!\?M'N'+BN2"C)"3)N)3'h" E!Q?M'N'+B'N2"T)%'32"+'C")".)"'%G+B'h" E!X?=Y'+'".)"%'+'"%'"C)"%'N'+B'N'"T1$"%'+B)".)"%'%G+B'h" E,-?M'N'+B'N'"+A$N)"+'C")".)"T)+2+B'"+'"C)h" " """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""c!-c"" kLQHW8HY*W()'+?'*T&/(+?-)(*#&*=(T(=@&*<(+(*"&T'*&)'+?'>*#-@'"(*+?('*=(T(=@&*=(#-** E,!?IA$N)"+'"C)"'d)N'N'"1).'"T'N'F2"+'"%2.GT%'h" E,,?M'C'N'"N)C2%'".)"N)%$%2F'"%23)N)"C'"%'.)+"'"T%)N'h" E,@?M'N'+B'N2"C)+"'"T'N'F2"N)%)T'"%'F)A'"+'"%2.GT%'h" E,4?M'N'+B'N2"C)+"'"T'N'F2"N)T$3'"%'+B2h" E,H?M'N'+B'N2"C)+"'"T'N'F2")%$.'".)")N'.'"+A$N)"+'"C)".)"T)+2+B'"+'C")h" E,L?M'N'+B'N2"C)"+'"T'N'F2")%$.'".)")N'.'"T).)"T)FGFGh" E,\?"M'N'+B'N2"C)"+'"T'N'F2")%)T'"+A$N)"+'"C)".)"T)+2+B'"+'C")h" E,Q?"M'N'+B'N2"C)"+'"T'N'F2")%)T'"T).)"T)FGFG")C)"'d'3'N2"+A$N)"+'"C)".$h" E,X?"M'N'+B'N2"C)"+'"T'N'F2"N)F'+B2F'"+d).)"+'"C)"+'"T)%'32h" E@-?9'+B)"%'.'T%)3'N2"+'"C)"+'"T'N'F2")T$T'N2"d$T2"T1$")%).'N2"TY'+'h" E@!?" E@,?"M'N'+B'N2"C)"+'"T'N'F2").$N'"+A$N)"+'"C)".)"T)+2+B'"T1)"%'%)T'".)"%'d)N2F'"C$h" E@@?"='N'T%)"T)FGFG"$d'32")C)".)F)3)32".$h" E@4?"<)N2"$d'32a"3)%'" E@H"?JN2T'"T%)N'"+'"C)".$"T1)"+'"%2.GT%'"h" E@L?"<)N2"+A2C)a")N$+A'N'"+A$"Y'12h" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""c!!c" " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 81 " " " " " " " Z,\?"I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a"T)%'32"+'"C)"'N'+B'N2"C)"+'"T'N'F2"T1)"+'"N)F'+B2F'"+d).)"'.'"+N)")32+B'N2" .$h" Z,Q?"I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a"T)%'32"+'"C)"'N)T'N2"+'"N'+A'"F)N2")F)3)32"+'"T)%'32"T)FGFGh" Z,X?"I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a"T)%'32"+'"C)"'32+B'N'"N).2'+'"T1)"+'"N)C$%'"Y'12"+A$")d'32"+'"+B)+B'"+C)F)h" Z@-?"I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a"T)%'32"+'"C)"'T$N'N2"N)1$N2F'"C)")N$+A$"N).'3'"%'+2+B'h" Z@!?"I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a"T)%'32"+'"C)"'%'+B2F'N2"C)".)"'B'+B$3'N2"C)h" Z@,?"I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a"T)%'32"+'"C)"'.G+B2F'N2"C)".)"T)FGFG")C)"'S'+A2"$1'2"+'"C)h" Z@@?"I'"F'+d'"$3$N2aT)%'32"+'"C)"'%)C'N2"N)1$F'"C)"T%)+B)"T1)"+'"32FG+B2"C'"+A'N)"'.'"+N)"'d'3'N2" +'"T%)+B)"T1)+'"T'N'T%)"T)FGFGh" Z@4?"I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a"T)%'32"+'"C)a"'dY'N2"$3)N)".)"T%)+B)"+'"C)"'.'"+N)")32+B'N2".$h" Z@H?"?"I'"F'+d'"$3$N2a")%)T%'N2"T%)+B)"+'C")"+'"F)T)"C'"N)%'+B'"T)%'32"+'"C)"T1)"'dY'".$h" " " " " 82 Annex 11 " Preparation of database " " " " " " +99.V!MM=!HD.JBDB/819!1I!2B/BEB:.! " 2$-9*'/&)3!7$'($20#%! 7*$'.$"+$Y"P'*2'%3$"S*)T"T'*2.'3"F.'.GF"_M,`".)"2+A2&'.$"Y/$./$*"./$"*$F1)+A$+."2F"Y2./"'"1'*.+$*")*" +).?"e[2./"1'*.+$*b"_!`"2+&3GA$F"T'**2$A"'+A"&)c/'%2.2+Bf"eY2./)G."1'*.+$*b"_-`"2+&3GA$F"A2P)*&$Aa" F$1'*'.$Aa"Y2A)Y$A"'+A"F2+B3$?"" #57JK5"^G$F.2)+"'%)G."Y/$./$*"*$F1)+A$+."2F"/$'A")S"/)GF$/)3A"_MQ`".)"2+A2&'.$")+3C"Y/$./$*"./$" *$F1)+A$+."2F"/$'A")S"/)GF$/)3Aa")*"F)T$)+$"$3F$"2F"/$'A")S"/)GF$/)3A"_.)"2+&3GA$"e/GF%'+Ag" 1'*.+$*ba"'+A"e)./$*b`?" #57JK5"^G$F.2)+"'%)G."T)+./3C"S2+'+&$F"_M,\`".)"2+A2&'.$"Y/$./$*"'."./$"$+A")S"./$"T)+./"./$" /)GF$/)3A"2F"GFG'33C"2+"A$%."_.)"2+&3GA$"eGFG'33C"/'P$".)"%)**)Ybf"e*$3C")+"S'T23C"T)+$C".*'+FS$*bf" GFG'33C"/'P$".)"GF$"1'F."F'P2+BFb`f"%*$'N"$P$+f")*"'*$"2+"&*$A2."_eGFG'33C"/'P$"T)+$C"3$S.")P$*b`?" 7*$'.$"+$Y"P'*2'%3$"_eIZJ"/$31`"%C"FGTT2+B"*$F1)+F$F".)"M@!cM@\a".)"2+A2&'.$"./$"$].$+.".)"Y/2&/" ./$C"/'P$"*$&$2P$A"'FF2F.'+&$"S*)T"IZJFg"7MJF?" " %/-($0!)#41/'9%! #$&)A$"*$F1)+F$F".)"_7!`"<)&2'3"I$.Y)*NF"_'`".)"_+`"F)"./'."I)i-"'+A"=$T%$*")*"W$'A$*i!?"" 7'3&G3'.$".).'3"e<)&2'3"+$.Y)*NFb"F&)*$"%C"FGTT2+B"*$F1)+A$+.bF"*$&)A$A"F&)*$")+"<)&2'3"I$.Y)*NF" _'`".)"_+`?""9).'3"F&)*$"&'+"*'+B$"%$.Y$$+"-"'+A"!4?" 7'3&G3'.$"'".).'3"e&)+S2A$+&$"2+"'"&*2F2Fb"S*)T"*$F1)+A$+.bF"F&)*$F")+"./$"./*$$"^G$F.2)+F"'%)G."/)Y" &)+S2A$+."F/$"Y)G3A"%$"./'."F/$"&)G3A"B$."'FF2F.'+&$"2+"'"&*2F2F"F2.G'.2)+"_7Hc\`?""9).'3"F&)*$"&'+" *'+B$"S*)T"-cX?" 7'3&G3'.$"'".).'3"e*$3'.2)+F/21b"F&)*$"S*)T"./$"*$F1)+A$+.qF"F&)*$F")+".Y$3P$"^G$F.2)+F"'%)G."./$" .C1$F")S"FG11)*."F/$"/'F"*$&$2P$A"S*)T")./$*F")P$*"./$"1*$P2)GF"T)+./"_7Qc!X`"_-i+)a"!iF)T$.2T$Fa" ,i)S.$+`?""9).'3"F&)*$"&'+"*'+B$"S*)T"-c,4?" " #"+/1#'"#)4! #57JK5"2.$TF"5!H"'+A"5!L"F)"./'."'"/2B/$*"F&)*$"2+A2&'.$F"/2B/$*"3$P$3F")S"2+S3G$+&$g"$^G'32.C"2+"./$" T'*2.'3"*$3'.2)+F/21"_+)i!f"C$Fi-`?" 7'3&G3'.$"'".).'3"eT'*2.'3"2+S3G$+&$b"F&)*$"S*)T"*$F1)+A$+.bF"F&)*$F")+"./$"X"2.$TF"*$3'.2+B".)"/$*" *$3'.2)+F/21"Y2./"/$*"/GF%'+Ag"1'*.+$*"_5Qc!L`?""9).'3"F&)*$"&'+"*'+B$"S*)T"-c!Q?" #$&)A$"*$F1)+F$F".)"_7!`"<)&2'3"I$.Y)*NF"_'`".)"_+`"F)"./'."I)")*"=$T%$*i-"'+A"W$'A$*i!?"" 7'3&G3'.$".).'3"eZ*)G1"3$'A$*b"F&)*$"%C"FGTT2+B"*$F1)+A$+.bF"*$&)A$A"F&)*$")+"_'`".)"_+`?""9).'3" F&)*$"&'+"*'+B$"%$.Y$$+"-"'+A"!4?""7'3&G3'.$"'".).'3"F&)*$"S)*"7@".)"2+A2&'.$"./$"+GT%$*")S" 3$'A$*F/21"1)F2.2)+F"/$3A?""7'3&G3'.$"'".).'3"eW$'A$*F/21b"F&)*$"%C"FGTT2+B"./$"eZ*)G1"3$'A$*b"'+A"7@" F&)*$F?" " +%,-./0/*(-$0!3(%4'#%%! #57JK5"2.$TF"EXa"E!-a"E!!a"E!,a"E!4"0IK"E!Q"F)"'"/2B/$*"F&)*$"2+A2&'.$F"'"/2B/$*"3$P$3")S" 1FC&/)3)B2&'3"A2F.*$FF"_+)."'."'33i@f"'"32..3$i,f"^G2.$"'"%2.i!f"$].*$T$3Ci-`?" 7'3&G3'.$"'".).'3"e1FC&/)3)B2&'3"A2F.*$FFb"F&)*$"S*)T"*$F1)+A$+.bF"F&)*$F")+"./$"!X"2.$TF"2+"./$"F&'3$?"" 9).'3"F&)*$F"&'+"*'+B$"S*)T"-cH\?" " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 83 " " " " " " " ! #b+#'(#)-#%!+/4#)4($00,!()50&#)-()*!+%,-./%/-($0!1#002#()*! 7)+S32&."*$3'.$A"2FFG$F" 7'3&G3'.$"'".).'3"eY'*"$]1$*2$+&$Fb"F&)*$"S*)T"./$"+GT%$*")S"A2F.*$FF2+B"$]1$*2$+&$F"*$F1)+A$+.F" F'2A"./$C"/'A"$]1$*2$+&$A"AG*2+B"./$"&)+S32&."_Z!c@@`?""9).'3"F&)*$F"&'+"*'+B$"S*)T"-c@@?" 7'3&G3'.$"./$".).'3"+GT%$*")S"T)+./F"./'."*$F1)+A$+.F"Y$*$"A2F13'&$A"_Z@L`?" R)F."&)+S32&."&/'33$+B$F" #57JK5"2.$TF"(Qa"(!Xa"(!H"'+A"(!\"F)"./'."'"/2B/$*"F&)*$"2+A2&'.$F"T)*$"&/'33$+B$F"$]1$*2$+&$A" _+)i,f"F)T$.2T$Fi!f"C$Fi-`??" 7'3&G3'.$".).'3"eA)T$F.2&"P2)3$+&$b"F&)*$"S*)T"*$F1)+A$+.bF"F&)*$F")+"./$"!L"2.$TF"'%)G."A)T$F.2&" P2)3$+&$"$]1$*2$+&$F"_(,-c@H`?""9).'3"F&)*$F"&'+"*'+B$"S*)T"-c!L?" " " " " " 84 Annex 12 " Review and revision of items " " " " " " +99.V!MR=!,.G8.Q!B92!D.G8:819!1I!8/.K:! " 9/$"S2*F."F.'B$")S"./$"'+'3CF2F")S"./$"123)."F.GAC"A'.'"Y'F".)"*$P2$Y"*$F1)+F$F"'+A"2A$+.2SC"./)F$" 2.$TF"Y/2&/"Y$*$"+)."Y)*N2+B"Y$33a"'+A"F/)G3A"%$"*$T)P$A?""9/2F"F.'B$")S"./$"'+'3CF2F"2+P)3P$A"./$" S)33)Y2+B"1*)&$AG*$FU" • 0"*$P2$Y")S"./$"T2FF2+B"A'.'"S)*"$'&/"2.$T?""(2B/"3$P$3F")S"T2FF2+B"A'.'"FGBB$F."./'."./$"2.$T" 2F"+)."'1132&'%3$".)"'"3'*B$"1*)1)*.2)+")S"*$F1)+A$+.Fa")*"./$"*$F1)+A$+.F"'*$"A$&32+2+B".)" '+FY$*"2."%$&'GF$"2."2F"2+'11*)1*2'.$?" • 0"&/$&N"S)*"$+A)*F$T$+."S*$^G$+&C")S"2.$TF?"":S"$P$*C)+$"*$F1)+AF"./$"F'T$"Y'C".)"'+" 2.$Ta"2."Y233".$33"GF"P$*C"32..3$"'%)G."&/'+B$?""[/$*$")+$"'3.$*+'.2P$"/'F"'"P$*C"/2B/"_)*"3)Y`" $+A)*F$T$+."*'.$a"2."2F"*$T)P$A?" • 0"&/$&N")+"./$"2+.$*+'3"&)+F2F.$+&C")S"2.$TF"_/)Y"Y$33"$'&/"2.$T"&)**$3'.$F"Y2./")./$*"2.$TF" '+A"./$".).'3"F&)*$`?" • 0"&/$&N")+"./$"A2F&*2T2+'.2)+"'%232.C")S"2.$TF"_Y/2&/"2.$TF"%$F."A2F&*2T2+'.$"%$.Y$$+" *$F1)+A$+.F"Y/)"F&)*$"'%)P$"./$"T$A2'+")+"./$"F&'3$"'F"'"Y/)3$a"'+A"./)F$"Y/)"F&)*$" %$3)Y"./$"T$A2'+`?""9/)F$"Y/2&/"A2F&*2T2+'.$"%$F."%$.Y$$+"./$F$".Y)"B*)G1F"'*$"T)*$" 32N$3C".)"%$"F$+F2.2P$".)"&/'+B$?" • :+"F)T$"&'F$Fa"Y/$*$"./$"+GT%$*")S"2.$TF"'+A"*$F1)+A$+.F"'33)Y$Aa"'"S'&.)*"'+'3CF2F"Y'F" &)+AG&.$A".)"'FF$FF"Y/$./$*"./$"F&'3$"&)+F2F.F")S")+$"F2+B3$"S'&.)*")*"'"+GT%$*")S"S'&.)*F?"" :.$TF"Y/2&/"A)"+)."3)'A")+.)"'+C"S'&.)*"/2B/3C"'*$"*$T)P$A?" R<>7(JWJZ:70W"K:<9#5<<" 9/2F"!Xc2.$T"F&'3$"Y'F"A$F2B+$A".)"'FF$FF"$T).2)+'3"'+A"1FC&/)3)B2&'3"A2F.*$FF"$]1$*2$+&$A")P$*"./$" 1*$P2)GF")+$"Y$$N?""7*)+%'&/bF"'31/'"S)*"./$"SG33"F&'3$"Y'F"-?L@f"'+"'31/'")S"?\-"2F"B$+$*'33C" &)+F2A$*$A"'&&$1.'%3$a"F)"./$"2+.$*+'3"&)+F2F.$+&C")S"./2F"F&'3$"Y'F"3)Y$*"./'+"'+.2&21'.$A?""9/$*$" Y'F"+)"T2FF2+B"A'.'?" #$P2$Y")S"2.$T"F.'.2F.2&F"2+A2&'.$A"./'."2.$TF",a"4a"La"Xa"!-a"!,a"!@"'+A"!4"_)+"./$")*2B2+'3"P$*F2)+`"A2A" +)."&)**$3'.$"Y$33"Y2./"./$"F&'3$"'F"'"Y/)3$f"'+A"2.$TF"@a"4a"Xa"!-a"!!a"!@a"!4"'+A"!H"A2A"+)." A2F&*2T2+'.$"Y$33"%$.Y$$+"./)F$"Y/)"F&)*$A"'%)P$"'+A"%$3)Y"./$"T$A2'+")+"./$"F&'3$?"":.$TF"4"'+A" H"/'A"P$*C"3)Y"$+A)*F$T$+."*'.$F"_2+A2&'.2+B"./'."'3T)F."$P$*C%)AC"F'2A"./$C"A2A"+)."'113C".)" ./$T`?""0"S'&.)*"'+'3CF2F"2+A2&'.$A"./'."'"F2+B3$"S'&.)*"$]13'2+$A"!Q?@Lã")S"./$"P'*2'+&$" _$2B$+P'3G$i@?4X`a"'+A"./$"2.$TF"Y/2&/"3)'A$A"T)F."/2B/3C")+"./2F"Y$*$"./)F$"Y/2&/"*$3'.$A".)" 1/CF2&'3"Y$33%$2+B"_!La"!\"'+A"!Q`?""0"F$&)+A"S'&.)*"'&&)G+.$A"S)*"!!?\-ã")S"./$"P'*2'+&$" _$2B$+P'3G$i,?,,`"'+A"2.$TF"S)&GF2+B")+"1FC&/)3)B2&'3"A2F.*$FF"3)'A$A"/2B/3C")+"./2F"F$&)+A"S'&.)*" _!a"@a"4a"Qa"!!a"!X`?""0F"'"*$FG3.a"'"A$&2F2)+"Y'F"T'A$"+).".)"2+&3GA$"./$"2.$TF"T$'FG*2+B"1/CF2&'3" Y$33%$2+B"2+"./$"1FC&/)3)B2&'3"A2F.*$FF"F&'3$a"F2+&$"./$C"F$$T$A".)"%$"T$'FG*2+B"'"A2SS$*$+." G+A$*3C2+B"S'&.)*?""9/$"2.$TF"S)*"Y/2&/"TG3.213$"1*)%3$TF"Y$*$"2A$+.2S2$A"_,a"4a"Xa"!-a"!,a"!@a"!4`" Y$*$"'3F)"*$T)P$A"S*)T"./$"F&'3$" 9/$"*$P2F$A"P$*F2)+")S"./$"F&'3$"&)+F2F.F")S"$2B/."2.$TFU" !?"K)"C)G"&*C"S*$^G$+.3Ch" @?"K)"C)G"S2+A"C)G"%$&)T$"'+B*C"P$*C"^G2&N3Ch" H?"K)"C)G"F.'C"'Y'C"S*)T")./$*"1$)13$h" L?"K)"C)G"'P)2A"&$*.'2+"13'&$F")*"1$)13$"%$&'GF$"./$C"*$T2+A"C)G")S"1'2+SG3"./2+BFh" \?"K)"C)G")S.$+"S$$3"'S*'2Ah" Q?"K)"C)G"./2+N"'"3)."'%)G."%'A"./2+BF"./'."/'P$"/'11$+$A".)"C)Gh" !!?"K)"C)G"/'P$"'"B))A"'11$.2.$"S)*"S))Ah"_.-F-."-*"$&.'+?`" !X?"()Y"TG&/"A2A"$T).2)+'3"1*)%3$TF"32T2."C)G*"A'23C"'&.2P2.2$Fh" 9/$"7*)+%'&/bF"'31/'")S"./$"*$P2F$A"Qc2.$T"F&'3$"2F"?LHa"Y/2&/"2F"&3)F$*".)"'+"'&&$1.'%3$"3$P$3?"":." F/)G3A"%$"+).$A"./'."T$'FG*$F")S"eF.'.$Fb"_2?$?"P'*2'%3$F"Y/2&/"&)TT)+3C"&/'+B$")P$*".2T$a"FG&/"'F" " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 85 " " " " " " " '+]2$.C`"'*$"&)TT)+3C"S)G+A".)"/'P$"3)Y$*"3$P$3F")S"*$32'%232.C"./'+"'*$"T$'FG*$F")S"T)*$"F.'%3$" .*'2.F")*"'%232.2$F?" )G"&'+"A$&2A$"+).".)"'+FY$*"./$"$+.2*$"FG*P$Ca")*"C)G" &'+".$33"GF"Y/$+"'"^G$F.2)+"T'N$F"C)G"G+&)TS)*.'%3$"'+A"Y$"Y233"FN21"./'."^G$F.2)+?"9/$*$"2F"+)" +$$A".)"'+FY$*"'+C"^G$F.2)+"./'."T'N$F"C)G"G+&)TS)*.'%3$?":S"C)G"32N$a"C)G"&'+"$+A"./$"2+.$*P2$Y" '."'+C".2T$"'+A"./2F"Y233"+)."'SS$&."'+C"'FF2F.'+&$"C)G"B$."S*)T"'+C")*B'+2F'.2)+?"" <7"9:3%"1:#>&"033"C)G*"'+FY$*F"Y233"%$"N$1."1*2P'.$"'+A"&)+S2A$+.2'3a"'+A"./$")+3C"1$)13$"./'."Y233" /'P$"'&&$FF".)"./2F"2+S)*T'.2)+"'*$"./$"3$'A"*$F$'*&/$*F"S)*"./2F"F.GAC?" <7"1#<1&":S"C)G"/'P$"'+C"^G$F.2)+Fa")*"2S"1*)%3$TF"'*2F$a"C)G"T'C"&)+.'&."'I(A+@-!()*+J! .@D)(IA)-I.(!)(C!E.(-)E-!C+-)IFA,?"" ='C"Y$"/'P$"C)G*"1$*T2FF2)+".)"'FN"./$F$"^G$F.2)+Fa"'+A"'*$"C)G"Y2332+B".)"1'*.2&21'.$h"",FOc!)D" :?!@+AB.(C+(-!3%<>:"%0!17!5#61:<:5#1%&"[/Ch"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" :?!@+AB.(C+(-!)D@++A!-.!E.*BF+-+!GH+A-I.(()I@+J!-K+!I(-+@LI+/+@!AK.HFC!AID(!M+F./!)(C!E.(-I(H+N!! ! " :"&)+S2*T":"/'P$"B2P$+"'33"./$"2+S)*T'.2)+"'%)P$".)"./$"*$F1)+A$+.a"'+A"F/$"/'F"'B*$$A".)" 1'*.2&21'.$?" <2B+'.G*$")S"2+.$*P2$Y$*U"uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu" " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 89 " " " " " " " !;TFOIKDHO!ID!IQF!KHIFGRKFEFG6!3D!HDI!LO[!IQFOF!dTFOIKDHO!ID!IQF!GFOCDHNFHI6!! 0!?"K'.$"g"92T$")S"2+.$*P2$YU" 0?"_KKg==g>>`"áxxáxxágáxxáxxágáxxáxxá" "" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""M?"_,4"/*"&3)&N`" áxxáxxá"U"áxxáxxá" 0,?":+.$*P2$Y$*":K"g"E2*F."+'T$U" 0?"áxxáxxá"g"M?"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" 0@?"0*$"C)G"FGF12&2)GF"./'."./$"Y)T'+"C)G"'*$"2+.$*P2$Y2+B"2F"+)."./$")+$"Y$"F)GB/."S)*"'+" 2+.$*P2$Yh"" áxxá" " !"i"I)."'."'33"FGF12&2)GF"" @"i"=)A$*'.$3C"$Fa"-iI)`" 0H?"['F"./$"2+.$*P2$Y"&)+AG&.$A")G.F2A$"2+"'+")1$+"'*$'a")*"2+"'+")1$+"F/$3.$*"_$]&$1."S)*".Y)" 1$)13$")S"./$"F'T$"B$+A$*`h" _!i>$Fa"-iI)`"áxxá" :?!"7J!B.FI-+FT!)AU!-.!M+!)FF./+C!-.!I(-+@LI+/!-K+!@+AB.(C+(-!)F.(+N!!0-@+AA!-K)-!-K+!I(-+@LI+/!IA! B@IL)-+!)(C!E.(?IC+(-I)FN! " " ! ! " " 90 " " " " " " " ! ! #$F1)+A$+.":K" +)?" ! ! .6 2$-9*'/&)3!()5/'"$4(/)! " M!?"[/'."2F"C)G*"'B$h" " " " " " " " C$'*F"áxxxáxxxá"" " M,?"0*$"C)G"T'**2$Aa"F2+B3$a"Y2A)Y$A")*"F$1'*'.$Ah" " " " " áxxxá" !"i"7G**$+.3C"T'**2$A" " 4"i"<$1'*'.$Ag"K2P)*&$A"" ,"i"7G**$+.3C"32P2+B"Y2./"'"T'+" H"i"<2+B3$"_+$P$*"T'**2$Ag"+$P$*"32P$A"Y2./"'"T'+`" @"i"[2A)Y$A" " LiJ./$*"T'*2.'3"F.'.GF"sA$F&*2%$t"uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu??" " M@?"0."./2F".2T$a"Y/'."2F"./$"/2B/$F."3$P$3")S"$AG&'.2)+"C)G"/'P$"*$'&/$Ah"" " áxxxá" " !"i"R!" H"i"RH" X"i"<@" !@"i".$*.2'*C"3$P$3"_&$*.2S2&'.$a"A213)T'a"A$B*$$`" " ,"i"R," L"i"RL" !-"i"<4" -"i"I)+$")*"+G*F$*C" " @"i"R@" \"i"$Fa"-iI)t" áxxxá" " MH?"K)"C)G"S$$3"'"1'*.")S"./2F"&)TTG+2.C")*"'+")G.F2A$*h"" " " " áxxxá" " !iR'*.")S"&)TTG+2.C" ,iJG.F2A$*" " @iK)+b."N+)Y" " ML?"K)"C)G"&)+F2A$*"C)G*F$3S".)"%$"'"A2F13'&$A"1$*F)+h"s!i>$Fa"-iI)t" " " áxxxá" ! M\?"[/)"2F"./$"/$'A")S"./$"/)GF$/)3Ah"" " " " " " " áxxxá" " !i:+.$*P2$Y$$" " ,i(GF%'+Ag"R'*.+$*" " @iJ./$*" MQ?"()Y"T'+C"1$)13$"'*$"2+"C)G*"1*$F$+."/)GF$/)3Ah"[$"T$'+")+3C"./$"" " " áxxxá" 1$)13$"./'."GFG'33C"F3$$1"2+"./$"F'T$"13'&$"'+A"/'P$"./$"F'T$"/$'A")S"" /)GF$/)3A"'F"C)G?" "" " MX?"()Y"T'+C"%2)3)B2&'3"&/23A*$+"A)"C)G"/'P$"Y/)"'*$"32P2+B"+)Yh" " " áxxxá" " M!-?"()Y"T'+C"/'P$"A2$Aa"T2F&'**2$Aa"'%)*.$A")*"Y$*$"F.233%)*+h" " " " áxxxá" " M!!?"()Y"T'+C"+)+c%2)3)B2&'3"&/23A*$+"'*$"C)G"1*$F$+.3C"./$"1*2+&21'3"&'*$.'N$*"S)*h"" áxxxá" " ! ! " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 91 " " " " " " " :?!#"4!8:7>7V:<#>!36%"&! M!,?"K)"C)G*"&/23A*$+"32P$"Y2./"C)Gh"_-iI)+$a"!i<)T$a",i033`" " " """ """""""""""""""""""":xxx:" M!@?":F"./$"S'./$*"_)*"S'./$*F`")S"C)G*"&/23A*$+"'32P$h"_!c>$Fa"-iI)`""""""áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxá" M!4?"K)$F"./$"S'./$*"_)*"S'./$*F`")S"C)G*"&/23A*$+"/$31".)"1*)P2A$""""""""áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxá" S)*"./$2*"+$$AF"_$?B?"S))Aa"&3)./$F`h""_!i>$Fa"-iI)`" M!H?"K)$F"'+C)+$a")./$*"./'+"C)G*F$3S"'+A"./$"&/23A*$+bF"S'./$*_F`a"/$31".)"1*)P2A$"S)*"C)G*"""""""""""""""áxxxá" &/23A*$+bF"+$$AFh""_!i>$Fa"-iI)`" " :?!4%0U"[/)h"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" "M!L?"()Y")3A"'*$"C)G*"&/23A*$+h" áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxág"áxxxá"" M!\?"()Y"T'+C"S$T'3$"&/23A*$+"'*$"&G**$+.3C"2+"F&/))3h""""0P'23'%3$":xxx:"""0..$+A'+&$":xxx:" M!Q?"()Y"T'+C"T'3$"&/23A*$+"'*$"&G**$+.3C"2+"F&/))3h""""""""0P'23'%3$":xxx:"""0..$+A'+&$":xxx:" M!X?"9.@!#"4!EKIFC@+(!(.-!I(!AEK..FU"[/C"'*$"./$C"+)."2+"F&/))3"_&/$&N"'33"./'."'113C`h" " """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""":xxx:g":xxx:g:xxx:g:xxx:g:xxx:"" !"i"9))"C)G+B" " " " 4"i"9/$C"/'P$"1'C2+Bg$'*+2+B"O)%F" ,"i"I)"T)+$C"S)*"S$$F")*"G+2S)*TF" Hi9))")3Ag"S2+2F/$A"F&/))3" @"i"[)*N"2+"B'*A$+"S)*"/)GF$/)3A"""""""""""""""Li9/$"&/23A"2F".))"F2&N".)"'..$+A"F&/))3" \i"J./$*Uxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx""""""""""" " 5-(,Y*W&<*G*<&9),*)'T-*/&*("T*#&9*"&=-*e9-"/'&+"*(@&9/*#&9.*-(/'+?*(+,*,.'+T'+?*%(@'/"7* M,-?"()Y"T'+C".2T$F"A2A"C)G"B)".)"%$A"/G+B*C"2+"./$"1'F."Y$$Nh" " " áxxxá! " M,!?"K)"C)G".'N$"'3&)/)3h"_!i>$Fa"-iI)`" " " " " " " áxxxá" " M,,?"K)$F"C)G*"/GF%'+Ag"1'*.+$*"$P$*"A*2+N"'3&)/)3h"_!i>$Fa"-iI)a"QQiA)+b."N+)Y`" áxxxá" " M,@?":?!4%0J!36:"=0&"K)$F"C)G*"/GF%'+Ag"1'*.+$*"B$."A*G+N")S.$+a"F)T$.2T$F")*"+$P$*h""" áxxxá" """"_!iJS.$+a",i<)T$.2T$Fa"@iI$P$*`" #XCMLHLIKDH!DS!2=>8!If the husband does not drink, no need to ask this question. Code it as ‘3’ for ‘never’. ! 5-(,Y*W&<*G*<&9),*)'T-*/&*("T*#&9*"&=-*e9-"/'&+"*(@&9/*/%-*-$&+&='$*"'/9(/'&+*;o"9.F'F()AB*&0*#&9* (+,*#&9.*%&9"-%&),7* M,4?"K)"C)G"A)"'+C"Y)*N"./'."C)G"$'*+"T)+$C"S*)Th""s!i>$Fa"-iI)t" " " áxxxá" %? :E">5*"&*/%-#*$(+*@-*"%&<+*/&*/%-*.-":&+,-+/>*(+,*"%-*$(+*:&'+/*/&*/%-*:'$/9.-*/%(/* @-"/*.-:.-"-+/"*%-.*.-":&+"-7* * * * !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!".(+!RZS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!>+AA!-K)(!K)F?!R\S!!!!!!$.@+!-K)(!K)F?!ROS!!!!!!!!!!#FF!RPS" " M,H?"[/'."F/'*$")S"./$"/)GF$/)3A"2+&)T$"A)"C)G"1*)P2A$h"" " " " "áxxxá" " -iI)+$" " " ,i=)*$"./'+"/'3S" " !iW$FF"./'+"/'3S" " @i033" M,L?"[/)"T'N$F"./$"A$&2F2)+F"'%)G."C)G*"$&)+)T2&"'&.2P2.2$Fh"" " " "" áxxxá" " !i<)T$)+$"$3F$"T'N$F"'33"./$"A$&2F2)+F" @i:"A$&2A$"O)2+.3C"Y2./"F)T$)+$"$3F$" " ,i:"T'N$"F)T$")S"./$"A$&2F2)+F" " 4i:"T'N$"'33"./$"A$&2F2)+F" " " M,\?"0."./$"$+A")S"./$"T)+./"Y/2&/")S"./$F$"F.'.$T$+.F"'1132$F".)"C)G*"/)GF$/)3Ah" áxxxá" !i8FG'33C"/'P$".)"%)**)Y" " @i8FG'33C"%*$'Nc$P$+" ,i8FG'33C"/'P$".)"GF$"1'F."F'P2+BF"" 4i8FG'33C"/'P$"T)+$C"3$S.")P$*" " M,Q?"K)"C)G"/'P$"1*)%3$TF"*$3'.$A".)"&G3.2P'.2)+h"s!i>$Fa"-iI)t" " " " áxxxá" M,X?":?!4%0U"[/'."'*$"./$"*$'F)+Fh"_&/$&N"'33"./'."'113C`h" """"":xxx:g":xxx:g:xxx:g:xxx:g:xxx:"" !iK)"+)."/'P$"'&&$FF".)"'+C"3'+A" HiW'+A"2F"+)."S$*.23$" ,i[23A"'+2T'3F"A$F.*)C"&*)1F" " LiW'&N")S".))3F" @iW'+A"2F"P$*C"S'*"S*)T"/)T$" " \iK2F&)G*'B$A".)"&G3.2P'.$"'+A"./'."./$"*$%$3F"&)T$" 4iE$'*")S"'..'&N" " " " .)"/'*P$F." M@-?"K)"C)G"/'P$"1*)%3$TF"'&&$FF2+B"Y'.$*h"s!i>$Fa"-iI)t" " " " áxxxá" " ()!4.#!0$%4!>!"/)4.%!;.-0-.*/&*(*<-))1T+&<+*-F-+/*/%(/*%(::-+-,*/%.--*=&+/%"*(?&*/&*$)(.'0#* /'=-0.(=-BY!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! _!i>$Fa"-iI)`" M@!?"('P$"C)G"*$&$2P$A"'+C"1*'&.2&'3")*"S2+'+&2'3"'FF2F.'+&$"S*)T"'+"IZJ")*"7MJh""" áxxxá" ;Q%'"*'+$)9,-"*0&&,>*"--,">*/&&)">*+&+10&&,*%&9"-%&),*'/-=">*=-,'$()*&.*"$%&&)*(""'"/(+$-B* M@,?"('P$"C)G"*$&$2P$A"'+C"&)G+F$32+B"S*)T"'+"IZJ")*"7MJh" " """""""""""" " áxxxá" 6%#3&!"./!:XC!FIU+!-.!)AU!T.H!)M.H-!T.H@!K+)F-K!.L+@!-K+!F)A-!7"%!$7"1WN" M@@?"()Y"Y)G3A"C)G"*'.$"C)G*"/$'3./h" " " " " " " áxxxá" " !i;$*C"%'A" @iZ))A" " ,iM'A"" 4i5]&$33$+." " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 93 " " " " " " " " (6 %/-($0!-/))#-4#3)#%%! 5KH4Y*GA,*)'T-*/&*("T*#&9*"&=-*e9-"/'&+"*(@&9/*(+#*?.&9:"*#&9*(.-*'+F&)F-,*'+7* 7!?""0*$"C)G"'"T$T%$*")*"3$'A$*")S"'+C")S"./$"S)33)Y2+B"B*)G1FU" 5-(,*&9/*/%-*?.&9:"*@-)&<*(+,*("T*<%-/%-.*/%-*.-":&+,-+/*'"*(*=-=@-.*&.*)-(,-.** R".YZ[!$+*M+@Y\[!>+)C+@YOS! %%` MGF2+$FF"B*)G1" " " " " " " áxxxá" &&` <'P2+BF"B*)G1g"e#2F.)G*+$g32N$3$T%'b"B*)G1" " " áxxxá" AA` 0B*2&G3.G*'3")*"32P$F.)&N"%*$$A2+B"B*)G1" " " " áxxxá" $$` [)T$+bF"E)*GT" " " " " " áxxxá" SS` E'T23C"'FF)&2'.2)+F" " " " " " áxxxá" BB` 0FF)&2'.2)+")S"Y2A)YF" " " " " " áxxxá" //` 7/G*&/"B*)G1"_F2+B2+Ba"1*'C$*a"W$B2)++'2*$Fa")*")./$*`" " áxxxá" 22` 0+C")./$*"B*)G1"_A$F&*2%$"???????????????????????????????????????????`" " áxxxá" " 7,?"K)"C)G"/)3A"'+C")./$*"1)F2.2)+F")S"*$F1)+F2%232.Ch""s>$Fi!a"I)i-t" áxxxá" 7@?":S"C$Fa"Y/'."1)F2.2)+Fh"" 9).'3"+GT%$*")S"3$'A$*F/21"1)F2.2)+F" áxxxá" K$F&*2%$"?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????" " " " 94 " " " " " " " '#$38!)DE!(AN!MK[F!ID!LO[!WDT!ODBF!dTFOIKDHO!LVDTI!IQF!IWCFO!DS!LJIKRKIKFO!WDTARF!IL[FH!CLGI!KH! DRFG!IQF!MLOI!/)#!"/)4.6!!;3%-$T*.-":&+,-+/*9+,-."/(+,"*/'=-*:-.'&,*f*9"-*(+*-F-+/*/%(/* %(::-+-,*&+-*=&+/%*(?&*("*=(.T-.*n"='N$"FG*$"./'."./$"*$F$'*&/".$'T"/'P$"2A$+.2S2$A"'"Y$33c N+)Y+"$P$+."./'.")&&G**$A"'%)G."'"T)+./"$'*32$*a"'+A"GF$"./2F".)")*2$+."./$"*$F1)+A$+.".)"./$" .2T$S*'T$"Y$"'*$"2+.$*$F.$A"2+?*B* 74?":+"./$"3'F."JI5"=JI9("/'P$"C)G".'N$+"1'*."2+U" ;6*n*V-">*\*n*W&B* F` 7)TS)*.2+B"'+A"FG11)*.2+B"%$*$'P$A"*$3'.2P$F"D"+$2B/%)G*F" áxxxá" .` ($312+B".)"&3$'+"'+A"T'2+.'2+"Y'.$*"F)G*&$F"_Y$33g"%)*$/)3$`" áxxxá" G` ($312+B".)"T'2+.'2+"./$"F.*$$.F" " " " " áxxxá" P` ($312+B".)"A$P$3)1"'"F&/))3"_$?B?"%G23A"&3'FF*))TF`" " áxxxá" Y` ($312+B".)"&)+F.*G&."'"/)GF$" " " " " áxxxá" ]` 7)TTG+2.C"T$$.2+B"_$?B?".)"*$F)3P$"'"&)+S32&.`" " " áxxxá" C` E'T23C"T$$.2+B" " " " " " " áxxxá" d` 0+C")./$*"&)TTG+2.C"'&.2P2.C"_F1$&2SC"???????????????????????????????????????`" áxxxá" ! * * " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 95 " " " " " " " GWQ5L4X3K*QaK*]K55V*3HW*!G3QX5KI*H8HGW*aK5K*f*XIK*VLX5*LNW*KgHZ!dKI*QL*Kg!dHGW*XWQGd* VLX*H5K*IX5K*QaK*5KI!LW4KWQ*XW4K5IQHW4I7 :*)DI(+!-K)-!T.H@!K.HA+!K)A!M++(!E.*BF+-+FT!C+A-@.T+C!MT!)!?I@+N!:!/)(-!T.H!-.!-KI(U!)M.H-!K./! E.(?IC+(-!)@+!T.H!-K)-!T.H!E.HFC!D+-!CI??+@+(-!UI(CA!.?!K+FBN! Q&*,-$',-*%&<*$&+0',-+/*#&9*(.->*/%'+T*&0*#&9."-)0*("*(*h-..#*$(+7**Q%-*=&.-*<(/-.*/%-.-*'"*'+*/%-*h-..#* $(+>*/%-*=&.-*$&+0',-+/*#&9*<&9),*0--)*'+*-($%*"'/9(/'&+*G*("T*#&9*(@&9/Y* * * * !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!".-!)-!)FF!!RZS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#!FI--F+!R\S!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!;HI-+!)!MI-!ROS!!!!!!!!!!%]-@+*+FT!RPS" *iX"-*h-..#*$(+*:'$/9.-"*/&*'))9"/.(/-*.-":&+"-* I)."'."'33" 0"32..3$" VG2.$" 5].*$T$3C" &:/'&+"j* &)+S2A$+." &)+S2A$+." &)+S2A$+." &)+S2A$+." 7H?""E2+A"1$)13$"2+"C)G*"&)TTG+2.C".)"F/$3.$*" -" !" ," @" C)G"S)*".Y)"Y$$NF"" 7L?""M)**)Y"T)+$C".)"/$31"C)G"%GC"F)T$" -" !" ," @" &3)./$F"'S.$*"./$"S2*$" 7\?""#'2F$"$+)GB/"T)+$C".)"S$$A"C)G*"S'T23C" -" !" ," @" S)*"4"Y$$NF" ! ! " " 96 " " " " " " " 6%#3&!"./!:!/.HFC!FIU+!-.!)AU!T.H!A.*+!GH+A-I.(A!)M.H-!T.H@!@+F)-I.(AKIBA!/I-K!?)*IFTJ!?@I+(CA! )(C!.-K+@!E.**H(I-T!*+*M+@AN!!!1KI(UI(D!)M.H-!-K+!F)A-!7"%!$7"1W^ Remind the respondent of the time frame here by using the well-known event identified earlier. ! :?!4%0&!! " :e,FO! %DBFIKBFO!?:@8" `e)D! )+&$")*".Y2&$"'" Y$$N" /SIFH!?=@8"T)*$" ./'+".Y2&$"'" Y$$N"" :?!".&!RZS"_+)." XX")*"%3'+N`" 7Q?":F"./$*$"F)T$)+$"Y/)"&)TS)*.$A"C)G"Y/$+"C)G"Y$*$"S$$32+B"A2F.*$FF$A")*" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 3)+$3Ch"" 7X?"('P$"C)G"P2F2.$A"F)T$)+$"2+"./$"$P$+2+Bh" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 7!-?"('P$"C)G"%)**)Y$A"FT'33"2.$TFa"FG&/"'F"F'3.")*"F)'1a"S*)T"F)T$%)ACh" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 7!!?"('P$"C)G"3$+."FT'33"2.$TFa"FG&/"'F"F'3.")*"F)'1a".)"F)T$%)ACh" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 7!,?":F"./$*$"F)T$)+$"Y/)"B'P$"C)G"'AP2&$".)"/$31"C)G"2+"'"F2.G'.2)+h" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 7!@?":F"./$*$"F)T$)+$"Y/)"32F.$+$A".)"C)G".'3N"'%)G."C)G*"./)GB/.F"'+A" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" S$$32+BFh" 7!4?"('F"F)T$%)AC"F/'*$A"./$"1*)AG&.F")S"./$2*"S2$3A"Y2./"C)Gh" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 7!H?"('P$"C)G"$+O)C$A"F1$+A2+B".2T$"Y2./"S*2$+AFh" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 7!L?"('P$"C)G"F/'*$A"C)G*"S))A"Y2./"F)T$%)AC"Y/)"2F"+)."'"T$T%$*")S"C)G*" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" S'T23Ch" 7!\?"('F"F)T$%)AC"Y/)"2F"+)."'"T$T%$*")S"C)G*"S'T23C"F/'*$A"./$2*"S))A" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" Y2./"C)Gh" 7!Q?"('P$"C)G"/$31$A"'"F2&N"1$*F)+"Y/)"2F"+)."'"T$T%$*")S"C)G*"S'T23Ch" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" " ! ! " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 97 " " " " " " " l6 #"+/1#'"#)4! 6%#3&!"./!:XC!FIU+!-.!)AU!T.H!A.*+!GH+A-I.(A!)M.H-!/K+-K+@!T.H!K)L+!C.(+!A.*+!.-K+@!-KI(DA!I(! -K+!F)A-!7"%!$7"1WN!* " !i>$F" :?!4%0&! -iI)" F)T$.2T$F"_!`" )*")S.$+"_,`h" :?!"7&!RZS" K!?"('P$"C)G"/$31$A".)"*$F)3P$"'"&)+S32&."%$.Y$$+"Y)T$+h" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" K,?"('P$"C)G"B2P$+"'AP2&$".)"F)T$)+$h" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" K@?"('P$"C)G"F1)N$+")G."'."'"T$$.2+Bh" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" K4?"('P$"C)G"&)+.*2%G.$A".)"A$&2F2)+F")+"/)Y".)"F1$+A"C)G*"S'T23CbF" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" *$F)G*&$Fh" KH?"('P$"C)G"&)+.*2%G.$A".)"A$&2F2)+F"'%)G."C)G*"S'T23CbF"'B*2&G3.G*'3" áxxxxá" áxxxxá" 1*)AG&.2)+h" ! ! ! " " 98 " " " " " " " 96 +%,-./0/*(-$0!3(%4'#%%! G*(=*?&'+?*/&*.-(,*#&9*"&=-*"/(/-=-+/"*(@&9/*#&9.*?-+-.()*0--)'+?"*(+,*@-%(F'&9.7**D&.*-($%*&+-*G*(=* ?&'+?*/&*("T*#&9*%&<*=9$%*#&9*%(F-*-2:-.'-+$-,*'/*GW*QaK*dHIQ*NKKk>*'+$)9,'+?*/&,(#7* 3)(.'0#*/%-*/'=-*0.(=-*%-.-*@#*.-='+,'+?*/%-*.-":&+,-+/*<%(/*,(#*'/*'">*(+,*("T'+?*%-.*<%(/*"%-* <("*,&'+?*&+-*<--T*(?&7**G/*=(#*@-*+-$-""(.#*/&*T--:*$%-$T'+?*/%-*/'=-*:-.'&,*/%.&9?%&9/*/%'"* "-$/'&+7* D&.*-2(=:)-Y*5Y*oG*<("*%(F'+?*(*)&/*&0*@(,*,.-(="*)("/*=&+/%A|*GY*oH+,*%(F-*#&9*%(,*(+#*@(,* ,.-(="*'+*/%-*)("/*<--TSA|*5Y*oW&>*G*%(F-+A/A7* Q&*,-$',-*%&<*=9$%*#&9*%(F-*-2:-.'-+$-,*-($%*0--)'+?*&.*@-%(F'&9.>*/%'+T*&0*#&9."-)0*("*(*h-..#*$(+7**Q%-* =&.-*<(/-.*/%-.-*'"*'+*/%-*h-..#*$(+>*/%-*=&.-*#&9*%(F-*-2:-.'-+$-,*/%'"*0--)'+?*&.*@-%(F'&9.Y* * * * !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!".-!)-!)FF!!RZS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!#!FI--F+!R\S!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!;HI-+!)!MI-!ROS!!!!!!!!!!%]-@+*+FT!RPS! JS.$+a"*$F1)+A$+.F"2+2.2'33C"'+FY$*"./$F$"^G$F.2)+F"Y2./"eC$Fb?""9/$"2+.$*P2$Y$*"./$+"+$$AF".)"1*)%$a"GF2+B" ./$"O$**C"&'+"12&.G*$Fa".)"2A$+.2SC"/)Y"F.*)+B3C"F/$"/'F"S$3."./$F$"./2+BF")P$*"./$"3'F."Y$$NF! " 5!?"K)"C)G"&*C"S*$^G$+.3Ch" -" !" ," @" 5,?"K)"C)G"S2+A"C)G"%$&)T$"'+B*C"P$*C"^G2&N3Ch" -" !" ," @" 5@?"K)"C)G"F.'C"'Y'C"S*)T")./$*"1$)13$h" -" !" ," @" 54?"K)"C)G"'P)2A"&$*.'2+"13'&$F")*"1$)13$"%$&'GF$"./$C"*$T2+A" -" !" ," @" C)G")S"1'2+SG3"./2+BFh" 5H?"K)"C)G")S.$+"S$$3"'S*'2Ah" -" !" ," @" 5L?"K)"C)G"./2+N"'"3)."'%)G."%'A"./2+BF"./'."/'P$"/'11$+$A".)" -" !" ," @" C)Gh" 5\?"K)"C)G"/'P$"'"B))A"'11$.2.$"S)*"S))Ah" -" !" ," @" 5Q?"()Y"TG&/"A2A"$T).2)+'3"1*)%3$TF"32T2."C)G*"A'23C"'&.2P2.2$Fh" -" !" ," @" ! 06 #7#)4%!4.$4!"$,!-/)4'(2&4#!4/!+%,-./0/*(-$0!3(%4'#%%! 5-(,Y*W&<*G*<&9),*)'T-*/&*("T*#&9*(@&9/*#&9.*-2:-.'-+$-"*.-)(/-,*/&*/%-*d5H7*I&=-*&0*/%-"-* -2:-.'-+$-"*(.-*9:"-//'+?*/&*/%'+T*&.*/()T*(@&9/7*G0*"&>*0--)*0.--*+&/*/&*(+"<-.7*I(#>*lG*:.-0-.*/&*?&*/&* /%-*+-2/*e9-"/'&+m*&.*lG*:.-0-.*/&*"/&:*/()T'+?*(@&9/*/%-*$&+0)'$/*(+,*=&F-*&+m7*H)"&>*.-=-=@-.*/%(/* #&9.*(+"<-."*(.-*F-.#*$&+0',-+/'()7* K2:)(+(/'&+*&0*/%-*"-$/'&+Y*Q%'"*'"*/%-*"-$/'&+*/%(/*'"*=&"/*)'T-)#*/&*$(9"-*,'"/.-""7**Q%-*'+/-.F'-<-.* "%&9),*@-*F-.#*"-+"'/'F-*/&*(+#*$%(+?-*'+*/%-*.-":&+,-+/A"*=&&,*(+,*"%&9),*("T*/%-*e9-"/'&+"* "-+"'/'F-)#7**J-*$(.-09)*+&/*/&*)(:"-*'+/&*o$%-$T)'"/A*=&,->*("T'+?*/%-*e9-"/'&+"*<'/%&9/*(+#*.-?(.,*0&.* /%-'.*'=:($/*&+*/%-*.-":&+,-+/7*G/*'"*'=:&./(+/*/&*.-='+,*/%-*.-":&+,-+/*/%(/*"%-*'"*0.--*/&*,-$)'+-*/&* (+"<-.*(+#*e9-"/'&+*"%-*'"+A/*$&=0&./(@)-*<'/%7*7* " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study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e9-"/'&+>* &/%-.<'"-*:9/*o\A*-F-+*'0*/%-*e9-"/'&+*,&-"*+&/*(::)#7**D&.*-2(=:)->*e9-"/'&+"*(@&9/*-F-+/"* /%(/*%(::-+-,*/&*(*%9"@(+,*,9.'+?*/%-*<(.*f*'0*/%-*<&=(+*<("*9+=(..'-,>*.-$&.,*o\A*.(/%-.* /%(+*o__A>*@-$(9"-*"%-*,',*+&/*-2:-.'-+$-*/%-"-*-F-+/"7 ";6nV-">*\nW&>*__nIkG!*'0*,-$)'+-"*/&*(+"<-.B* E!?"<)T$)+$"F/)."%G33$.F"'."C)G")*"C)G*"/)T$" " " " " " áxxxá" " E,?">)G"*$&$2P$A"'"F$P$*$"%$'.2+B".)"./$"%)ACa")*"1'*.")S"C)G*"%)AC"Y'F"&G." " áxxxá" " E@?"<)T$)+$"'..'&N$A"C)G"Y2./"'"1'+B'")*")./$*"Y$'1)+" " " " áxxxá" " E4?">)G"Y$*$".2$A"G1")*"3)&N$A"G1"'F"'"1*2F)+$*" " " " " " áxxxá" " EH?">)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"&'**C"/$'PC"3)'AF")*"A)")./$*"S)*&$A"3'%)G*" " " áxxxá" " EL?">)G"Y2.+$FF$A"%$'.2+BFa"&G..2+BF")*".)*.G*$")S")./$*"1$)13$" " " " áxxxá" E\?">)G"Y2.+$FF$A"'"N2332+B" " " " " " " " áxxxá" " EQ?">)G"Y2.+$FF$A"./$"*'1$")*"F$]G'3"'%GF$")S"'"Y)T'+" " " " " áxxxá" " EX?">)G*"/GF%'+A"Y'F"TG*A$*$A")*"A2$A"P2)3$+.3C" " " " " áxxxá" G0*/%-*.-":&+,-+/*,',+A/*%(F-*(*%9"@(+,*,9.'+?*/%-*<(.>*/%-*.-":&+"-*"%&9),*@-*o\A*f*"'+$-*"%-*,',*+&/* -2:-.'-+$-*/%'"7**Q%-*"(=-*0&.*())*0&))&<'+?*'/-="*'+*/%'"*I-$/'&+*<%'$%*.-0-.*/&*/%-*.-":&+,-+/A"*%9"@(+,7* E!-?"J+$")*"T)*$")S"C)G*"&/23A*$+"Y'F"TG*A$*$A")*"A2$A"P2)3$+.3C" " " áxxxá" " G0*/%-*.-":&+,-+/*,',+A/*%(F-*(+#*$%'),.-+*,9.'+?*/%-*<(.>*/%-*.-":&+"-*"%&9),*@-*o\A*f*"'+$-*"%-*,',*+&/* -2:-.'-+$-*/%'"7**Q%-*"(=-*0&.*())*0&))&<'+?*'/-="*'+*/%'"*I-$/'&+*<%'$%*.-0-.*/&*/%-*.-":&+,-+/A"*$%'),.-+7* E!!?"0+)./$*"S'T23C"T$T%$*")*"S*2$+A"Y'F"TG*A$*$A")*"A2$A"P2)3$+.3C" " " áxxxá" E!,?">)G"/$'*A"BG+"S2*$"*$BG3'*3C" " " " " " " áxxxá" E!@?">)G"*$&$2P$A"'"F$*2)GF"1/CF2&'3"2+OG*C"S*)T"*$%$3F")*"F)3A2$*F" " " " áxxxá" E!4?"#$%$3F"3)).$A"C)G*"1*)1$*.C" " " " " " " áxxxá" E!H?">)G"Y2.+$FF$A"'"T'FF'&*$"_3&))-$/'F-*T'))'+?*&0*+&+1$&=@(/(+/".`"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" áxxxá" E!L?">)G"Y2.+$FF$A"./$"F$..2+B")S"/)GF$F")+"S2*$"Y2./"1$)13$"2+F2A$" " " áxxxá" E!\?">)G"Y$*$"'%AG&.$A" " " " " " " " " áxxxá" E!Q?">)G*"/GF%'+A"A2F'11$'*$A")*"Y'F"'%AG&.$A" " " " " " áxxxá" E!X?"J+$")*"T)*$")S"C)G*"&/23A*$+"A2F'11$'*$A")*"Y'F"'%AG&.$A"" " " áxxxá" E,-?"0+)./$*"S'T23C"T$T%$*")*"S*2$+A"Y'F"'%AG&.$A" " " " " áxxxá" E,!?"0"S'T23C"T$T%$*"*$&$2P$A"'"F$*2)GF"1/CF2&'3"2+OG*C"S*)T"&)T%'." " " áxxxá" " " D(=')#*=-=@-.A*$(+*'+$)9,-*(+#*=-=@-.*&0*/%-*.-":&+,-+/A"*-2/-+,-,*0(=')#7**Q%-.-*'"*+&*+--,*/&*:.&@-* " " " " " /&*',-+/'0#*<%&*'/*<("7* E,,?">)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"/'P$"F$]"Y2./"'"T'+" " " " " " áxxxá" " " " " 100 " " " " " " " E,@?">)G"%$&'T$"1*$B+'+."S*)T"*'1$"'+A"/'A"'"&/23A" " " " " áxxxá" V&9*$(+*"T':*/%'"*e9-"/'&+*'0*/%-*<&=(+*<("+A/*.(:-,>*@9/*=(T-*"9.-*#&9*.-$&.,*o\A*%-.->*+&/*o__A*'+*/%-"-* $("-"* E,4?">)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"F.$1")+")*")./$*Y2F$"'%GF$"./$"%)A2$F")S"A$'A"1$*F)+F""" áxxxá" " E,H?"[$*$"./$*$"'+C")./$*"S*2B/.$+2+B")*"A'+B$*)GF"F2.G'.2)+F"Y$"/'P$"+)."" " áxxxá" A2F&GFF$Aa")*")./$*"./2+BF"./'."C)G"Y$*$"S)*&$A".)"A)h"" DCc7*:?!4%0Y"K$F&*2%$U" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" " E,\?"K2A"C)G"$P$*"3$'P$"C)G*"/)T$"'*$'"2+")*A$*".)"'P)2A"'%AG&.2)+")*"./$"Y'*h""" áxxxá" DC^7*:?!4%0f"Y/$*$"A2A"C)G"B)h"" " W&/-"Y*("T*/%-*.-":&+,-+/*/&*/-))*#&9*())*/%-*:)($-"*"%-*<-+/*/&*'+*&.,-.*/&*(F&',*(@,9$/'&+*&.*/%-* <(.7**N.'/-*/%-*+9=@-.*&0*=&+/%"*"%-*":-+/*'+*-($%*)&$(/'&+*+-2/*/&*/%-*(::.&:.'(/-*:)($-*;G4!* $(=:>*/&<+>*,'00-.-+/*$&==9+'/#B7**Q%-.-*(.-*/%.--*&:/'&+"*0&.*-($%>*'+*$("-*(*.-":&+,-+/*":-+/* /'=-*'+*C*&.*E*G4!*$(=:"*&.*C*&.*E*/&<+"B7* G0*)-""*/%(+*&+-*=&+/%>*<.'/-*o6A7* G0*/%-*.-":&+,-+/*":-+/*"-F-.()*#-(."*'+*(*,'":)($-=-+/*)&$(/'&+>*#&9*$(+*<.'/-*/%-*+9=@-.*&0* #-(."*+-2/*/&*/%-*@&2>*/%-+*(/*/%-*-+,*&0*/%-*'+/-.F'-<*$&=-*@($T*/&*/%(/*'/-=*(+,*$()$9)(/-*/%-* +9=@-.*&0*=&+/%"*f*/%'"*0'?9.-*"%&9),*@-*'+"-./-,*'+*/%-*@&27* G/*=(#*@-*/%(/*+&+-*&0*/%-"-*(::)#>*&.*&+)#*&+-*&.*/<&7**!9/*o\A*'+*())*&/%-.">*.(/%-.*/%(+*o_A*&.* o__A>*/&*'+,'$(/-*"%-*":-+/*+&*/'=-*'+*/%-"-*:)($-"7* oQ&<+A*.-0-."*/&*)'F'+?*'+*(+*9.@(+*(.-(*@9/*+&/*'+*(+*G4!*$(=:*;'7-7*"/(#'+?*<'/%*.-)(/'F-"*&.* .-+/'+?*&<+*($$&==&,(/'&+*'+*/&<+B7* o4'00-.-+/*$&==9+'/#A*.-0-."*/&*=&F'+?*/&*(+&/%-.*$&==9+'/#*:-.$-'F-,*/&*@-*"(0-.*f*@9/*+&/* )'F'+?*'+*(+*G4!*$(=:7**o4'00-.-+/*$&==9+'/#A*"%&9),*&+)#*@-*.-$&.,-,*'0*/%-*.-":&+,-+/*<("*)'F'+?* '+,-:-+,-+/)#*f*'0*"%-*<("*)'F'+?*'+*(+*G4!*$(=:>*.-$&.,*'/*9+,-.*oG4!*$(=:A*'+"/-(,7* WJ709:JI" " " I?"=JI9(<" sI)."'1132&'%3$"i"-t" G` :KR"&'T1"_!`" " áxxxxxá" P` :KR"&'T1"_,`" " áxxxxxá" Y` 9)Y+"_!`" " " áxxxxxá" ]` 9)Y+"_,`" " " áxxxxxá" C` K2SS$*$+."&)TTG+2.C"_!`" áxxxxxá" d` J./$*" " " áxxxxxá" " " ! ! " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 101 " " " " " " " "6 /4.#'!4,+#%!/5!#7#)4%!$)3!-&''#)4!-('-&"%4$)-#%!! " 5KH4Y*W&<*GA,*)'T-*/&*("T*#&9*<%-/%-.*#&9*%(F-*-2:-.'-+$-,*$-./('+*-F-+/"*+&/*.-)(/-,*/&*/%-*d5H7** H?('+>*"&=-*&0*/%-"-*-2:-.'-+$-"*(.-*9:"-//'+?*/&*/%'+T*&.*/()T*(@&9/7*G0*"&>*0--)*0.--*+&/*/&*(+"<-.7* I(#>*lG*:.-0-.*/&*?&*/&*/%-*+-2/*e9-"/'&+m7*H)"&>*.-=-=@-.*/%(/*#&9.*(+"<-."*(.-*F-.#*$&+0',-+/'()7* ;6n*V-">*\*n*W&>*__n'0*,-$)'+-"*/&*(+"<-.B! Z!?"('P$"C)G"3)F."'&&$FF".)"C)G*"3'+Ah" " " " " " " áxxxá" " Z,?"('P$"C)G"3)F."1*)1$*.C"%$&'GF$")S"S3))A2+Bh"" " " " " áxxxá" Z@?"('P$"C)G"%$$+"'%'+A)+$A"%C"C)G*"/GF%'+Ah" " " " " áxxxá" Z4?"('P$"C)G"3)F."C)G*"1'*$+.F")*")./$*"&3)F$"*$3'.2P$Fh" " " " " áxxxá" ZH?"('F"C)G*"/GF%'+A")*"'"&/23A"A2$A")S"'"A2F$'F$")*"'&&2A$+.h" " " " áxxxá" " 5-(,Y*W&<*G*<&9),*)'T-*/&*("T*#&9*(@&9/*#&9.*)'0-*+&<*(+,*&F-.*/%-*)("/*LWK*ZLWQa7* 5-='+,*&0*/%-*/'=-*:-.'&,*@#*.-0-..'+?*/&*/%-*-F-+/*/%(/*%(::-+-,*&+-*=&+/%*(?&7* X"-*o#-"A*(+,*o+&A*<%-.-*:&""'@)->*@9/*o"&=-/'=-"*&.*"&=-A*$(+*@-*9"-,*<%-.-*/%-* .-":&+,-+/*,&-"*+&/*0--)*/%(/*-'/%-.*o#-"A*&.*o+&A*/.9)#*.-0)-$/"*%-.*"'/9(/'&+7* _-iI)a"!i<)T$.2T$F")*"<)T$a",i>$Fa"XXi2S"A$&32+$F".)"'+FY$*`" ZL?"K)"C)G"/'P$"'"B))A"*$3'.2)+F/21"Y2./"T)F.")S"C)G*"+$2B/%)G*Fh" " " áxxxá" Z\?"0*$"C)G"$P$*"'%GF$A")*"2+FG3.$A"%C"+$2B/%)G*Fh" " " " " áxxxá" ZQ?"K)"C)G"/'P$"'"B))A"*$3'.2)+F/21"Y2./"C)G*")Y+"S'T23C"T$T%$*Fh" " " áxxxá" ZX?":+"./$"3'F.")+$"T)+./a"/'P$"C)G"S$3."./'."C)G"/'P$"F)"T'+C"*$F1)+F2%232.2$F" " áxxxá" ./'."C)G"'*$"G+'%3$".)"&)1$"Y2./"./$T"'33h" Z!-?"K)"C)G"S$'*"./'."C)G")*"C)G*"S'T23C"T'C"$]1$*2$+&$"'+"W#0"'..'&N"2+"./$"SG.G*$h" áxxxá" Z!!?"K)"C)G"S$'*"./'."C)G*"3'+A")*"1*)1$*.C"Y233"%$"A$F.*)C$A"%C"S3))AFh"" " áxxxá" " ! ! :9!1W%!6%057"3%"1!W#0!"7!W208#"3!a!1W#"=!W%6!#"3!%"3!1W%!:"1%6d:%_N! G0*/%-*<&=(+*%("*+&*%9"@(+,R*:(./+-.>*<.'/-*o__A*%-.-Y**pqqqp* " ! ! " " 102 " " " " " " " 6%#3&!"./!:XC!FIU+!-.!)AU!T.H!A.*+!GH+A-I.(A!)M.H-!T.H@!@.F+!I(!-K+!?)*IFT!)(C!)M.H-!T.H@! KHAM)(CN!_+!U(./!-K+A+!GH+A-I.(A!)@+!B+@A.()F!)(C!E)(!M+!CI??IEHF-!-.!)(A/+@N!!:?!T.H!/.HFC! @)-K+@!(.-!)(A/+@!)(T!.?!-K+A+!GH+A-I.(AJ!bHA-!A)T!c:XC!B@+?+@!-.!D.!-.!-K+!(+]-!GH+A-I.(XN" _-iI)a"!i<)T$.2T$Fa",i>$Fa"XXi*@9/*o"&=-/'=-"*&.*"&=-A*$(+*@-*9"-,*<%-.-*/%-*.-":&+,-+/* ,&-"*+&/*0--)*/%(/*-'/%-.*o#-"A*&.*o+&A*/.9)#*.-0)-$/"*%-.*"'/9(/'&+7* KL?"K)"C)G"13'+".)B$./$*"Y2./"C)G*"/GF%'+A"/)Y".)"GF$"/)GF$/)3A"" " " áxxxá" *$F)G*&$F"_$?B?"T)+$Ca"3'+A`h" K\?"K)$F"C)G*"/GF%'+A"'FN"S)*"C)G*"'AP2&$"Y/$+"/$"2F"S'&$A"Y2./"'"A2SS2&G3."" " áxxxá" A$&2F2)+")*"F2.G'.2)+h" KQ?"K)"C)G".$33"C)G*"/GF%'+A"2S"C)G"./2+N"/$bF"T'N2+B"'"T2F.'N$h" " " " áxxxá" KX?"K)$F"C)G*"/GF%'+A"$+&)G*'B$"C)G".)".'N$")+"3$'A$*F/21"1)F2.2)+Fh" " " áxxxá" K!-?"K)$F"C)G*"/GF%'+A"32F.$+".)"C)G*"FGBB$F.2)+Fh" " " " " áxxxá" :(!-K+!F)A-!7"%!$7"1WJ!K)A!T.H@!KHAM)(C&!! _-iI)a",i>$Fa"XXi*@9/*o"&=-/'=-"*&.*"&=-A*$(+*@-*9"-,*<%-.-*/%-* .-":&+,-+/*,&-"*+&/*0--)*/%(/*-'/%-.*o#-"A*&.*o+&A*/.9)#*.-0)-$/"*%-.*"'/9(/'&+* _-iI)a"!i<)T$.2T$F")*"<)T$a",i>$Fa"XXi2S"A$&32+$F".)"'+FY$*`" Z!,?"K)"C)G"/'P$"'"B))A"*$3'.2)+F/21"Y2./"C)G*"/GF%'+AbF"S'T23Ch" " " áxxxá" Z!@?"K)"C)G*"2+c3'YF"$P$*"'%GF$")*"2+FG3."C)Gh" " " " " " áxxxá" Z!4?":+"./$"3'F.")+$"T)+./a"/'F"C)G*"/GF%'+A"1*)P2A$A"S2+'+&2'33C"S)*"C)G"'+A"C)G*"" áxxxá" &/23A*$+h"" " Q%-*0&))&<'+?*/<&*'/-="*.-0-.*/&*/%-*<&=(+A"*:-.$-:/'&+*&.*0-(.>*.(/%-.*/%(+*.-()'/#7**G0*"%-*"(#"*oG* ,&+A/*T+&<>*'/A"*0&.*%'=*/&*"(#A>*-2:)('+*/%(/*<-*<(+/*/&*T+&<*%-.*/%&9?%/"*&+*/%-"-*'""9-"7* Z!H?"K)"C)G"S$'*"./'."C)G*"/GF%'+A"T'C"'%'+A)+")*"A2P)*&$"C)Gh" " " áxxxá" Z!L?"K)"C)G"S$'*")*"N+)Y"./'."C)G*"/GF%'+A"/'F"/'A"F$]"Y2./")./$*"Y)T$+h" " áxxxá" ! ! ! " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 103 " " " " " " " 5F+)A+!-+FF!*+!I?!T.H@!KHAM)(C`!B)@-(+@!K)A!C.(+!-K+!?.FF./I(D!-KI(DA!:"!1W%!>#01!7"%!$7"1W&!! _!i>$Fa"-iI)a"XXi2S"A$&32+$F".)"'+FY$*`" Z!\?"<3'11$A"C)G")*"./*)Y+"F)T$./2+B"'."C)G"./'."&)G3A"/G*."C)G" " " áxxxá" Z!Q?"RGF/$A"C)G")*"F/)P$A"C)G")*"1G33$A"C)G*"/'2*" " " " " áxxxá" Z!X?"(2."C)G"Y2./"/2F"S2F.")*"Y2./"F)T$./2+B"$3F$"./'."&)G3A"/G*."C)G" " " áxxxá" Z,-?"k2&N$A"C)Ga"A*'BB$A"C)G")*"%$'."C)G"G1" " " " " " áxxxá" Z,!?"7/)N$A")*"%G*+."C)G")+"1G*1)F$" " " " " " " áxxxá" Z,,?"9/*$'.$+$A".)"GF$")*"'&.G'33C"GF$A"'"BG+a"N+2S$")*")./$*"Y$'1)+"'B'2+F."C)G" " áxxxá" Z,@?"9/*$'.$+$A")*"2+.2T2A'.$A"C)G"2+.)"/'P2+B"F$]G'3"2+.$*&)G*F$"$P$+"Y/$+"C)G"" áxxxá" A2A"+)."Y'+.".)" Z,4?"R/CF2&'33C"S)*&$A"C)G".)"/'P$"F$]G'3"2+.$*&)G*F$"$P$+"Y/$+"C)G"A2A"+)."Y'+.".)" áxxxá" Z,H?"M$&)T$"P$*C"'+B*C"2S"C)G".'3N$A".)")./$*"T$+" " " " " áxxxá" Z,L?":+F2F.$A")+"N+)Y2+B"Y/$*$"C)G"'*$"'."'33".2T$F" " " " " áxxxá" Z,\?"9*2$A".)"N$$1"C)G"S*)T"F$$2+B"C)G*"S*2$+AF"" " " " " áxxxá" Z,Q?"K)+$"./2+BF".)"F&'*$")*"2+.2T2A'.$"C)G")+"1G*1)F$"_$?B?"%C"./$"Y'C"/$"3))NF"" " áxxxá" '."C)Ga"%C"C$332+B"'+A"FT'F/2+B"./2+BF`" Z,X?"9/*$'.$+$A".)"/G*."C)G")*"F)T$)+$"C)G"&'*$"'%)G." " " " " áxxxá" Z@-?"#$SGF$A".)"B2P$"C)G"T)+$C"S)*"/)GF$/)3A"$]1$+F$Fa"$P$+"Y/$+"/$"/'A"T)+$C" áxxxá" S)*")./$*"./2+BFh" Z@!?"9'N$+"C)G*"$'*+2+BF")*"F'P2+BF"S*)T"C)G"'B'2+F."C)G*"Y233h" " " " áxxxá" Z@,?"('P$"C)G"/2AA$+"C)G*"T)+$C"F)"C)G*"/GF%'+Ag"1'*.+$*"Y)G3A+b.".'N$"2.h" " áxxxá" " " 1W#"=!1W%!6%057"3%"1!#"3!<>70%!1W%!:"1%6d:%_ " " " " " " " 104 Annex 14 Data entry guide and database preparation " " " " " " " +99.V!MZ=!@B/B!.9/D5!4<82.!B92!2B/BEB:.!JD.JBDB/819! " $6 ()4#'7(#1!-/)4#b4! 0!"c"0" 5+.$*"./$"A'.$"./$"2+.$*P2$Y".))N"13'&$"2+"./$"S)33)Y2+B"S)*T'.U"KK?==?>>" 0!"c"M" 5+.$*"./$".2T$")S"./$"2+.$*P2$Y"GF2+B",4c/)G*"&3)&N"_$?B?"!4U@-`" 0@" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_!c4`?""9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)" T2FF2+B"A'.'"_=K`X?" 04" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" 0H" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" 26 2$-9*'/&)3!()5/'"$4(/)! M!" 5+.$*"'B$"2+"C$'*F"GF2+B".Y)"A2B2.F" M," 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"Y*2..$+"2+"./$"%)]"_!cL`?""9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" M,x)./$*" :S")1.2)+"L"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"M,a"$+.$*"./$"IFXI"A$F&*2%2+B"T'*2.'3"F.'.GF"2+"./2F"&$33"" M@" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!@`?""9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" M4" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" MH" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_!c@`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" ML" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" M\" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_!c@`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" MQ" 5+.$*"./$"+GT%$*"Y*2..$+"2+"./$"%)]"_,"A2B2.F`" MX" 5+.$*"./$"+GT%$*"Y*2..$+"2+"./$"%)]"_,"A2B2.F`" M!-" 5+.$*"./$"+GT%$*"Y*2..$+"2+"./$"%)]"_,"A2B2.F`" M!!" 5+.$*"./$"+GT%$*"Y*2..$+"2+"./$"%)]"_,"A2B2.F`" M!," 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c,`?"=KiXX?" M!@'" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`".)"2+A2&'.$"Y/$./$*" E'./$*_'`"2F"'32P$?"=2FF2+B"A'.'"i"XX?" M!@%" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`".)"2+A2&'.$"Y/$./$*" E'./$*_%`"2F"'32P$?"=KiXX?" M!@&" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`".)"2+A2&'.$"Y/$./$*" E'./$*_&`"2F"'32P$?"=KiXX?" M!@A" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`".)"2+A2&'.$"Y/$./$*" E'./$*_A`"2F"'32P$?"=KiXX?" M!@$" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`".)"2+A2&'.$"Y/$./$*" E'./$*_$`"2F"'32P$?"=KiXX?" M!4'" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`".)"2+A2&'.$"Y/$./$*" E'./$*_'`"1*)P2A$F"S)*"&/23A*$+bF"+$$AF?"=KiXX?" M!4%" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`".)"2+A2&'.$"Y/$./$*" E'./$*_%`"1*)P2A$F"S)*"&/23A*$+bF"+$$AF?"=KiXX?" M!4&" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`".)"2+A2&'.$"Y/$./$*" E'./$*_&`"1*)P2A$F"S)*"&/23A*$+bF"+$$AF?"=KiXX?" M!4A" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`".)"2+A2&'.$"Y/$./$*" E'./$*_A`"1*)P2A$F"S)*"&/23A*$+bF"+$$AF?"=KiXX?" M!4$" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`".)"2+A2&'.$"Y/$./$*" E'./$*_$`"1*)P2A$F"S)*"&/23A*$+bF"+$$AF?"=KiXX?" M!H" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"=KiXX?" M!Hx'" :S")1.2)+"!"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"M!Ha"$+.$*"./$"IFXI"A$F&*2%2+B"Y/)"/$31F"1*)P2A$"S)*" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" X ""9/$".$*T"eT2FF2+B"A'.'b"*$S$*F".)"'"F1'&$"3$S."%3'+N"o"1*$FGT'%3C"'&&2A$+.'33C?""[/$*$"'+"2.$T"2F"A$32%$*'.$3C" FN211$Aa"$2./$*"%$&'GF$"2."A)$F"+)."'113C".)"./$"*$F1)+A$+."_$?B?"2.$TF"'%)G."T'**2'B$"A)"+)."'113C".)"'+" G+T'**2$A"*$F1)+A$+.`")*"./$"*$F1)+A$+."/'F"A$&32+$A".)"'+FY$*a"./$"&)A$"XX"2F"GF$A?" " " Measuring Psychosocial Wellbeing in Democratic Republic of Congo Report of a Pilot Study 105 " " " " " " " &/23A*$+?" M!L'" 5+.$*".Y)cA2B2."+GT%$*".)"2+A2&'.$"S2*F."&/23AbF"'B$?""=KiXX?" M!L%" 5+.$*".Y)cA2B2."+GT%$*".)"2+A2&'.$"F$&)+A"&/23AbF"'B$?""=KiXX?" M!L&" 5+.$*".Y)cA2B2."+GT%$*".)"2+A2&'.$"./2*A"&/23AbF"'B$?""=KiXX?" M!LA" 5+.$*".Y)cA2B2."+GT%$*".)"2+A2&'.$"S)G*./"&/23AbF"'B$?""=KiXX?" M!L$" 5+.$*".Y)cA2B2."+GT%$*".)"2+A2&'.$"S2S./"&/23AbF"'B$?""=KiXX?" M!LS" 5+.$*".Y)cA2B2."+GT%$*".)"2+A2&'.$"F2]./"&/23AbF"'B$?""=KiXX?" M!LB" 5+.$*".Y)cA2B2."+GT%$*".)"2+A2&'.$"F$P$+./"&/23AbF"'B$?""=KiXX?" M!L/" 5+.$*".Y)cA2B2."+GT%$*".)"2+A2&'.$"$2B/./"&/23AbF"'B$?""=KiXX?" M!\xEx'P'23'%3$" 5+.$*".Y)cA2B2."+GT%$*".)"2+A2&'.$"+GT%$*")S"B2*3F"'P'23'%3$"S)*"F&/))3?""=KiXX?" M!\xEx'..$+A" 5+.$*".Y)cA2B2."+GT%$*".)"2+A2&'.$"+GT%$*")S"B2*3F"'..$+A2+B"F&/))3?""=KiXX?" M!Qx=x'P'23'%3$" 5+.$*".Y)cA2B2."+GT%$*".)"2+A2&'.$"+GT%$*")S"%)CF"'P'23'%3$"S)*"F&/))3?""=KiXX?" M!Qx=x'..$+A" 5+.$*".Y)cA2B2."+GT%$*".)"2+A2&'.$"+GT%$*")S"%)CF"'..$+A2+B"F&/))3?""=KiXX?" M!X'" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$"A2B2."+GT%$*"Y*2..$+"2+"./$"S2*F."%)]".)"F/)Y"Y/C"&/23A_'`"2F"+)." 2+"F&/))3?"=KiXX" M!X%" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$"A2B2."+GT%$*"Y*2..$+"2+"./$"F$&)+A"%)]".)"F/)Y"Y/C"&/23A_%`"2F" +)."2+"F&/))3?"=KiXX" M!X&" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$"A2B2."+GT%$*"Y*2..$+"2+"./$"./2*A"%)]".)"F/)Y"Y/C"&/23A_&`"2F"+)." 2+"F&/))3?"=KiXX" M!XA" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$"A2B2."+GT%$*"Y*2..$+"2+"./$"S)G*./"%)]".)"F/)Y"Y/C"&/23A_A`"2F" +)."2+"F&/))3?"=KiXX" M!X$" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$"A2B2."+GT%$*"Y*2..$+"2+"./$"S2S./"%)]".)"F/)Y"Y/C"&/23A_$`"2F"+)." 2+"F&/))3?"=KiXX" M!Xx)./$*" :S")1.2)+"\"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"M!X'c$a"$+.$*"./$"IFXI"A$F&*2%2+B"./$"*$'F)+"" M,-" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c\`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" M,!" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" M,," 5+.$*"./$"+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-a"!")*"QQ`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" M,@" 5+.$*"./$"+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_!c@`?"=KiXX" M,4" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" M,4'" :S")1.2)+"!"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"M,4a"$+.$*"./$"IFXI"A$F&*2%2+B"Y/'."F/$"A)$F".)"$'*+" T)+$C?" M,4%" :S")1.2)+"!"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"M!Ha"$+.$*"./$"'T)G+."2+"E*'+&F"$'*+$A")P$*"./$"3'F."\" A'CF?" M,H" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c@`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" M,L" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_!c4`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" M,\" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_!c4`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" M,Q" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" M,X'" :S")1.2)+"!"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"M,Qa"$+.$*"./$"+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"S2*F."%)]"_!c\`".)" 2+A2&'.$"*$'F)+"S)*"&G3.2P'.2)+"1*)%3$T?"=KiXX?" M,X%" :S")1.2)+"!"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"M,Qa"$+.$*"./$"+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"F$&)+A"%)]"_!c\`" .)"2+A2&'.$"*$'F)+"S)*"&G3.2P'.2)+"1*)%3$T?"=KiXX?" M,X&" :S")1.2)+"!"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"M,Qa"$+.$*"./$"+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"./2*A"%)]"_!c\`".)" 2+A2&'.$"*$'F)+"S)*"&G3.2P'.2)+"1*)%3$T?"=KiXX?" M,XA" :S")1.2)+"!"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"M,Qa"$+.$*"./$"+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"S)G*./"%)]"_!c\`".)" 2+A2&'.$"*$'F)+"S)*"&G3.2P'.2)+"1*)%3$T?"=KiXX?" M,X$" :S")1.2)+"!"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"M,Qa"$+.$*"./$"+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"S2S./"%)]"_!c\`".)" 2+A2&'.$"*$'F)+"S)*"&G3.2P'.2)+"1*)%3$T?"=KiXX?" M@-" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" M@!" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" M@," 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" " " 106 " " " " " " " M@@" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_!c4`?"9/$*$"F/)G3A"%$"+)"=K?" -6 %/-($0!-/))#-4#3)#%%! 7!U"'c/" I)i-f"=$T%$*i!f"W$'A$*i,"_=KiXX`" 7!xA$F&*2%$" :S")1.2)+"/"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"7!a"$+.$*"./$"IFXI"A$F&*2%2+B"./$".C1$")S"B*)G1?"" 7," I)"i"-f">$F"i"!"_=KiXX`" 7@" :S")1.2)+"!"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"7,a"$+.$*"./$"+GT%$*"Y*2..$+"2+.)"./$"%)]?""=KiXX" 7@xA$F&*2%$" :S")1.2)+"!"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"7,a"$+.$*"./$"IFXI"A$F&*2%2+B"./$".C1$")S"3$'A$*F/21" 1)F2.2)+_F`" 74U"'c/" I)"i"-f">$F"i"!"_=KiXX`" 74xA$F&&*2%$" :S")1.2)+"/"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"74a"$+.$*"./$"IFXI"A$F&*2%2+B"./$".C1$")S"'&.2P2.C?"" 7H"o"7\" 5+.$*"./$"+GT%$*"&2*&3$A"_-c@`?"=KiXX" 7Q"o7!Q"_&)3GT+" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"=KiXX" !`" 7Q'c"7!Q'" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c,`?"=KiXX" _&)3GT+",`" 36 #"+/1#'"#)4! K!cKH"_&)3GT+" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"=KiXX" !`" K!'cKH'" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c,`?"=KiXX" _&)3GT+",`" KLcK!-" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c,`?"=KiXX" K!!cK!," 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-")*",`?"=KiXX" #6 +%,-./0/*(-$0!3(%4'#%%! 5!c5Q" 5+.$*"./$"+GT%$*"&2*&3$A"_-c@`?"=KiXX" 56 #7#)4%!4.$4!"$,!-/)4'(2&4#!4/!+%,-./0/*(-$0!3(%4'#%%!! E!cE,H" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"=KiXX" E,L" :S")1.2)+"!"2F"&/)F$+"S)*"E,Ha"$+.$*"./$"IFXI"A$F&*2%2+B"./$"$]1$*2$+&$?" E,\" 5+.$*"./$"F2+B3$cA2B2."+GT%$*"$+.$*$A"2+"./$"%)]"_-c!`?"=KiXX" E,QU"'cS" 5+.$*"+GT%$*")S"=JI9(