RP1797 V2 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Ref. No. 9A000304.01 2014-12-20 OSHPC “Barki Tojik” ОАХК «Барки Точик» Republic of Tajikistan Республика Таджикистан Rogun HPP ESIA ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Environmental and Social Оценка экологического и Impact Assessment for социального воздействия для Rogun Hydro Power Plant Рогунской ГЭС Resettlement Action Plan План действий по for Stage 1 переселению на Этапе 1 Report prepared by/ Отчет подготовлен: Contact: Контактные лица: Dr. Robert Zwahlen Dr. Роберт Звален Environment and Social Development Специалист по окружающей среде и Specialist социальному развитию Pöyry Energy Ltd. «Pöyry Energy Ltd.» Hardturmstrasse 161, P.O. Box Hardturmstrasse 161, P.O. Box CH-8037 Zurich/Switzerland CH-8037 Zurich/Switzerland Tel. +41 44 355 55 54 Тел. +41 44 355 55 54 Mobile +41 76 356 21 13 Моб. +41 76 356 21 13 Fax +41 44 355 55 56 Факс +41 44 355 55 56 e-mail robert.zwahlen@poyry.com e-мейл robert.zwahlen@poyry.com http://www.poyry.com http://www.poyry.com Picture on front page: New settlement Toychi 1, Tursunzade; picture taken 2013-07-11: School building under construction, clinic and water tower (centre of the picture) in place, houses built or under construction. Copyright © Pöyry Energy AG / Авторское право: © Pöyry Energy AG This report has been prepared by Pöyry Energy AG (“Pöyry”) for OSHPC Barki Tojik (the “Recipient”). No representation or warranty is made by Pöyry as to the accuracy and completeness of any of the information contained in the report and nothing in the report is or shall be relied upon as a promise or representation as to the future. All information contained in this report is of confidential nature and intended for the exclusive use of the Recipient. The Recipient may transmit the information contained in the report to its directors, officers, employees or professional advisors, provided that they are informed by the recipient of its confidential nature. Данный отчет был подготовлен Pöyry Energy AG («Pöyry») для ОАХК Барки Тоджик («Получатель»). Никаких гарантий не предоставляется со стороны Pöyry в точности и полноте информации, содержащейся в отчете, и никакая информация в отчете не является и не может рассматриваться как обещание или гарантии на будущее. Вся информация, содержащаяся в настоящем отчете, носит конфиденциальный характер и предназначена для использования исключительно Получателем. Получатель может передавать информацию, содержащуюся в отчете, своим директорам, должностным лицам, сотрудникам или профессиональным консультантам, при условии, что они проинформированы получателем о конфиденциальном характере данной информации. All rights are reserved. This document or any part thereof may not be copied or reproduced without permission in writing from Pöyry. Все права защищены. Этот документ или любая его часть не могут быть скопированы или воспроизведены без письменного разрешения Pöyry. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page i Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................... VI DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................ VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................A Scope ......................................................................................................................................................A Project Description .................................................................................................................................A Institutional Arrangement ......................................................................................................................A Definition of Stage 1 Resettlement ........................................................................................................ B Baseline Socio-economic Information on the Project Area ................................................................... C Avoidance or Reduction of Displacement ............................................................................................. C Identification of Project-Affected People, Including Vulnerable Groups .............................................. C Special Case of Rogun ...........................................................................................................................D Resettlement Policy Framework ............................................................................................................D Consultation and Participation ............................................................................................................... E Land Acquisition / Resettlement Mechanisms ....................................................................................... E Entitlements ............................................................................................................................................ E Resettlement Budget including Compensation Costs ............................................................................ E Grievance Procedure .............................................................................................................................. F Monitoring and Reporting ...................................................................................................................... F Stage 1 Resettlement: Situation in Mid-2013 ........................................................................................G 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Definition and Objectives....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The Special Case of Rogun HPP Resettlement ...................................................................... 2 1.3 Resettlement in Stages ........................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Special Situation for RAP Preparation ................................................................................... 3 2 THE PROJECT .................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Project Site ............................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Delimitation of Stage 1 Project Area ..................................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Topography and Land Use ..................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Climatic Conditions................................................................................................................ 6 2.2.3 Reservoir Area and Risk Zone ............................................................................................... 6 3 AFFECTED POPULATION ............................................................................................... 7 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 7 3.2 Approach ................................................................................................................................ 7 3.2.1 Villages Covered .................................................................................................................... 7 3.2.2 Questionnaires and Field Work, Census 2011 ....................................................................... 9 3.2.3 Questionnaire and Field Work, HLA Survey 2014 .............................................................. 10 3.3 Socio-Economic Situation of the Affected Population ........................................................ 10 3.3.1 Villages................................................................................................................................. 10 3.3.1.1 Village Size .......................................................................................................................... 10 OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page ii 3.3.1.2 Place of Permanent Residence ............................................................................................. 10 3.3.2 HH Structure ........................................................................................................................ 11 3.3.3 Housing ................................................................................................................................ 12 3.3.4 HH Economy ........................................................................................................................ 13 3.3.4.1 Employment ......................................................................................................................... 13 3.3.4.2 Agriculture and Livestock ................................................................................................... 15 3.3.4.3 HH Income and Expenditures .............................................................................................. 20 3.3.5 Services and Infrastructure ................................................................................................... 22 3.3.5.1 Water Supply ....................................................................................................................... 22 3.3.5.2 Sanitation ............................................................................................................................. 24 3.3.5.3 Domestic Fuel ...................................................................................................................... 24 3.3.5.4 Health Services .................................................................................................................... 25 3.3.5.5 Education ............................................................................................................................. 26 3.3.5.6 Markets ................................................................................................................................ 28 3.3.5.7 Roads, Paths and Bridges(Village Connections) ................................................................. 29 3.3.5.8 Sacred Sites and Mosques ................................................................................................... 29 3.3.6 Vulnerable Groups ............................................................................................................... 30 3.3.6.1 Definition ............................................................................................................................. 30 3.3.6.2 Survey Results ..................................................................................................................... 30 3.4 Attitude towards Resettlement ............................................................................................. 32 3.4.1 Avoidance or Reduction of Resettlement............................................................................. 32 3.4.2 Readiness to Move ............................................................................................................... 32 3.4.3 Most Important Criteria for Relocation ................................................................................ 33 4 RESETTLEMENT ACTIVITIES UNDER WAY .......................................................... 35 4.1 Host Sites.............................................................................................................................. 35 4.1.1 Identification of Host Sites ................................................................................................... 35 4.1.2 Resettlement Sites Under Development ............................................................................... 35 4.1.3 Population of Host Communities ......................................................................................... 38 4.2 Choice of Resettlement Sites and PAPs’ Views .................................................................. 39 4.3 Community Views on Resettlement ..................................................................................... 42 4.4 BHR Study on Resettlement for Rogun ............................................................................... 43 4.4.1 Scope .................................................................................................................................... 43 4.4.2 Main Points Raised............................................................................................................... 44 4.4.3 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 45 5 CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION .................................................................. 47 5.1 Public Consultation Plan for RAP Implementation ............................................................. 47 5.2 Consultations Held to Date .................................................................................................. 49 5.2.1.1 Individual Consultations ...................................................................................................... 54 5.2.1.2 Community Consultations ................................................................................................... 54 5.2.1.3 Consultation with Government Officials ............................................................................. 55 5.3 Continuation of Public Consultations .................................................................................. 55 5.3.1 Public Disclosure.................................................................................................................. 56 5.3.2 Planned Consultations .......................................................................................................... 56 6 RESETTLEMENT ............................................................................................................. 59 OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page iii 6.1 PAPs' Options for Relocating............................................................................................... 59 6.2 Entitlement ........................................................................................................................... 59 6.3 Grievance Procedure ............................................................................................................ 66 6.3.1 Grievance Redress Mechanism ............................................................................................ 66 6.3.2 Relying on Local Mechanisms as First Step ........................................................................ 68 6.3.3 Second Step .......................................................................................................................... 68 6.3.4 Third Instance: Appeal to Law Court ................................................................................... 68 6.3.5 Roles and responsibilities ..................................................................................................... 69 6.4 Livelihood Restoration ......................................................................................................... 69 7 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ............................................................................ 72 7.1 The Resettlement Unit (RU) ................................................................................................ 72 7.1.1 The Activities of RU ............................................................................................................ 72 7.1.2 Present Structure of RU........................................................................................................ 73 7.1.3 Additional Staffing ............................................................................................................... 75 7.2 Supporting Entities ............................................................................................................... 76 7.2.1 Legal Counsel ....................................................................................................................... 76 7.2.2 Witness NGO ....................................................................................................................... 76 7.3 Coordination with Other Agencies ....................................................................................... 76 8 RESETTLEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................... 79 8.1 Scope and Special Conditions .............................................................................................. 79 8.2 Coordination with Civil Works ............................................................................................ 80 8.2.1 Relocation of Villages .......................................................................................................... 80 8.3 Environmental Concerns and Environmental Management ................................................. 80 8.4 Compensation ....................................................................................................................... 81 8.4.1 Main Compensation Package ............................................................................................... 81 8.4.2 Disturbance and Moving Allowance: ................................................................................... 82 8.4.3 Agricultural Crops ................................................................................................................ 83 8.4.4 Transport .............................................................................................................................. 83 8.5 Vulnerable groups ................................................................................................................ 83 8.6 Compensation for Cultural Sites .......................................................................................... 83 8.7 Proposed Schedule and implementation status in December 2014 ...................................... 84 9 MONITORING AND REPORTING ............................................................................... 88 9.1 Types of Monitoring............................................................................................................. 88 9.2 Procedure and Schedule ....................................................................................................... 88 9.3 Indicators .............................................................................................................................. 89 9.3.1 Resettlement Monitoring Report .......................................................................................... 89 10 BUDGET AND FUNDING ................................................................................................ 91 10.1 Basis for Calculation ............................................................................................................ 91 10.1.1 Time Line for Completion of Stage 1 Resettlement ............................................................ 91 10.1.2 Compensation ....................................................................................................................... 91 10.1.3 Village Infrastructure ........................................................................................................... 91 10.1.4 Alternative Livelihood Development ................................................................................... 92 OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page iv 10.1.5 Relocation of Burial Sites .................................................................................................... 92 10.1.6 Witness NGO and Legal Counsel ........................................................................................ 92 10.1.7 RU Staffing .......................................................................................................................... 93 10.1.8 RU Training.......................................................................................................................... 93 10.1.9 Monitoring ............................................................................................................................ 93 10.1.10 Contingencies ....................................................................................................................... 93 10.2 Budget .................................................................................................................................. 93 11 STAGE 1 RESETTLEMENT: STATUS AS OF MID-2013 .......................................... 95 11.1 Effects of GOT - WB Agreements ....................................................................................... 95 11.2 Resettlement Sites ................................................................................................................ 95 11.3 The Moving Target: Progress in Resettlement Sites .......................................................... 102 11.3.1 Toichi 1, Tursunzade .......................................................................................................... 103 11.3.2 Novi Saidon ........................................................................................................................ 104 11.3.3 Yoligarmova ....................................................................................................................... 105 ANNEXES ......................................................................................................................................... 106 List of Tables Table 0-1: Stage 1 resettlement status of HH relocation as of December 31 , 2014 ....................... B Table 0-2: Budget for Stage 1 resettlement ..................................................................................... F Table 0-1: Stage 1 resettlement status of HH relocation as of December 7 , 2014 ......................... 7 Table 3-2: Place of birth of HH members...................................................................................... 10 Table 3-3: Marital status of HH member in affected villages, Stage 1 ......................................... 12 Table 3-4: Number of living rooms and bedrooms per HH ........................................................... 13 Table 3-5: Employment rate of adult population ........................................................................... 14 Table 3-6: Structure of use of HH plots ......................................................................................... 16 Table 3-7: Average size of dekhan HH plots ................................................................................. 16 Table 3-8: Types of land used for agricultural production besides HH plots (%) ......................... 17 Table 3-9: Average size of agricultural production besides HH plots ........................................... 18 Table 3-10: Cultivation of fruit and other types of trees per HH .................................................... 19 Table 3-11: Average monthly income of HHs from dekhan farms (TJS) ....................................... 20 Table 3-12: Average monthly expenditure of HHs (TJS)................................................................ 21 Table 3-13: Sources of water supply, Stage 1 villages .................................................................... 23 Table 3-14: Distance of medical facilities from villagers’ place of residence ................................ 26 Table 3-15: Level of adult education in Stage 1 villages ................................................................ 27 Table 3-16: Preference for resettlement sites .................................................................................. 33 Table 4-1: Host population and distance from new site ................................................................ 38 Table 4-2: Number of families already resettled at new sites (Stage 1 and 2, June 2011) ............ 39 Table 4-3: PAPs’ expression on positive and negative aspects of resettlement ............................ 43 Table 5-1: Rogun HPP Consultations Matrix - before RAP dslosure ........................................... 50 Table 6-1: Entitlement Matrix ....................................................................................................... 61 Table 10-1: Budget for Stage 1 resettlement (based on 2011 costs) ............................................... 93 Table 11-1: Resettlement villages: Tepi Smarkandi (Rudaki)......................................................... 96 Table 11-2: Resettlement villages: Mohinkaj (Rudaki) ................................................................... 97 Table 11-3: Resettlement villages: Toychi (Tursunzade) ................................................................ 98 Table 11-4: Resettlement villages: New Chorsada (Dangara)......................................................... 99 OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page v Table 11-5: Resettlement villages: Novi Saidon (Rogun) ............................................................. 100 Table 11-6: Resettlement villages: Yoligarmova (Rogun) ............................................................ 101 List of Figures Figure 2-1: Outline of Rogun reservoir with affected districts ......................................................... 4 Figure 2-2: Location of Stage 1 vilages ............................................................................................ 5 Figure 3-1: Distribution of HH size ................................................................................................ 11 Figure 3-2: Frequency distribution of HH family composition by gender and age ........................ 12 Figure 3-3: Distribution of size of dekhan plots ............................................................................. 18 Figure 3-4: Distribution of average monthly income of HHs ......................................................... 21 Figure 3-5: Distribution of HHs’ water source ............................................................................... 24 Figure 3-6: Distribution of HHs’ education level ........................................................................... 28 Figure 3-7: Distribution of vulnerable group HH heads ................................................................. 31 Figure 3-8: Distribution of HH heads ............................................................................................. 32 Figure 3-9: Distribution of major criteria for relocation ................................................................. 34 Figure 4-1: Resettlement sites for Rogun HPP (Stage 1 and Stage 2) ............................................ 36 Figure 6-1: Grievance processing mechanism ................................................................................ 68 Figure 7-1: Organisation of Rogun Resettlement Unit ................................................................... 74 Figure 8-1: Resettlement Stage 1 schedule (sample) ...................................................................... 87 Figure 11-1: School in Toichi 1, 2013-07-04.................................................................................. 103 Figure 11-2: School in Toichi 1, 2013-08-28.................................................................................. 103 Figure 11-3: Novi Saidon, 2012-11-10 ........................................................................................... 104 Figure 11-4: Novi Saidon, 2013-10-24 ........................................................................................... 104 Figure 11-5: Novi Saidon, 2013-10-24 ........................................................................................... 104 Figure 11-6: Chormagzak, 2011-08-05 ........................................................................................... 105 Figure 11-7: Yoligarmova, 2013-10-24 .......................................................................................... 105 OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page vi LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFH Association of farmer household BHR Bureau of human rights CDHS Collective dekhan household d/s Downstream DDC District Development Committee EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMMP Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan FGD Focus Group Discussion FSL Full Supply Level GC Grievance Committee GOT Government of Tajikistan HC Health Centre HDI Human Development Index HDR Human Development report HEP Hydroelectric Power HH Household HLA Household Level Resettlement Audit HPP Hydropower Project IETI International Enterprise of Technical Inventory LCR Local Consultation Representative LRP Livelihood Restoration Plan m asl meters above sea level OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page vii MLSP Ministry of Labour and Social Protection NGO Non-Governmental Organisation ODA Overseas Development Assistance OJSC Open Joint Stock Company OSHPC Open Stock Holding Power Company PAP Project Affected Person PLA Programme Level Resettlement Audit RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RU Resettlement Unit SIA Social Impact Assessment TJS Tajikistan Somoni TOR Terms of Reference u/s Upstream USD United States Dollar WB World Bank Currency Exchange Rate: March 2012, USD 1 = TJS 4.75870 OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page viii DEFINITIONS The main key technical terms used in this Report are briefly defined here. Compensation: Payment in cash or in kind for an asset or a resource that is acquired or affected by a project. Cut-off date: Date of completion of the census and assets inventory of persons affected by the project. Persons who encroach on the area after the cut-off date are not entitled to compensation or any other form of resettlement assistance. Similarly, fixed assets (such as built structures, crops, fruit trees, and woodlots) established after the date of completion of the assets inventory, or an alternative mutually agreed on date, will not be compensated. Economic displacement: Loss of income streams or means of livelihood resulting from land acquisition or obstructed access to resources (land, water, or forest) resulting from the construction or operation of a project or its associated facilities. Family: Families are defined as a married couple and their children. Host population: People living in or around areas to which people physically displaced by a project will be resettled who, in turn, may be affected by the resettlement. Involuntary resettlement: Resettlement is involuntary when land is acquired through the application of state powers. Actions may be taken without the displaced person's informed consent or power of choice. Household: A household is the economic unit for resettlement and compensation issues. Household members (often an extended family, but not necessarily restricted to family members) live off a common base (land owned and/or used by the household or its members) and/or contribute to the livelihood of all HH members. The Head of the household is normally the one to be interviewed first, thereafter his spouse and her children. If the head of the household has more than one spouse, then the second spouse is interviewed next followed by her children, and so forth. In a polygamous setting, not all HH members live necessarily in one building (often, each wife has her own house). On the other hand, more than one HH can live in a common building. Members of a household are also those who have resided in the household for 9 months. However, there can also be household members who have not resided at home for 9 months due to either their studies, e.g. university students, or have been away in hospital. But the household head will verify that those mentioned as being absent for more than 9 months are under his care and hence fall within the category of household members. Livelihood restoration: Measures that will be undertaken to assist physically and economically displaces PAPs to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. Assistance must continue after displacement, for a transition period, based on a reasonable estimate of the time likely to be needed to restore their livelihood and standards of living. Project-affected person (PAP): Any person who, as a result of the implementation of a project, loses the right to own, use, or otherwise benefit from a built structure, land OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page ix (residential, agricultural, or pasture), annual or perennial crops and trees, or any other fixed or moveable asset, either in full or in part, permanently or temporarily. Replacement cost: For houses and other structures, replacement cost is the market cost of the materials to build a replacement structure with an area and quality equivalent to the affected structure, or to repair a partially affected structure, plus the cost of transporting building materials to the construction site, plus the cost of any labour and contractors' fees, plus the cost of any registration and transfer taxes. It also includes costs for levelling or other preparation for new construction or use. Costs are calculated based on the time at which the asset is being replaced, if not, inflation is taken into account in calculating costs. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP): The document in which a project sponsor or other responsible entity specifies the procedures that it will follow and the actions that it will take to mitigate adverse effects, compensate losses, and provide development benefits to persons and communities affected by an investment project. Resettlement assistance: Support provided to people who are physically displaced by a project. Assistance may include transportation, food, shelter, and social services that are provided to affected people during their relocation. Assistance may also include cash allowances that compensate affected people for the inconvenience associated with resettlement and defray the expenses of a transition to a new locale, such as moving expenses and lost workdays. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF): The purpose of the RPF is to clarify resettlement principles, organizational arrangements, and design criteria to be applied to subprojects to be prepared during project implementation. It contains clear definitions of conditions under which the resettlement (for a specific project, a sector program or within a political entity like a state or a province) will be planned and implemented. It defines issues like entitlement, principles of compensation, grievance processes and other legal procedures. An RPF is required for projects with subprojects or multiple components that cannot be identified before project approval. The RPF should be consistent with the principles and objectives of OP 4.12. Resettlement site: site of new village to which resettlers relocate. Stakeholders: Any and all individuals, groups, organizations, and institutions interested in and potentially affected by a project or having the ability to influence a project. Vulnerable groups: People, especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children, or other displaced persons who may not be protected through national land compensation legislation, who by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability, economic disadvantage, or social status may be more adversely affected by resettlement than others and who may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement assistance and related development benefits. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page A EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Scope Resettlement of six villages in the vicinity of the proposed Rogun dam site and one village lying at approximately 1100m asl - referred to as Stage 1 resettlement - is taking place. As per an agreement with the World Bank, this resettlement, prior to the completion of this Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), is to take place in accordance with Tajik national law and international good practice. The application of this RAP would ensure that the resettlement is in accordance with the World Bank’s policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). Separately, a Programme Level Resettlement Audit (PLA) and a Household Level Resettlement Audit (HLA) will inform retroactive measures that would be required to make any resettlement already undertaken prior to application of the RAP consistent with the RAP. This RAP was developed in accordance with the World Bank’s safeguard policies. Main field work for the preparation of the RAP was done in 2011, and the bulk of the information presented dates from then, with some update being done in 2013 and some additional information added reflecting the situation up to December 2014. Project Description The Rogun dam site is located in the Vakhsh river valley, about 110 km east of Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. The dam site is about 70 km upstream of the Nurek Dam and is located in the Rasht region which has seven districts: Fayzabad, Rogun, Rasht, Tavildara, Tojikobod and Jirgital. The Construction site and the future reservoir will directly affect Rogun, Nurobod, and Rasht Districts. The project, as recommended by the technical and economic assessment (TEAS), is proposed to consist of a 335 m high dam, a reservoir with a full supply level (FSL) of 1290 m asl covering an area of 170 km², and a power house with an installed capacity of 3200 MW. However, this RAP only covers the so-called Stage 1, when the reservoir impoundment will start to reach a level of 1100 m asl; at this stage, the project will start to produce electricity. This stage will be reached 3 years after construction work (which had originally started in the 1980s, but was then interrupted) will resume. Institutional Arrangement Rogun OJSC is the developer and as such will be responsible for building the dam during the different stages. A special unit, the "Directorate of the Flooding Zone of Rogun HPP", called here the Resettlement Unit (RU), was set up to deal with resettlement in coordination with other government ministries and agencies. A Witness NGO will be selected to monitor the compensation and resettlement process to ensure that the RAP is implemented properly. Legal counsel for the PAPs will be provided. RU has local offices and representatives at all relevant sites (Rogun, Darband, Dangara, Rudaki, Tursunzade). Staffing of RU, including the local offices, will be adapted according to requirements. Community Liaison Officers (CLO) will be hired (first in the central RU office, at a later stage also in the local offices), as well as specialists in OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page B livelihood restoration. If such specialists cannot be found, an institutional strengthening and capacity building program for RU might be required. Definition of Stage 1 Resettlement Stage 1 resettlement is defined as:  Relocation of 7 villages as follows: o 6 villages (Kishrog, Mirog, Tagi Agba, Talkhakchashma, Tagi Kamar, and Sech) which are located in the so-called "risk zone", i.e. within the construction site of Rogun dam, two of them (Kishrog and Mirog) downstream of the dam, the remaining 4 upstream of it), and o 1 village (Chorsada), located 12 km upstream of the dam, outside the construction area, but at an elevation of 1100 m asl, and which therefore is the only village in the project area which would be submerged in the first stage of reservoir filling, when the reservoir would reach a level of 1100 m asl.  These 7 villages have a population of 2048 persons in 289 households (status as of December 2014). This definition of Stage 1 resettlement applies through the entire report. A total of 289 HHs, whose population is 2048, making up 527 families were identified as PAPs. The following Table shows the villages in Stage 1 with the number of households (Table 0-1) and the stage of house construction and relocation to the new site Table 0-1: Stage 1 resettlement status of HH relocation as of December 31 , 2014 No. of families No. of allocate land Process of house construction and relocation (No. Village No.of HH. families plots of families) not started yet under way Completed Kishrog and Mirog 38 62 62 53 1 8 Tagi Agba 6 18 18 6 12 0 Talkhachashma 53 98 98 39 51 8 Tagi Kamar 39 78 78 14 62 2 Sech 6 11 11 0 5 6 Chorsada 147 260 260 58 37 165 Total stage 1 289 527 527 170 168 189 OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page C Baseline Socio-economic Information on the Project Area The level of employment of the population in the project area hinges on 27% of the male population being employed at the construction site of Rogun HPP while 24% are migrant workers in Russia. A majority of women are housewives and work on family gardens and livestock husbandry. Most of the domestic water supply is from natural springs, where problems with access to drinking water are present, Sech and Talkhakchashma villages experienced these and supply to the villages was by delivery of water by the authorities. The disposal of garbage in the affected villages is by burying, no centralised system for garbage collection is present. The main sanitation facilities were found to be cesspool or pits with a deck covering. All toilets are located in the outskirts of the HH compound. Medical facilities are generally more than 5 km from the villages and over 90% of the population use the health facilities which are located in the nearest district centres or urban area. Most births occur at home. There are few education facilities in the project area. Most villages share primary schools and the only secondary school up to grade 9 is in Tagi Kamar village. The level of education among the adult population is relatively low, especially among the females. Agriculture is widely practised and farmland includes dekhan farms, leased farms and presidential lands. All land is state property and is rented out to farmers who are granted inheritable land use rights, which gives them legal freedom to manage the land. Farm land and pasture are found to be very important assets. The main crops cultivated are potatoes, tomatoes and other vegetables. Orchards are also kept, especially mulberry, apple, cherry and nut trees. Trees for timber are also grown. Livestock breeding is also widely practised. Fishing and gathering of wild plants is also carried out, but by a minimum of the HHs. Most of what is grown or fish that is caught is for personal consumption. Very little output is sold, unless there has been a bumper harvest, so food security is an issue in the Stage 1 villages. The HH’s main expenditure is on food and relatively a low level of spending is on education. Avoidance or Reduction of Displacement All Stage 1 villages have to be relocated as the land, houses, assets and other social, economic and most cultural infrastructure will be affected. Chorsada, located at an elevation of 1100 m, will be the first village directly affected by reservoir impoundment. The remaining six Stage 1 villages have or will be relocated due to the fact that they are located within the construction site, as already mentioned above. Hence, avoidance or reduction of displacement is not possible for the Stage 1 villages. Identification of Project-Affected People, Including Vulnerable Groups The average household size of the HHs affected was found to be 6 persons per HH, with the largest share made up to 8 people. The yearly average income per HH was found to be TJS 30`000 with 2 members generating an income. HH average monthly income OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page D vary between TJS 1`000 and TJS 3’0001. All HHs will lose their residential (house plots), agricultural and pasture land. 73 out of 289 HHs, were identified as vulnerable:  38 HH heads are women and of these 3 are widows.  Of the total population, 31 persons are disabled, of these 22 are men and 9 are women.  23 HH heads that are disabled.  4.1% of the HHs were found to be very poor, i.e. 12 HHs. These vulnerable persons are entitled to additional support such as assistance in constructing their houses, special support in livelihood restoration programs if required, etc., in addition to the subsidies that they would normally be eligible for. Special Case of Rogun Rogun is a special case insofar as resettlement has started over 30 years ago, was then interrupted by the civil war, and was resumed recently. Presently resettlement activities in the Stage 1 villages are going on. New sites have been identified and construction of social, economic and cultural infrastructure is either complete or ongoing at the sites. PAPs were informed about conditions at the new sites and have chosen to what site they want to relocate. All PAPs can apply for replacement agriculture and pasture land. All PAPs have been allocated a house plot. The areas identified as new sites are: Rogun, Tursunzade City, Rudaki District, Nurobod District and Dangara District of Khatlon Region. Two sites for creating new villages were chosen recently by PAPs themselves, namely, Novi Saidon and Yoligarmova, both in Rogun District not far from the dam site, and are being developed presently. Resettlement done and under way is being analysed in a Resettlement Audit in order to identify any need for improving the process and for bringing past resettlement up to OP 4.12 standards. The RA will also apply to Stage 2 HH that have already been resettled. Early findings showed that certain elements of ongoing resettlement need improvement including: (i) the need for updating compensation amounts according to replacement cost and accounting for inflation - given the long time since the census was done, (ii) special support to be offered to vulnerable groups for construction of new houses, transport and livelihood restoration, (iii) providing sufficient transport capacity for the transfer of all movable assets (including livestock), to the new sites, and (iv) creating a structure on the ground which improves public participation. The Resettlement Unit has begun integrating changes based on these recommendations into its daily practices. Resettlement Policy Framework An RPF was prepared in parallel to this RAP, based on the relevant national legislation, and mainly the national resettlement Policy, and the World Bank’s Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). The RPF will be applied to Stage 2 resettlement. The RPF is a separate document. 1 Data collected from the RU, the census 2011 and the HLA census/survey 2014. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page E Consultation and Participation Consultations were conducted with PAPs, Local Administrators, host communities and other stakeholders during the preparation of the RAP. These consultations should be seen as a continuous process. Consultations were at various levels with different actors and took the form of:  Socio-economic HH surveys.  Targeted consultation meetings with Jamoats in both relocation sites and affected sites.  Focus Group Discussions with PAPs and Host Communities.  Meetings with individuals, the RU and local administration (Jamoats) and other actors. The draft RAP was subjected to local consultations on September 2014 (see Section 5 for details). Land Acquisition / Resettlement Mechanisms The Stage 1 villages RAP focuses on land acquisition and resettlement mechanisms and socio-economic livelihood restoration initiatives based on the Tajikistan laws: Land Code, Rogun Resettlement Resolution No. 47 and the National Resettlement Policy, Resolution No. 467, the Constitution of Tajikistan and the Civil Code, and the World Bank’s OP 4.12. The present RAP deals only with Stage 1. A Stage 2 RAP (or RAPs), consistent with the RPF, will be prepared and implemented later on. Given the special situation of the Stage 1 villages (resettlement activities started again under the new organisation a few years ago; ongoing maintenance work at the construction site continuing to present risks for people living there; many inhabitants of Stage 1 villages had already started building their houses in the new sites) it was decided not to interrupt the resettlement process for these villages. This led to the situation that resettlement is ongoing, and was continuing throughout the preparation of the RAP. For this reason, developments on the ground may have progressed as of the date of publication of this RAP. Entitlements The PAPs are entitled to various kinds of compensation and resettlement assistance. Compensation has been worked out based on replacement costs for structures (mainly houses), crops, trees and incomes. Each family receives a house plot. All PAPs are entitled to receive agricultural land or pasture land if they wish to continue or to newly engage in such activities. In addition, a site-level Livelihood Restoration Plan has been prepared and individual assistance plans will be designed and implemented to support the restoration of PAPs’ livelihoods. Entitlements are described in the Entitlement Matrix provided in Chapter 6. Resettlement Budget including Compensation Costs The following Table shows the estimated budget for compensation and resettlement that will be required in order to comply with the World Bank’s Policy on Involuntary OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page F Resettlement. The budget includes all households in Stage 1, including those that have already moved. Table 0-2: Budget for Stage 1 resettlement No. Item Unit N USD/HH USD 1 HH compensation package HH 289 22'541 6'514'349 2 Village infrastructure HH 289 15'413 4'454'357 3 Alternative livelihood development HH 289 1'000 289'000 4 Relocation of burial sites graves 230 185 42'550 5 Witness NGO and legal counsel year 2 8'000 16'000 6 RU staffing person-month 120 500 60'000 7 RU training lumpsum 50000 8 Monitoring year 2 15'000 30'000 9 Total 11'456'256 10 Contingencies 10% 11'456'26 11 Total Stage 1 resettlement costs 12'601'882 The budget may be adjusted as necessary (such as on the basis of findings from monitoring and changes in costs) to ensure that the objectives of the RAP are met. This budget should also include the cost for implementing the recommendations provided in the Intermediate HLA, which will be evaluated by the Project following the indication and the timeline provided in the HLA. Grievance Procedure A grievance procedure is detailed in Chapter 6. A three-step process will be put in place to address complaints from PAPs. Outreach activities to ensure awareness of the grievance mechanism will be undertaken and various means will be employed to ensure that PAPs can make complaints or enquiries. The RU will keep track of all grievances. Monitoring and Reporting Two types of monitoring have to be done, namely, a progress monitoring (to be done by RU itself, internal monitoring) with possible checks by the POE, and an outcome monitoring, which will evaluate the results of the resettlement. The monitoring process will be documented with regular reports. A resettlement completion report will be prepared after Stage 1 resettlement is complete, and periodic monitoring will be undertaken until livelihood restoration is achieved. In preparation for the implementation of this RAP, a PLA and Intermediate HLA have been carried out to identify gaps in compensation (between compensation provided in the World Bank’s OP 4.12) for all PAPs who were resettled and/or received compensation prior to this RAP coming into force. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page G Stage 1 Resettlement: Situation in Mid-2013 Resettlement for Stage 1 is an ongoing process. Since 2011, when the major part of field work for this RAP was done, considerable progress has been made. The most important developments are:  At the request of the concerned PAPs, one resettlement site, Chormagzak (previously identified and chosen by them) was abandoned, and an alternative site, Yoligarmova, was identified; planning for this site is under way, and construction of the access road has started.  A new site, Novi Saidon, was identified as well in proximity but outside of the construction site for one Stage 1 village (and, in a later phase, a Stage 2 village nearby); there, work for infrastructure construction has started and is in an advanced stage with respect to, for example household plot delimitation, streets, and electricity supply.  Construction activities in all resettlement sites are ongoing. Schools are being built, and other basic infrastructure (health services, drinking water and electricity) is in place.  PAPs are in the process of building their new houses, and some have already moved into their new houses (see Table 0-1). As mentioned above, work in all these sites is ongoing and development is rather fast. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition and Objectives The present document is the Resettlement Action Plan for Stage 1 of Rogun HPP (here usually addressed as Stage 1 RAP). Stage 1 resettlement is defined as:  Relocation of 7 villages as follows: o 6 villages (Kishrog, Mirog, Tagi Agba, Talkhakchashma, Tagi Kamar, and Sech) which are located in the so-called "risk zone", i.e. within the construction site of Rogun dam, two of them (Kishrog and Mirog) downstream of the dam, the remaining 4 upstream of it, and o 1 village (Chorsada), located 12 km upstream of the dam, outside the construction area, but at an elevation of 1100 m asl, and which therefore is the only village in the project area which would be submerged in the first stage of reservoir filling, when the reservoir would reach a level of 1100 m asl.  These 7 villages have a population of 2048 persons in 289 households (status as of April 2014). This definition of Stage 1 resettlement applies throughout the entire report. Stage 1 resettlement is ongoing. As per an agreement with the World Bank, the resettlement is to take place in accordance with Tajik national law and international good practice. The application of this RAP would ensure that the resettlement is in accordance with the World Bank’s policy on Involuntary Resettlement. Separately, a Resettlement Audit will inform retroactive measures that would be required to bring the ongoing resettlement into compliance with the essential principles of OP 4.12. Preparation of this RAP includes, among others:  Identification of the different categories of PAP and the compensation entitled to them including livelihood restoration activities chosen by PAPs.  Identification of the social, cultural, economic and environmental status of the affected villages.  Assessment of the existing communication channels between the official authorities and the local population, inclusive of grievance channels and propose improvement, should this be required.  Identification of institutional set up and alteration of existing one should this be necessary.  Identification of monitoring and evaluation to be carried out and the actors responsible, including reporting. The RAP has been written following the World Bank’s OP 4.12 and the main headings proposed by WB in the TOR for Rogun HPP ESIA for involuntary resettlement. Chapter 11 has been included to pinpoint the special case of Rogun as this RAP is prepared while resettlement was ongoing. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 2 1.2 The Special Case of Rogun HPP Resettlement A Social Impact Assessment and a RAP are usually prepared during feasibility and detailed design study phases for a project, i.e. ahead of any activities related to project implementation. However, the case of Rogun HPP is different for the following reasons:  The project was planned in the 1970s, and construction started in the 1980s.  In the 1980’s a ban was placed on construction of new structures and/or rehabilitation of existing structures (including houses) in the entire project area (construction area and reservoir). Although no formal cutoff date is documented, this ban appears to have served the same purpose. It is still in effect.  The ban on housing construction and rehabilitation has led to the deterioration of homes and, in part, the existence of multi-family households as new families have been unable to establish separate homes.  At the same time, resettlement activities started, a number of people were relocated.  When Tajikistan gained its independence in 1991, the entire process came to a halt.  In recent years, efforts were undertaken to resume the work for building Rogun dam, and in 2009 resettlement started again. In early 2011, a special unit, the Directorate of the Flooding Zone of Rogun HPP (here called Resettlement Unit, RU), was founded and is now in charge of resettlement.  The process of resettlement is ongoing, and some considerable work was done already before the start of the present technical, environmental and social assessment studies. When the World Bank decided to finance the assessment studies now under way (Technical and Economic Assessment Study, TEAS, and Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, ESIA; the two studies being done in parallel, but by different teams), it was also decided to prepare a RAP for Stage 1 (present document) and an RPF and a baseline study for the Stage 2 resettlement (see below for definition of stages). The main aim of the RAP is to specify the entitlements, compensation and other assistance that should be provided to PAPs in order for the resettlement to meet WB standards. The RAP will be implemented once it is adopted by the Government of Tajikistan. 1.3 Resettlement in Stages A Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) will be the basis for the preparation of RAPs for the resettlement of Stage 2. Stage 2 consists of the villages in the reservoir area not covered in Stage 1: 70 villages with approximately 5'800 HH and 40'000 persons will have to be relocated for a 335m high dam. Since overall construction time of Rogun HPP will last up to 16 years, and the reservoir will be filled gradually over this period, resettlement will have to be carried out accordingly. For this reason, there will not be one RAP for Stage 2, but rather an ongoing planning and implementation process in line with progress in construction of the dam which may result in multiple RAPs. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 3 1.4 Special Situation for RAP Preparation The original schedule for the ESIA study, including RAP preparation, was for a period of 14 months, starting in March 2011, with the aim of finalising the reports in May 2012. Consequently, field work for the studies, and namely the socio-economic survey and the census for this RAP, was mostly carried out in summer 2011. For a number of reasons, manly the complexity of the technical assessment to be carried out in parallel to the ESIA, the finalisation of the study was delayed. In early 2013 it was then decided that the RAP should be updated to some degree for reflecting the situation at that time, without however repeating the work already done. For this reason, additional information, gained from additional site visits and the PLA (finalized August 2014) and the HLA (December 2014), as well as based on updated information received from the authority in charge of resettlement, was added to reflect the situation in December 2014. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 4 2 THE PROJECT 2.1 Project Site The Rogun dam site is located in the Vakhsh river valley, about 110 km east of Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. The dam site is about 70 km upstream of the Nurek Dam and is located in the Rasht region which has seven districts: Fayzabad, Rogun, Rasht, Tavildara, Tojikobod and Jirgital. The Construction site and the future reservoir will directly affect Rogun, Nurobod, and Rasht Districts. Figure 2-1: Outline of Rogun reservoir with affected districts 2.2 Delimitation of Stage 1 Project Area The Stage 1 area covers six villages in the districts of Rogun and a village in Nurobod. Stage 1 of the project encompasses the reservoir area with a full supply level (FSL) of 1110 m asl. It also includes the area within the construction site, which also takes in villages in the risk zone of the construction site which are either downstream of the dam or in the environs. This area is below the FSL of the dam of 1290 m asl at a later stage (2). A map showing the extent of Stage 1 and the villages involved is shown below. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 5 E 7 C 6 D A 5 F 4 3 B 2 1 Figure 2-2: Location of Stage 1 vilages Legend: Map elements: Villages: A. Rogun town 1. Kishrog B. Rogun HPP dam 2. Mirog C. Reservoir Stage 2 FSL (1290 m asl) 3. Tagi Agba D. Reservoir Stage 1 FSL (1110 m asl) 4. Talkhakchashma E. Replacement road on right bank 5. Tagi Kamar F. New road on left bank 6. Sech 7. Chorsada OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 6 2.2.1 Topography and Land Use The topography of the wider Stage 1 area is characterised by surrounding mountain ranges on both sides of the valley exhibiting steep slopes. The terraces on the left river bank are divided into isolated sections by deep canyons cutting off connections to neighbouring villages e.g. Talkhakchashma, Sech, Tagi Kamar and Tagi Agba. Land use is mainly pasture, with some agriculture characterised by low level technology and production relying on manual labour. All households have gardens in their house plots for cultivation of food crops for consumption. Mulberry and other fruit trees that make up orchards are planted mainly within the house plots, to a smaller extent on rented lands or dekhan farms. The pasture land on the right bank of the Vakhsh is used mainly during spring and summer. Land on the left bank is used for winter pasture land and contains plenty of rock debris. Rain-fed cultivation is mainly for fodder with meadows here and there, and pastureland. Most of the villages have irrigated land for cultivation (Tagi-Agba, Talkhakchashma, Tagi Kamar and Chorsada). Around the reservoir there is a mixed agricultural economy. 2.2.2 Climatic Conditions Precipitation in the area covering Stage 1 villages ranges from 200-400 mm/year. The climate of the region is extremely continental. The mean annual air temperature varies from 11.2° to 9.9°С. The warmest months are July and August with a mean temperature of 23° С and absolute maximum up to 39°- 40° С. The winter temperature does not commonly exceed -10°С although occasionally it falls to an absolute minimum of around -30° C. The first frosts fall at the end of October or beginning of November, the last ones in April. The frost period lasts 139-149 days on average. Annual precipitation in the mountainous areas around the Rogun HEP dam site averages 816-936 mm. About 60% of annual precipitation falls in February-March with the maximum in March. Snow cover is stabilised from the second decade of December and holds up to the end of March. The mean depth of the snow cover varies from 40 – 60 сm and reaches a maximum of 90 – 114 сm. 2.2.3 Reservoir Area and Risk Zone Within the Stage 1 reservoir area there is only one village, Chorsada, which is located at an altitude of about 1100 m asl. Two villages, Kishrog and Mirog, lie in the risk zone area of the construction site downstream of the dam at an altitude of 1150 m asl. The rest of the villages in the risk zone that are affected directly lie within the construction site, upstream of the dam. They include the villages of Tagi Agba, Talkhakchashma, Sech, and Tagi Kamar, lying between altitudes 1150 and 1240 m asl. A total of seven villages make up Stage 1, however these are often counted as six since Kishrog and Mirog have been taken as one village due to their proximity to one another (less than 800 m) and the small number of HHs in Mirog (6). OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 7 3 AFFECTED POPULATION 3.1 Introduction This Chapter provides information on the population of the Stage 1 villages and describes their socio-economic situation, including access to basic services etc. In this Stage 1 resettlement, all the villages have to be moved, and all PAPs have to be physically relocated. Usually, the impact assessment for the RAP, i.e. the socio-economic baseline and survey, would be part of the ESIA and not be included in the RAP. However, since in this case the RAP was prepared considerably ahead of the ESIA, there was no possibility to do it that way. For this reason, this information was included in the RAP, and it is left here. 3.2 Approach 3.2.1 Villages Covered The affected villages that need relocation in the first stage of impounding of the Rogun reservoir are the ones listed in the following Table. In Stage 1 the full supply level (FSL) will be at 1110 m asl. Table 3-1: Stage 1 resettlement status of HH relocation as of December 7 , 2014 No. of families No. of allocate land Process of house construction and relocation (No. Village No.of HH. families plots of families) not started yet under way completed Kishrog and Mirog 38 62 62 53 1 8 Tagi Agba 6 18 18 6 12 0 Talkhachashma 53 98 98 39 51 8 Tagi Kamar 39 78 78 14 62 2 Sech 6 11 11 0 5 6 Chorsada 147 260 260 58 37 165 Total stage 1 289 527 527 170 168 189 Source: RU, 2014 OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 8 The location of these villages, along with a number of other map elements of relevance, is shown in Figure 2-2. Inevitably, when following a population over some period of time, there are always some changes in recorded numbers. The most recent are the ones provided by RU and shown in the Table above, reflecting the situation as of December, 2014. However, during the census carried out in summer and autumn 2011, 288 HH were registered and covered in the survey. The description of the socio-economic situation in the project area provided in the following sections is based on data obtained from 288 HH in 2011 and where relevant from 140 HH covered in the December 2014 HLA survey The Table above shows two aspects that are of relevance for the RAP as well as for the resettlement process as such, namely: 1. A majority of HH consists of more than one family; this is usually the case when married sons or daughters with their children continue to live in the house of their parents. In the project area, this is probably more often the case than elsewhere, since there has been a ban on construction of new houses in the area for many years, in view of the fact that Rogun HPP will be implemented. (See Section 1.2) 2. Stage 1 resettlement is an ongoing process. As the Table shows, all families in the affected villages have been allocated house plots; it is important to note that such plots of land are allocated to families and not to the original HHs, giving all of the families the opportunity to have their own land and build their own houses (although entitlements for house construction are not provided in these cases). The provision of a house plot for each family has been made in light of the long- standing ban on construction of houses. Families are defined as a married couple and their children. General For every village and household, the socio-economic status was studied in 2011 with regard to specific activities that would require resettlement or compensation. The following issues with regard to villages and households to be relocated or compensated were addressed:  Population, number of persons;  Housing infrastructure;  Land use and agriculture;  Household assets, economic activities and incomes;  Gender issues (heads of households, especially female-headed) and vulnerable groups. The results of the data collection efforts collectively amount to a "census" as defined in OP 4.12, These data form the basis on which compensation and entitlement strategies are prepared in this RAP. Additional data was collected in December 2014 as part of the preparation of the Intermediate HLA. The following issues in regard to HH were addressed: OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 9 1. HH overview and modification; 2. Land and agriculture; 3. HH compensation package; 4. Transportation; 5. HH income and project impact; 6. Resettlement site and relocation status; 7. Engagement. The HLA data has been used in the RAP, when relevant, to update the socio-economic characteristics of the HH affected by Stage 1 resettlement and to design a set of recommendations which will facilitate the finalisation of the resettlement activities in a way consistent with national regulation and World Bank OP 4.12. 3.2.2 Questionnaires and Field Work, Census 2011 A HH questionnaire was designed and used to survey the villages in Stage 1 in order to get some socio-economic information. Focus group discussions (FGD), based on prepared questions, were also held with each village, dividing participants into youth, women and men groups. Where villages had a small population, the FGDs were held together, e.g. Kishrog and Mirog. The FGDs were then turned into consultative meetings. This work was carried out in September and October 2011. Earlier in the year, around June 2011 sample surveys were carried out, both HH and FGD to have an indication of the extent of HHs and villages that would be affected, and to solicit information from the people and local administration about their opinions on the Rogun HPP and its affect. The sample was 17% of the total number of HHs. Detailed profiles of the villages were conducted with the aim of gathering information for this RAP. The methodology used included the use of FGD (Public Consultation) and the HH questionnaire, shown in Annex 3. A HH census was carried out covering 100% of the Stage 1 HH. It included asset recording in all affected villages by counting tree crops and also assessing the situation by visual observation. The size of HH plots and other lands used for cultivation was also noted. The detailed surveys carried out in September and October 2011 had the following objectives:  To obtain feedback from the affected population about the Project;  To undertake a HH census and inventory, including assets (e.g. crops and trees), identifying vulnerable individuals or groups, and recording the baseline situation of all affected people;  To establish a social profile of the affected population. Given the fact that the census was completed more than a year before the RAP was finalised it was updated in December 2014. The census found that only 2 HH had not started the relocation process and have not received any payment of the expected compensation. (See Annex 1, Intermediate HLA Census and Survey socio-economic and demographic data analysis.) OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 10 3.2.3 Questionnaire and Field Work, Intermediate HLA Survey 2014 In the framework of the Intermediate HLA a semi-structured questionnaire was designed to determine any specific issues, compensation gaps or problems typically experienced by those affected and to understand any differences or similarities between households that are either in the process of relocation or have already completed the resettlement process. The questionnaire/survey involved a sample representing 41% of the total number of HHs. 3.3 Socio-Economic Situation of the Affected Population 3.3.1 Villages A total of seven villages have been covered by the surveys, the villages lie at an elevation of 1110 m asl or slightly above. One village, Chorsada, will be submerged during the first phase of reservoir filling. Two others, Mirog and Kishrog, are downstream of the dam, but need to be relocated since they are located within the construction site, close to the quarry. As these villages are rather small and located closely together, they are often treated as one village. The other four villages will only be submerged in Stage 2, but since they are also located within the construction site, they are termed to be in a risk zone. The villages are concentrated in the districts of Rogun, Sicharog Jamoat with Chorsada being the only village in Nurobod District, Hakimi Jamoat at this stage. All villages were visited and the affected population’s statuses are indicated in the following sections. 3.3.1.1 Village Size Village size varies with smallest villages being Mirog and Sech having 6 and 7 households, respectively. That is why Mirog was twinned with Kishrog counting them as one village, also due to their close proximity. Tagi Agba can also be classified as a small village with only 7 HHs but it is situated at a distance from the other villages and connected to them by paths and small bridges. Tagi Kamar boosts of 36 HHs while Talkhakchashma has 47. Chorsada which lies at the lowest level (1100 m asl) has 155 HHs, making it the largest village in Stage 1. 3.3.1.2 Place of Permanent Residence The results of the census showed that 93% of the residents in the surveyed villages are natives of the villages. However, 21% of women moved to the present villages due to the fact that they married men from these villages. Table 3-2: Place of birth of HH members Place of birth Gender In average (%) Men Women Native 85.9 93.0 78.8 From another village of this rayon 7.0 1.8 12.2 From another region of Tajikistan 7.1 5.2 9.0 Total 100 100 100 OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 11 3.3.2 HH Structure In the villages surveyed, a total of 289 households were recorded in 2014 and the demographic indicators show that the population is mainly Tajik. The average size of HH is 7.2 persons, with the largest share made up of 6-7 people and quite a number of HHs has 8-9 people. 1% 1% 20% 1 to 2 3 to 4 78% 5 to 6 9 to 10 Figure 3-1: Distribution of HH size The composition of the HH by gender and age indicated that children under the age of 14 make up the largest proportion, followed by the youth (ages 15-30). On average 56% of the working age population are in the HH. Men account for 50.4% and women make up 49.6% of the HH population. On average, around 3 families including the HH head live in the same HH. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 12 HH structure by gender and age Структура ДХ по полу и возрасту 45 40 35 30 25 Men/Мужчина [%] 20 Women/Женщин 15 а 10 5 0 <14 15-30 31-50 51-60 > 60 Age /Возраст Figure 3-2: Frequency distribution of HH family composition by gender and age The marital status of HH members was also analysed and the study showed that of the total number of adult population, over 17 years old, 21.5% were not married, 71.8% were married, 2.6% were divorced and 4.1% were widows and widowers. In terms of gender the number of divorced women (4.2%) and widowed women (7%) is slightly higher than the number of divorced and widowed men (0.9% and 1.3%, respectively). Table 3-3: Marital status of HH member in affected villages, Stage 1 Family composition % of total Gender Men Women Single 21.5 25.0 18.0 Married 71.8 72.9 70.7 Divorced 2.6 0.9 4.2 Widow/widowers 4.1 1.3 7.0 Total 100 100 100 3.3.3 Housing House types were recorded during the survey and HH heads asked how they came in possession of their houses. 86% of HH heads were found to have inherited their farmlands from their parents, 33% indicated they had inherited a house with gardens, while more than 63% responded that they had built their own houses, 2.4% had bought their houses and only 1.3% were given their houses by the employer (collective and state farms during the Soviet period). Of the total number of houses recorded, 74% are permanent and 26% are semi-permanent. By roof type, 50% have roofs covered with OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 13 asbestos slates, 45% have iron sheet roofs and 5% have roofs covered with clay and straw. In the surveyed villages 93% of households have clay floors (55.2%) or the floor foundation is made of clay and the top is covered with cement (37.8%) and only 7% have wooden floors. On the one hand, a clay floor indicates a relatively low standard of living and on the other hand, the high transportation costs to transport wooden material for floors. More than 89% of households have glazed wooden windows and only 10% have semi-permanent windows. Only 1% of households have modern plastic windows. In rural Tajikistan, especially in mountainous areas walls of houses are mainly built with clay. This is primarily related to cost effectiveness and availability of clay nearby, another reason is because clay walls are easier to heat and during the summer period clay walls keep the house cool. The survey revealed that of the total HHs 89% HH heads reported that their house walls were made of clay; only 10% of the more affluent HHs reported that their houses are built with bricks and stones. One of the most important factors is the improvement of housing. The study results showed that on average there are three living rooms per household and if one considers that every HH consists of three families then there is one room per family. Table 3-4: Number of living rooms and bedrooms per HH Number of rooms Number of HHs Percentage 1 20 6.9 2 80 27.8 3 112 38.9 4 43 14.9 5 20 7.0 6 and more 13 4.5 Total 288 100 The number of living rooms and bedrooms is the same as the concept of bedrooms in majority of rural HH in Tajikistan is different from the western concept. In rural HHs where the number of people is relatively high, all rooms could be used as bedrooms. It was found that on average more than two family members live in the same room. 3.3.4 HH Economy 3.3.4.1 Employment The level of employment of the population is relatively low, with most of the women taking on household chores and working in the fields (agriculture), while men, especially the young, travel to Russia to earn an income. It is worth noting that in the project area young girls who have dropped out of school and married young also contribute to ensuring that their HHs have enough food, since they practice in agriculture and livestock breeding like their mothers, again due to little education. 27% of the men from the affected villages are employed at the Rogun HPP as truck drivers, construction workers, guards, etc. Most of the HH income comes from migrant workers (18%) and those employed at the Rogun HPP (39%). A large proportion of income also comes from selling farm products (23% from dekhan farms, 8% from house plots); this OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 14 is done mostly by women. A few HHs have members who are employed in the public sector as teachers, nurses and civil servants at the local administrations (counting for 2% of HH income; see Figure 3-4). There is a large number of male youths who are unemployed. The youth want to be more engaged but their level of education is also wanting, so they have requested that some training courses be started in their new areas of settlement. Those who do get employment work as migrant workers in Russia and other states. The level of unemployment remains high in the project area. The level of employment of the population has been assessed with the gender aspect in mind. Most of the male population (27%) is employed at the construction site of Rogun HP Station and 24% were found to be migrant workers in the Russian Federation. Over 73% of women are housewives and work mainly in the household family gardens and orchards. The women cultivate and dry fruits (mulberries, apples, berries) and make jam and mulberry sorbet, which is in good demand at the market. 18.4% of men were found to be unemployed and 10.5% of women are unemployed. 2.6% of the adult population is employed in public institutions as teachers, Hukumat employees, doctors, etc. Table 3-5: Employment rate of adult population Employment On average in % Gender Men Women Farmer 1.0 1.6 0.4 Student 2.6 4.9 0.2 In service 3.2 5.5 0.9 Entrepreneur 2.4 4.6 0.2 Labor migration 12.6 24.4 0.7 Retired 11.0 10.9 11.0 Home-maker 37.6 2.4 73.3 Worker (Rogun HPP) 14.4 27.0 1.7 Unemployed 14.5 18.4 10.5 Other 0.7 0.4 1.1 Total 100 100 100 It was found that prior to the construction of Rogun HP station, most of the villagers from Kishrog, Mirog, Sech, Talkhakchashma, Tagi Agba and Tagi Kamar were engaged in agriculture and labour migration. At present, most of the male population from these villages is engaged in the construction of Rogun HP station in jobs as plumbers, electricians, mechanics, drivers of heavy trucks and bulldozers, rock climbers, and labourers. In contrast, in Chorsada village in Jamoat Hakimi, the male population is employed as migrant workers in the Russian Federation. Few people from this village work at Rogun HP station. Survey results show that more than 50% of HHs located near the construction site of Rogun HP noted that their primary source of income was from employment at the construction site. On relocation, some fear that they might lose this source of income and therefore the necessity for them to find a new place of work with equal income value or they could arrange to work in shifts at Rogun HP. For those employees working in public institutions in the education, health care and management sectors, it will be crucial for them to find the same job as well. The Resettlement Audit will OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 15 provide an indication of the number of PAPs who have found or retained a source of income in the resettled sites. 3.3.4.2 Agriculture and Livestock Types of Land Use All land in Tajikistan is owned by the State. Legal entities and natural persons have the right to use a land plot for perpetual, fixed term, or life-long inheritable use. They can also lease out land or mortgage the land. The state collects taxes and a rental fee. The State can withdraw land in a number of cases including use of the land contrary to its specified purpose, expiration of the term for which the land was allocated, and for state and public need. The agriculture practised is of low level of technology, inputs and seeds and most of it relies on manual labour. Land use in the project area can be seen as comprising:  Land for use by an individual, which was formerly state farm land that has been privatised and is now farmed by individuals. This land is now divided into arable land, orchards and hay land.  Rented land, which is rented from state farms or farmers by individuals and is split into arable land, orchards and hay land.  House plots, which is land allocated each HH and used to be private during the soviet era.  Presidential land, which is usually small made up of plots of land that is distributed by presidential decree to members of the population who have smaller kitchen gardens than the national minimum (0.01 hectares). This is land allocated to an individual.  Common hay land, which is used for hay and is for all.  Pasture land, which falls under other land and is normally in the mountains and some of which of late has been ploughed and is used by individuals for cultivation. In general, the PAPs can be classified as poor people. Subsistence farming, done on the house plot and/or on additional agricultural land, is important for food security. This is emphasised by the fact that the major part (80-90%) of the production is for auto- consumption, and only a rather small part it sold. House Gardens For most of the families, the garden on the house plot is the most important form of land use. Most of what is grown is consumed within the HH and only where there is surplus will it be sold at the markets. The agricultural products grown in the family gardens are mostly vegetables, e.g. onions, cabbage, tomatoes, potatoes, cucumbers, among others. Fruit trees are also a common produce in the project area, with the most widely planted being the mulberry tree, especially in Chorsada village. Most of the mulberries are dried and used to make jam in the HHs. During the Soviet era, mulberry was a major export to other Soviet states. Other fruit trees making up orchards include apple, nuts, pear, cheery and apricot trees. Trees for construction work (timber) are also grown. The land use in the two districts of the project area is shown in the following Table. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 16 Table 3-6: Structure of use of HH plots Rogun Nurabad Hectares % Hectares % Total 798 100 2410 100 Irrigated land 269 33.7 864 35.8 Sown area 212 26.6 793 32.9 Fruit trees 460 57.6 1128 46.8 Houses and other land 126 15.8 489 20.3 Source: State Committee on Land construction and geodesy of the RT Farmland Size and Landholding Farmland in rural areas is mostly used for agricultural production. In Tajikistan buying and selling of land is prohibited by law; but family gardens beside the built house, can be sold. Of the number of respondents, 86% indicated that they have land use right to farmland inherited from their parents, 3.5% bought land use rights and more than 10% rented land or received land from the state. The Stage 1 villages also have dekhan farms, which means they have been applied for from the local administration (Hukumats) and local land committees. Table 3-7 shows the extent of land tenure in the project area for Stage 1 villages that does not include family gardens. Survey results show that the average size of an individual plot on dekhan land is 0.27 hectares per HH. If one considers that on average three families live in the same HH, then on average there is 0.09 hectares of land per family. Table 3-7: Average size of dekhan HH plots Average size of individual dekhan Number of % plots of land Average size households (hectares) Up to 0.1 0.08 71 24.7 0.11 - 0.15 0.14 73 25.3 0.16 – 0.20 0.19 50 17.4 0.21 – 0.30 0.28 32 11.1 Over 0.30 0.72 62 21.5 Average 0.27 288 100.0 From the survey results, it can be concluded that as a result of relocation, 67% of families will improve the size of their plots, 11.1% will have the same size of HH plot as at present while 21.5% of HHs will lose part of the size of their present plots. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 17 Agricultural land includes family gardens (HH plots) and in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Tajikistan the following lands can also be used:  Dekhan farms: The main legal document that certifies the right of the farmer to use land in the Republic of Tajikistan is a “certificate”, and for their members a warrant certificate (“Shahodatnoma”).  Leased farms: Organisations that provide leased lands are collective dekhan households (CDHS), the Association of farmer households (ADH) and individual dekhan farms. The basic document between tenants and organisations that provides land for lease is the Lease Agreement.  Presidential lands: In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, in 1995-1997 75’000 hectares of land was distributed to the population for the production of food crops and food security in agriculture. According to the decree, the average size of plots of land in irrigated land was set at 0.15 hectares and for rain-fed land it is 0.30 hectares. Under the dekhan farms, the land remains state property (cannot be sold), however, farmers are granted inheritable land use rights that give legal freedom to manage the land as landholders wish. The state collects taxes and can repossess the land if it believes the land is not being managed properly. The three types of dekhan land are: (i) individual (land use certificate is held by the individual), (ii) family (certificate is held jointly) and (iii) collective (certificate details common property shareholders). Results from the HH census show that of the total respondents 38% (111 HHs) reported that they had land besides their household plots. In Kishrog village 16% of HHs, Sech 17%, Talkhakchashma 33%, Tagi Kamar 44% and in Chorsada village 47%. The village of Mirog did not have any additional land for agricultural production except the usual family gardens (HH plots). Table 3-8: Types of land used for agricultural production besides HH plots (%) Villages Types of land Average Talkhak- Tagi Tagi Kishrog Mirog Sech Chorsada Chashma Agba Kamar Dekhan farms 57.0 20 44.4 75 81.2 58.2 Presidential 24.3 16.7 6.3 34.3 lands Leased land 13.0 40 100 22.2 12.5 7.5 Pastures 5.7 40 16.7 25 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 The majority of people with additional land besides the HH plot have dekhan farms (57%), while those with presidential land account for 24.3% of HHs and 13% have leased land to augment their agricultural production. 5.7% of HHs have pastures. It was noted that most of dekhan lands (58.2%) and leased lands (34.3%) are owned by residents of Chorsada village, the largest village in Stage 1. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 18 Table 3-9: Average size of agricultural production besides HH plots Average Villages size of Range land per % Talkhak- Tagi Tagi (hectares) Kishrog Sech Chorsada household Chashma Agba Kamar ha 0.1-0.5 0.21 46.8 20 11.1 25 50 59.7 0.51-0.99 0.61 21.6 20 33.3 50 18.7 17.9 1.0-1.5 1.50 18.9 60 100 27.8 25 25 10.4 1.6-2.0 1.94 8.1 27.8 6.0 2.1-4.0 3.25 1.9 3.0 Over 4 10.0 2.7 6.3 3.0 Total 0.90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Apart from the HH plots, the average size of agricultural land that HHs have is 0.9 hectares. Survey results shown in Table 3-12 show that 46.8% of HHs have additional agricultural land measuring an average of 0.21 hectares while 21.6% HHs have 0.61 hectares. The proportion of HHs with more than 1 hectare is 32%. Size of HH dekhan plots [%] Размер дехканской участки земли 22% 25% 11% 25% 17% < 0.1 ha/га 0.11-0.15 ha/га 0.16 – 0.20 ha/га 0.21 – 0.30 ha/га > 0.30 ha/га Figure 3-3: Distribution of size of dekhan plots Agricultural Production The main crops cultivated by the majority of HHs are potatoes (88.2%), tomatoes (60.8%), followed by other vegetables (46.5%) and quite a number of HHs have also planted mulberry trees (46%), while 25% have grown nuts. Wheat is only produced by 12.5% of the HHs. The bulk of the crops grown are used for HH consumption. Quite a large amount of fodder is produced by HHs per year, with average production found to be 2’425 kg per year. This implies that livestock and poultry are important to the HHs. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 19 Climatic conditions in the studied villages are favourable for horticulture. Gardening is a major source of income for many HHs. Apart from fruit trees, many HHs are engaged in the cultivation of trees, whose timber is used for house construction. Table 3-10: Cultivation of fruit and other types of trees per HH Type of tree No. per HH Including (N = 288) HH plots land outside of HH plots Apple 16 12 4 Mulberry 23 17 6 Nuts 6 5 1 Pears 3 2 1 Timber trees 21 15 6 Other fruit trees 2.4 1.4 1 The most common fruit tree cultivated by HHs is the mulberry tree (23), followed by apples (16) and cultivation of trees for house construction (21). Growing of cheery trees and nuts also plays a significant role in HH economy. Fishing and gathering of wild plants are also carried out by the population in the villages surveyed. However not many HHs engage in these activities. Results showed that only 9% of respondents were engaged in fishing and slightly more than 4% collected wild plants. Fishing is done in the rivers near the villages, while gathering of wild plants occurs in the mountains around the villages. Around 65% of fish caught and 50% of gathered plants are used for personal consumption in the HHs. Livestock Livestock breeding is widespread and land for pasture is shared by community members. Livestock includes cows, goats, sheep and poultry. Other animals (beasts of burden) like horses and donkeys are also kept for transportation of goods. Livestock may also be used for barter for household goods and food should these be lacking, but they are only bartered as a last resort to cater for cash for medical treatment and education for children. Livestock therefore are for security. Grazing has caused a lot of overgrazing around the settlements and since most of the common lands for pasture are no longer managed there is increased erosion on the hillside due to cultivation and land for pasture has decreased in size. Livestock and poultry also contribute to the HHs’ food security. 90% of respondents reported that they have livestock and poultry. Cattle are by far the most kept livestock (93% of HH), followed by goats, (63.5%) while poultry (chickens and turkeys) were kept by 71.5% of the HHs. Other animals that would be used for transportation and carrying loads are also kept, these are horses and donkeys, owned by 16.5% of HHs. Coping Strategies HHs were also asked how they manage in case of food shortage. The main survival strategies used by HHs were found to be the following: borrow food or take a loan (59.4% of respondents), sale of livestock (25.3%) and reducing food consumption OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 20 (12.8%). It is evident that borrowing food or loan taking is a common practice in order to survive, but it also puts the HH in further debt, where money is concerned. Borrowed food will have to be repaid with the harvest for the following season. Most of the agricultural foods grown were also found to be mostly consumed by the HHs, very little was found to be sold unless there had been a bumper harvest. 3.3.4.3 HH Income and Expenditures The main sources of HH income from the Stage 1 villages are from products produced in the villagers’ backyards, wages and remittances received by labour migrants. At present, approximately two members of each HH generate an income. As agriculture is the mainstay of most HHs, the structure of income from agricultural products varied greatly with most income being generated from selling fruits. This also implies that HHs have invested a lot in planting fruit trees. The main products bringing in income are potatoes (24.6%), fruits (23.6%), mulberries (17%) and nuts (10.6%). In general, income from production of agricultural products on farmland including dekhan farms accounts for 31.3% of HH income (see Figure 3-4). Table 3-11: Average monthly income of HHs from dekhan farms (TJS) Types of agricultural Average monthly income per In % products HH in TJS (N=288) Potatoes 80.0 24.6 Tomatoes 18.4 5.7 Vegetables 26.5 8.2 Onions 4.2 1.3 Fruits 76.5 23.6 Nuts 34.6 10.6 Mulberry 55.1 17.0 Wheat 21.7 6.6 Fodder 7.7 2.4 Total 324.7 100 Source: HH Survey The structure of income from other sources shows that the main income is from wages (39%). This is mainly because the majority of the population in these villages work at the Rogun construction site (see Figure 3-4). OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 21 Income sources/Источник дохода 2% 4% 6% Salary / заработная плата Labor migration/трудовой 8% мигрант 39% Dekhan farm / дехканское хозяйство Other agric. prod. / другие сел. Прод. Business/бизнес 23% Employment/занятость Pension benefits/песионное пособие 18% Figure 3-4: Distribution of average monthly income of HHs The second most important source of income (31%) is agriculture, which is composed of products on the house plot ("other agricultural products" in the graph, 8%) and products form farmland (dekhan farm, 23%). Remittances from labour migration account for 18%. Note that the majority of men, who previously worked as migrant workers outside their place of residence, are currently working at the Rogun HPP construction site. Income from business, employment and social benefits together contribute 12% of the HH income. The survey results show that the main part of HH expenditure is on food (69.6%). The relatively low level of spending on education is greatly associated with the fact that most children, especially girls, do not continue their education to secondary or high schools after completion of fourth grade. The following table shows the average expenses of HHs. Table 3-12: Average monthly expenditure of HHs (TJS) Sources of income Average monthly expenditure In % per HH (N=288) Agricultural products 748 69.6 Energy 45 4.2 Education 16 1.5 Health 44 4.1 Clothes 91 8.5 Transport 57 5.3 OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 22 Agricultural equipment 5 0.5 Home Repair 5 0.5 The assets of households 22 2.0 Events (weddings etc.) 10 0.9 Other 31 2.9 Total 1074 100 When the HHs relocate to the new sites, the proceeds from agriculture production and wages may decrease considerably, especially in the initial years. This is primarily due to the population leaving their present agricultural lands, in particular lands used for production of potatoes and vegetables; they will also leave their jobs and forgo income earned at the construction of Rogun HPP. However, income from labour migration and entrepreneurship is expected to increase. 3.3.5 Services and Infrastructure 3.3.5.1 Water Supply Situation The HH survey and FGDs carried out earlier in May/June 2011 show that access to water is usually easy in the most parts of the project area. The area is endowed with water sources. Most HHs get their drinking water from springs and the water is connected to the houses via plastic pipes. There is also water available for irrigation of the HHs’ kitchen gardens, and canals for transporting water were seen in all affected villages. These are the canals that carry water for irrigation. In summer though, water seems to decrease in some villages, and to cope with water shortages, the local administration supplies water to these villages using a water tank carrier, which brings drinking water daily to the affected villages. In the villages of Talkhakchashma, Kishrog and Mirog, water supply was negatively impacted by dam construction activities in the way that it increased turbidity of the water. In Sech water for irrigation is also getting less during spring, and the canal which gets water from melted snow has a much lower level. Source of Drinking water The source of water supply for domestic use is generally safe as most of it comes from the natural springs nearby, especially in the villages of Tagi Agba and Tagi Kamar. The villages of Kishrog and Mirog rely wholly on spring water. Tap water also comes from springs; the water is supplied to the villages with the help of rubber pipes. Problems with access to drinking water were observed in Sech village where more than 67% of households have water delivered to them. Talkhakchashma village also experiences shortage of drinking water; it was found that 26% of the villagers there responded that they experience water shortage. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 23 Table 3-13: Sources of water supply, Stage 1 villages Sources of Villages water Average Talkhak- Tagi Tagi Kishrog Mirog Sech Chorsada supply Chashma Agba Kamar River/Canal 0.3 2.0 Water pipe 35.4 31.5 7.7 11.1 56.3 Well 0.7 3.0 Public water 0.7 3.5 source Delivered 14.6 67.0 26.0 7.7 8.4 14.1 water Spring 48.3 100 100 33.0 34.0 84.6 80.5 29.6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Distance to Source of Water The survey results reveal that 29.5% of HHs have water source located directly in the yard and for 33%, it is close to the house. More than 11% of respondents indicated that the water source is located at a distance of less than 200 meters, 10.4% mentioned that the water source is located at a distance of 400 to 600 meters, 4% stressed that the water source is located at a distance of 800 meters and 11.8% added that they fetch water from a distance of more than 1 km. Of the total number of respondents, 19.4% mentioned that in dry years, there is lack of potable water and they use alternative water sources. Most water shortages during the dry periods are experienced by villagers from Talkhakchashma (39%), Tagi Agba (31%) and Chorsada (16%) villages. As an alternative source of water more than 50% of respondents indicated that they use imported water, i.e. water delivered to them. In connection with the destruction of some local water sources because of the dam construction work, local people recently experienced some difficulty. Hukumat (local level executive committee) and the Directorate of Rogun HPP organised regular daily delivery of water by water carriers (trucks) to the population that was left without drinking water. The delivery of water will continue until the resettlement process is complete. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 24 Access to water sources/Доступ к источникам воды 50 45 48.3 40 35 30 35.4 [%] 25 20 15 10 14.6 5 0.3 0.7 0.7 0 Figure 3-5: Distribution of HHs’ water source 3.3.5.2 Sanitation Toilets in the area are situated on the outskirts of the HH compound and are pit dug latrines with deck timber covering. A few HHs have flush toilets but these are in the minority. The majority of HHs have the traditional sanitation facilities (pit latrines), as these are easy and cheap to construct. Sanitation is expressed in terms of types of toilets and methods used for the disposal of refuse. The common toilet is a cesspool or pit with a deck covering. As soon as the pit toilet is full it is covered and a new pit is dug. The toilet is located in the outskirts of the household compound. In the surveyed villages there is no centralised system for garbage collection. The most common method for refuse disposal is by burying the garbage once the pit is full. 62.2% of HHs reported that they have a special pit for garbage in their yards; once this was full a new one was dug. 10% of HHs reported that they burn their garbage. 16% reported that their village has a public municipal pit for emptying their garbage. The communal pit was found to be common in large villages like Chorsada. These public pits are usually located in the outskirts of the village, far from water sources and when they are full, they are sealed to avoid pollution. During the construction of new resettlement sites it is necessary to provide specific space for garbage collection and removal. 3.3.5.3 Domestic Fuel Almost all HHs reported that the main source of lighting is electricity. More than 86% of the HHs use firewood collected from the mountains for cooking and only 7% use coal for cooking. 22% of respondents also said they use electricity for preparing beverages, especially tea. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 25 3.3.5.4 Health Services Health facilities are lacking in the project area with the exception of Talkhakchashma village but the facility has no medical personnel. Access to health facilities is possible, but long distances have to be covered to get to them. The health centres mainly cater for primary health care, but for complicated health issues and to receive better quality health care, the nearest facilities will be at the district centres like Nurobod (Obi Garm), Rogun and even Dushanbe. Here better equipment, more medical staff and bigger facilities will be found, albeit not enough as mirrored at the national level where in 2009 there were only 20 doctors and 61 beds for every 10,000 people (HDR 2010, pg.1999). Women in the rural areas therefore mostly give birth at home as birth attendants are found at the villages. Medical personnel do stay in the villages so it is not uncommon that they treat people in their houses when only simple medical attendance is required. For the villages in the project area, Obi Garm is mostly frequented should critical medical assistance be required. It is also worth noting that unless critical medical treatment is required the HH will try to avoid the costs for the sick to be transported to the medical facilities in the district centres. Diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhoea, typhoid are common, especially among children. These communicable diseases are on the rise during summer, however free vaccinations are available for children up to the age of 3. Medical staff members (paediatricians and nurses) come from Rogun town to administer the mandatory vaccinations to the children. Data were collected on type of medical treatment used in the localities and the distance to medical facilities. It was found that one main problem for the surveyed villages is access to health services. 94% of HHs mainly use modern medicine and only 6% use both modern (= "western") and traditional (= herbal) medicines. Note that in rural Tajikistan, the so-called "western" medicine, which is usually termed "modern medicine", is called "traditional medicine", while what is usually called "traditional medicine" (herbal medicine, traditional healers) is referred to as "non- traditional medicine". In order to avoid confusion, here the expressions "western" and "herbal" medicine are used. The survey also revealed that 91.3% of HHs had to travel outside villages to get medical care (i.e. either at the district centre, in urban areas including Dushanbe city or at the neighbouring village). The biggest village, Chorsada, used to have functioning obstetric stations but these became inoperative during the civil war up to now. The village at present lacks any medical facility; in order to get medical care or be diagnosed the population of Chorsada goes to Nurabad (12 km), the centre of Jamoat Hakimi or Kasandra (6 km). In serious cases villagers travel as far as the capital, Dushanbe. Medical personnel reside in the village but due to lack of medical facilities, they receive patients in their homes. Female birth attendants administer home deliveries. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 26 Table 3-14: Distance of medical facilities from villagers’ place of residence Number of responses Range of % Talkhak- Tagi Tagi distance Kishrog Mirog Sech Chorsada Chashma Agba Kamar < 1 km 7.3 3.2 1.8 13.4 1-2 km 2.8 5.6 2.1-3 km 0.3 1.8 3.1- 6 km 0.8 6.4 6.1- 10 km 14.6 58.2 33.0 17.0 3.6 24.0 3.0 10.6 10.1- 20 km 61.4 16.1 50.0 66.0 70.6 38.0 64.0 69.7 Over 20 km 12.8 16.1 17.0 17.0 22.2 38.0 33.0 0.7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Survey results reveal that in order to get medical care more than 60% of HHs travel 10 to 20 km., 13% would travel over 20 km while 15% would travel between 6 and 10 km to get medical care. Due to the remoteness of health facilities more than 70% of births occur at home. 3.3.5.5 Education The education level is generally low compared to the national level, which is relatively high. In the project area, women’s level of education is relatively low compared to the national level for females. Most women have not attended school and the present girls only attend schools close to their own villages. The education facilities are not many and villages often will lack higher level education facilities, let alone secondary schools. For instance primary schools up to grade four are present in the affected villages (Kishrog, Mirog, and Talkhakchashma). Girls are not left to pursue their education if the institutions are located far (walking distance of between 1-4 km) from their villages and the harsh road conditions during winter also contributes to this restriction. This explains the low level of education among girls in the project area. The primary schools in the area are also mostly up to grade 4, the district centres will have the complete primary and secondary education institutions, but these are a long distance from the villages. Only Tagi Kamar has a secondary school up to grade 9 and a few girls here will study up to that level, because the school is located in their village. Both qualitative and quantitative surveys carried out show that of the six villages in Jamoat Sicharog, in Sech, Tagi Agba and Mirog, no schools exist, while in the villages of Talkhakchashma and Kishrog there is only one primary school. The only secondary school going up to grade 9 is found in Tagi Kamar village. Children from the villages of Sech, Tagi Agba and Mirog have to walk to villages housing primary and secondary schools and the distance is from 1-4 km. Girls in all the surveyed villages mainly study up to grade 4 and only a small number of them will study up to grade 9, for example girls from Tagi Kamar will because the secondary school is located in their village. The low level of education for girls is due to their parents not letting them go to school because of the long distance to and the remoteness of the schools; parents are concerned about the girls’ safety. Chorsada village in Jamoat Hakimi has a secondary school up to grade 9 and in order to obtain the full secondary education up to grade 11, children must attend the school in Hakimi village which is 3 km away. Questions were asked about the level of education of the population in the surveyed villages. The results indicate that the level of education among the adult population is OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 27 relatively low, especially among the female population, when compared with the average national level. Table 3-15: Level of adult education in Stage 1 villages Gender Level of education Average (%) Men Women No education 4.5 2.1 6.9 Primary education 13.3 9.2 17.4 Secondary non- 23.6 17.1 30.2 complete Secondary 48.3 52.2 44.3 Secondary vocational 6.1 11.6 0.5 Higher non-complete 2.2 4.4 Higher 2.0 3.3 0.6 Total 100 100 100 Table 3-15 shows that of the total number of respondents 4.5% are illiterate, 2.1% of the men and 6.9% of the women. 13.3% of respondents have only received primary education, of which 9.2% are men while 17.4% are women. Factoring in the gender aspect, it is clear that women’s access to good quality education is much lower compared to men. More than 19% of men, of the total number of men, have a secondary vocational and higher education, while among the women the proportion for the same level of education is just over 1%. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 28 Level of education / Уровен образования 60 50 Men/Мужчины 40 Women/женщины [%] 30 20 10 0 Figure 3-6: Distribution of HHs’ education level 3.3.5.6 Markets Most of the big markets are found at the district centres and larger towns like Obi Garm and Rogun, but small outlets exist in the villages. Chorsada has a large market which operates on Sundays and it is famous for selling livestock. At the small outlets in the villages, excess agricultural products are sold. Most of the large markets are also quite a long distance from the villages and incurring costs to go to these markets also occurs only if the HH must go to the market as the barter system also works well within the villages. Of importance is the informal social safety net that exists. This applies to both men and women and is called “khashar”, which means collective work. If a HH needs help with constructing a house or mending it then the men will get together and help the neighbour. The same applies among women, who get together to help with the cooking during weddings and other feasts and funerals. In the khashar as organised in the rural area help is free, but the one being helped will always provide a hot meal. This explains why the villages have several families counted within one household; the kinship fabric has played a vital role securing a safety net. Borrowing from each other when one family lacks something has been a custom but might now be changing due to resettlement as families choose where to resettle. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 29 3.3.5.7 Roads, Paths and Bridges (Village Connections) Villages are connected to each other via roads, paths and bridges. One major regional road runs through the project area right to the Kyrgyz border, the M41, which serves the whole Rasht valley. The replacement of M41 is already under construction on a higher level to avoid it from being submerged. Local secondary roads are not good and are almost impassable during the wet season; and falling rocks and melting snow cause further damage to the roads that connect small towns and district centres during winter, e.g. the Obi Garm to Novobod road that was excavated in the mid-1980s. The nearest villages to Chorsada village are Obi Borik which is 3 km, Kumok 4 km, Khakimi 2 km, Zorun 4.5 km away. These are all connected to Chorsada and each other by road and paths, which are not in good conditions, and are dirt roads whose conditions worsen during winter. Between Chorsada and the villages of Sabgvor and Rogun are bridges, and in general Chorsada is a big trading centre for all the neighbouring villages. Kishrog and Mirog villages are located close to each other and to get to the other villages, one has to use the tunnel that goes through the Rogun HPP site which is now a security zone. The other villages are at least 1 – 7 km from Mirog and Kishrog. The roads and paths leading to these villages are strewn with rocks and debris due to the dam construction, and are thus a danger to the people and especially to children. A new bridge exists between the villages of Kishrog and Mirog, while a broken down bridge is what used to connect Tagi Kamar and Saidon villages. From the villages to the fields and pastures there are paths and cattle trails which are also not in the best conditions but serve their purpose. However, these are now dotted with rocks and large stones because of ongoing rock blasts at the dam construction site. Road conditions to the main resettlement sites are generally good. The Asian Development Bank is funding the new Dushanbe - Uzbekistan border Road, which also covers the Tursunzade area that will serve as a resettlement site for some PAPs in the Stage 1 affected villages. The road is towards the west of the country. 3.3.5.8 Sacred Sites and Mosques The project area has some sites which are of importance to the people and may be termed as public property on the cultural side. In Chorsada there is a sacred place, Mazor. There is a sacred site in the village of Talkhakchashma, Mazar Eshoni Mahmadgafurchon, which has a 200 year history. The village residents believe that they have no right to move this sanctuary and have appealed to the state to move the sanctuary to a safer area before reservoir impoundment. Another sacred site is also found at Kishrog village. All the inhabitants of the project area are Muslims and mosques are their religious meeting points and also social cultural assets. Mosques also act as a central point for meetings. Most of the big mosques are found in larger towns or district centres. The villages of Kishrog, Tagi Kamar, Talkhakchashma and Chorsada have mosques. Villages without mosques like Mirog will usually use Kishrog village’s mosque as the two villages are close to each other. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 30 3.3.6 Vulnerable Groups 3.3.6.1 Definition Vulnerable groups were also identified during the initial fieldwork in June 2011 and were again reconfirmed during the detailed HH survey. Vulnerable groups are described as including the following:  Disabled people, e.g. the handicapped, people suffering from HIV/AIDS, the seriously ill, the blind, maimed, etc.  Female-headed households and widowed women.  The elderly who have no help in labour activities. This also includes pensioners. During the detailed HH surveys in September/October 2011, a more accurate definition of vulnerable groups was used. The vulnerable groups include:  Female heads of HH  Widows  Elderly  Disabled people  Sick people  The very poor. In general terms, vulnerable persons or HH need assistance in the following ways:  Construction of new house in the relocation site.  Special assistance for moving to new site (transport, etc.).  Livelihood restoration (a form of assistance not restricted to vulnerable groups, but where vulnerable persons may require special attention). Other assistance might be required, depending on the situation of the person or the HH; this will have to be determined on a case to case basis. 3.3.6.2 Survey Results Questions were asked about vulnerable groups in the HHs and this meant female-headed HHs, HHs headed by the disabled, and in general the neediest segments of the population were also identified. Results show that when moving to new locations of settlement the most vulnerable segments of the population suffer. The criterion for level of poverty was based on the respondents’ answers to the following:  The size of farmlands including the number of fruit trees,  The possession of farm animals,  The availability of additional agricultural lands, exclusive of farms,  The amount of remittances received from labour migration, OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 31  The level of salary of HH members, especially those working at the construction of Rogun HHP, and  The number of HH members. The basic indicator of the level of poverty was taken as the parity between incomes and expenses. Based on the above factors, 22.2% of respondents were classified as poor; 4.1% as very poor, 73.5% were considered as middle class and 0.2% classified themselves as rich people. Survey results showed that 13.2% of HH (38 HHs) were headed by women and 7% of the women are widows. Of the total population in surveyed villages, 1.5% (31 persons) are disabled people with different types of disability. Of the total number of HH heads, 23 people are disabled (8%). When the gender aspect of disabled people is taken into account, 71% (22 persons) are male and 29% (9 persons) are female. Percentage of disabled population процент инвалидов среди жителей 1.6% 1.5% 1.4% 1.2% 1.1% 1.0% 0.8% 0.6% 0.4% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0% total disabled persons/ общая disbled male/инвалиды disabled female/ инвалиды численность инвалидов мужского пола женского пола Figure 3-7: Distribution of vulnerable group HH heads When HH heads are segregated and the disability factor is factored in, then the distribution is as shown in the following figure. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 32 HH heads / Глава ДХ 8% 13% Men / мужчины Women / женщины Disabled /инвалиды 87% Figure 3-8: Distribution of HH heads 3.4 Attitude towards Resettlement 3.4.1 Avoidance or Reduction of Resettlement All Stage 1 villages have to be relocated as the land, houses and assets, as well as other social, economic and cultural infrastructure will be affected. The subsequent stages of relocation will occur in villages lying outside of the construction site and at higher altitudes than the stage 1 reservoir level of 1100 m asl. The constant promises given to PAPs in these villages that they would relocate (since Soviet times) because of the construction of the dam have been in the works for too long. A clear break to relocate the villages is called for now. New sites have already been chosen and some HHs have started constructing houses at the new sites. From the FGDs, many of the PAPs have implied that they would like to start their lives at the new sites as early as possible and know that what they lose will be built up again as they are used to the thought of being relocated. 3.4.2 Readiness to Move PAPs were asked whether they had a preferential location for resettlement (see Chapters 4 and 5 for details). The Table below shows the results. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 33 Table 3-16: Preference for resettlement sites Preferred place Average Villages of resettlement % Kishrog Mirog Sech Talkhak- Tagi Tagi Chorsada Chashma Agba Kamar Vahdat 3.6 8.7 5.7 Dushanbe 1.1 4.0 1.1 Obi Garm 10.1 73.9 2.3 Rogun 5.0 8.7 25 2.6 16.7 12 Rudaki (Tepi 35.1 8.7 16 70.5 Samarkandi) Saidon 8.5 50 52 Tursunzade 36.2 75 100 97.4 33.3 16.0 20.4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Overall, Tursunzade (36.2%) is the most preferred resettlement site chosen by villagers, followed by Rudaki (35.1%) that would mostly house villagers from Chorsada. The majority of respondents in villages of Mirog (75%), Sech (100%) and Talkhakchashma (97.4%) prefer Tursunzade, while about 74% of Kishrog villagers would prefer to move to Obi Garm and more than 50% of villagers from Tagi Agba and Tagi Kamar would like to move to Saidon village, which is located 20 km away from their present residential site. The readiness to move was tied with household assets that might need compensation. The survey revealed that all respondents expected to be compensated for their houses and other property that might be left behind. Respondents indicated that part of their cattle had to be sold. Due to insufficient transport capacity some bulky assets could not be moved, including trunks (30.5%), wardrobes (21.45), various cabinets (18%), refrigerators (5.5%), sofas and beds (9%). Therefore, provision of sufficient transport is critical. More than 72% of respondents indicated that besides monetary compensation they would like to receive compensation in the form of livelihood strategies such as training courses at the new resettlement areas. More than 40% of project affected persons (PAPs) mostly males expressed the desire to learn new farming techniques in the production of agricultural products adapted to the new resettlement areas. For example, they would like to be taught new techniques in production of cotton, vegetables and rice. Over 50% of women would like to take courses in embroidery and 20% in cooking. More than 30% of men noted that at the new resettlement areas, there is need to conduct courses on construction linked expertise, e.g. welders, painters, carpenters and truck drivers. 3.4.3 Most Important Criteria for Relocation HH heads were also asked to name four factors they considered to be the most important for relocation. Analysis shows that the two most important factors for resettlement are first, access to drinking water and water for irrigation (80.9%); second, access to education (65.3%) as the Figure 3-7 below indicates. Access to education ranks high especially in the villages of Mirog (83.3%), Sech (85.7%) and Tagi Agba (76.8%) as there is absence of educational institutions in these villages. The same villages also rank access to water at comparatively the same level. The third factor of importance is access to quality health services (58.7%) followed by OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 34 development of infrastructure (56.6%), here understood as presence of electricity and good roads. More than half of the HH heads indicated that infrastructure, safe housing and availability of fertile land were crucial factors for them to relocate. Only 22% of respondents indicated that the main factor for relocation is to find a job and 12% indicated that living close to relatives was crucial for their relocation. Of the total number of respondents over 65%, of which 55% were women and 72% men, had a preference for the place to resettle. The relatively low level of empowerment of women in determining the relocation site is largely due to the dominant role of men in families Expectations of the population of the resettlement site [%] Ожидание населения о новых месть переселения 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Figure 3-9: Distribution of major criteria for relocation OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 35 4 RESETTLEMENT ACTIVITIES UNDER WAY Rogun is a special case insofar as, at the time of the design of the present RAP, resettlement activities had started a long time ago and were still going on. 4.1 Host Sites 4.1.1 Identification of Host Sites Basically, for the identification of relocation sites there are two possibilities as follows: 1. The Government (represented by the Agency of Land Tenure, Geodesy and Mapping, according to Resolution No. 467, 2008 (National Resettlement Policy), Art. 2, Point 8, and Resolution No. 7, 2009 (Rogun Resettlement Law), Art. 2) identifies suitable sites for relocation, taking into account mainly criteria of availability of land for construction and cultivation, as well as available infrastructure. These sites will then have to be checked and approved by a number of other agencies and ministries (e.g. Agriculture, Health, Transport, Environment, the latter based on an Ecological Expertise prepare by the Agency) before they are officially accepted as relocation sites. 2. A village, or a large proportion of its inhabitants, identify and propose as site for relocation on their own initiative. This is then checked by the official entities involved for their suitability and, if found acceptable, is then being developed. Both of these approaches have been used in the case of Rogun HPP so far. Still, and again for understanding that this is a process which started a considerable number of years ago, it has to be pointed out that the "official" resettlement sites, i.e. those proposed by the Government, were identified before the present Resettlement Unit (RU) was in place, and even before Resolution No. 7 (Rogun Resettlement Law) came into force. In at least one of these sites (Darband), resettlement activities started as far back as the 1980s, still during the Soviet era. The sites presently under development (for Stage 1) are described shortly in the following section, and a description of their present state is provided in Chapter 11.3. 4.1.2 Resettlement Sites Under Development The Government has already identified resettlement sites for those to be relocated. This is in compliance with the Land Law, Article 47. The areas identified include: Nurobod District, Rogun, Rudaki District, Tursunzade City and Dangara District of Khatlon Region. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 36 Figure 4-1: Resettlement sites for Rogun HPP (Stage 1 and Stage 2) 1 Darband Дарбанд 2 Rogun Рогун 3 Rudaki Рудаки 4 Tursunzade Турсунзаде 5 Dangara Дангара 6 Novi Saidon Новы Саидон 7 Yoligarmova Йолигармова Consultations with the host communities has been undertaken and is discussed in Section 4.2. Construction of social, economic, and culture infrastructure is complete or ongoing at these sites. Some PAPs have completed the construction of their houses, while others are in the process of building it or have not yet started (see Table 3-1). In the following sections an appraisal of the status quo is given. The resettlement sites can briefly be characterised as follows: OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 37 1. Darband: this is the new centre of Nurobod District and is located near the existing centre, which will be submerged in Stage 2. Construction of infrastructure is well advanced, and the district administration has moved to this place already. No Stage 1 HH relocate to this place. 2. Rogun: existing town, which was created (or at least considerably enlarged) for the construction of Rogun HPP. This includes relocation sites such as Yoligarmova and Novi Saidon (see below). 3. Rudaki: this is a site rather near to Dushanbe. The newly created villages at this site will be Tepi Samarkand 1 (under construction, well advanced, some HH installed here permanently already), Tepi Samarkand 2 (construction started) and Tepi Samarkand 3 (in planning stage). 4. Tursunzade: this site is located about 40 km east of Dushanbe. It is an industrial site with a good potential for finding jobs for the resettlers and at the same time a good potential for agriculture, however, without pasture land in the immediate vicinity. New settlements are being created here for the resettlers, namely, Toychi 1 and 2 (under construction, some HH already moved here) and Toychi 3 (in planning stage). 5. Dangara: mainly agricultural area located 30 km south of Nurek, with limited amounts of pasture land nearby. Here as well, infrastructure construction is well advanced, and some HH have moved here. 6. Novi Saidon: site newly chosen and development started in 2012 (see below). Site close to existing villages in Sicharog Jamoat, but above FSL. This site has a limited potential for agriculture, but is suitable for the traditional way of animal husbandry. 7. Yoligarmova: site chosen by inhabitants from Kishrog and Mirog (see below); development started in Summer 2013. Situation concerning agriculture and pasture land similar to Novi Saidon. There was no social and/or economic displacement as a result of the allocation of the resettlement sites and the host communities did not lose any land as a result of the allocation of the resettlement villages. Resettlement is a process, and the case of Rogun is no exception to this rule. This also concerns the selection of resettlement sites, which is by no means final, as the following examples show (status as of February 2014):  The inhabitants of the Stage 1 villages Kishrog and Mirog (within the construction site d/s of the dam) expressed the wish to be relocated near their present site, possibly also in view of being able, at a later stage, i.e. once the construction activities finished, to use their present orchards again. Chormagsak was identified, a site located on a small plateau, at an elevation of about 1700 m asl (Rogun town is at 1300 m asl), on the right bank of Vakhsh river, rather close to the dam. An inspection of the site by the consultant in May 2011 gave rise to two major concerns: (i) the access road (which had already been built) is very steep and might cause problems for reaching the place in winter, and (ii) water has to be pumped up to this place, which presents the risk of having no water if, for whatever reason, the pumps do not work. Finally, the prospective inhabitants of this site decided not to move there. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 38  Given this situation, but still taking into consideration the wish of the PAPs for being located in the vicinity, a site near Obi Garm was now evaluated. No decision on this new site had been taken as of June 2012. Finally, Yoligarmova (No. 7 in Figure 4-1) was selected, and development there started. In October 2013, the access road to this place had been built, the village layout was defined, and the electricity supply was under construction. See Section 11.3 for recent development.  Another alternative site, Upper Saidon, was under evaluation. It is located on the left bank of Vakhsh, shortly upstream of the dam, near the present village sites of Talkhakchashma (Stage 1 village) and Khodja Valisho (Stage 2 village) for relocating approximately 100 HH from nearby Stage 1 villages and, at a later stage from Stage 2 villages. The site (No. 6 in Figure 4-1) is above the Stage 2 FSL of 1290 m asl. Access to this site will ultimately be provided by the new road which is planned along the left bank of the reservoir and which will provide access to the main road via a road on the dam crown. However, access to this site during the construction period might be problematic. In the summer of 2013, water supply and health post at this place were constructed. These examples show that, although basically relocation sites have been determined rather long ago, this does not mean that no other solutions are possible (see Section 5.4 for a discussion on consultations). It also shows that the wishes of the PAP concerning relocation sites are taken into consideration, and that the choice is not necessarily limited to the pre-determined sites. It has to be pointed out that resettlement planning and implementation as done by RU is being done with the final stage (i.e. all resettlement required for a reservoir FSL at 1290 m asl), and not specifically for Stage 2, even though for the time being actual relocation of persons emphasises and is limited to Stage 1 villages. 4.1.3 Population of Host Communities The population of the host communities and the distance from the original villages to the new settlement sites is shown in the Table below: Table 4-1: Host population and distance from new site Resettlement site (host Number of population of Distance between the new community ) host community settlement site and the existing settlement (km) Darband 1235 At a radius of 0.05 km Dangara (Chorsada ) 1500 At a radius of 0.1 km Tursunzade (Toychi) 2534 At a radius of 0.1 km Rudaki (Tepi Samarkandi) 3450 At a radius of 3 km While the resettled population is integrated in existing community structures (Jamoat), they are set up as settlements or villages (mahallas) of their own, there is no direct mixing of new and existing settlements. The following Table shows the results as of September 2011. Update on development in the meantime is provided in Chapter 5. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 39 Table 4-2: Number of families already resettled at new sites (Stage 1 and 2, June 2011) New Settlement Families Intended number Status already of families for resettled the new site Rudaki 20 286 Infrastructure construction completed for Рудаки electricity, water. HC and school not yet started and roads not tarmacked. Market not constructed. Dangara 70 250 All infrastructure construction completed, Дангара Mosque building ongoing Tursunzade 100 367 Infrastructure construction completed and Турсунзаде operational School in village Toychi not started and mosque is 30% completed. Chormagzak 0 67 Road to site in place. Site abandoned, no Чормагзаk further planning. Darband 35 15,000 All infrastructure construction completed Дарбанд including sewerage and operational. Source: Study team Note: this Table does not make a distinction between families from Stage 1 and Stage 2 villages In sites such as Tursunzade and Rudaki construction of new village schools is not complete yet, but adjacent schools to the villages are being shared with host community’s children. As of June 2011, based on information from consultations with host communities, no congestion or pressure was reported to be felt in the schools that are shared with new settlers’ children. The new market in Rudaki is also not fini shed. All sites boost of new roads with asphalting of the roads still to be completed in Tursunzade, Rudaki and Dangara. Mosques are almost complete in Dangara and Tursunzade, with the settlers themselves doing the construction work. 4.2 Choice of Resettlement Sites and PAPs’ Views On issues related to resettlement, the selection of new locations was mostly discussed during meetings with the RU representatives and the local authorities. Most PAPs who have selected Tursunzade as their new resettlement site, have already started the construction of their houses. As of September 2011, during the FGDs, some had prepared the house foundations; others had already started the roofing while others were putting the finishing touches on their houses. As of end September 2011, 24 families from Rogun District, Sicharog Jamoat, had moved to the new sites. PAPs, however, encountered problems with some of the new sites, in particular Chormagzak. “It is the 2nd day since we, men, have returned to the village. The work was intense and we made good progress. There was a complex issue: during the day time they started turning off the electricity. And in order to lay the bricks out of clay and do other works, we get water from wells by using electricity. We contacted local leaders to give us power to complete the work before the rainy season, but we have not received a positive response”. S., 51 years old, Talkhakchashma. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 40 Also PAPs to be relocated to regions of Rogun Town from the villages of Kishrog, Mirog and Tagi Kamar have not started their house constructions yet, there were some contentious issues still to be solved. “We only know the place of resettlement. We have not even received a place of residence for each household”. M., 42 years old, Kishrog. The choice of new sites was from the very beginning made at the village general meetings. The decision was made by men, while women had only been informed of the resettlement area. During the general meetings, the local authorities and the RU proposed a list of new sites. Information on the situation of the new sites were provided by RU in these meetings. Village delegations were then take to the new sites, where they were given additional information on the sites and could gain their own impression. Information provide to the PAPs included description site characteristics, including availability of land. People chose the sites to move to voluntarily, no coercion was used from the authorities’ side. The PAPs’ choice was hinged on the selection criteria which included: developed region, irrigated and fertile land. The residents of Kishrog village are the only ones who are totally against relocation to Chormagzak village. According to them, the men decided to move to this site, however, as soon as they saw the place both the men and women refused to move there. Some of the views of Kishrog PAPs who were to move to Chormagzak site are quoted below: “When we all voted against the new place, we have been visited by Asadullo Gulomov. He tried to persuade us and promised that he would personally control that we would have all necessary conditions”. A., 64 years old, Kishrog. “Recently, our family decided to get up and look at the new location. Thus, the vehicle went up 500 m. and returned back. The driver said: "I want to live and I do not intend to take risks." The steep slopes leading to the village are scaring everyone. And we have many small children. What will happen with us tomorrow?” G., 37 years old, Kishrog. “Five years ago my husband died and I was left with five small children; I live with my father-in-law because there is nowhere else I can go. I do not want to move to Chormagzak. I contacted Jamoat a number of times; I applied to the rayon Hukumat, but no one has helped yet. The new place is very dangerous and it is far away from developed districts. We sell nuts, mulberry and apple, and other fruits at the market for a living. And how shall I live there?” M., 35 years old, Kishrog. This shows that PAPs views are taken into consideration. Despite the fact that some preliminary investment for the Chormagzak resettlement site, e.g. for opening an access road, had already been made, in view of the opposition of the population against this site was abandoned, and an alternative site, Yoligarmova, was identified and is now (since summer 2013) being developed (see Section 11.3.3). OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 41 From the FGDs in September/October 2011 the PAPs in the six villages gave the following information regarding their choice of resettlement site and how many households had already decided to move to the chosen sites.  Tursunzade: Residents of Talkhakchashma, Sech, Tagi Agba (4 HHs), and Mirog villages (3 HHs and 1 family).  Saidon (Rogun): Residents of Tagi Kamar, Tagi Agba villages (7 HHs).  Chormagzak (Rogun): Kishrog and Mirog villages (3 HHs) “My husband and I immediately decided that we were going to Tursunzade. We will be closer to the city and we will give a better education to children. In general, we’ve heard a lot of good things about the locality. I personally didn’t have the opportunity to study and barely finished seven grades of secondary school. And in my opinion, ignorance is dependence, poverty and backwardness. I want to learn a profession and get a job at the new place.” S., 25 years old, Tagi Agba. The factors for choosing the relocation site are identical for all PAPs from Sicharog Jamoat. They have stressed the following factors:  Availability of water and arable land.  Access to quality education and health.  Availability of and access to markets, and  Living near their fellow villagers. “The availability of water and land, we consider as the most important conditions. Land can mainly feed us, but without water it would not be able to feed us. Our women are trained from childhood to work, so we have no idea how we can live without land.” M., 40 years old, Kishrog. Residents of Chorsada village, Khakimi jamoat of Komsomolobad rayon, have relocated twice in history. In 1957 when they relocated to Vakhsh region of Khatlon Oblast and again in 1988 when they relocated to Dangara but again returned to the old Chorsada village. Now for the third time they will all have to be relocated again to avoid being submerged when Rogun HPP starts impoundment up to FSL of 1’110 m asl. Like the affected villages of Sicharog jamoat, village meetings and discussion were held in the village mosque to, among other things, select new locations for resettlement. The selection of the sites was done voluntarily and the willingness to relocate was confirmed by signing of the minutes of the community meeting. However, on arrival at the new sites, some Chorsada PAPs were disappointed with the land as it has many ravines, is ragged and hilly in most places. Most of the women regretted that they could not have all their livestock with them on the allocated 8 hectares of land, as the land they leave behind is much bigger in area. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 42 “Milk is the most important for my children. The eggs, which I have with my chickens, are always helpful for my family”. T., 38 years old, Chorsada. Men are preparing the land for construction of houses. The HHs that received rough, hilly sites spend a lot of money preparing the land for construction. Especially the alignment of the terrain requires substantial expenses: e.g. additional equipment and an excavator that costs TJS 400 per hour. The PAPs of Chorsada agreed to resettle in three areas, which are all in Rudaki District as follows:  Rohati: 72 HHs  Moinkaj: 72 HHs  Samarkandi Teppei: 70 HHs Construction in all the above sited areas has already begun and some families have already completed their houses. As of October 2011, the PAPs reported that six families had already relocated to a new location. The choice made by most HHs on where to relocate was based on the availability of arable and pasture lands and the conditions for horticulture and animal husbandry. Other factors included access to health care, education, markets and availability of water. “My grandchildren go to school that is in the center of Jamoat Hakimi. I would very much like my children to go to school in the vicinity of our home and not to freeze their feet until they get to school or go back home. I want the hospital, too, to be close to my house”. M., 67 years old, Chorsada. The remaining Chorsada villagers have thought through what they would like to see in place before they relocate to new sites. They would like to see the following: 1) The establishment of a commission made up of young people and local government leaders that would be responsible for the organizational issues of resettlement. 2) PAPs should be informed in advance about resettlement; 3) Help the poor and people living on their own as well as the disabled people to relocate; 4) Arrange the necessary transport for the PAPs in a timely manner and transport property and PAPs. An overview of the preferred place for resettlement chosen by all PAPs is depicted in Table 3-16. 4.3 Community Views on Resettlement The process of resettlement from one familiar site to another totally different site, far from the original residence place can have an effect on a community. The main aim of resettlement in this case is to create living conditions at the relocation sites that are better or equivalent to the previous residential sites. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 43 PAPs were asked to express their views on this project with regard to what they saw as negative or positive aspects of the project. Of the total number of respondents more than 60% noted positive aspects while 40% noted negative aspects with resettlement. The following Table reflects the answers received. Table 4-3: PAPs’ expression on positive and negative aspects of resettlement Positive aspects % Negative aspects % Constant power supply 46 Loss of fruit trees and trees used for construction 40 Creation of new jobs 19 Loss of agricultural land 15 Improving housing conditions 10 Regret to leave native areas 10 Improving access to education 7 Difficulties with moving to new locations of 14 resettlement Improving access to health 7 Lack of funds for construction of new houses in the 21 new place of relocation Getting land for construction of houses for 6 each family Closer to the city of Dushanbe 5 Total 100 100 Source: Study Team, HH Survey Surprisingly the main positive aspect was the constant supply of electricity, followed by creation of new jobs. Improvement of living conditions takes third place. The creation of new jobs is tied to living closer to the city, where most PAPs feel they have a better chance of being employed, while some have expressed the need to have some kind of training in order to start their own businesses. The main negative aspect was overwhelmingly the loss of fruit trees and other trees (for timber used for construction), this was followed by lack of funds for constructing new houses at the new sites, implying that the compensation amount to be received that was calculated in 2009 to replace the houses they were to lose is now considered insufficient due to the unsteady dollar. The third negative aspect was found to be loss of agricultural land, as the only land received is the family garden plot and PAP’s who wish to replace lost agricultural land have been required to apply for it. A good 14% expressed difficulties with moving to a new place while 10% regretted leaving their native area, where they were born. 4.4 BHR Study on Resettlement for Rogun 4.4.1 Scope In parallel with the ESIA and RAP for Rogun HPP, BHR (Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law), an NGO based in Dushanbe, carried out an evaluation of the resettlement process for Rogun HPP, under an EU assignment. The main results of this assessment were presented during a workshop on January 31, 2012, in Dushanbe, and are provided in the Report that was provided during this meeting (BHR 2012), in three languages (Tajik, Russian and English). Main contents of this report are: OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 44  A comparison of Tajik legislation regarding land use and land expropriation by the state, as well as regarding resettlement, with international standards (mainly World Bank safeguards).  A survey, carried out by means of interviews/questionnaires, in villages that will be resettled, as well as in relocation villages, with people who have already moved to these areas. 4.4.2 Main Points Raised Shortly, when it comes to issues related to relocation, compensation and the new sites, the following main points are raised in this Report.  In general, the majority of the people are satisfied with the way resettlement is handled by the respective government organisations.  Nevertheless, a number of complaints or points of dissatisfaction were recorded. The most important of these are: o Overall amount of compensation: for many of the PAPs, valuation of their properties (mainly houses) was carried out in 2009, while payments for compensation, and mainly for the construction of the new houses, was paid at a later date (starting when people actually start to build their new house at the chosen site). Prices for construction material and labour have gone up in the meantime, and reportedly the compensation amount does not take this into consideration. o Payment of the compensation is made in stages, starting with a first share of 30% when construction starts. This seems to have caused problems for many of the affected HH, and they ask for payment in full or at least 70% as first payment. o Payment is made only to the owner of any structure or asset to be compensated, and this is as a rule is the HH head. However, many HH consist of several families (parents with their married children). Reportedly, this at least in part is due to Rogun HPP, since officially the construction of new houses was officially not allowed in the impoundment area of the reservoir. o There are no special provisions being made for vulnerable groups (HH headed by women, disabled, elderly). o People living near the dam, in the "risk zone", face considerable inconveniences and danger due to activities related to construction. o In the new sites, house plots of 1000 m² are allocated to HH; this is said not to be sufficient, especially in the case of large HH. o Transport of moveable assets to the new site is provided by Rogun HPP; however, this is often not sufficient for moving all their possessions, and especially livestock, so that many people did have to sell some of their livestock, as it could not be transferred to the new site. o Complaints were also made concerning information on aspects related to resettlement, an on the possibilities for participating in the decisions that were taken. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 45 o Finally, complaints were received concerning the availability of infrastructure (mainly water supply, but also other items like road conditions, schools etc.) at the new sites. It is important to notice that apparently many of the relocated HH mentioned the availability and fertility of agricultural land at the new sites (Tursunzade, Rudaki and Dangara), while nobody had any complaints concerning a lack of land or access to it. 4.4.3 Conclusions The BHR Report summarised its main findings and conclusions in 7 points, quoted directly below (BHR 2012: 54-56): 1. National legislation of Tajikistan that regulates eviction and compensation issues, in general conforms to international standards and in particular to the World Bank's forced eviction policy, but it has a number of shortcomings: Tajikistan's national legislation does not regard relocation as a complex program of sustainable development and only guarantees provision of equivalent housing/land and compensation for damages and losses due to relocation. During relocation, attention is not given to such aspects as provision of the people, subject to relocation, with material assistance for some transition period, duration of which is calculated based on reasonable estimate of the time needed to restore the livelihoods and living standards. The people, subject to relocation, do not get assistance in improving their earnings and living standards. According to international standards, when dealing with issues of assistance and compensation to the people, subject to relocation, those, who have formal legal rights to land; those, who do not have formal legal rights to land; those, who do not have formal legal rights to land at the moment of the census, but have a legitimate claim to the registration of rights to such land or facilities and those, who do not have a recognised legal right to the land they occupy and have no legitimate claim to the registration of land rights. According to national legislation only those persons, who have legal rights to housing and land, subject to withdrawal, are regarded as beneficiaries and recipients of compensation. Particular attention is not given to vulnerable persons such as women, children, youth, the elderly, etc., in national legislation of RT, which regulates eviction and relocation issues. 2. The People, subject to relocation, lack information on relocation. There is no clear information on procedures and mechanisms for consideration of complaints, related to relocation issues. Although representatives of Directorate of Inundation Zone of Rogun HPP and local authorities are attempting to provide information (information about the area they will be relocated to, when, how, etc.) to the people, subject to relocation, and hold meetings with the people, it is still not sufficient, since people in some places of inundation of Rogun HPP do not have clear information about the relocation process and the guarantees, provided in connection with the relocation. Thus, the people, subject to relocation, have limited opportunities to participate in planning, implementation and monitoring of the implementation of location activities. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 46 3. Pecuniary compensation is granted only to the owner of the house, subject to inundation, that is to say, the owner of the entire household, consisting of several families, which does not take into account the interest of vulnerable groups (women, children, the elderly). The amount of compensation depends on the assessment of the property, and it is different in each case, respectively. Owners of the households are often either father or mother. Allocated amount of compensation is sometimes not enough to build a house even for the owner of the household. Thus, other families, living with the owner of the household, have to build a house at their own expense in a plot of land, allotted to them. 4. There is no independent institution for assessment of property in RT. Assessment of housing of the people, subject to relocation, is implemented by department of technical inventory. Furthermore, assessment of the most housing and property took place in 2009. But, over the past few years, prices for building materials and in general for all items have gone up significantly, there has been inflation. And the costs of the housings, assessed in 2000, is not enough for building another decent housing in 2011. 5. In most cases, people are willing and give their consent for relocation, relocation is voluntary. However, the oldest residents of the regions and persons with disabilities are willing to stay as far as possible in their original places or move to the area in the vicinity of their place of residence. 6. Compensation payment system is not perfect and causes some difficulties to the people, subject to relocation. Payment of compensation is phased, 30% of the total amount of compensation for each phase. The system generates a certain kind of difficulties for the people, subject to relocation, in particular, the residents, while waiting for the second phase of payments, spend the amount of payments of the first phase, the funds, allocated in the first phase, is not enough to build a new house, practically they are all unemployed, economic status is not at the required level. People in this case urged the authorized relocation agency to pay the full amount or a large part of compensation to the residents so that they could start building a new house. 7. Despite the legal requirement to complete phased activities for installing power supply network, communications, construction of educational institution, medical facilities, canals, water supply system and repair of roads in new areas prior to relocation and the willingness of the authorities to take actions and address these issues, some areas do not have power lines, water supply system, communications, schools, kindergartens, medical facilities, playgrounds, roads etc. so far. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 47 5 CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 5.1 Public Consultation Plan for RAP Implementation A detailed public consultation strategy is described in the ESIA Report. Of importance to this RAP are Participatory Appraisal and Participatory Implementation and Monitoring. In order to continue the consultation that has been initially carried out by RU and the Jamoats, and later done by the Study Team, guidelines need to be set that underpin the importance of public consultation and participation. These guidelines include:  The land acquisition and compensation of the Rogun Hydropower Project will follow Resettlement Policy of Tajikistan and WB OP 4.12 for involuntary resettlement.  Respect will be shown to the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) whose land will be acquired by the project.  Consultation and participation of PAPs will be required throughout the resettlement process.  Female facilitators should be used to mobilise the women as much as possible.  Focus Group Discussions should divide men, youth and women into separate groups, as necessary, for maximum input. The views of the youth are crucial in identifying the livelihood activities or training that will improve their future.  PAPs’ preferences will be prioritised.  Host Communities’ views must be heard and included in the project planning, implementation and monitoring. Steps to be taken to involve public participation included:  Contacting Chairperson or next leader of the Jamoat and informing him/her of arrival of project team to address and hold discussions with the public on the project. This prepares PAPs.  The Jamoat Chairperson invites village leaders and villagers to participate in discussions on what the project is about.  The direct representation of the villagers for discussions with RU and other involved parties is the rais of mahalla (the village chief) with his two deputies (one man and one woman), who are elected by the villagers. This is also the first point of contact for villagers who have concerns or questions related to the resettlement process. In public meetings, the following are among topics to be discussed:  Type of compensation, to individuals and to the community as a whole. o Individual: This will include compensation for house, income generation from land-use during the transition period until normalisation to pre-resettlement conditions is attained, and compensation for assets (crops and trees). Provision of replacement land - house plot, agricultural land, and pasture land. Information on applying for replacement OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 48 agricultural land and gaining access to pasture land should be disseminated. o Community: This will include infrastructure and social amenities (water, health, education, place of worship), sacred sites, graves, and finally access to natural resources, and all communal assets lost due to relocation.  Agreement will also be reached on when to compensate and in what form.  Agreement on eligibility requirement, resettlement assistance and activities. On implementing the RAP the relocated village members and host communities will participate in the relocation process by:  Continuing to hold meetings and discussions with appropriate representatives to agree on chosen site.  Community representatives participating when details on new houses and social amenities are being planned.  HH heads participating when crop and tree assessments are being carried out.  A complete planning and implementation of construction of new infrastructure being carried out in close consultation with villagers (via village representatives) and the local administration. Once decisions have been reached on the different issues discussed means of conveying results could be by:  Notice posting at the Jamoat or village leaders’ meeting place (use of flyers, posters at public notice boards); use of existing semester meetings to revisit decisions reached and signing of minutes taken at the meeting.  Oral transmission of information through community meetings or smaller meetings to target women and youth.  Use of media, mainly radio announcements and normal communication channels as done at present where the Jamoats or elders (Mahallas) inform the villagers, and use of newspapers. Television is also accessible to a large number of people, including PAPs.  Discussions will be held at least once a month at the village level on issues, which villagers bring up. The meeting will be led by the rais, with two deputies. If concerns raised at the meetings cannot be resolved they will be passed on to the Jamoat Chairman and the RU representative. (See discussion on Grievance Redress Mechanism in Chapter 6.) A Communications Officer (CO) post will be created within the Resettlement Unit. The CO would be responsible for promoting effective dialogue, project progress and creating understanding between the project and the PAPs. The CO would do this through monthly meetings with Jamoat chairmen and village leaders to convey project plans and get feedback from the community so that their inputs could be integrated into the overall project planning. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 49 In addition, the project will continue to carry out extensive public consultation by keeping the public up to date on the following issues: resettlement, livelihood restoration, environmental assessment and social data. Further public meetings will be held in both the Jamoats housing the project (the host communities) and those nearby in order to describe the progress of the RAP implementation to local residents, NGOs, government and other interested parties with the intention that all are participants in the project planning. In addition, the meetings will solicit feedback on the implementation of the RAP. Regular public meetings will be held to give an update on project plans and to get feedback from the stakeholders. 5.2 Consultations Held to Date Consultations were carried out at various periods of the project preparation, during the preparation of the ESIA and during the preparation of this RAP. The whole process has been ongoing and has included meetings, FGDs and HH surveys and targeted interviews. The consultations have been with both individuals and groups in the form of meetings and focus group discussions with the affected people, their representatives and leaders at the villages in Stage 1; local administration, RU representatives at both local and national levels and local stakeholders; NGOs with interest in resettlement were also consulted. There have also been group discussions with only women, as women do not express themselves freely when in the same group as men. In the FGDs with villagers female facilitators have been used to mobilise the women. Prior to starting on the household surveys, site visits were made to the local government/administration in the project area and the Jamoat Chairperson was informed of the upcoming household survey and group discussions. The consultations were to solicit and exchange information on matters concerning Rogun HPP and its effect on the affected population. The consultations were also used to gather socio-economic information of villagers in the project area; villagers’ opinions on Rogun HPP in terms of its advantages and disadvantages were also sought. The latter information was used to pinpoint the project impacts and identify social mitigation measures. Consultations were also carried out at the new sites with the Jamoat chairpersons, host communities and newly resettled people and RU local representatives (see Chapter 4 for details). The meetings were to solicit information on status of new sites, host communities’ opinion and reactions to new arrivals, the new settlers’ views on problems encountered when moving and their present status at the new sites. RU’s public consultation exercise is ongoing through its representatives on the ground at the resettlement sites. Flyers were made by RU for distribution to resettlers by the time the Consultant team started the surveys. Additionally, people are oriented about the progress of the project through posters and placards distributed throughout the country by RU and concerned ministries and organs as stipulated in law, article 47 The following information was solicited and discussed.  Presence of social and economic infrastructure, OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 50  Issues related to resettlement and selection of new sites,  Consultations done prior to Study Teams’ involvement in connection wit h the project,  Identification of livelihood activities the PAPs wanted to carry out at the relocation sites,  Benefits and disadvantages of the Rogun HPP,  Issues related to compensation received for construction of houses at new sites and current social network in villages. With local administration and RU representatives at new sites, the following information was sought:  General information about the jamoat and villages.  Progress of construction of infrastructure for resettlers at the new sites.  Existing programmes and projects run by NGOs and government in the jamoats.  The relationship of resettlers with local population.  Availability of livelihood activities for new settlers and possibility for training with emphasis on gender issues. With host communities and new settlers discussions and information sought were on:  Whether any consultations had taken place prior to the Study Team’s arrival and whether they were consulted and informed on the eventual arrival of new settlers.  Relationship with each other  Problems and solutions encountered due to intake of new settlers.  Status of shared infrastructure with new settlers.  Land issues, compensation received and issues encountered when settling in new sites (resettlers only). Table 5-1: Rogun HPP Consultations Matrix - before RAP dslosure Date Location of Meeting Number of Matters discussed, questions and answers Village /Jamoat Participants Consultation with Affected Villages (Sample surveys) 2011-05-30 Talkhakchashma 27 HH Sample survey & FGD to gather information on the Village village, the choice of new site and advantages of site and also gain info on benefits of Rogun HPP. 2011-05-30 Tagi Agba Village 8 FGD and HH sample survey; gather information on economy, history, infrastructure and leadership structure. 2011-05-31 Chorsada Village 45 HH sample survey & FGD; the main complaints about the related compensation, construction material prices, land replacement. History of resettles for 2nd time and experience. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 51 Date Location of Meeting Number of Matters discussed, questions and answers Village /Jamoat Participants 2011-06-01 Kishrog Village 29 HH sample survey & FGD: Choice of resettlement site; identification of vulnerable group. Benefits of Rogun HPP. 2011-06-01 Mirog Village Sample HH survey & FGD. Note that village has to be put together with Kishrog as number of HH is small. 2011-06-02 Sech Village 24 Sample HH survey & FGD. Understanding of project information; Choice of resettlement site 2011-06-03 Tagi Kamar Village 30 Sample HH survey & FGD. Project information; Benefits of Rogun HPP and choice of resettlement site. Consultations with Affected Villages (Detailed Surveys) 2011-09-29 Sech /Sicharog 9 HH survey and FGD 2011-09-29-30 Talkhakchashma / 30 HH survey and FGD Sicharog 2011-09-30 to Tagi Kamar / Sicharog 23 HH survey and FGD 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 Tagi Agba / Sicharog 10 HH survey and FGD 2011-10-02 Kishrog / Sicharog 20 HH survey and FGD 2011-10-02 Mirog / Sicharog 10 HH survey and FGD 2011-10-03-04 Chorsada / Khakimi 26 HH survey and FGD Consultations with New settlers at New Sites 2011-09-16 Rudaki 6 1 HH: Problems encountered during relocation; other problems; status of house construction and other infrastructure. Compensation issues and land. 2011-10-22 Chorsada, Dangara 13 FGD – Relationship with host community; Status of /Lolazor social and economic infrastructure, assistance from RU and local authorities; social network in new area; survival strategies in new area. 2011.10.11 Darband / Nurabad 10 FGD - Main problems and benefits encountered at area new site; survival strategies needed (livelihood strategies). 2011-10-19 Toychi, Tursunzade/ 10 FGD- Relationship with host community, status of Jura Rahmon infrastructure, assistance from RU and local administration; social network and survival strategy. Consultations with Local Administration and RU Representative at New Sites. 2011-09-16 Rudaki 2 Number of settlers who have moved to new settlement; new settlers’ livelihood; possibility of training for new settlers; NGOs operating in the area and what type; presence of micro-finance institutions; progress of new construction (infrastructure) at new sites; and relationship with host community. 2011-10-22 Dangara/Lolazor 3 Progress of construction at new site; programmes and projects being implemented in the village; main source of income of new settlers; training with emphasis on gender, and number of families to relocate to Jamoat Lolazor, Dangara Rayon. 2011-10-11 Darband 7 Number of new settlers who have moved in; programmes and projects operating in settlement area; existing industrial enterprises in Darband; and progress of infrastructure construction for resettlers in OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 52 Date Location of Meeting Number of Matters discussed, questions and answers Village /Jamoat Participants Darband settlement. Possibility of livelihood activities for new settlers and training with emphasis on gender. 2011-10-19 Tursunzade/Jura 3 Number of families to relocate here; progress on the Rahmon construction of Toychi village; on-going programmes and projects in the village especially presence of micro-finance organisations; livelihood activities for new settlers and training with emphasis on gender. Consultations with Host Community 2011-09-16 Rudaki, Tepi 5 Whether consultations by RU had occurred about new Samarkandi settlers' arrival; relationship with new settlers; status of shared infrastructure; how problems are solved should these occur. 2011-10-22 Chorsada, Dangara 13 Whether consultations by RU had occurred about new settlers' arrival; relationship with new settlers; status of shared infrastructure; how problems are solved should these occur. 2011.10.11 Darband 10 Whether consultations by RU had occurred about new settlers' arrival; relationship with new settlers; status of shared infrastructure; how problems are solved should these occur. 2011-10-19 Tursunzade, Toychi 10 Whether consultations by RU had occurred about new settlers' arrival; relationship with new settlers; status of shared infrastructure; how problems are solved should these occur. Source: Study Team The first draft of the RAP was disclosed in September 9, 2014 in WB and PMJ websites. Those affected have been informed that the RAP was online and a simplified version of the key parts of the RAP has been translated in Tajik language to facilitate the consultation activates and disclosed to the affected HH during the meeting listed in Table 5-2. Additionally, the final version of the RAP will be disclosed to those affected as described in Table 5-3. Table 5-2: Rogun HPP Consultations Matrix – RAP disclosure Consultation with affected PAP 2014-10-20 Rogun, Tagikamar 50 PAP comments and concerns and in bracket RU reply and follow up actions:  Rehabilitation of the road between Tagikamar and Sayidon (RU: expected in 2015);  Update of the compensation calculated in 2009 to account inflation (RU: all necessary documents prepared and submitted to the State Committee on Investments and the issue should be considered by them);  Construction of a new school for 320 pupils (RU: expected in 2016);  Providing financial support to poor HHs and families and to PAP with disabilities OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 53 (RU: a list of vulnerable PAP is under preparation and PAP will be compensated and supported as per national legislation and RAP entitlements). 2014-10-23 Rudaki, Teppai 50 PAP comments and concerns and in bracket RU reply Samarkandi and follow up actions:  Access to electricity & drilling of two wells (RU: expected in 2015);  Loan with low interest rate (RU: the banks will be officially approached on this matter);  Allocation of land for the cemetery (RU: expected in 2015);  Farming land and land for business activities (RU: PAP should approach local authority for land allocation for building of outlets (shop) and land for farming (time for consideration is 1 month);  Provision of pensions, financial support for poor and PAP with disabilities (RU: local authorities of old and new sites in collaboration with Ministry of labour, migration and employment of population will address this request. Additionally, a list of vulnerable HHs and PAP is under finalization);  Roads pavimentation and lights (RU: expected in 2015);  Water points (RU: expected in 2015);  Update of the compensation calculated in 2009 to account inflation (RU: all necessary documents prepared and submitted to the State Committee on Investments and the issue should be considered by them);  New schools for 640 and 320 pupils in Teppai Samarkandi and Moinkaj (RU: expected for September 2015);  Pasture land near (5 km) the villages (RU: under consideration). 2014-10-23 Villages of Toichi 1,2,3, 52 PAP comments and concerns and in bracket RU reply Jura Rahmon of and follow up actions: Tursunzoda town  Roads, electricity and wells (RU: expected in 2015 the finalisation of the reconstruction of the temporary road between villages Toychi 1 and 2; the increase of access to the electricity is a prerogative of local authority, PAP will be approached and when possible (as access to electricity is a country level issue), the hours of electricity supply will be increased during the winter time; drilling of one additional well is expected in 2015);  Loan with low interest rate (RU: banks will be officially approached on this matter);  Update of the compensation calculated in 2009 to account inflation (RU: all necessary documents prepared and submitted to the OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 54 State Committee on Investments and the issue should be considered by them)2;  Farming land and land for business activities (RU: PAP should approach local authority for land allocation for building of outlets (shop) and land for farming (time for consideration is 1 month));  Provision of pensions, financial support for poor and PAP with disabilities (RU: local authorities of old and new sites in collaboration with Ministry of labour, migration and employment of population will address this request. Additionally, a list of vulnerable HHs and PAP is under finalization). Source: RU 5.2.1.1 Individual Consultations During the census 2011, individual consultations were held with all affected HH heads (288). A HH questionnaire was used by the field team in order to solicit information on the family composition, the socio-economic situation of the family, identify assets that would be lost, identification of vulnerable people, counting of trees and measurement of agricultural lands, etc. The HH questionnaire that was used is provided in Annex 3. In addition, a socio-economic survey was carried out in the project affected area, covering 288 HHs. During the preparation of the Intermediate HLA in December 2014, 120 HH were interviewed using a survey questionnaire (see Intermediate HLA, Annex 3), with the aim of collecting feedback on the resettlement process. Information was also requested on entitlements, including how much of the compensation had been received to date and how far along each HH was in the construction of their new house. 5.2.1.2 Community Consultations Community consultations were held at all the affected villages through FGDs, which were divided into men, women and youths during the initial sample survey. However, for this RAP two FGDs were held in each village, with the exception of Kishrog and Mirog which were put together due to their proximity and small number of HHs in Mirog. The FGDs in each village had both men and women participants: (i) Sech (Women: 6 and Men: 3); (ii) Talkhakchashma (Women: 14 and Men: 16), (iii) Tagi Agba (Women: 10), (iv) Mirog (Women: 6 and Men: 4), (v) Kishrog (Women: 8 and Men: 12), (vi) Tagi Kamar (Women: 15 and Men: 8) (vii) Chorsada (Women: 10 and Men: 16). Consolidated reports on the Sicharog Jamoat villages and Chorsada village FGDs including names of participants are found in Annex 5. The questions covered in the FGDs are provided in Annex 3. 2 In order to identify the compensation gaps and necessary remedial measures for individual resettled households a full household level survey will be undertaken within the first six months of 2015 (see Intermediate HLA). OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 55 Consultations were also held with host communities and new settlers in the form of FGDs. All new sites with the exception of Chormagzak, which has not been inhabited yet, were covered. The discussions revolved around relationships between the newly resettled people and the host community; availability of social and economic infrastructure and construction status; assistance received from RU and local authority; conditions for livestock and poultry, social networking structure and survival strategies. The number of participants was as follows: (i) Dangara (Men: 13), (ii) Darband (Women: 10), (iii) Tursunzade (Women: 4 and Men: 6), (iv) Rudaki (Women: 2 and Men: 3). Participants and the consultation summaries of host community and new settlers are found in Annex 5. In addition, comprehensive reports on FGD in Chorsada and Sicharog are also in Annex 5. Consultations on the draft RAP were held in 2014 (see Table 5-2) and the final RAP will be disclosed in 2015 (see Table 5-3). 5.2.1.3 Consultation with Government Officials Government officials were consulted during the initial stages of collecting information on the project area. Information on the number of HHs and population on the affected areas was also sought, in addition information on the socio-economic situation of the affected villages and possibility of training of PAPs in livelihood activities; presence of micro-finance institutions were also sought, among others. Consultations included meetings with the RU and their representatives on the ground, especially at the new sites, the Jamoat Chairpersons and staff. At RU headquarters in Dushanbe discussions were held with Director and Vice, Assistant to Director and the Environment and Social Officer. For this RAP, gender and vulnerable groups and livelihood activities were discussed at length. The RU’s involvement in public participation was also discussed. 5.3 Continuation of Public Consultations For the effective implementation of resettlement, consultations with PAPs must continue during the entire project stages. Topics to be included in the consultations should include planning and implementing livelihood income restoration strategies, stressing on activities chosen by PAPs. PAPs should also be consulted on having an NGO competent in legal matters and resettlement, act as Witness and represent them as legal counsel. The organisation of public consultation will be left to the RU. The continued consultations should be organised prior to any further displacement of PAPs. Issues that could be discussed and agreed upon during the continued consultations could include:  Update on project progress, especially resettlement progress. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 56  Compensation and its contents, additional information on when compensation is to be paid, etc. should be displayed on notice boards at the project office, Jamoat or Mahalla’s residence, and conveyed in the different media and posted on the website and at the information centres set up at the different Jamoats within the project area and the new sites’ Jamoats, outside the project area.  All reports, including monitoring and evaluation reports of the project should be made available in local language at the information centres in the Jamoats.  Fine tuning of inclusion of vulnerable groups and making sure they understand the project and their needs are catered for.  Continued consultation to encourage PAPs and their leaders to participate in the project and offer their views on any issues affecting the project. 5.3.1 Public Disclosure As required by the World Bank Safeguard Policies, disclosure of information is important so that all stakeholders including the general public are aware of the project’s progress and development. Disclosure also ensures transparency when planning, implementing and evaluating the project. The RU will disseminate material describing the project to PAPs and other stakeholders. The RAP will be translated into Russian and Tajik and will be made available and accessible to all PAPs and other stakeholders. The RAP will be available for review in publicly available places that are accessible to PAPs at no cost (either direct or indirect). The RAP will also be posted on the project website. Project information centres will be set up. The present RU in Dushanbe will be open to all including journalists and specialists. Staff will be assigned to address day-to-day queries. Information centres will be established in Sicharog and Hakimi Jamoats covering Stage 1 villages. Here copies of the final versions of the RAP in Russian, Tajik and English should be made available to the general public. Other information centres will also be set up at the new relocation sites’ Jamoats, i.e. Rudaki, Tursunzade, Dangara, Darband and Rogun (covering Yoligarmova and Novi Saidon). All these centres will have copies of posters, diagrams, flyers, etc. and the final RAP so that these are all accessible to the public. A communication system will be set up to receive and track all comments, requests for information, and concerns from those visiting the information centers and/or reviewing the disclosed documents from the internet or public spaces (see Chapter 6 on grievances for more). Website information has an extensive reach and the present RU website will include more information of the project in Tajik, Russian and English. The website will also be regularly updated.. The website will also be accessible to an international audience who have an interest in following the development of Rogun HPP. 5.3.2 Planned Consultations In line with the requirements set out by the World Bank, the final version of the RAP will be disclosed to the public with a particular focus on those affected by the project. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 57 The RAP disclosure and other consultation activities for the year 2015 have been listed in Table 5-2. PAP and interested parties will be informed about the date and place of each event and meeting well in advance by the CLO and/or other RU team members. Table 5-3: Rogun HPP Planned Consultations Matrix Type of Tools used Date Location of Stakeholder Matter to be dsclosure Meeting discussed* Village /Jamoat Community  Presentation 1st quarter Old villages and  PAP  RAP disclosure meeting Leaflets 2015 new villages  Village head  NGO Community  Presentation 1st quarter  Rogun  PAP  Tree planting meeting  Leaflets 2015  Tursunzade  Rudaki  Dangara Face to face  Questionnaire & 1st quarter  Rogun  Vulnerable PAP  Updating the list of interview Dataset 2015  Tursunzade vulnerable PAP  Rudaki  Developing the  Dangara action plan to address the needs of vulnerable groups Road show  Brochure & 2015  Rogun  PAP  RAP disclosure CD/VCD  Rogun local and PAP authority consultation  Government of Tajikistan Tour show  Leaflets 2015  Rogun  PAP  Organizing a tour (Quarterly)  Tursunzade  Rogun local to the new villages  Rudaki authority for those who will  Dangara  Authority of new relocate in 2015 to site show the living  Government of conditions of those Tajikistan resettled and the new villages’ infrastructure  Organizing meetings between the head of local council of the new OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 58 Type of Tools used Date Location of Stakeholder Matter to be dsclosure Meeting discussed* Village /Jamoat site and the PAP Traditional Events  Leaflets March  Rogun  Local authority  Support local (Navruz,  Tursunzade  PAP events organisation Tajik new  Rudaki  Mass Media and costing of year)  Contractors events for  Dangara September  Relevant vulnerable HH and (Independe ministries and families nce day) agencies  During the events RU reprehensive will collect PAP comments and concerns about the project and distribute leaflets with information about the project and the RAP Organizing of  Presentation September  Rudaki  Local authority  RU activities annual seminar 2015  RU on activities of RU  PAP  Mass Media  Contractors  Project Institutes  Relevant ministries and agencies Migrants day  Presentation December RU office  Local authority  RU activities and event 2015  RU RAP disclosure  PAP  Mass Media  Contractors  Project Institutes  Relevant ministries and agencies *These actives will be conducted in conjunction with the disclosure and consultation planned in the framework of the LRP. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 59 6 RESETTLEMENT 6.1 PAPs' Options for Relocating Resettlement for Rogun HPP is clearly an involuntary resettlement, since "not to be relocated" is not an option. Still, when it comes to selecting the relocation site, affected HH have various alternatives. First of all, each HH can choose one of the "official" relocation sites described in the section above. There is no decision that any village as a whole will have to be relocated to a specific site. Obviously, HH who wish to preserve their social network among themselves will decide on one site, but in practice it can be seen that HH from one village often chose to move to different host sites. Second, as mentioned above, a community or village can propose an alternative site, and if this is considered as suitable, this site will then be prepared for them. There is a third option. In case a HH decides not to move to any of the places identified as resettlement site, but e.g. to move to a city instead, this is also possible. In this case, they have to sign a statement with RU to that effect. As soon as they have officially registered in the new place, they will then receive their compensation. Control of proper use of this compensation (e.g. for buying an apartment or a house) will then be done by the local authorities, but this will no longer be the responsibility of RU. This option seems to be chosen only exceptionally, in about 1-2% of the cases so far (according to RU, oral comm., 14-02-21). See Chapters 4 and 5 for further information on consultations vis-à-vis the resettlement sites. 6.2 Entitlement An entitlement matrix is included in the Resettlement Policy Framework. An entitlement matrix for Stage 1 resettlement is included below. A few points of specific importance need to be considered:  In principle, people and households that are eligible for compensation and other entitlements under the RAP would be those that were included in the 2011 census, which would mean that anybody who moved to the project area after October 2011 would not be entitled to compensation and other entitlements.  However, the long time between the cut-off date and the implementation of the RAP is not in compliance with OP 4.12, therefore the data of the census of all affected HH that was undertaken in 2011 was updated in December 2014 using a survey questionnaire.  As noted earlier, there has been a long-standing ban on the construction of new structures and/or rehabilitation of existing structures (including houses) in the entire project area (construction area and reservoir). The ban has led to the deterioration of homes and, in part, the existence of multi-family households as new families have been unable to establish separate homes. The RAP provides OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 60 for compensation for impacts of the housing ban in the form of separate house plots for families.  While land is owned by the state the Land Code provides users rights including to lease, inherit, or mortgage the land. The State can withdraw land in a number of cases including for state and public need. In these cases compensation is required including the provision of replacement land of equal value following the legal application process.  Squatters: the law in vigour has no provision for such cases, and according to information obtained by RU no such cases have occurred in practice so far. Since people have to apply for land, and do not have to buy it, such cases seem to be very rare, if any. However, if such a case would arise, the person would be compensated for owned assets (e.g. trees planted on public land), but not for the land. They may also apply for agricultural land. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 61 Table 6-1: Entitlement Matrix Assets Affected Persons Proposed Entitlements Houses and other HH in possession of a Cash compensation for house at replacement cost. structures house and other structures. (Replacement cost is the market cost of the materials to build a replacement structure with an area and quality equivalent to the affected structure, or to repair a partially affected structure, plus the cost of transporting building materials to the construction site, plus the cost of any labour and contractors' fees, plus the cost of any registration and transfer taxes. ) Compensation paid in tranches. (Payment in tranches is used to ensure that the money is spent on house construction). Salvaged materials from original house and/or other structures. Compensation for houses and structures will be paid based on a valuation undertaken no more than 12 months prior to payment. Vulnerable* HH in Cash compensation for house at replacement cost. (see entitlements for ‘Houses and other structures’ above for possession of a house details on replacement cost) The jamoat will organize the provision of labour and will monitor the construction of the house. * see definition in Chapter 3 Compensation given to jamoat to construct house for vulnerable household. Houses for HH with disabled persons will be built so as to facilitate mobility. Salvaged materials from original house and/or other structures. Compensation for houses and structures will be paid based on a valuation undertaken no more than 12 months prior to payment. House plot HH in possession of a HH receive a house plot at a resettlement site which, due to productivity, location, and other factors, is equivalent house on a house plot with to the land taken and is acceptable to the HH. certificate HHs receive land user rights certificates for new house plots and other necessary documents at no extra cost to the HH. – House plots given to the resettled people in Tursunzade, Dangara, Novi Saidon, Yoligarmova, and Rogun are 800 m2 whereas house plots in Rudaki are 1000 m2. HHs are provided with sufficient information on the range of options of resettlement sites – including livelihood options at resettlement sites - to allow them to make an informed choice of where they would like to resettle. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 62 Assets Affected Persons Proposed Entitlements HHs in possession of a Cash compensation calculated based on the market price of lost land according to legislation. house on a house plot with certificate whose land in size, productivity, location and other factors is not equivalent to the replacement land HHs in possession of a Compensation for structures. house on a house plot They will be given land following application according to the legal procedure. without certificate Families affected by the A house plot measuring 800 m2 or 1000 m2 depending on where they choose to relocate. ban on construction of (House plots in Tursunzade, Dangara, Novi Saidon, Yoligarmova, and Rogun are 800 m 2 whereas house plots in houses. Rudaki are 1000 m2.) Families receive land user rights certificates and other necessary documents at no extra cost. Agricultural Land PAPs with agricultural land Replacement of agricultural land,(including dekhan farm and presidential land etc., as per the land code) whose productivity, location, and other factors are equivalent to the land taken and is acceptable to the PAPs. HHs are provided with sufficient information on the range of options of resettlement sites – including livelihood options at resettlement sites - to allow them to make an informed choice of where they would like to resettle. RU to support PAPs in preparing and submitting applications for agricultural land . All fees for application of agricultural land to be waived. HHs receive land user rights certificates and other necessary documents for agricultural land at no extra cost to the HH. Agricultural land to be available to PAPs prior to physical displacement. Pasture land All PAPs using pasture Replacement of pasture and/or hay land to be provided prior to physical displacement. land. HHs are provided with sufficient information on the range of options of resettlement sites – including availability of pasture land and hay land and livelihood options at resettlement sites - to allow them to make an informed choice of where they would like to resettle. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 63 Assets Affected Persons Proposed Entitlements Transport Allowance All HHs Free transport for HHs. All movable assets, including salvaged materials from original house transported at project’s cost. Crop loss All PAPs with crops Cash for lost agricultural crops at market rate for 1 year. Cash worked out based on average yearly production of the crop lost. Fruit Trees All PAPs who own such Cash for fruit trees based on actual number of fruit trees per HH and annual harvest per tree for the number of trees years until harvest will be replaced by new trees planted at the new site. Other trees All PAPs who own such For mature trees: trees Right to use the timber of all trees owned by HH, or cash compensation for the value of timber. .Cash for seedlings for planting new trees. For immature trees: Right to use the timber of all trees and cash for seedlings for planting new trees. Community/Public Assets Community Replacement of all social, cultural and economic infrastructures at new sites by project. Graveyards Community Relocation, if required. Livelihoods Employees at Rogun HP Rogun employment: Civil servants Fortnight shifts to continue at present income. Continued employment at Rogun HPP. Civil servants: Civil servants like teachers, health workers to be transferred to same institutions in new settlement district or jamoat. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 64 Assets Affected Persons Proposed Entitlements Other livelihoods Participation in livelihood restoration activities (see Section 6.3 for details). Categories of support will include:  Upgrading skills: for example improved agricultural practices, financial literacy, business development, etc.  Provision of new skills: for example - sewing, baking, carpentry, driving, financial literacy, business development, entrepreneurship, etc.  Job placement: for job opportunities at Rogun, for job opportunities in other industries/areas.  Support for livelihoods: for example, micro-credit, low-cost loans, seed grants for entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship training (for indirect opportunities at Rogun and other industries).  Preferential Credit of TJS 3'000 (TJS 1,500 to be repaid in three years) provided to each family. Vulnerable PAPs As above with specialized attention to:  Groups at risk of being excluded from livelihood restoration activities (even when they will lose livelihoods)  Individuals who may require customized approaches to livelihood programs such as the disabled and the elderly.  HHs living in extreme poverty  Priority consideration for project related employment. All affected HHs Persons who lose their job due to relocation and who are looking for a new job will be paid the minimum salary for a period of up to 3 months, with the additional possibility to get training for alternative activities for a period of up to another 6 months, during which the same amount will be paid. This also applies to persons who had a different income stream and/or are seeking employment now. TJS 100/household head and TJS 50/person as a transitional and moving allowance. Settlement utilities and Affected villages Reconstruction of all social, economic and cultural infrastructure, for example water supply, health centres, public infrastructure education facilities, markets, roads and paths, electricity lines, etc. Connection to utilities without cost to the PAP. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 65 Assets Affected Persons Proposed Entitlements Other assistance Vulnerable as defined in Relocation assistance (packing, unpacking) and assistance salvaging material. Chapter 3 Female-headed HHs, widows, etc. (See Chapter 3 for details) All PAPs A Witness NGO will be selected to monitor the compensation and resettlement process to ensure that the RAP is implemented properly. All PAPs Legal counsel will be provided for the PAPs at no cost to the PAPs. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 66 6.3 Grievance Procedure 6.3.1 Grievance Redress Mechanism There will be three steps in the process of addressing complaints. Every affected person has the right to lodge a complaint when dissatisfied with any aspect of the resettlement process. The grievance redress mechanism may accommodate complaints, concerns and even questions about the RAP implementation. Complaints may affect individuals and/or communities. The present practice is a one instance mechanism with the RU dealing with complaints. A journal of complaints and registration of claims by PAPs exists at the Department of Resettlement within the RU. The RU representatives at the new relocation sites are the ones appointed to review complaints and claims at each new site, while Heads of the Directorate have specific defined days to receive citizens with their complaint and claims issues. In addition, a telephone line is open to receive complaints and issues the whole day. (24 hours). Complaints and grievances may occur due to disagreement in compensation amounts, land allocation, or other issues connected with the resettlement process. Principles guiding the implementation of the Grievance Mechanism are as follows:  The Resettlement Unit will promote the existence and use of the Grievance Mechanism by disseminating information to PAPs using a range of media and community-level outreach through the course of the implementation of the RAP.  PAPs will have numerous ways to raise grievances including by telephone (24 hour line), letter, in person or through an intermediary. Intermediaries may include civil society organizations and community leaders.  Complainants will be guaranteed confidentiality (as is practical) and will be allowed to submit complaints anonymously (through suggestions boxes, for example) if necessary.  All complainants will receive, as requested, legal counsel to provide them with advice on their complaints. The costs of the legal counsel will be paid for by the Resettlement Unit.  Complainants will be provided with prompt feedback on the status of their complaints, within a time-frame specified below.  All complaints will be documented and records maintained in both paper and electronic form. Complainants and the Resettlement Unit will retain documents related to complaints.  The Resettlement Unit will provide quarterly feedback to the PAPs including: the numbers and types of complaints received, the rates of resolutions, trends in complaints, changes made in resettlement activities as a response to complaints, etc.  Complainants will be free to use the court system at any point in the grievance process. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 67 First Step: Grievances will be lodged at the village level, with the village head (rais). Together with staff of the Resettlement Unit the grievance will be investigated as necessary to determine the details of the complaint. After the investigation, and after no more than 14 days, the village head together with staff of the Resettlement Unit as necessary will attempt to resolve the complaint. Village elders and a Mahalla member may also be called upon to help settle the problem. If a resolution satisfactory to all parties is not resolved within 14 days, the complainant will be directed to the next step. All resolutions should be documented and the results shared with the complainant. Second Step: The District Jamoat Head will work to resolve the complaint together with staff of the Resettlement Unit as necessary. The representative of the jamoat will be from the same jamoat as the claimant. At the second level, a committee for resolving grievances will be set up depending on the nature of the complaint. The members may include (as relevant to the nature of the complaint):  Jamoat Head or Jamoat representative  Legal Counsel for PAPs  Representative for Land tenure, Geodesy and Mapping  Representative of Rogun HPP  Representative of State Committee of Investments  Vulnerable Group representative  Women’s Council representative  PAP representative, among others. Should the complainant not be satisfied with the outcome at the second step and still wish to lodge a complaint, then the next stage will be the Legal Court. If a resolution satisfactory to all parties is not resolved within 30 days, the complainant will be directed to the next step. All resolutions should be documented and the results shared with the complainant. Third Step: Law Court. The RU will pay the PAPs legal fees. It is hoped that most disputes will be solved at the first instance, the village level where most PAPs know each other and those who know the rules can explain to those who still have not grasped them. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 68 First Step: Investigation and mediation at village level (mahalla rais) if not successful Second Step: District Jamoat leads resolution process, Grievance committee convened if not successful Third Step: court of law according to Tajikistan laws with legal representation of PAPs; PAP can go to the court at any point in the grievance process. Figure 6-1: Grievance processing mechanism 6.3.2 Relying on Local Mechanisms as First Step In such compensation and resettlement operations, many grievances take root in misunderstandings that usually can be solved through mediation using local mechanisms. Most grievances can be resolved with additional explanation efforts and limited mediation. A first step mechanism is aimed at the amicable settlement of disputes. When an aggrieved person presents a grievance or complaint to the rais, he and his assistants will seek settlement using first the mechanisms available in the community. These mechanisms use well laid down rules known to all and are considered binding by the villagers. Community leaders typically and rightfully play an important role in achieving settlements acceptable to all parties. Normally disputes or grievances are solved at the village level. 6.3.3 Second Step When a settlement cannot be reached at the First Step level, the second step mechanism is triggered: amicable settlement under the auspices of the Grievance Committee (GC) in the presence of Legal Counsel . The GC will consist of the members shown in section 3.14.1 above. It is paramount that the GC members are representative of all segments of the community, including women and vulnerable groups, so at least a third of its members must be female. The mediation meetings are organised with the interested parties. Minutes of meetings will be recorded. 6.3.4 Third Instance: Appeal to Law Court In accordance with international standards, every individual has the right to access a court of law to lodge complaints and petitions. Appeal to the Court will be through normal jurisdiction. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 69 6.3.5 Roles and responsibilities The RU Director will be charged with the overall management of the grievance redress mechanism. The day-to-day management of the grievance mechanism will be the responsibility of the Community Liaison Officer in Dushanbe. This will include monitoring grievances, identifying trends, and recommending necessary changes to RAP implementation. At the community level, representatives of the Resettlement Unit, district level Community Liaison Officers, together with local authorities (as indicated above) will work together to ensure effective communication with complainants and PAPs in general, thorough investigation of complaints, and resolution of complaints. A detailed terms of reference will be prepared prior to the implementation of the RAP. 6.4 Livelihood Restoration The Resettlement Unit will prepare a detailed Livelihood Restoration Plan through which they will, among other things:  Identify and detail the income sources and livelihoods of affected households.  Assess the livelihood needs and aspirations of affected households.  Identify existing programs (both governmental and non-governmental) in the vicinity of the resettlement sites that are able to support livelihood restoration activities. Assessments of existing trainings offered by Jamoats and the Ministry of Labour may be required.  Coordinate the provision of, and develop, additional programs that can support livelihood restoration and enhance incomes of PAPs.  Monitor the impacts of the livelihood restoration activities. In its preparation of a Livelihood Restoration Plan the Resettlement Unit will:  Acknowledge the diverse livelihood strategies of the affected households, including income streams generated by women.  Take into account the requests made by PAPs during the course of the past and continuing consultations (see Chapter 3).  Recognize the challenges of vulnerable households in establishing and sustaining livelihoods.  Pay attention to the challenging economic environment and the need for sustainable approaches to livelihood restoration.  Recognize livelihood challenges that may be faced in households where men have migrated to seek labor opportunities elsewhere (including challenges faced by women left behind who may not have independent income streams, may not have decision-making power over remittances, and/or may need support in managing resources). In addition, the Livelihood Restoration Plan will include activities aimed at: OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 70  Building, upgrading, and/or refreshing skills in a range of relevant areas. This will include providing training on new skills for farming as relevant.  Placing workers in jobs, including but not limited to jobs at the Rogun HPP.  Preparing workers, especially the youth for downstream job opportunities (both direct and indirect) at the Rogun HPP. This will increase the possibility of PAPs getting jobs during the construction of the Rogun HPP.  Supporting entrepreneurs through relevant training and providing support for entrepreneurial activities through the provision of seed capital, matching grants, micro-credit, etc. In this regard, the Plan will highlight needs and aspirations already expressed such as: specific training for women with the aim of developing income-earning activities. These are mainly sewing and embroidery, and cooking for opening small restaurants. Once the construction process will be resumed, and brought up to full scale, a large number of jobs will be created. It is important, that PAPs (not limited to Stage 1 village inhabitants) will get the possibility to get jobs there, to the extent possible. The Livelihood Restoration Plan will also note that special provisions are in place for workers at the Rogun HPP. After relocation, they will work with a system of 2 weeks on, 2 weeks off, transport being provided by Rogun HPP. In addition, public servants (e.g. teachers) will be offered the same type of job in the new location. In case a person loses the job due to relocation and is looking for another job at the new site, the regional office of the Ministry of Labour will provide support for finding a new position. During the search this person will receive the minimum salary (which is 150 TJS in 2014, but is adapted every year according to inflation). If no suitable job can be found, Ministry of Labour offers training courses, at no costs to applicants, for alternative activities which last for 3 to 6 months. During this time, the applicant will continue to receive the minimum monthly salary. If a person refuses to accept any job offered to him/her during this period, payment will be discontinued. This service is also available for people who did not have a salaried job before, but are in search of such a job now (e.g. young people entering professional life or people who so far had a different income stream, like e.g. agriculture, and want to change to another income generating activity). If monitoring determines that the minimum wage allowance is not sufficient to support HH to at least the same level as prior to the move, additional support will be provided. The Livelihood Restoration Plan will be prepared as early as possible so that implementation of the Plan coincides with the implementation of the RAP and, where necessary, precedes it. The Livelihood Restoration Plan will be developed specifically for Stage 1, however, as noted in the RPF, Livelihood Restoration Plans for subsequent resettlement (in Stage 2) will also need to be prepared. Given the ongoing Stage 1 resettlement, the preparation of the Livelihood Restoration Plan for Stage 1 should be prepared in a period of approximately six months. The preparation and management of the Livelihood Restoration Plan will be managed by a Program Manager (see Chapter 7) with support from other relevant RU staff such as the Resettlement Officers, the Gender Specialist, the Community Liaison Officer, etc. As part of the relocation process, outreach to PAPs is necessary to ensure that they are making informed decisions about where to relocate. This is particularly important in the OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 71 case of agriculture and related activities. The original sites in the Rogun HPP project area are not very suitable for agriculture (limited availability of suitable soils, difficult climatic conditions, no or only small scale irrigation); on the other hand, this area was suitable for livestock (mainly cattle), with livestock husbandry on a low intensity level, based mainly on pasture. Pasture is readily available in this area, since basically all the land outside of settlements and not used for agriculture can be used as pasture (see ESIA Main Report, Chapter 9). The situation is basically the same for those people who relocate within the project area (Novi Saidon, Yoligarmova), where sufficient pasture land is available for continuing livestock husbandry in the same way. However, it is quite different in the new locations in the plain (Dangara, Tursunzade, Rudaki), which are agricultural areas. There, good land is available, with irrigation systems in place, for agriculture, however, pasture land is scarce and, if at all available, in a considerable distance to the new settlements. It is difficult or even impossible to continue, at these new sites, with the traditional form of livestock husbandry. People are to be made aware of this situation prior to selection of the resettlement site. The Resettlement Unit will be responsible for the preparation and implementation of the Livelihood Restoration Plan. A Program Manager for Livelihood Restoration (see Chapter 7 for more details) will be included as staff. Given the scale of economic displacement external consultants will be hired to support the development and implementation of the Livelihood Restoration Plan. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 72 7 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT Rogun OJSC is the developer and as such will be responsible for building the dam during the different stages. Due to Rogun HPP, the Resettlement Unit was set up to deal with resettlement in coordination with other government ministries and agencies. 7.1 The Resettlement Unit (RU) The Rogun Resettlement Unit (RU), officially known as the “Directorate of the flooding area of Rogun HPP”, is an independent organisation directly under the Republic of Tajikistan, i.e. reporting directly to the President. Previously, till the end of the civil war, it was a division of Rogun HPP Open Joint Stock Company (Rogun OJSC). 7.1.1 The Activities of RU The RU is a public institution specifically dealing with resettlement for Rogun HPP which is implemented under the Land Code, the Law on Migration (National Resettlement Policy, No. 467 of 1 October 2008), and the Rogun Resettlement Law (Resolution 47 of January 2009); see Annex 6 for Full text of the two latter texts. The role of RU and its cooperation with other agencies is specified in the “Operational Procedure of the Directorate on Relocation” (see Annex 7.1). The very existence of the RU is due to the construction of the Rogun HPP and the need to resettle populations of Rogun City and Nurobod District from the “flooding zones”. Activities of RU include:  Receipt and deal with complaints and claims of PAPs. These are taken care of by RU representatives at the new relocation sites.  In cooperation with local executive bodies of the state, the relevant ministries and agencies, records are kept of houses, HH plots and other farm settlers, data collected on farms, families and communities that are to be relocated (a House passport exists with this information). In addition, all public buildings and social infrastructure records are kept; records of graves, historical and archaeological sites and monuments are also kept and made available to the RU.  RU assists people in the selection of land for new resettlement, lets PAPs construct own houses according to set project design; lets local authorities resolve issues related to employment of PAPs, placement of their children in schools, kindergartens and other social issues.  In cooperation with local government authorities and relevant agencies and the RU, issuance of lump sum to migrants in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan; provision of transport of PAPs and their effects to new residence sites at the expense of state budget; compensate PAPs based on records kept at the district level, Jamoat representatives, HH heads and other organs have participated in the provision of information.  Together with the Jamoats, collects data on registration of farms, families, etc. and the Jamoats define the following: number of employable people, the vulnerable population, the number of administrative blocks, social infrastructure, etc.; all data that is presented to the RU; and with Jamoats RU conducts information campaigns on resettlement policy for migrants. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 73  The participation of Jamoat representatives, the State Unitary Enterprise and house owners, valuation of houses, farms and HHs are made and 2 copies of technical data sheets of effects of owners are submitted to the RU.  Reviewing and negotiating market prices for compensation of PAPs’ properties, this is done by a panel made up of representatives of Ministries of Finance, Labour and Social Protection, State Committee of Investments and State Property Management, RU and local authorities of Rogun City and Nurobod District. RU receives the documents determining the final compensation price of residential houses and other effects of PAPs.  The reburial of graves with the coordination of entities responsible for this, e.g. the council of Ulama, Orthodox Church, Jamoats, and population affected. In addition, the population actively participates in determining the historical, archaeological and memorial places, graves and land for the reburials. The reburial of graves is carried out with the participation of religious leaders and public following the set customs and rituals. All this is paid by the state budget.  RU ensures that the Committee of Emergency Situations and the Civil Defence provides tents as temporary houses, should this be required by PAPs. Though performed by specific actors who have the main responsibility, RU is involved as all these activities which fall under resettlement as stipulated in Resolution 47. 7.1.2 Present Structure of RU The present structure of RU is three-pronged, with the Director as Head and having both a Vice Director for engineering and another Vice Director for the social and environmental issues. The third arm is the Assistant to the director who oversees the Accounting Department and Human Resources. The first Vice Director oversees the Environment and Social Department, the Procurement Department and the Internal Services Department. The second Vice Director overseas all the engineering aspects, under him are the Construction Department, Technical Department and the Department of Contracts and Payments. He is therefore in charge of ensuring that all works contracted out for infrastructure construction at the new sites are done to the agreed standards. The various ministries for the infrastructure (roads, water, energy, education, health) also ensure that standards are met. Linking the three arms are the representatives of the RU on the ground, located in Rudaki, Tursunzade, Dangara, Nurobod and in Rogun. It has field offices (Construction Department in the host areas, Environmental and Social Department in the districts or settlements to be relocated). The existing organisation structure of RU is shown in following Figure. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 74 Figure 7-1: Organisation of Rogun Resettlement Unit OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 75 7.1.3 Additional Staffing In the implementation of this RAP additional capacity will be provided to the RU as noted below. The following roles will be included in the Resettlement Unit to support the implementation of this RAP. Community Liaison Officer The CLO will have the main duty of actively communicating with the PAPs and other stakeholders (mainly also including host communities) by providing information, receiving comments and complaints, and proactively engaging in exchange with all parties involved. In a first stage this can be one person (with frequent and regular presence in the different sites), but in the long run it will probably be required to have at least one person in each of the resettlement villages. The CLO should have good communication skills. They should also be sensitive to women and vulnerable families. They will consult with the village representatives and PAPs and will be the community development facilitator. Monitoring and Evaluation Officers The M&E Officer will be tasked with undertaking internal monitoring of the resettlement activities. Monitoring will be based on a database for socio-economic and demographic data and will maintain the database in cooperation with Jamoats. The database will be for registered PAPs, resettlement and compensation entitlements and status of resettlement and compensation delivery. Resettlement Officers (RO) RU already has ROs at the relocation sites. They are responsible for managing construction activities at the new villages (roads, schools and other buildings, electricity and water supply systems). They also serve as a point of contact for the PAPs. Besides capacity in engineering and construction management, these offices also need to have specialists in community liaison and livelihood restoration. Program Manager - Livelihood Restoration The Program manager will manage the livelihood restoration elements of the RAP (and here again, depending on the development of the situation, additional staff in this capacity). The main tasks of the Program Manager will be to develop a plan for livelihood restoration and in its implementation (see Chapter 6), coordinate efforts done by Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Agriculture and other entities, identification of PAP's needs and development of additional livelihood restoration measures as may be required, and monitoring of livelihood restoration measures in collaboration with the monitoring and evaluation specialist. Given the scale of economic displacement external consultants will be required to support the development and implementation of the Livelihood Restoration Plan. In addition, additional staff will work with the Program Manager. A Gender Specialist The Gender/Social and Environmental Unit of the RU may need to streamline gender into its operations. It is not enough that the Jamoats “normally deal with gender”; gender OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 76 has to be an ingrained aspect in the RU and all agencies and organs dealing with resettlement. It should also not be seen as referring only to women but both male and female. An external gender specialist may have to be contracted to give the unit staff some training. In addition, the RU shall include in its staffing an individual with experience working with vulnerable groups including the identification, consultation, follow-up on requirements for special assistance. 7.2 Supporting Entities 7.2.1 Legal Counsel Legal Counsel will be made available to PAPs. The Legal Counsel will undertake all legal work necessary for effective representation of the interest of PAPs with regard to compensation for lost land and assets as per the entitlement matrix. Services will also include legal advice and counselling on individual contract negotiations, value of assets as some individuals might query compensation amount given for their assets and will want legal advice; grievance process and advise village/community should disputes arise with host community. Legal counsel will need to exchange information with RU staff in villages and districts who will be aware of individuals with grievances at village level. The role of legal counsel will include:  To be available to advise the PAPs on compensation, resettlement and land allocation matters;  To take care of disputes that arise by representing PAPs at the Grievance Council;  To provide advice to complainants when amicable grievance settlement fails and matters have to go to the third steps (courts). 7.2.2 Witness NGO The role of monitoring the fairness of the whole process, especially the payment of compensations to PAPs, will be assigned to an NGO. The selection process will have to be transparent, and conflict of interest will have to be avoided. A multi-stakeholder working group, including representatives of the PAPs, may be required for accompanying the recruitment process. The NGO will observe the resettlement and compensation exercise. The Witness NGO will prepare a monthly report on its activities and this will be made public. The objective of having a Witness NGO is to have an independent observer witness the relocation, compensation and resettlement process throughout the duration of the RAP implementation. This is in order to verify the compliance of RAP implementation with Rogun HPP commitments. 7.3 Coordination with Other Agencies The present structure of RU is linked to all ministries and government agencies that have a role to play in resettlement of PAPs of Rogun Town and Nurobod Rayon. The OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 77 different actors’ roles are spelt out in the Resolution No. 47, dated 20th January 2009. Though these actors are not housed in the RU, their interaction with RU is unavoidable. The actors are the following:  Ministry of Finance: The provider of funds from the set government budget with regard to construction of dwellings and allowance for the different HH members, and funds for privileged credit for the PAPs. The same ministry will transfer funds to PAP’s accounts set up at the State Savings Bank, Amonatbonk. In agreement with PAPs the bank will remind PAPs of repayment of 50% of preferential loan taken.  Ministry of Energy: The main client as the dam will be generating electricity and the MOE is responsible for the policies and guidelines for energy.  Barki Tojik: This is an Open Joint Stock Holding Company. It will ensure that, in compliance with the set standards, it provides the technical requirements to clients wishing to be connected to electricity. It is also responsible for ensuring that power lines to new sites are set up and connected to HHs and other facilities as required.  Rogun HPP: This is the open stock company and the project developer. A newly established unit, the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) is in charge of developing the project. While it is due to this project that the present RU exists, as explained above RU is an independent organisation, with its own budget. Nevertheless, the Director of RU (and other RU staff as may be required) regularly participates in PIU meetings. In this way it is ascertained that the required coordination between the technical project and resettlement is maintained. This will be of prime importance as soon as the construction work for Rogun HPP will start since resettlement will have to be done in close coordination with project progress, and, as a matter of fact, always a step ahead of the construction project.  Ministry of Labour and Social Protection (MLSP): This ministry together with the State committee on Investments and State Property Management ensures employment of migrants, investment programmes and identifies cost of houses and other property of resettled families and provides full compensation to Rogun HPP which in turn pays the compensation funds to the PAPs’ accounts. This ministry together with the Jamoats, at the district level, also keeps records of houses of HHs and their farms. It also places vulnerable groups.  Ministry of Transport and Communications, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Internal Affairs: These collaborate and assist the resettlers in transportation of PAPs and their property, ensure the PAPs’ safe movement to their new relocation sites and also ensure the PAPs get medical assistance and certificates. In addition, MOH monitors constantly the health status of PAPs and prevents the emergence of communicable diseases.  Ministry of Irrigation and Water resources: Together with Hojagii Manzilisho Communali, is to ensure that drinking water supply lines are installed and that the trunk lines are connected to HH and to land plots.  Ministry of Agriculture: This ministry is to assist in ensuring that employment of PAPs occurs, especially with regard to investment programmes in the OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 78 agricultural sector. As most of the rural population are engaged in agriculture, together with the Chairmen of Khatlon Oblast, Rogun and Tursunzade towns, Nurobod, Rudaki and Dangara Rayons PAPs’ engagement in agriculture using modern techniques can and should secure food security.  Jamoats: These are the local executive authorities at the districts. They cooperate with ministries and government agencies in collecting data on registration of citizens and this is in the Jamoat Book. In addition, records on the number of villages, population, the vulnerable groups, employable population in the district, the administrative buildings, and education and communication infrastructures, etc. can all be found at the Jamoat. The Jamoat also can track the historical and archaeological sites; knows where the grave sites for villages are found; can select land that is available for resettlers and is also useful in disseminating information on resettlement policy to the affected persons.  The State Unitary Enterprise (“Hojagii Manziliu Comunali”): This is the State Committee for Investments and State Property Management. It evaluates individual houses and land, buildings, apartments and state companies. It also keeps technical inventory of affected assets, of engineering networks and it registers and prepares ownership certificates for immovable assets. It therefore valuates property of the affected persons that are to resettle, with the participation of the Jamoat representatives and the HH head or house owner. It also prepares the technical data sheets of houses, farms and other property that the resettlers shall receive compensation for. The project will ensure the timely payment of complete compensation to the PAPs.  The Agency for Construction and Architecture: This is to conduct constant monitoring of construction of structures and dwellings for PAPs based on the development project, here inclusive of Rogun HPP with regard to PAPs’ new dwellings at the new sites. This agency also maps the land plots allotted to PAPs.  The Agency for Land Management, Geodesy and Cartography: This is the main agency for land management and on the basis of the Land Code and other laws and regulations; it allocates land plots for resettlement. It also determines, together with other ministries and agencies, where social facilities will be constructed. It will also acquire land as required for the state and allocate new land plots. It prepares and issues land use right certificates and registers changes of land user, among others. The entire Resolution No. 47 dated 20 January 2009 is attached in Annex 6.1 while the National Resettlement Policy is in Annex 6.2 giving details of roles of the state ministries and agencies in voluntary resettlement. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 79 8 RESETTLEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION 8.1 Scope and Special Conditions As noted earlier, this Resettlement Action Plan has been prepared for Stage 1 resettlement. Details on the description of Stage 1 and the background on resettlement is in Chapter 1. RAP implementation will have to consist in the following:  continuation of the work of RU; and  implementation of additional measures identified where a change in practice, or new activities are required to reach full compliance with OP 4.12. Measures to reach full compliance for PAPs that have already been resettled will be detailed in the Resettlement Audit. The following sections provide a list of the main activities to be undertaken. The guiding principles for this resettlement plan are those set forth by the applicable World Bank policy (OP 4.12), whose overall objectives are the following: (a) Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs. (b) Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. (c) Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. The main aims of the resettlement plan are the following:  To offer fair and prompt compensation for structures at replacement value to all persons or HHs affected by Stage 1 resettlement..  To make in-kind compensation (land for land, house for house).  To at least restore PAPs economic condition to pre-resettlement level or whenever possible, to improve it; this could also include the development of alternative livelihood strategies for selected HHs, as long as they are ready to accept such development.  To maintain the social structure and networks of the affected communities, as much as possible. Therefore, while the RAP aims at least at restoring the pre-project conditions for the affected households and communities, and at bringing some improvement in the overall situation wherever possible, its objective is clearly not to force the local population to accept any major change in their life style. Where development triggered by the project takes place, it should be gradual and in line with the perceived needs, the capabilities and the aspirations of the population. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 80 8.2 Coordination with Civil Works 8.2.1 Relocation of Villages All villages in Stage 1 will be resettled as they are located within the construction site for dam and power house or lie at a low elevation, which will be submerged as soon as impoundment will start (villages located in the so-called "risk zone"). Coordination with civil works has to be seen under two different aspects, namely:  coordination with the work in progress for the construction of Rogun HPP, and  coordination with civil work for preparation of the infrastructure in the new relocation villages. There is no ongoing construction work of Rogun HPP, but civil works for the infrastructure in the resettlement villages is underway (see Chapter 3 and 11). 8.3 Environmental Concerns and Environmental Management The relocation of villages that would most likely result in increased pressure on schools, health centres, etc. have been catered for by this project. The new sites have been prepared with additional schools, markets, health centres, water, electricity and other necessary infrastructure. The approach that has been used so far in preparation and construction of the new relocation sites is commendable. Even plans for planting of trees have been factored in. The preparation of a new site for resettlement does not require an EIA to be prepared. However, the sites identified and under development until now do not raise any environmental concerns. Some main points:  Land and natural habitats: the locations are chosen in places which are already developed and used for agriculture (including irrigation systems) and/or pasture, and where sufficient land is available for additional inhabitants. No "development" of natural areas.  Water: depending on site, water supply, for irrigation as well as for drinking water, is done in different ways. It can either be from mountain streams (as in Yoligarmova and Novi Saidon), from groundwater (as in Tursunzade and Rudaki) or from a river (as in Dangara). The HH in general use pit latrines, domestic waste water does not reach surface water courses.  Interaction with host communities: one important measure for reducing the potential of conflicts arising between newcomers and the host population is the fact that host populations get benefits from the resettlement activities, like e.g. improved access roads, possibility to use schools and health infrastructure in the new villages, etc. Plans for consultations during RAP implementation include host communities (see Chapter 5 for details). OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 81 8.4 Compensation 8.4.1 Main Compensation Package Compensation for assets is determined by means of the "house passport". This document, which is prepared and presented to PAPs and signed by both parties (RU and head of affected HH) contains the following:  House plot: o Compensation here is in kind – land for land. The PAPs will receive a house plot in the chosen resettlement site. Location of replacement house plot will be at the determination of the PAP. PAPs will be provided with comprehensive information about the advantages and disadvantages of the resettlement sites including the size of the plots (all except Rudaki are 800m2 and Rudaki is 1000m2), the availability of agricultural and pasture land. Additional information on the resettlement sites (location, socio- economic environment, etc.) will also be provided to PAPs. o If there are more than one families in one HH (see discussion on housing ban in Chapter 4) and they wish to separate, one land plot is allocated to each family. House plots are allocated in a lottery. Therefore, plots of families from one original HH are usually not located next to each other. However, where possible, related family members may request and be allocated house plots next to each other. Alternatively PAPs have the possibility to change plots with other PAPs if they wish. There is no obligation to actually build a house on each plot. If families chose to stay together, they can do so, and they then still have the additional land which they can use. This practice is seen as compensation for the consequences of the ban on housing construction. o PAPs will be provided with legal user rights documents.  House and other structures: o Compensation for houses and other structures will be at replacement cost (see entitlement matrix, Chapter 6 for definition of replacement cost). The house is inventoried and its value is assessed. o Houses and structures as will be valued in accordance with procedures defined in the national law, based on market cost for the material required for replacing them, and the cost of labour will be determined based on an assessment of wages at the time of compensation. o Costs are determined based on the time the asset is being replaced. In cases where valuations have been undertaken more than 12 months to the date of compensation, the costs will be recalculated to account for inflation. o PAPs are entitled to salvage material from the original house. o Cash compensation as described above will be paid in three tranches. The first tranche of 30% will be made when housing construction begins, further payments will be made in accordance with progress in house construction. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 82  Agricultural and Pasture Land o PAPs are entitled to agricultural land to replace what has been acquired. Land should be equivalent to the land taken due to productivity, location, and other factors, and should be acceptable to the PAPs. o Agricultural land will be available to PAPs prior to physical displacement. o HHs will be provided with sufficient information on the range of options of resettlement sites—including availability of agricultural land and pasture land—to allow them to make an informed choice of where they would like to resettle. o All PAPs are entitled to receive agricultural land if they wish so. To receive such land, PAPs are required to follow an application process. Information on the process for applying for agricultural land will be disseminated widely amongst PAPs and the RU will facilitate the process for applicants providing assistance where necessary. o Each HH with access to pasture land that makes an informed choice to move to a resettlement site with access to pasture land will be able to access the pasture land. o In the resettlement areas (especially in Dangara and Tursunzade) agricultural land is available, which is of much better quality than what can be found in the project area; irrigation systems are in place. o Yoligarmova and Novi Saidon have pasture, however in Tursunzade and Dangara pasture land is lacking or can be had only in larger distances to the villages (10 and up to 20 km away). Mountain pastures are common property, there are no private pastures or exclusive use rights.  Trees: o Fruit tree compensation will be per tree based on the average annual harvest per tree for the number of years until harvest will be replaced by new trees planted at the new site, and the average market price of the fruit. o Other trees compensation will be based on the value of the timber, including the right to use the timber by the PAPs. Cash compensation for planting new trees will be provided.  Utilities and community infrastructure: o Compensation for basic infrastructure including the roads within the settlement, drainage, connection to the electricity grid, supply of drinking water (this latter usually in the form of one stand pipe per two houses), etc. will be on the basis of replacement utilities, connections, and infrastructure at the resettlement site. 8.4.2 Disturbance and Moving Allowance: Each HH in the affected villages will receive a lumpsum moving allowance of 50 TJS per person and 100 TJS for the household head. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 83 8.4.3 Agricultural Crops  Fields cultivated at the old site can be harvested before the PAPs leave the area, and in parallel to that they can start cultivating new fields, after having applied for agricultural land, at the new site. PAPs usually move after the harvest, which then is transported to the new site along with other movable assets.  There is no ban on continuous use of the original fields even after people have moved, as long as the land it not submerged. However, should somebody chose to do so, then transport to and from this site would no longer be at the expense of the project.  PAPs should be allowed to move to the new sites after the harvest to eliminate crop losses. However, should cases arise where crops would be lost due to the project (e.g. taking over of land on a short-term basis for any use by the project), lost crops will be compensated at the cost of the market rate for one year. 8.4.4 Transport  Free transport will be provided to all HH for their movable assets including salvaged materials. 8.5 Vulnerable groups  The RU will adopt a proactive approach to supporting vulnerable groups and offering help where required (i.e. not just reacting to requests from such HHs).  Vulnerable groups will be entitled to assistance in constructing their new houses—their compensation funds will be channelled to the jamoat which will manage the construction of the house.  Houses which include the physically disabled will be built so as to facilitate mobility.  Support during physical resettlement such as packing and unpacking and salvaging materials will be provided as necessary.  The livelihood restoration plan and ensuing activities will pay particular attention to the needs of vulnerable households. 8.6 Compensation for Cultural Sites  Most sacred sites and graves have been moved from the old villages to safe sites. There is a holy site in the village of Talkhakchashma, Mazar Eshoni Mahmadgafurchon, that has a 200 years history. The villagers do not have the right to rebury this sanctuary and like other sites in other villages, the RU and other authorities responsible for religious ceremonies will satisfy the villagers' request and move this sanctuary to a safer site. All costs will be borne by the project. The Mazor in Chorsada has also already been relocated to another location.  Should any other sacred sites or graves be found that will be affected, these should be relocated by the designated authorities and the cost covered by the project. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 84 8.7 RAP Finalization A schedule was prepared and proposed at the time when the first draft of this RAP was prepared, i.e. in late 2011. Project preparation however took longer than anticipated at that time, therefore the schedule in Figure 8-1 cannot be seen as binding, but basically just as a proposal on how such a resettlement activity as Stage 1 resettlement should be implemented. As explained in Section 8.2, the specific timeline ultimately depends on the decisions to be taken on how and when the entire project will go forward. The timeline will be updated and disclosed in the project area. The draft RAP was prepared and disclosed in September 2014. Prior to finalization the following activities were undertaken: i. Consultations: Consultations with PAPs to provide them with an opportunity to review the draft RAP and provide feedback. Consultations with PAPs have been structured in such a way as to provide sufficient time for presentation of the contents of the RAP in a way accessible to them (including non-technical descriptions as appropriate) and to allow sufficient time for questions and/or comments from the participants. Consultations have been also organized using international good practice, including providing sufficient notice to PAPs, and then scheduled and organized in ways that allowed for active participation of women and others at risk of being marginalized, being held in a place that is safe and accessible to PAPs, at a time convenient for PAPs. If needed, transportation of PAPs to and from the venue was considered to ensure that PAPs do not accrue travel costs. In addition, the proceedings of the consultations was documented. After consultations, PAPs have been provided with no less than sixty days to provide comments. The RU provided accessible and confidential channels through which PAPs could convey their comments, after which the RAP was revised to reflect those comments that improve the RAP design and delivery (see section 5). ii. Updating of 2011 socio-economic census: The data of the census of all affected HH that was undertaken in 2011 was updated in December 2014 using a survey questionnaire.. iii. PLA: a PLA was completed in August 2014. The purpose of the PLA was to identify major gaps and differences between the applicable Tajik legal and policy entitlements which are available for project affected persons (PAPs) and the World Bank’s Operational Policy 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement. The Program-Level Audit was also intended to evaluate the pre 2011 resettlement with an aim to evaluating the financial and social implications of providing retro-active assistance to previously affected people. iv. Intermediate HLA: a HLA was completed in December 2014. The HLA covered a representative sample of the HH that have been relocated or compensated prior to beginning implementation of the RAP. The Intermediate HLA provides details on retroactive measures required to bring previous resettlement up to the standards of the RAP, however a full HLA at the household level is needed and will be OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 85 undertaken in early 2015. The Intermediate HLA builds on the Program Level Audit (PLA) which was finalized in August 2014.3 The final RAP will be translated into Russian, and Tajik. Further, a number of key principles will have to be followed moving forward:  The PAPs will receive in a timely fashion all entitlements and mitigation measures proposed in the RAP.  All affected villages should be given, as soon as possible, a reliable time plan concerning their relocation.  Once the final inventories and valuation of structures and assets done, PAPs must be given the opportunity to build their houses without any further delay.  The payment of compensation in tranches will be maintained, but the payment must be provided in a timely manner, so that PAPs do not have to halt construction while awaiting the next tranche of funds, or use their own funds to continue construction.  Infrastructure in the new villages will be built ahead of the relocation. This infrastructure (electricity, water supply, heath services, school) should be functional when the PAPs relocate to the new site.  Monitoring has to be done on a continuous basis. Given the fact that resettlement will be done over a long period of time; it is not possible to have one final Resettlement Completion Report (see 9.3.1). Rather, this will have to be done in stages as the resettlement itself, with the aim of having a final check on each HH approximately 6 months after its relocation. So far, only a sample survey of relocated HH was carried out, this will have to be completed and continued.  Good international practice calls for PAPs to be fully relocated and compensated prior to the actual “taking” of their land and property, which may be defined as no longer having the free and unfettered use of that land and property. Furthermore it is essential to ensure that people are not put at risk through physical proximity to construction works or associated facilities such as materials storage sites. The contract to resume full scale construction of the dam, beginning with construction of a coffer dam to divert the Vakhsh River, is not expected to commence for about two years. However, in the interim a number of “pre-contract” activities will take place, consisting of: rehabilitation of roads and site installations, construction of some new access roads, implementing remedial measures for underground structures including the two existing river diversion tunnels, construction of a third diversion tunnel, stabilizing the walls of the power house cavern, excavating and stockpiling shell materials for the embankment dam. Potentially affected PAPs must be relocated and compensated prior to the start of any “pre-contract” activities that would result in the “taking” of their land and property, or in placing them at physical risk. It is expected that relocation and full compensation of all PAPs in the six villages located in the construction zone will have been completed 3 The purpose of the PLA was to identify major gaps and differences between the applicable Tajik legal and policy entitlements which are available for project affected persons (PAPs) and the World Bank’s Operationa l Policy 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 86 prior to the beginning of the contracted construction works. For Chorsada (as for all villages in Stage 2, to be relocated in the future), the rule is that relocation has to be completed about one year before the village and its land will be submerged by the rising reservoir level. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 87 Figure 8-1: Resettlement Stage 1 schedule (sample) OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 88 9 MONITORING AND REPORTING A first monitoring (in the sense of an outcome monitoring) was carried out in 2013, which covered a sample of HH who have already relocated to one of the new sites. Based on experience gained there, the monitoring process to be done is outlined here. 9.1 Types of Monitoring For a follow-up on the resettlement process, two types of monitoring will be done, namely:  Progress Monitoring: continuous checking of the work carried out, covering all aspects of the resettlement process (like e.g., but not limited to: public meetings and public participation process in general; selection of necessary resettlement sites; infrastructure in these sites like roads, electricity, water supply, health services, schools; house plot allocation, construction of houses; number of HH relocated; etc.). Main aims of this monitoring are to verify if the work done is on schedule, i.e. according to plan, and whether the quality of the work (e.g. buildings) is according to expectations and standards. Being a continuous process, it will be carried out by RU (internal monitoring). A Monitoring and Evaluation Officer will be charged with coordinating the progress, monitoring the results of which will be reflected in the monthly reports the director of RU has to present to the Government. This internal monitoring will be checked periodically by an additional external monitoring.  Outcome Monitoring (Resettlement Monitoring Report): this has the objective to evaluate the results of the resettlement process, in two respects, namely: o Standard of Living: have the standards of living for physically displaced persons be restored or, if possible, improved? o Livelihood Restoration: has livelihood of economically displaced persons been restored or, if possible, improved? Since in the case of Rogun HPP, at least in the Stage 1, all PAPs are physically as well as economically displaced, these two main topics can be evaluated together. 9.2 Procedure and Schedule Outcome monitoring is usually being done about 6 months after relocation, and this continues for a minimum period of three (3) years or until it can be demonstrated that the livelihoods of the resettled households have been at least restored or improved. In the case of Rogun HPP Stage 1, with its resettlement spreading over a long time span, this means that this monitoring will have to be done in parallel, covering settlements and HH that have been relocated. The aim is that all relocated HH are being interviewed accordingly at least once, and a follow-up will be done on them if required. Outcome monitoring (or Resettlement Monitoring Report) will be done by an external unit (consultant) who will be hired especially for this purpose. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 89 9.3 Indicators The outcome monitoring will mainly do the following:  Compare the situation before and after relocation.  In case a serious deterioration of the situation is detected, it will have to verify whether this is due to the project, or to the HH itself. If deterioration is due to the project, additional measures will have to be taken to improve the situation. Special attention will have to be paid to the situation of vulnerable HH. The main indicators to be used are the following:  For standard of living monitoring: o House plot: size. o Housing: size, number of rooms, construction material, general conditions of house. o Drinking water: access (distance from house), reliability of supply, quality. o Electricity: availability, reliability of supply. o Health services: access (distance from house), quality (services offered). o School: access (distance from house), quality.  For livelihood restoration: o Employment: number of HH members employed, types of employment. o Other economic activities of HH: businesses, agriculture, livestock. o Cash income of HH: salaries, remittances, pensions, other sources of income. o Degree of self-sufficiency: products from house garden and agriculture for consumption in the HH. The process of auditing the resettlement might show the need for using other indicators for being able to efficiently and effectively analyse the situation. 9.3.1 Resettlement Monitoring Report A Resettlement Monitoring Report will be prepared once the resettlement for a project has been finalised. It serves the purpose to verify whether:  the resettlement has been done according to the guiding documents, i.e. the RPF and the RAP;  there is compliance with legal norms of the country and conditions of binding guidelines (in this case OP 4.12);  compensation was done according to requirements; and  aims concerning reinstallation and livelihood restoration have been met. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 90 In the case of Rogun HPP, where resettlement will be carried out in stages during the construction period, i.e. over a time span of 15 or more years, this will also be required, but the approach will have to be modified to some extent. Like the resettlement itself, the Resettlement Monitoring Report will have to be carried out in stages. The aim must be to carry out a final check on each HH approximately 6 months after it has moved to the new site. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 91 10 BUDGET AND FUNDING 10.1 Basis for Calculation 10.1.1 Time Line for Completion of Stage 1 Resettlement The time required for completing Stage 1 resettlement is estimated as two years as a maximum. therefore, where applicable, this time was applied for calculating the Stage 1 budget. 10.1.2 Compensation For each HH to be relocated, the Resettlement Unit carries out a detailed inventory of assets (size and type of house, plus any other immovable asset of the HH which will have to be compensated), and calculates the compensation amount. This is all described and listed in the so-called "house passport" and this is the basis for the compensation agreement between each HH and RU, which is signed by both parties. This compensation agreement does not only include the house, but also other assets, e.g. fruit trees, for which compensation is also paid. The average compensation amount per HH was determined at TJS 110'000, which corresponds to USD 22'541 per HH (item 1 in Table 10-1). One specific point to be mentioned is compensation for agricultural crops. As mentioned above, fruit trees are inventoried and compensated as part of the compensation package. However, no compensation is being made for agriculture (i.e. annual crops) for the following reasons:  Agricultural land is not owned individually, therefore it cannot be purchased or sold.  Anybody who was engaged in agriculture in the place of origin ("agriculture" here meaning specifically cultivation of crops outside of the house plot) and/or wanting to do so in the resettlement site has to apply for land, and will then be granted the use right for agricultural land allocated to him/her (note: the resettlement audit has shown that only a rather small part of the resettlers actually do so, and no indication was discovered that any application for land in the new locations would not have been granted).  The transition period, from construction of the house till final relocation to the new site) is rather long, and no land abandoned by resettlers is taken over by the project immediately. This means that in any case crops planted in the place of origin can be harvested and will not be lost. 10.1.3 Village Infrastructure Costs estimate for village infrastructure were also based on information received from RU, as follows:  Overall cost for infrastructure (access, streets with drainage, electricity supply and distribution, drinking water supply system, school, clinic; this also includes local PIU offices and information centres) for the villages mentioned in the OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 92 following Chapter and being developed as part of Stage 1 resettlement amount to a total of USD 38.5 million.  However, the villages are planned not only for the 289 Stage 1 HH, but ultimately for a total number of 2'500 HH. This leads to an amount of USD 15'413 per HH for infrastructure development in the new sites (item 2 in Table 10-1). It also has to be stressed that in most cases, some of the infrastructure built in the new villages (mainly improvement or upgrading of access roads, clinics, and schools) will also be available for the population in existing nearby villages, i.e. for the host population. However, it is not possible to determine which proportion of the costs is actually "benefit for host populations", therefore, this item was not determined separately. Included here are measures for host communities, which are implemented in relation with the preparation or resettlement villages (and under the same budget). Such measures include, among other things:  Improving existing access roads which are used for the new villages as well.  Construction of larger than immediately necessary and more modern schools in the new villages, which will then also be used by pupils from host communities.  Making new health facilities available for host communities as well.  Electrification of host villages, or improvement of electricity supply (e.g. new transformers with sufficient output for serving host villages as well).  Upgrading or enlarging of existing irrigation schemes, to be used by farmers residing in host communities as well. Measures for host communities are certainly important and are being implemented in the sense mentioned above; however, it is difficult to identify their costs as a separate budget item; they are included in "infrastructure costs". 10.1.4 Alternative Livelihood Development Based on the results from the HH survey, and in discussions with the RU costs per HH receiving livelihood assistance is estimated at USD 1,000 per HH(item 3 in Table 10-1). 10.1.5 Relocation of Burial Sites For the 7 Stage 1 villages, a total of 230 graves have to be relocated. The cost for relocating one grave according to the official procedure amounts to 185 USD (item 4 in Table 10-1). 10.1.6 Witness NGO and Legal Counsel The cost for the Witness NGO and for providing legal counsel to PAPs is estimated at USD 8'000 per year. As per the time line mentioned above, the costs for two years are included in the budget (item 5 of Table 10-1). OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 93 10.1.7 RU Staffing A number of 5 additional staff required for RU were identified in the RAP: one community liaison officer, one communications officer, one monitoring and evaluation specialist, one livelihood restoration specialist and one gender specialist. The average monthly salary of a specialist of this level is about TJS 2'500, corresponding to USD 500. The salaries of these five specialists for 2 years were included in the budget, although even during this time they will not work exclusively for Stage 1 resettlement (item 6 in Table 10-1). 10.1.8 RU Training If the required degree of proficiency for these new RU positions cannot be found, some training might be required. A lumpsum amount was estimated for this (item 7 in Table 10-1). 10.1.9 Monitoring For external monitoring, an estimated amount of USD 15'000 will be required per year. Again, the monitoring costs for two years are included in the budget (item 8 in Table 10-1). 10.1.10Contingencies Contingencies amounting to an estimated 10% of the resettlement costs determined as described above are added for covering other requirements which might arise (item 10 in Table 10-1). 10.2 Budget According to the explanations given above, the budget for Stage 1 resettlement was determined as shown in the following Table. Table 10-1: Budget for Stage 1 resettlement (based on 2011 costs) No. Item Unit N USD/HH USD 1 HH compensation package HH 289 22'541 6'514'349 2 Village infrastructure HH 289 15'413 4'454'357 3 Alternative livelihood development HH 289 1'000 289'000 4 Relocation of burial sites graves 230 185 42'550 5 Witness NGO and legal counsel year 2 8'000 16'000 6 RU staffing person-month 120 500 60'000 7 RU training lumpsum 50000 8 Monitoring year 2 15'000 30'000 9 Total 11'456'256 10 Contingencies 10% 11'456'26 11 Total Stage 1 resettlement costs 12'601'882 OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 94 From this it can be concluded that the overall resettlement costs amount to approximately USD 44'000 per HH: The budget may be adjusted as necessary (such as on the basis of findings from monitoring and changes in costs) to ensure that the objectives of the RAP are met. This budget should also include the cost for implementing the recommendations provided in the Intermediate HLA, which will be evaluated by the Project following the indication and the timeline provided in the HLA. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 95 11 STAGE 1 RESETTLEMENT: STATUS AS OF MID-2013 11.1 Effects of GOT - WB Agreements In the previous Chapters it was mentioned several times that resettlement for Rogun HPP is an ongoing process. Presently, there is no physical relocation of persons or households in the Stage 2 villages, the only ongoing resettlement is in the Stage 1 villages. 11.2 Resettlement Sites The villages which are being developed (although not exclusively) for Stage 1 resettlement are described shortly on the following pages (situation early July 2013). It should clearly pointed out that although no Stage 1 HH have relocated to some of the sites (e.g. Darband in Nurobod district), the selection of resettlement sites is not Stage specific, and that there are no resettlement sites which are exclusively to be used for Stage 1 resettlers. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 96 Table 11-1: Resettlement villages: Tepi Smarkandi (Rudaki) Item Tepi Samarkandi Observations Village 1 2 3 Three villages close together, in Rudaki district, about 2 km east of Dushanbe; some shared infrastructure. HH 24 63 108 Living there now or in process of building house HH 46 117 188 Planned number final stage Access road Existing access road; connecting roads between the three villages built, will be asphalted. Streets x x x Streets built, in part u/c; includes drainage system and street lighting. Pavement done in TS1, still to be done in the two other villages Electricity supply x x x Transformers (1 in TS1, 2 each in TS2 and TS3) and distribution system in place, houses connected. Water supply: x x x Water supply functioning; structures:  source  ground water, pumping station in place  reservoir  reservoir (water tower) of 125 m³ in TS3, for all 3 villages  distr. system  in place  water points  standpipes, 1 per 2 houses Health service x x x Health services being provided:  type  Clinic (medpunkt) in TS 3, for all three villages  staff  1 doctor, two nurses  services  basic health services, first aid  nearest hospital  District hospital in Rudaki distr.; close to Dushanbe School x x x  present state  3-story building under construction, to be finished in 2014  classrooms  24 classrooms, for 640 students  other structures Mosque, hall Land set aside for mosque, not yet built; will be built by the population with support from RU. Population received compensation money for old mosque, this will be used in construction of new one Agriculture  land availability Sufficient land available for those who want to do agriculture, irrigated as well as non-irrigated.  irrigation Agriculture: Allocation of agricultural land is handled by the jamoat, not  demand by RU, and issues are discussed there. However, most HH have other types of occupation.  problems Pasture Pasture land is available, but not in close proximity to the village. This is also handled by the jamoat. However,  availability availability of pastures is not comparable to the situation in  potential for the old location. livestock OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 97 Table 11-2: Resettlement villages: Mohinkaj (Rudaki) Item Mohinkaj Observations In Rudaki District, 2 km from Tepi Samarkandi 3; close to Dushanbe HH 71 Living there now or in process of building house HH 120 Planned number final stage Access road x Existing road as well as new access road from main road; built, but not yet asphalted. Streets x Built, will be asphalted. Electricity supply x 2 transformers and distribution system in place, houses connected. Water supply: x Water supply functioning; infrastructure:  source  groundwater pumping station in place  reservoir  125 m³, in place  distr. system  built  water points  in place, 1 standpipe for 2 houses. Health service x  type They use the medpunkt in Tepi Samarkandi 3  staff  services  nearest hospital School  present state  under construction, planned for 320 students.  classrooms  other structures Mosque, hall x Already built. Agriculture  land availability Same as for Tepi Samarkandi  irrigation Agriculture:  demand Same as for Tepi Samrkandi  problems Pasture  availability Same as for Tepi Samarkandi  potential for livestock OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 98 Table 11-3: Resettlement villages: Toychi (Tursunzade) Item Toychi Observations Village 1 2 3 Three villages close together, near Tusunzade, about 80 km west of Dushanbe; some shared infrastructure. HH 355 77 137 Living there now or in process of building house HH 657 217 217 Planned number final stage Access road x x x Existing road from main road Dushanbe-Tursunzade, 4 km; will be paved. Streets x x x Streets built, in part u/c; includes drainage system and street lighting. Pavement planned, not yet implemented. Electricity supply x x x Transformer (8 in total) and distribution system in place; houses are connected. Water supply: x x x Water supply functioning; infrastructure:  source  ground water, pumping station in place  reservoir  reservoir (water tower) of 50 m³ for all 3 villages  distr. system  in place to all villages  water points  standpipes, 1 per 2houses Health service x x x Health services being provided:  type  Clinic (medpunkt) in Toichy 1, for all 3 villages  staff  one doctor, 2 nurses  services  basic health services, first aid  nearest hospital in Tursunzade, distance of about 4 km School x x x School for a total of 1176 students under construction; first block is planned to be finished in August 2013. School will  present state have 44 classrooms and additional facilities (library,  classrooms laboratories, sport infrastructure). Located in Toichi 1, will  other structures serve Toichi 2 and 3 as well as a number of existing villages in the neighbourhood. Mosque, hall x x x Under construction, is being built by the population. Agriculture x x x Land is available. Irrigation system is in place (was there before the resettlement).  land availability  irrigation Agriculture: Demand by resettlers is not very high; most have other occupations.  demand  problems Pasture  availability Pastures are rather far away from the village; the area is not very suitable for livestock.  potential for livestock OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 99 Table 11-4: Resettlement villages: New Chorsada (Dangara) Item New Chorsada Observations Village New Chorsada Village near Dangara, about 120 km south-east of Dushanbe, 30 km south of Nurek. HH 263 Living there now or in process of building house HH 693 Planned number final stage Access road x Access road from Dangara exists; will be upgraded (asphalted). Streets x Streets built, in part u/c; includes drainage system and street lighting. Pavement will be done. Electricity supply x Transformers (4 ) and distribution system in place, houses connected. Water supply: x Water supply functioning; infrastructure:  source  water from Vakhsh river, adducted through existing channels.  reservoir  no reservoir required; pipes from channel were renewed (larger)  distr. system  in place  water points  standpipes, 1 per 2 houses Health service x Health services being provided:  type  Clinic (medpunkt)  staff  one doctor, 2 nurses  services  basic health services, first aid  nearest hospital  in Dangara, distance of about 8 km School x  present state  School under construction.  classrooms  24 classrooms  other structures  planned for 640 students Mosque, hall x Large mosque/ town hall built and in operating conditions. Agriculture x Village located in agricultural area with existing irrigation system. According to information from jamoat, there are not enough farmers  land availability for cultivating all the land.  irrigation Agriculture:  demand Demand for land by resettlers is low. So far, 12 HH have applied for and received land.  problems Pasture  availability Pasture land is available, however, several km away from the village. Dangara is an agricultural area, not very suitable for livestock.  potential for livestock OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 100 Table 11-5: Resettlement villages: Novi Saidon (Rogun) Item Novi Saidon Observations Close to the original Saidon, just outside construction site and above 1290 m asl. Development started in 2012, no houses built so far. Left bank of Vakhsh river, near to Rogun. HH 0 Living there now or in process of building house HH 108 Planned number final stage Access road x Built, will be finalised (asphalted). Streets x Layout of street grid done, streets under construction Electricity supply x Transformer (3) and distribution system under construction. Water supply: x  source  Water from spring nearby.  reservoir  2 x 50 m², in place  distr. system  u/c  water points Health service x  type Clinic (medpunkt) u/c  staff  services  nearest hospital School  present state Planned, will be a school for 320 students.  classrooms  other structures Mosque, hall No plan yet, but land is available. Agriculture  land availability Some land is available, but in limited amount (no basic change to present situation).  irrigation Agriculture:  demand  problems Pasture  availability All the land in the surroundings of the village is pasture land.  potential for livestock OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 101 Table 11-6: Resettlement villages: Yoligarmova (Rogun) Item Yoligarmova Observations Newly identified site replacing Charmgozak, near Obi Garm. Development has started recently. HH 0 Living there now or in process of building house HH 86 Planned number final stage Access road Located near the start of the new main road (about 4 km from road). Construction started. Streets in planning Status of internal streets, incl. drainage etc. Planned final status Electricity supply Transformer and distribution system Water supply: in planning not yet  source  reservoir  distr. system  water points Health service in planning not yet  type  staff  services  nearest hospital School in planning not yet  present state  classrooms  other structures Mosque, hall to be decided not yet Agriculture  land availability  irrigation Agriculture: Only limited amount of agricultural land available (similar situation as present villages).  demand  problems Pasture  availability Pasture land available(similar situation as present villages).  potential for livestock OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 102 11.3 The Moving Target: Progress in Resettlement Sites As mentioned above, work on Stage 1 resettlement was going on while the ESIA and TEAS studies were carried out. This necessarily lead to a situation where, at the time when a report was finalised and made publicly available, the situation had changed already. The pictures on the following pages show a few examples to exemplify the dynamics of this process. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 103 11.3.1 Toichi 1, Tursunzade Figure 11-1: School in Toichi 1, 2013-07-04 Figure 11-2: School in Toichi 1, 2013-08-28 On August 28, 20013, a seminar on resettlement, organised by RU, was held in the new school building. A number of classrooms were ready, in time for starting the new school year. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 104 11.3.2 Novi Saidon Figure 11-3: Novi Saidon, 2012-11-10 Figure 11-4: Novi Saidon, 2013-10-24 Figure 11-5: Novi Saidon, 2013-10-24 In late 2011, at this newly identified relocation site for Saidon (including 2 Stage 1 villages) the road network was laid out and electricity grid was built. in October 2013. the health post and the water supply system (intakes, reservoirs, pumping station, distribution grid) were built. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 105 11.3.3 Yoligarmova Figure 11-6: Chormagzak, 2011-08-05 Figure 11-7: Yoligarmova, 2013-10-24 In 2011, the inhabitants of Kishrog and Mirog had identified Chormagzak, located on a hillside above Rogun Town, as the future relocation site. This place presented serious disadvantages (access in winter, water supply). A new site was selected, Yoligarmova, a few km NW of Obi Garm. In October 2013, the access road to this place, village layout, electricity and water supply were under construction. OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 106 ANNEXES Annexes are provided in Volume 2. Table of Content of Vol. 2: A/П 1 INTRODUCTION / ВВЕДЕНИЕ A/П 1.1 Team / Команда A/П 1.2 Meetings Held / Проведенные встречи A/П 2 THE PROJECT/ ПРОЕКТ A/П 3 THE AFFECTED POPULATION / ПОДВЕРЖЕННОЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЮ ПРОЕКТА A/П 3.1 FGD Questionnaire / Вопросник фокус групп A/П 3.2 Household Questionnaire / Вопросник Домохозяйства A/П 3.3 Basic Socio-Economic Indicators for Tajikistan / Основные социально- экономические показатели по Таджикистану A/П 3.4 Major Ethnic Groups in Tajikistan / Основные этнические группы в Таджикистане A/П 4 RESETTLEMENT ACTIVITIES UNDER WAY / МЕРОПРИЯТИЯ ПО ПЕРЕСЕЛЕНИЮ ИДУТ ПОЛНЫМ ХОДОМ A/П 4.1 Short Report on Visit to Rudaki / Краткий отчет о результатах визита в Рудаки A/П 4.1.1 Inhabitants / Местные жители A/П 4.1.2 Infrastructure / Инфраструктура A/П 4.1.3 Host Communities / Принимающие общины A/П 5 CONSULTATIONS AND PARTICIPATION / КОНСУЛЬТАЦИИ И УЧАСТИЕ A/П 5.1 FGDs in Stage 1 Villages / ДФГ кишлаков Стадии A/П 5.1.1 Kishrog and Mirog: Women / Кишрог, Мирог: Женщины A/П 5.1.2 Kishrog and Mirog: Men / Киштчарог и Мирог: Мужчины A/П 5.1.3 Tagi Kamar: Women / Таги Камар: Женщины A/П 5.1.4 Sech: Women / Сеч: Женщины A/П 5.1.5 Sech and Tagi Kamar: Men / Сеч и Таги камар: Мужчины A/П 5.1.6 Talkhakchasma: Women / Талхакчашма: Женщины A/П 5.1.7 Talkhakchashma: Men / Талхакчашма: Мужчины A/П 5.1.8 Chorsada: Men / Чорсада: Мужчины A/П 5.1.9 Chorsada: Youth / Чорсада: Молодёжь A/П 5.1.10 Chorsada: Women / Чорсада: Женщины OSHPC “Barki Tojik” / ОАХК «Барки Точик» PÖYRY ENERGY LTD. Rogun HPP ESIA / ОЭСВ РОГУНСКОЙ ГЭС Date 2014-12-20 RAP Stage 1(Final): Volume 1 - Text Page 107 A/П 5.1.11 Chorsada: Mixed Group / Чорсада: Смешанная группа A/П 5.1.12 Meeting Sicharog / Сичарог A/П 5.2 FGDs in Host Villages / ДФГ в принимающих кишлаках A/П 5.2.1 Dangara / Фокус Группа Дангара A/П 5.2.2 Darband / Фг Дарбанд A/П 5.2.3 Tursunzade / Турсунзаде A/П 5.2.4 Consultation Rudaki / Консультация Рудаки A/П 6 RESETTLEMENT CONDITIONS / УСЛОВИЯ ПЕРЕСЕЛЕНИЯ A/П 6.1 Rogun Resettlement Law / Закон переселения в результате строительства Рогунской ГЭС A/П 6.2 National Resettlement Policy / Национальная политика переселения A/П 6.3 Resettlement Leaflet A/П 7 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT / ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ A/П 7.1 RU Set-up on Operational Procedure on Relocation / Установленные цп оперативные процедуры по переселению A/П 7.2 TOR for Legal Counsel / Тз для юриста A/П 7.3 TOR for Witness NGO / Проект технического задания для НПО свидетеля A/П 8 RESETTLEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION / ПЛАН ПЕРЕСЕЛЕНИЯ A/П 9 MONITORING AND REPORTING / МОНИТОРИНГ И ОТЧЕТНОСТЬ A/П 10 BUDGET AND FUNDING / БЮДЖЕТ И ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ A/П 11 STAGE 1 RESETTLEMENT: STATUS AS OF MID-2013 A/П 12 LIST OF REFERENCES / ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ