Document of The World Bank FOR OMCIAL USE ONLY t Report No. 8545-ASI MRKtT PROSPECTS FOR FOREST PRODUCTS FROM THE PACIFIC ISLANDS VOLUME III STATISTICAL ANNEX MAY 25. 1990 Agriculture Operations Division Country Department V 'Asia Regional Office This documentbas a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only In the performance of 'thir offcial duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. Table 1: JAPANESE SOLIDWOOD CONSUMPTION Lumber Plywood Reconstituted Panels 2 2 2 Housing 78 10 5 Commercial construction 3 35 10 Industrial/packaging 9 5 0 Furniture/fixtures 5 35 80 Other 5 15 5 100 100 100 Source: Japan Lumber Journal Mitsui Homes Table 2: 1988 PRODUCT BALANCES, JAPAN (000 m3) Domestic Exports Imports Apparent Production Consumption Lumber 29,836 200 6,78. 36,417 Plywood 8,181 30 2,000 10,151 Reconstituted Panels - MDF 270 nominal 76 346 - Particleboard 1,085 nominal 83 1,168 Source: Japan Lumber Journal Resource Information Systems Inc. Table 3: HOUSING STARTS, JAPAN (Units) TOTAL Structure Wood Non-wood 1965 842,596 646,536 196,060 1970 1,484,556 1,035,500 449,056 1972 1,807,581 1,111,846 695,735 1973 1,905,112 1,120,484 784,628 1974 1,316,100 869,637 446,463 1979 1,492,926 909,582 583,329 1981 1,151,695 653,643 498,052 1982 1,146,144 666,960 479,196 1983 1,136,794 590,848 545,953 1985 1,236,072 591,911 644,161 1987 1,674,300 741,552 932,748 1988 1,684,644 697,267 987,377 Source: Real Estate Institute, February 1989. Tabl 4: JAPANESE SAWMILL NUM8ERS A PRODUCTION VOLUMES (Units/'OO0 @3) Unit 1982 1983 1984 1916 1988 1987 - Number 20,937 20,266 19,612 18,834 18,200 17,886 . Production '000 m3 30,944 29,601 28,698 28,403 28,693 29,788 -m31/.l 1,417 1,418 1,446 1,608 1,671 1864 Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Table 6: JAPANESE SAWMILL LOG INTAKE 1960-1988 ('000 .3) Year TOTAL Domestic Imported Lauan N. Americs RusiaJ NZ Others Sub-total Softwood Hardw0od Sub-totel 1960 37,657 33,817 28,417 5,400 3,761 2,399 822 540 1904 45,36S 34,380 28,015 6,365 10,98S 4,186 3,841 1,786 1,174 1985 46,969 34,124 28,243 5,881 11,845 4,401 4,191 2,139 1,114 19S6 4s,768 34,460 28,533 5,917 14,318 4,997 6,119 2,798 - 1,404 1970 58,060 27,362 22,230 6,132 30,688 8,947 13,608 6,670 3,863 1972 81,154 26,433 21,789 4,844 34,721 8,387 14,813 7,133 2,084 2,324 1973 63,713 26,112 21,429 4,683 37,601 9,147 16,489 7,701 1,968 3,308 1976 62,377 20,961 17,810 3,361 31,416 7,438 13,834 6,870 876 2,599 1978 64,97B 20,482 17,200 3,282 34,404: 7,449 16,497 7,836 1,132 2,580 1979 58,013 21,481 18,147 3,314 34,S62 6,813 16,824 7,072 1,372 2,471 1980 52,014 20,963 17,762 3,191 31,121 S,647 16,870 5,937 1,368 2,399 1984 41,218 18,944 16,367 2,689 22,272 2,273 12,203 4,908 819 2,071 2986 40,810 18,814 16,391 2,423 21,796 1,877 12,484 4,461 783 2,211 1988 41,238 18,397 16,172 2,226 22,841 1,624 13,845 4,629 733 2,010 I987 43,862 18,772 16,648. 2,126 24,680 1,456 15,437 4,895 800 1,932 1988 18,097 722 Source: Min;stry of Agrculture, Forestry and Fisheries Table 6: NUbBER OF JAPANESE PLYMILLS A PROOUCTION Unit 1982 1963 1984 1986 19se Numbers 804 606 681 664 5o5 - Log Inputs 1000 m8 10,318 10,639 10,317 10,604 9,982 - Production of general plywood 1000 .2 1,138,788 1,221,346 1,185,028 1,093,505 1,073,488 - Production of speciality plywood 1000 .2 332,800 321,877 306,919 297,327 308,689 Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Table 7: JAPANESE PAPER A PAPERBOARD PRODUCTION A EXPORT 1975-1987 ('000 tonne.) 1976 1900 1983 1984 1906 1986 1987 Paper 7,710,992 10,536,296 10,932,142 11,429,198 11,790,4S3 12,272,243 12,807,303 Paperboard 5,889,887 7,651,S20 7,509,892 7,91S,388 8,878,876 8,789,902 9,729,994 Total ProauCtion 13,600,8b9 18,087,815 18,442,034 19,344,583 20,449,339 21,062,145 22,637,297 Export Paper 355,904 307,435 364,931 399,190 441,810 367,641 387,806 Paporboard 297,821 348,459 372,895 443,879 427,110 471,553 428,412 Total Exoort 853,525 S55,894 737,026 $82,889 U8,920 839,194 814,218 Sourc-: Ministry of International Trade and Industry Ministry of Finane. Table 8: PtULPWOOD SUPPLY, JAPAN, 1988 ('000 m3) Hardwood Softwood TOTAL Domestic 9,829 8,731 18,560 Imported (90Z chips) 8,133 7,966 16,099 TOTAL 17,962 1.6,697 34,659 Source: Japan Paper Industry, Association 6 Tai* JAPANESE FOREST FROWCTS CBVM/SpJPLY sALE O@WO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SUPPLY 0 Atic I orted TOTAL Luer od th t Tibr Loge L r Plywood A Chipe Puip Others sr Chips TOTAL Timber Wood TOTAL Veneer() 1000 6T.847 87.789 S.178 10.189 8,891 49.006 48,815 401 (1.543) 7.541 0.674 211 656 13.3 1065 69.6u 47.084 5.187 14.335 2.924 60.875 49.634 841 (4.8) 20.155, 1.U21 1.115 2 270 2.0J6 11 28.5 1967 88.947 88.898 7.476 19.786 8.898 62,741 51.813 928 (6.202) 8S.197 2S.21, 2.807 So 1.860 2.8s3 5 88 86 1970 102.879 62,009 13,059 24.807 2.724 46741 4.851 S00 (6.737) 56.438 48.201 S,967 s64 6.081 3.509 122 bi.0 1073 117,560 67,470 17.161 80.414 2.846 42.208 41.583 62 (7.797) 75.372 62.486 4,686 1.600 12.094 4,061 481 64.1 1976 96.869 58.341 11.178 27,298 2.,57 84.677 84.165 422 (6.440) .1:792 42,681 2.964 as5 11,340 8.60 784 64.1 1977 101,884 W6"4 12.717 29.841 2.732 34.281 33.798 438 (7.251) 67.62 44.661 4,125 l8 18,820 4,002 907 66.4 1979 109.708 60,814 18,918 82.137 3.420 38.784 SS.270 614 (7,721) 76.002 46.960 6.65 172 16.008 6.41 .0808 69.2 1980 108.964 56.713 1U,840 3586,8 8.543 34.887 84.051 06 (7.275) 74.407 42.395 6.1t6 19 15.936 7.670 2.071 60.3 1081 91.29 40.718 11.006 29,08 2.069, 81,682 A1.370 262 (6.440) 60,107 a.632 4.162 122 12,860 6.86}7 i,61 65 6 1082 0.W157 47.862 10,499 28.279 8.617 82,164 31,004 250 (6.788) 58.008 83.026 6.167 181 11.825 6.027 2.277 64.3 1903 09,161 48.9O0 10.649 80.864 3.788 32,818 s1.o 826 (6.736) 6B.844 82.687 4.618 210 11,402 7.4U 2.565 64.6 1934 91,61 44.518 10.664 82.433 s,746 32.874 82.511 863 (6.566) 68.487 31.606 4,863 347 12.166 7,403 2.623 64.0 l988 92.n01 44.889 11,217 82.916 4.230 83.074 82.944 130 (.567) 69.W29 31.301 4,n6 613 11,812 7.892 3.125 64.4 1s66 94.600 44.918 10,942 8,6,68 6.078 31.913 31.820 93 (6.628) 62.81 31.798 4,867 060 12.293 8,943 4,030 56.5 1907 103.IN6 47.,s7 18.463 34.871 7.ul 30.9e4 30.898 91 (7.112) 72.12 34.844 6,112 2.887 14,026 9.174 6.188 70.0 1060 104.017 61.971 1U.028 38.588 1.268 80.106 5 0.115 60 (7,000) 74.632 8.890 11.361 2.648 16.121 10.u27 385 71.2 1909 102.00 48.800 12,320 40.700 1.180 29,880 29,750 00 (6.800) 72.670 31.110 10.400 2.410 17.6841 1O.a0 310 70.9 I Product. flur"e On ,IE basi*4 * Vst. oogd * from ill is not calcuiate in the basic fliurs. 8) Thb figures fOr 107 are provielonal "m thoe. for 190 rer estimate. Source: 4AFF (FA) Tiblo 10; JAPANESE IPORTS OF LOGS A SAWN TIMBER BY MAJOR EXPORTER ('600 .3) South.... American Russl HZ - Chile CT RAND Log S/t Sub-total Log S/t Sub-tot. I Los S/t sub-total E7r.jt Sub-total Log S/t TOTAL 1970 20,237 260 20,497. 9 019 2,460 12,869 6,941 88 7,029 1,676 74 1,750 as,na 2,072 41,646 1971 20,269 236 20,495 7,524 i,556 9,000 0,540 90 6,038 1,701 91 1,794 36,028 1,981 38,007 1972 21,725 167 21,912 10,080 1,021 11,909 7,178 102 7,276 1,806 104 1,910 40,792 2,214 43,000 1978 26,789 367 27,156 1O,062 2,586 12,920 8,109 128 $,817 1,892 107 1,799 46,782 8,4u0 60,192 1974 24,208 a86 24,573 6,696 2,777 11,478 7,160 106 7,256 1,090 99 1,189 41,144 8,347 44,491 1975 17,833 141 17,474 9,297 2,282 11,629 7,206 88 7,294 444 77 621 84,280 2,638 36,818 1976 22,173 105 22,8s 10,257 2,688 12,940 7,868 108 7,96 810 107 925 41,108 8,098 44,199 1977 20,947 238 21,186 10,191 2,698 12,889 *,674 117 8,691 065 180 1,060 40,67? 3,238 43,815 1970 21,799 287 22,08 1O,5U 2,054 18,890 8,728 120 8,040 814 222 1,036 41,877 3,438 45,310 1979 22,002 876 22,468 12,836 8,089 16,174 7,848 127 7,970 075 277 1,252 48,286 4,619 47,864 1940 10,968 452 19,408 10,443 a,040 14,28 6,119 181 6,260 769 818 1,082 36,287 4,736 41,023 1981 14,728 812 15,040 7,444 2,684 10,128 6,763 22 6,8?6 604 267 761 20,429 8,315 31,804 1982 16,121 637 15,060 8,231 8,412 1l,648 6,990 120 6,118 874 230 613 29,724 4,800 84,032 1988 18,879 682 14,461 8,244 2,906 11,210 6,016 124 6iO42 817 266 682 28,868 8,937 82,295 1984 12,94a 565 13,498 8,149 2,760 10,899 6,268 142 6,406 290 169 449 26,846 3,604 30,249 1986 18,001 860 13,801 8,998 8,116 12,109 6,018 154 5,167 20 126 413 27,295 4,P46 31,640 1906 12,131 648 12,774 9,632 8,381 12,968 6,761 161 6,902 694 269 080 28,048 4,894 32,442 19807 13,808 991 14,679 11,406 4,441 15,907 5,636 177 5,713 662 342 1,004 81,862 6,961 87,303 1988 11,866 1,184 12,039 10,248 4,949 16,196 4,997 228 6,226 664 430 1,094 27,6B2 6,791 84,353 1989* 11,07 1,152 18,010 . 9,988 4,396 14,304 6,790 228 5,928 860 400 1,060 20,205 8,176 84,381 * Forecast Source: MITI Table .11: S. KOREAN SOLIDWOOD PRODUCTS TRADE & APPARENT CONSUMPTION ('000 m3) Domestic Exports Imports Apparent Production Consumption Lumber 4,079 negl. 661 4,740 Plywood 2,200 130 160 2,230 Reconstituted panels - MDF 170 negl. 170 340 - Particle board 500 negl. 220 720 Source: Office of Forestry, 1988 Table 12: SOUTH KOREAN SAWMILL LOG INTAKE & SAWN TIMBER PRODUCTION ('000 m3) DOMESTIC LOGS IMPORTED LOGS TOTAL SAWN YEAR Softwood Hardwood Softwood Hardwood LOG TIMBER INPUT PRODUCED 1965 475 345 1970 1,773 1,148 1975 3,189 2,242 1980 415 .1,807 72 1,917 4,211 2,977 1985 498 146 2,201 1,307 4,152 2,952 1986 481 115 3,108 1,282 4,986 3,497 1987 500 95 3,428 1,528 5,551 4,079 Source: Korea Lumber Industries Association 1988. Tfbl- 1.a SW1H KOREAN PAPER & PAPER8OARD PRODUCTION, TRADE, A CONSUWTION ('000 MT) YEAR PRODUCTWN IMPORTS EXPORTS D(MESTI^ CONStWTION Paper Board Total Pap.r Board Total Paper Board Total Paper Board Total A Other. Other Othor. * Others 1976 487.0 a80.0 847.0 .6 17.6 16.0 16.8 20.9 38.2 462.2 876.7 620.8 1977 609.0 831.0 1,440.0 .2 18.8 19.0 88.0 21.0 69.7 671. 0 28.0 1,399.2 1979 073.0 1,172.0 1,646.0 .7 29.8 80.1 74.1 80.1 164.2 609.0 1,121.2- 1,720.8 1980 916.0 1,162.0 2,087.0 .9 80.0 81.6 99.4 79.7 179.1 618.6 1,102.8 1,919.4 1988 1,023.0 1,165.0 2,179.0 1.6 60.8 62.1 49.8 49.7 99.0 976.2 1,165.9 2,132.1 1984 1,062.0 1,831.0 2,898.0 1.9 00.8 62.0 31.8 44.7 78.6 1,032.1 1,841.1 2,379.2 1986 1,096.0 1,409.0 2,604.0 1.0 99.6 91.2 61.0 68.6 109.6 1,046.7 1,440.1 2,485.7 1988 1,200.0 1,668.0 2,668.0 1.8 120.2 122.0 90.2 191.8 2B1.5 1,111.6 1,690.9 2,898.6 1987 1,250.0 1,608.0 s,060.0 2.6 168.4 166.9 92.4 806.8 898.3 1,100.1 1,066.6 2,815.0 1988 1,268.0 2,128.0 8,394.0 Source; Korean Paper Manufacturers Assoc)at)on, 1888 t 0 . I t~~~~~~~ ITabl-U2 I11U1H tlREN Ft(ST PIWUCTS DEtOAN/SIfflY BLANCE (C000 3) YEAR _ _ _T_T__ _w_ow TOTAL _ELF/SUFF._ Pit Prope Pulp lriy amoral Siiait-a16 rly LcN&F l-to-tol 00n0 Uobti e1 P lprt 61bubaol was b--tot l smn11 pit r,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ~~~~~~~~~~~ SU~~~~~~~~~~~~~t.O1I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 199 818 8a 0 778 1169 707 1 708 .a77 n79 lo09 1u77 a a la 41 1970 450 206 0 1057 1718 2270 17 2287 4000 846 s8ss 4000 0 0 4000 21 197s 542 18 0 215S 2gm8 a226 350 8576 6465 86 6119 6015 450 450 645 15 1900 f15 a46 I60S 8121 5786 1758 212 196s 7750 108 6141 7149 se0 601 7so Is 198s 710 S8 1836 854 67T2 868 161 629 7821 ts8 5878 6768 5s5 555 7821 16 1986 772 61 1990 o 621 699 856 190 U 7582 1224 6m 69s 5S8 w68 7654 i6 1987 909 68 162 4429 7816 814 402 716 a892 88 6462 7?0 682 682 a852 17 Source: Office of Faci-try Table 15: TAIWANESE PRODUCTION, TRADE, & APPARENT CONSUMPTION ('000 013) DOMESTIC EXPORTS IPORTS APPARENT PRODUCTION CONSMPTION Lumber n.a. 33 995 n.a. Plywood 1050 499 333 884 n.a. - not available Source: Taiwan Department of orestry 1989 Table 1O TAIWANESE LOG PDUCTION, TRADE, A APPART CONSUTION ('000 me) YEAR DOMESTTC SAWLOC DOMESIC ZMPCRTS APPARENT Softwood Hardwood Sub-total PULPWOOD TOTAL Sowlogp Pulpwood CONSUMPTION 1973 480.0 847.6 1,107.5 1,101.5 3,8680.4 46.0 5,013.9 1974 430.7 652.3 983.0 988.0 3,563.6 127.0 4,688.8 1975 311.3 548.2 84.5 8f54.E 3,646.2 139.0 4,83S.7 1976 264.7 586.9 820.6 820.6 3,944.8 346.0 6,111.5 1977 276.0 414.4 889.4 889.4 5,465.7 346.0 6,501.1 1978 252.2 421.9 874.1 239.9 914.0 8,642.9 387.0 7,914.0 1979 241.6 411.9 653.5 328.2 981.7 8,290.8 583.0 7,865.4 1980 226.5 356.6 682.1 46-.6 1,042.7 4,966.3 430.0 6,441.1 1981 197.9 881.8 629.7 8 .1 911.8 5,205.7 1,183.0 7,260.6 1982 197.2 297.? 494.9 417.3 912.2 4,104.8 4983.0 6,710.0 1983 232.6 383.6 816.1 463.0 1,069.8 4,790.8 1,109.0 6,969.8 1964 219.6 348.2 682.6 446.8 1,008.4 4,196.4 824.0 6,988.6 1986 178.7 296.9 4?4.6 866.3 1,129.9 3,"6S.9 1,017.0 6,812.8 1984 200.3 298.3 496.7 847.2 1,345.8 3,676.4 1,390 0 8,412.2 g1o? 169.1 283.5 422.6 728.7 1,151.3 3,949.7 1,431.0 8,632.0 1988 111.6 141.6 253.3 619.5 872.8 4,202.4 2,109.0 7,164.2 (Exports nagligible) Source : Deportment of Forestry, Taiwan 1988 Tfbl 17: TAIWANESE ANNUAL PAPER & PAPERBOARO PRODUCTION, TRADE a CONSUMPTION ('000 t) YEAR PROOUCTION EXPORT IMPORT APPARENT Pep.. Pap*rboard Total P a P P & P CONSUMPTION 1981 442 1,050 1,496 171 85 1,412 1962 466 1,090 1,586 186 104 1,492 1913 468 1,252 1,720 123 130 1,727 1984 492 1,438 1,930 97 154 1,987 1985 s30 1,487 2,017 93 t61 2,006 1986 838 1,892 2,627 149 193 2,671 19? 717 2,020 2,737 145 286 2,880 1988 788 2,162 2,960 247 352 3,088 Sour@o. lsiwn Paper Industry Association, 2969 Table 18: SINGAPOREAN PRODUCT DEMAND ('000 m3) 1985 1986 Sawn timber 674 784 Plywood 560 491 Veneer 24 37 Mouldings 26 26 Source: Singapore Trade Development Board & Timber Newsletter, 1987 Table 19: SZNWAPORE TRAOE FIGURES ('000 SS) c.i.f. f.o.b. f.o.b. f.o.b. Import Domestic Re-export. Tota I Exports Exports Pu I pwood 1987 127 32 315 347 i988 205 12 491 603 Wood In the rough 1987 29,019 1 9,253 9,254 1988 36,428 22 18,329 18,351 Wood shaped or worked 1987 262,086 38,249 463,300 488,549 I9 0 271,521 40,461 489,112 529,683 Veneer a plywood 1987 274,807 147,390 376,341 523,731 1988 349,868 174,121 477,149 861,270 Wood Manufactures n.e.s. 198? 36,603 42,890 22,753 86,843 1988 42,551 68,399 29,483 97,882 Furniture 1987 222,728 206,786 57,364 283,150 1988 242,034 276,631 63,228 339,859 Sourco: Singapore Department of Trade Annual Statistics, 1939 Table 20: MAJOR TRADING PARTNERS OF SINGAPORE Imports Exports Plywood Taiwan Wood in the rough Burma India Malaysia Taiwan USA Pakistan Wood shaped or worked Malaysia Japan Burma Taiwan USA Netherlands Veneer & plywood Malaysia United Kingdom Taiwan Hong Kong Burma Belgium Wood manufactures n.e.s. Malaysia United Kingdom China Japan Thailand United Arab Emirates Furniture Malaysia USA USA Japan Japan Hong Kong N.B. Countries in order of trading importance Source: Singapore Department of Trade & Import/Export Statistics, 1989 Table 21: HONG KONG FOREST PRODUCTS TRADE - 1987 Type of Product Estimated/Recorded Consumption (m3) Plywood 400,000 Veneer 3,000 Reconstituted Panels 2,600 Blockboard 52,700 Moulding 2,300 Non-Coniferous Timber 86,480 Non-Coniferous Logs 506,295 Source: Hong Kong Department of Trade. Manufacturing statistics, 1987. N.B. Panels are reported in square meters, the remainder in actual cubic meters. Accuracy is thus impaired. rak1I Z: 4CNC '(M TR74e PFSCWU (Jan - 0Dc 19q8) SIports Do_otic Eusort Re-0a e ta Quantiety Value Quantity Valu* Quantity Value Pulpeeod in chloe or perticle l,C00 t6.000 22,180 *4,300 T*eakood in rOugh or roughly squared 18.634 ",644,512 8,9SS 38,752.000 Sandalwod in rough or oughly Squared 440.447 10, 84 291 437,248 15,198,000 Oecorati,v wooda in the rough 7,608 33,19.,331 4,061 20,418,000 failva1 or Trumay oleepers 291 134,219 Lambor con ifer *imply worked 14,304 17,138,597 2,284 4,494,B43 reakwood aonvers"ion. Sd suare. 17,074 691,262,69 9,41 " 57,647,698 Sendalwood *imply worked 28,961 2,076.228 2,90 9a.8r0 Oecorative wgood NES simply woked S33 3,068,560 5,511 24,923,201 Veneer heet 9,02T,S5 33,607,973 4,690,031 17,492,949 Plywood 66,395,499 1,315,326,963 38,59,s52 579,361,974 Reconstitute wood 1,006,049 19,629,S316 522.020 17,448,378 Blockboard lasinboord etc. 31. 64 776 363,612.934 16 M.3,744 273.621,231 Wood beadingw and couldings 14,072,478 1,202,B00 6,88a Wood s.mply shaped worked NO 35,633,059 2.s94.161 17,092,514 Iooden boxes, crates, cam *tc. 1,02,00 1,39S,0O6 1,017,163 Article. of ood NeS 12.272,381 6s,409,loo 110,137,779 fibreboord of woo o a denity > 0.86/cc 1,16,166 S.5s19,64 217.285 2,s7a,s79 flbreboard af wood of a density < 0.86/cc 1,382,817 28.266.416 483.84 S,9S0,W100 "heirs of wood 1,601,021 320.913,64 11.S9 5423.002 797,6U3 O.985.S10 pueniture tEs of wed 2.217,592 62.S64".SU 380,028 301,7?,091 Purniturs end pats thereaf NMS of other eateriale S4.250,197 12,629.62 Pfrt NES of odn furniture 61,366,819 is.043,185 Wd Wase 10,336,69 7,524,532 8,195,703 4,137 Domestic or d ceortive article. of oood 114,e47,976 51,435,780 97,101.420 Table. of des. and table. of wood .28.697 24.175.341 46,22 24.7M.,810 B". and cribs of wood 6.379 3,946,656 S,741,906 Si Idre Woodwork 170,386,792 28.396,494 44,502,452 Wooden victure fr a e1c. 12.786,115 32.449,100 12,217,226 Woodeo household utensila 33,674,85 6.262.310 27.712,871 Lacquered ware wooden 17,n 771, 12 60 S,M20,671 Tools, handles of wood 1,3t2,86 4,06,6"4 5,601,758 Conifer loG in the rugh or roughly squarad 14,776 12. 19 162 3.314 39,00.000 man coniftr lo[e in roh or rouehly -se d 593.351 379.254,7 45,696 S2.732.000 No conifer lumber sisply n.*.&. worked 236,035 291,124,405 162. 6S 186,246,329 N.S. of re-eaport.. 95.9% of pacnls, escoet re-constituted one (746), are diepatched to China. The corresponding figur*s for mouldings are 2911, no-oniferoue an timber 8S0, and non-coniferous logs 241. Th- other roe-port market for logs i- Macau (766). Surce: Hong Kano Department of Trade 198 Tahb I tAJOiTIS IlTW BY IA "M CM[R al0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Wood 'Jos, w" Lunnffm ^y i *d s Li aiw Lawnh*,o~ Iaa I ~i.n MoudI ing. ' U2 ait.Mw L Laun Hhoa9y 6; p 8 9 10 a 11 12 19 t 4 tS 15d 16 1970 I 708 6,771 8,237 14 031 35.394 20.805 124.634 7 ,80 1" 988 4.025.720 8 034 1.075.531 700 182 130 703 1.000 81 06 1.283 1 424 6.314 6,204 25.076 2 477 24 981 151 eB7 1.124 52.731 290288 3.635 1071' j 166 3.327 8.740 11 410 43.277 20.848 125 359 4.021 182 60 4.077.883 8.372 1.2655688 002 076 164.800 51.000 22 494 1 450 1,010 7.416 4.327 27 221 1 740 27 SOS 180,423 1:245 74,015 40,24J 4,114 072 id 694 3,572, 7 949 13 "18 70,644 21 468 128 176 7. 38 230.297 6,151.099 10.070 1.615,710 1.568,544 272.661 IT,ooo 64 518 1,368 1.712 14,774 4B088 33.161 2,969 36.495 235.217 1.709 1,012 63,523 8,823 173 . 3 191 2.000 1914 13 350 655.67 23.265 115 207 14,303 3so.028 6.0655220 7,731 1.285.401 1.381,501 222.074 I,o000 22 8609 1296 1,257 14.760 6.1513 35027 6.491 65,366 284.371 1,676 106,727 73.064 8.307 1074 7d 882 3.426 12 254 14 414 68.460 28.616 "8.016 13.134 269 ,713 9446.065 8.108 962.515 053.196 206.411 51,000 t119 901 1,618 1.924 20,564 11.897 28.286 8,e53 68o007 208,162 2,102 92,285 60,248 9,949 1975 3d 312 1,503 7,211 7 834 30.508 22 746 32 608 15,277 112.924 3,468.821 10 256 841,512 778.960 170,208 ,ooo0 47 474 1,030 1.000 0.622 8,893 17.123 8,025 286540 1617901. 7 700 7, 413 50.617 7.889 1976 Id 645 1.150 8 678 3,713 53.324 18 274 71 241 16,973 135 096 3,495 18o , 612 I.135.290 1,773 671 262.037 1,000 106 494 1.224 8092 17.081 8, 07 23.200 12.846 37,022 210.05? 2.639 102.787 128,340 14.237 1477 Li 497 2.417 8,941 3.279 59 570 23 953 74 720 16 741 161,116 3,016 290 8,218 1.136,155 2,163.670 319,597 61,000 1i7 670 1,240 e81 17,648 A0244 24,313 17.018 48,858 210,671 2,214 121,500 168,858 18,676 1978 " 3 1,474 4 ,08 7 220 67,174 27,936 78.538 18,290 197.028 2,005 014 10.680 1.'71,971 3,064,771 393,239 t,ooo 1 509 1,250 16873 23.041 11, 98 28,769 13.200 88.348 161,158 2.680 149.678 271.029 28,08s 19079 / 315 1,063 7 403 5 000 48,086 43.09 50s271 8.141 151.265 1,270 ,47 5.601 020.637 1,481.053 197,481 11,ooo 31 303 1.210 1.144 28.711 12.013 28,050 30.183 90.470 200.623 2,723 160,307 U15.058 32,661 19080 td 18 1.013 7 403 5 000 45,88 43.999 60,271 8.141 151.265 1.270 497 5 601 9290,37 1.481 953 197.481 R. 000 12 509 1.074 1,119 25.656 24.437 23.537 10.497 65,385 148,861 2.293 138,354 183,877 17.435 108 it - 611 8 870 4 263 390353 42 730 44 410 14.118 156 w58 1.397 878 9,588 932 856 1. 51 1.531 228.092 61,c'oo - 332 1 313 1 069 23,359 31 355 20 273 15.011 63 310 230 747 3.937 132.928 187,711 19.717 1982 Id00 1t 803 10.172 7,282 18,480 24,848 33,014 11,008 126.122 1,605,601 8.037 785.073 1.111.748 191.534 19 ,000 f14 382 1,889 1,235 10.027 18,410 14,432 12.762 46.548 17,6 010 2°170 107 565 125.091 14,002 1983 I.0d0 283 201 3,987 16 803 39.470 27. 08 26 620 18.876 1240866 2,70 221 7.468 842.918 1,172.983 199,503 as00 3 7 1 814 2.170 20.70 17, 298 11,730 1868 63 50,784 267.088 2,288 115.081 148.524 17,783 1984 Li00 280 509 3,789 23.557 43,298 45.261 31,205 21,838 162,676 2,223.183 SO800 880,425 1,160.802 172.so? 51,000 20 287 791 3.110 20.730 20,510 13.962 10.332 74,976 210.248 390016 552.407 1$7.096 1811 586 a Spanish cedar, Maple, Birch. Burch. Wakal. Lk Speci.e are unspecifiod. L Riau end Teak. Ld Logo and luuber en MP, plywood and veneer tn HSf, wood moulding in HLF. Source: Dopartme.t. of Commerc. Table 24: MAJOR IMPORTERS OF WOODCHIPS ('COO m3) Importer 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 World 17,342 19,345 16,640 14,446 14,901 16,155 15,645 17,188 18,380 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Japan 15,003 15,936 12,508 11,325 11,402 12,152 11,812 12,044 13,783 I 87 82 75 78 77 75 76 70 75 Sweden 269 1,161 1,748 680 411 495 743 1,047 1,117 2 2 6 11 5 3 3 5 6 6 USA 899 981 980 814 1,087 737 642 849 615 Z 5 5 6 6 7 5 4 5 3 Norway 211 248 342 264 349 563 452 635 697 2 1 - 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 Finland 98 58 206 579 776 674 334 176 222 t >1 >1 1 4 5 4 2 1 1 Taiwan 192 192 192 49 49 228 239 356 337 z 1 1 1 <1 <1 1 2 2 2 Austria 380 475 616 545 3 2 3 4 3 source: FAO, Yearbook of Forest Products 1989 (Importers' reports) Table 25: MAJOR EXPORTERS OF WOOD CHIPS ('000 m3) Exporter 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 'World 14,791 17,469 15,574 13,824 13,640 14,437 14,358 14,686 16,861 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 AustraLia 4,957 6,599 6,132 5.655 5,435 6,576 6,756 6,582 7,364 2 . 34 38 39 41 40 46 47 45 44 USA 6,530 6,498 5,147 4,151 3,651 3,375 3,361 3,521 3,692 2 44 37 33 30 27 23 23 24 22 Canada 1,291 1,488 1,450 1,254 1,537 1,312 1,238 1,121 1,002 2 9 9 9 9 11 9 9 8 6 USSR 482 547 552 425 385 370 360 652 770 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 5 New Zealand 350 400 487 546 650 750 600 tO0 700 2 2 2 3 4 5 5 4 4 4 Indonesia* 3 38 282 306 663 s >1 >1 2 2 4 Chile 184 670 1 4 Sweden 111 319 298 259 396 485 399 389 445 2 1 2 2 2 3 4 2 3 3 PNG 170 131 95 148 154 158 127 100 100 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 N.B. Indonesia's export volumes surpassed Malaysia's in 1986, but Malaysia has returned; European trade.largely within Europe. Japan's imports of woodchips in 1987 were 12,862,000 m3 of which 54Z were from Australia; 282 from the U.S.A.; 52 from Sweden, 4Z from Canada, 4X from New Zealand, and 32 from Malaysia. Source: FAO, Yearbook of Forest Products 1989 (Exporters' Reports). TIc21t: US 1a711>TS OF WOW 1t1a AND PANIS TtVEOF BY AJIR SUPPLYH0 COURY IaI±.M ~~~~~(Million, of olr.) Country 1on 1978 1979 1980 1081 1982 198S 1964 1065 Taiwan 48.6 78.1 318.6 100.0 184.1 161.0 224.0 290.6 396.0 69.0 Caunsa 2S.9 51.0 46.9 68.t 60.9 79.2 104.3 160.2 191.0 231.1 Italy 17.4 25.4 80.2 80.0 20.7 88.0 47.3 84.0 141.1 187.4 YVgoslovie 40.2 69.4 60.1 70.1 02.6 04.1 69.t 116.6 140.7 129.0 DOnnark 85.0 48.7 58.9 68.6 60.1 .5 S.6 a 0. 1 77.5 104.2 Wbet C*rmany 4.1 10.6 14.9 12.8 16.S 19.4 27.7 42.6 70.4 103.7 UAnit0d Kinodoo 24.6 82.8 86.8 9S.2 36.4 84.9 42.6 46.0 56.9 54.1 RONico 7.0 18.2 15.7 19.2 28.6 39.2 E0.6 Singapore 16.6 20.1 25.8 80.4 40.7 44.1 S2.7 45.6 South Korna * 15.4 20.6 20.2 23.9 40.5 Otherr 117.4 145.2 210.0 279.8 309.7 Total 286.7 400.7 600.1 66.4 601. 650.09 6S.6 l.189.0 1.S79.6 18116.1 Source; Compi led from officiel statistics of US Departent of Commerce. I Table 27: INDIAN SUBCONTINENT LAND AREA India Subcontinent Area SM Sq Population Bangladesh 144,800 109,500,000 Bhutan 46,500 1,500,000 India 3,288,000 816,800,000 Nepal 147,100 18,300,000 Pakistan 804,000 103,800,000 Sri Lanka 65,400 16,600,000 India Subcontinent 4,495,800 1,066,500,000 World 150,142,300 5,112,000,000 India Subcontinent 3 21 Z of World Total Table 28: INDIAN SUBCONTINENT Population Growth Rates by Decade (Percent Growth Per Annum) 65-75 75-85 84-90 90-95 95-2000 Bangladesh 2.75 2.82 2.64 2.49 2.27 Bhutan 2.00 2.05 2.06 1.95 1.84 India 2.29 2.03 1.74 1.63 1.46 Nepal 2.31 2.40 2.30 2.29 2.15 Pakistan 2.71 2.99 2.26 2.46 2.15 Sri Lanka 2.00 1.77 1.49 1.24 1.11 Source: FAO, Forestry Paper 84, Forest Products World Outlook . Projections, 1988. Table 29; INDIAN SUBCONTINENT ECONOMIC STATISTICS Ch Per Capita Consumer Price Budget Surplus/ Trade Curt Acct For Roservos Public Debt 87 USS Billion Incose 1997 USI Increose X 1i7 D teft X MDP Balance USS 1987 198o USS million Service Ratio X Indian Subcontinent Bangladosh 14.49 136.00 11.6 0.92 -1,169.0 827.9 24.2 Bhutan 0.22 140.00 14.4 na -93.6 41.0 16.0 India 182.61 200.00 1.5 n.s. -8,882.4 4,071.0 24.6 mepal 8.07 176.00 13.3 -1.70 -234.0 222.1 8.2 Pakstittn 84.48 890.00 8.0 -7.90 -719.0 800.0 28.4 Sri Lnka 6.68 3860.00 7.7 -8.70 -343.0 281.0 23.0 India Subcontinent 246.45 234.88 9.7 -8,430.9 6,809.0 20.4 .-~~I *ra.. 3tOIAJ SUSCrrNINr Lr JSTRIAL Q0U'aO00 PROJUCr1ON AND TWAO 1284-487 total tndueatrial SQundwaod V olw u me - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ :m ~Qcczwi'.etr 1,000 Cubic4 Meters MA l9J' 19 ac 1987 1964 -9-5 191I i967 Indis Subcontinet 8fuslade 883 681 8GA7 SW shufta 278 278 Vs6 278 tadia 226918 23,812 23,928 24,.04 20 20 39 60 Nasal 66O 6O am0 S60 Palgie*tn SII33 1,334 1,340 1,347 17 18 32 32 Sri L"aka a7" 686 666 a76 tndia Subcontinent ~2.S501 27.8n, 27,61 27.70 37 38 431 622 world 1.8311.806 1.U13.72 1 76.609 1,633,06 107.290 109. US 112.939 120.Sta tndia Subcontin.nt 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 6 at world Total rotal !ndu,eIal 5oUndflod 1,000 Cubic Nate 1S84 1918 1965 16il1 1197 .'dla Subcontinent Bnadesh S 84a 867 8 S shfutm 7 7 7 7 271 271 271 271 India 7 1 6l 61 2201 20,201 24.296 24,833 Ne#aI1 126 126 126 126 434 A"4 A" 434 Pal, i etan 1. 1i 1.3,3 1.372 1.379 Sri Lanika en 686 668 676 India Subcontinent 140 134 194 194 26,328 27.492 27,8MG , ,- World 10.,S 103.201 104.732 118.lS 1,8.LSfi02 1.512.443 1.884,483 1.68. 435 India Subcontinent 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 I World Total Conifer Industrial Reundwaod lrAd.od Industrial Poundreo4 Voluee rduction Pr ducticn 1,000 Cubic iMt*ra 194 165 9116 1S7 1964 195197 India Subcontifnnt Bangladesh 8am a8" 847 8a! Shutan ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~276 276 278 276 ,IndDia2 2,82 2.78 2,7n0 2,761 20,326 21.124 21,198 21.273 Pk** l 20 20 20 20 860 540 540 540 Pakistan 215 2t0 250 250 916 1.084 1.090 1.097 Sri Lanka 672 68S 6Su 678 India Subcontinent 2 77 3, 3,0S0 3,001 23,624 24,580 24.621 24,712 World 1,034.907 1.032.375 1.086$.37 13,3I,953 476.201 474.423 468,972 49, 137 India Subcontinent 0 0 0 0 S S S S S of World Total -= VOIMU SUSCi N841 SAW AN 4SEM 100 PR0C OD=CN A*0 a e 1984-47 _ _ aq/~~Seuoaa ard Ven-ee I,oc- Volume Poduec,on -~ olneOt 1.000 Cubic *sero 1sw4 6 SWe4 - 9-- 91 1"93 1901' India Subcontinent sangI.delz A" 447 047 4t7 Bhutan 230 244 240 240 Indio 17,SJ.8 18,350 ta.350 1S,350 20 20 39C 340 Nagai Ho0 "a0 860 8 Pluletan SZ 1.013 1.013 1,013 17 17 31 31 Sri I.anlth 18B 88 128 152 ndia Subcentinns 19,779 20.7as 20,7J8 20.786 37 37 30 $91 World 907,400 907. 73 960,614 1.00, 820 81,967 63.08 63.88 6.s 0 IndliSaubcowsInMnt 2 2 2 2 0 0 S Y of World Toal .~~~~~~~~~~810 .~ .~.e . . Volum_ a aad V"-"e lNe. 1.000 Cublo ,ater 8 1944 196i 1 1--7 India Subontianent Sangib I &l4 4" 4t7 437 447 S3ute 7 7 7 7 238 233 2S3 233 India 7 1 61 6a 17,331 18.869 15.688 19.119 N.,. I 12 128 12 1 76 434 4346 434 434 Puik Iatn a80 1,00 104 S 1,044 Sr; i nl.a 1i 18 128 India Subcontinent 140 134 194 194 19,t67 20,688 20,994 21.4b5 world 60.4al 82.6t7 61.88 98.364 906,868 989,220 eti2.933 1.000,86 ndia Subcnstinent 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 s of WrId Tatel _ _ *~~~~q~ onfa Saelftp *nd Venn, L4n Vol urnI, Iveort 1.000 Cubic Meter 19845 1457r---- 9 1985 1966 Iq India Svbcon;inent bngl ade" Shuten India 2,421 2.538 2.m31 2.C831 NeasI 9S9 290 200 92S Pul I tsn 19 230 13 0 3 Sri Looks dia Subcontinent 3,609 3.75t 3,738 3,750 5 1 1 I World 644,931 661.617 892,.I6 729,887 31.069 33.169 32,631 34,972 India Subcontinent 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 f of Worl id TotaI Volume (Ce,nip.fee Saleo" 2nd Veer Lana 1,000 Cubic Neter, 1964 . 6 16 *987 19a4 1965 6l6 19a7 d Subcotinent Ia0l *desk Shlun Indio 2.428 2,5S36 £.S3M 2.538 iel 99O 990 990 990 POiCt.n- 201 231 231 231 Sri Lanka Indio Subcontinent 3,814 3,759 3,?79 3,789 world 30,88 32,t09 32,66 38,712 64,137 52,s177 692,334 778,847 Indi Subcontinent 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 li of World tota I 1.000 C,jbic Mot M 8 1199 19 6 1987 4 - t 988 lOSe Igaa 1167 Inc Subconlinent Sanglad.sh 486 48r 467 487 8huteu 240 240 240 240 7 7 7 7 tndia 5lOq0 15,812 15,812 15,812 20 20 309 "0 7 1 f6t 61 Nepa 5 40 540 540 540 Polli" 6 s 820 783 78 783 11 17 31 31 Sri L,anks U15 U1t L28 to Tndia Subomnsinent 17,140 I?,00? 17,070 17,t00 31 37 430 801 140 'A4 104 194 Weold 260,468 25,121 268,4A7 2m,033 308,87 29,8W 31,053 31,688 20,50 20,8 28,903 32,672 India Subamtin*nt 7 7 7 7 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 of Worid To Il =It2 nd Vmnair Loas 1,000 Cubic motere 984 1 1986 1987 India Sub3mtinen' flnan adceh 484 487 487 487 oh.?;. 23i 2S3 223 233 India 15,106 Lt,6311 8,1m 8,611 Ne*l *14 414 414 414 Pak iat" nSW 800 674 874 Sri Lanka 1i 1Si 128 128 Indio Subcantin.nt 17,031 17,900 18,206 18,687 World 261.751 258,081 270,507 272,049 India Subeoatinmnt 7 7 7 7 of world Total -an-n 32: :MIAM SUKCgQVThW4 SAW A0 VY4M E.0O PROOUCrON AO0 rRsAE 1964-87 ,, for. Sawrn.eed Vol uWC-P -tion _-._ _ 1,000 Cu o;M 19864 1988 18 1167 1984 1988 1168 1987 rndia S114conzi nts Sanglad.6 Sndia 2.160 2.374 2.374 2,374 1 2 2 2 NmAI 10 10 10 t0 Paai s n 40 40 40 40 8 10 1 2 12 Sri Iank. India Subcwtin64t 2.210 2,424 2.424 2.424 0 13 14 14 world 343,111 347,182 3d ,44? 377272 70.40 72,30 MM73.7 73. 60 ?ndi Subcatsin.nt I 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 I of wol§d Ye".I Vol U. . 1,000 Cubi c tar 18 196' 196 lse7 !,4e 19Notate6 116 India Subaontin.nt Bangladesh 464 447 447 4C7 bhustn 7 7 7 7 23I 29S3 23 233 ndina 7 A1 GI 17,531 18,369 18,d81 19.119 Nol I26 12 412 2 '434 44 44 AU4 Phi~n 6o 1,¢ 0 ." 1.044 Sri Lanka 18 18 la 12 118 India Subcetinant 140 18 194 194 19.476 0.6688 20,994 21.4U world 60.481 62.54? 61.586 68,364 906,U83 "9,228 942.933 1,000,8w VWdi Subot8in.nt 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 S of warld Tes I 1.000 Cibia Notate 1W84 3,9q3s38 1987 1*94 161 6 1987 1984 198 18 1987 India Subcontinent sanaladah 144 93 73 73 S 11 5 5 SMa tn 5 S S 8 Ind41 13,498 14,884 14.834 4,864 4 1 3 6 2 2 2 Naal 210 210 210 210 Pal i stan 112 72 " 61 Sri Lank, 19 19 1s 16 13 7 India Subcontinent 13,677 1S,l16 16,138 13.138 1V0 07 1 84 5 2 2 2 World 13,961 114,806 117.006 12.73A 12,380 12.316 12.S57 16.464 12,579 11,887 12.815 15,981 India Subcontinent 12 13 13 12 1 1 1 I 0 0 0 0 a of Woorld Tota Volume 1,000 Cubic "m 115 1 1988 1967 Sndi; Subcontinent mnelId.ah 18 104 78 78 lhn 0 a 5 S Indis 13.4S9 14,888 14,683 14,636 Naipa 210 210 210 210 PakIsuan 112 72 6 6 Sri Lanka 26 32 23 23 India Subcontinent 14,002 15,258 15,217 15.220 World 113,702 115,232 11S,786 121,727 India Subcontinent 12 13 13 13 S of wor ld Tot I 'slo#33: :OIA4 SiMcOMtNEW LW0oc 4OC0 Vei( SHEIrS ROUC'OrN AIo 'We :so'-a7 1,000 Cabic t.95 T39 1162.96 aO8 India subcotinent India 360 360 360 360 2 2 6 6 6 6 4*00l 9ag i outi 3 a 3 Sri Lanka 14 13 7 7 9 9 8 8 India Subacntinnt 376 377 371 371 9 10 i1 11 6 6 a a World ".010 4,66 47,749 46,969; 7,406 7,663 8,825 11,148 8,02 6,634 9,62S 11.231 Sodis Subcontinen t I I I I 0 0 0 0 a a 0 0 S of Welrid Totai 1,000 Cuabi moorsIe6e ------ 1105 MY690 India Subcontinent 8hut~~~~~ 364 354 384 384 India Ne.al 3 4 4 4 pail i rt" c23 23 Is 1 Sri L.nka 301 3S 374 378 Indi Subcontinent 43.336 43,692 44,94 46,904 mdis Suibcntinmnt 12 13 13 13 s of Wrtld Tt1atl 1,000 Cubic e. 196 I'm I'm* 17 t9a4 t9e8 196 197 19M4 195 1 17 India Subcontinmnt Bangladesh 1 1 1 India 4 4 4 4 3 3 17 4 Pak i I I Sri Let. grdio Subentin nt S5 5 5 1 I 1 1 3 3 17 4 W'orld , 4 907 4, 03 4,792 5,134 1,900 1,347 1,62 2,024 2.008 1.79t 1.63q 1,962 Sndio Subem+in nt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 of world Totl v.,.. Shet _ _ Vol .u _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 1,000 Cubic eta$re t98- 1901 1980 1987 IM i* Subcontinent Snglsdea 1 1 1 1 Sidi 1 1 13 0 Pieten 1 1 1 1 * Sri L.anba India Subcontinent 3 3 17 2 World 4,801 4,880 4,779 5,196 -dig Subcontinent 0 0 0 0 t of World Total Table 34: 'WOOD CONSUMPTION AND TRADE - INDLAN SUBCONTINENT Actual Proiected 1986 1987 1990 1995 2000 Total Roundwood (CT1M million) Consumption 327.4 333.9 349.2 280.0 410.7 Tndustrial Roundwood (CUM million) Consumption 27.6 28.4 29.6 34.0 38.6 Wood for Pulp (CUM million) 3.1 na 3.3 4.1 5.0 Sawnwood (CUM million) Production 17.8 17.8 17.8 20.0 22.1 Consumption 18.0 17.9 18.9 21.9 25.4 Net Imports 0.13 0.1 1.1 2.0 3.2 Wood Panel (CUM million) Production 529 529 675 856 1,083 Consumption 532 534 700 905 1,172 Net Imports 3 5 25 49 89 Pulp and Paper (mt '000) Consumption 2,878 3,168 3,735 4,423 Wood Pulp Production 748 763 919 1,112 Wood Pulp Consumption 842 842 990 1,173 Net Wood Pulp Imports 94 79 71 61 Note: Tables may not add due to rounding. Source: FAO, 1988. Table 35: INDIAN SUBCONTINENT PROJECTIONS ROUNDWOOD CONSUMPTIONS 1990 - 2000 WITH 1986 ACTUAL Volume Total Roundwood Consumption 1,000 Cubic Meters 1986 1990 1995 2000 India Subcontinent Bangladesh 27,840 30,381 33.764 37,.167 Bhutan 3,217 3,594 3,938 4,289 India 250,267 265,814 287,844 309,659 Nepal 16,001 17,229 19,006 20,875 Pakistan 21,413 23,016 25,798 28,524 Sri Lanka 8,654 9,138 9,695 10,232 India Subcontinent 327,392 349,172 380,045 410,746 Source: FAO, Forest. Table 36: INDIAN SUBCONTINENT PROJECTIONS INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD CONSUMPTION 1990 - 2000 WITH 1986 ACTUAL Volume Total Industrial Roundwood 1,000 Cubic Meters 1986 1990 1995 2000 India Subcontinent Bangladesh 906 847 1,099 1,231 Bhutan 271 297 336 372 India 23,976 25,733 29,493 33,542 Nepal 434 456 480 505 Pakistan 1,358 1,510 1,707 1,928 Sri Lanka' 668 793 887 992 India Subcontinent 27,613 29,63C 34,002 38,570 Source: FAO, Forest. Table 37: .INDIAN SUBCONTINENT PROJECTIONS CONSUMPTION OF WOOD FOR PULP 1990-2000 WITH 1986 ACTUAL Volume Total Wood for Pulp Consumption 1,000 Cubic Meters 1986 1990 1995 2000 India Subcontinent Bangladesh 35 43 46 50 Bhutan India 3,097 3,282 4,009 4,919 Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka India Subcontinent 3,132 3,325 4,005 4,969 Source: FAO, Forest. Table 38: INDIAN SUBCONTINENT PROJECTIONS SAWNWOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION PULP 1990-2000 WITH 1986 ACTUAL Volume Savnvood and Sleepers Production 1,000 Cubic Meters 1986 1990 1995 2000 India Subcontinent Bangladesh 84 195 227 264 Bhutan 5 2 2 3 India 17,460 18,099 20,942 24,231 Nepal 220 253 293 339 Pakistan 174 315 383 467 Sri Lanka 28 46 55 66 India Subcontinent 17,971 18,910 21,902 25,370 Source: FAO, Forest. Table 39: I.NDIAN SUBCONTINENT PROJECTIONS SAWNWOOD NET IMPORTS 1990-2000 WITH 1986 ACTUAL Volume Sawnwood and Sleepers Net Imports 1.000 Cubic Meters 1986 1990 1995 2000 India Subcontinent Bangladesh 5 25 37 51 Bhutan 0 -4 -5 -6 India 0 790 1,652 2,745 Nepal 0 17 37 6d Pakistan 119 239 295 366 Sri Lanka 8 19 24 31 India Subcontinent 132 1,086 2,040 3,248 Sourcet FAO, Forest. Table 40: INDIAN SUBCONTINENT PROJECTIONS WOOD PANEL PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION AND NET IMPORTS 1990-2000 WITH 1986 ACTUAL Volume Wood Based Panels Production 1,000 Cubic Meters 1986 1990 1995 2000 India Subcontinent Bangladesh 13 19 24 30 Bhutan India 442 525 659 825 Nepal Pakistan 64 111 148 196 Sri Lanka 10 20 25 32 India Subcontinent 529 675 856 1,083 Source: FAO, Forest. Volume Wood Based Panels Consumption 1,000 Cubic Meters 1986 1990 1995 2000 India Subcontinent Bangladesh 13 14 17 22 Bhutan India 426 511 646 818 Nepal Pakistan 75 154 214 296 Sri Lanka 18 21 28 36 India Subcontinent 532 700 905 1,172 Source: FAO, Forest. Volume Wood Based Panels Net Imports 1,000 Cubic Meters 1986 1990 1995 2000 India Subcontinent Bangladesh 0 -5 -7 -8 Bhutan India -16 1-4 -13 -7 Nepal Pakistan 11 43 66 100 Sri Lanka 8 1 3 4 India Subcontinent 3 25 49 89 Source: FAO, Forest. Table 41: INDIAN SU3CONTINENT PROJECTIONS WOOD PULP PRODUCTION. CONSUMPTION AND IMLPORTS 1990-2000 WITE 1986 ACTUAL Volume Wood Pulp for PaRer Pioduction 1,000 Cubic Meters 1986 1990 1995 2000 India Subcontinent Bangladesh 31 40 46 52 Bhutan India 717 723 873 1,060 Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka India Subcontinent 748 763 919 1,112 Source: FAQ, Forest. Volume Wood Pulp for Paper Consumption 1,000 Cubic Meters 1986 1990 1995 2000 India Subcontinent Bangladesh 55 61. 69 79 Bhutan India 763 749 879 1,039 Nepal Pakistan 19 26 34 45 Sri Lanka 5 6 8 10 India Subcontinent 842 842 990 1,173 Source: FAO, Forest. Volume Wood Pulp for Paper Net Imports 1,000 Cubic Meters 1986 1990 1995 2000 India Subcontinent Bangladesh 24 21 23 27 Bhutan * India 46 26 6 -21 Nepal Pakistan 19 26 34 45 Sri Lanka 5 6 8 10 India Subcontinent 94 79 71 61 Source: FAO, Forest. Table 42: MALAYSIAN EXPORTS TO INDIAN SUBCONTINENT March 1989 January-March 1989 Vol me FOg Value /a Vol me FOB value m MS m MS PENINSULAR MALAYSIA Logs 148 118.14 148 118.14 Sawntimber Sri LanXa 452 238.16 855 239.11 Pakistan 131 459.19 579 396.72 India - - - All-Average 319,907 463.39 781,927 466.33 Graded Sawntimber Sri Lanka - - - - All-Average 175,708 610.40 425,572 621.96 Kiln Dried 57,375 856.48 132,553 361.98 Ungraded Sawntimber Sri Lanka - - 27 213.22 All-Average 144,199 284.25 356,355 230.47 Pa kistan 32 72i.81 32 721.81 India - - 116 825.04 All-Average 4,631 711.79 11,361 .665.48 Pl=od AII;Average 53,843 753,08 140,170 780.40 Blockboard Ali-Average 5,644 663.51 8,512 637.36 Mouldinsts All-Average 32,896 1,368.22 84,974 1,336.29 SABAH I- a22,700 237.36 431,200 237.06 Pakistan - -- - All-Average 685,800 266.80 8,247,600 261.76 Savnvood India _ Pakistan - - - - All-Average 103,800 535.35 1,033,200 503.36 SARAWAR Inia 50,500 152.75 559,000 156.14 Pakistan - - 2:900 138.28 All-Average 1,146,700 158.81 12,293,200 150.47 Sawntimber India ~~~~- -- All-Average 25,600 671,45 205,400 729.77 /a ?752.75 = US$1.00 April 1989. Source: Maskayu, Malaysian Timber Industry Board, Ministry of primary industries, Vol 3, May 1989 Table 43 India Thousand of metric tonneo (UT) or cubic metors (CUM) Percent Annual Crowth Rate 1975 1988 199o 1996 2000 1975 1984 1990 1996 -1986 -1990 -1995 -2000 Roundwood ^ Consumption CUM 198,204 2S0,287 286,814 287,844 309,859 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.5 Fu*lwood and Charcoal Consumption CWU 181,923 226,291 239,881 2S8,362 276,117 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.3 Industrial Roundwood Consumption CUM 10,281 23,978 25,983 29,493 33,S42 38. 2.1 2.6 2.8 Wood for Pulp Consumption CUM 1,173 3,097 8,282 4,009 4,919 9.3 3.8 4.1 4.2 Sawnwood and Sleeper. Production CUM 8,804 17,480 17,309 19,290 21,488 9.7 1.8 2.2 2.2 Consumption CUM 6,798 17,480 18,099 20,942 24,231 9.8 2.4 2.9 2.9 Wood-Basod Panels Production CUM 172 442 525 ag9 626 10.4 3.9 4.7 4.8 Consumption CUM 163 428 511 640 81S 11.3 4.0 4.7 4.7 Total Flbre Furnish Consumption MT 973 3,093 3,3t7 4,021 4,814 12.5 3.1 3.8 3.7 Waste Paper Consumption MT 55 500 680 737 939 26.1 4.4 4.8 4.9 Pulp for Paper Consumption MT 918 2,593 2,796 3,284 3,874 11.1 2.9 3.3 3.4 Othor Fibre Pulp Consumption UT 8so 1,830 2,048 2,406 2,838 11.4 3.0 3.2 3.3 Wood Pulp for Paper Production MT 254 717 723 873 1,060 10.1 3.1 3.9 4.0 Consumption MT 268 763 749 879 1,039 10.3 2.5 3.3 3.4 Mechanical Wood Pulp Production UT 20 1S0 130 144 1SO 21.6 1.7 2.1 2.1 Consumption UT 21 174 144 1S2 169 23.8 0.5 0.9 0.9 Chemical Wood Pulp Production UT 234 587 593 729 900 R.4 3.4 4.2 4.3 Consumption MT 246 689 603 727 680 8.3 2.9 3.7 3.8 Total Paper and Peperboard Production UT 911 5689 803 727 880 8.3 2.9 3.7 3.8 Consumption MT 1,026 2,029 2,297 2,87S 3,604 6.8 4.0 4.8 4.8 Newsprint Production MT 62 2S0 231 267 368 14.9 4.1 4.6 4.4 Consumption Tr 163 417 487 692 720 11.2 3.4 3.9 3.9 Printing and Writing Paper Production UT 604 8SO 1,001 1,281 1,654 6.0 4.3 4.5 4.8 Consumption UT 507 895 1,090 1,413 1,832 5.5 4.7 5.2 6.2 Other Paper and Paperboard Production MT 35S 700 671 790 936 6.7 2.3 3.3 3.4 Consumption MT 367 717 720 870 1,051 5.6 3.0 3.8 3.8 Source: FAO, World Outlook Projections, 1988. Table 44: Pckistan Thousand of metric tonnes (MT) or cubic meterv (CUM) Percent Annual Orowth Rate 1976 1986 1990 1906 2000 197S 1984 1990 1995 -1986 -1990 -1996 -2000 Roundwood Consumption CUM 16,090 21,413 23,106 26,798 2,862 3.3 2.2 2.3 2.0. Fuetwond and Charcoal Conoumption CUM 14,602 20,056 21,606 24,091 26,696 3.0 2.1 2.3 2.0 IndustrIaI Roundwood Consumption CUM 481 1,358 1,510 1,70? 1,928 9.9 4.6 2.6 2.4 Sawnwood and Stoepr. Production CUM 79 65 76 88 101 -3.9 6.6 2.8 2.8 Consumption CUM 110 174 316 383 467 6.3 8.4 3.9 3.9 Wood-sased Panelt Production CUM 27 64 111 148 19t 8.7 11.4 6.9 6.8 Consumption CUM 36 76 154 214 296 7.6 14.0 6.7 8.4 Total Fibre Furnish Consumption MT 87 137 230 24t 379 6.1 9.2 6.1 6.2 Wwete Paper Consumption MT 30 10 48 as 88 -0.9 9.2 8.0 6.1 Pulp for Papor Consumption MT 37 127 182 230 291 7.4 9.1 4.8 4.8 Other Fibre Pulp Conoumption MT 60 108 166 196 246 7.2 8.8 4.5 4.8 Mechanical Wood Pulp Production MT 2 2 2 2 2 -1.9 3.6 1.3 1.3 Consumption MT Chemical Wood Pulp Production MT 6 17 24 32 42 12.3 10.3 6.6 5.6 Consumption MT Total Paper and Paperboard Production MT 6B 73 147 19 267 3.3 11.9 6.1 6.2 Consumptlon MT 124 240 838 504 663 6.8 11.0 6.8 5.8 Newsprint Consumption MT 7 40 s8 74 94 19.9 8.8 4.8 4.8 Printing and Writing Paper Production MT 17 2S es it 1s6 7.1 12.3 6.2 6.3 Consumption MT 62 8S 139 189 2S7 2.3 10.1 8.1 8.1 Other Paper and Paperboard Production MT 39 48 84 112 161 1.2 11.6 8.0 6.1 Consumption MT 61 11 186 241 312 6.2 11.3 S.2 6.2 Sour'e: fAO, World Outlook Projoctions, 1988. Table 46: Bangladesh Thousand of metric tonnes (MT) or cubic metera (CUM) Percent Annual Growth Rate 1975 1986 1990 1996 2000 1975 1984 1990 1995 -1986 -1990 -1995 -2000 Roundwood Consumption CUM 20,817 27,840 30,381 33,764 37,167 2.7 2.3 2.1 1.9 Fuelwood and Charco*l Consumption CUM 19,911 28,998 29,283 32,633 36,791 2.8 2.2 2.1 1.9 Industrial Roundwood Consumptlon CUM 908 847 1,099 1,231 1,378 0.0 3.3 2.3 2.2 Wood for Pulp Consumption CUM 8 36 43 48 60 19.4 2.4 1.8 1.7 Sawnwood and Sleepers Production CUM 238 79 170 190 213 -6.7 3.4 2.3 2.2 Consumption CUM 240 84 195 227 264 -5.5 5.1 3.0 3.0 Wood-OSsed Panols Production CUM 48 13 19 24 30 -13.4 7.2 4.8 4.7 Consumption CUM 48 13 14 17 22 -13.4 1.5 4.7 4.7 Total Fibre Furnish Consumption MT 28 132 187 181 211 17.8 4.3 3.0 3.0 Pulp for Paper Consumption MT 29 132 167 181 211 17.8 4.3 3.0 3.0 Other Fibre Pulp Consumption MT 16 77 95 112 132 18.1 4.8 3.2 3.3 Wood Pulp for Paper Production MT 12 31 40 46 52 11.8 4.0 2.7 2.8 Consumption UT 12 56 81 89 79 17.3 3.5 2.4 2.8 Mechanicsl Wood Pulp Production MT 3 14 17 18 20 19.4 2.4 1.8 1.7 Consumption MT 3 17 19 19 20 21.6 1.2 0.4 0.5 Chomical Wood Pulp Production UT 9 17 23 27 32 7.7 6.4 3.6 3.6 Consumption MT 9 38 43 SO SO 1S.8 4.6 3.2 3.3 Total Paper and Paperboard Production MT 49 102 1683 194 232 10.4 6.3 3.8 3.6 ConsumptIon MT 43 91 158 199 262 10.5 8.8 4.7 4.8 Newsprint Production MT 20 46 81 88 77 10.6 3.8 2.4 2.4 Consumption MT 1S 28 49 80 74 10.1 S.8 4.0 4.0 Printing and Writing Paper Production MT 24 44 78 t8 123 8.8 7.3 4.7 4.7 Consumptlon 4T 24 51 80 104 136 9.2 7.1 6.3 S.3 Other Paper and Paperboard Production MT 5 12 24 28 32 18.1 4.0 2.8 2.9 Consumption MT 5 12 29 36 43 18.1 6.7 3.9 3.9 Source: FAO, World Outlook Projections, 1988. Tablo 48: Sri Lanka Thousand of mstric tona-e (UT) or cubic meters (CUM) Porent Annual Orowth Rat, 19?6 9886 l990 1995 2000 1976 1984 1990 1996 -1986 -1990 -1996 -2000 Roundwood Consumption CUM 7,118 8,854 9,138 9,89S 10,232 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.1 Fuelwood and Charcosl Consumption CUM 8,599 7,986 8,346 8,801 9,240 1.S 1.3 1.1 1.0 Industrial Roundwood Consumption CUM S17 G88 793 n7 992 3.2 2.4 2.3 2.2 Sawnwoed and SI-oprs Production CUM 38 20 27 ai 3S -6.3 2.8 2.6 2.8 Consumption CUYl 38 28 46 58 8 -0.5 4.1 3.8 3.8 Wood-eased PanoleI Production CUM 28 10 20 25 32 -4.6 6.7 6.2 5.1 Consumption CUM 38 16 2S 28 36 -4.0 -0.8 6.4 S.4 Total Fibre Furnish Consumption MT 21 17 29 38 48 -0.1 5.5 6.1 6.2 Wont Paper Consumption WT 9 8 11 1S 20 -1.9 8.1 5.8 5.8 Pulp for Paper Consumption MT 12 - 11 16 23 29 1.0 5.1 4.6 4.7 Othor Fibre Pulp Consumption MT 8 6 12 1S 19 4.9 4.8 4.3 4.3 Wood Pulp for Paper Consumption MT 8 S 6 8 10 -4.4 5.5 5.2 5.3 Chemical Wood Pulp Consumption MT 8 S 8 8 10 -4.4 6.4 5.1 5.2 Total Paper and Paperboerd Productlon MT 19 26 32 43 8 1.8 6.5 5.7 6.7 Consumption MT 38 s0 8a 107 138 6.7 6.8 5.2 6.2 Newsprint Consumption MT 7 1s 20 25 31 9.8 6.0 4.5 4.5 Printing end Writing Paper Production Mr 9 17 22 s0 39 5.9 6.6 5.8 6.8 Consumption MT 1S 23 35 46 82 S.1 6.3 6.8 5.8 Other Paper and Paperboard Production MT 10 8 10 13 17 -3.7 6.7 6.6 6.6 ConUuuption MT 11 22 29 38 46 7.0 6.4 4.1 4.7 Source: FAO, World Outlook Projections, 1988. Table 47: Nepnl Thousand of metric tonnes (MT) or cubic moters (CUM) Percent Annual Crowth Rate 1976 1986 1990 1996 2000 1975 1984 1990 1996 -1986 -1990 -1996 -2000 Roundwood Consumption CUM 12,421 18,001 17,229 19,008 20,87S 2.4 2.0 2.0 1'.9 Fuelwood and Charcoal Consumption C0U 12,023 15,567 16,773 18,525 20,309 2.4 2.0 2.0 1.9 Industrial Roundwood Consumption CUM 398 434 466 480 SOS 1.0 0.0 1.1 1.0 Sawnwood and Sleepers Production CUM 220 220 236 258 276 0.0 1.2 1.7 1.8 Consumption CUM 216 220 263 293 339 0.2 2.4 2.9 2,9 Total Fibre Furnish Consumption uT 18 1S 16 17 18 0.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 Pulp for Paper Consumption MT 16 16 16 17 18 0.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 Other Fibre Pulp Consumption WT 1S 1S 16 17 18 0.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 Total Paper end Paperboard Production MT 2 2 2 2 3 -1.4 3.4 4.6 4.7 Consumption MT 2 2 2 3 3 1.2 3.1 3.9 3.9 Other Paper and Paperboard Production MT 2 2 2 2 3 -1.4 3.4 4.8 4.7 Consumption MT 2 2 2 3 3 1.2 3.0 3.8 3.8 Source: FAO, World Outlook Projections, 1988. Table 48: Indas Thousand of metric tonnes (MT) or cubic meters (CUM) Percent Annual Growth Rate 197s 1986 1990 1996 2000 1976 1984 1990 1996 -1986 -1990 -1996 -2000 Roundwood C^nsumption CUM 2,810 3,217 3,694 3,938 4,289 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.7 Fuelwood and ChaYcosl Consumption CUM 2,672 2,948 3,296 3,602 3,918 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.7 Industrial Roundwood Consumption CUM 238 271 297 338 372 1.4 1.6 2.4 2.0 Sawnwood and Sleepers Production CUM 0 6 6 7 9 - 2.7 4.4 3.8 Consumption CUM 0 6 2 2 a - 3.0 4.8 3.8 Source: FAO, World Outlook Projections, 1988. Tskis: 4 VAE Of IWPORTS OF PRNST PfM=TS SY HFX. EASTW COISRIES in lot1 O*8'000 mill.) based P 1 and based Pap. so Middle East Countr i Total Rrudeod Sawnsood panels Woodpulp poaperrd Rouadaood Soon**od poanl woodp.lp Paperboard OBarain 26.2 4.0 - 16.0 4.2 15.3 - 61.1 I 23.6 Iran 179.8 21.6 17.0 85.1 17.9 8e.2 12.0 9.S 19.5 10.0 49.0 Iraq 11.9 0.1 89.0 20.1 0.8 5S.8 - 33.8 14.2 0.1 4? ) zeroal 221.7 80.6 84.5 8.8 22.1 126.2 13.0 15.6 3.7 10.0 56.9 Jordan 60.4 2.8 8.8 34.4 - 87.1 8.8 10.9 23.6 - 61.4 tWusait 102.4 2.8 17.0 48.4 - 87.2 2.8 16.6 44.8 - 6.S L.ebatowi 70.8 0.8 87.0 8.5 - 29.5 0.4 52.6 6.0 42.0 man 87.6 0.6 1:7 15.1 - 20.2 1.6 4.5 40.2 5 82.7 Qatar 16.7 0.2 6.5 - 10.0 1.2 - 88.9 - S9.9 Saudi Arabia 265.0 88.* 47.0 103.5 - 70.7 12.8 21.4 39.1 - 26.7 Syria 97.4 4.4 48.0 11.6 42.4 C.5 44.1 i1.9 - 43.5 Yoe"n, IR.Rop. 3.4 0.8 0.9 1.5 - G.7 8.8 26.6 44.1 - 20.6 TOTAL 1,196.2 97.0 253.? 281.0 40.0 52S.7 8.1 21.2 23.5 3.4 43.8 Womb 80,089.6 10,671.9 11.229.2 7.226.) 12.7S6.4 83,813.7 13.2 14.0 9.0 15.9 42.2 Source: FAD Yearbook of For4st Products 1989; 11P Annual Rport 1986. Table 50: LAND AREA. POPULATION, & GNP OF MIDDLE-EASTERN COUTNTRIES Total Land Area Population Gross National Product ('000 km2) (millions) US$ mill. USSlcpt. Bahrain 1 0.40 4,200 10,510 Iran 1,648 42.51 161,540 3,800 Iraq 43J 14.66 41,780 2,850 Israel 21 4.18 20,660 5.370 Jordan 98 3.24 5,310 1,640 Kuwait 18 1.70 21,330 17,880 Lebanon 10 2.62 2,490 950 Oman 300 1.18 7,460 6,250 Qatar 11 0.28 5,940 21,210 Saudi Arabia 2,150 10.44 127,680 12,230 Syria 185 9.60 16,900 1,760 Uziited Arab Emirates 84 1.21 27,670 22,870 Yemen A.R. 195 7.60 4,180 550 Yemen, Dem. Rep. 333 2.01 1,000 520 TOTAL 5,489 101.63 448,140 4,410 Source: FAO Yearbook of Forest Products 1984; UNDP Annual Report 1985. Tabl 6A: VOUe OF {IfVfRTS OF FtlRT PIt014CS SY HNILI ASST CauMRIES IN 107 Stun Tiaber Wood-400d Penai. Paper mad Paeprboard ________ ------------------_ _----------- - ----------- wood -- ---- ---------------------------- --- Roundsoad Total Softwood Nardeod Total Pliyaod Prtcl./Bd Fibrjgd Pulp Totbl Neaprat PrrtiMrks OUh*rs COOO as)…'--_-_--------- toi I$. t)- fObrain 36 60 - 00 40. 40* - - - 4 _ 2. 2. Iran 117 lot 10100 1* sea sEe 85 -- 86 125 10. Me 60. tIr 210 200D 10 S6 S2. 2* 8 2 *4. 34. 27. 23* Ilrael 21S 225 210 1s 25 1 9- - 48 204 68 to is Jordan 17 47 45* 2 4 46 - - 47 9 9 29 Kuwait 61 100. 100. -t 126 118 6. 2 - 65. 20- 16. 19. Le*bnon 16 100 100. -. 22 7T 14. -. - 61 4. 21. 26. Oman 26 74 8* g6a 63 62* 1 - - 1S. I 5 S Qatar 36 - - - l6. too - - 6. - 4* 2. Saudi Arabi 221 638 2405 233 330 10 t1 - 112 28 51 33 Syria 22 265 230 55s3 9 14 -72 5 4 Yee.*. 0... Rep. 6 29. as 21. 2 2* - - - 1- -. -. -. TOTAL 771 1,669 1,406 463 832 698 81 15 66 774 179 2#3 363 Source O YeArbook of Forest Product. 1209. oUnafficj.l figure. or etiestes. .~~~~~~~~~ Table 62: TRADE IN SAVO SOFTWOOD TO THE MIDDLE EAST IN 1984. ('000 .3) Exporters Importers Austria Finland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Yugoslavia USSR Canada U.S.A. Volum X of total Total Iran 119 8 8 - - - 112 - 289 97 277 Iraq 10 163 - - 1 164 6 - - - 834 99 33U Israel 2 109 80 - 2 28 44 - 17 10 240 go 261 Jordan - - - 29 - - - 1 30 100 30 Kuwait 9 - - - - - 7 - - - 18 94 17 Lebanon 12 - - - - 2 6 - - 16 34 100 34 Saudi Arabia 280 68 1 268 - 317 26 21 290 24 1,263 90 1,302 Syria 4 20 - - - 10 20 - - - 64 100 64 TOTAL 416 878 81 265 8 860 106 21 807 60 2,230 782 2,801 N.B. The definition of "Middle East' unfortunately excludeo som substantial trade flows, some of which dwarf those noted here e.g. 140.000 mg from Chile to Egypt (and from Chile to Turkey and othor parts of the *Middle East). Source: FAO The Middlo East accounts for only a tiny fraction of world Imports of sawn hardwood (1.95) and Saudi-Arabia accounts for most of this. In 1987 she imported 63,000 d8 of saon hardwood from Malaysia and 84,000 o3 from Singapore. However, she also acquired substantiol volumes from the Ivory Coast and Brazil. In 1984 Oman was a significant buyer from Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippnes. For plywood, tho overall ratio Is slailarly low. In this case Indonesian exports or. greatest, Saudi-Arabia Importing 317,000 *3 of tropical plywood in 1987, other sources being Malaysia, Taiwan, S. Korea, *nd Singapore. Kuwait and Egypt were also notable purchasers in recent yeors. Table 53: TRADE IN SAWN HARDWOOD BETWEEN SELECTED EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN EXPORTERS AND MIDDLE EASTERN IMPORTERS IN 1984 Total. (countries Tmporters Malaysia Philippines Singapore shown) (1,000 m3) Sawn hardwood Oman 29 13 9 51 Saudi Arabia 63 7 95 165 Total 92 20 104 216 (2 countries) Source: FAO Yearbook of Forest Products 1985. Table 54: PATTERN OF TRADE IN PLYWOOD BETWEEN REGIONAL GROUPS IN ls984 Exporters World~' ~ North RKst ot- Tmporters total Europe USSR America world /a (1000 m3) World 8,416 1,503 380 715 5,818 Europe 3,029 1,262 300 553 914 North America 1,412 23 12 78 1,299 8 Middle Eastern 287 23 - - 264 Rest of world 3,523 119 68 84 3,252 (I of world total) World 100.0 17.9 4.5 8.5 69.1 Europe 25.5 15.0 3.6 6.6 10.9 North America 11.9 0.3 0.1 0.9 15.4 8 Middle Eastern 2.4 0.3 - - 3.1 Rest of world 44.8 1.4 0.8 1.0 38.6 Table 55: PATTERN OF TRADE IN PAPER AND PAPERBOARD OTHER THAN NEWSPRINT BETWEEN REGIONAL GROUPS IN 1984 Exporters World North Rest of Importers total Europe USSR America world /a (1,000 mt) World 26,312 18,595 645 4,917 2,155 Europe 15,885 14,207 492 947 239 North America 2,974 1.011 - 1,821 142 8 Middle Eastern 382 234 - 148 - Rest of world 6,771 2,990 153 1,944 1,774 (2 of world total) World 100.0 70.7 2.5 18.7 8.2 Europe 60.4 54.0 1.9 3.6 0.9 North America 11.3 3.8 - 6.9 0.5 8 Middle Eastern 1.5 0.9 - 0.6 - Rest of world 25.7 11.0 0.6 7.4 6.7 la Including unidentified trade flows. Source: FAO Note: Detail may not add to total, becasue of rounding. Table 56: PATTERN OF-TRADE IN NEWSPRINT BETWEEN REGIONAL GROUPS IN 1984 Exporters World North Rest of Importers total Europe USSR America world /a (1,000 mt) World 13,272 4,015 341 8,411 505 Europe 3,349 2,966 218 160 5 North America 7,029 337 - 6,692 - 8 Middle Eastern 65 65 - - - Rest of world 2,726 385 123 1,518 500 (Z of world total) World 100.0 30.2 2.6 63.4 - Europe 25.2 22.3 1.6 1.2 - North America 53.0 2.5 - 50.4 - 8 Middle Eastern 0.5 0.5 - - - Rest of world 20.5 4.4 0.9 11.4 3.8 Table 57: TRADE IN NEWSPRINT AND OTHER PAPER AND PAPERBOARD BETWEEN REGIONAL GROUPS IN 1984 Exporters Newsprint Other paper and paperboard Importers Finland Sweden Finland Sweden US (1,000 mt) Iran 23.2 0.3 47.0 43.9 - Iraq - - - - - Israel 3.3 26.7 15.3 9.6 68.6 Jordan - - - - 4.3 Xuwait - - - - 1.9 Lebanon 5.3 - 10.2 6.7 23.2 Saudi Arabia - - - - 37.2 Syria - - - - Total 31.8 27.0 72.5 60.2 135.2 Table 58: EUROPEAN SOURCES OF SUPPLY OF FOREST PRODUCTS IN 1969-71 AND 1979-81 Volume Change over (million m3 RVE) 10 years 1969-71 2 1979-81 Z European removals 338 67 341 74 + 3 (+ 12) Indusrtail wood residues 29 9 44 6 + 15 (+ 522) Waste paper la 23 8 40 5 + 17 (+ 742) Imports from other regions 65 16 84 14 + 19 (+ 292) Total Suply 455 100 590 100 + 53 (+ 12Z out of which: European market 435 95 483 96 + 48 (+ 112) Export to other regions 20 5 26 4 + 6 (+ 302) Ia Converted from metric tons with the factor 2.5 Table 59: EUROPEAN CONSUMPTION SCENARIOS TO 2000 Scenario to 2000 Units 1970 1980 Low High Sawnwood m3 93 102 119 141 Woodbased panels. m3 23 36 50 58 Paper and paperboard m.t. 38 49 67 92 Fuelvood m3 69 72 86 109 Other indil wood m3 30 23 - 21 - Table 60: EUROPEAN CONSUMPTION SCENARIOS FOR SAWNWOOD AND WOOD-BASED PANELS 1979-81 Low scenario High scenario Average annual X change Avg. 1990 2000 1990 2000 Low High SAWNWOOD Nordic countries 10.75 10.39 10.97 10.80 12.19 + 0.1 + 0.6 EEC (9) 50.46 51.70 58.60 54.60 69.29 + 0.8 + 1.6 Central Europe 5.04 5.26 5.72 5.52 6.65 + 0.7 + 1.4 Southern Europe 14.32 16.30 20.79 17.91 26.83 + 1.9 + 3.2 Eastern Europe 21.75 22.95 22.95 24.08 25.88 + 0.3 + 0.9 EUROPE 102.32 106.60 119.03 112.91 140.84 + 0.8 + 1.6 of which: sawn softwood 78.15 80.52 86.94 85.25 102.47 + 0.5 + 1.4 sawn hardwood 22.37 24.29 30.30 25.87 36.58 + 1.5 + 2.5 sleepers 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 - - WOOD-BASED PANELS Nordic countries 2.57 2.68 3.08 2.92 3.78 + 0.9 + 1.9 EEC (9) 20.78 21.99 .26.16 23.41 31.83 + 1.2 + 2.1 Central Europe 1.35 1.45 1.73 1.55 2.15 + 1.2 + 2.3 Southern Europe 4.02 4.65 6.28 4.94 7.52 + 2.3 + 3.2 Eastern Europe 6.88 9.62 12.36 10.02 13.17 + 3.0 + 3.3 EUROPE 35.60 40.40 49.63 42.85 58.46 + 1.7 + 2.5 of which: particle board 23.82 28.36 36.13 30.16 42.52 + 2.1 + 2.9 plywood 5.44 5.61 6.61 6.02 8.20 + 1.0 + 2.1 fibreboard 4.45 4.53 4.99 4.77 5.84 + 0.6 + 1.4 veneer sheets 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 - - Table 61: ANNUAL WORLD WMPORT ESTIMATE BY PRODUCT GROUP 1979-1981 (mill. m3) World Europe 2 Logs 139.9 46.2 33.0 Sawnwood 76.3 33.8 44.3 Panels 16.3 10.1 62.0 Pulp 20.1 11.3 56.2 Paper and Paperboards 33.2 16.4 49.3 Total *(mill. m3 RWE) 506.4 231.7 45.7 Table 61a: WORLD IMPORT ESTIMATE, FOREST PRODUCTS 1980 mill. m3 RWE 2 Europe 225 47.4 USSR 5 1.0 Noth America 90 19.0 Latin America 14 2.9 Africa 9 1.9 Japan 71 15.0 Other Asia/Pacific 41 8.6 Unidentified 20 4.2 Total World 475 100 . Table 62: SHARES OF WORLD TROPICAL HARDWOOD IMPORT 1980 mill. m3 RWE World Europe 2 Logs 25.2 3.5 14 Sawnwood 14.7 5.6 38 Plywood & Veneer 17.5 2.8 16 Total in million m3 RWE 57.4 11.9 21 Table 63: EUROPEAN IMPORTS OF TROPICAL HARDWOOD PRODUCTS, 1965, 1976 & 1986 '000 m3 RWE 1965 X 1976 2 1986 S Product Logs 5,106 69.1 6,503 46.3 3,457 29.5 Sawnwood 1,868 25.3 5,398 38.4 5,655 48.3 Plywood 315 4.2 1,886 13.4 2,313 19.7 Veneer sheets 105 1.4 263 1.9 290 2.5 Total. 7,394 100 14,050 100 11,715 100 Table 64: SUPPLY OF TROPICAL HARDWOOD LOGS TO SELECTED COUNTRIES, 1982 AND 1986 '000 m3 To: France Italy F.R.G. Spain Neth' Greece Total Z Total From: lands (six) 0,000 .1982 Africa 1,229 892 487 353 112 221 3,294 97 Asia 38 1 24 - 4 20 87 3 Latin 4 2 1 - 2 - 9 - America Total 1,271 895 512 353 118 241 3,390 100 1986 Africa 1,000 508 413 400 119 200 2,640 97 Asia 48 5 24 - 3 5 85 3 Latin 2 1 1 - 1 2 7 - America Total 1,050 514 438 400 123 207 2,732 100 Source: UCBT Table 65: EUROPEAN IMPORTS OF TROPICAL SAWN HARDWOOD BY ORIGIN '000 m3 Origin/Year 1966 2 1976 Z 1982 2 1986 2 Africa 411 38 450 15 393 17 580 20 Asia 527 48 1,854 63 1,834 78 2,226 75 Latin America - - 55 2 123 5 155 5 others 152, 14 583 20 - - Total 1,090 100 2,942 100 2,350 100 2,961 100 Index 100 270 215 271 Table.66: SUPPLY OF TROPICAL SAWN HARDWOOD TO SELECTED EUROPEAN COUNTRIES '000 m3 To: Neth- U.K. F.R. France Belgium Spain Total Z of erlancs Germany Italy (Seven) Total 1982 Africa 43 59 54 127 26 20 64 393 16.7 Asia 377 292 346 304 345 145 34 1,834 78.1 Latin 2 89 13 4 5 1 9 123 5.2 America Total 422 440 413 435 376 166 107 2,359 100 i986 Africa 51 71 52 159 100 32 115 580 19.6 Asia 645 395 403 267 276 195 45 2,226 75.2 Latin 11 110 8 1 1 4 20 155 5.2 America Total 707 576 463 427 377 231 180 2,961 100 Source: UCBT Table 67: ORIGIN OF TROPICAL SAWN HARDWOOD IMPORTS FOR SEVEN SELECTED COUNTRIES Average 2 of Total Imports 1982-1986 Africa Asia Latin America Total Netherlands 9.3 89.4 1.3 100 United Kingdom 13.3 68.3 18.4 100 Germany, Fed.Rep.of 12.7 84.8 0.4 100 France 33.9 65.7 0.4 100 Italy 18.0 81.6 0.4 100 Belgium 11.7 87.1 1.2 100 Spain 63.1 24.8 12.1 100 Average 18.6 76.0 5.4 100 .; Table 68: MAIN SUPPLIERS OF TROPICAL SAWN HARDWOOD TO EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 1982-86 '000 m3 2 1982 1986 1982 1986 AFRICA Ivory Coast 190 353 48.3 60.8 Cameroon 104 83 26.5 14.3 Ghana 28 65 7.1 11.2 Others 71 79 18.9 13.6 Total 393 580 100.0 100.0 ASIA Malaysia 891 1,229 48.6 55.2 Indonesia 469 525 25.6 23.5 Philippines 276 244 15.0 11.0 Singapore 173 182 9.4 8.2 Others 25 47 1.4 2.1 Total 1,834 2,226 100.0 100.0 LATIN AMERICA Brazil 104 133 84.5 85.8 Others 19 22 15.5 14.2 Total 123 155 100.0 100.0 Table 69: SAWNWOOD EXPORTS FROM TROPICAL AFRICA BY SPECIES X of total 15-20 Obeche 10-15 Sapele Utile 5-10 Iroko Makore Mahogany 2- 5 Afrormosia Agba Azobe Framire 1- 2 Afzelia Afara Niangon Tiama Guarea Tchitola Okoume Bet Ilomba Abura Antiaris Fromager Kosipo African walnut Ekki Ozigo Table 70: TROPICAL PLYWOOD IMPORTS BY MAIN EEC IMPORTERS 1976, 1980 & 1986 ('000 m3) 1976 2 1980 X 1986 Z United Kingdom 412.9 50.4 234.5 40.2 488.9 48.6 Netherlands 131.1 16.0 101.6 17.4 170.6 17.0 Belgium 42.4 5.2 58.4 10.0 114.5 11.4 P.R. Germany 56.5 6.9 57.1 9.8 81.0 8.1 France 85.0 10:4 94.2 16.2 84.0 8.3 Total 727.9 88.8 545.8 93.6 939.0 93.4 Table 71: TROPICAL PLYWOOD IMPORTS BY EEC (12) 1978 and 1986 ('000 m3) Source 1978 1 1986 z Indonesia 29.0 4.1 547.9 56.7 Malaysia 110.2 15.6 112.6 11.6 Singapore 141.9 20.1 50.8 5.2 Philippines 60.1 8.5 74.6 7.7 South Korea 216.6 30.6 18.6 1.9 Taiwan 73.6 10.4 26.1 2.7 Sub-total 630.9 89.5 830.6 85.8 Gabon 33.0 4.7 26.9 2.8 Cameroon 4.6 0.6 4.5 0.5 Cfnte d'Ivoire 2.2 0.3 3.4 0.4 Zaire - - 1.1 0.1 Sub-total 39.8 5.6 35.9 3.8 Brazil 21.4 3.0 85.4 8.8 Others 12.9 1.8 15.6 1.6 Total 705.0 100.0 967.5 100.0 Table 72: EUROPEAN IMPORTS OF TROPICAL HARDWOOD VENEER SHEETS BY REGION, 1976 and 1986 ('000 m3) 1976 2 1986 Z Nordic countries 4.6 3.3 5.4 3.5 EEC (9) 127.2 92.0 143.3 94.0 Central Europe 0.7 0.4 3.0 2.0 Southern Europe 5.9 4.3 1.0 0.5 Eastern Europe 0.2 - - - Total 138.6 100 152.7 100 TROPICAL VENEER IMPORTS BY SIX EE_ COUNTRIES, 1976 & 1986 ('000 m3) 1976 2 1986 2 F.R. Germany 35.8 29.7 49.1 36.0 Italy 12.7 10.5 35.3. 25.9 Belgium 5.9 4.8 16.8 12.3 United Kingdom 19.9 16.4 14.0 10.3 France . 37.0 30.6 12.7 9.3 Netherlands 9.7 8.0 8.5 6.2 Total 121.0 100 136.4 100 Table 73: TROPICAL VENEER IMPORTS INTO EEC BY SOURCE, 1976 and 1986 '000 m3 1976 2 1986 X Cote d'Ivoire } 38.5 27.0 Ghana } 9.3 6.5 Cameroon } 95.5 26.5 18.5 Congo 19.9 13.9 Zaire 13.6 2.5 Gabon } 69.7 1.9 1.3 Brazil 10.7 9.8 14.1 9.8 Malaysia } 6.9 4.8 Thailand } 10.9 3.3 2.3 Philippines } 2.8 1.9 Singapore } 10.0 1.4 1.0 Others 10.1 10.5 15.1 10.5 Total 127.2 100 143.3 100 Table 74: F.R. GERMANY, TROPICAL LOG IMPORTS BY SPECIES, 1970, 1983, 1988 ('000 m3) 1970 Z 1983 1 1988 Z Obeche 444 32 128 23 21 5 Sipo 179 13 84 15 35 8 Limba 182 13 22 4 16 4 Makore 95 7 8 1 3 1 Okoume 221 16 30 5 12 3 Others 284 19 288 52 334 79 Total 1,405 100 560 100 421 100 Table 75: TROPICAL WOOD SPECIES IMPORT TRADE STATISTICS FOR LOGS (1,000 M3) January-December 1987 - IMPORTING COUNTRIES Belgium-Lu France Germany FR Italy Netherland UK Australia Japan Singapore USA Afr. Mahogany 6.34 0.99 Afrormosia 1.38 Azone 6.92 71.63 Ebony 0.11 Iroro 1.60 Kapur 1.99 Keruing 1.86 Kiri 30.01 Kwarin 3.35 Limba 1.35 0.41 17.56 10.36 0.15 Makore 1.09 3.64 2.97 0.19 0.24 4.03 Merant-Lauan 11,322.63 4.10 0.03 Obeche 0.01 12.67 81.92 16.44 4.03 1.47 Omoume 2.94 283.97 8.66 11.32 16.73 Sifo 1.61 15.76 32.11 6.16 1.29 0.29 Swieten. Mah. 0.25 Teak 8.18 12.79 Walnut Afr. 5.22 Other Spec. 99.23 568.73 236.49 481.34 20.93 36.49 2,176.44 37.94 9.09 Total 73.34 885.40 379.71 926.24 115.00 57.99 13,762.72 98.68 4.37 Source: FAO 1987 4 Table 76: IMPORT OF SAWN TROPICAL HARDWOOD BY F.R. GERMANY, 1988 '000 m3 2 Meranti 341 68 Okoume 91 18 Virola 5 I Sipo 41 Limba 1 1 Others 57 11 Total 499 100 Table 77: EUROPE - ESTIKATE OF END-USES FOR TROPICAL SAWN HAEDWOOD IN 1986 End-Use Volume Z ('000 m3) Construction -carpentry and general joinery 1,183 30 ) - industrial joinery 1,104 28 } ) 63 - other construction 197 5 1 Furniture 1,064 27 others, transport, toys, gifts, household goods, miscellaneous 394 10 Total 3,942 100 Table 78: U.K.; END-USE ANALYSIS OF TROPICAL SAWNWOOD, 1972 and 1984 End-use 1972 1984 '000 m3 (Z) '000 m3 2 Construction 227 42 345 59 Furniture 216 40 192 32 Transport 43 8 30 5 Ships and Vehicles 27 5 Others 7 5 23 4 Total 540 100 590 100 Sources 1972: Fowler, Richard W. 'Trends and Prospects for Tropical Hardwood Consumption in the UK". Thesis 1974, UCNW, Bangor. 1984: Estimates based upon unpublished studies. Table 79: END-UISE ANALYSIS OF TROPICAL SAWNW OD IN FRANCE, 1984 '000 m3 z Industrial joinery 262,500 35.5 Carpentry/other construction 150,000 20.0 Interior decoration 83,750 .11.5 Furniture and mouldings 198,750 26.5 Other, including exports 47,500 6.5 Total 742,000 100.0 Source: Febvre, Francois "Importations et Utilisation des Bois Tropicaux en France" Thesis 1988, University of Montpelier. Table 80s EUROPEAN IMPORTS OF WOODEN ALDED-VALUE PRODUCTS FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 1986 Products '000 tonnes 2 Wooden household goods 99.1 52.6 Wooden beadings and mouldings 11.3 6.0 Wooden doors 36.5 19.4 Other construction components* 25.0 13.3 Sub-total construction components 72.8 38.7 Dining and living room furniture 8.4 4.5 Chairs 3.3 1.8 Furniture components 4.6 2.4 Sub-totvl furniture and components 16.3 8.7 TOTAL ADDED-VALUE PRODUCTS 188.2 100.0 * Planed, tongued, and grooved timber & beadings Table 81: EEC(12) IMPORTS FROM ASIA OF WOODEN ADDED-VALVE PRODUCTS BY COUNTRY, 1982 & 1986 tonnes 1982 z 1986 Z Taiwan 22,346 34.0 23,440 32.0 Malaysia 20,066 30.5 23,218 31.7 Singapore 13,298 20.2 9,824 13.4 Philippines 2,961 4.5 8,809 12.0 Indonesia 4,796 7.4 6,130 8.4 P.R. China 1.776 2.7 1,210 1.6 Thailand* 483 0.7 696 0.9 Total 65,726 100.0 73,3271 100.0 N.B. Excludes wooden household goods * Thailand exported almost 4000 t. of wooden household goods to Germany in 1986 | This is 73Z of total EEC(12) imports from developing countries Table 82: EEC (12) IMPORTS OF WOODEN BEADINGS AND MOULDINGS BY ORIGIN, 1978-1986 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 Number of EEC countries covered 8 9 9 10 12 (mt) Malaysia 3,540 4,602 4,710 3,071 7,269 Singapore 4,500 1,355 1,389 1,575 1,817 Indonesia 4,500 1,355 1,389 1,575 1,817 Brazil 1,142 - 884 1,542 611 Cameroon Ghana - - 147 726 1,023 Cote d'Ivoire Sub-total of imports from developing countries 9,967 6,759 8,227 7,662 11,303 Intra-EEC trade 11,923 11,381 12,281 15,909 18,072 Total EEC imports 24,089 21,792 24,328 27,558 33,848 Share of EEC imports (2) Percent from EEC 49.5 52.2 5O.d 57.7 53.4 Percent from developing countries 41.4 31.0 33.8. 27.8 33.4 Percent from other 9.1 16.8 15.7 14.5 13.2 Table 83: ROUGH END-USE COMPARISON ACTUAL IMPORTED AND POTENTIAL SWPI-SPECIES IN EUROPE '000 m3 RWE Main Species/ Import Z Potential Species frem Group used Volume the Region with roughly Potential in Europe in 1987 Comparable End-use Volume 1 Meranti/Lauan 1,827 41 Calophyllum (10), Terminalia (1), 1,818 Palaquium (4), Myristica (2), Pometia (22) 2 Ramin 652 17 Gonystylus (40 48,799 45,590 - 7 Sourcet National Exotic Forest Description, 1989 (HOF) Table 111: NEW ZEALAND EXOTIC FOREST YIELD FORECASTS TO 2020 (estimated average annual recoverable yield - '000 m3) C. Fell Thinning Total Volume Lustrum P1/P2 S1/S2 L1/L2 S31L3 R Yield Yield (1986) (1979) 1986-90 b44 3,024 1,260 1,860 2,229 8,817 1,556 10,373 9,400 1991-95 884 3,158 1,360 2,451 1,711 9,564 1,821 11,385 12,600 1995-00 1,253 3,855 1,751 3,412 2,303 12,754 1,626 14,200 17,700 2001-05 2,402 5,466 3,388 4,586 3,162 19,004 1,303 20,307 24,300 2006-10 3,287 6,300 4,507 4,887 3,50Z 22,483 1,187 23,670 33,500 2011-15 3,880 6,470 5,515 4,420 3,331 23,616 1,204 24,82C 36,500 p016-20 3,939 6,922 6,048 4,120 3,209 24,238 1,235 25,473 - N.B. ASSUMES NO FURTHER AFFORESTATION Log grade coding: P1I/P2: Pruned logs, tinimum s.e.d. 30 cm. S1/52: Unpruned logs, a " , maximum largest single branch diameter of 6 cm. LllL2: Unpruned logs, as S1IS2, but max. branch diameter 14 cm. S3/S3: Pruned or unpruned logs, min. s.e.d. 20 cm. and max s.e.d. 29.9cm. Largest single branch not more than 14 cm. in diameter R: Pruned or unpruned logs with a minimum s.e.d. 6f 10 cm. with no branch size restrictions. Roughly approximates pulplogs, but includes S4 and L4. Source: Burrows, Levack, and Novis (NEFD), 1986; Levack, 1979 Table 112: PRODUCTION, EXPORT & IMPORTS OF FOREST PRODUCTS, NEW ZEALAND 1988 ('000 m3 (woodchips '000 BDU)(woodpulp '000 tonnes]; NZ$ mill.) Roundwood Production Exports Imports Apparent Removals Vol. Val. Vol. Val. Consumption Sawlogs Exotic: 3,894 1,117 102.1 12 8.5 Indigenous: 158 Woodchips 264 222 31.3 Sawntimber: 1,487 Exotic 1,845 456 141.9 Indigenous 79 5 2.7 Hardwood 11 7.9 Softwood 13 9.7 Woodpulp: 3,195 1,249 Chemical 237 173.1 13 12.8 Mechanical 335 156.4 - - Newsprint 295 140 104.5 10 10.6 Other Paper/P'b'rd 423 87 93.7 76 190.8 Fibreboard, mainly MDF 274 190 84.0 1 0.4 Plywood 172 61 10 6.9 3 2.9 Veneer 77 2 2.6 1 2.6 Particleb'rd 171 43 14.7 2 0.8 Manufactured paper 35.0 61.3 Wood furniture & parts 23.8 Misc. 72.4 19.2 Source: Ministry of Forestry, 1989; INFOS database, Dep't of Statistics Table 113: CHILEAN EXOTIC FOREST YIELDS (*000 m3) 1990 2000 2010 2020 Sawlogs 7.5 10.4 13.2 16.1 Pulplogs 4.9 8.4 10.7 12.6 Total 12.4 18.8 23.9 28.7 Source: Adapted by Hunter from INFOR (1987) Table 114: MAJOR FOREST TYPES & ADMINISTRATIVE CATEGORIES, MALAYSIA (mill. ha.) Forest Dipt'p Swamp Mang've P.F.E. Nat'l State- Area Prod. Prot. Park land Peninsular 6.19 5.62 0.46 0.11 2.85 1.90 0.59 0.94 Sabah 4.49 3.98 0.19 0.32 3.00 0.35 0.49 0.93 Sarawak 9.42 7.78. 1.47 0.17 3.24 1.40 0.25 4.58 Malaysia 20.10 17.38 2.12 0.60 9.09 3.65 1.33 6.45 Source: Ministry of Primary Indtstries (1988) Table 115: ESTIMATED LOG SUPPLY, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA. 1990-2020 (mill. m3/annum) Natural Forests Compensatory Rubberwood Total P.F.E. State-Lands Plantations 1990 2.83 3.40 1.00 7.23 1995 3.09 1.33 0.50 1.80 6.72 2000 3.37 - 1.05 1.20 5.62 2005 3.69 - 2.09 1.00 6.78 2010 4.02 - 2.60 1.00 7.62 2015 4.40 - 2.60 1.00 8.00 2020 4.80 - 2.60 1.00 8.40 Sources: (Writer's adaptation of MPI, FRIM, MTIB etc.) Table 116: PRODUCTION & EXPORTS OF FOREST PRODUCTS, SARAWAK, 1987 (mill. m3 & M$/m3) Production Export Volumes f.o.b. Hill Swamp, Me/Ka/Ke Ramin All Main Spp* All MKK Rest Rmn Rest Logs 8.1 2.1 0.5 2.8 7.5 - 12.6 168 122 Savn Timber 0.418 0.007 0.154 0.176 821 765 Plywood & Lamboard 0.38 0.18 977** Mouldings Total & Dowels MS45mill. Woodchips 0.53 tonnes 0.53 70 * Main spp. means Meranti/Kapur/Keruing for logs, ramin for savmwood, and mangrove (to Taiwan) for chips. **f.o.b. value for laminated boards, which are the major market. In 1987 USS - 2.50-2.55 Ringgit (M$) MKK and Me/Ka/Ke = Meranti/Kapur/Keruing N.B. About 7-9,000 m3 of sawn timber imported annually from Indonesia. Source: Jabatan Hutan Sarawak Tab'le 117: FUTURE HARVESTS OF SARAWAK (mill. m3) Removals: Swamp Hill Plantation Log Exports* S/Timber & Re-man 1990 9.1 2.9 - 11.0 0.5 1995 6.5 2.1 - 7.1 0.7 2000 5.0 1.7 - 3.3 1.6 2010 4.8 1.6 0.5 2.0 2.1 2020 4.6 1.4 1.5 0.3 2.9 * Following the log export ban, these would almost entirely be exported to Peninsular Malaysia. Source: Hunter, 1989 Table 118: PROJECTED PRODUCTION FROM SABAH NATURAL FORESTS (area ha./annum; production m3) Year Commercial Reserve State Lands Total Production 1990 89,100 13,600 102,700 4,985,500 1995 33,200 5,Q00 38,200. 1,669,000 2000 23,600 5,000 28,600 1,237,0O0 Source: Ping & Awang, 1988 Table 119: PLANTATION AREAS IN SABAH AS OF 12/31/87 . Owmer Species Area (ha.) Sabah Forest Development Authority (SAPODA) Acacia mangium 7,600 Sabah Softwoods Sdn. Bhd. (SSSB) Eucalyptus deglupta 9,322 Paraserianthes falcataria 6,205 Gmelina arborea 5,910 Pinus caribaea 1,017 A. mangium 2,142 Others 937 Research Plots 258 Sabah Forest Industries A. mangium 4,700 35,091 Sources: Golokin & Cassels, 1987; Klinajil, 1988; Miller. Table 120: LONG-TERM EXPORT TRENDS IN SABAH (mill. m3; M$/m3) Logs Savn Timber Veneer Plywood Volume UnitValue Volume UnitValue Volume UnitValue Volume UnitValue 1979 9.78 210 0.80 337 0.02 630 0.01 878 1983 9.46 179 0.94 373 0.15 345 0.02 853 1988 8.25 262 1.03 503 0.14 545 0.13 825 Source: Timber Association of Sabah, 1989 Table 121: INDONESIAN FOREST PRODUCTS EXPORTS 1980-8, (A) - Volume/Weight mill. m3ltonnes Logs Total Sawn Timber Total Total MRTI RAMN OTHRS Logs MRTI RAMN TEAK OTHRS SIT Plywood Rattan RWE 1980 8.46 .002 6.13 14.58 N.a. N.a. N.a. N.a. 1.203 0.245 N.a. 17.33 1984 0.99 - 0.58 1.57 .739 .675 .035 .785 2.198 3.046 0.091 12.58 1987 - - 1.27 .298 .040 1.22 2.833 6.044 0.716 19.06 (B) - Unit Value US$Sm3 or Itonne Logs Total Sawn Timber Total Total MRTI RAHN OTHRS Logs MRTI RAMN TEAK OTHRS SIT Plywood Rattan RWE 1980 129 80 107 N.a..N.a. N.a. N.a. 215 227 N.a. 110 1984 96 - 96 145 173 597 139 216 1,029 89 1987 - - - - 195 288 756 223 327 1,583 137 MRTI = Meranti; RAMN - Ramin. Source: Direktorat Tertib Peredaran Hasil Hutan, 1988 (Adapted) Table 122: EXPORT OF INDONESIAN PLYWOOD BY MARKET 1988 ('000 m3; US$ mill. c.&.f.) Market Raw Plywood Block Board Veneer Special Item New Product Total Vol. Val. Vol. Val. Vol. Val. Vol. Val. Vol. Val. Vol. Val N.America 864 318.0 10.9 3.4 12.8 4.0 78.2 35.4 32.0 16.4 998 377 China 903 336.5 8.6 2.2 - - - - 0.0 0.2 912 339 Japan 1,190 378 35.7 9.2 29.0 7.5 772 185.1 0.3 0.9 2,029 581 Rest 2,271 777 332.5 83.1 3.2 1.0 66 25 255 118 2,926 1,003 Total 5,228 1,809 387.7 97.9 45 12.5 917 246 288 135 6,865 2,300 Source: APKINDO, 1989 Table 123: PROJECTICNS OF INDONESIAN HARVESTS TO 2020 (mill. m3) Natural Forests Plantations Rubberwood Total 1990 34.8 2.0 0.2 37 * 3.995 42.9* 5.7 0.4 49 2000 44.0* 13.3 0.7 58 2010 43.4* 24.6 1.0 69 2020 44.5* 29.8 1.7 76 Products: Plywood S/Timber Rest (RWE) (RWE)Total 1990 8.6 8.1 0.4 37 1995 11.0 10.5 1.8 49 2000 12.8 12.5 2.5 58 2010 14.1 15.8 3.6 69 2020 15.0 17.5 5.0 76 * The conversion forest will have to sustain much of this if REPELITA annual allowable cuts of around 31 mill. m3 are enforced. It simply cannot do so over this period of time. Table 124: NATIONAL LAND-USE PATTERNS, PHILIPPINES, 1988 Forest . Non-Forest Type: Area (ha.) Type: Area (ha., Virgin Dipterocarp 98e,300 Fishponds 205,000 Logged Dipterocarp 3,412,800 Crops/plantations 19,873,000 Pine, Closed Crown 129,610 Barren Areas. 81,400 Pine, Open Crowns 109,230 Built-up Areas 131,400 Mangrove 139,100 Lakes & Marshes 308,900 Montane moss forest 1,137,400 Grassland 1,812.900 Submarginal 544,200 Unclassified 546,200 Total Forest Area 8,985,700 N.B. Non-forest areas total nearly 2 mill. ha. more than residual of forest areas i.e. two inventories are not compatible. Source: Forest Area GTZ/DENR NFRI; non-forest SPOT. Table 125: ESTIMATED GROWING STOCK, PHILIPPINES 1988 (mill. m3) Dipterocarps End-Usel Old Growth Logged Over Pine Totals >m15 >55 >=15 >-55 .15 >-SS >15 >i55 Common Hardwood 62.9 40.4 102.8 38.4 - - 165.7 78.8 Construction & Furniture Woods 46.0 15.2 91.8 20.5 - - 137.8 35.7 Softwoods 2.0 1.3 3.8 1.1 18.8 6.0 24.6 8.4 Others 14.3 2.5 33.0 5.2 - - 47.3 7.7 Totals 125.2 59.4 231.4 65.2 18.8 6.0 375.4 130.6 >-15: Including all stems over 15cm. d.b.h.o.b. >-55- S: it a n 55 Source: Adapted from DNER pro rata from GTZ/DNER inventory. Table 126: FOREST PRODUCTS EXPORTS, PHILIPPINES, 1987 Quantity '000 m3; waste:kg.; furniture:units Unit Value US$/m3/unit/kg. f.o.b. Saw/V'logs Pulpw'd S/timber Plyw'd Ven'r Waste Frntre Total * Quantity 6 199 645 243 64 854 4290 2,920 Unit Value 53 43 239 280 231 570 24 381.28 Source: Forest Management Bureau & National Statistics Office: (a) The total for "quantity" is the writer's estimate of RWE used = approx. 2.929 million m3, and includes blockboard, charcoal, pole, non-furniture wood manufactures etc. It accounts for sawmilling waste transfers. (b) The total for "Unit Value' is actually an estimate of the total value of forest products exports, about $381 million (excluding pulp and paper because of the non-wood component), which makes the whole sector the third largest earner after garments and. electronic goods. However, normally it is ranked 7th, as just "lumber", after coconut oil, copper goods, shrimps etc. Forest products imports, for comparison, cost $70.3 million in 1987; they are largely papermill furnish, including waste paper, and paper. (c) Furniture exports comprise 28Z of total export value, including rattan. (d) Only in 1987 did the 10g export restraint finally eliminate the specially licensed 300 - 800,000 m3 exports which occurred annually since 1980. The pulpwood is falcata. (e) The U.K. is the main importer of red laua- Japan of white. Nominal export prices have risen for all main products since 1970. Real ones, e3 :ept logs, have not. Table 127: FILIPINO WOOD FLOWS TO 2020 ('OOOm3) Saw/v'rlOg8s Pulplogs Lumber/Raw ply Re-man. Total Dmstic Imprts Export Export Import Export RWE 1990 2,500 800 1,000 150/210 110/ 600 6,300 2000 3,000 1000 1,500 201160 850 860 5,800 2010 9,500 - 800 120/100 500 1,400 12.400 2020 12,500 _ - 520/ 60 - 2,800 12.500 Source: Hunzer, 1989 Table 128: PAPUA NEW GUINEA; PROVINCIAL AREA & POPULATION. 1980 Province Area km2 Population 000's 000's Total Urban Rural Western 99.3 78.3 9.6 68.9 Gulf 34.5 63.8 6.2 57.9 central 29. 116.4 4.2 112.7 NCD .2 112.4 123.6 0 Milne bay 14.0 127.7 6.3 121.7 Oro 22.8 77.1 6.4 71.0 Sth. Highlands 23.8 235.4 4.7 231.3 Enga 12.8 164.3 2.4 162.2 Wst. Highlands 8.5 264.1 17.0 248 7 Chimbu 6.1 178.0 6.2 172.1 East. Highlands 11.2 274.6 24.0 252.8 Morobe 34.5 305.4 72.5 238.1 Madang 29.0 209.7 22.6 188.5 East Sepik 42.8 220.8 23.9 198.0 West Sepik 36.3 113.8 6.4 107.8 Manus 2.1 25.9 5.4 20.6 New-Ireland 9.6 65.7 5.4 60.6 East New Britain 15.5 130.7 18.0 115.2 West New Britain 21.0 88.4 5.3 83.7 Nth Solomons 9.3 125.5 22.9 105 9 Total 462.8* 2,978.1 393.1 2,617.6 i In other sources stated to be 476 000 km2. Source: Statistics Office. Table 129: PNG; POPULATION PROJECTION BY PROVINCE Province 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 increase Western 78.3 1.7 92.7 100.9 109.7 119.4 129.9 141.3 153.7 Gulf 63.8 1.0 70.5 74.1 77.9 81.9 86.1 90.4 95.1 Central(l) 228.8 3.8 332.2 400.3 482.4 581.3 700.4 844.0 1,017.0 Mline Bay 127.7 1.8 152.7 166.9 182.5 199.5 218.1 238.5 260.7 Oro 77.1 2.0 94.0 103.8 114.6 126.5 139.7 154.2 170.2 S. Highlands 235.4 1.8 281.4 307.6 336.3 367.7 402.0 439.5 480.5 Enga 164.3 2.8 216.5 248.6 285.4 327.6 376.1 431.8 495.8 W. Highlands 264.1 2.8 348.1 399.6 458.8 526.7 604.7 694.3 797.1 Chimbu(2) 178.0 0.5 187.1 191.8 196.7 201.6 206.7 211.9 217.3 E.Highlands 274.6 2.2 341.4 380.6 424.3 473.1 527.5 588.1 655.7 Morobe 305.4 2.9 406.5 468.9 541.0 624.1 720.0 830.6 958.3 Madang 209.7 2.4 265.8 299.3 337.0 379.4 427.2 480.9 541.5 East Sepik 220.8 2.5 282.6 319.8 361.8 409.4 463.1 524.0 592.9 West Sepik 113.8 1.0 125.8 132.2 138.9 146.0 153.5 161.3 169.5 Manus 25.9 1.7 30.6 33.3 36.2 39.4 42.9 46.6 50.8 New Ireland 65.7 2.0 80.0 88.4 97.6 107.7 118.9 131.3 145.0 E. New Brit. 130.7 1.6 153.2 165.9 179.6 194.4 210.5 227.9 246.7 W. New Brit.(3) 88.4 5.1 145.4 186.5. 239.1 306.6 393.2 504.2 646.6 Nth Solomons(4) 125.5 4.0 152.7 185.8 226.0 275.0 334.6 407.0 495.2 Total 2,978.1 2.3 3,738.5 4,188.6 4,693.0 5,258.3 5,841.3 6,600.6 7,395.5 NOTES (1) The NCD population is included in the Central total; 491 of the 1980 provincial total is resident in Port Moresby. (2) The low growth rate results from emigration. The province has a high population density and emigration is likely to continue at a high rate. (3) The high growth rate resulted from the development of the oil palm Industry and the associated smallholder land settlement scheme. The future growth rate will be well below the historical figure, hence will be well below that shown. (4) The high growth rate was largely caused by the development of mining activities and will not be sustained. Source: Derived from 1980 National Population Census, Nat. Stats. Office. * t . Table 130: PNG; LAND OWNERSHIP BY PROVINCE Province Land Area Total Alienated 2 of Area allocated to PNGFD km2 km2 total km2 2 of 2 alienated planted Western 108,000 19 .2 0 0 0 Gulf 35,090 25 .7 0 0 0 Central 30,200 408 13.5 10.15 2.5 2.08 Milne bay 14,500 94 6.5 0.05 - 0 Oro 22,200 112 5.1 0.32 - 0.05 Sth Highlands 21.900 a .4 1.18 14.8 0.13 Eastern Highlands 11,140 16 1.5 5.68 35.5 4.52 Chimbu 6.560 2 .3 0.08 4.0 0.01 West highlandscl 24,260 64 2.6 3.30 5.2 1.90 East sepik 37.300 9 .2 0.42 4.7 0 East sepik 44,260 39 .9 0.32 .8 0.12 Madang 28,940 48 1.7 0.19 .4 1.45 Morobe 34,900 107 3.1 15.97 14.9 10.88 West New Britain 20,450 136 6.7 6.08 4.5 0.13 East New Britain 14,980 126 8.4 20.13 16.0 2.11 New Ireland 9,800 54 5.5 - - o Manus 2,120 21 5.6 - - - North Solomons 9.560 41 4.3 0 0 _ Total 47 616 1 323 2.8 63.90 4.8 23.38 Source; Aland 1977 as qpoted in INA 1989, and PNGFD data. Total areas do not conform with other sources. Table 131: PNG; NATT'RAL FOREST RESOURCE AREA ('O(0 km2) Prov!nce Total Total Allocated Proposed Balance Forest as of to be by Resource 2/28/89 allocated by 1992 Western 99.3 36.89 3.17 4.26 29.46 Gulf 34.5 1 .69 2.40 7.25 10.Q4 C.entral 29.5 3.93 3.02 .26 .65 Milne Bay 14.0 4.25 2.45 1.00 .80 Oro 22.8 7.57 2.00 4.10 1.47 Sth Highlands 23.8 1.16 .43 .61 .12 East Highlands 11.2 .86 .02 .02 .82 Chimbu 6.1 1.68 0 0 .95 West Highlands 8.5 2.11 .06 1.10 1.68 Enga 12.8 1.54 .01 .01 1.48 West Sepik 36.3 9.35 3.27 1.50 4.58 East Sepik 42.8 9.98 .40 2.20 7.38 Hadang 29.0 6.12. 1.15 2.21 2.76 Morobe 34.5 7.50 1.07 2.23 4.20 'West New Britain 21.0 20.36 7.28 2.96 10.12 East New Britain 15.5 6.21 2.61 3.01 .59 New Ireland 9.*6 4.92 2.76 1.07 1.09 Manus 2.1 1.40 .51 0 .89 Nth Solomons 9.3 2 5 1.16 .84 .85 Total 148.33 33.77 34.63 Source: PNGFD Table 132k PNG; SPECIES COMPOSITION OF EXPORT LOGS Species - Representation 2 Ave. fob USS /m3 Group 1 Anisoptera (Mersawa) 1.97 89.04 Calophyllum 7.76 96.71 Palaquium (Pencil Cedar) 3.80 123.56 Intsia (Kwila) 2.18 148.52 Pometia (Taun) 23.03 94.30 other (3 species) 3.23 13S.81 sub total 41.97 100.85 Group ZA Burcke'la 1.84 78.60 Terminalia 4.93 80.00 sub total 6.78 79.62 Group 23 Endospermum (Basswood) 2.22 68.62 Canarium, red 3.12 66.05 other (11) 4.58 62.18 sub total 9.52 64.84 Group 2C Celtis, light 2.85 53.81 Dillenia 3.04 55.54 Homalium (Malas) 6.12 56.62 Octomeles (Erima) 3.55 56.99 Pterocymoium (Amberoi) 3.50 56.07 Syzygium (Water Gur,) 2.50 57.02 other 1.00 56.86 sub total 22.56 56.62 Group 3 other (80) 18.96 54.25 Total 100.00 77.03 Source: Forest Industries Council. Table 133: PNG; EXPORT LOG GRADES BY SPECIES GROUP, 1988 Species Group Log Grade Representation Z SSP SPi SP2 SS1 SS2 SS3 Total group 1 1.60 4.43 5.62 16.98 11.15 1.99 41.79 group 2A 0.36 0.71 1.24 3.02 1.33 0.14 6.78 group 2B 0.22 1.01 1.34 3.66 2.42 1.27 9.92 group ZC 0.72 2.92 3.81 9.76 4.74 0.63 22.55 group 3 0.66 1.87 2.32 8.05 5.18 0.87 18.96 Total 3.54 10.94 14.33 41.46 24.83 4.91 100.00 Source: Forest Industries Council. Table 134: PNG; GOVERNMENT FOREST PLANTATION ESTATE (ha.) Province Location* Arauc. Pines Teak Euc. Balsa Other Total Western 0 0 * Gulf 0 0 Central 3 2 2,075 1 3 2,081 Milne Bay 0 0 Oro 3 36 11 47 S. Highlands 8 67 31 35 133 Enga 4 58 46 4 108 W. Highlands 1 2 29 1,691 71 1.793 Chimbu 2 5 3 3 11 E Highlands 6 33 4,224 64 199 4,520 Morobe 1 E2] 8,263 2,286 25 10,574 2 2 212 10 32 1 55 312 Madang I1] 1 1,4151 34 1,450 East Sepik 2 2 11 43 67 123 west Sepik 1 5* 5 Manus 0 0 New Ireland 0 0 E.New Brit. 1 2 947 694 139 144 1,924 2 150 29 179 W. New Brit. (1] 15 95 9 7 126 N4th Solomons 1 1 1 1 3 Total 8,302 6,884 3,059 4,151 300 688 23,384 Notes: * some grouping of locations has been done where it is known that the resource would logically be processed at a single location. I Approximately 1408 ha.of Euc. plantings are recorded. This includes a planting of 146 ha. in 1985, which is doubted by some PNGFD staff. This addition could in fact have been due to private planting. Source: PNGFD, Compendium of Statistics 1986. Table 135: PNG; PRIVATE FOREST PLANTATIONS AS OF 12131185 (ha.) Province Location Aruac. Pinus Eu:. Teak Other Total W. Highlands 3 2 1 3 Chimbu 3 3 64 67 E. Highlands 3 3 83 1 1 88 Madang 1 3,650(1) 3,650 E. New Britain 1 91 16 107 W. New Britain 1 1,386 31 486 1,902 2 550(2) 550 Total 6 147 5,130 31 504 6,367 Notes: (1) the figure recorded in the Compendium of Statistics is 33 ha. but this appears to have excluded the major private planting by the joint venture company Gogol Reforestation Company P/L in which the Government participates. (2) a long standing program at Ulamona appears to have been omitted. It is believed the major, if not only species used is Euc. deglupta. Source: *Compendium of Statistics 1986,0 *Annual Report Statistics 1987" Table 136: PNG; ESTIMATED POTENTIALLY PRODUCTIVE PLANTATIONS, 12/31/88 ('000 ha.) Species pre-1950 51-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76-80 80-85 86-88 Araucaria 0.5 1.0 2.4 1.5 1.7 1.2 0 0.3 Pinus 0.1 0.2 1.9 2.7 3.9 0.2 Euc. deg. 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.4 3.7 Teak* 0.1 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.7 neg 0.1 Balsa 0.3 I * This includes plantation relinquished to land claimants and no longer under any competent management. No data was available on areas lost in East New Britain or Central Province due to uncontrolled harvesting or gardening. I The area planted is small (c.30 ha.) but on the 4-6 year rotation used a reasonable volume will be produced. However this is well down on the planting rates in the previous period. Table 137: PNG; PLANTATION PROJECTED GROWTH & YIELD, PNGFD 1987 DATA Species Rotation Age MAI m3lha. Thin.yield (m3) Final Crop Araucaria 40 22 370 na(510) * Pinus 25-35 16 150 na(250-410) Euc. spp. 16-20 25 250 na(150-25O) Teak 20 125 na( - ) * No final crop data was provided but using the MAI figures and thinning yield, the data in brackets was calculated for the indicated rotations. Source: B. Cuyno Table 138: PNG; REVISED ROTATION & GROWTH RATES, 1989 ESTIMATE Specites Yield m3/ha. Rotation Age MAI m3/ha. Thin. Yield Final crop Araucaria 20 13 .0 260 Pinus 20 15 120 180 Euc. deglupta (1) 10 Z0 0 200 (2) 16 25 150 250 (3) 8 25 0 200 Teak 35 5* 80 170 (1).-Pulpwood crop, Madang. (2). Veneer/sawlog crop, West New Britain. (3). Pulpwood crop, East New Britain. * This is a figt-re for final crop only, thinnings are unlikely to be significant except as a source of general purpose hardwood timber with .a high sapwood content. Table 139: PNG; MAJOR PLANTATION LOG AVAILABILITY FORECASTS period production per year, 000'm3 Arauc. Pinus E. deglupta teak Misc. pulp other* H/Wds. 90-95 61 55 65 40 20 10 96-00 58 150 75 132 20 40 01-05 64 116 420 132 neg 40 06-10 65 194 520 230 neg 90 11-15 91 94 620 230 60 90 16-20 112 120 620 230 60 90 N.B. the numerous small .tands scattered throughout the country are ignored in these figures, however they will be harvested to supply mainly local needs. The Western Highlands fuel wood plantations are also excluded but they are now producing minor quantities of sawn timber. * The future processing of this volume has not yet been determined and it will depend on the ultimate area available for planting. If the area can be increased it is likely that much of this volume will be chipped, however at this stage it is expected that it will be sawn and possibly veneered. Table 140: PNG; TOTAL LOG HARVEST, EXPORT, & PROCESSING ('000 m3) Export Processed Volume Unit Value Volume* Total Kfm3 US$/m3| 1978 894 445 K 26.82 449 1979 909 472 K 43.97 437 1980 1,218 642 K 48.59 576 1981 1,304 743 K 42.07 561 1982 1,487 1,063 K 46.63 424 1983 1,872 1,019 K 43.23 853* 1984 1,558 1,284 K 54.73 274 1985 1,518 1,158 K 50.41 50.28 360 1986 1,727 1,314 55.20 413 1987 2,000 1,442 80.85 558 1988 (11 mnths.) na 1,159 78.77 n.a. * It is suspected that the 1983 total harvest is overstated (it may include part of the 1984 harvest) producing the very high figure for logs processed. The sawn timber production inferred after deduction of log volume to chip, chopstick and veneer production was certainly nothing like 210 000 nT3. I Kina values taken from PNGFD data, USS from FIC data. Source: PNGFD 'Compendium of Statistics* 1986; Annual report statistics 1987 FIC data. Table 141: PNG; PROJECTED PLANTATION LOG HARVEST ('000m3) Period Arauc. Pinus Euc. deg. Teak Other.H/W total pulp other 1991-95 62 50 65 40 10 10 237 1996-2000 62 80 75 130 20 40 407 .2001-15 62 120 420 130 25 40 797 2006-10 62 140 520 230 30 90 1,072 2011-15 90 ISO 620 230 30 90 1,210 2016-20 110 150 620 230 30 90 1,230 Table 142: PNG; PROJECTED AVERAGE ANNUAL SAWN TIMBER PRODUCTION ('000 m3) Period Natural forest Plantation conifer hardwood 1991-95 200 30 10 1996-2000 270 35 60 2001-15 380 50 60 2006-10 540 60 100 2011-15 760 70 100 2016-20 1,070 70 100 Table 143: PNG; PROJECTED VENEER PRODUCTION ('000 m3) Period Natural Forest Plantation Consumption* 1991-95 30 12 (14) 1996-2000 60 40 (17) 2001-05 60 40 (21) 2006-10 60 65 (24) 2011-15 60 75 (28) 2016-20 30 90 (32) * The domestic market for plywood is likely to be met exclusively from plantation material apart from a period in the early 1990's. The volume that may be consumed is shown in brackets. Table 144: PNG; PROJECTED WOOD CHIP PRODUCTION Period BDU 000's 1991-95 70 i996-2000 75 2001-05 185 2006-10 240 2011-15 * 280 2016-20 280 Table 145: ACTUAL & PR)JECTED HARVEST AND EXPORT VOLUMES FROM PNG '000 m3 (chips '000 BDU) Log Harvest Export of: Nat'l Plant'n Total Logs S/timber Plywood W/chips 1978 894 n.a. 894 445 35.7 6.3 115 1979 909 909 472 62.6 6.1 107 1980 1,218 ff 1,218 642 45.2 6.5 121 1981 1,304 " 1,304 743 23.8 7.8 102 1982 1,487 n.a. 1,487 1,063 21.2 6.3 82 1983 1,872 n.a. 1,872 1,019 20.1 5.5 117 1984 1,558 n.a. 1,558 1,284 17.8 5.1 127 1985 1,518 n.a. 1,518 1,158 14.8 1.2 91 1986 1,727 n.a. 1,727 1,314 7.4 -(1) 81 1987 2,000 60(2) 40(2) 2,100 1,442 4.8 - 67 1988 1,800 60(2) 50(2) 1,910 1,264 1.5 _ n.a. Pine + Veneer Sftwd. Hdwd. N.F.P'n Total 1991-95 3,200 112 125 3,437 3,000 15 28 - _3 70 1996-2000 4,900 142 265 5,307 4,000 50 60 23 83 75 2001-05 5,100 182 615 5,897 4,000 50 60 19 79 185 2006-10 5,500 202 870 6,572 4,000 80 60 41 101 240 2011-15 5,000 240 970 6,210 2,000 80 60 47 107 280 2016-20 4,700 260 970 5,930 1,000 110 30 58 88 280 N.B. Recent data for 11 months but extrapolated to 12 months (1) Export ceased in 1986 because of too high production costs (2) Gehr's estimation, based on plantation establishment data. Table 146: PNG PROECESSED FOREST PRODUCTS EXPORTS Year Sawn Plywood Woodchips M3 000's unit value m3 000's unit value BDU 000'S Unit Value Kina Kina Kina 1978 35.7 104 6.3 376 114.9 1979 62.6 127 6.1 404 106.7 1980 45.2 137 6.5 459 121.1 1981 23.8 152 7.8 393 101.6 53.7 1982 21.2 166 6.3 458 81.5 54.2 1983 20.1 157 5.5 448 116.9 54.6 1984 17.8 187 5.1 454 126.5 54.6 11985 14.8 203 1.2 437 90.7 52.3 1986 7.4 236 81.0 61.8 1987 4.8 262 66.9 101.3 1988 1.5 277 na na Source: PNGFD, Stats Office. Table 147: FIJI; POPULATION PROJECTIONS TO 2020 year total urban rural 1990 772.9 299.8 473.1 1995 853.3 331.0 522.3 2000 942.1 365.5 576.6 2005 1,030.0 399.6 630.4 2010 1,126.1 436.9 689.2 2015 1,231.1 477.6 753.5 2020 1,346.0 522.2 823.8 Source: Stats. Office, Suva (1986 data and population growth rates) Table 148: FOREST AREAS OF FIJI (1986) Area (ha.) Z Total Land Natural Forest: Unlogged Commercial Forest 225,000 1} Exploited Commercial Forest 65,000 4 Protected/Conservation 251,000 14 Non-commercrial 248,000 14 Unclassified 13,000 1 Mangrove 18,000 Sub-total 820,000 45 Platations: Fiji Pine Commission pines 44,614 Fiji Forestry Department pines 3,694 3 Extension Scheme pines 10,803 Fiji Forestry Department Mahogany etc. 25,654 1 Total 904,765 49 Notes: 1) The ultimate planned FPC estate is 48,000 ha. on Viti Levu and 12,000 ha. on Vawaa Levu 2) Fiji has the only complete soil conservation legislation in the S. Pacific. The rainforest area has been reduced at only one-quarter of the global rate over the last two decades. Table 149: FIJI: NATURAL FOREST AREAS BY TYPE & OWNERSHIP 12/31/89 ('000 km2) Forest Type Land Ow,nership Private State Forest Leased Communal Total Reserve Production forest un-harvested 16.02 6.11 .99 3.80 226.31 253.23 harvested 4.22 1.27 2.27 .17 38.78 46.71 Conservation forest 10.94 18.09 13.58 .07 208.02 250.70 Non-commercial forest 13.62 16.78 .72 .96 219.76 251.83 Mangrove forest 18.40 18.40 unclassified* 13.00 Total 44.81 60.64 17.56 j.00 692.86 833.88 * Unsurveyed forest on smaller islands. Source: Yabaki 1985 and Drysdale 1988. Table 150: FIJI; ESTIMATED GROWING STOCK IN PRODUCTION FOREST (1984) ('OOOm3, trees >35 cm dbhob) Species group Viti Levu Vanua Levu Kadavu Total Conifer 400 730 10 1,140 Light h *oods 2,290 1.640 120 4,050 Medium h'woods 1,S20 1,000 20 2,540 Heavy h'woods 1,480 1,060 90 2,630 Sub total 5,690 4,430 240 10,360 Non-commercial species 1,800 1,130 50 4,080 Total 7,490 6,660 290 14,440 Source: FFD Table 151: FIJI: SPECIES COMPOSITION OF HARVEST & NATURAL FOREST Harvest Forest Kaudamu (Myristica) 19 8.6 Kauvula (Endospermum) 19 10.8 Dakua makadre ( Agathis) 18 6.7 Damanu (Calophyllum spp) 11 9.9 Dakua salusalu ((Decussocarpus) 5 2.0 Yasiyasi (Syzygi=m) 4 9.2 Bauvudi (Palaquium excl. hornei) 4 2.9 Sacau (Palaquium hornei) 3 4.4 Mavota (Gonystylus punctatus) 3 2.3 Rosarosa (Heritiera) 2 3.1 Yaka (Dacrydium) 2 0.3 Vesi (Intsia) 2 1.4 Laubu (Garcinia) 2 1.0 Kaunicina (Canarium*) 2 3.3 Tivi (Terminalia) 1 0.8 Vaivai-ni-veikau (Serianthes) 0.5 0.8 Rosawa (Gmelina vitiensis) 0.3 0.2 Others 2.2 32.3 Source: FFD Table 152: FIJI: PROJECTED NATURAL FOREST HARVEST period m3 1991-95 240,000 1996-2000 225,000 2001-05 200,000 2006-10 140,000 2011-15 140,000 2016-20 140,000 Table 153: FIJI: NATURAL FOREST INCREMENT - m3/ha/ann. Status Trees/plot All trees >15 cm dbhob Trees >35 cm dbhob Unlogged 426 1.06 0.40 149 0.24 0.07 404 0.63 0.32 Logged 82 1.44 0.11 64 0.96 0.29 187 0.27 0.05 4~~~~~~~~~ Table 154: FIJI: PROPOSED TOTAL PLANTATION ESTATE Authority and Type Area (ha.) FPC Pine 60,000 FPD Pine 6,000 Extension Pine 34,000 FED Hardwoods 100,000 Sub total 200,000 Undetermined Hardwood (pulp) 40,000 Total 240,000 Source: AIDAB 1986, FPC, E.D.Shield Table 155: FIJI: PLANTATION AREAS BY AUTHORITY & TYPE (ha.) FPFD Extension FPC Total Period Conifer Hardwood Conifer Conifer Conifer Hardwood Mahogany Other pre-1950 2 2 51-55 204 16 220 56-60 152 467 2 106 258 469 61-65 241 2,515 - 367 608 2,515 66-70 1,882 4,389 2 247 961 3,090 4,391 71-75 557 743 538 1,324 8,393 10,274 1.281 76-80 303 872 2,863 2,353 12,400 15,056 3,735 81-84 457 5,402* 4,455* 2,347 12,661 15,465 9,857 1985 102 2,1611 1,4401 500 4,118 4,720 3,601 1986 109 1,2153 8103 900t 2,782 3,791 2,025 1987 232 2,5781 1,7191 900# 2,203 3,335 4,297 1988 160 1,6441 1,0961 9001 1,386 2,946 2,740 Total 4,195 22,192 12,941 9,471 41,428 55,623 35,133 There is conflicting data, the lower figure has been taken. Data for mahogany was not available. The total has been split 60:40 between mahogany and others. Data was not available but based on an indicated program of approximately 1 000 ha./ann., a stated total current estate of about 10 000 ha. and an assumption that effectiveness will be variable (as indicated by Drysdale who reduced published data following a survey of extension plantings). Source: FFD, Drysdale (1988), FPC (Dunn) Table 156: FIJI: PROJECTED HARDWOOD PLANTATION ESTABLISHMENT BY SPECIES (ha.) Period Mahogany Cordia Cadamba Kauvula Maesopsis -1960 673 1961-65 2,515 1966-70 4,389 1971-75 743 ( ( C ( 1976-80 872 (3,700 (2,800 (400 (1,000 1981-85 7,563 ( ( ( ( 1986-90 7,837 2,700 2,700 200 80 1991-95 12,000 3,200 3,200 600 1,000 1996-2000 12,000 3,200 3,200 600 1,000 2001-05 12,000 3,200 3,200 600 1,000 2006-10 12,000 3,200 3,200 600 1,000 Table 157: FIJI: PINE PLANTATION AREAS & PROGRAM. Period FFD FPC Extension Total 1956-60 152 106 258 1961-65 241 367 608 1966-70 1,882 961 247 3,090 1971-75 557 8,393 1,324 10,274 1976-80 303 12,400 2,353 15,056 1981-85 559 16,779 2,847 20,185 1986-90* 750 16,666 4,500 21,916 1990-95 750 16,666 4,500 21,916 1996-2000 750 16,666 4,500 21,916 * All figures from 1989 are estimates which include replanting of areas clear felled. Table 158: FIJI: PROJECTED PLANTATION VOLUME PRODUCTION ('000 m3lann.) Period Pine Hardwood FPC(1) Extensn(2) FFD.(3) Total Mahogany Other Total saw chip saw chip saw chip saw chip(5) (4) 91-95 85 150 8 2 28 27 121 213 18 8 26 96-00 121 174 32 4 18 17 171 237 80 64 144 01-05 240 260 45 4 18 17 303 358 80 127 207 06-10 240 260 65 4 20 20 325 362 90 231 321 11-15 390 410 105 4 20 20 515 557 90 261 351 16-20 390 410 105 4 20 20 515 557 250 338 588 (1) data from FPC 1989 (2) based on Drysdale (1988) for pulpwood (3) based on Drysdale (1988) (4) the 'other* hardwoods e:e mainly Anthocephalus cadamba and Cordia alliodora, constituting over 90? of production. (5) this includes 301 of the FPC and FFD pine sawlog volume which would be chipped. * Table 159: FIJI: PLANTATION COSTS, F$Iha. Pine Hardwood Rotation length, years 20 20 35 50 Year of operation -2 15 15 l5 -1 211 80 80 80 0 627 236 236 236 1 311 52 52 52 2 47 51 51 51 3 47 40 40 40 4 47 30 30 30 5 47 14 14 14 6 47 7 7 7 * Annual throughout rotation 47 1 1 1 * 17 1,852 20 539 35 (1,349) 554 50 (1,893) 569 (2,436) N.3. It should be noted that the FFD figures do make allowance for overheads up to year 6 but not beyond. FPC acknowledge that their overheads are very high by international standards, and they do have a program for reducing these. To be fair, they do have some social costs which elsewhere would be met by government. It is probably optimistic to suggest that FED overhead costs are much below the FPC level, but it is suspected that they are. If an annual charge for overhead of say 75S of the FPC level were added ta the FFD costs, over the entire rotation, costs would be as shown in brackets under the totals. Table 160: FIJI: LOG EXPORT VOLUMES ('000 m3) Year Total Harvest Export Processed 1983 167.0 18.0 149.0 1984 175.9 12 5 163.4 1985 193.9 12.0 181.9 1986 185.5 9.5 176.0 1987 221.8 31.3 190.5 Source: Bureau of Statistics July 1988. Table 161: FIJI: SAWMILL NUMBER & SIZE 1983 1987 1988 Mill output No. vol m3 Z of No. Vol m3 2 of No. Vol m3 Z of m3 p.a. Total Total Total * 5,000 5 53,957 61 12 60,840 78 9 na na 1,000- 5,000 12 18,927 22 8 4,680 6 3 na na < 1,000 41 14,786 17 51 12,480 16 18 na na Total 58 86,760 70 78,000 30 na Source: Drysdale 1988 Table 162: FIJI: SAWN TIMBER PRODUCTION. TRADE. AND APPARENT CONSUMPTION (m3) Year Output Export Import App. Cons. 1978 74,892 7,137 1,.192 68,947 1979 77,279 7,739 418 69,958 1980 83,875 13,500 729 71,104 1981 99,956 6,256 104 93,804 1982 72,425 6,419 2 66,008 1983 79,000 6,536 - 72,464 1984 83,000 12,015 - 70,985 1985 87,700 8,618 21 79,103 1986 82,000 8,504 1,137 74,633 1987 87,000 15,419 12,011 83,592 1988 na na na na Table 163: FIJI: PROJECTED SAWN OUTPUT, EXPORT AVAILABILITY AND DOMESTIC USE ('000 m3) Period Pine Mahogany other H'woods Natural Forest out exp dom out exp dom out exp dom out exp dom 1991-95 51 48 3 8 5 3 3 - 3 99 33 66 1996-2000 72 58 14 36 25 11 29 17 12 92 31 61 2001-05 127 108 19 36 25 11 57 40 17 81 32 49 2006-10 136 109 27 40 28 12 86 60 26 54 21 33 2011-15 212 168 44 45 34 13 110 82 28 54 24 30 2016-20 212 168 44 105 79 26 129 98 31 54 24 30 Source: Cameron, 1989 Table 164: FIJI: PANEL PRODUCTION & EXPORT ('000 m3) Veneer Plywood Exp. Unit Domqs. Exp. Unit Log Price price input US$ 1m3 1980 1.68 477 3.00 neg - 10.9 1981 3.08 538 3.39 .49 na 15.9 1982 2.73 646 2.86 1.03 15.2 1983 3.66 595 3.75 .42 17.7 1984 4.01 717 2.65 .44 15.7 1985 4.01 695 2.70 1.90 19.5 1986 3.70 628 3.00 na na 1987 3.98 772 3.48 2.81 712 23.7 * calculated from assumed recovery rates. Source: Bureau of Stats., Suva. Table 165: FIJIAN FOREST PRODUCT EXPORTS (1987) Commodity Quantity Revenue f.o.b. Unit Value (m3 or t) (F$mill.) (F$/m3 or/t) Logs 39,669 m3 2.0 50 Sawn Timber 15,419 5.5 357 Veneers 4,333 2.2 508 Plywood 2,806 2.0 713 Chips (pine) 37,156 t 1.9 51 Poles 352 Sandalwood 183 1.0 5.46/kg. Notes: 1) Log export restrictions were relaxed in 1987. 2) Sandalwood prices rose to $12.5/kg. the following year. The tree, a parasite, is cultivated. Table 166: FIJI: COMPOSITION & VOLUME OF SAWN TIMBER AVAILABLE FOR EXPORT '000 m3 Period Pine Mahogany Other H'woods Natural 1990-95 33 5 - 33 1996-2000 46 25 17 31 2001-05 69 25 40 32 2006-10 45 28 60 21 2011-15 96 34 82 24 2016-20 84 79 98 24 Table 167: FIJI: VENEER & WOODCHIP EXPORT POTENTIAL (vir. m3; chips BDU) Period Veneer Plywood* Woodchips Native Plant'n Pine Hardwood 1990-95 4,400 - 1,000 84,000 - 1996-2000 3,100 1,000 93,000 - 2001-05 3,000 - 1,000 140,000 220,000 2006-10 5,000 9,000 1,000 142,000 440,000 2011-15 5,000 6,000 1,000 218,000 440,000 2016-20 5,000 45,000 1,000 218,000 440,000 * assumes some specialty plywoods continue to be exported. Table 158s ACTUAL & PROJECTED HARVEST & EXPORT VOLUMES FROM FIJI '000 m3 (woodchips '000 BDU) L O G H A R V E S T E X P 0 R T Nat. Plantions (2) (5) For. Pine Hdwd Totl Logs Sawn Timber Total Veneer Total Ply'd W'dchips Totl 1978 n.a. n.a. 7.1 - 1979 n.a. n.a. 7.7 - 1980 299* 34* 263 13* 13.5 1.7 negl - 1981 n.a. n.a. 6.3 3.1 0.5 - 1982 n.a. n.a. 6.4 2.7 1 - 1983 107 n.a. 18 6.5 3.7 0.4 _ 1984 176 n.a. 12.5 12 4 0.4 1985 194 n.a. 12 8.26 4 1.9 - 1986 186 17* 2* 205 9.5 8.5 3.7 n.a. - 1987 222 80 2* 304 31.3 15.4 4 2.8 34* 43 1988 200* 245 5* 450 n.a. n.a. (4) n.a. n.a. n.a. {3) Nat. Nat.Pl'tn. Pine Mahog.Oth. For. For. Pine Hdwd 1991-95 240 334 26 600 31 33 5 - 33 71 4.4 - 4.4 1 84 - 84 1996-2000 220 408 144 772 43 46 25 17 31 119 3.1 - 3.1 1 93 - 93 2001-05 200 661 207 1068 67 69 25 40 32 166 3 - 3 1 140 220 360 2006-10 140 687 321 1148 68 45 28 60 21 154 5 6 11 1 142 440 582 2011-15 140 1072 351 1563 59 96 34 82 24 236 5 6 11 1 218 440 658 2016-20 140 1072 588 1800 77 84 79 98 24 285 5 45 50 1 218 440 658 Source: Cameron, Kehr, Hunter, 1989 (*) data taken from Hunter, 1989 {2) assumes IOZ of harvest exported an logs (no command processing) (3) the other hardwoods are mainly Anthocephalus cadamba and Cordia alliadora (90Z). Due to shorter rotation (35 vs. 20 years) the first will have a bigger share to 2020. (4) mainly Anthocephalus cadamba from 2006 to 2015. for the last 5 years also a big share of mahogany and maybe Cordia. (5) there is one plywood plant in Fiji which is supposed to meet predominantly domestic demand; only some speciality plywoods are likely to continue being exported. Table 169: SOLOMON ISLANDSt AREA, POPULATION, & DENSITY BY PROVINCE, 1986 Province Area population population bm2 '000 density /km2 Western 9,313 55.2 5.9 Isabel 4,136 14.6 3.5 Central 1,286 18.5 14.4 Guadalcanal 5,336 49.8 9.3 Honiara 22 30.4 1.381.8 Malaita 4,225 80.0 18.9 Makira 3,188 21.8 6.8 Temotu 865 14.8 17.1 Total 28,370 285.2 10.1 Source: Statistics Office, SIG, Honiara. Table 170: SI: PROJECTED POPULATION TO 2020. ('000's) Province 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Western 63.4 75.3 89.4 104.7 122.4 143.3 167.8 Central 21.9 26.0 30.9 36.1 42.3 49.5 57.9 Guadalcanal 57.2 -67.9 80.7 94;4 110.5 129.4 151.4 Honiara 34.9 41.4 49.2 57.6 67.5 79.0 92.4 Malaita 91.8 109.1 129.5 151.6 177.5 207.8 243.2 Makira 25.0 29.7 35.3 41.3 48.3 56.6 66.2 Temotu 17.0 20.1 23.9 27.6 28.0 32.8 38.4 Total 326.1 387.3 460.0 538.5 630.3 737.8 863.7 Table 171: SI; LAND OWNERSHIP BY PROVINCE, 1987 (kmZ) Province Total Customarv land Alienated Area Registered Un-regstrd Total Gov't Citizen other Western 9,313 10.4 8,211.1 1,091.5 661.5 294.6 135.4 Isabel 4,136 4.3 2,856.6 1,279.4 413.2 765.0 101.2 Central 1,286 2.0 1,055.2 230.8 115.6 7.5 107.7 G'canal 5,336 1.1 4,787.3 548.7 203.1 111.4 234.2 Malaita 4,225 2.9 4,123.9 101.1 35.6 36.4 29.1 Makira 3,188 0.4 3,127.9 60.1 17.7 31.9 10.5 Temotu 865 neg. 723.9 141.1 125.7 7.5 7.9 Total 28,370 21.1 24,913.1 3,456.9 1,578.2 1,254.3 624.4 Source: Statistics Office, SIG. Table 172: SI; DISTRIBUTION OF COMMERCIAL NATURAL FOREST BY OWNERSHIP (kmZ) Province Total Government Customary Western 1,923 828 1,095 Isabel 629 279 350 Central 39 0 39 Guadalcanal 316 0 316 Malaita 137 0 137 Makira 730 0 730 Temotu 85 85 0 Total 3,859 1,241 2,351 Source: FAO (1979) ANUTECH (1985) Table 173: SI: LOG HARVEST & REMAINING LOG VOLUME BY ISLAND, 12/31/88 ('000 m3) Initial Harvest Remainder Harvest Remainder Remainder end '85 end '85 86-88 end '88 Shortlands 500 500 0 na na Nth Choiseul 195 S 190 - 190 Mono Ovai 70 0 70 - 70 Vella Lavella 520 0 520 - 520 Rolombangara 1,713 1,710 0 - 0 Nth New Georgia 4,212 1,360 2,852 na na Sth New Georgia 1,544 1,1~35 409 na na Vangunu 1,070 80 990 na na Rendova 130 5 125 - 125 Santa Isabel 4,795 201 4,594 - 4,594 Russell Islands 170 10 160 - 160 Guadalcanal 1,336 550 786 na na Malaita 665 165 500 na na Makira 2,920 210 2,710 na na Santa Cruz 95 60 35 - 35 Vanikoro 146 140 6 - 6 Total 18,490 4,146 14,343 1,049 13,294 Source: based on UNIDO (1986) and more recent SIFD data. Table 174: SI: SPECIES COMPOSITION OF FOREST HARVEST 1985-6 ('000 m3) Volume 2 of Total Species 1985 1986 Total 1985 1986 Mean Calophyllum 80.1 83.4 163.5 19.1 19.3 19.2 Pometia 133.1 109.2 242.3 31.7 25.3 28.5 Vitex 3.0 3.4 6.4 0.7 0.7 0.1 Palaquium 3.8 4.9 8.6 0.9 1.1 1.0 Terminalia br. 18.2 23.7 41.9 4.3 5.5 4.9 Gonystylus 1.8 4.6 6.3 0.4 1.1 0.7 Schizomeria 6.2 5.0 11.2 1.5 1.2 1.3 Canarium 3.6 4.1 7.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 Parinari 9.9 8.1 18.0 2.4 1.9 2.1 Campnosperma 41.7 51.2 92.9 9.9 11.9 10.9 Dillenia 34.7 34.4 69.1 8.3 8.0 8.1 Mix red 5.7 23.8 29.5 1.4 5.5 3.5 Mix white 9.5 32.0 41.52 2.3 7.4 4.9 Super small 17.1 0.0 17.1 4.1 0.0 2.0 Other 51.5 43.7 95.2 12.3 10.1 11.2 Total 419.9 431.6 851.4 N.B. Figures do not balance because of rounding Source: SIFD annual reports, 1985,1986 Table 175: SI: AREA PLANTED BY LOCATION Year KOLO VIRU ALU STCR GIZO ALL Total 1967 47 47 1968 40 174 214 1969 212 235 447 1970 55 178 233 1971 466 474 941 1972 394 543 937 1973 54 76 130 1974 298 412 724 1,434 1975 851 851 1976 368 1,008 1,396 1977 433 896 293 1,622 1978 1,812 1,093 529 3,434 1979 1,608 456 1,220 3,284 1980 1,397 182 66 1,645 1981 126 73 199 1982 311 176 97 107 691 1983 299 264 314 222 1,099 1984 304. 353 187 164 1,008 1985 300 315 383 192 1,180 1986 336 273 370 979 1987 217 20 303 206 746 1988 208 241 158 122 729 Total 8,037 7,509 1,812 3,194 252 2,451 23,255 Source: SIFD records. The locations are: KOLO - Kolombangara, Western Province VIRU - Viru harbour, New Georgia,Western Province ALU - Shortland Is., Western Province STCR - Santa Cruz, Temotu GIZO - Western Province ALL - Allardyce, Santa Isobel Is. Table 176: SI: AREAS PLANTED BY SPECIES & YEAR Ytar AGAM CAMB CEDO EUCD QMA SWIM TECG TERB TERCAL MINOR MIXED Total 1967 47 47 1968 63 151 214 1969 388 59 447 1970 178 55 233 1971 474 442 24 941 1972 543 394 937 1973 76 14 40 130 1974 724 83 72 554 1,434 1975 598 160 94 851 1976 515 69 105 707 1,396 1977 117 412 20 9 30 1,034 1,622 1978 529 381 559 58 1,908 3,434 1979 994 634 302 29 64 1,261 3,284 1980 66 160 325 71 1,023 1,045 1981 73 36 15 74 199 1982 18 193 65 176 26 7 30 515 1983 129 192 62 303 89 56 8 171 1,011 1984 175 66 374 18 93 133 30 29 919 1985 140 173 101 481 51 167 34 43 38 1,228 1986 36 120 46 62 271 78 232 160 17 1,021 1987 32 19 70 130 403 139 207 999 1988 86 15 326 127 176 25 44* 799 Total l,926 5,950 398 1,012 896 2,193 176 1,373 1,816 80 7,246 22,706 * 44 ha. of TECG and SWIM AGAM - Agathis macrophylla CAMB - Campnosperma brevipetifolia CEDO - Cedrela odorata EUCD - Eucalyptus deglupta GMEA - Gmelina arborea SWIM - Swietenia macrophylla TECG - Tectona 8randis TERB - Terminalia brassii TERCAL - Terminalia calamansani Table 177: SI; PROJECTED YIELD/HA., HARDWOOD PLANTATIONS SPECIES ROTATION DIAMETER GROSS VOLUME NET VOLUME years Cm. m3 m3 CAMB 20 45 80-140 70-120 CEDOcl 20 45 80-140 70-120 EUCD 20 55 300-400 250-340 GMEA 16 55 260 220 SWIM 35 55 TECG 30 50 250-300 210-250 TERB 20 45 120-150 100-130 TERCAL 20 45- 100-140 85-120 N.B. It is emphasized that these estimates are very tentative. Recoverable volume will depend on the processing system to be used. Table 178: SI: PLANTATION TIMBER AVAILABILITY ('000 m3/ann.) Period Recoverable Volumes CAMB CEDO EUCD GMEA SWIM TECG TERB TERCAL MIX -1990 20 10 1991-95 46 4 2 22 13 1996-2000 40 51 9 8 5 113 2001-05 4 3 0 42 10 4 5 2006-10 1 12 8 75 11 3 1 2011-15. 19 75 3 2016-20 19 75 60 3 Table 179: SI: UNIT LABOR COST ESTIMATES, 1988 (SIS) Basic daily wage 7.00 Paid days 260 Effective working days 200 Annual wage cost 1,820.00 National Provident Fund 7.SZ 13.6.50 Leave travel 100.00 Total annual cost SIS 2,056.50 Cost per man day, general labor 10.28 Chainsaw operator e 8.00 p.d. 11.68 Supervisor e 9.00 p.d. Labor cost incl supervision at 1 sup/12 lab Labour per man day 11.37 (=US$ 6.25) Chainsaw operator per man day 12.77 (-USS 7.02) Source: SIED, April 1988 Table 180: SI: SAWN TIMBER PRODUCTION, SALES & PRICES 1979-88 Log Sawn Timber Input Prod. Recovery Export Data Domestic Price 000-'8 Z sawn m3 000's Z m3 000'S US$/m3 m3 000's US$m3 m3 1978 27.9 11.6 10.8 39 2.5 109 6.8 121 1979 40.9 14.7 17.0 42 8.3 136 7.7. 137 1980 40.9 15.0 19.5 48 5.8 172 8.5 137 1981 49.4 15.2 20.1 41 5.1 205 11.7 201 1982 58.6 17.9 23.5 40 7.1 199 7.9 na 1983 49.5 14.1 19.8 40 5.8 197 9.6 na 1984 33.0 7.2 12.0 36 6.2 216 7.1 na 1985 55.6 14.7 20.8 37 2.9 263 14.0 230 1986 38.4 8.9 14.9 39 3.9 335 11.0 242 1987 39.8 12.9 17.0 42 3.5 537 9.8 272 1988 29.0 9.4 13.0 45. na na 8.8 376 Source: SIFD and Stats. Office. Table 181: SI: PROJECTED SAWN TIMBER PRODUCTION FROM PLANTATION SPECIES ('000 m3/ann.) Period AGAM CAMB CEDO EUCD GMEA SWIM TECG TERB TERCAL MIX Tot 1991-95 10 15 25 1996-2000 10 6 5 8 15 44 2001-05 19 10 9 19 5 8 15 85 2006-10 19 10 7 9 34 5 8 10 102 2011-15 19 10 8 9 34 10 105 2016-20 8 34 27 neg 35 104 Table 182: SI; LOG HARVEST, USAGE & EXPORT PRICES SIS 1979-88 ('000 m3 & SI$Sm3) Total Export Price Savw Vol. 2 Sawn 1978 238.9 220.6 27.7 27.9 11.6 1979 278.9 258.2 57.0 40.9 14.7 1980 272.6 252.4 57.3 40.9 15.0 1981 324.7 300.6 46.5 49.4 15.2 1982 363.2 336.3 65.1 58.6 17.9 1983 350.9 350.9 55.7 49.5 14.1 1984 457.8 415.4 74.0 33.0 7.2 1985 419.9 349.4 71.0 55.6 14.7 1986 431.5 378.7 80.0 38.4 8.9 1987 307.6 267.8 125.0 39.8 12.9 1988 310.1 281.1 132.0 29.0 9.4 Source-:SIFD Table 183: PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS OF FOREST PRODUCTS, SOLOMON ISLANDS 1982-88 Log Log Sawn Timber Production S/Timber Product'n ExPort Log S/timber Domestic Export YEAR Volume f.o.b. Input Output Sales Volume f.o.b. '000 m3 '000m3 Unit '000 m3 '000 m3 '000 m3 'OOOm3 Unit Value Value US$/m3 US$/m3 1982 388.3 330 7.9 3.1 1983 394.8 336.7 9.6 5.8 1984 423.0 391.5 58 31.5 11.7 7.1 6.2 170 1985 378.0 330.4 51 47.5 19.1 14.1 3.2 228 1986 471.3 433.9 47 37.4 16.8 11.0 5.8 184 1987 321.8 280.3 63 41.5 17.6 11.0 5.0 211 1988 345.3 300.0 60 36.0 14.9 10.1 4.8 229 Source: Solomon Islands Statistical Office 1989; Exchange Rates mid-years from Central Bank of the Solomon Islands 1989. (1) The estimated conversion factor for swan timber is 0.40 - 0.44 (2) Log exports are generally 87 - 92? of the harvest. (3) 1988 is an estimated for the full year based on three quarters. (4) The sum of domestic sales and exports of sawn timber should equal output less change in stocks. This is not the case in some years unless improbable levels of stock are assumed. The problem lies in under- reporting by millers. (5) Figures for log exports in 1986 and 1987 are affected by the cessation of Lever's Pacific operations i the earlier year, ostensibly through disagreements with landowners on concessions, and the subsequent clearance of stocks. (6) There is a discrepancy between Forestry Department and Statistics Office figures for log production and sawnmill input. For 1982 - 84 the former's figures are higher, and from 1986 onwards they are lower for both statistics. Table 184: SI: AVAILABILITY OF SAWN TIMBER FOR DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION & EXPORT ('000 m3/ann.) Period Native forest Plantations Total AGAM GMEA Other dom. export dom. exp. dom. exp. dom. exp. dom. exp. 1991-95 15 5 11 14 26 19 1996-2000 15 10 3 3 17 21 35 34 2001-05 15 20 4 15 7 12 19 28 45 75 2006-10 15 30 4 15 12 22 20 29 51 96 2011-15 18 42 4 7 10 24 1S 22 47 103 2016-20 18 42 10 24 25 45 53 111 Table 185: SI: KOLOMBANGARA PROPOSED ROTATIONS Species s /ha thinning clear fall MAI yield harvest L_Spacing m. age s/ha age s/ha m3/ha/a m3 loss 2 merch saw chip Pulpwood EUCD 3x3 1,111 2 667 8 667 37.5 300 15 255 255 GMEA 4s3 833 2 667 8 667 35 280 15 238 48 190 Savlog GMEA 4x3 833 3 500 12 500 24 288 12 253 177 76 Source: SIFD, Honiara, April 19.88 Table 186: St: FOREST CPERATIONS - COST INPUTS (1988 COST BASIS) ;OLOMBANGARA PROJECT First Rotation Second Rotation Operation Labor Materials Total Labor Materials Total m.d. $ $ $ m.d. $ $ $ y 1 Surveyl Mapping 4 45 3 48 - - - - y0 Nursery 10 114 150 264 10 114 150 264 Site Clearing 6 68 - 68 - - - -Chainsaw 6 77 60 137 Line Opening 18 205 - 205 18 205 205 Planting - Gmea 8- 91 91 8 91 91 - Eucd 10 114 114 10 114 114 Blanking 2 23 23 2 23 23 Weeding 50 569 569 50 569 569 Fertilizer 2 23 110 133 Sub-tot Gmea 100 1,145 210 1,355 90 1,023 260 1,283 Sub-tot Eucd 102 1,168 210 1,378 92 1,046 260 1,306 Weeding Gmea 10 114 114 114 Eucd 20 227 227 227 y 2 Weeding Gmea 3 34 34 34 Eucd 12 136 136 136 Thinning 2 26 20 46 2 26 20 46 y 3 weeding Eucd 8 91 91 91 y 4 weeding Eucd 4 45 45 45 N.8.: Nursery cost of materials includes $50 per ha. for tools, chemicals and fertilizer plus $100 per ha. for seed; chainsaw cost at $10 per day includes fuel and spares; costs must be extended to rotation length and overhead costs added. Table 187: SI: PROJECTED EXPORT SAWN TIMBER & CHIP OUTPUT KOLOMBANGAM PROJECT Period SAWN TIMBER i chips BDU/ann. m3 l ann. 2000- 77,000 2007- 52,000 122,000 2015- f1,000 129,000 2023- 61,000 141,000 * This assumes 302 of sawmill log input is of exportable sawn output. Table 188: ACTUAL & PROJECTED HARVEST & EXPORT VOLUMES FROM SOLOMON ISLANDS '000 m3 (woodchips '000 BDU) LOG HARVEST EXPORT Nat'L For't ~fChips Nat'l For't Plantations Total Logs S/t'r Plantations Total V'n'r 1978 239 - 239 221 2.5 - 1979 279 - 279 258 8.3 1980 273 - 273 252 5.8 - - 1981 325 - 325 301 5.1 - - 1982 363 - 363 336 7.1 - - 1983 351 - 351 351- 5.8 - - 1984 458 - 458 415 6.2 - - 1985 420 - 420 349 2.9 - - 1986 432 - 432 379 3.9 - - 1987 308 - 308 268 3.5 - _ 1988 310 - 310 281 n.a. - - (1) (2) Agam Gmea 0th. Agam Gmea 0th. (5) '91-95 300 300 (41- - 55 355 300(81 5 - - 14 19 10 _ _ '96-00 300(212 - 9 84 393 300(8)10 - 3 21 3418 I S '01.05 200(801 38 237 104 579 250(8}20 15 12(3) 28 75 31 - 77 '06-10 - [601 38 479 109 626- - 30 15 74(3) 29 148 37 - 122 'h--S - (45 38 504 85 627 - 42 15 85(3) 22 164 42 (9) 129 '16-20 - (40 - 535 159 694 - 42 - 85(3) 45 172 58 ? 141 (11 Agam - Agathis macrophylla (2) Gmea - Gmelina arborea (3) incl. projected output from Kolomban*ara project (4) There is no national concept for actile management of natural forests. Mid- to long-term wood demand for domestic and export use is supposed to be met by plantations. Data (in bracketsl are estimates from Hunter 1989, who is assuming a slower decline than Cameron in 1989. {5) Data (in brackets] are from Hunter 1989, by multiplication with a conversion factor of 0.44 to reduce RWE to sawn m3. (6) Data for projected removals from plantations are gained from projected sawn production (Table 181) by using recovery factors of 0.50 for Agathis and 0.45 for Hardwoods. Amounts from Kolombangara Project are estimated from Table 187 by assuming: a) 30Z of sawmill log input is exportable, and b) 502 of sawmill log input will be chipped (residues), c) 2.53 m3 wood are necessary to produce 1 BDU of chips. (7) The underlying assumptions are that chips only will be produced at the Kolombangara Project (mainly Gmea and rest E. deglupta) and completely exported. (8) Cameron's assumptions of log export must be reduced if processing is successful. (9) No veneer production is planned at present but could be undertaken when plantations guarantee a steady supply of appropriate hardwoods. Source: Cameron, Kehr, Hunter, 1989. (1) All chips are assumed exported. All figures roundwood equivalents. (2) The domestic indigenous sawnmilling industry is given up to 8 years to adjust itself to export quality marketing. (3) After KFPL commences production, the domestic market begins to absorb some Gmelina sawn timber, but some time is required for prices to match export (4) Sawmill residues included with chips but transport losses ignored. Table 189: VANUATU: ni-VANUATU POPULATION PROJECTION TO 2019 Population Urban Rural Total 1979c 19,700 93,000 112,700 1984 22,370 105,590 127,960 1989 26,590 124,790 151,220 1994 31,180 147,200 178,380 1999 36,630 172,910 209,540 2004 42,940 202,680 245,620 2009 50,350 237,720 288,070 2014 59,050 278,760 337,810 2019 68,290 327,130 395,420 c Census data Source: Total figures from 'The mid-term review of Vanuatu's First National Development Plan" (RVNDP1) National Planning and Statistics Office. Dec 1984. Table 190: VANUATU: LAND AREA & ESTIMATED POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY REGION 1984 Island group Area km2 Population Z of Total Area Pop. Santo/Malo 4,010 19,423 30.7 15.3 Malekula 2,053 15,163 15.7 12.0 Tafea 1,627 17,506 12.4 13.8 Banks/Torres 1,527 4,955 11.7 3.9 Efate 887 19,819 6.8 15.7 Aoba/Maewo 699 9,576 5.3 7.6 Ambrym 666 6,176 5.1 4.9 Tanna 561 15,395 4.3 12.2 Pentecost 499 9,361 3.8 7.4 Epi 446 2,579 3.4 2.0 Panna 60 2,228 0.5 1.8 Shepherd 42 4,444 0.3 3.5 Total 13,086 126,625 N.B. This data does not exactly match that provided elsewhere for either land area or population. However, it is sufficiently accurate to illustrate the fragmented nature of the potential market. Source: Silviconsult 1984. Table 191: VANUATU: SPECIES COMPOSITION OF FOREST HARVEST, 1985 AND 1986 Species Volume I Representation of m3 Total Cut Excl. Milktree Milktree (Antiaris toxicaria) 29,039 56.2 Whitewood (Endospermum medulosum) 14,850 28.7 65.6 Blackbean (Castanospermum australe) 1,445 6.2 14.2 Namalous (Garuga floribunda) 3,205 2.8 6.4 Natora (Intsia bijuga} 532 1.0 2.3 Nakatambol (Dracontomelum vitiense) 552 1.1 2.4 Bluewater (Pterocarpus indicus) 373 ... 1.6 Nakavika (Syzygium spp.) 284 ... 1.3 Kauri (Agathis obtusa) 262 ... 1.1 Other 1,442 2.8 6.4 Table 192: VANUTATU: AREA OF FOREST PLANTED (ha.) LSP IFP Trials Total Cumulative 1970-72 15.3 15.3 15.3 1973 11.0 11.0 26.3 1974 1.0 1.0 27.3 1975 20.5 20.5 47.8 1976 22.0 11.0 33.0 80.8 1977 14.0 14.0 94.8 1978 17.0 15.0 32.0 126.8 1979 55.0 24.0 79.0 205.8 1980 105.0 45.0 156.0 355.8 1981 101.0 78.0 179.0 534.8 1982 146.0 172.0 318.0 852.8 1983 230.7 160.8 0.8 392.3 1,245.1 1984 112.0 284.3 18.5 414.8 1,659.9 1985 117.0 179.0 3.5 299.0 1,958.9 1986 3.5 184.0 3.5 190.8 2,149.7 1987 139.0 4.0 143.0 2,292.7 Total 943.7 1,292.1 57.6 2,292.7 Source: VFD Talle 193: VANUATU: LSP & IPP PLANTING BY YEAR & SPECIES LSP ha. IFP ha. Total ha. Cum. Total ha. Cordia Pinus Cordia Pinus Cordia Pinus Cordia Pinus Total 1975 21 2 21 2 21 2 23 1976 11 11 32 2 34 1977 12 12 44 2 46 1978 27 10 27 10 71 12 83 1979 47 14 47 14 118 26 144 1980 138 5 23 143 23 261 49 310 1981 114 2 12 41 126 43 387 92 479 1982 197 4 49 45 246 49 633 141 774 1983 102 30 121 132 121 765 262 1,027 1984 231 26 43 120 274 146 1.039 408 1,447 1985 117 15 44 120 161 135 1,200 543 1,743 1986 3 24 160 27 160 1,227 703 1,930 1987 0 0 na na na na na na 2,069 1988 0 0 na na na na na na na Source: VFD Table 194: VANUATU: PLANTATION LOG PRODUCTION PROJECTIONS TO 2008 Cordia Pinus LSP IP LSP IFP Area Vol m3 Area Vol m3. Area Vol m3 Area Vol m3 1996 21 6,300 0 0 0 0 2 S00 1997 11 3,300 0 0 0 0 0 0 1998 12 3,600 0 0 0 0 0 0 1999 27 8,100 0 0 0 0 10 2,600 2000 47 14,100 0 0 0 0 14 3,600 2001 138 41,400 5 1,500 0 0 23 6,000 2002 114 34,200 12 3,600 2 500 41 10,700 2003 197 .59,100 49 14,700 4 1.000 45 11,700 2004 102 30,600 30 9,000 0 0 121 31,500 2005 231 69,300 43 12,900 26 6,800 120 31,200 2006 117 35,100 44 13,200 15 3,900 120 31,200 2007 3 90e) 24 7,200 160 41,600 2008 na na na na na na na na Table 195: VANUATU: LOG HARVEST, TRADE; SAWN TIMBER PRODUCTION & TRADE, 1980-8 Log Vol m3 Production M3 Sawn Trade m3 Total Export Process Veneer Sawn Export Import Consump. 1980 2,513 13 2,500 - 1,000 55 1,197 2,142 1981 9,305 - 9,305 - 3,722 713 384 3,393 1982 6,766 15 6,751 - 2,700 637 402 2,465 1983 12,017 4,030 7,987 - 3,195 643 543 3,095 1984 36,477 27,184 9,293 - 3,717 234 521 4,004 1985 32,491 22,146 10,795 - 4,318 800 700 4,218 1986 19,517 6,637 12,962 - 5,901 820 380* 5,461 1987 39,237 23,716 15,521 na 8,018 1.163 na. 7,200* 1988 22,427 5,001 17,426 400 9,002 1,673 na. 7,709* o Only value data is available from 1986. The import shown for 1986 is an estimate based on the assumption that prices had risen by 10Z and the product mix was constant. It is claimed ( D. Wood, pers.comm.) that import of oregon, radiata and caribbaea are continuing. On the basis that building approvals for the first half of 1988 were running at higher levels than any time since 1983 it is probable that imports have not declined significantly. The apparent consumption figures are calculated using this assumption. Source: VFD records and Statistical Bulletin Q2, 1988, National Planning and Statistics Office. Table 196: VANUATU: LOG EXPORT VOLUMES AND FOB PRICES 1987-1988 1987 1988 Destination - No.<1 m3 USD/m3 No. m3 USD/m3 Japan 6 13,148 73.8 2 3,857 79.5 R.0.K. 4 6,298 76.0 1 2,050 61.4 Table 197: ACTUAL & PROJECTED HARVEST & EXPORT VOLUMES FROM VANUATU '000 m3 (woodchips '000 BDU)- LOG HARVEST EXPORT Nat. For. Plantation Logs Sawnwood Veneer Woodchips. 1980 2.5 negl. 0.05 - - 1981 9.3 - 0.7 - - 1982 6.8 negl. 0.6 - - 1983 12.0 4 0.6 - - 1984 36.5 27.2 0.2 - - 1985 32.5 22.1 0.8 - - 1986 19.5 6.6 0.8 - - 1987 39.2 23.7 1.2 - - 1988 22.4 5 1.7 - - Cordia Pine 91-95 300{2} - 300t2} - - - 96-00 100(1} 7.7 1.3 100(l} - - - '01-05 7 55.3 19.9 _ ?{3} 7(1.2] ?[1.2] '06-10 ? 28.2 36.8 - ? ? '11-15? 7 ? ? ? ? '16-20 ? 7 ? ? ? (11 Projections are based on the actually established plantations with rotations of 20 years. Due to uncertainty about the future extent of plantation programmes no estimates beyond 2007 are possible. Scarcity of funds and availability of land is supposed to create a hiatus in timber availability beyond 2008; thus long term sawnwood or veneer exports are doubtful (2) A newly approved concession operation will probably allow unrestricted export. So the natural forest (gross stocked volume of about 2 mill. m3) could be entirely depleted within a few years. (3) Cordia alliodora tests as a sliced veneer in New Zealand did not bring good results. Cameron (1989) expects it to fall into the low to medium species price range, suitable for panelling or mouldings. Table 198: INDIAN TARIFFS ON WOOD PRODUCTS* Indian Tariff Products I (BTN) Wood Chips 4A.01 0** Logs 44.03 10** Railway ties 44.06 69 Lumber 44.07 10** Veneer 44.08 10** Hardwood Flooring 44.09 60 Mouldings 44.09 - 60 Lumber 44.07 10** Fibreboard (MDF; hardwood, insulating board 44.11 100 Mouldings 44.09 60 Particleboard 44.10 60** Plywood (Softwood) 44.12 60 (Hardwood) 44.12 60 * India also applies a 402 auxiliary duty and an additional excise duty on must products (not on chips, logs, lumber, or veneer) but enforcement is unclear. Also, the majority of imports need to enter under specific import licenses. ** Tariffs reduced in May 1985; these products enter under 'Open General License", i.e., no specific license is required and payments are made in foreign currency instead of Rupees. Source: Adapted from NFPA, June 1986 "Tariff Rates as of Mid- June, 1986. T*AkI±.Iff: IUFEZGI COSTS (US$/ma) Vtrket - SIGAPOE HOW KONG TArN S.KUEA JAPAN Sourc./ Lose Lumbr Panels Log Lumber anels Les Lumber ftaeie Chips Log Lumber Panels Chips LIog Lumber Proal- Chips Sabah 18-21 S0 26-2S 2Si-S0 28 33-35 40 14 32-34 Sorowak 24 32 28-S0 36 36-39 46 34-36 Pap.Noe 0C'a 30-35 60 66 80-35 66 65 29-31 66 33-95 6S 6 34-36 80 80 65 Soloon l-lands 60 60 B6 66 35 65 65 34-36 00 36-38 fiji 62 66 63 63 23 USA V*et Coast 32 40 66 35 80-0 17 USA South East 26 28 Austrul I. 1S 17 tisinen Island 26-26 Now Zealand 29-81 65 22 31-33 60 70 82 60 26 Indone-ia 20 16 80 20-22 30 20-22 40 20-22 46 21-23 N.D. Freight rat" *re thJos ruling Harch-Juno 198. Source: Caeron, 1O8e; Industry sources (per.coes.); Chandler Fraser Kestine dtabases. Table 200: SAWN TIMBER & PLYWOOD FREIGHT RATES TO THE U.S.A., 1989 Sawn Timber USSIm3 From Asia to US West Coast 42-59 From Asia to US Gulf 54 From Asia to US West Coast (teak) 85 From Africa to US West Coast 230 From Latin America to US West Coast 95 From Latin America to Gulf (from- Peru) 95 Plywood US$/MBF To US Gulf from Taiwan 11.00 To US Gulf from Hokkaido 13.55 To US Gulf from Brazil 27.65 To US.Gulf from Eastern Europe 9.00 To US Gulf from Far East 10.50 To US West Coast from Far East 11-12.00 Source: CINTRAFOR, 1989 Table 201: FtJI: OVERSEAS FREIGHT RATES Destination Package Rates Rotterdam/Hull/Hamburg FCL US$ 1,650 LCL US$ 75/m3 US west coast FCL US$ 2,100 LCL US$ 51.47/m3 Japan FCL US$ 900 LCL US$ 62.5OIm3 Aust Masterpack F$ 1,450 US$ 1,051 NZ Masterpack F$ 1,330 USS 964 Mid east FCL US$ 3,500-3,800 N.B. Data for PNG indicates an additional port charge for the ports mentioned which constitutes a cost of delivery to the port, but is in addition to the normal wharfage and handling charges. These rates are US$ 6.28/m3 for FCL and US$9.28/m3 for breakbulk. Volume of masterpacks varies but shippers in Fiji indicate 20-22 m3/container. This is high, but is probably a reflection of the lower average density of timber being handled from Fiji. Table 202: PNG: SHIPPING COSTS Coastal Freight Rates Lae - Port Moresby K 38.50 + K 12 port rharges Western and Gulf Provinces - Pt. M'by X 44.00 + K 12 port charges West P.-Pt.M'by(no betth at loading point) K 60.00 Vanimo - Lae K 32.00 Vanimo - Pt. MHby (trans-shipped) K 90.00 Rabaul - Pt. M'by K 44.00 Kieta - Pt. M'by K 50.00 Madang - Wewak K 45 00 Madang - Lae ( delivered in-store Lae) K 22.00 Overseas freight rates PNN - Australia Sydney FCL/masterpack AS 1,900 Melbourne A$ 1,700 Burnie A$ 1,800 Kimbe - Brisbane K 72/m 3 PNG - New Zealand FCL K 1,150-1200 33 K 63/m 3 PNG - Japan FCL/BB US$ 80/m 3 PNG - ROK FCL/BB USS 65/m 3 PNG -USA PNW FCL USS 3,300 LCL USS 125/m 3 PNG - Singapore/Hong Kong FCL USS 900 LCL USS 55/m 3 PNG - Hull/Hamb./Rott. FCL USS 1.650 LCL USS 65/m 3 "Sydney" means discharged at Newcastle and carried to Sydney by road. N.B. The European ports apply a special charge, above normal discharge costs at a rate of USS 6.28/m3 for FCL and USS 9.28/m3 for breakbulk cargoes. These are payable by the consignee. Wharfage on coastal cargoes are a standard K 1.45 per m3 in and out. Wharfage on overseas cargoes are K 4.80 in and K2.90 cut. Storage charges (Ports Authority) are: outward cargo 7 days free then K 0.50/m3/day inward cargo 4 days free than K 0.75/m3/day 4~~~~~~~~~~ Tablo 203: EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS 1970 - 198 (SUS B.*.) FIJI PNO SOLOMONS VANUATU PHILIPPINES MALAYSIA INDONESIA KOREA SINGAPORE JAPAN TAIWAN 1970 .8709 .8929 .8929 100.99 6.9044 3.0B12 U82.83 310.66 3.0B12 380.00 - 1971 .8586 .8S17 .8807 98.80 6.4317 3.0S23 591.88 847.16 3.0W0? $49.33 - 1972 .8246 .8387 .8373 81.81 8.8748 2.6198 416.00 392.69 2.8126 303.17 - 1973 .7937 .7029 .7041 72.04 6.7653 2.4433 416.00 398.32 2.4674 271.70 - 0974 .8064 .8947 .6981 77.60 6.7879 2.4071 416.00 404.47 2.4389 292.08 - 1976 .8210 .7832 .7839 89.21 7.2479 2.3938 416.00 484.00 2.3713 298.79 - 1978 .8989 .7923 .8183 77.24 7.4403 2.6418 416.00 484.00 2.4708 296.66 - 1977 .9170 .7911 .9018 79.41 7.4028 2.4613 416.00 484.00 2.4394 268.61 - 1978 .8487 .7084 .8737 72.94 7.3868 2.3180 442.06 484.00 2.2740 210.44 3e.00 1979 .8368 .7118 .8880 I8.78 7.3778 2.1084 823.08 484.00 2.1748 219.14 38.00 1980 .8176 .8704 .6298 08.29 7.6114 . 2.1769 628.99 807.43 2.1412 228.74 38.00 1981 .8632 .8724 .8702 87.83 7.B997 2.3041 031.78 881.03 2.1127 220.64 38.00 1982 .9317 .7376 .9711 98.21 0.6400 2.3364 881.42 731.08 2.1400 249.08 38.00 1983 1.01B1 .8341 1.1488 99.37 11.1127 2.3213 909.28 776.76 2.1131 237.61 40.00 1984 1.0611 .8942 1.2737 99.23 188987 2.3438 1,026.94 806.98 2.1331 237.62 40.00 1986 1.1628 1.0000 1.4808 108.03 18.8073 2.4830 1,110.68 870.02 2.2002 238.64 40.00 1986 1.1320 .9713 1.7416 108.08 20.38N7 2.6814 1,282.56 881.45 2.1774 188.62 37.80 1987 1.223S .9081 2.0033 109.86 20.6877 2.6198 1,843.86 822.67 2.10B0 144.84 29.20 1986 1.4298 .8887 2.0826 104.43 21.0960 2.8188 1,886.70 731.47 2.0124 128.16 28.30 Source : International Monotary Fund International Financial Statistics 1989 TA Ia, 204: CN4R#M URICE IlCICES 1970-S FIJI FM SOL006 VANUAW IL tIPpoS NALAYSIA PONESIA KIJA SI4MAPW JAPAN USA End.. I End.: * Index I lJde, I lode I lode. S . Index * End.. * Indd. x Index S R2Ind. s 1970 S8.80 25.60 a6.40 20.00 22.20 5S 50 42.S0 47.10 1971 40.00 6.53! 45.80 47.10 90 00 21.18 57.30 1.6 20.60 4.00 25.20 13.61J 64.40 1.68! 45.00 6.38S 49.10 4.251 1972 44.50 9.071 48. 10 6.S1 50.40 7.01% 38.50 6.41! 59.20 8.825 22.0 6-78S 20.10 11.51 55.70 2.39S 47.20 4.09 50.80 eD S.4 1978 49.50 11.24X 52.10 .821 52.00 s.17n 89.00 16.425 65.40 10.47X 29.00 80.68 29.00 .201 66.50 10.391 62.70 11.655 53.90 6.101 1974 66.70 14.65! 64.20 28.221 11.60 16.8s5 52.80 84.10 76.80 17.48S 40.90 41.081 86.10 24.401 61.40 22.415 65.00 23.345 s.e80 10.061 1975 64.10 18.055 70.00 10.441 66.00 10.08X 65.90 6.661 80.20 4.48S 48.60 16.6S 45.20 25.21X 03.60 2.70! 72.60 11.691 65.80 9. 20 1976 71.40 1t.391 76.80 7.2 70.90 4.26X 76.70 61.00 9.12 82.80 2.621 56.80 1O.96 52.10 10.27! 62.30 -1.561 79.40 9.37S 69.10 5.81 1977 76.80 7.56! 79.70 4.46S 71.o00 C. 01.10 6.741 67.10 10.00o 86.20 4.741 64.70 IO.96S 57.40 10.1I1 64.60 2.79! ".690 0.191 78.60 6.51S 1s7 81.40 8.99 64.40 6.01S 1.80 6.231 8.80 6.412 72.00 Table 205: EUROPE: REMOVALS BY COUNTRY GROUP mill. m3 1980 1988 Nordic countries 103.8 ECC(9) 91.1 Central Europe 16.6 Southern Europe 59.6 Eastern Europe 79.5 EUROPE 350.5 367.5 of which: - Coniferous 227.9 240.7 - Non-coniferous 121.8 126.8 Table 206: EUROPE: LAND AREA AND FOREST RESOURCES ca. 1980, BY REGION mill. ha. & mill. m3 o.b. (GS), mill. m3 u.b./ann. (incr.) Forest Exploitable closed forest Land & other Area Growing Net Total Area wooded Stock Annual Removals* areas Increment Nordic countries 112.4 59.9 48.3 4,407 146 103 EEC(9) 150.7 34.5 27.8 3,565 128 82 Central Europe 12.2 4.9 4.0 1,109 25 19 Southern Europe 179.8 66.6 27.1 2,582 93 60 Eastern Europe 96.8 28.0 25.8 4,278 113 78 EUROPE 551.9 193.8 132.9 15,941 505 341 * Recorded removals from all sources (not only exploitable closed forest). Southern Europe includes Albania. Table 207: EUROPEAN FORECASTS OF WOOD REMOVALS IN 2000 BY REGION & SPECIES GROUP mill. m3 u.b. Base 2000 (1980) Low Z increase High Z increase Nordic countries 103.8 109.8 + 5.7 130.1 + 25.3 ECC(9) 91.1 101.1 + 11.0 114.7 + 25.9 Central Europe 16.6 19.9 + 19.9 21.8 + 31.3 Southern Europe 59.6 77.1 + 29.4 82.3 + 38.1 Eastern Europe 79.5 82.8 + 9.7 89.2 + 12.2 EUROPE 350.5 390.8 + 11.5 438.1 + 25.0 of whichs -Coniferous 227.9 256.4 + 12.5 289.2 + 26.9 -Non-coniferous 121.8 134.4 + 10.3 148.9 + 22.2 Source: ETTS IV, Table S.4 Table 208: YIELDS AND PRODUCTION COSTS FOR PULPWOOD IN SELECTED COUNTRIES Production Costs Average yields USS/tonne m3Jyear/ha Brazil (1) 245 25.0 (2) USA (South) 272 15.0 Canada 295 5.0 Portugal 305 10.0 (2) Finland 357 5.0 Spain 368 10.0 (2) Sweden- 388 5.0 France 426 7.0 (1) In some plantations (Aracruz, a.o. ) yields are coming up to 50m3lyear/ha and more through the use of modern silvicultural methods (cloning, etc.). As a result costs are reduced to about 200 US$/t. (2) Eucalypts Source: Compiled by CMF S * S Table 209: INDIAN SUBCONTINENT FOREST STATISTICS Forest Total Conifer Non Conifor Forest as X Ave. Annual Ave. Annual fat Chrnge Thousand Ha Forest Area Closed Forest Closod Forest Other Total Land Arao Forost Lose Forest Renowl Forest India Subcontinont Bangladesh 2,207 B20 2,207 16.8 9 9 1 Bhutan 2,210 4,937 1,684 47.0 2 1 -I India 77,914 433 07,684 6,39a 28.7 147 120 -27 Nopal 2,308 1,326 1,696 180 16.4 84 2 -82 Pakistan 4,080 68 2,480 296 6.1 7 7 0 Sri Lanka 2,702 2,726 42.4 26 10 -16 India Subontinmnt 91,601 7,879 78,276 9n8 26.0 273 149 -124 Tab*210: ?II4 5UBCOTIOM R0U'M00 PR0OUTION PR0CUC. N AO TADE198447 T1ta I Rudweod Voiul . .ruti..Znf 1000 Cubic Weo,-r 1I'm I191 it T 1964 197M I986 1987 di ShCtin.ot son lIda.b 26.401 V.I4 27,so840 2:18 2 0Ou. 3.224 3,224 3,224 3'Z14 U44c 241.140 148,319 280, 28 254,263 2 27 408 8Y7 Naeal 18,41 18,778s 16.127 18,479 Ptai sun 20,1 8 20.94? 21,318 21.885 17 i8 32 32 Sri Lani,. 8,86 8,890 8.667 8.814 India hcwtint0 315.024 322,000 327,829 333.197 44 45 438 8" World 3,12,026 3,1,M277 3.254.392 3.312,447 111,214 113.2 116C,882 124,480 India Subcontin.nt 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 1 s of World Total Ttea I Ra,.ndu.d Vel _ hx~~~~~E.ort Net 1000 Cubic e .t.~r 1984 1911 lWS6 1987 1W4 lWe 198S 1W7 DIdia Subcont,ntnt Bangladesh 2t,488 27,144 27,840 28.362 am"".. 7 7 7 7 3,217 3.217 3.217 3,217 India 22 16 76 76 241,143 248,330 280,56 255,084 I4eaI i26 126 126 126 18,309 1S,680 16,001 16,353 Paki ot*n 20.173 20.968 21,427 21.887 Sri Lanka 190 48 33 33 8.306 8,844 8,684 8,781 India Subcontinent 345 191 242 314,723 321,880 327,725 333,414 World 103,249 100,264 106,84t 117.4tl 3, 15 991 3,16e,857 3.264,42S 3,359.494 ndia SubcOntinaot 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 world Ttal m100 Cubic mater* 1984 1983 1986 164 1968 1,988 1C87 India Subcotin.ot h..glad.h 28,483 27,144 27 840 28,562 Shutan 3.224 3,224 3.224 3,224 India 8,894 9,132 9,245 9.359 221.974 226,717 230,361 234.088 Nal 10 120 120 12 0 o is 171 1S.S12 1.857 16,209 Pulat. 1.,169 1,233 1,255 1'278 18,487 19,714 20.140 20,S77 Sri Lank* 8.394 8S.42 8s.69 8,766 India Subentin.nt 10,183 10.48 0 10,10 10,757 294.233 300,853 306,061 311.406 World 1,248,819 1,254,000 1,305,357 1,3511665 1,761.3t7 1,384,268 1,87.346 1,879,110 Table 211: AREA OF FOREST AND OTHER WOODED LAND IN MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES Total Forest S Other Wooded Land Closed Forest Other Wooded Land Share of Area Total Land per of which: of which: Area Area caput Area Conifer Area Conifer (1,000 ha) '000 ha. 000 ha. Iran 12,400 7.5 0.35 1,900 20 10,500 2,500 Iraq 1.910 4.4 0.12 30 20 1.880 80 Israel 100 4.8 0.02 80 55 20 10 Jordan 82 0.8 0.02 54 18 28 10 Kuwait 15 0.8 0.01 - - 15 15 Lebanon 85 8.2 0.03 35 10 50 15 Saudi Arabia 1,200 0.6 0.10 - - 1,200 600 Syria 420 2.3 0.04 90 40 330 10 Utd. Arab. Emir. 3 - - 3 - - - Yemen A.Rep. 2,500 12.8 0.37 _ - 2,500 - Yemen D.Rep. 1.600 .4.8 0.75 - - 1,600 - TOTAL 20,315 3.9 0.19 2,192 163 18,123 3,240 Source: FAO World Forest Resources 1980. Table 212: REPORTED ROUNDWOOD REMOVALS IN 1987 IN MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES Industrial Wood of which: Coniferous Total Share Share of total Change of total industrial Volume on 1976 Volume removals Volume wood '000 m3 (2) '000 m3 (Z) '000 m3 (2) Iran* 6,769 + 2 4,376 65 - 0 Iraq* 143 +17 50 35 - 0 Israel* 118 0 107 91 62 58 Jordan* 10 - 1 4 40 - 0 Lebanon 493 + 1 25 5 17 68 Syria 48 +18 34 71 8 24 Yemen. D. Rep.* 306 +25 - 0 - 0 TOTAL 7,887 + 3 4,596 59 87 2 Source: FAO Yearbook of Forest Products 1989. *Ujnofficial figures or estimates. Table 213: SELECTED f.o.b. PRICES OF AFRICAN TROPICAL LOGS IN EUROPE, 1981-87 US$/m3 Azobe Dibetou Makore Obeche Okoume Ozigo Sapele Sipo * Cameroon Ivory C't Congo Iv.C'st Gabon Gabon Cameroon Iv'y C'st 1981 71 136 149 98 178 122 212 228 1982 61 116 128 95 147 95 175 194 1983 72 104 113 84 127 78 161 199 1984 66 99 104 79 112 69 175 200 1985 82 97 116 80 127 85 173 195 1986 110 152 154 141 166 105 224 231 1987 126 175 180 167 190 113 250 266 Source: Marches Tropicaux et Mediterraneen. Paris/France Table 214: SELECTED f.o.b. PRICES OF MALAYSIAN TROPICAL LOGS IN JAPAN, 1980-7 US$/m3 Meranti Seraya Keruing Keruing Seraya 2nd Sarawak Sabah Sarawak Sabah Sabah 1980 - 165 - 140 1981 - 136 - 116 1982 112 112 - 95 1983 o0 97 - 79 1984 113 115 - 90 1985 75 86 64 69 89 1986 92 97 72 74 95 1987 130 - 111 101 119 Source: Marches Tropicaux et Mediterraneen, Paris/France Table 215: TROPICAL iARDWOOD LOG PRICES FROM WEST AFRICA (c.i.f. European continental port, in USSIm3) Species Price Obeche/Wawa/Samba/Ayous 325 - 345 Sipo/Utile 340 - 375 Sapelli 380 - 405 Moabi 340 - 370 Iroko (free of sapwood) 275 - 305 Azobe 175 - 195 Tola 250 - 270 Wenge 475 - 630 Longhi 395 - 450 (1) Quality: FAQ resp. L M M (ex former French territories) Table 216: FPO.B. PRICES a fREI@T ftATES. PACIFIC ISWOS aport. Product-. Freight Rate to Country ~a Sawnuod Veneer and Plywood ood-ips Rotterdam/Hlul/ U#Jds US1/m US6/d US6/t Hamburg (7) Fiji 1987:(1) 0 75.-- 19087 (4): 0 (260) 1907: 1987 (4): (7) FCL (): 11# 1650/cot. ,980; Veneer: U62 (370) (4.6) (e. caribb.a) LCL (9) U. 75/mS Hardwood to Australis. Plywood; 510 (519) (4) R/S XD dreaming grade 376 1989 Pine (cii) to AuaLrnlina Veneer fac rad: 9W00-1000 A/$S iD Scantling 751) 246-293 (minly Lo North America Board (25) 232-326 l*ea to Australia. INI1 1987: 0 8005 1986 (740S .3 0 248 Veneer no auports 1986 69 1988: 0 78.77 190? (4800. 0 290 Plywood: lost *eported 1087 106 FCL: U51650/cont. Species (2) 11 S3.81-148.52 1908 (1500 a 0 a3n () itn 1986 432 (hardwood froe - Po_etin f(29.0) 94.80 natural foreot) LCL: uaSS 65/d - *lpluN (7804 96 71 - li 6 12) 56.62 Loa f!eih - Teralalin (4.91) e0.00 rate-. 98 - 45/AS (10) Solomon 19O8 0 49.10 1985 0 206 Ialands 1987: 0 63.00 1987: 0 271 FCL: USS 165I/cont. 1988 0 64.00 4/80 (rough *nan ehipping)c 1989 (3) for Posetia/Calop. to NZ 197-205 LCL. US 6S/mS - Poeti a (28.01) 120 Poatia/C.loph to Au. 244-261 - Calophyllum(20.016)110 Tersinalia brown - Aus 239 fright rat* - Palaqulua (1.01) 150 Palaqulus to Au. 273-356 4S/dl (10) Amors to Au- 299-300 Vanuatu 1987: 0 75 1980: 0 244 1988: 0 73 (but wide ranga ot prices) FCL: USS 1650/cnt. LCL 1U1S 65/c3 Source. Caeron, 1909 (I) O averae* valu, of all epecle. and grad.s 2 cu- lIn tout S Thnee estimate by Cameron (1989) could b too high copnard to fob pricen for logo In FMP 1980 and the fect that fob price in Sl traditionall yarm lower than in PNO4 (4) oat t hg n from Huntoer 1909) in brachet-, converted to tS6 ucing historical * chang. rates. when necesary. (5) Thn;ncreas of sawncd pricna is maanly due to devaluation of the Kinn vs. LS. There hna ben a significant decline in **part vOiuIIF (especially to Jnpsn). ( There are confi ctin Jot& on * o b. prig*& 1987 from Hnter an4 Comran (1989) probil becaus- of diff/r nt sureon. lb* ThEuropen porto apply a apoeinl charg, above normal di chere costs at a rnt- sf" VS.*28/*9 for fCO and US11 0 28/a3 for hCL caoca.n a charge ar payable by the conaigns (8) fCL - full container loads atoag rat" ry beteeen 10 and 22 3 per 20 - Standard container dApending on type and dienaion of product and attention paid to th etonage by ahippera. LCL * lee. than a container load. 0) Current lot freight rate. to Europe core not available but Ca-eron (1909) a*sunos the, Lo differ only a little from the rates to Indin. (11) Stewage rate. in Vanuatu arm suspected to be very peor (12 d3/20 container) which would make the ehipping at FCL rate, very eapeneiv. Table 217: SELECTED F.O.B. PRICES OF TROPICAL SAWNWOOD FROM SOUTH-EAST ASIA US$ /m3 Increase 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 2 Dark Res Meranti GMS fob Singapore 234 241 244 232 289 311 329 40 Ramin Sel + Up fob Singapore 251 291 267 271 263 195 402 60 Kapur GMS fob Singapore 170 172 167 172 161 162 168 - Meranti Av. fob Price Indonesia 161 150 151 144 144 157 182 13 Ramin Av. fob price Indonesia 103 189 192 177 144 168 220 112 Dark Red Meranti GMS Sel & Btr. fob Pen. Malaysia 212 222 238 224 182 215 238 12 Merbau/Intsia GMS Sel & Btr Pen. Malaysia 203 190 225 265 259 249 246 21 Light Red Meranti GMS Sel & Btr Pen. Malaysia 170 163 177 194 166 173 189 11 Source: FAO 1987 Table 210: D IRT STATIStICS OF TROPICAL SADN 8t SPEClS OF SELECTiD 8A0PEX COtItRIES JanuvryJune 1900 Scn Fro Cra w *1i j2 t 1 Total Total Aver*ag Stec leS ...1J81.9111LLM15..3. 3..LL... I.ZU...j 2 vahue. Value value 0010 m3 us ill Utss/s3 Sleeper. 0.16 3.02 297 2.18 0.6 257 - - 0.18 0.06 33 12.62 3.64 291 Stumpd anod 0.92 0.41 446 1.74 1.86 366 8.12 2.79 0.94 10.18 7.67 747 2.65 1.40 604 6.24 5.04 800 24.72 10.99 162 !uldine and ould 0.17 0.25 1,470 1.04 1.116 I,1S 0.12 0.23 1.38 0.71 534 8.03 2.67 8W1 5.69 5.02 022 Sttipe_I __/ _ 0.92 0.41 446 1.67 1.43 911 2.00 1." 783 10.03 7.95 738 1.92 0.78 639 3.21 2.37 738 19.03 13.9? 734 Sawnwood Cded-e s tropical 123.93 43.00 352 183.70 87.89 389 198.69 78.00 397 201.53 91.93 456 268.80 00.10 320 293.36 140.46 475 1,270.12 510.82 402 l"ornti so 114.49 39.5S 346 150.2S 55.00 986 182.60 71.88 391 188.17 76.61 456 23.71 78.C5 321 201.50 83.22 416 1.065 62 403.42 379 U,hit. L,.IsII- - - - - - - - 33.40 7.02 210 33.4 7.02 210 Raeuc - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - 14.1S 6.58 465 14.16 8.58 465 Toak - - - - - - - - 4.25 3.82 852 4.25 3.62 852 Other eg - - - - - - -77.80 34.07 438 77.0 34.07 438 Ok*ufe/Az4 .p 7.97 3.45 438 29.55 11.11 374 12.98 6.86 439 31.98 14.55 455 29.21 10.97 876 38.33 19.77 616 149.96 05 57 437 Axoeb 1.78 0.75 434 - - _ _ _ _ _ - - 11.70 4.33 388 - - - 13.51 5.08 316 Sepell. - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - 3.05 1.72 564 3.05 1.72 S84 Sipo - - - - - - - - - - - - v - 4.50 2.89 642 4.5 2.09 642 Iroko 8.86 3.73 421 8 86 3.73 421 Ot6-r ok - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - 10.57 8.71 526 16 57 8.71 626 8eboun/sahp 1.47 0.59 401 0.87 0.40 637 3.26 1.77 645 1.38 0.77 558 0.96 0.40 500 53.50 38.46 681 61.23 40 43 660 Iaho"ny - - - 61.1S 84.86 601 51.15 34.85 6"1 Other Oab 8p - - - -. - - - - - - - - - - 2.35 1.61 685 2 35 1.6t 686 Naanen - - - 1.20 0.47 373 _ - _ _ _ _ - 1 26 0 47 373 Frasiru - _ - 2.05 0.95 463 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 05 0 95 463 (13 Volume '000.* - Cit Valueo US$ illion 3 - Cit Value USU paer Source: FAO 1988; ECL/FAO 1988 Table 219: PLYWOOD PRICE MOVEMENTS OF EUROPEAN IMPORTS FROM INDONESIA 1988/89 Quality: Meranti-Plywood, untreated, BB/CC, WBP-glued Thickness: 4m Pricebase: as per APKINDO-List, c.i.f. continental Europe Price (USS/m3) per August 1988 388 + 282 (l)(2) per January/March 1989 388 + 222 per May 1989 388 + 282 per August 1989 388 + 38? per last quarter 1989 388 + 302 (1) Reasons for price variations: buyers from P.R. China were temporarily unable to open credits, thus the plywood had to be shipped to other markets (mostly France); (2) Germany imported 62,000 m3 in 1987 and 69,000m3 in 1988 of Meranti plywood. Table 220: SPECIAL PLYWOOD PANEL PRICES FROM D ONESIA, AUGUST 19A8 & 1989 Quality: both sides film-coated (120 gram/m2) Thickness: 21mm, special sizes for shuttering. etc. Pricebase: c.i.f. continental Europe Price (USS/m3) (1) per August 1988 480 per August 1989 450 (1) Price reductions were caused by higher production of four Indonesian plymills for film-coated ply production; more price reductions are expected. Table 221: SUMMARY OF WOODEN PRODUCTS IMPORTED BY GERMANY (FRG) IN 1986 Product Volume Value Group '000 m3 Z US$ mn. Z 1 Sawnwood 4,447 45.9 1.042 21.6 2 Veneer and Boards 2,092 21.6 987 20.4 3 Roundwood 1.486 14.3 279 5.8 4 Furniture 944 9.7 1,888 39.1 5 Profiles 332 3.4 97 2.0 6 Furniture Parts 102 1.0 164 3.4 7 Construction Elements 93 1.0 105 2.2 8 Other Semi-Finished Prod'ts 101 1.0 72 1.5 9 Doors 46 0.5 46 1.0 10 Interior Decoration Elem'ts 15 0.2 21 0.4 11 Parquet 16 0.2 21 0.4 12 Mouldings 9 0.1 20 0.4 13 Household Goods 11 0.1 16 0.3 14 Windows 4 - 22 0.5 15 Frames 3 - 14 0.3 Total 9,701 100.0 4,826 100.0 Table 222: SPECTRUM OF ASCENDING VALUE ADDED IN EUROPEAN IMPORTS TUS$/m3 US$/m3 RWE - roundwood 100 - 170 100 - 170 - rough savnvood 280 - 300 155 - 165 - plywood 400 - 450 160 - 180 - construction elements 470 - 1,000 210 - 450 - parquet 1,100 - 1,380 440 - 450 - furniture parts 1,100 - 1,500 440 - 600 - household goods 1,200 - 1,350 480 - 540 - mouldiags 1,500 - 1,900 600 - 7.60 - furniture 1,800 - 2,200 720 - 880 - doors and windows 1,900 - 5,000 760 - 2,000 Source: Kehr, 1989 Table 223: C & F LOG PRICES JAPAN US$Sm3 Source f.o.b. C & F Country Species Price Freight Price Japan Cedar 187 Cypress 474 Sabah Lauan FAQ 120-125 32-34 155 Lauan SQT 130-135 32-34 165 Keruing 117 32-34 150 Albissia 23-37 32-34 Sarawak Lauan FAQ 120 34-36 155 Keruing 120 34-36 155 USSR Larch N.A N.A 80 Fir N.A N.A 123 New Zealand P. radiata 'A' 53 32 85 USA D.Fir No.3 101 32 133 Hemlock No.3 88 32 120 Papua New Guinea Kwila 149 34-36 184 Callophyllum 97 34-36 132 Taun 94 34-36 129 Basswood 69 34-36 104 Mixed light hardwood 80-90 34-36 120 Solomon Islands Taun high grade 120 30-38 157 Callophyllum high grade 110 36 38 147 Mixed light hardwood 80-90 36-38 122 N.B. Some freight rates have been estimated to provide comparative C&F prices. Prices are those ruling out May-June 1989 unless otherwise stated. Prices were obtained from a variety of sources, but predominantly through direct contact with importers and consumers. C & F price points imply a range of about 1 5X. Log prices for Vanuatu and Fiji are not included as recent trading has been insignificant. . Table 224: C & F LOG PRICES - KOREA US$/m3 Source FOB C & F Country Species Price Freight Price Korea Pine (pulp) 60 Sabah Lauan FAQ 120-125 26-28 150 Lauan SQT 130-135 26-28 160 Keruing 117 26-28 144 Albissia 23-37 26 56 Sarawak Lauan 120 28-30 149 Keruing 120 28-30 149 USSR Larch Not Imported Fir New Zealand P. radiata 'B' 26 31-33 58 USA D.Fir No.3 101 32 133 Hemlock No.3 88 32 120 PNG Kwila 149 33-35 Callophyllum 97 33-35 Taun 94 33-35 Basswood 69 33-35 Mixed light hardwood 80-90 33-35 Solomons Taun 94 36-38 Callophyllum 97 36-38 Mixed light hardwood 80-90 36-38 Source: Cameron, 1989; Numerous industry sources. Table 225: C & F LOG PRICES - TAIWAN US$/m3 Source FOB C & F Country Species Price Freight Price Taiwan Yellow cypress N.A 1,020 Red cypress N.A 754 Sabah Lauan FAQ 120-125 21 0 LauanSQ+ 130-135 21 0 Keruing 117 21 0 Albissia 23-37 18-21 50 Sarawak Lauan FAQ 120 24 146 Keruing 120 24 146 USSR Larch Not imported Fir New Zealand P. radiata "B' 26 29-31 56 USA D.Fir No.3 Limited volumes only Hemlock No.3 Papua New Guinea Kwila 149 29-31 Callophyllum 97 29-31 Taun 94 29-31 Basswood 69 29-31 Mixed light hardwood 80-90 29-31 Solomon Islands Taun 94 35 Callophyllum 97 35 Mixed light hardwood 80-90 35 Source: Cameron, 1989; Numerous industry sources. Table 226: C & F LUMBER PRICES - JAPAN US$/m3 Source Species Specification FOB Freight C & F Country Price Price Japan Cedar green squares 449 Cypress green squares 897 USA Hemlock green cants 169 35 204 D Fir green cants 212 35 247 Oak green sawn 264 35 299 Indonesia Yellow Meranti AD sawn 170 45 215 White Meranti AD sawn 200 45 245 Malaysia Rubberwood RD sawn 173 40 213 Ra4in KD sawn 205 40 245 Lauan AD sawn 230 40 270 New Zealand P. radiata green flitches 120 50 170 KD sawn 225 55 280 W. Africa Mahogany green flitches 400 70 470 PNG Mixed Species AD sawn 305* 80 385 Solomons Taun AD sawn 230-240 80 315 Callophyllum AD sawn 230-240 80 315 Gmelina AD sawn 200 80 280 Fiji P caribaea KD sawn 185 63 248 Kauvula AD sawn 250 63 313 Dakua makadre AD sawn 407 63 470 Mahogany AD sawn 429 63 492 * Based on domestic prices plus port charges and freight. Source: Cameron, 1989: industry sources; Chandler Fraser Keating database. Table 227: C & F LUMBER PRICES - KOREA US $Im3 Source FOB C &F Country Species Specification Price Freight Price Korea Pine Green sawn 120 USA Hemlock green cants 169 40 209 D.fir green cants 212 40 252 Oak green sawn 264 40 304 Indonesia Yellow Meranti AD sawn 170 40 210 White Meranti AD sawn 200 40 240 Halaysia Rubberwood KD sawn 173 30 203 Ramin KD sawn 205 30 235 Lauan AD sawn 230 30 260 Sepetir KD sawn 180 30 New Zealand P. radiata green flitches 120 50 170 KD sawn 225 55 280 W. Africa Hahogany green flitches 400 70 470 PNG Mixed Species AD sawn 305 65 370 Solomons Taun AD sawn 230-240 65 300 Callophyllum AD sawn 230-240 65 300 Gmelina AD sawn 200 65 265 Fiji P caribaea KD sawn 185 55 240 Kauvula AD sawn 250 55 305 Dakua makadre AD sawn 407 55 462 Mahogany AD sawn 429 55 484 Source: Cameron, 1989; Numerous industry sources; Chandler Fraser Keating database. Table Z28: C & F LUMBER PRICES - TAIWAN US $1m3 Source FOB C & F Country Species Specification Price Freight Price USA Semlock green cants N.A N.A D Fir green cants N.A N.A Oak green sawn N.A N.A Indonesia Yellow Meranti AD sawn 173 30 203 White Meranti AD sawn 200 30 230 Malaysia Rubberwood RD sawn 173 30 203 Ramin RD sawn 205 30 235 Lauan AD sawn 230 30 260 New Zealand P. radiata green flitches 120 50 170 KD sawn 225 55 280 W. Africa Mahogany green flitches 400 70 470 PNG Mixed Species AD sawn 305 65 370 Solomons Taun AD sawn 230-240 65 300 Callophyllum AD sawn 230-240 65 300 Gmelina AD sawn 200 65 265 Fiji P caribaea RD sawn 185 55 240 Kauvula AD sawn 250 55 305 Dakua makadre AD sawn 407 55 462 Mahogany AD sawn 429 55 484 Source: Cameron, 1989; Numerous industry sources. Table 229: C & F LUMBER PRICES - SINGAPORE US$/m3 Source Species Specification FOB Freight C & F Country Price Price USA Hemlock green cants N.A N.A D Fir green cants N.A N.A Oak green sawn N.A. N.A Indonesia Yellow Meranti AD sawn 180 20 200 White Meranti AD sawn 210 20 230 Malaysia Rubberwood KD sawn 173 20 193 Ramin XD sawn 205 20 225 Lauan AD sawn 230 20 250 New Zealand P. radiata KD sawn 225 55 280 W. Africa Mahogany green flitches 400 70 470 PNG Mixed Species AD sawn 305 60 365 Solomons Taun AD sawn 230-240 60 295 Callophyllum AD sawn 230-240 60 295 Gmelina AD sawn 200 60 260 Fiji P caribaea KD sawn 185 52 237 Kauvula AD sawn 250 52 302 Dakua makadre AD sawn 407 52 459 Mahogany AD sawn 429 52 481 Source: Cameron, 1989; Numerous industry sources (pers.comm.) Table 230: C & F LUMBER PRICES - HONG KONG US Slm3 Source Species Specification FOB Freight C & F Country Price Price USA Hemlock green cants N.A N.A D Fir green cants N.A N.A Oak green sawn N.A N.A Indonesia Yellow Meranti AD sawn 180 30 210 White Meranti AD sawn 210 30 240 Malaysia Rubberwood KD sawn 173 30 203 Ramin KD sawn 205 30 235 Lauan AD sawn 230 30 260 New Zealand P. radiata 1D sawn 225 60 285 W. Africa Mahogany green flitches 400 70 470 PNG Mixed Species AD sawn 305 55 360 Solomons Taun AD sawn 230-240 55 290 Callophyllum AD sawn 230-240 55 290 Gmelina AD sawn 200 55 255 Fiji P caribaea KD sawn 185 55 240 Kauvula AD sawn 250 55 305 Dakua makadre AD sawn 407 55 462 Mahogany AD sawn 429 55 484 Source: Cameron,. 1989; numerous industry sources. Table 231: C.& F PANEL PRICES TO N.E.ASIA US$/m3 Source C & F Country Species Specification FOB Freight Price JAPAN Japan Lauan Formply 285 Indonesia Meranti Form ply 258 21-23 280 2.4mm ply 408 21-23 430 Lumbercore 18= 248 21-23 270 USA Softwood 16mm Particle board 129 80 209 SOUTH KOREA South Korea Lauan Formply 270 18mm MDF 280 Tndonesia Meranti Form ply 249 20-22 270 2.4mm ply 400 20-22 421 Lumbercore 18mm 239 20-22 260 New Zealand P.radiata 3.2mm Bison board 263 70 333 USA Softwood 12mm particle board *102 56 158 Softwood 18mm MDF 297 56 263 5.Smm MDF 367 56 423 TAIWAN Taiwan Lauan Formply 270 Indonesia Meranti Form ply 239 20-22 260 2;4mm ply 400 20-22 421 Lumbercore 18mm 219 20-22 240 HONG KONG lhdonesia Meranti Form ply 239 20-22 260 2.4mm ply 400 20-22 461 Lumbercore 18mm 220 20-22 241 SINGAPORE Indonesia Keranti Fnrm ply 239 15 254 2.4mm ply 400 15 415 Lumbercore 18mm 220 15 235 Source: Cameron, 1989; Industry sources. Table 232: C & F WOOD CHIP PRICES TO N.E. ASIA US$/BDU Source Specification FOE Freight C & F Country Price JAPAN Japan Hardwood 238 Softwood 147 USA - W. Coast D.Fir 125 40 165 - S.E. Mixed Oak 85 70 155 Alder 124 70 194 uSSR Figures not available Australia Eucalypts 118 42 160 Fiji P.caribaea 90 50 140 New Zealand P. radiata 90 55 145 Indonesia Meranti 53 30 83 (1) SOUTH KOREA South Korea softwood 70 Virtually no wood chips imported - either pulp logs or pulp. TAIWAN Taiwan Hardwood 200 + USA - W. Coast D.Fir 125 65 190 - S.E. Mixed Oak 88 65 153 Alder 124 65 189 Australia Eucalypts 118 37 155 Fiji P.caribaea 90 45 135 New Zealand P. radiata 90 50 140 Indonesia Meranti 53 30 83* * Price appears very low and could not be verified. Source: Cameron, 1989; industry sources. Table 233: RELATIVE PRICES OF INDIGENOUS & IMPORTED HARDWOOD CHIPS, JAPAN, 1984 ('000 yen/tonne; indigenous undez chip silo, imported in store) Domestic Imported Prefecture (north to south) Exporter Hokkaido 28.3 Australia 22.6 Iwate 25.8 U.S.A. 28.6 Miyagi 23.8 New Zealand 25.4 Akita 25.0 P. New Guinea 20-.2 Gifu 22.7 S. Africa 23.3 Kochi 25.0 Kagoshima 24.4 N.B. No connection between Prefecture and Exporter Source : Fenton, 1988 , Table 234: SELECTED PRICES FOR SAWLOGS & SAWN TIMBER, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, JAN.1989 (MS/m3) East Coast Central West Coast Export Sawlogs: Heavy - Chengal 357 355 360 Merbau 295 300 295 Medium - Keruing 220 222 223 Kapur 214 215 217 Light - DRM 282 280 282 LRM 235 236 237 Sepetir 185 185 188 Rubberwood 26 26 26 Sawntimber: Chengal 635 637 635 509 Merbau 640 644 646 774 Keruing 410 413 416 360 Kapur 420 425 420 341 DRM 450 460 470 864 L2M 400 405 410 775 Ramin 656 Sepetir 345 346 350 376 Rubberwood 489 403 Source: Malaysian Timber Industry Board (MTIB), 1989 4 Table 235: SELECTED U.S.A. IMPOt.T PRICES Lumber RW/L 414 MBF KD (FOB Warehouse Boston) Latin America Banak Mahogany (Honduras) Plain USS2,000-2,1Q0 Asia FAS t1 corn Dark Lauan USS1,550-1,600 US$960-970 Light Lauan US$1,300-1,310 Africa FAS Ribbon FAS Plain US$1,448-1,495 US$1,435-1,445 Asia MBF FOB Warehouse (New York) Teak US$2,800 Mahogany US$1,062 Distribution Yards (Albuquerque) Macassar Ebony US$17,000 Prime quality AD Rough 1l Jelutong US$2,150 Select & better KR Rou h 21 Lauan US$1,420 FAS 1l XD Rough Padauk US$330 FAS 1' RD Rough Plywood Asia Distribution Yard (Albuquerque) NSF Lauan 1/8' US$278 GIS 114^ US$384 GIS Teak 1/4' US$697 GIS Veneer CIF California 1/240 US$28 Backs 1/6' US$120 Core Lauan 1/6' US$90-95 Core Banak Import Prices Lumber US$/MBF Brazilian Banak t1 Common & Btr 260 Gulf Brazilian Banak t1 Common & Btr 150 FOB (Brazilian Banak 2 years ago 403 Gulf) Brazilian Mahogany #1 Common & Btr 732 Gulf (Brazilian Mahogany 2 years ago 944 Gulf) Brazilian Mahogany 650-700 East + Gulf Brazil offering today Llc no interest Far east charge 6-7 percent interest Cheaper FOB Brazil prices compensate for higher freight rates Lauan 4/4 Select & Btr 1,100-1,200 West Coast Lauan 4/4 Select & Btr 650-800 West Coast Keruing Floor Stock 1,600 Gulf Kapur 500 West Coast Ramin 850-900 Gulf Teak 2,550-3,200 West Coast Plywood Importer C+F ($/MSF) Birch from Taiwan 175 Gulf Birch from Canada . 250 Gulf Lauan from Indonesia 145 West Coast Lauan from Indonesia DBB 3mm 103-105 West Coast Lauan from Indonesia DAB 3mm 110 West Coast Source: CINTRAFOR, 1989 Table 236^ TAIWANESE DOMESTIC LOG PRICES (NT$/m3) 1973 1981 1988 Yellow cypress 7,094 17,707 14,614 Hemlock 2,211 5,338 4,057 Taiwan Oak 1,736 4,427 3,130 Imports: Lauan 1,837 3,570 3,359 Import Average USS/m3 48 100 116 Table 237: VANUATU: LOG EXPORT VOLUMES & F.o.b. PRICES, 1987-8 Destination 1987 1988 Japan 6 13,148 73.8 2 3,857 79.5 Rep. of Korea 4 6,298 76.0 1 2,050 61.4 Table 238: VANUATU: NATURAL FOREST STUMPAGES, 1988. Species (group) Range US$1m3 Ave US$/m3 Kauri 8.41 8.41 Blackbean 6.07 14.02 8.61 Natora 7.01 9.35 8.44 Whitewood 1.67 7.48 6.29 Milktree 3.74 6.54 4.50 Hardwood 5.61 7.94 7.64 other 2.80 2.80 Source: FD records. Table 239: HYPOTHETICAL COUNTRY'S EXPORT PROFILE, VOLUMES & PRICES, 1990 & 2020 1990 2020 f.o.b. f.o.b. Product VOLUME PRICE REVENUE VOLUME PRICE REVENUE '000m3 US$/m3 US$'000 '000m3 USSIm3 US$'000 Natural Forest: Logs: Calophyllum 150 98 14,700 60 120 7,200 Mixed LE 1,300 64 83,200 950 96 91,200 Sawn Timber: Agathis 40 410 16,400 16 415 6,640 Plantation: P. caribbaea: Sawn Timber 33 190 6,270 85 266 22,610 Woodchips* 92 149 13,708 219 103 22.557 Mahogany: Sawn Timber 6 430 2,580 80 458 36,640 Total Revenues 136,858 186,847 2020 Revenues at 1990 prices: 156,421 Table 240: COMMERCIAL NATURAL FOREST AREAS & STOCKING Country Area '000 km2 Stocking mill. m3 - Gross Volume Fiji 2.5 10 Papua New Guinea 140 350 Solomon Islands 3.5 13 Vanuatu .5 2 Table 241: SPECIES COMPOSITION IN FOREST HARVESTS Species* Percentage Representation in country & region Fiji PNG SI Region Level of cut mill. .3 0.2 1.8 0.3 2.3 Agathis 19 1.6 Deccusocarpus 5 0.4 Dacrydium 2 0.2 Caloplyllum 11 7.8 19.2 9.6 Campnosperma - - 10.9 1.4 Canarium 2 3.1 - 2.6 Celtis - 2.8 - 2.2 Dillenia 3.0 8.1 3.4 Endospermum 19 2.2 - 3.5 Garcinia 2 - - - Grnystylus 3 _ _ _ Heritiera 2 - - - Homalium - 6.1 - 4.8 Intsia 2 2.2 - 1.9 Myristica 19 - - 2.5 Octomeles - 3.6 - 2.8 Palaquium spp 4 3.8 1.0 3.4 Palaquium hornei 3 - . _ Parinari - - 2.1 - Pometia - 23.0 28.5 21.7 Pterocymbium - 3.5 - 2.7 Terminalia - 4.9 4.9 4.5 Syzygium 4 2.5 - 2.3 * Only species constituting 22 of the total cut in any country is included in this list (Data for Vanuatu is not significant). Table 242: PLANTATION AREAS BY PROBABLE PRODUCT TYPE Period Area Planted ha. 000's Fiii PNG SI Cabt. Ute. Pulp Cabt. Ute. Pulp Cabt.Ute.Pulp 1956-60 .7 .3 * .5 1.8 1961-65 2.5 .6 .4 2.7 1966-70 4.4 3.1 1.0 1.9 .9 1971-75 2.31 11.3 .9 3.8 4.3 1976-80 2.4 16.1 .7 3.9 1.2 1.7 9.1 1981-85 9.1 21.3 neg 3.9 2.4 1.8 2.1 1986-90 11.3 24.8 .2 2.0 8.5 3.4 2.1 .4 1991-95 16.2 25.7 6.0 4.0 15.0 5.0 4.3 3.6 1996-2000 16.2 25.7 20.0 4.0 15.0 5.0 4.1 4.0 * A high proportion of the pine, included here as a utility species, will be used for pulp I Data for species other than Mahogany in the period 1971-1985 is averaged over the whole period, so may not be quite accurate. Cbt. = Cabinet sp.; Ute. - Utility sp. Table 243: PACIFIC ISLANDS & PACIFIC RIM COUNTRIES PROJECTED PRODUCTION 1995-2020 ('000 m3 RWE/ann.) NATION/PRODUCT 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Pacific Islands: Western Samoa 50 90 95 100 110 120 Vanuatu: Natural Forest 300 100 ? 7 ? ? Plantations (Pine) 1 20 37 ? 7 Cordia 8 55 28 ? Tonga 6 10 12 14 16 17 New Caledonia 10 11 13 15 16 16 Niue, Kiribati, Tuvalu, Micronesia... 5 5 5 5 5 5 Fiji: Natural Forest 240 220 200 140 145 140 Pltn. Hdwds. 26 144 207 321 351 588 FPC/FD Pines S/log 137 177 287 299 466 469 FPCIFD Pines P/log 197 231 371 388 606 603 Solomon Islands: Nat'l 290 90 70 50 40 40 Pulplogs KFPLIFD 2 230 264 268 291 320 Sawlogs KPFL/FD - 64 117 120 130 160 Papua New Guinea: Natural Forbst 3,200 4,900 5,100 5,500 5,000 4,700 Plantation: Pine+Oth 112 142 182 202 240 260 Hardwoods 125 . 265 615 870 970 970 Pacific Rim: USSR Far East/Siberia: Total Production 135,000 140,000 145,000 150,000 158,000 165,000 Export Sftwd.S/L/T 8,600 9,000 9,500 10,000 12,600 15,300 Export Hdwd. S/L/T 240 250 290 340 820 1,200 Export Sftwd.P/L/C 3,000 3,200 3,350 3,500 3,500 3,500 Export Hdwd. P/L/T 220 230 470 700 940 1,150 USA (Whole Nation): Total Production 333,000 315,000 328,000 306,000 319,000 299,000 Export Sftwd.S/L/T 34,000 27,000 21,000 24,000 27,000 20,000 Export Hdwd. S/L/T 4,500 4,300 4,400 4,100 4,300 3,900 Export Sftwd.P/L/C 3,800 3,700 3,800 3,700 3,750 3,450 Export Hdwd. PIL/T 600 550 600 550 570 500 Canada: Production (B.C.) 72,500 69,000 76,000 69,500 70,000 62,500 Exprt Sftwd. S/L/T 45,000 43,000 49,000 45,000 45,000 39,000 Exprt P/L/C 1,100 800 1,200 1,000 1,000 700 Japan: Production 33,000 34,000 36,600 38,400 39,500 40,000 Softwood S/Log 17,000 17,860 20,250 21,100 21,458 22,000 Hardwood S/Log 2,000 1,900 1,750 1,600 1,550 1,500 Softwood PlLog 4,400 5,240 5,800 6,700 8,000 8,600 Hardwood P/Log 9,600 9,000 8,800 9,000 8,500 7,900 South Korea: Poplar 2,500 4,416 4,450 4,500 4,600 4,650 Other Species 1,750 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,500 2,550 Table 243 :cont.) NATION/PRODUCT 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 China: Industrial.S/logs 50,000 52,000 54,000 55,000 57,000 61,000 Pulplogs (& Fuel) 8.000 8,500 9,000 9,000 9,000 10,000 Taiwan Province: Softwood S/Logs 65 60 150 450 650 750 Hardwood S/Logs 65 44 20 20 40 60 Pulplogs 700 750 680 600 720 910 Australia: Native Sawlogs 3,300 3,000 2,600 2,300 2,100 2,000 Native Pulplogs 5,000 4,500 3,000 1,600 1,400 1,200 Pltn. Sawlogs 5,500 7,500 10,600 13,700 14,700 15,700 Pltn. Pulplogs 5,200 5,500 5,300 5,100 4,900 4,700 New Zealand: Pltn. Sawlogs 4,722 5,978 9,562 11,840 13,107 13,885 Pltn. Pulplogs 6,663 8,222 10,745 11,830 11,713 11,588 Ntve.+Ndwd.Pltn.S/L 170 180 110 200 210 220 Hdwd. Pulp/Chips 350 340 320 310 300 300 Chile: Pltn. Sawlogs 4,500 5,800 9,500 10,900 12,500 14,000 Pltn. Pulplogs 9,000 10,900 12,500 15,800 15,500 16,000 Native S/Logs 810 840 890 920 1,000 1,100 Ntve.& Euc.PIwood 300 450 600 690 730 750 Peninsular Malaysia: Hdwd. Sawlogs 4,920 5,420 5,780 6,620 7,000 7,400 Rubberwood 1,800 1,200 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Sarawak: Swamp Hardwoods 6,500 5,000 4,900 4,800 4,700 4,600 Hill Hardwoods 2,100 1,700 1,600 1,600 1,500 1,400 Pi-antations - - - 500 1,000 1,500 Sabah: Hardwoods Sawlogs 6,700 1,237 1,100 1,000 1,000 1 000 Plantations 1,600 1,900 2,400 3,000 4,600 -,000 Indonesia: Natural Hdwds. 32,900 26,400 21,000 17,400 13,800 12,500 Plantations 5,700 13,300 17,500 24,600 26,800 29,800 Rubberwood 400 700 850 1,000 1,300 1,700 Philippines: Natural Sawlogs 2,500 2,000 1,800 1,500 1,500 1,500 Plantation S/Logs 500 1,000 3,500 4,600 5,500 6,500 Plantation PJLogs 1,000 1,500 2,500 2,800 3,000 3,000 N.B. All in m3 roundwood equivalents, including S/LIT (Sawlogs + Sawn timber) and P/L/C (Pulplogs + chips). Source: Cameron, 1989; Hunter, 1989 FIGURE I . . 6. (a) PAP tOlt (b) PA A I j | J11u. mtr. 60. 9t Al St -lCAJW*ftftMdIPr4~~~ PAPOIry laO.Iry i IP IPttmlg tdur 9.1 %1 at * 1 4. | I I I -fta1a 81ost I.S _Pr.Ok un"r so 81 -__/_________9t__-_____ (b)bt.41 l'lX"'r"Z *iIS,(V 3.=I | I jltaa &.ja9Iy 1iOO.O f 0.Mig tA 1sk j ja*.4hI.Et1 indzu I I Jpl.AlwctsOA (61 ". W I k. IX (a) 4.611 frap.w pro*c s I I I (b) SB.9 9t i*ab IItn _ imucry 4.4 aw S.D uu jyc (b)13.22 I 1-0 i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0.) t ~~~(O) 99.9t | ozx zs - t#oe J Xssw . aC.s.{ uws Al |b) I | (1*) 1.11 I I ttw ww b J&~#0ao fasI 1 (a) 3a I I I I I etdlri,Paeir retail 0.d9 1 .n (b) 1. n (b)19.4& if- ~-ts5 it IX II pL* ts * I ( Paer (ti Pa(gAreo d SL1iNLL: uinuursty oU lnhuetiuAeb IiMi & lEiba.^hVy. NlerbiI.h;a Aihests in* t0o1W* tatl <_talv 4.uWt)o|eq *t Li lstte ab IOZ. FI(tM.E 2 BROAD OUTLINE OF JAPANESE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY'S ACTIVITIES IN 1987 4 Pu4p'wood sf L SfttoV *og Ut Pwowod...............10. 0 cu*i meats g 0,"4 97a g Plp. PPIOer and Waite Pp te,. ....10O0 metric tons Smit Pubpoad Recipts 32.166F bmlU, Pupwod Consumior 32.41|1 --30% Woeod Pulp Prduction 9.1 6 16 Wito P, & Oth d w ' , > F~~~~~~~~~~ibre Supply hS%417 S PapotPulo 9.542 r S Chemn. 7.413 I O .. sje SmctSti-n. h 446M 16 00. Mitns Receipts 17t7 Cww. Meal. IB . M.h 1,0 Powe Wood Pulo Cosumotiow 11.615 Do. ConsumotiOn 11.740 Tot Comestic Pao & Pawobord Production 2.537 96 61 Domestic Platt2w Domestic Suply 12. <7 hoPpboard I Surp 9.130 426 Not Domettte Paftper O P "Caita Caonumption Powerboard Contufp .Jon 164.koS Paw Cnsumtotion 13.075 Pgertod Consumptiotn 9.516 C|ltuse Us 9516 Industrid Us 1 (42.X 1%9 Household Use 1.3SO t WM t7t It Al the ehu ee"tttwe. flgwqs El 45 itlN ul'itni b i,rwp rA.qr±nt FIGURE 3 . European Apparent Sawnvood Consumption by Species Group in 1985 7 uiu. HrW.d (13.5) T,vok-e 1 Xd(L) (Z.1* L * iggy e*u* Cmoet.4 Logs S s u.:44 4WRUM 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 5.[e:d^$ FIGURE 4 S European Plywood Consumption by Species and Sources in 1986 ~~~~~~A f U -m 70 -t d--_I- 40 ? i a ti' 1 Z0 40 etota coo"ga a S.GZ u .t2dUoe e;l * 1400 .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~f FIGt'E 5 Wiorld Tropical Hardwood Imports Shares (1986) p I~~~~t 70 ITRE 6 European Imports of Tropical Hardwoods by Assortment (1976 and 1986) 7 .0 40 30 197E Aom t97 mC S ftrQC AWW E S LOU 7 European Plvwood Production and Import 120 - & 1' 100 so . ; , 70 1973 1974 1975 1974 t977 1978 1979 t980 191I 1952 I983 t184 19U1 1986 a rr * 1.4 .~~~~ FIGURE 8 -a~ ~ ~~~~~~~ya 0: Pidmaa9A + a~i,* Flrj'RE 9 European Tropical Sawn Hardwood End-Uses Estimate for 1986 OMW \GrAtruete (S.) rVWdW (27.03)\ OVr w_,,fUgffoA (a.as) FISURE 1^ S.=- we ranam MUWW I"e e-^!e n§;- 'st!e* :_, ;6u^-^:21 ;-'>-',o_____ _I _ naUUatU n.uaYl-_. tao 'D _ - t &_ ?s_ FI(URE 1 1 , - J. * . - . . - _. - . - .- ...... ... .._. .f~~~~~~~~w,v ^z tl JU A ~v_-e Chilean Trade VALUE OF FOREST PRODUCT EXPORTS BY COMMOOIT'Y 1986 24.34 i I "t~~~~~~~~~~~~N 12.9SI 8>-AUAVI IR / \(/ \1.3% ~~~PULP 32;S*J ^,N. * Re-mbautactutd 'J.C.P.L. * Woodctapa U aoL&*ood products Pulploqs IN a 5.5%) P.P. Panl Products P.. * Papec P/80t4d h.I.P. a Non-wood Ptoducts - fN: a 3%) {N2 * a..Sa boa hips, Soldo 1e4ves QuWl.y ;4tk, p&ft ushroom 0URCE: SNPOR; N23N01 EXPOR T C)ESJtNAT IONS B Y VAL UE 1985 Total Val" * $334.6 mll. (1946 * $403.1 Mail. NORmU ADtilICA 1G\ "' / / \ / 9e\\^t / /AC9 ntznO SOUTH A(8XCA 32% Restc of W. eUCe34L ws sta :uot 4t YugoslaviaC \ 1956 \ 8OtRCt lNlt1986 W ASL IA f PACIFIC U EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS - $US BASE JAPAN Yen/$US 400 350 300 \ 250 200 150 - loo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 100 . 0 I ' ' l' '} ' ' l_' 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 Year Yen CONSUMER PRICE INDEX MOVEMENTS JAPAN Index No. (Base = 1980) 150 125 .100 75 - 50 25 02 4 ' I '. I ' I I ...... I.I ', 1970 1972 .1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1988 1988 Year -> Japan e~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5,: ..:4: I, 4, e I i 5 iU _ . * 40~~~~~~~~~~ 4w~~~~~.9 S...-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6 ... FIGLTRE 17 Oe8^!- ^^ ^ 'aaa..- 7 ....E.t*.^. _~- IA,'!.> a.j 's!>- a a ex p) 0 .4 ._~~~~~~- * /. a . S~~ - * '.- ::_i ::~zte ..i J