103337 POLIC IES F OR tem*wftwGuf aiGa&;aMu;a&;/ SH acwfrD? yGifhvif;í tvkH;pkHyg0ifEkdifaom AR aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepf wnfaqmufjcif; E D P R O SP ER ITY IN M YAN M AR ALL ABOARD Policies for shared prosperity in Myanmar This Policy Note was prepared by: Alexandra Drees-Gross (Team Leader and Senior Financial Sector Specialist); Nagavalli Annamalai (Lead Counsel); Sau Ngan Wong (Senior Counsel); Nang Htay Htay (Financial Sector Specialist); Jose De Luna Martinez (Senior Financial Sector Specialist); Kiyotaka Tanaka (Financial Sector Specialist); Harish Natarajan (Senior Payments Specialist); Balakrishnan Mahadevan (Senior Payments Specialist); and Ivan Mortimer-Schutts (Senior Payments Specialist) under the guidance of James Seward (Practice Manager, Finance and Markets). ALL ABOARD Policies for shared prosperity in Myanmar tem*wftwGuf aiGa&;aMu;a&;/ acwfrD? yGifhvif;í tvkH;pkHyg0ifEkdifaom aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepf wnfaqmufjcif; tem*wftwGuf aiGa&;aMu;a&;/ acwfrD? yGifhvif;í tvkH;pkHyg0ifEkdifaom aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepf wnfaqmufjcif; jrefrmekdifiH\ aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepfonf vsifjrefpGm toGiful;ajymif;vsuf&dSygonf/ wHcg;ydwf 0g'ESifh pD;yGm;a&; aemufcHordkif;aMumif;wkdYu tao;pm;ESifh rzGHYjzdK;aom aiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJYtpnf;rsm; om tarGcsefcJhonfhtjyif aiGa&;aMu;a&;0efaqmifrIrsm;udkyg vufvSrf;rDEdkifrIedrfhusonfh tajctae wGif&SdcJhonf/ 2011 ckESpfrSpí ukefoG,frIESifh&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrIwdk;jrifhvmjcif;? tdrfaxmifpk 0ifaiGwdk;jrifh vmjcif;? tpdk;&vkyfief;rsm;us,fjyefYvmjcif; ESifhtwl aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepfrsm; vdktyfrIonf rsm;pGm MuD;xGm;vmcJhygonf/ rMumao;rDumvu jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;onf aiGa&;aMu;a&; u@ wdk;wuf ap&ef tm;ay;vIHYaqmfEkdifcJhaomfvnf;? aus;vufae jynfolrsm; tMum; qif;&JEGrf;yg;rIavsmhcsa&;? 0ifaiGwdk;wufa&;ESifh jrefrmh pD;yGm;a&; us,fjyefYvmrIaMumifh jzpfay:vmonfhvdktyfcsufrsm; jynfhrDa&; wkdYtwGuf ,SOfNydKifEdkifpGrf;&Sdaom? pGrf;&nfjynfh0aom aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@ wnfaqmuf&efwdkYt wGuf vkyfukdifaqmif&Guf&ef rsm;pGmusef&Sdaeygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@rS csrf;om MuG,f0rI&&Sd&ef b@ma&;0efaqmifrIrsm;udk vufvSrf;rDa&; wdk;jrifhvkyfaqmif&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/ jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;aqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf aemufcHtajctaeESifh tcGifhtvrf;rsm; jrefrmhaiGa&;aMu;a&;pepfonf pD;yGm;a&;avmu\ BuD;rm;aom tpdwftydkif;tjzpf zGHYNzdK;vm&ef tvm;tvm rsm;pGm &Sdygonf/ Z,m; (1) t& jrefrmEdkifiH\ pkpkaygif; jynfwGif;xkwfvkyfrI (GDP) wGif yk*¾vduu@rSacs;aiG (credit) yg0ifrItcsdK;onf 9% om&SdcJhNyD; tvGefedrfhyg; cJhygonf/ or&dk;us qefaom aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepfwGif tao;pm;bPf 23 ck eSifh EkdifiHydkifbPf 4 ckom yg&Sdonf/ 2015 ESpfv,fydkif;wGif EkdifiHjcm;bPfudk,fpm;vS,f&Hk; 48 &Hk;&SdNyD;? EdkifiHjcm;bPfcGJ 9 ckudk tuefY towfjzifh vdkifpifxkwfay;cJhygonf/ 1 Figure 1: Credit to the economy (% of GDP) jrefrmEdkifiHwGif tajccHaiGa&;aMu;a&;0efaqmifrIrsm;udk &&dS&ef vufvSrf;rDrItvGefenf;ygonf/ 2014 ckESpfwGif jrefrmekdifiH&dS t&G,fa&mufolrsm;\ 23%om(trsdK;om; 29% ESifh trsdK;orD;17%) aiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJYtpnf; wpfckwGif pm&if;zGifhvSpfaqmif&Guf&ef vufvSrf;rD cJhygonf/(AD,uferfEkdifiHwGif30% ESifh xdkif;EdkifiH? rav;&Sm;EdkifiHwdkYwGif 80 % eD;yg;&Sdonf/) trsm; wwfEdkifaom aiGa&;aMu;a&;0efaqmifrIrsm; &&SdEdkifrI qdkif&m nTef;udef;rsm;uvnf; a'owGif; pD;yGm;a&;rsm;ESifh EIdif;,SOfvSsif vufvSrf;rDrItqifh edrfhusvsuf&dSonfudk nTefjyonf/ (Z,m; -1) Source: WDI, private sector credit/GDP jrefrmedkifiHwGif pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;vkyf&mü rMumcP EkdifiHydkifbPfrsm;onf bPfvkyfief;u@ ydkifqkdifrIrsm;\ azmfnTef;ajymqdkaeaom twm;tqD;rSm aiGaMu;axmufyHh 50% udk vTrf;rdk;aeNyD; bPfcGJtrsm;qkH;ukd ykdifqkdif rIr&&SdEkdifjcif;jzpfNyD;? xdktcuftcJu ajr&&SdEkdifrI? xm;onf/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif EkdifiHydkif tmrcHukrÜPD vSsyfppf"gwftm;ESifh ußGrf;usif vkyfom;tiftm; &&SdEkdifrI (1) ck &SdNyD; yk*¾vdutmrcHukrÜPD (12) ck udk 2013 wdkYxuf ydkrdkygonf/1 jrefrmEkdifiHwGif aiGa&;aMu;a&; ckESpfü vdkifpifxkwfay;cJhygonf/ xdkYtjyif tao;pm; 0efaqmifrIrsm; vufvSrf;rDEkdifrIukd wdk;jrifhrSomvSsif aiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;udk vdkifpif (251) ck tzGJYtpnf;rsm;onf 4if;wdkU\ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk xkwfay;cJhaomfvnf; b@ma&;vkyfief;u@onft&G,f ydkrdkcsJUxGifEdkifrnfjzpfNyD;? vlwpfOD;csif;pDonfvnf; tpm;tm;jzifh ao;i,fNyD;tajcwusrjzpfEdkifao;yg/ ukefusp&dwfoufompGm? ydkrdkxda&muftusdK;&SdpGm acs;iSm;? pkaqmif;? ay;acsjcif;rsm; aqmif&GufEkdifrnfjzpfygonf/ toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rI wdk;wufa&; t"duusaom tcsuftaejzifh urÇmhEdkifiHrsm;\ b@ma&;vufvSrf; rDEkdifrI csJUxGifonfh tajctaeudk azmfjyxm;yg onf/ Z,m;(1)? tm;vkH;yg0ifEdkifaom aiGa&;aMu;a&;0efaqmifrIrsm;&&SdrIjyonfh a&G;cs,fxm;aom nTef udef;rsm; jrefrm w&kwf vmtdk xdkif; jynfwGif;bPf\ Deposits/GDP (%) 25.6 137.3 49.0 82.2 t&G,fa&mufol (1) odef;vSsif bPfcGJ 3.14 8.06 2.7 12.7 ta&twGuf t&G,fa&mufol (1000) vSsif 163 45 390 1523 bPfpm&if;&Sdol OD;a& Source: IMF FAS 2014 (Lao is 2013, and Central Bank annual report for deposit data) 1. urÇmhbPftkyfpk\ “Myanmar Investment Climate Assessment: Sustaining Reforms in a Time of Transition” (2015 ckeSpf) 2 qif;&JEGrf;yg;rIavsmhcsa&;twGuf 0ifaiGedrfhonfholrsm;yg tdrfaxmifpkrsm;twGuf vHkjcHKpdwfcs&onfh yHkrSefvTJydkYaiG vufvSrf;rDyg0ifvmEdkifonfh aiGa&;aMu;a&;0efaqmifrI rsm;udk &&Sdap Ekdifrnfjzpfygonf/ rsm;ay;&ef tvm;tvmrsm;pGm &SdaMumif; azmfjyaeonfY OyrmwpfckrSm jynfwGif;vTJydkYaiGpD;qif;rI jzpfygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@ wdk;wufvmonfh urÇmhbPf\rMumao;rDuavhvmrIt&{&m0wDwdkif;ESifh twGuf bPfrsm;ESifh tjcm;aiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJYtpnf; rauG;wdkif; wdkYrS ajymif;a&TUtvkyfvkyfol (69)% ESifh rsm;onf ydkrdkus,fjyefYonfh xkwfukefrsm;? 0efaqmifrI (55)% wdkYonf 4if;wdkY\ rdom;pkrsm;xHodkY aiGvTJydkYMuNyD; rsm;ay;&efESifh vkyfief;csJUxGif&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm; rdom;pkrsm;uvnf; ¤if;aiGrsm;jzifh tajccHvdktyfcsufESifh &SdMuygonf/ bPfvkyfief;u@onf trsm;tm;jzifh tpm;taomufwkdYtwGuf oHk;pGJMuygonf/ þvTJydkYaiG pkaqmif;aiGrsm;? tyfaiGrsm;ESifh umvwdkacs;aiGrsm; rsm;onf tqdkygrdom;pkrsm;twGuf pdkufysdK;a&;rS&&Sdrnfh ponfwdkYukd 0efaqmifrSKay;vsuf &dSygonf/ aocsmrSKr&dSaom 0ifaiGxuf ydkrdk acsmarGYapygonf/ tDvufx&Gef;epfpepfjzifh ay;acs&aom ukefpnfESifh jrefrmekdifiHwGifjynfwGif;ajymif;a&TUtvkyfvkyfolrsm;onf 0efaqmifrIrsm; (bPfrSxkwfay;onfh u'frsm;? rdwfaqGrsm;? aqGrsdK;rsm;rSwqifh (odkY) 4if;wdkY tifwmeufbPfpepf? rdkbdkif;zkef;rSwqifh csdwfquf &GmjyefonfhtcgrSom aiGudkydkYay;aeMu&NyD; xdkodkY toHk;jyKekdifaombPfpepfESifh tDvufx&Gef;epfpepfjzifh aqmif&Guf&mwGif vlyk*¾dKvf aMumifh qHk;&IH;epfemrI vTJydkYrIrsm;) ESifh pm;oHk;olodkY taMuG;pepfjzifh xkwfay; tEå&m,f&Sdonfhtjyif aiGvTJydkYay;rnfholrsm;twGufvnf; aomu'f (Oyrm- taMuG;0,fu'frsm;? armfawmf,mOf0,f yHkrSefaiGvTJydkYay;&ef tuefYtowf jzpfapygonf/ ,lEkdifonfhacs;aiGrsm;? vpmMudKwifaiGrsm;? yk*¾dKvfa&; xdkYaMumifh aiGa&;aMu;a&;0efaqmifrIrsm;ay;jcif;onf acs;aiGrsm;? taygifxm;rIrsm;) wdkYonf rsm;aom tm;jzifh a&TUajymif;t vkyfvkyfol&Sdonfh aus;vufae r&&SdMuao;yg/ ukefoG,frItwGuf aiGaMu;axmufyHh 3 rIrsm;? iSm;&rf;rIrsm;? ydkYukefvkyfief;twGuf acs;aiGrsm;? aiGaMu;axmufyHhrI vufvSrf;rDEdkifrItwGuf aqmif&GufEdkif touftmrcH? pdkufysdK;a&;tmrcHESifh tjcm;tmrcH pGrf;onfh 0ef;usifzefwD;ay;&ef acwfrDaom Oya' trsdK;tpm;vnf; r&&SdEkdifao;yg/ ESifh pDrHcefYcGJrIqdkif&mrlabmif vdktyfygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH\ vuf&SdaiGa&;aMu;a&; u@ESifhqkdifaom Oya'qdkif&m EdkifiHydkifbPfrsm; (State Owned Banks - SOBs) udk rlabmifonf wHcg;ydwfpD;yGm;a&;twGuf yHkpHjyKxm;jcif; jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;onf ,SOfNydKifvkyfudkifEkdifpGrf;? aiGa&; jzpfNyD;? aps; uGuftajccHonfh pD;yGm;a&;twGufr[kwfyg/ aMu;a&;0efaqmifrIrsm;wGif yg0ifvkyfaqmifrIESifh aiGa&; xdkUaMumifh aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepfonf EkdifiHjcm;ydkif aMu;a&;u@zGYHNzdK;rIrsm;udk ydkrdkwdk;jrifhEkdifygonf/ EkdifiHydkif tzGYJtpnf;rsm;twGuf tuefYtowfjzifh qufvuf bPf (4) ckonf bPfvkyfief;ydkifqkdifrItm;vHk;\ wnf&dSaeonf/ EkdifiHjcm;aumfydka&;&Sif; rsm;tm; (50)%ausmfESibPf fh cGJrsm;tm;vHk;\xuf0ufuyl dk ;aygif; uefYowfxm;onfhabmiftwGif;rS vkyfief;rsm;ukdom udkifwG,fvkyfaqmifaeonf/2 4if;bPfrsm;onf txl; aqmif&GufcGifhjyKxm;NyD; jynfwGif;bPf rsm;twGufvnf; u@rsm;twGuf aiGaMu;pdkufxkwf rwnfuscHrIay;NyD; wif;MuyfonfhuefYowfcsufrsm; csrSwfxm;ygonf/ 4if;wdkY\aumfydka&;&Sif;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;udkxdef;ausmiff; tyfaiGESifhacs;aiGESpfckpvHk;twGuf twdk;EIef;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifonfh tpDtpOfrsm;onf EkdifiHa&;t& 0ifa&muf A[dkbPfu pnf;rsOf;rsm;csrSwfxdef;csKyfxm;jcif;onf pGufzufrIrsm;twGuf MuHYcdkifrIr&Sdonfh tajctaeukd aiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJY tpnf;rsm;\ tusdK;tjrwf jzpfay:apygonf/ tusdK;w&m;taejzifh EkdifiHydkif jzpfxGef;rIESifh pGefYpm;rIpDrHcefYcGJjcif;udk avsmhyg;apNyD; bPfrsm;onf pdkufysdK;a&; aiGaMu;axmufyHhrIuJhodkYaom b@ma&;qdkif&m oabmwlpmcsKyfrsm;tm; rSefuefonfh tcGifhtvrf;aumif;onfh aps;uGufrsm;tm; aiGaMu; wefzdk; owfrSwf&mwGif t[efYtwm;jzpfapygonf/ axmufyHhrSKay;onfh yk*¾vduaiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJYtpnf; rsm;\ae&mukd z,fxkwf&,lEkdifrnfjzpfygonf/ 2. IMF \ Myanmar Selected Issue, 2015 ckeSpf? pufwifbmv 4 acs;aiGjyefvnfay;qyf&rnfhtcsdefumvowfrSwfcsuf aiGay;acsonfhpepfwpfckvHk; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;\ tpdwf tay:wGif jyif;xefonfh Oya'owf rSwfcsufrsm; tydkif;wpf&yftaejzifh aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI vHkavmufpGm &Sdaejcif;aMumifh bPfrsm;\ a&&Snf&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrIrsm;okdY r&&Sdolrsm;ESifh aus;vufaejynfolrsm;xHodkY aiGa&; aiGaMu;qdkif&maxmufyHhrIay; &mü [efYwm;xm;ygonf/ aMu;a&;0efaqmifrIrsm;&&dSEkdifrSK wdk;jrSifhay;&ef? wpfrl xdkYtjyif a&TUajymif;EkdifaomydkifqdkifrIrsm;udk vHkjcHKrI xl;jcm;onfh tvm;tvm tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk tmrcHtjzpf &,l xm;NyD; aiGxkwfacs;&eftwGufvnf; &,lekdifap&efESifh rdkbdkif;zkef;pepfoHk; aiGa&;aMu;a&; Oya'qdkif&m? pnf;rsOf;xdef;odrf;a&;qdkif&m tajccH 0efaqmifrIrsm;twGuf pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf; csrSwf nTefMum;csufr&Sdyg/ bPfrsm;onf acs;aiGcGifhjyK&mwGif uGyfuJa&;rlabmifudk wnfaqmuf&ef vdktyfygonf/ tmrcHypönf;rsm; (ajrESifhtaqmuftODrsm;? &Hzef&HcgwGif bPfrsm;onf c&D;a0;uGmvGef;onfhtajctae odkYr[kwf a&TESifh&wemrsm;uJhodkY) tay:wGifom wnfrSDvSsuf qif;&JEGrf;yg;olrsm;tm; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI ray;vdkonfh &dSonfhtjyif a&TUajymif;Ekdifaom ypönf;rsm;udk tajctae&Sdvifhupm; rdkbdkif;zkef;pepfoHk; b@ma&; aiGxkwfacs;oluxkwfacs;p&dwftoufomqHk;ESitajccH fh 0efaqmifrIrsm;onf aiGom;oHk;pGJjcif;xuf 'D*spfw,f tjzpf toHk;jyKekdifonfh aumif;rGefNyD; vkHNcHKpdwfcs&aom jzifhay;acsonfhpepfudk ydkrdkaqmif&Gufvmap Edkifygonf/ vkyfief;pepfvnf;r&Sdyg/ Oya'qdkif&mrlabmifrsm; jyKjyif ajymif;vJrIr&SdbJESifh aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@onfvnf; aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@qdkif&mcdkifrmonfh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf; jzpfxGef;wkd;wufvmrnf r[kwfyg/ ESifh BuD;MuyfedkifrIpGrf;&nfonf aiGa&;aMu;a&;qdkif&m qkH;&HSK;rSKtEå&m,frsm;udk avsmhyg;apEkdifygonf/ ,if;wdkY aiGom;jzifh vufiif;ay;acsrItay:rSDcdkaerIudk avSsmhcs&ef uGyfuJrIatmuf&Sd tzGJYtpnf;rsm;\ tEå&m,frsm;udk twGuf acwfrDonfhaiGay;acsrIpepf vdktyfygonf/ azmfjy? apmifhMunfh? xdef;csKyf&ef aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@ tDvufx&Gef;epfpepf r&Sdjcif;onf aiGa&;aMu;a&; MuD;Muyfolrsm;\ pGrf;&nfrSm tuefYtowfjzifh u@\ tusdK;jzpfEdkifpGrf; owfrSwfcsuft&qdkvSsif &dSaeygonf/ Oya’pdk;rdk;a&;ESifh vuf&Sdaqmif&GufrIrsm;ESifh ukefusp&dwfrsm;apNyD; aiGom;oHk;pGJrI? vlUpGrf;tm;oHk;pepf pOf;pm;csifhcsdefí aqmif&Guf&aom pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf; ESifh aiGpuúLtajccHonfh ay;acsrIpepftay:wGif rsm;pGm rsm;rSmrwlnDyg/ 4if;tjyif aiGpm&if;qdkif&mESifh pm&if; rSDcdkrIjzpfapNyD;? tEå&m,fudkvnf; zefwD;ouJhodkY ppfaq;rIqdkif&m pHEIef;rsm;onf EdkifiHwumpHEIef;rsm;ESifh jzpfaponf/ tcsdKUta&;BuD;aom ay;acsrIpepfqkdif&m ukdufnDrSKr&Sdí aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@\ trSefwu,f jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rsm;rSm vkyfaqmifqJjzpfNyD; (JICA cdkifrmawmifhwif;rIudk qef;ppf&efESifh pepfaMumifh tultnDjzifh A[dkbPf\uGef,ufcsdwfqufrI zGYHNzdK; jzpfay:vmonfh jyóemrsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;í trSefjyif wdk;wufapouJhodkY) BuD;rm;rsm;jym;onfh aiGay;acsrI qifa&; tpDtrHrsm; vkyfaqmif&ef cufcJapygonf/ rsm;udk jrefqef? ukefusp&dwfoufomapNyD;? vHkNcKHrSKukd tajccHaompepfjzifh bPfrsm;u vnfywfvkyfaqmif Ekdif&efESifh ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk wdk;jrifhcGifhjyKay;&ef ta&;wBuD; vdktyfyg onf/ 5 vwfwavm zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrIrsm; vGefcJhonfh (4) ESpfumvtwGif; aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@ (Microfinance Institutions- MFIs) tao;pm; ydkrdkyGifhvif;&efESifh jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;u aiGa&;aMu;a&; aiGa&;aMu;a&;vkyfief;vkyfudkifonfh tzGJYtpnf;rsm; 0efaqmifrIrsm; vufvSrf;rDrI jznf;jznf;csif; csJUxGif&ef aps;uGufodkY 0ifa&mufvmcJhjcif;u tao;pm;aiGpkaiGacs; taxmuftuljyKcJhonf/ tyfaiGEIef;xm;rsm;udk owfrSwf vkyfief;u@ acwfrDzHGUNzdK;wkd;wuf&ef taxmuftul twdkif;twm wpfcktwGif;ü ydkí jyKvG,fajymif;vG,f jyKoifhygonf/ taMumif;rSm- tqkdygtzGJYtpnf;rsm; jzpfapcJhygonf/ rwnf&if;ESD;aiGESifh tyfaiGtcsdK; onf xkwfukefopfrsm;? pGefYpm;rIrsm; pDrHcefYcGJonfh owfrSwfcsufudk z,f&Sm;cJhojzifh tyfaiGrsm;twGuf rl0g'rsm;ESifh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm; ESifh aqmh0JvftoHk;jyK ,SOfNydKif&ef rufvHk;rsm;yg ay;EkdifcJhygonf/ jynfwGif; vnfywfonfh acwfrD (Core Banking Systems) rsm;yg&Sd bPfopf (4) ckudkvdkifpifrsm;csay;cJhNyD;? bPfcGJopfzGifh&ef onfh a&&SnftusdK;jzpfxGef;aponfh pD;yGm;a&;yHkpHwpfckudk aemuf xyfxnfh0if&rnfh rwnf&if;ESD;aiGvdktyfcsufudk usifhoHk; aeMuaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ z,f&Sm;ay;cJhygonf/ 2012 ckESpfrS 2014 ckESpft wGif; bPfvkyfief;u@&dS tyfaiGrsm;rSm wpfESpfvSsif ysrf;rSs xdkYtjyif aiGa&;aMu;a&;;pepftwGif; pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf; (50%) wdk;wufcJhygonf/ rsm; csrSwfBuD;MuyfrItm;aumif;&efeSifh ,HkMunfpdwfcs&rI wnfaqmuf&eftvdkYiSm t"duusonfh jyKjyifajymif;vJ tvdktavsmuf aiGxkwfpufrsm; (Automatic Teller rIrsm;udk aqmif&GufcJhMuygonf/ A[dkbPfOya'opfudk Machines) udk 2012 ckeSpf tapmydkif;uwnf;uaqmif&Guf 2013 ckeSpf? ZlvdkifvwGif jrefrmtpkd;&rS twnfjyK cGifhjyKxm;ygonf/ jyXmef;cJhygonf/ xdkOya't& vGwfvyfaomA[dkbPf EkdifiHjcm;ukefoG,frIwdk;wuf&eftwGuf w&m;0if EkdifiHjcm; wpfckudk wnfaxmifcJhygonf/ Oya'wGif A[dkbPftm; aiGvJvS,faom aps;uGufudk cGifhjyKvkyfudkifapNyD;? bPf (u) pD;yGm;a&;u@udk taxmuftyHhjyKonfh tcsif;csif;aiGay;acsrIuGef,uf (inter-bank payment aiGa&;aMu;a&;vkyfief;pOfrsm; wnfNidrfrIudkjrSifhwif&ef? network) udkvnf; pepfwusvkyfukdifcGifhjyKcJhygonf/ (c) aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepf wnfNidrfrIukd jrSifhwif&ef? pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdkYrIumvtukefü jynfwGif;bPfrsm;onf (*) ay;acsrIpepfukd xda&mufrI&Sdatmif aqmif&Guf&ef? tjynfjynfqdkif&mbPf aiGvTJydkYrIrsm;twGuf SWIFT (C) tpdk;&\ taxGaxGpD;yGm;a&;rl0g'rsm;udk taxmuf pepfodkY vufvSrf;rDpGm aqmif&GufvmMuNyD;? EkdifiHjcm; tuljyK&efESifh (i) a&&SnftusdK;jzpfxGef; aom pD;yGm;a&; bPfrsm;ESifhcsdwfqufí vkyfief;qufqHa&;rsm; xlaxmif zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrIrsm;tm;ay;&ef[lonfh wm0efrsm;ay;tyf vmEkdifMuygonf/ xm;ygonf/ enf;ynmvTJajymif;rIESifh &if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrIwGift&Sdef&ap&ef twGuf EkdifiHjcm;bPfrsm;tm; tjynfjynfqdkif&m jynfolrsm;u aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepftay: bPfvkyfief;vkdifpiftopf 9 ck udk 2015 ckESpfwGif xkwfay; ,kHMunf&&Sdatmif cJhygonf/ tqkdygEkdifiHjcm; bPfrsm;onf EkdifiHjcm; aqmif&Guf&ef/ ukrÜPDrsm;/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;odkY vufum; aiGa&;aMu;a&; acs;iSm;jcif;udkom aqmif&GufEkdifrnfjzpfNyD;? vufvDaiG pepfudk wdk;csJU&ef k tcsdefü0ifa&mufaqmif&GufcGifhr&yg/ tyfESHjcif;rsm;ud,ck 6 xdkYtjyif aiGrnf;c0gcsrIESifh tMurf;zufrIwm;qD; &rnfhtcsufrsm;? uGm[csufrsm;? ajz&Sif;aqmif&Guf&ef umuG,fa&;Oya'udk 2014 ckESpfwGif jyXmef;cJhygonf/ tcsufrsm;ukd qufvufaqmif&Guf&efwkdufwGef;xm;NyD; odkY&mwGif aiGrnf;c0gcsrIESifh tMurf;zufrIwm;qD; jzpfygonf/ tqkdygtcsufrsm;rSm (u) tMurf;zufrSKtm; umuG,fa&;qdkif&m tkyfcsKyfrIenf;pepfü tm;enf; aiGaMu;axmufyHhjcif;ukd jypfrSKtjzpf jynfhpkH vkHavmufpGm csufrsm;pGm&Sdaeygao;onf/ aemifwGif tjynfjynfqkdif&m jyXmef;Ekdifa&;? (c) tMurf;zuform;rsm;\ ykdifqkdif pHowfrSwfonfh tzJGYtpnf;jzpfonfh aiGa&;aMu;a&; ypönf;rsm;tm; owfrSwfazmfxkwf jcif;ESifh ,m,D&yfqkdif; qdkif&mta&;,laqmif&Gufa&;tzJGY\ tMuHjyKcsufrsm; jcif;jyKEkdifonfh vkHavmufonfh vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm; t&aiGaMu;c0gcsrSKESifhwkdufzsufa&;ESiqk fh diaompepf f tm; csrSwftaumiftxnf azmfjcif;? (*) aiGaMu;qkdif&m ykdrkdtm;aumif;ckdifrmapa&;rSm jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf pkHprf;axmufvSrf;a&;tzJGY\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrSKtm; ta&;BuD;ygonf/ 2015ckESpf? ZGefvwGif xkwfjyefcJhaom tjynfht0vGwf vyfpGm aqmif&GufrSK&dSapjcif;ESifh (C) aMujimcsufwGif aiGa&;aMu;a&;qkdif&m ta&;,l qufoG,faqmif&Gufolrsm;tay: tav;xm;pdppfjcif; aqmif&Guf a&;tzJGYonf jrefrmEkdifiHtm; 4if;\ta&;,l aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ukd tm;aumif;ckdifrmapajcif; wkdYyg0if aqmif&Gufa&;pDrHcsufyg taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf ygonf/ bPfr[kwfonfh aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@\ pnf;rsOf; pnf;urf;rsm; wdk;wufvmap&ef aiGa&;aMu;a&;BuD;Muyf uGyfuJrIOD;pD;Xme (Financial Regulatory Department- FRD) udk tao;pm;aiGa&;aMu;a&;vkyfief;? yk*¾vdutmrcHvkyfief;? EkdifiHawmfxDvkyfief;ESifh EkdifiHydkifbPfrsm;udk BuD;MuyfuGyfuJ &efwm0efay;í b@ma&;0efBuD;Xme vufatmufü 2014 ckESpfwGif zGJYpnf;cJhygonf/ 2014 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhtao;pm; aiGa&;aMu;a&;vkyfief;MuD;Muyf ppfaq;a&;Xme (Myanmar Microfinance Supervisory Enterprise- MMSE) ukdzJGUpnf;cJhí tao;pm;aiGa&;aMu;a&; tzJGYtpnf;rsm;ukd BuD;Muyfppfaq;cJhygonf/ tao;pm; aiGa&;aMu;a&;Oya'udk 2011 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmvwGif twnfjyKcJhygonf/ xdkOya't& EkdifiHom;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHjcm;om;&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHolrsm;onf yk*¾vdutjynfht0 ydkifqdkifonfh tao;pm;aiGa&;aMu;a&;vkyfief;rsm; wnfaxmifcGifh&&SdMuí aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@a&&Snf zGHYNzdK;wdk;wuf &ef tajccHtkwfjrpf csEkdifcJhygonf/ 7 a'otwGif;rS tawGUtBuHKrsm;ESifh oifcef;pmrsm; xkdif;EkdifiH aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@ü MuD;rm;aom pdefac:rIrsm;udk A[dkjyKonf/ þodkYjyKjyifajymif;vJa&; BudK;yrf;rI rsm;udk ta&;ay: &ifqdkifajz&Sif;ae&onfh jrefrm EkdifiHtwGuf b@ma&;u@r[mpDrHcsuf tqifh-1 (Financial Sector 1997 ckESpf tm&SaiGaMu;tMuyftwnf;rS jyefvnf Master Plan Phase- 1) (2004-2008) yg us,fjyefYaom evHxcJhonfh xdkif;EkdifiH\ aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepfu vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;twdkif; aygif;pyfnSdEIdif;cJhygonf/ ta&;ygaom oifcef;pmrsm;udk &&dSEdkifygonf/ þpDrHcsufonf b@ma&;pepf\ tcsdefwdktwGif; xdkif;EkdifiH\ aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepfonf t&if;teSD; tusdK;&SdrIudk wdk;wufap&ef? acs;aiGvufvSrf;rDrI Opömypönf;\ t&nftaoG;usqif;rI (jyefrqyfekdifaom ydkrdkus,fjyefY vmap&efESifh pm;oHk;oltumtuG,fay;rI acs;aiG 43%)ESifh tjrwf&&SdrI EIef;usqif;rIwdkYaMumifh wdk;wufap&ef &nf&G,fcJhygonf/ þpDrHcsufudk tao;pdwfutp ta&;ay:jyefvnfzGJYpnf;wnfaqmuf cdkifrmpGm tkwfjrpfcs&ef xdkif;EkdifiH\A[dkbPfESifh a&;pDrHcsufudk vIHUaqmfaqmif&GufcJh&ojzifh ukefusp&dwf pufrIvkyfief;&Siftoif;rsm;tMum; tcdkiftrm aqG;aEG;rI okH;pJGrSK txl;rsm;jym;cJhygonf/ jrefrmekdifiH\aiGa&; wpf&yf &SdcJhygonf/ aMu;a&; pepfonfaiGaMu;tMuyftwnf;BuHKawGU&jcif; r&Sdao;aomfvnf; jyefvnfzGJYpnf;wnfaqmufonf 2007 ckESpfv,fydkif;wGif urÇmvHk;qdkif&m b@ma&; qdk&mü- vkyfaqmifrItm;enf;aombPfrsm;tay: txl; tMuyftwnf; jzpfay:vmaomtcgü xdkif;EkdifiH\ ppfaq;rIrsm;? qufvufí t&if;tESD;jyefvnf pnf;rsOf;csrSwfrIESifh BuD;MuyfrIrlabmiftm;enf;csuf jznfhwif;jcif;? aMuG;NrDa[mif;rsm; pm&if;&Sif;vif;í rsm;udkavsmhcsEkdifcJhygonf/ 1997- 98 tMuyftwnf; aMuG;opfwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh aumfydka&;&Sif;tkyfcsKyfrI umv rwdkifrDu tyfaiGvufcHonfh tzGJYtpnf;aygif; yHkpHjyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;ujrefrmEkdifiH\EdkifiHydkifbPfrsm; 124ck &SdcJh&mrS b@ma&;pepfukd uspfvpfatmif jyKvkyf (State Owned Banks- SOBs) udk jyefvnfzGJYpnf; aqmif&GufcJhojzifh 45ck txd usqif;cJhygonf/ yk*¾vdu wnfaqmuf&eftwGuf toHk;0ifaom tawGYtMuHKrsm;udk u@tm; t&SdefavSsmhcsjcif;rSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh ay;onf/ NyD;ajrmufatmifaqmif&GufcJhNyD;? taMuG;ESifht&if;tESD; xnfh0ifaiGtcsdK; (Debt to equity ratio) onf 1998 &kwfw&ufjzpfay:vmaomaiGa&;aMu;a&;tMuyftwnf; ckESpfwGif 1.2 &Sd&mrS 0.7 odkU usqif;vmcJhygonf/ udkcHpm;cJh&NyD;aemufydkif;ü xdkif;tmPmydkifrsm;onfb@m jynfwGif;t&if;tESD;aps;uGufvnf; xdkif;tpdk;&ESifh a&;pnf;rsOf;rsm; csrSwfaqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh MuD;MuyfuGyfuJ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;\ &efyHkaiGvdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh rIqdkif&m jyKjyif ajymif;vJjcif;rsm;udk wufMuGpGm vdkufavsmnDaxGvsifjrefpGmMuD;xGm;vmojzifh?b@ma&; aqmif&GufcJhMuonf/ jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;onf pepf\ vsifjrefpGmevHxlEdkifpGrf;udk xyfrHtm;jznfhay;cJh t"dutm;jzifhbPfvkyfief;pnf;rsOf;qdkif&m oabm ygonf/ ta&;MuD;onfhtcsufrSm tqkdygwdk;wufrI wlnDcsuf Basel II t&pGefYpm;rItajccHMuD;MuyfuGyfuJrI? rsm;aMumifh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh bPfrsm;\ Balance uspfvpf aomBuD;MuyfuGyfuJrIESifh IAS 39 (b@m Sheet rsm;onf ydkrkdawmifhwif;vmcJhygonf/ a&;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk wdkif;wmonfh ydkwdusaom enf;vrf;) udk tqifhtvdkuftaumiftxnfazmfrIwdkYudk 8 rav;&Sm;EkdifiH rav;&Sm;EkdifiH\ tm&SaiGa&;aMu;a&;tMuyftwnf; aemufydkif;tawGYtMuHKuvnf; b@ma&;u@zGHYjzdK; wdk;wufa&;pDrHcsufrsm;ukd &Sif;vif;aumif;rGefpGm taumiftxnfazmfEkdifa&;twGuf oifcef;pmaumif;rsm; jzpfonf/ rav;&Sm;EkdifiH Bank Negara Malaysia OD;aqmifaom (2001-2010) 10 ESpf b@ma&;u@ r[mAsL[mpDrHcsufESifhtNydKif Securities Exchange Commission udkOD;aqmifaom t&if;tESD;aps;uGuf r[mAsL[mpDrHcsufwdkYu b@ma&;u@ jyefvnfzGJYpnf; wnf aqmufrIESifh uspfvpfrIwdkYudk taxmuftuljyKNyD;? cdkifrmaom pnf;rsOf;csrSwfrIESifh BuD;MuyfuGyfuJrI rav;&Sm;EkdifiHonf vlwdkif;yg0ifekdifaom aiGa&;aMu;a&; rlabmifwpf&yfudk tkwfjrpfcsEdkifcJhygonf/ 0efaqmifrIrsm;aqmifMuOf;ay;&m wGif (92%) jzifh tjrifhqHk;tqifhodkY a&muf&Sdatmifjrifaeygonf/ tqdkyg r[mAsL[mpDrHcsuf ESpfckukd taumiftxnf 0efaqmifrIrsm;tay: azmfEkdifcJhjcif;u rav;&Sm;EkdifiH\ b@ma&;u@acwfrDrI vufvSrf;rDEkdifrSKwdk;csJU&eftwGuf rdkbdkif;vfzkef;rsm;ESifh ESifh uGJjym;jcm;em;rIwdkYudk aqmif&GufEdkifapcJhonfh tGefvdkif;bPfvkyfief;wdkYudk toHk;cscJhygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiH tjyif wnfNidrfaomb@ma&;pepfwpf&yf wnfaxmif \ vuf&SdpxGufrSwfonf 2000 jynfhESpfvGef umv EkdifcJhNyD;? b@ma&;qdkif&m pnf;rsOf;rsm;csrSwfusifhoHk; tapmydkif;u rav;&Sm;EkdifiH\ tajctaeESifh EkdifpGrf;vnf; tm;aumif;apcJhygonf/ tvm;wlyif ESdKif;,SOfygu uGJjym;vsuf&dSygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHü xdkif;EkdifiHonf 1986 ckESpfwGif pD;yGm;jzpfvkyfudkifaom aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIrsm; tqifhjrifhrm; vmNyD;? tcsuf bPfvkyfief;tkyfpk 22 pk&SdcJh&mrSm odompGmyl;aygif; tvufpD;qif;rI jrefqefvmjcif;u trsm;jynfol aqmif&GufcJhNyD;aemuf,cktcg&Spfckom&SdNyD;rsm;pGmuspfvpf vufvSrf;rDrIESifhtm;vkH;yg0ifvmEkdif rSKrsm; csJUxGif&mü vmcJhonf/ aiGa&;aMu;a&;ESifh t&if;tESD;aps;uGufrsm; taxmuftul&apcJhygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif w,fvDzkef; tjydKifa&GUvmMuojzifh aiGa&;aMu;a&; tzGJYtpnf;rsm; qufoG,fa&;aps;uGuf ydkrdkyGifhvif;vmuwnf;u ESifh t&if;tESD;aps;uGufrsm;tMum;ü aiGaMu;vkyfief; rdkbdkif;vfzkef;rSwqifh csdwfqufaqmif&GufrIEIef;xm;rsm; vkyfaqmifEdkifrSK&mcdkifEIef;onf nDrSsrIeD;yg;(54%) ESifh odompGm wdk;wufvmcJhygonf/ ,cktcg w,fvDzkef; (46%) pD toD;oD; &SdvmMuonf/ 0efaqmifrIay;olrsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\pm;oHk;olrsm;tm; rdkbdkif;vfzkef;rSwqifh csdwfquf toHk;jyKEkdifonfh tqifhjrifhaom aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIrsm; ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jynfwGif;bPfrsm;ESifh rdwfzuftoGif pD;yGm;a&;yl;aygif; aqmif&Guf&ef nSdEdIif;aeMuNyD jzpfygonf/ 9 tem*wftwGuf aiGa&;aMu;a&;/ acwfrD? yGifhvif;í tvkH;pkHyg0ifEkdifaom aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepf wnfaqmufjcif; rl0g'a&;&m tMuHjyKcsufrsm; aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@ jyKjyifajymif;vJrSKtwGuf OD;pm;ay; aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@twGuf ckdifrmawmifhwif;aom r[mAsL[m/ aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIrsm;udk vlwdkif;&&SdcHpm; Oya' pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;ESifh BuD;Muyf uGyfuJrIrlabmif/ yg0ifvm Ekdifapa&;aqmif&Guf&mwGif twm;tqD;rsm; aiGa&;aMu;a&;qdkif&mpnf;rsOf; pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf; ukdz,f&Sm;&eftwGuf MudK;yrf;rItjzpfaiGa&;aMu;a&; í EdkifiHwumtod trSwfjyKtavhtusifhaumif;rsm; tvkkH;pkHyg0ifEdSKifrSKvrf;jyajryHk (2015-2020) udk wdk;wufvma&;tm; taxmuftuljyKEkdif&eftwGuf csrSwfusifhoHk;cJhygonf/ aiGa&;aMu;a&; zGYHNzdK;wdk;wuf vdktyfonfh Oya'a&;&mpdwfcsaocsmrI rlabmifrsm; rSKr[mAsL[m (Financial Sector Development csrSwfNyD;? ,SOfNydKifrSKESifh &if;ESD;jrSKyfEHSrSKwkdYukd wnfaqmuf Strategy-FSDS) (2015-2020) udkvnf; csrSwfusifhoHk; &mwGifvnf; t axmuftuljyKoifhygonf/ A[dkbPfu cJhygonf/ tqkdygr[mAsL[mü ydkrdkBuD;rm;xda&mufaom rlMurf;a&;qGJxm;onfh bPfrsm;ESifh aiGa&;aMu;a&; ? ydkí ,SOfNydKifrI&Sdaom aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepfudk atmufyg tzGJYtpnf;rsm;qdkif&m Oya'opfonf tqkdygpdefac:rI tqifh (3)qifh twdkif;- (1) 2016ckESpftukefü bPf rsm;ukd ajz&Sif;&mü tultnD&Ekdifygonf/ aiGa&; vkyfief;pepftwGuf tajccHtkwfjrpfcs&ef vdktyfaom aMu;a&; u@zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf aumif;pGmzGJYpnf; aiGa&;aMu;a&; tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm; wnfaqmuf wnfaqmufxm;aom? 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OD;pD;aqmiff&GufrSom taumiftxnf twGuf oD;oefYyHkazmfxm;aomxkkwfukeftopfrsm;ESifh azmfrIudk ydkrkdtm;aumif; aprnfjzpfygonf/ 0efaqmifrIopfrsm;ay;Ekdif&ef Oya'tajccHESifhwnfNidrfrI &&Sda&;wkdYonf r&SdrjzpfvkdtyffaMumif; oufao jyEdkifMuonf/ odkY&mwGif A[dkbPf\bPfvkyfief; 11 BuD;Muyfppfaq;rIESifh 0efxrf;pGrf;aqmif&nfwdk;wufrI EkdifiHydkifbPfrsm; jyKjyifajymif;vJwnfaqmufjcif;/ vdktyfcsufrsm;onf jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf xdyfwef; bPfrsm;udk tpdk;&uydkifqdkifjcif;onf aiGa&;aMu;a&; OD;pm;ay;wpf&yftjzpf usef&Sdaeygonf/ zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrIukd taxmuftulrjyKjcif;?aiGa&;aMu;a&; rwnfNidrfrIukd ydkrdkjzpfay:apjcif;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;wdk;wufrI acwfrDaomaiGa&;aMu;a&;u@twGutajccH f taqmuf aES;auG;apjcif; wdkYESifh a,bl,stm;jzifh qufpyf ttHkrsm;/ vlYpGrf;tm;tokH;jyKum pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm; aeygonf/3 jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd EkdifiHydkifbPfBuD;rsm; tay: tajcjyKae&onfhvkyfief;pOfrsm;aqmif&GufaerIESifh (jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;bPf? jrefrmhv,f,mzHGUNzdK;a&;bPf? aiGom;jzifh trsm;qkH;ay;acsaqmif&GufaerIrsm;udk jrefrmh&if;ESD;jrSKyfESHrIESifhul;oef; a&mif;0,fbPf? avSsmhcsjcif;jzifh aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@ukdacwfrDvmapNyD;? jrefrmhEkdifiHjcm;ukefoG,frIbPfwdkYtygt0if) onf ukefusp&dwfrsm;? pGefYpm;&rIrsm;ESifh tcsdefwdktwGif; aiGa&;aMu;a&;t& a&&Snf&yf wnfEkdifrIr&Sdjcif;? tusdK;rjzpfxGef;jcif;rsm;udk avSsmhcs&eftaxmuftul vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;xyfaejcif;ESifh acwfrrDonfh enf;ynm jyKoifhygonf/ tqdkygudpöü tcsdefESifhwajy;nD rsm;aMumifh tvm;wl tajctaersdK;ESifh &ifqdkif pkaygif;pm&if;nSdEIdif; ajz&Sif;onfhpepf (Real time aeMu&onf/ EkdifiHydkifbPfrsm; jyefvnfzGJYpnf; Gross Settlement System)? A[dktkyfcsKyfaom tmrcHtyf wnfaqmufa&;onf tm;vkH;vTrf;jcKHyg0ifonfh jyKjyif aiGxm;&SdrI? uwfjzifhaiGay;acsonfh wdk;wufvmaom ajymif;vJa&;AsL[m\ t"duvdk&if;wpf&yftjzpf tpdk;&u uGef,ufwpfck? vufvDay;acsolrsm; twGuf rSefuefpGm a&G;xkwfcJhygonf/ ta&;MuD;aom tvdktavsmuf pm&if;&Sif;vif;onfhvkyfief;ESifh ae&m aemuftqifhrsm;wGif jrefrmhaiGa&;aMu;a&;u@ü rsm;pGmwGif w,fvDzkef;qufoG,f a&;0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh EkdifiHawmfrS yg0ifywfoufrnfh taetxm;udk NcHKiHk vSsyfppf"gwf tm;ay;jcif;wdkYESifhpyfvsOf;onfh rl0g'qkdif&m oHk;oyfjcif;? vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh rl0g'rsm;ESifh rsm; t"du yg0ifonf/ EkdifiHydkifxm;&onfh &nf&G,fcsufrsm; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; jzpfapjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/ 3. b@ma&;u@wGif EkdifiHawmf\ tcef;u@udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;jcif;? urÇmhbPf? 2012 ckESpf ? pufwifbmv/ 12 aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@\ euf&dSKif;rSKukd csJUxGif txl;BudK;yrf;rIrsm;onf bPf odkYr[kwf aiGa&;aMu;a&; aqmif&Gufjcif;/ jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;zHGUNzdK;wdk;wuf vmonf tzGJYtpnf;rsm;xHrS aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI r&&Sdolrsm;\ ESifhtrSs vkyfief;rsm;? tdrfaxmifpkrsm;ESifh tpdk;&wdkY\ vdktyfcsufESifh udkufnDatmif yHkazmfxm;onfh aiGaMu; waeYwjcm; wdk;yGm;vmrnfh vdktyfcsufrsm;ukd jznfhqnf; ud&d,mopfrsm;ESifh xkwfukefopfrsm; Oyrm- rdkbdkif;vfzkef; ay;&ef aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@\ t&G,ftpm;ESifh rSwqifh aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIrsm; &&Sdjcif;tm;jzifh twdkif;twmudkcsJUxGif&ef &nfrSef; csufxm;&ygrnf/ aiGa&;aMu;a&;qdkif&m qef;opfwDxGifrIwdk;wufapjcif; aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@tm; ajzavSsmhhay;jcif;u qef;opf wdkUtay: t"duxm;aqmif&Gufoifhygonf/ þae&mü wDxGifrlrsm;ukd tm;ay;NyD;? enf;ynmvTJajymif;&,lrI tajccHaiGa&;aMu;a&;0efaqmifrIrsm;awmif r&&SdEkdif wdk;wufvmap&ef taxmuftuljyKrnf[k arSsmfvifh ao;onfh aus;vufa'oESifh a0;vHacgifzsm;a'o &ygonf/ tmrcH u@onf tvGefao;i,faeaomfvnf; aexdkifolrsm;twGufvkyfief;pOfrsm; odkYr[kwf xdkolrsm; ydkícsdwfqufrI tm;aumif;aom tmrcHu@qdkif&m twGuf txl;tav;ay;aqmif&Guf &efvdktyfygonf/ BuD;Muyfppfaq;rSKrlabmifwpf&yfu pdkufysdK;a&;tmrcH? tm;vkH;yg0ifEkdifaom tvkH;pkHaiGa&;aMu;a&;0efaqmifrI obm0ab;tEå&m,ftmrcH? touftmrcH ESifh tjcm; rsm; &&SdrI wdk;wufvmjcif;onf y#dyu©jzpfyGm;onfh tmrcHtrsdK;tpm;rsm; wdk;wuf&&SdapNyD; umvvwf a'orsm;\ vlrIa&;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;zGYHNzdK;wdk;wufrI aiGa&;aMu;a&;pGefYpm;rIrsm; avsmhcsEkdif&ef taxmuf tm;aumif;a&;wkdYtm; taxmuftuljyKap&ef txl; tul&Ekdifygonf/ awmifhwif;ckdifrmaomOya'ESifh ta&;BuD;ygonf/ BuD;Muyfppfaq;rlabmifwpf&yfrS wqifhtm;aumif;onfh jrefrmhtao;pm;aiGa&;aMu;a&;vkyfief;u@ aumif;rGef pGmzGHYNzdK;wdk;wufa&; vHIYaqmfay;&efvnf; BudK;yrf; aqmif&GufaeNyDjzpfygonf/ 13 tiftm;jznfhxm;aom aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@\ Oya'a&;&mESifh BuD;MuyftkyfcsKyfrSKrl abmifwpf&yf? acwfrDaom aiGa&;aMu;a&;tajccHtaqmufttHkwpf&yf? EkdifiHydkifbPfrsm; jyKjyifajymif;vJ jcif;ESifh xkwfukefopfzGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrIrSwqifh aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@\ euf&dSKif;pGm vkyfaqmifEkdifrSKukd csJUxGifjcif; ponfh txufyg&nfrSef;csufrsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif taxmuftuljyK&eftvdkYiSm vmrnfh (5) ESpf umv (2016-2020) twGuf umvwdk (1 ESpf twGif;) ESifh umv&Snf (3 ESpf rS 5 ESpf twGif;) rl0g'qkdif&m a&G;cs,fykdifcGifhrsm;udk atmufygZ,m;wGif tqdkjyKwifjyxm;ygonf- &nf&G,fcsufrsm; umvwdk aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; umv&Snfaqmif&Gufcsufrsm; bPfESifh aiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJYtpnf; rsm; aiG a &;aMu;a&;u@wpf c k v H k ; tay: Oya'udk taumiftxnfazmf MuD;MuyfuGyfuJrItqifhukd jrSifhwif &ef/ aqmif&Guf&ef/ OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;rsm;rSm- (1) Oya' aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@\ OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;rsm;rSm- (1) a&;&mESifh BuD;MuyftkyfcsKyfrSK rlabmif\ Oya'a&;&mESifh BuD;Muyf xdef;ausmif;rI? MuD;MuyfuGyfuJrIrsm;udk aMuG;aumufcHrIESifh aMuG;&Sifrsm;\ tkyfcsKyfppfaq;rl BFI Oya'ESifhtnD pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf; tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh tydkif; abmifrsm;tm;aumif; rsm; jyefvnfjyifqif xkwfjyef&ef/ udktqifhjrSifhwif&ef/ (3) xda&mufrSK ckdifrmatmif jyKvkyfjcif;/ (2) oufqdkif&m Oya'rsm; vdkufem &dSaom tMuyftwnf;pDrHcefYcGJrSKpepf usifhoHk;edkif&ef BuD;MuyfuGyfuJrnfh wnfaxmif&ef/ olrsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfjrSifh wif&ef/ rdkbdkif;vfzkef;ESifh csdwfquftoHk;jyK trsdK;om;aiGay;acsrIpepf csrSwfusifh Edkifaom aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIrsm;tyg oHk;&ef/ OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;rsm;rSm - t0iftrsdK;om;aiGay;acsrIpepftwGuf (1) vkdtyfaomaiGay;acsrI tajccH Oya'a&;&mESifh BuD;MuyftkyfcsKyfrSK taqmufttHkrsm; wnfaqmuf&ef/ vkyfief;tajccHrsm; csrSwf&ef OD;pm;ay; (2) vHkavmufpGmay;acsEkdifonfh aiG vkyfief;rsm;rSm- (1) A[dkbPfwGif pm&if;ESifhay;acsrI'DZdkif;yHkpH &&Sdap&ef/ aiGa&;aMu;a&;tajccH ay;acsrIqdkif&m tajccHtaqmufttHk (3) tvG,fwul aiGay;acsEdkifonfh taqmufttHkukd wnfaqmufjcif;/ (2) trsdK;om;aiGay; ae&mrsm; wnfaqmufcGifhjyK&efESifh acwfrDapjcif; acsrIr[mAsL[m csrSwfusifhoHk;jcif;/ (4) aiGa&;aMu;a&;vufvSrf;rDrl (3) bPfr[kwfonfh tzGJYtpnf;rsm;u wdk;wufap&eftvdkYiSm yrmPrsm;jym; urf;vSrf;xm;aom ay;acsrIpepfESifh aom yHkrSefaiGay;acsrIvrf;aMumif; rsm; rdkbdkif;vfzkef; csdwfquftoHk;jyKaom (Oyrm - tpdk;&aiGay;acsrIrsm;udk) aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIrsm; twGuf tusdK;&v'frsm;atmif toHk;jyK&ef/ taxmuftul jzpfaponfh pnf;rsOf; pnf;urf;rsm; csrSwf&ef/ 14 tem*wftwGuf aiGa&;aMu;a&;/ acwfrD? yGifhvif;í tvkH;pkHyg0ifEkdifaom aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepf wnfaqmufjcif; &nf&G,fcsufrsm; umvwdk aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; umv&Snfaqmif&Gufcsufrsm; tMuD;qHk;EkdifiHydkifbPf (2) ckjzpf onfh jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;bPfESifh jrefrmhv,f jrefrmhv,f,mzGHYNzdK;a&;bPf(MADB) zHGUNzdK;a&;bPfwkdYtay: jyKjyifajymif;vJ ESifh jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;bPf (MEB) wdkYtm; a&;r[mAsL[mpDrHcsufrsm; csrSwf aocsmpGm pDrHudef;a&;qGJí pepfwus usifhoHk;&ef/ OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;rsm;rSm- ppfaq;aqmif &Guf&ef/ OD;pm;ay;vkyfief; (1) vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&mü tcsdefwdk EkdifiHydkifbPfrsm; rsm;rSm-(1) jrefrmhv,f,mzHGUNzdK;a&; twGif; tusdK;rsm;rI wdk;wufrSK&dSí jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;/ bPfonf ,if;\ydkifqdkifrIudk b@ma&; IT pepfrsm;jzifh aiGaMu;t& a&&Snf 0efBuD; XmeokdY vTJajymif;tkyfcsKyfap&ef/ &yfwnfEkdifpGrf;rsm; wdk;wufap&ef/ (2) tjynfjynfqdkif&m pm&if;ppfESifh (2) IT pepfrsm;ESifh pGefYpm;rI pDrHcefYcGJ pDrHudef;rsm; aocsmpGma&;qGJNyD;? vkyfief; rIrsm; tqifhjrSifhwif&ef/ aqmif&GufrItay: pdppfoHk;oyfrI NyD;ajrmufatmif aqmif&Guf&ef/ (b@ma&;0efBuD;Xmeatmuf aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIrsm;ukd tuefYt owf wGifaiGa&;aMu;a&;BuD;Muyfppfaq;a&; jzifh &&Sdaoma'orsm;wGif aexdkifol OD;pD;Xme) wnfaxmifí? tao;pm; rsm;vnf; aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIrsm; aiGa&;aMu;a&;vkyfief;ESifh tmrcH &&SdrIwkd;wufvmap&ef/ OD;pm;ay; vk y f i ef ; BuD ; Muyf r I p G r f ; &nf w k d Y t wG u f vkyfief;rsm;rSm- (1) pm;oHk;ol enf ; ynmusG r f ; usif r I w nf a xmif a y; tumtuG,fay;a&;udk tm;ay; &ef/ OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;rsm;rSm- (1) axmufyHh&ef/ (2) bPfr[kwfonfh aiGa&;aMu;a&;u@tm; aiGa&;aMu;a&;BuD;Muyfppfaq;a&;OD;pD; u@rsm;twGuf aps;uGufzGYHNzdK;wdk; xkwfukefopf xkwfvkyf Xmeudk tiftm;jznhfwif;í pGrf;aqmif wufa&;ueOD; ajcvSrf;rsm;udk tm;ay; jcif;rSwqifh euf&dSKif;pGm &nfjynfh0aom0efxrf;rsm;rSpGefYpm;rI axmufyHh&ef/ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; ukd tajccHaom MuD;MuyfuGyfuJ rIudk wdk;csJUaqmif&Gufjcif; xda&mufpGm aqmif&Gufap&ef/ (2) vufpGJpmtkyfrsm;eSifh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf; rsm;wdk;wufap&ef/ (3) ppfwrf;aumuf ,lavhvm&efESifh IT tajccHtaqmuf ttHkrsm; tqifhjrSifhwifí aiGa&;aMu;a&; tpD&ifcHpmrsm;ESifh tcsuftvufrsm; wdk;wufrSK&dSap&ef/ 15 tem*wftwGuf aiGa&;aMu;a&;/ acwfrD? yGifhvif;í tvkH;pkHyg0ifEkdifaom aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepf wnfaqmufjcif; &nfnTef;csufrsm; WGB, “Myanmar Investment Climate Assessment: Sustaining Reforms in a Time of Transition” (2015) IMF: “Myanmar Article IV Report, Selected Issues,” September 2015 WB, “Rethinking the Role of the State in Finance,” September 2012 WBG, Global FINDEX, 2014 16 ALL ABOARD Policies for shared prosperity in Myanmar GROWING TOGETHER FINANCING THE FUTURE BREAKING BUSINESS AS USUAL ENERGIZING MYANMAR CLOSING THE GAP PARTICIPATING IN CHANGE Reducing rural poverty Building an open, modern and Fostering competitiveness and a dynamic Enhancing access to Expanding access to Promoting public sector in Myanmar ,ck rl0g'a&;&m tMuHjyKcsuf pmwrf;onf “tm;vkH;oGm;MupdkU? rSsa0ykdifqdkifonfh om,m0ajymrIrsm; inclusive financial system environment for private sector growth sustainable energy for all social services accountability to all azmfaqmifEdkifa&;twGuf rl0g'a&;&m tMuHjyKcsufrsm;” teuf wpfckjzpfygonf/ CLOSING THE GAP GROWING TOGETHER BREAKING BUSINESS AS USUAL Expanding access to Reducing rural poverty Fostering competitiveness and a dynamic social services in Myanmar environment for private sector growth FINANCING THE FUTURE ENERGIZING MYANMAR PARTICIPATING IN CHANGE Building an open, modern and Enhancing access to Promoting public sector inclusive financial system sustainable energy for all accountability to all tem*wftwGuf aiGa&;aMu;a&;/ acwfrD? yGifhvif;í tvkH;pkHyg0ifEkdifaom aiGa&;aMu;a&;pepf wnfaqmufjcif; ALL ABOARD Policies for shared prosperity in Myanmar The World Bank Myanmar No.57, Pyay Road 61/2 Mile, Hlaing Township, Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar. www.worldbank.org/myanmar www.facebook.com/WorldBankMyanmar myanmar@worldbank.org