Punjab Jobs Contrary to popular perception, over two-thirds of Punjab’s labor force works off the farm, among the highest levels of non-farm employment in the country. Since 2005, job growth in the state has been modest, with most new jobs being created in the non-farm sector. Most of these new jobs have, however, been for men. Female labor force participation in the state is not only low, but has been declining sharply since 2005. On the positive side, Punjab’s share of wage employment, especially of salaried jobs, has increased. Over two-thirds of the people in Punjab work in the non-farm sector Employment share by sector, (%) 100 42 50 64 80 60 ■ Non-farm 58 ■ Farm 40 50 36 20 0 1994 2005 2012 Punjab’s non-farm employment share is higher than in most other states Non-farm employment share, 2012 (%) 100 100 96 80 74 73 65 64 61 61 60 58 57 51 51 51 51 50 50 50 48 47 45 44 44 43 42 41 40 38 40 38 32 27 20 0 DL GA KL TR TN PJ MN WB JK HR GJ UK AI MH JH KA RJ UP AP MZ OD AS MG HP MP NL SK BH AR CG Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India. 1 June 20, 2017 Punjab Jobs Job growth in Punjab has been weak since 2005 Number of jobs added, 2005-2012 (mn) Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%) WB WB 1.8 UP UP 0.8 RJ RJ 1.1 MH MH 0.5 CG CG 1.6 BH BH 0.5 OD OD 0.7 AP AP 0.3 DL DL 2.2 MP MP 0.4 GJ GJ 0.3 TN TN 0.2 PJ PJ 0.5 TR TR 4.4 HP HP 1.3 SK SK 3.9 MG MG 0.7 GA GA 1.3 MZ MZ 1.1 MN MN 0.1 AR AR -0.1 AS AS 0.0 KL KL -0.1 JH JH -0.2 HR HR -0.3 NL NL -3.6 UK UK -1.0 KA KA -0.5 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India. Most new jobs after 2005 in Punjab were created in the non-farm sectors of the economy Number of jobs, (mn) Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%) FARM FARM -4 MANU MANU 5 THR THR -1 PUB PUB 5 CONS CONS 7 TRAN TRAN 2 FIRB FIRB 7 MINE+UTIL MINE+UTIL 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ■ 2005 ■ 2012 2 June 20, 2017 Punjab Jobs Salaried jobs increased in Punjab after 2005 Employment by wage type, (%) 100 19 21 80 22 28 Wage Labor 60 59 51 40 Self Employed 20 0 2005 2012 ■ Casual Wage ■ Salaried ■ Self Employed The share of workers with salaried jobs is higher in Punjab than in many other states Salaried jobs share, 2012 (%) 70 63 60 60 50 40 30 28 27 26 25 24 24 23 22 22 22 21 20 19 18 18 18 18 17 17 14 14 13 13 11 11 11 10 10 10 6 0 DL GA PJ MH TN GJ NL HR KA KL MZ SK JK AR HP AP AI UK WB MG MN AS RJ TR MP UP OD JH CG BH Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India. 3 June 20, 2017 Punjab Jobs Not enough jobs for the size of the working age population in Punjab, especially for females Million Annual growth, 2005-2012 (%) 20 20 ■ 2005 ■ 2012 +2.0 Working age population 1.7 not in school 15 15 +0.4 All Workers 0.5 10 10 +0.9 Male Workers 1.7 5 5 -0.5 Female Workers -2.6 0 0 Working age All Male Female -4 -4 -3 -3 -2 -2 -1 -1 0 0 1 1 2 2 population not Workers Workers Workers in school Low urban and declining rural female labor force participation in Punjab Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 84 84 79 80 84 80 78 Rural Male 60 Urban Male 47 Rural Female 40 Urban Female 33 32 20 21 18 15 0 1993-94 2004-05 2011-12 4 June 20, 2017