EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA WOMEN DEMOGRAPHICS GENDER AT A GLANCE MEN POPULATION BY AGE, 2010 Source: UN World Population Prospects. 81824 TURKMENISTAN 100+ 90-94 80-84 70-74 GNI per capita (Atlas Method) US$5,5501 60-64 Population living below US$2.50 Not available 50-54 Most recent…. 40-44 Government Gender Action Plan Not available 30-34 Country Gender Assessment 2010, USAID 20-24 Source: 1WDI, 2012. 10-14 0-4 EQUALITY IN TURKMENISTAN, 2000-2011 Source: GenderStats, UNECE, Inter-Parliamentary Union. WOMEN EDUCATION Female gross MEN 2000 secondary enrollment GROSS ENROLLMENT (% of relevant age group), 2011 2011* 100 Source: GenderStats. 120 50 100 Female labor 80 Share of women force 0 in parliament participation 60 (ages 15-64) 40 20 0 Women's Primary Secondary Tertiary monthly wages as a share of men's WOMEN (unadjusted) JOBS MEN * Share of women in parliament (2013). LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION (% ages 15-64) , 2000- 2011 Source: GenderStats. GLOBAL INDICES Score Max Rank Year 90 World Economic Forum 80 Global Gender Gap Index - 1 - 2012 70 UNDP Gender Empowerment Measure - 1 - 2009 60 OECD 50 Social Institutions & Gender Index - 0 - 2012 40 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 SHARE OF WOMEN’S EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR, 2002 Source: Genderstats. AGRICULTURE NON-AGRICULTURE 42% 58% LEGAL FRAMEWORK The constitution of Turkmenistan guarantees equality for men and women before the law. Men and women have equal ownership and inheritance rights to property. The statutory retirement age for men and women is 62 and 57, respectively. There are laws restricting the industries in which women may work. More specifically, there are restrictions regarding the employment of women in some dangerous and environmentally unsafe jobs. Women are entitled to 112 calendar days of maternity leave with 100% of wages paid. Upon the expiry of maternity leave, a woman is entitled to unpaid childcare leave until the child reaches the age of 3. The guarantees and privileges granted to women in connection with maternity also apply to fathers who bring up children without a mother, as well as to guardians (trustees) of minors. There is legisla- tion that specifically addresses domestic violence. Source: US Department of Sate Turkmenistan Human Rights Reports (2012), Constitution of Turkmenistan, Social Security Code of Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan Europe & Central OECD Upper Middle Year* Asia Income KEY INDICATORS Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Endowments: Education, Health, and Demographics Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 103 102 105 104 111 110 Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 97 99 99 84 87 Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 54 66 62 74 33 40 Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 98 99 101 101 97 99 Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and above) 100 99 99 98 96 91 2010 Labor force with tertiary education (% of relevant group) 25 31 Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment - - 98 - 100 - 104 Life expectancy at birth (years) 61 69 73 80 77 82 71 75 2011 Maternal mortality rates (per 100,000 live births) - 67 - 21 - 19 - 64 2010 Fertility rates (births per woman) - 2.4 - 1.7 - 1.8 - 1.8 2011 Access to Economic Opportunity Labor participation rate (% of population ages 15-64) 79 49 77 62 79 62 83 65 2011 Unemployment (% of labor force) 8.9 8.7 8.0 7.9 Youth unemployment (% of population ages 15-24) 19.9 20.5 17.2 16.5 Self-employed (% of employed men/women) 22 15 18 13 Employment rate of persons ages 25-49 with a child under 3 living in household Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms) - - - - Gender pay gap (in average monthly earnings, % of men's - - - - wages, unadjusted) Share of women employed in the non-agricultural sector (% of - 42 - 47 - 46 - 39 2002 total non-agricultural employment) Account at a formal financial institution (% age 15+) 0 1 73 66 86 80 62 53 2011 Agency Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments(%) - 17 - 24 - 25 - 22 2013 Firms with female top managers (%) - - - - Share of women among ministers (%) - 9 - 19 - 24 - 15 2012 Percentage agreeing that a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife *Indicates year of country data. All benchmarking data is from the most recent available year. Data from GenderStats (extracted September 10, 2013), UNECE, Inter-Parliamentary Union (as of September 1, 2013), and the central statistics office of Turkmenistan. DATA Please note that where possible, data is from harmonized internationally comparable sources. WANT TO KNOW MORE? For more information, please visit the Gender Data Portal at www.datatopics.worldbank.org/gender