Private Sector & Refugees Pathways to Scale About IFC IFC – a sister organization of the World Bank and member of the World Bank Group – is the largest global development institution focused on the private sector in emerging markets. We work with more than 2,000 businesses worldwide, using our capital, expertise, and influence to create markets and opportunities in the toughest areas of the world. For more information, visit www.ifc.org. About The Bridgespan Group The Bridgespan Group (www.bridgespan.org) is a global nonprofit organization that collaborates with mission- driven organizations and philanthropists to break cycles of poverty and dramatically improve the quality of life for those in need. Bridgespan’s services include strategy consulting, leadership development, philanthropy advising, and developing and sharing practical insights. Acknowledgements This report was jointly developed by Danielle Berfond and Soa Andrian (Task Team Leaders, The Bridgespan Group) and Jiyeon Janice Ryu (Task Team Leader, IFC FCS Africa) with great input and guidance from Jan Schwier (The Bridgespan Group) and Michel Botzung (IFC FCS Africa). The authors would also like to thank Jill Lanney and Carole Matthews (The Bridgespan Group) and Cynthia Phoel for their work on the paper, as well as Idil Abshir, Daniela-Henrike Klau-Panhans, Vishal Ashvin Patel, and Luba Shara (IFC FCS Africa) for their contributions to the study. Our deepest gratitude to all the interviewees and survey participants who readily gave of their time to contribute to the report. Creative design services were provided by ITL Communication and Design. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO License. © International Finance Corporation, April 2019. All rights reserved. 2121 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W Washington, D.C. 20433 www.ifc.org The findings, interpretations, views, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Finance Corporation or of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank) or the governments they represent. Cover: Refugees take plumbing classes. Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya © Dominic Chavez/IFC Private Sector & Refugees Pathways to Scale Foreword T he world is currently facing extreme levels of forced displacement. UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, estimates that nearly one person is forcibly displaced every two seconds as a result of conflict or persecution. An unprecedented 70.4 million individuals around the world have been forced from their home; among them nearly 25.4 million refugees, more than half of whom are under the age of 18. Protracted refugee situations over the last 20 -30 years coupled with recent large-scale displacement and forced migration have spurred the private sector to engage more proactively with refugees and host communities, beyond corporate social responsibility programs. Private sector actors are well-positioned to enhance and expand these efforts. They have strategic capabilities and can deploy business models and have started to interact with these communities commercially. While private sector engagement is nascent, with many small or early stage initiatives, there is a growing commitment from investors and corporate partners to support and co‑design more effective, shared solutions. IFC – the largest global development institution focused exclusively on the private sector in developing countries— in partnership with the Bridgespan Group in 2017 began looking into the landscape of over 170 private sector-led initiatives across the Middle East and Africa. The research pointed to a set of common pathways of private sector engagements beyond funding humanitarian assistance. That prompted us to ask: what will it take to encourage investment in refugee camps and their host communities? That research culminated in this paper looking more deeply at select cases to explore factors such as financing, partnerships, and market intelligence. This paper offers practical and relevant insights, including case studies capturing the journey of setting up private sector initiatives. It looks at their progress to date, and key takeaways. Private sector actors understand why they should engage, and which approaches hold promise. But often the “how” remains less clear to them. They ask how to identify the best pathways for engagement, how to leverage their existing capabilities and assets, how to find and work with the right partners, how to learn from others, and, perhaps most importantly, how to attain impact at scale. The refugee agenda is challenging. The need for a private sector response is urgent. I hope this report encourages and enables prospective private sector actors to begin strategically examining their potential for engagement and contributes to serving the needs of refugees and host communities and building their economic capacity. Sérgio Pimenta Vice President, Middle East and Africa, IFC Table of contents Overview 3 Chapter 1 Landscape of Private Sector Engagement 7 Chapter 2 Critical Enablers of Impact and Scale for Private Sector Engagement 11 Flexible Financing................................................................................................................11 Cross-sector Partnerships................................................................................................... 15 Investment Information...................................................................................................... 19 Chapter 3 Case Studies on the Pathways for Private Sector Engagement 25 IrisGuard: Helping refugees access humanitarian assistance with dignity............................... 27 Equity Bank: Extending a company-wide mission of financial inclusion to refugees.................29 Luminus Education Group: Preparing refugees for employment in Jordan and beyond............. 31 Sanivation: Providing a range of employment opportunities for refugees............................... 33 Inyenyeri: Creating a business to improve the lives of refugees in Rwanda.............................. 35 Appendices 37 Appendix A: List of private sector initiatives..........................................................................38 Appendix B: Detailed database of private sector initiatives....................................................42 Appendix C: Analysis of the private sector initiatives database.............................................. 68 Appendix D: Results from survey of private sector actors...................................................... 70 1 Refugees wait in line to vaccinate their children before being transported to Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya © Dominic Chavez/IFC 2 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE OV E RV I E W Private Sector Engagement with Refugees and Host Communities R ampant wars, conflict, and persecution capabilities and business models. Multinational are driving the world’s displaced corporations like Mastercard, regional and population to record high numbers. national businesses such as Equity Bank and According to UNHCR, the United Nations PowerGen, social enterprises like NaTakallam Refugee Agency, by the end of 2017, nearly 70 and Sanivation, and a range of others across million people worldwide were forcibly displaced industries, are demonstrating the potential – more than the entire population of the United roles of the private sector in supporting refugees Kingdom. More than a third of displaced persons and host communities. have become refugees, seeking safety across international borders.1 Promising momentum in private sector engagement Governments, aid agencies, and NGOs have long provided humanitarian aid for refugees, An increasing number of private sector actors addressing immediate needs such as food, are responding to this need and opportunity. water, and shelter. However, the duration of In November 2017, the International Finance displacement is lengthening for many. In some Corporation (IFC), in partnership with The cases, there is a desire on the part of host Bridgespan Group, began researching these countries to repatriate refugees, yet it can be early efforts – aiming both to understand the a long and controversial process. The need for nature of private sector engagement with sustainable, long-term solutions that mitigate refugees and host communities and to derive the negative impacts of forcible displacement, lessons that could inform future efforts. Across uplift refugees, and support host communities Africa and the Middle East, we identified a is therefore becoming more acute. nascent yet surprisingly large and growing landscape of more than 170 initiatives. Many Indeed, the development community is have originated in host countries where there increasingly focusing on empowering refugees is an enabling policy environment – that is, as agents of their own lives and economic where refugees can participate in economic contributors – from providing skills training, to activities, and are offered opportunities for offering employment, and enabling access to income-generation and education. Many of financial products and services.2 Private sector these initiatives are early-stage, with promising actors are inherently well-positioned to enhance indicators but still limited evidence of impact and scale these efforts, given their strategic 1 “Figures at a Glance,” UNHCR, https://www.unhcr.org/ph/figures-at-a-glance. 2 “Humanitarian Development Nexus,” United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, https://www.unocha.org/es/themes/humanitarian-development-nexus. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY on refugees’ lives. The research pointed to a set of common pathways of private sector engagement beyond funding humanitarian assistance: From August to December 2018: • Sharing capabilities – such as technology or technical expertise – to •• Identified 173 initiatives and provide access to humanitarian assistance, education, or financial documented 110 initiatives in detail that have: services •• At least one driving private • Extending services by adapting current business models to sell goods/ sector actor* services to refugees •• Operations in low- and • Enabling employment by providing job training and/or middle- income countries, concentrated in Africa entrepreneurship support to refugees and the Middle East, and • Integrating into value chains by hiring refugees directly and/or geographically close to the points of crisis working with smaller enterprises that hire refugees through sourcing or subcontracting work •• Developed five in-depth case studies • Building a business through the selling of goods and services tailored •• Surveyed 58 private sector to refugee populations actors on their current The research also surfaced several barriers to growth and scale, such as engagement and forward- looking perspectives insufficient tools and information to engage refugees and inadequate coordination across stakeholders, as well as opportunities to address these •• Conducted 35 interviews with a variety of stakeholders obstacles. including private sector actors, humanitarian organizations, Just a year later, private sector activity in the refugee space has moved funders, and intermediaries forward rapidly, and raised its profile. During the 2018 United Nations * Includes private foundations General Assembly (UNGA) sessions in New York, Business Fights Poverty funded by multinational and Innovest Advisory highlighted key sectoral areas of focus for refugee- companies. inclusive business and investment. Also in 2018, the Tent Partnership for Note: Given the volume of Refugees and the Center for Global Development published research programming aimed at refugees and the study limitations, and policy recommendations on helping refugees realize their economic initiatives identified and profiled potential and improve their well-being and self-reliance through formal in this study are intended to labor market access. Further, the Refugee Investment Network, formed be illustrative, rather than an exhaustive representation of at SOCAP18, laid out a framework for defining, qualifying, and targeting private sector engagement. refugee investments. In particular, the study may not capture efforts of local small Understanding the “hows” of successful and medium enterprises, social enterprises, small refugee-owned engagement businesses, private universities, and informal sector activity. These and other efforts have helped private sector actors understand why they should engage and which approaches hold promise. What often remains less clear to them is the “how”: how to identify the best pathways for engagement, how to leverage their existing capabilities and assets, how to find and work with the right partners, how to learn from others, and, perhaps most importantly, how to attain impact at scale. It is with this focus that our current study seeks to complement the existing efforts and further contribute to a knowledge base on private sector engagement. We explore the critical questions of “how” in three ways: • Through a landscape of current and projected private sector activity Of the 173 private sector initiatives identified, we deepened our research on 110, documenting their approaches, as well as their reach and investment sizes where such data was available. What we found was a nascent but growing landscape of initiatives by a diverse set of actors 4 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE that can valuably inform and inspire future efforts. requires collaboration across the government, The list could also encourage greater sharing of humanitarian, NGO, private, and development learnings and help private sector actors identify finance sectors. Such partnerships ideally start potential partners. Finally, a survey we conducted from a common understanding of a specific revealed insights on actors’ motivations, the problem or need, and then build on the existing barriers they face, and, in general, their positive assets and capabilities of different partners. outlook on future engagement. 3. Investment information: Increasing the flow • Through research on critical enablers of impact of information on refugee needs, investment and scale opportunities, and existing efforts is critical Across our research, as well as in recent discussion to ensuring informed engagement decisions forums such as UNGA, stakeholders consistently by all private sector actors – especially those identified three factors as critical enablers of impact without the resources or connections to access and scale: or compile such information themselves. 1. Flexible financing: Venture capital-like • Through case studies on the pathways for private approaches to funding, with smaller, more sector engagement flexible investments – even within the existing We include five case studies, each illustrating how pool of capital – can better enable testing and a specific private sector actor explored, evaluated, scaling for early-stage, innovative, yet unproven and approached one of the five pathways. While it initiatives. This is particularly important for may be too early to assess the impact of all these smaller businesses, start-ups, and social efforts, the journeys of these actors provide valuable enterprises that rely heavily on financing. lessons on how to use assets and capabilities to 2. Cross-sector partnerships: Given its scope and engage refugees and host communities – and how multifaceted nature, addressing refugee needs other stakeholders can support these efforts. Five case studies on pathways for private sector engagement SHARING CAPABILITIES: IRISGUARD’S iris recognition technology has streamlined the process of registering and delivering services to refugees in Jordan and beyond. Refugees no longer have to wait at distribution points, are less susceptible to theft and corruption, and have more agency in how they receive assistance. EXTENDING SERVICES: For EQUITY BANK, which has made banking available to low-income families in East Africa for more than 30 years, reaching out to refugee groups is a natural extension of its financial inclusion work. Equity Bank now provides banking products and services to thousands of refugees in Northern Kenya and is looking to expand. ENABLING EMPLOYMENT: LUMINUS EDUCATION is Jordan’s first private institute to provide employment training for refugee youth. Seventy to 80 percent of Luminus’s refugee students find employment – and in some sectors, like hospitality, all of them do. INTEGRATING INTO VALUE CHAINS: SANIVATION is using an innovative approach to bring more hygienic sanitation solutions and cleaner fuel alternatives to refugee communities in Kenya, while also providing a range of employment opportunities, from manufacturing to sales. BUILDING A BUSINESS: INYENYERI’S innovative cooking system is addressing cooking needs, household air pollution, and fuel efficiency issues in refugee homes in Rwanda. This affordable, market-based solution aims to reach 3,500 households in Kigeme Camp and start expansion into several other camps in 2019. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 5 We observed a strong recognition among private sustainable paths to engagement. Through the five sector actors that the refugee crisis is not going pathways above, private sector actors are already away and that it is a critical time for solutions- using their capabilities to create impact. based approaches. A full 60 percent of surveyed With the right enablers in place – more flexible organizations expect to deepen their engagement financing, effective cross-sector partnerships, and in the coming few years. This highlights a growing accessible information – the impact and scale of confidence and a generally positive outlook among private sector efforts could deepen, improving the lives private sector actors that there are valuable and of refugees and host communities around the globe. Mberwa Abdallah Ali (left), a refugee from the Democratic Republic of Congo started his own business in Kakuma in 2017 after being trained. © Dominic Chavez/IFC 6 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE CHAPTER 1 Landscape of Private Sector Engagement T hrough our research, we identified more than 170 private sector initiatives with refugees and host communities (see Research Methodology on page 4). While not a comprehensive list, it illustrates the range of private sector activity. To understand both existing activity and the outlook across the landscape more deeply, we sought detailed input directly from 63 private sector actors who are collectively engaged in 110 refugee-focused initiatives. Diverse actors, nascent endeavors The private sector actors engaging with refugees and host communities range from multinational corporations and their foundations, to regional and national businesses, to start-ups and social enterprises. They operate in a wide array of industries, with technology and financial services companies behind 34 percent of initiatives (see Appendix C, page 69). Figure 1: Landscape of private sector initiatives BY YEAR LAUNCHED N=107 BY SIZE OF INVESTMENT (USD) BY NUMBER OF REFUGEES N=53 REACHED N=53 29% 3o% 3o% 28% 4o% 35% 35% 25% 25% 30% 20% 20% 20% 24% 17% 17% 25% 16% 15% 14% 15% 13% 20% 13% 17% 12% 11% 15% 15% 10% 9% 10% 10% 9% 5% 5% 5% 0% 0% 0% 2013 and prior 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Under 100 K 100K-500K 500K-1M 1M-5M 5M-10M Over 10M Under 1K 1K-10K 10K-100K 100K-1M Over 1M Note: Based on information provided by the relevant private sector actor for each initiative; not all data was available for every initiative. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 7 Despite this breadth of involvement, the landscape inspire more sharing of learnings and help private of private sector initiatives is still fairly new. Most of sector actors identify potential partners. the efforts listed are in early stages, with over half launched within the past three years. Many are also A positive outlook relatively small, with roughly half having investment Understanding the outlook of private sector actors – levels of $1 million or less, and reaching 10,000 or in particular, their motivations and plans to engage fewer refugees (see Figure 1 on page 7). further with refugees and host communities – is Later in this report, we share the list of initiatives along critical to building stakeholder confidence in future with descriptive details for each, such as geographic investments. In a survey of current private sector focus, key partnerships, and reach and investment size actors, over 60 percent expect to expand or deepen where such data was available (see Appendix A and B, their engagement in the coming three years (see pages 38 and 42). In combination with other studies, Figure 2). This commitment is especially noteworthy such as Business Fights Poverty’s Resilience through as almost half of those respondents expect their Refugee-Inclusive Business report, we hope this list can associated operating costs to increase. Figure 2: Outlook for current engagement HOW DO YOU EXPECT YOUR CURRENT ENGAGEMENT TO CHANGE WITHIN THE NEXT THREE YEARS? (N=54) Scale down Expand/deepen engagement engagement 2% 63% End engagement 2% Shift to a different type of engagement Continue engagement at same scale 13% 20% Figure 3: Motivations for private sector engagement HOW IMPORTANT ARE THE FOLLOWING FACTORS IN DETERMINING WHETHER TO CONTINUE YOUR ENGAGEMENT/ INITIATIVE? (N=58) Positive impact on refugee lives 4.8 Presence of potential partners/ collaborators 4.4 Level of relevant capabilities/ expertise 3.9 Availability of funding 3.8 Cost of operations 3.6 Public opinion/acceptance 3.1 Profit-making potential 2.7 1 2 3 4 5 Average score Note: 5 = Very significant 8 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE With respect to their motivations, impact decisively For instance, on the most significant barriers to outweighs financial gain. Respondents most engagement, survey respondents placed well- frequently cited the potential for positive impact known ‘national policy and regulatory constraints’ on refugee lives as the most important factor in at the top (see Figure 4). Other barriers were close determining whether to continue their engagement behind, including ‘lack of data/information,’ ‘cultural (see Figure 3). Across engagement pathways, they and social context,’ and ‘physical and geographic cited profit- making potential, on average, as the least barriers,’ highlighting areas of opportunity for other significant; even actors integrating refugees into their stakeholders to facilitate private sector activity. value chains, or extending services to refugees, rated Overall, the landscape of private sector engagement this lower on the list. In interviews, many noted they with refugees and host communities may be new, but seek simply to cover costs. it shows signs of growth and optimism. Continuing to In addition to motivations and plans, the interviews and strive for transparency, information, and connections survey also highlighted different types of investments could dramatically enhance the impact of all actors in that can improve private sector engagement overall. this humanitarian crisis. Figure 4: Barriers to private sector investment WHEN CONSIDERING INVESTMENTS IN THE REFUGEE SPACE, HOW SIGNIFICANT ARE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF BARRIERS ON A SCALE OF 1 TO 5? (N=58) National policy and regulatory constraints (e.g., right-to-work 3.9 legislation, requirements for identification) Lack of relevant data/information to understand commercial 3.6 viability or potential investment opportunities Cultural and social context (e.g., economic outlook of host 3.5 communities, similarities between refugee and host populations) Physical and geographic barriers (e.g., accessibility of refugee 3.5 camps, distance to camps) Economic context (e.g., ease of doing business) 3.4 Difficulty in navigating the humanitarian aid landscape (e.g., 3.3 international actors, NGOs) Limited understanding of the refugees (e.g., demographics, skill 3.3 sets, spending habits, credit-worthiness) Reputational risks 2.7 1 2 3 4 Average score Note: 5 = Very significant PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 9 People walk through Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya © Dominic Chavez/IFC 10 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE CHAPTER 2 Critical Enablers of Impact and Scale for Private Sector Engagement P rivate sector engagement with refugees and host communities – in any of its forms – can be challenging. Interviews revealed a wide variety of barriers, from policy and regulatory constraints, to limited accessibility and understanding of refugee populations, to reputational and financial risks in serving refugees. Yet our research underscored three factors that help drive success: flexible financing, cross-sector partnerships, and investment information. While not the only conditions for success, these enablers are relevant across a range of initiatives and are top of mind for many private sector actors. 1. Flexible financing Private sector initiatives focused on economic inclusion and long-term solutions for refugees require significant investment. At a minimum, private sector actors need to cover the costs and mitigate the financial risks of these efforts. Those surveyed cited higher start-up costs, uncertainty in revenue generation, and overall risk levels when working with refugees and host communities. This means that many private sector actors – particularly local small and medium-sized enterprises – need to seek additional capital. While there is a growing funding pool available to support these efforts, our survey and interviews underline a need to think beyond the way capital is currently sourced, structured, and matched to opportunities for engaging refugees and host communities. Current forms of funding – and their limitations Investments in the refugee space are growing globally, yet still represent only a small proportion of available funding. The Refugee Investment Network estimates only one percent of grant- based philanthropic investment in the Sustainable Development Goals from 2016-2018 has been designated for migrants and refugees, translating into $960 million of the total $74 billion.3 Through our research, we captured approximately $400 million in private investments deployed across 50 initiatives, from 2009 to today. Survey participants overwhelmingly called for more grant funding (1.4 on a scale of 1–5 in importance, with 1 being most important) (see Appendix D.2 on page 71). 3 Based on data from SDGfunders.org, as cited in Refugee Investment Network’s Paradigm Shift: How investment can unlock the potential of refugees, 2018, https://static1.squarespace.com/ static/5b280d6a620b85faae73af1a/t/5bf449824fa51a6514e2b017/1542736284883/RIN+Investor+Report- Paradigm+Shift-final-2.pdf PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 11 "The most important However, our interviews revealed that private sector actors’ paramount aspect of engaging concern is not lack of available funding, but the types of funding available. with refugees is for Our research indicates three primary sources and structures of development funders to funding available to private sector actors today: grants and awards allow small amounts from foundations, humanitarian organizations, or individual donors; of funding outside the procurement and contracting to deliver programs and services as implementation partners for humanitarian organizations; and conventional, lengthy, development finance and impact investing through equity or debt and rigid processes. contributions. All of these funding sources and structures are important, This is especially true yet also have limitations. for innovative solutions Our research, as well as other recently published findings, reveal that coming from start-ups funders across these three pools traditionally focus on funding a smaller that cannot handle these number of larger-scale, later-stage opportunities that work with kinds of processes, which refugees. While these funders may prefer large, mature organizations often stifle really good with proven approaches and strong systems in place, in reality, the and innovative solutions" pipeline in the refugee space is still in the early stages of identifying IMAD MALHAS, FOUNDER, IRISGUARD and testing ideas. Further, the challenges refugees face can at times be better addressed by smaller, more nimble entrepreneurial organizations. One corporate foundation representative captures the conundrum for funders: “There are a lot of small, innovative programs happening, and these small projects are really inspiring. But I can’t fund small projects. I need to know what the bigger, meatier projects are. …The majority of our funding is tied to block grants. They don’t provide us with a lot of flexibility to pilot innovative solutions.” Impact investors are similarly looking for organizational maturity. Many are seeking market-rate returns from investments as well as clear impact on refugee inclusion. “Expecting this complete package from the get- go for initiatives working with refugees in fragile contexts may not be realistic,” says Justin Sykes, founder and managing director for Innovest Advisory, a consultancy that links socially-minded investors with impact investment opportunities. 12 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE Five types of flexible funding private sector actors need Our research revealed a set of funding requirements quite different from the forms of funding prevalent today. Private sector actors called for more flexibility in financing, emphasizing the need for broader size ranges and more venture capital-like approaches in order to assess and scale their often early-stage, innovative, but still unproven initiatives. Such flexible financing might include the following. Proof-of- concept or pilot-stage funding Risk Discrete underwriting SMALLER, solution FLEXIBLE, funding NEED-BASED FUNDING Goal- or Short-term outcome- ‘bridge’ based funding funding Proof-of-concept or pilot-stage funding 1 Early-stage funding – perhaps awarded through innovation funds or competitions – can provide organizations the space and flexibility to test and prove their models. For example, Sanivation, which provides hygienic sanitation solutions in Kenyan refugee camps, initially received a start- up grant from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2013. This grant allowed the social enterprise to pilot its services and gain a better understanding of how to work in refugee camps. With a more tailored proposal, Sanivation was able to win a larger grant from UNHCR in 2016. By covering the costs of piloting, the initial CDC grant was a catalytic first step in Sanivation’s early scale-up stage. Discrete solution funding 2 Many social enterprises, particularly start-ups, offer specific products and services instead of full solutions. “A challenge from our perspective is the large ‘deal’ size required for the projects that international financial institutions operate through,” shares Aape Pohjavirta, founder of Funzi, a mobile learning platform that facilitates the development and delivery of free courses to refugees across the Middle East. “We could not directly get involved because we don’t operate projects at that size, and it is hard to identify the right partners to build out a larger, more comprehensive project.” Smaller amounts of funding or financing, for example, tied to more specific line items such as technology, can provide opportunities for these organizations. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 13 Short-term ‘bridge’ funding 3 Long-term partnerships – for both grants and procurement contracts – can take significant time to work out. “After we reply to the call for a grant, we often have to wait a long time,” shares Hend Ismail, social responsible business lead of ITWORX Education, which provides holistic e-learning for Syrian refugee children in Lebanon. “Sometimes it takes eight months to a year to hear back from the funding entities.” There are similar, if not longer, timeframes for signed procurement contracts. A short-term funding option that can bridge this time before or between partnership agreements can help organizations mitigate the financial risks. 4 Funding that is tied to results, such as pay-for-success models or impact Goal- or outcome- based funding bonds, can allow organizations to try multiple paths to achieve outcomes. For example, PowerGen, which uses minigrids to provide power to rural communities, sees potential in extending its work in refugee camps, but requires subsidies for capital expenditures. As part of the Africa Minigrid Developers Association, they drafted a Results-Based Financing (RBF) program recommendation that links investment subsidies for minigrids to verified electrical connections for in-need populations.4 “Minigrid companies would be happy to serve refugee camps,” shares PowerGen’s CEO and Co-Founder Sam Slaughter. “The RBF concept can serve as a template for such programs.” Results-based approaches can be applicable in very different contexts. Funzi’s Pohjavirta sees the value of this strategy. “If funders introduce social impact bonds and say, ‘everyone who creates a female entrepreneur can receive X dollars,’ then we can create a lot of entrepreneurs.” Risk underwriting 5 Private sector actors also value financing structures that provide risk guarantees or first-loss capital to limit an organization’s exposure to potential loss, especially when the initiative is scaling to reach significant numbers of refugees. For example, Equity Bank is exploring options for a guarantee fund, which would protect its investment from losses to mitigate the risk of lending to refugees. "By far, we would hope to deepen operations through revenue-generated funding, since we are a for-profit. For our prospective clients, such as large NGOs, this may mean receiving grants or different development finance combinations to be able to purchase our services." AAPE POHJAVIRTA, FOUNDER, FUNZI 4 “Africa Mini-grid Developers Association (AMDA) SMART RBF Program Recommendation,” AMDA, http:// www.powergen- renewable-energy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Africa-Mini-grid-Developers- Association-AMDA-SMART-RBF- Program-Recommendation.pdf. 14 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE Beyond the financing options, there are also challenges in matching the nascent pipeline of private sector opportunities with the right set of interested funders and funding structures. “Beyond our current partners, we don’t know where to look for specific funding for work with refugees,” says Sanivation’s Business Development Lead Kate Bohnert. Many others we spoke to echo this concern. Conversations around investment and financing must continue in order to match the right funders with investment opportunities. These should include discussions at the individual partnership level, as well as efforts targeted at information exchange and broader sourcing of opportunities. Already, calls for ideas, such as UNHCR-hosted “innovation challenges,”5 have helped identify and prototype solutions in areas like refugee access to information and fraud prevention in humanitarian work. Such efforts can expand further and connect to broader funding channels, for example, through “challenge funds.”6 The creativity being applied today provides insight on how to better align financing with the needs of private sector actors, and stimulate even more effective initiatives for refugees and host communities. 2. Cross-sector partnerships When it comes to deepening private sector engagement in the refugee space, our survey and interviews reveal that partnership and "It has been eye-opening collaboration is top of mind for many stakeholders. Private sector actors, humanitarian organizations, and others widely acknowledge to learn that the potential that the challenges refugees face are systemic, requiring multi-sectoral to launch transformative and multi-stakeholder efforts to address them. The private sector has projects exists, and yet the important roles to play in engaging with refugees, but they require legacy system of dividing effective partnerships with the government, humanitarian, NGO, and needs among various development finance sectors. implementing NGOs and High interest in partnering but insufficient know-how one- year project cycles Over 80 percent of survey respondents cited the presence of potential prevents meaningful partners or collaborators as the second most important factor in their change. Sustainable engagement, just below positive impact and above factors like funding, business and delivery cost, and potential for profit (see Figure 3 on page 8). models will only arise Despite this understanding, there is less clarity on how to create from multi-stakeholder effective partnerships. “Everyone wants to partner,” says Innovest efforts that take into Advisory’s Sykes. “It’s the word of the day. We know we need multiple account the needs of the stakeholders. But then, actually putting the time and effort into what ecosystem at large." it means to have a successful partnership – that is an entirely different Sasha Kapadia, Director of Government matter.” and Development, MasterCard 5 “Past Challenges and Winning Ideas from UNHCR Ideas,” UNHCR Innovation, https://unhcrideas.org/ main/Page/stories 6 “Challenge funds” are one mechanism used in other areas of development. For example, the Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund matches funds from governments and international organizations to support social enterprises in creating resilience and sustainable incomes in rural and marginalized communities in Africa. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 15 Respondents recognize the many challenges, particularly for cross-sectoral partnerships, including differences in language, internal processes, and pace of activity, as well as unclear division of roles and responsibilities. However, there are not yet clear solutions to address them all. Four principles for effective private sector collaboration Based on our survey and stakeholder interviews, we have developed a set of emerging principles for effective private sector collaboration in the refugee space. Orient around the Test and learn problem Dedicate empowered Define strength- resources based roles Orient around the problem 1 Today, partnerships often begin with one stakeholder defining a specific solution – whether a private sector actor with an idea of how to leverage their capabilities, or a humanitarian organization or funder with a request for proposal on a contract or grant. The resulting partnerships can be effective, yet we heard that a successful collaboration is more likely to begin with the two entities discussing a specific refugee need, aligning on objectives, and collectively developing the solution. For example, IrisGuard’s partnership with UNHCR started with a clear humanitarian need: the large number of Syrian refugees entering Jordan in 2012 was creating challenges in registration and the delivery of aid. IrisGuard sat down with UNHCR to understand how its iris recognition technology could expedite the registration process, eradicate duplicate registrations, and help refugees access services in a way that was not only more efficient but also preserved their dignity. “This is about creating solutions that work for real problems, serving forcibly displaced refugees in a time of crisis,” says IrisGuard Founder Imad Malhas. 16 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE 2 Define strength- With a clear problem and solution in mind, different stakeholders based roles can assign roles based on what strengths each can contribute to the partnership. In our research, some maintain that humanitarian organizations, and others currently working with refugees, should learn business language or otherwise emulate the private sector, such as by hiring more people with business experience. Yet, we have found that partnerships thrive when collaboration is grounded in the existing knowledge, capabilities, and assets of each stakeholder, rather than in requiring an equal understanding of private sector activities. For example, ITWORX Education has partnered with local NGOs to understand better the needs of Syrian refugees in Lebanon. “As a company, we do not know as much about the community as we think,” says Ismail. “We learn from those who are in the field. They are our door to the community.” NGO partners were able to provide connections to and insights on the refugee communities, as well as input into the design of ITWORX’s education solutions. Similarly, Airtel Uganda works closely with government agencies and UNHCR, among others, to determine how it can help provide mobile communications services for refugees across the country. The government has supported Airtel’s work, contributing knowledge of new refugee settlements as well as government land for the company to establish new cell sites. At the same time, Airtel maintains regular communications with the government, to understand where it has needs and leverage its own knowledge of consumer telecommunication needs. “We are in close coordination with the government, supporting them in their work by providing the latest telecommunication technology to refugee settlements,” shares Rajesh Agrawal, network director, chief technology officer at Airtel Uganda. Dedicate empowered resources 3 To ensure that partnerships succeed, champions from all partners and at multiple levels – from leadership to middle management to field-level worker – must commit time and resources. Several collaborative efforts have struggled due to insufficient resources on each side of the stakeholder partnership. This can result in long timelines and decision cycles, unclear decision pathways, or a significant number of handovers – all of which can stifle progress and create frustration, even among those who were eager to collaborate. KOIS, an impact investment firm, has worked across multiple stakeholders to coordinate a Development Impact Bond to improve the livelihoods of Syrian refugees. KOIS Head of Business Development Béatrice Delperdange shares, “A lot of these partnerships will fail because not enough effort and investment is put into…the business rationale (head), how you are going to cement/support this (hands), and understanding the other party (heart).” Energias de Portugal (EDP), which has been working to bring renewable energy to refugee camps in Kenya, recounted their experience with a collaboration on a specific power project. While the plan was to have a single point of contact from their field partner on the ground, this never came to be. Instead, they had to navigate through several individuals to move the work ahead, which slowed timelines. The idea was there, but the “hands” were not. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 17 Humanitarian organizations are not the only ones who need to commit; the private sector needs to make clear investments as well. For instance, Equity Bank has a team dedicated to refugee financial inclusion within the Special Projects Department at the Group Head Office, and at branches in its Rwanda, Uganda, and Kenya subsidiaries – all to ensure success in engaging refugees. Test and learn 4 Much of the private sector landscape is still early-stage and likely, as a portfolio of initiatives, to show quick successes and failures. Therefore, testing, monitoring, and adapting initiatives as needed are essential to successful partnerships – as is the sharing of lessons within and across initiatives. Funzi’s Pohjavirta attests to the importance of sharing. “We talked about a project [for our mobile learning platform] with UNDP in Syria, and then our counterpart realized, ‘Ah, if it works in Syria, it probably also has a chance of working in Somalia.’” Similarly, Sanivation and UNHCR have successfully partnered to bring hygienic sanitation solutions and cleaner fuel alternatives to refugees in Kenya. The model and success factors are now being compiled and shared more broadly to encourage similar collaborations. “UNHCR endorsed our best practice guidelines, which is lending credibility first to container-based sanitation and also to more sustainable, long-term approaches in general,” says Sanivation’s Bohnert. UNHCR helps refugees cross the border from South Sudan. Kenya © Dominic Chavez/IFC 18 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE The four principles at work: Inyenyeri and the Clean Cooking Alliance, we speak at least We see these principles at work in Inyenyeri’s efforts monthly to share information and how it’s going,” says to provide clean cooking solutions for refugees living Bloomer. “My advice is constant communication at all in Rwandan camps. When Inyenyeri Project Manager levels.” Suzanna Huber met UNHCR livelihoods officer Jakob Working with refugees is always complex, yet the Oster, the Government of Rwanda had already stated many positive examples of collaboration indicate its interest in ending firewood distribution in camps. clear principles for successful cross-sectoral, multi- Concurrently, UNHCR sought to move away from stakeholder partnerships. By prioritizing close providing firewood for refugees in Rwanda in favor of collaboration and communication, and by maximizing a sustainable alternative and, in general, curtail free the existing strengths and capabilities of stakeholders, material distribution in favor of cash assistance. Their we believe private sector actors can work with others to objectives aligned, and Inyenyeri’s affordable, efficient improve the lives of refugees. cooking system fit perfectly with UNHCR’s needs in Kigeme Camp. Additionally, the designated points of 3. Investment information contact worked well together, and the organizations Assessing the potential of any private sector opportunity shared information and insights with each other, or investment requires a strong knowledge base: together strengthening their partnership. about the context, investment feasibility, potential After its pilot phase, Inyenyeri partnered with the IKEA outcomes, competitive environment, and more. Private Foundation, UNHCR, and the Clean Cooking Alliance to sector actors typically have access to myriad sources of scale its work to more refugees. The IKEA Foundation’s information and data about potential investments – at focus has always been on identifying “a portfolio of least in mature market conditions. strategic partners, with whom we develop programs Such information is equally, if not more, important and ideas of what we can do together,” says Programme for those looking to engage with refugees and host Manager Annelies Withofs. Inyenyeri experienced communities. Private sector actors must fully grasp this approach firsthand: the foundation team “came not only refugee needs, but also previous attempts to to Rwanda to sit with us and UNHCR and figure out address them, so they can build on prior successes and how to make the scale-up as successful as possible,” avoid reinventing the wheel or repeating mistakes. The attests Amber Bloomer, Inyenyeri’s director of grant value of such information is heightened by the shortage and donor partnerships. This deep engagement led to of previous experiences to draw upon and the inherent an agreement for a three-year partnership beginning risks and uncertainties of working within the refugee in 2018, with the goal of completely replacing wood context. and charcoal with cleaner wood pellets for cooking in camps. Limited information availability The initial conversation was the start for a successful Although this information is critical, it is not readily collaboration: each of the four stakeholders committed available. Private sector engagement with refugees and to making the partnership work and learning from their host communities is still nascent, and while there is a experience to improve cooperation moving forward. strong understanding of the humanitarian needs, the “For our agreements with UNHCR, IKEA Foundation, landscape is still largely underdeveloped from a market- "We need to do a lot of research before designing projects. We look at statistics. We meet with the locals. If I knew what others were doing, it would make things so much easier for me to implement and build out…there are a huge number of people doing everything in parallel, and now they are repeating themselves." HEND ISMAIL, SOCIAL RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS LEAD, ITWORX PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 19 based perspective. In-depth analyses, such as IFC’s the ground level for this field assessment, and it allowed Kakuma as a Marketplace study, are few and far between, us to design and select the different projects.” despite the voiced demand from stakeholders. In our A lot of information does exist, but may not be survey, 60 percent of respondents cited the lack of systematically captured or actively shared. “More relevant data and information as a barrier to investing in information is gleaned from conversation than anything the refugee space – second only to policy and regulatory that’s available on the internet,” says Sanivation’s constraints (see Figure 4 on page 9). Bohnert. At times, the information might not exist, such as data on the specific product preferences of refugee Four critical information needs communities. In such cases, it may be necessary, and Through our research, we found four common likely worthwhile, for organizations with available categories of information and data that are critical resources to conduct in-depth, on-the-ground to deeper private sector engagement with refugees feasibility studies and assessments. EDP made such an and host communities. By thinking creatively and investment when it sent a team to Kenya for several collectively, the sector can harvest existing knowledge days. “They came to the conclusion that there was and identify cost-effective ways of gathering and a lot of need in terms of energy,” says EDP’s Head of sharing information that is missing. Stakeholder Management Jorge Mayer. “We started at Dedicate • Education level Refugeeempowered skill sets & resources • Job experience in home countries qualifications • Skills and capabilities • Refugee demographics Refugee demand & • Purchasing power preferences • Preferences on goods and services • Geography Local context & • Infrastructure and connectivity environment • Market and economic context • Similar initiatives Other private sector activity • Available partners • Lessons from previous efforts Refugee skill sets and qualifications 1 Information about refugee skills, education levels, and qualifications is vital to private sector initiatives aiming to enable employment or integrate refugees into value chains. For example, IKEA works with a local organization in Jordan that employs both Jordanians and Syrian refugees to produce a line of rugs and textiles for sale in selected global stores. The company has found it critical to understand up-front the skills of refugees and the organizational capabilities of local partners. Vaishali Misra, business leader at IKEA Social Entrepreneur Initiative, advises; “Right from the beginning, you have to ensure that you harness and further develop the skills which they are good at, and integrate them in the right part of the IKEA value chain. This will ensure that they have the right design competence, material expertise, and supply-chain know-how 20 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE to deliver to customer expectations and become self-reliant in the long run.” In Kenya, Sanivation seeks to hire refugees into multiple roles for providing hygienic sanitation solutions, from production and maintenance of its container-based toilets to sales of the resulting briquettes. Finding refugees with the right skill sets for different positions requires detailed information from the local community. To this end, the organization not only posts public notices but also seeks out recommendations from UNHCR, local leaders, and local NGOs, particularly for more skilled positions. NGOs working deeply in communities often have information on refugees’ previous experience and skill sets, and therefore, can be valuable collaborators. Facilitating the sharing of information on refugee backgrounds could help in hiring – whether through mechanisms that connect private sector actors to local NGOs, or platforms for sharing refugee job qualifications. Refugee demand and preferences 2 Information about refugee needs and preferences, purchasing power, and household consumption is critical to private sector investment. Limited access to this information can delay or derail private sector initiatives. For example, Luminus Education originally struggled to attract Syrian refugees in Jordan to its technical and vocational education programs. “We realized it was not enough to give scholarships to cover tuition,” says Dean of Luminus Technical University College (LTUC) Ayman Maqableh. Barriers included the cost of transportation and living expenses, as well as cultural considerations; often, communities prioritized skills over academics and women had strong family commitments. Luminus had to adjust its offerings and work closely with the communities to message them more clearly. Similarly, EDP noted that its project in Kenya was affected by not fully understanding refugees’ lighting preferences. “We designed all our light bulbs...to be as what we have here,” says Mayer. “Everyone likes to have a soft, more yellow light, we thought. But we learned it was a bad light…good light for them is the super white one, which is much brighter. Without good market data, you risk making assumptions that don’t fully correspond to what people on the ground want.” While capturing and analyzing data requires investment, initial studies or work with refugees can then supply a wealth of information to later efforts. For example, Equity Bank in Northern Kenya designed loan products based on product and process innovations informed by its partnerships on cash transfers. Companies that invest in market or feasibility assessments can assist other efforts by sharing their learnings. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 21 3 In all of our discussions, stakeholders emphasized the vital importance Local context and environment of understanding the local conditions of refugee communities, such as the geography, economy, infrastructure and connectivity, and resource availability. Private sector actors need such information to decide whether and how to invest. For example, as Inyenyeri explores bringing its Fuel+Stove clean cooking system to additional refugee camps, it considers a variety of factors, such as the availability of cash assistance, which provides refugees with purchasing power. It also looks at the location of the camps, as close proximity to host communities creates a more open market for sales. The physical environment is also critical: Inyenyeri’s business model may not work in camps close to forests, where refugees can readily collect firewood to meet their cooking fuel needs. ITWORX Education has had to adjust its mobile learning solutions for refugee camps based on the local education infrastructure.“In Lebanon, we realized there were no schools in the camps,” shares Ismail. “Another challenge was [the lack of] internet connectivity.” To adapt to these conditions, ITWORX set up technology-powered learning centers with volunteer teachers. It also programmed its virtual tablets to update automatically with no need for connectivity. Knowledge about the conditions of different refugee communities already exists in various formats. There is data on mobile connectivity and other sector-specific penetration, as well as physical environs, cash transfer programs, and more, spread across various reports, websites, and organizations. Compiling this information, or making it accessible by geography and other dimensions, would be a valuable starting point for private sector actors with limited familiarity. Other private sector activity 4 We found a consistent theme across discussions on the importance of understanding other private sector initiatives, both locally and globally. Transparency and information sharing can prevent overlapping and unintentionally parallel efforts. “Having someone actually distill and maintain that initiative information, I am certain, would save a lot of money and a lot of time,” says Funzi’s Pohjavirta. Consider EDP, which was planning an initiative in Kenya until it discovered there were already large-scale energy projects planned for the same region in Kenya that were not compatible with EDP’s intervention. “There’s a lot of scattering of projects,” says EDP’s Mayer. “The vast majority of lessons have all been learned if we just manage to aggregate all the information that they have.” Creating platforms to exchange learnings and lessons was a common theme in our interviews. “It is very important for organizations like UNHCR to aggregate the information they have and to publish it, to put it out, to showcase the examples that really work well for them to inform others,” says Mayer. 22 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE Indeed, many expect international development and humanitarian organizations to take on the responsibility of creating information hubs. Yet the onus does not have to be only on these actors. A self- submission platform for private sector initiatives to post about their work – and include relevant reports/resources – could dramatically increase the flow of information and enhance learning. Overall, we believe more focused investment in information and data sharing can significantly deepen private sector engagement in the refugee space. Better understanding refugees and host communities, and the landscape of efforts to support them, can help the private sector optimize its resources and create greater impact moving forward. Refugees take tailoring classes in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya © Dominic Chavez/IFC PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 23 Refugees taking wood working courses at the Kalobeyei Youth Training Center, Kalobeyei , Kenya © Dominic Chavez/IFC 24 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE CHAPTER 3 Case Studies on the Pathways for Private Sector Engagement O ur research revealed five pathways by which private sector actors are moving beyond funding humanitarian assistance and using their assets and capabilities to support refugees and host communities. The five initiatives profiled here demonstrate each pathway and represent a range of promising efforts across diverse geographies, sizes, and stages. Each case study captures the journey of setting up the initiative, its progress to date, and key takeaways. While it may be too early to tell the impact of all these initiatives, their journeys provide valuable lessons about the pathways for engagement. These learnings are relevant both for private sector actors seeking to engage with refugees, and for other actors – government, development finance organizations, NGOs – interested in supporting private sector engagement. Sharing capabilities. Organizations share their capabilities – such as technology, knowledge, or technical expertise – with humanitarian organizations and NGOs, to provide refugees with access to aid, education, or financial services. For example, IrisGuard, an iris recognition biometric technology company, has worked with UNHCR and other international organizations to use its technology to help improve registration (onboarding) and delivery of cash assistance, in- kind aid, and other services to refugees in Jordan and across the Middle East. Extending services. Organizations extend or adapt part of their business model to provide goods and services to refugee populations. This is often the case with telecommunications and financial services companies. For example, Equity Bank’s experience providing services to other underserved populations enabled it to expand from facilitating delivery of humanitarian aid to offering bank accounts, microcredit, and other banking products to refugee communities in Kenya. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 25 Enabling employment. Organizations provide job training and/or entrepreneurship support to refugees, improving their access to employment, a key element of integration into host communities. By providing scholarships and tailored support services to refugee students, Luminus Education Group, Jordan’s leading technical and vocational education and training institute, has enrolled more than 4,500 Syrians to equip them with skills and match them with jobs. Integrating into value chains. Organizations advance economic inclusion by employing refugees and integrating them into their value chains. Companies like Kenya-based sanitation solutions provider Sanivation offer refugees various jobs, from manufacturing to sales, across their business operations. Other opportunities to integrate refugees include working with smaller, refugee-owned or refugee-inclusive enterprises through sourcing or sub-contracting work. Building a business. Organizations create, produce, and sell goods and services tailored to refugee communities, often as part of their underserved target markets. These organizations – often smaller businesses – are inspired by a desire to create sustainable, market-based solutions specifically for refugees. For example, Inyenyeri, a Rwanda-based social enterprise, provides an affordable clean cooking solution to both urban and rural communities, including refugee households. Of course, these five pathways are not the only ways for private sector actors to engage. They can, for example, engage in multiple pathways within a given initiative (e.g., by extending services and hiring refugees), launch multiple initiatives, or innovate new pathways beyond those captured in this study. No matter the course, we hope these case studies enable prospective actors to begin strategically examining their potential for engagement in a variety of ways. 26 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE CASE IrisGuard STUDY HELPING REFUGEES ACCESS HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE WITH DIGNITY Overview Company industry: Technology IRISGUARD’S IRIS RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY HAS STREAMLINED THE PROCESS OF REGISTERING AND DELIVERING Year company founded: 2001 SERVICES TO REFUGEES IN JORDAN AND BEYOND. REFUGEES NO Engagement pathway: Sharing LONGER HAVE TO WAIT AT DISTRIBUTION POINTS, ARE FAR LESS capabilities, such as technology SUSCEPTIBLE TO THEFT AND CORRUPTION, AND HAVE MORE or technical expertise, to provide refugees with access to humanitarian AGENCY IN HOW THEY RECEIVE ASSISTANCE. assistance, education, healthcare, and financial services In 2012, Syrian refugees started flowing across the border into Jordan in search of 7 Year started engaging refugees: 2012 a safe haven. Totaling 120,000 refugees in that year alone, Jordan’s small UNHCR office was ill-equipped to manage the influx with its outdated registration Geography of focus: Global system. The unfolding humanitarian crisis drew the attention of Jordanian entrepreneur Imad Malhas. As the co-founder and CEO of IrisGuard, his company had pioneered the use of iris recognition biometric identification technology for applications in national security and banking. Established in 2001, the Jordanian company became the first to use iris scanning and identification at border crossings in Jordan and the United Arab Emirates, as well as for cash withdrawals at ATMs. In 2012, Malhas saw new potential for his technology in supporting refugees. Reaching out to refugees IrisGuard began by meeting with UNHCR and asking about the biggest challenges it faced with refugee registration. UNHCR singled out duplicate registrations, which complicated the identification of refugees among people migrating for other reasons and exacerbated the troubling pattern of individuals taking advantage of refugee vulnerability. Malhas knew iris scanning could streamline the process of registering refugees and help address the persistence of duplicate registrations, which could also improve service delivery. “[IrisGuard’s] technology was in the right place at the right time,” says Malhas. Moreover, IrisGuard’s extensive experience with mass movement of populations in homeland security and border control was a tremendous asset. "Innovation is not To begin its work together, IrisGuard first needed to navigate UNHCR’s important but complex procurement system. IrisGuard was able to offer its technology at just about creating a cost-effective price point, which helped ensure procurement at a local level technology. It is and accelerate the process. In addition, IrisGuard provided systems support, identifying a problem and implementation, and installation services free of charge. developing a solution to IrisGuard’s approach was to transform the slow, paper-based registration process into an efficient, technology-enabled one that would also allow UNHCR, address it." IMAD MALHAS, FOUNDER, IRISGUARD 7 “Syria Regional Refugee Response: Jordan,” UNHCR Operational Data Portal, https://data2.unhcr.org/en/ situations/syria/location/36. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 27 governments, and other relief organizations to serve refugees KEY TAKEAWAYS better. Upon registration, a refugee’s iris scan is assigned a unique number, which UNHCR stores, along with personal data that can TO SHARE CAPABILITIES WITH REFUGEES: be updated in real time to the host servers. ••Work backwards from the problem. Soon after implementation, IrisGuard extended the use of its “Innovation is not just about creating technology,” says Malhas. “It is identifying technology to help distribute aid. Its solutions could provide a problem and developing a solution to refugees access to humanitarian assistance with dignity. Iris address it.” IrisGuard first approached UNHCR recognition allows a refugee to confirm his or her identity when to ask what challenges it faced in refugee withdrawing cash from ATMs or making purchases in retail stores, registration before brainstorming how iris without making personal information available to vendors. It also recognition technology could help. He urges eliminates the utility of “middle men” in the process, who may other companies to think about how their take a cut of the assistance or even bribe refugees to gain access capabilities can improve or support existing to their benefits. resources and programs for the betterment of refugees, and be agile and willing to adjust Based on its initial success, UNHCR expanded the use of their approach as required. IrisGuard’s technology to facilitate the registration of more than ••Be willing to invest your own resources 2.7 million refugees in Jordan and other countries in the region. from the onset. For example, IrisGuard American, Canadian, and British resettlement agencies have all created a mock-up Android phone application used its technology to verify the identity of selected families, and for UNHCR at its own expense before UNHCR ensure the rightful individuals claim resettlement. committed. “This engagement is not for the weak-hearted. It takes time and commitment without an immediate return on one’s Progress to date and looking investment,” says Malhas. “Anyone with cash forward flow problems or tight budget issues should not get involved.” Where businesses do have Today, because of IrisGuard technology, refugees spend less such flexibility, making up-front investments time walking to and waiting for benefits at distribution points. to demonstrate the solution and prove its Meanwhile, the agencies serving refugees save time and cut use case can prompt subsequent customer costs by reducing the need for physical distribution sites and commitments to eventually scale the eliminating transaction fees with local banks. solution. Whereas traditional methods of distributing aid expose refugees TO SUPPORT OTHERS IN SHARING THEIR to exploitation – from those who charge refugees for access to a CAPABILITIES: service that should be free, to those who skim benefits intended ••Provide up-front funding or risk capital for refugees – iris scanning prevents this theft and corruption. that allows a company to make the case The technology also eliminates the need for a card or token, while for their services. IrisGuard was able to wait ensuring the rightful distribution of aid. months for payment on its services, but most start-ups or small businesses may not have Early in 2018, the company signed an agreement with the the same flexibility. Development finance International Finance Corporation to expand IrisGuard institutions, private investors, or donors technology to ATMs and retail stores across Jordan in order to who are willing to provide flexible financing facilitate refugee inclusion. conditions can support these businesses during early operational stages to achieve Moving forward, IrisGuard will expand support into additional success and scale in the long run. areas, such as providing healthcare and financial services to ••Have partnership and procurement individuals via iris scans, and is currently working on an app to policies that support innovation. Currently, connect refugees to various UNHCR extended services. procurement is often a one-size-fits-all process that does not readily serve smaller Malhas notes that IrisGuard’s work with refugees is not profitable companies with more innovative ideas. “If you and is unlikely to be in the future, given the protracted nature want innovation, you have to have innovative of crises and the mobility of refugee populations. Despite this, procurement operations,” says Malhas. “You Malhas sees significant nonmonetary value to IrisGuard serving have to have local budget in the hands of refugees – through the opportunity to improve refugees’ lives, managers who encourage innovation.” The while demonstrating the quality of its technology’s various goal should be quick and flexible deployment applications. And, as an important bonus, IrisGuard can of capital to encourage innovation. eventually extend its experience and knowledge from working with refugees to serve other underserved and unbanked populations worldwide. 28 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE CASE Equity Bank STUDY EXTENDING A COMPANY-WIDE MISSION OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION TO REFUGEES Overview FOR EQUITY BANK, WHICH HAS MADE BANKING AVAILABLE Company industry: Financial Services TO LOW-INCOME FAMILIES IN EAST AFRICA FOR MORE THAN Year company founded: 1984 30 YEARS, REACHING OUT TO REFUGEE GROUPS IS A NATURAL EXTENSION OF ITS FINANCIAL INCLUSION WORK. EQUITY Engagement pathway: Extending services to refugees by adapting BANK NOW PROVIDES BANKING PRODUCTS AND SERVICES current business models to sell goods TO THOUSANDS OF REFUGEES IN NORTHERN KENYA – AND IS or services to them LOOKING TO EXPAND. Year started engaging refugees: 2012 The belief that inclusive financial services can transform lives and livelihoods has Geography of focus: Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda been part of Equity Group Holdings since 1984, when it embarked on a mission to advance socio- economic prosperity in Africa. Equity Bank has since designed its financial products and services for those most in need. To reach low-income families, Equity Bank has eliminated minimum account opening and operating balances. It also extended its retail network, by more deliberately using agent banking – outposts in retail stores or post offices – as well as increasing the number of ATMs and access to mobile banking. Expanding Equity Bank’s reach to refugees was a natural extension of its work. “Extending services to refugees [in Kenya] was a lateral expansion,” says Equity Bank Director–Special Projects Allan Waititu. “It was part of a strategy to become a financially inclusive bank.” Today, Equity Bank serves more than 13 million people in six East African countries, including refugees and other vulnerable communities, making it one of the largest commercial banks in Africa. Reaching out to refugees In 2012, Equity Bank decided to offer financial services to refugees as part of its expansion in Northern Kenya, where it opened branches in Dadaab and Kakuma, two of the country’s largest refugee settlements, home to a total of 380,000 refugees. Equity Bank’s leadership not only supported but also dedicated significant resources to this move, including a team within its Special Projects unit that works on financial inclusion for vulnerable populations such as refugees. Equity Bank started by partnering with UNHCR and World Food Programme (WFP) to facilitate cash-based assistance for refugees by providing them with debit cards that are linked to bank accounts in which aid organizations deposit benefits. Equity Bank then adapted its standard products to the refugee context by creating sub-accounts within refugee accounts to accommodate cash transfers from different humanitarian aid organizations. Now on the ground in refugee communities, Equity Bank has become even more aware of the local needs, regulations, and ways to help. Today, in addition to bank accounts and debit cards, Equity Bank offers refugees access to a range of products, such as personal banking and microcredit, and group savings and lending products (including loans to both households and small businesses). PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 29 By extending low-income family services into KEY TAKEAWAYS refugee populations, Equity Bank not only fosters financial inclusion, but also leverages its existing TO EXTEND YOUR PRODUCTS OR SERVICES TO agent banking, mobile banking, and digitized REFUGEES: services. It has expanded its geographic footprint ••Build on previous experience and expertise to tailor and reach without requiring proportionate physical products to refugees. Businesses must first develop a infrastructure, reaching refugees at scale despite strong understanding of the refugee context and then the challenging circumstances in camps. think about which previous experiences apply. Equity Bank’s initial experience delivering cash assistance with UNHCR and WFP helped it better understand the nuances Progress to date and looking of financial inclusion for refugees. Equity Bank also forward applied knowledge from serving millions of low-income customers, realizing that refugees had similar needs for Equity Bank’s branches in the Dadaab and Kakuma financial services – and faced similar barriers to accessing areas are profitable and sustainable, and serve both them. Equity Bank now relies on existing models, such as refugees and host community members. In Kakuma, agent banking, to reach the last mile of unbanked refugee the branch serves more than 30,000 refugee customers at reduced cost. customers. Equity Bank has 60 banking agents in ••Identify leadership to champion work with refugees the area, with roughly one-third of the outposts and dedicate resources. For businesses to create owned or run by refugees. Beyond these two areas, impact for refugees, they must commit time and effort branches serving refugee populations operate by to serving them. Refugee work fits well within Equity and large at breakeven. Bank’s financial inclusion mission, and benefits from the interest and support of company leadership, including the Equity Bank hopes to continue serving refugees CEO, James Mwangi, who often advises and advocates for and expand opportunities to help them realize doing business with refugees. Mwangi was also recently their full economic potential. For example, Equity appointed to the Economic Advisory Board of IFC, and is a Bank is currently working with the International member of the Overseas Development Institute and the Finance Corporation to design new savings and High Level Panel on Humanitarian Cash Transfers in the UK’s Department for International Development. With microcredit programs. Equity Bank also seeks dedicated resources in the Special Projects unit, Equity to engage more refugees and other unbanked Bank is better able to scale its work with refugees. populations through programs such as financial education and entrepreneurship skills. “Refugees TO SUPPORT BUSINESSES IN EXTENDING THEIR are entrepreneurial,” says Waititu. “A lot of trade PRODUCTS TO REFUGEES: happens within and around camps.” ••Contribute your unique expertise and capabilities through partnerships. NGOs, multilateral organizations, Ultimately, Equity Bank sees refugees as long-term and intermediary organizations can use their positions customers, and advocates for changes, such as and knowledge to help create conducive environments more cash-based assistance, that will help them for businesses to extend their products and services to participate better in the private sector. Equity refugees. Equity Bank credits its success in part to strong Bank also seeks to affect policy changes regarding partnerships that complemented its existing capabilities and expertise, such as its partnership with UNHCR and its identification requirements to access banking and specific knowledge of refugee needs. Currently, Equity Bank government services, which constitute significant is looking for new partners who can supplement its next barriers for refugees, and advocates for further steps with credit risk guarantee funds to support lending innovation – such as digital identity – on their behalf. to refugee-owned businesses, and with financial education and entrepreneurship courses for refugees. ••Advocate for policies that enable refugee economic inclusion. Equity Bank has championed more accommodating regulations, as formal identification requirements to access government and financial services are a major barrier to scaling refugee financial inclusion. Equity Bank has a unique position to advocate for change given its role as a market leader among East African banks. However, it still could use support from others. Aligning with other stakeholders such as development finance institutions, humanitarian organizations, and NGOs will provide the highest chance of success in Equity Bank’s advocacy efforts. 30 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE CASE Luminus Education STUDY Group PREPARING REFUGEES FOR EMPLOYMENT IN JORDAN AND BEYOND Overview LUMINUS EDUCATION IS JORDAN’S FIRST PRIVATE INSTITUTE Company industry: Education TO PROVIDE EMPLOYMENT TRAINING FOR REFUGEE YOUTH. Year company founded: 1999 SEVENTY TO 80 PERCENT OF LUMINUS’S REFUGEE STUDENTS Engagement pathway: Enabling FIND EMPLOYMENT – AND IN SOME SECTORS, LIKE HOSPITALITY, employment, by providing job training ALL OF THEM DO. and/or entrepreneurship support to refugees In 1999, over 30 percent of Jordan’s youth were unemployed8 and there were Year started engaging refugees: 2014 limited opportunities for higher education that could lead to careers. Ibrahim Geography of focus: Jordan Safadi decided to start Luminus Education Group to create a new pathway for Jordan’s young adults–what he calls “education for employment.” For nearly 20 years, this technical and vocational education and training (TVET) company has offered courses and degree programs through Luminus Technical University College (LTUC),9 a vibrant community college serving students who are predominantly low- and middle-income youth. Focused on getting students into the labor market, Luminus works closely with employers to develop its programs, which range from hospitality to cosmetology to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC). It also offers non-technical training in areas such as English, study skills, and life skills, to help set up students for success in their coursework and after graduation. As of 2017, over 40,000 students had graduated from Luminus programs, and the employment placement rate was over 80 percent. Given Luminus’s success in linking students in Jordan to career opportunities, it has received vital support for expansion, including from the government, as well as an $18 million equity investment from the International Finance Corporation and a financial services firm. Reaching out to refugees In 2014, Luminus identified a new demographic in need: young Syrian refugees who were arriving in Jordan in droves. In order to equip them with skills for securing near-term employment in Jordan, and for rebuilding Syria when the conflict ends, Luminus decided to offer refugees half-tuition scholarships for a range of programs. Despite the discount, it received only 20 applications for 100 available spots. To boost applications, Luminus studied the barriers young refugees faced in accessing their programs and developed solutions to overcome them: • For starters, there was the high opportunity cost of the refugees pursuing an education instead of working. In response, Luminus began to offer students the flexibility to work part-time while pursuing their studies. It also provided a stipend for living expenses. 8 “Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24),” The World Bank, https://data.worldbank. org/indicator/ SL.UEM.1524.ZS?end=2017&start=1999. 9 “Luminus: Transforming Vocational Education in Jordan (Case Study: Educating Students for Jobs, Stability, and Growth),” International Finance Corporation, January 2018, https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/ c4baba94-08cf- 445a-8093-bb38f0e84ec5/CaseStudy_Luminus_Cover_FINAL2.pdf?MOD=AJPERES. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 31 • To alleviate the identified challenges of getting to the campus, KEY TAKEAWAYS Luminus began providing transportation from refugee camps. • Many refugees, especially women, had family and other TO ENABLE EMPLOYMENT FOR REFUGEES: personal commitments. Luminus offered additional counseling ••Invest deeply in understanding the local job and support, employing advisors who were often also Syrian to market. “We need to be careful we don’t train help students navigate personal as well as academic matters. for the sake of training,” says Ayman Maqableh, • To align with the culture and values of the Syrian refugee dean of LTUC. That has meant monitoring community, which often prioritized skills over academics, which local industries and employers are Luminus adjusted its marketing outreach and academic growing and hiring, and adapting its focus counseling to emphasize the connection between its curriculum accordingly. Luminus has developed staff and better work opportunities. members’ skill sets in building and nurturing employer relationships, and devotes • And since many refugees did not know about the program, considerable staff time to such efforts. Luminus Luminus worked with organizations such as UNHCR, USAID, also has invested in commissioning studies of and UNESCO to spread awareness and recruit students. the local job market. Addressing these barriers enabled Luminus to reach and serve Syrian ••Adjust offerings to accommodate the refugees more successfully. When refugees are then ready to find differential barriers refugees face. Luminus’s work, Luminus’s Employment Hub helps them find companies that original model was out of reach for many are hiring and prepare for interviews. Students who prefer to start refugees given the opportunity costs, as well their own businesses can apply for Luminus’s start-up accelerator, as transportation challenges and personal ShamalStart, which offers both capital and support to entrepreneurs. commitments. Cultural differences further limited the model’s appeal. Only after deeply To reach more refugees through its programs that support refugees’ engaging with the local refugee communities education and employment, Luminus Education matches and to understand those barriers – and then leverages donor funding through Luminus Foundation. tailoring the program around them – was Luminus able to break through with this Progress to date and looking forward population. Since 2014, Luminus has raised a cumulative $37 million, including TO SUPPORT PRIVATE SECTOR ACTORS’ additional funds from the European Union, the Abdulla Al Ghurair REFUGEE EMPLOYMENT EFFORTS: Foundation for Education, and other foundations and development ••Advocate for public policies that support organizations, to introduce full-tuition scholarships and expand the refugee employment. Relaxing government restrictions on refugees, specifically around program to train thousands of refugees. With this support, Luminus freedom of movement and permitted fields of has given scholarships to more than 4,500 refugee students work, proved essential to Luminus’s success and graduated more than 1,000. Across all programs for refugee in enrolling refugees and matching them students, 70 to 80 percent of graduates have found jobs10 with with employment opportunities. Yet not all Luminus’s support. companies can pursue advocacy work directly, as Luminus did. Other actors, including larger In addition, ShamalStart has helped Syrian refugees launch multiple corporations and international organizations, start-ups, including some with missions to create livelihood can work with the government to foster a opportunities for other Syrian refugees. Luminus also has expanded supportive policy environment and provide its efforts to support other underserved populations, including a critical momentum for refugee employment. recent larger commitment to Palestinian refugees. ••Help orient private sector actors to the Luminus continues to identify and address barriers to serving local refugee context. Gaining familiarity with the refugee community allowed refugees. For example, the Jordanian government limits when and Luminus to connect with and adapt its TVET how often refugees can leave camps, which interferes with class offering to this population. Luminus has also attendance. In response, Luminus successfully lobbied to loosen started convening stakeholders to share its some of the restrictions. Similarly, the Jordanian government understanding of refugee opportunities and only allows refugees to work in specific fields, such as hospitality market constraints with other private sector and HVAC. To expand work prospects for its students, Luminus is actors and encourage their engagement. lobbying the government to add more industries. International aid agencies, such as UNHCR, local NGOs, and others working closely with refugees, can share insights and facilitate introductions to refugee communities to help reduce the learning curve in understanding 10 “Market-Friendly Education for Jordan’s Youth Earns High Marks, International Finance Committee,” International Finance refugee education and employment needs. Corporation, March 2018, https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/ news_ext_content/ ifc_external_corporate_site/news+and+events/ news/impact-stories/luminus-education-jordan. 32 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE CASE Sanivation STUDY PROVIDING A RANGE OF EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR REFUGEES Overview SANIVATION IS USING AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO BRING Company industry: Sanitation MORE HYGIENIC SANITATION SOLUTIONS AND CLEANER FUEL Year company founded: 2014 ALTERNATIVES TO REFUGEE COMMUNITIES, WHILE ALSO PROVIDING A RANGE OF EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, FROM Engagement pathway: Integrating into value chains, through direct hiring MANUFACTURING TO SALES. of refugees or through sourcing or sub- contracting relationships When Andrew Foote and Emily Woods began researching global sanitation Year started engaging refugees: 2014 issues, they uncovered some startling statistics: approximately 4.5 billion people Geography of focus: Kenya live in communities without safely managed sanitation,11 and in some countries, as much as 95 percent of waste is disposed of without being treated.12 Inadequate sanitation services pose a major health risk to communities, especially children for whom diarrheal diseases are a common cause of death. The risks are particularly acute in refugee camps, which often grow overcrowded and become long-term homes without the necessary infrastructure. In 2014, Foote and Woods launched Sanivation, which tackles this massive hygiene problem by turning human waste into fuel and engaging refugees in the solution by offering them jobs across the value chain. Reaching out to refugees From pilot to permanent model. In 2013, Foote and Woods received a grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to develop and pilot an end-to-end sanitation system in Kenya’s Kakuma refugee camp. Kakuma is home to nearly 190,000 refugees and asylum seekers from South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia. Through the pilot, Sanivation installed 30 container-based toilets. Maintenance workers regularly emptied these toilet containers and transported the waste to a treatment facility. The pilot worked, replacing problematic pit latrines with an easier and more hygienic solution. In 2016, Sanivation received funding from UNHCR to implement 250 toilets in Kakuma, which served about 1,250 refugees. At the same time, Sanivation discovered the potential to extend its model further – after collection, transportation, and treatment, waste can be converted into solid fuel in the form of briquettes to then sell for cooking and heating homes. After receiving a waste-to-value award from UNHCR, the organization was able to add briquette manufacturing to its operations. The resulting low-cost briquettes offer a supplement to the firewood that UNHCR provides, and a better alternative to charcoal or additional firewood. The briquettes produce less smoke pollution, and cook food more quickly and evenly. 11 Martin Gambrill, “Half the world away? Fecal sludge and septage treatment in low and middle income countries,” The World Bank Water Blog, August 20, 2018, http://blogs.worldbank.org/water/half-world-away- fecal-sludge-and- septage-treatment-low-and-middle-income-countries. 12 “Transforming Waste to Fuel and Creating Healthier Communities,” CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ stories/ transforming_waste_to_fuel.html PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 33 Through a subcontract with the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), a KEY TAKEAWAYS partner of UNHCR, Sanivation continues to provide sanitation services to a portion of Kakuma residents. In 2017, the organization received an TO INTEGRATE REFUGEES INTO YOUR additional contract to scale toilet operations to 500 toilets, serving VALUE CHAIN: 2,500 refugees. ••Focus on matching refugees with the right jobs to meet business needs. For Employing refugees. The core of Sanivation’s model is employing example, Sanivation has found that women refugees in every step of its value chain. Specifically, refugees: are a strong match for sales teams because • Produce the container-based toilets; they are familiar with the community and • Perform maintenance on toilets and transport waste to the have shared the experience of collecting treatment facility; firewood with their prospective customers. “I think that there’s some value and • Run the facility where waste is converted into fuel (under the sustainability and appreciation for the guidance of a local supervisor); and services if they’re also delivered by refugees • Sell the resulting briquettes to families living in the camp, primarily themselves,” says Bohnert. through a sales force made up of women, as well as to small ••Explore multiple channels to recruit businesses outside of the camp. refugees for employment. Sanivation Such employment gives refugees an important boost. “I think it allows found employees through three channels: them to have dignity in their roles and gives them a little bit more public notice, community members and independence and autonomy,” says Sanivation’s Business Development leaders, and recommendations from Lead Kate Bohnert. UNHCR and local NGOs. Of these channels, the last was the most valuable, which To find its employees, Sanivation put a public notice in the camp bulletin highlights the importance of developing and collected word-of-mouth recommendations from local contacts relationships with local organizations and and leaders. Additionally, it collected recommendations from UNHCR pursuing multiple recruitment paths. and local NGOs. These recommendations were especially helpful in hiring for skilled positions and yielded employees who have stayed with TO SUPPORT BUSINESSES IN INTEGRATING REFUGEES INTO THE the company the longest. VALUE CHAIN: Many camps have caps on salaries that can be paid to refugees. To help ••Invest in developing clear policies and avoid attrition and distinguish between different roles and levels of frameworks for partnering. Sanivation’s seniority, Sanivation provides non-salary benefits: transportation (for work with UNHCR and NRC evolved in an example, providing bicycles to employees), meals, cellphone airtime, ad hoc way. Now, Sanivation is working to develop a more sustainable path to serving time off, and fuel. and employing refugees. As Sanivation Engaging the host community. Sanivation has also taken care to build Director of Humanitarian Programs Diego relationships with Kakuma town. The team intentionally reaches out Hakspiel notes, there is a need for more to the community, procures supplies locally, and employs non-refugee clarity on policies and standards – as well as a larger set of options – around contracting locals in sales and supervisory roles. and private sector partnerships, to enable Involving the host community has helped build good will. Bohnert long-term engagement by private sector notes: “…[we’re] showing them that we can provide stable jobs not only actors. for refugees but also for the host community.” ••Compile and share information on refugee work experience and skill sets. Progress to date and looking forward Sanivation has had great success with hiring employees referred to them by the To date, Sanivation has employed 22 refugees across its value chain. UNHCR and other organizations. “There With an initial investment of around $1 million, including grant-based are many trained refugees with useful skills support, 2,500–3,000 refugees have access to Sanivation’s toilets. and knowledge, but there’s no database In the last year, the organization has sold over 35 tons of fuel to up to in the camp we can use to learn this,” says 10,000 customers, and is on track to achieve financial sustainability in Hakspiel. “It would be interesting to see the near future. livelihoods and registration data that is collected on refugees living in camps.” Such Sanivation plans to expand in Kakuma to reach 10,000–20,000 a database could collect refugee skill sets, people over the next year. Additionally, it aims to build a treatment training records, and employment history. facility closer to Kakuma camp that can also serve Kakuma town. This expansion will require an investment of $500,000–$1 million and will bring employment opportunities to more than 100 people. By 2020, Sanivation hopes to deliver improved sanitation to one million people, potentially by expanding into additional camps across East Africa. 34 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE CASE Inyenyeri STUDY CREATING A BUSINESS TO IMPROVE THE LIVES OF REFUGEES IN RWANDA Overview INYENYERI’S INNOVATIVE CLEAN COOKING SYSTEM ADDRESSES Company industry: Energy COOKING NEEDS, HOUSEHOLD AIR POLLUTION, AND FUEL Year company founded: 2010 EFFICIENCY ISSUES IN REFUGEE HOMES IN RWANDA. THIS Engagement pathway: Building a AFFORDABLE, MARKET- BASED SOLUTION AIMS TO REACH 3,500 business by selling goods and services HOUSEHOLDS IN KIGEME CAMP AND PLANS TO START EXPANSION tailored to refugees INTO SEVERAL OTHER CAMPS IN RWANDA IN 2019. Year started engaging refugees: 2016 In refugee camps and in many low-income households around the world, families Geography of focus: Rwanda rely on traditional cookstoves that produce harmful smoke and require large inputs of wood and coal to operate. These cookstoves endanger users’ health and safety; exposure to smoke from traditional cookstoves leads to illness and is associated with nearly four million premature deaths each year.13 Recognizing these struggles, Inyenyeri, a Rwandan social enterprise founded in 2010, brings alternative cooking methods to Rwandan homes. Its unique solution is a Fuel+Stove system, which centers on one of the world’s cleanest biomass cookstoves available and subscriptions to biomass fuel pellets. This system is cleaner, more affordable, and, in consuming far less biomass, more efficient than traditional cooking solutions. The use of Inyenyeri’s ultra-clean cookstove and biomass fuel pellets reduces household air pollution, which can cause child pneumonia, lung cancer, heart disease, and other health issues. It also saves families up to four hours a day on cooking-related activities – time that can be spent on education and income-generating activities. For the women and girls who collect most of the firewood, cooking with Inyenyeri’s system also reduces the risk of gender-based violence during collection trips. Inyenyeri saw the potential for its model to improve the lives of underserved communities across Rwanda – including those in refugee camps. Building a model to aid underserved populations Inyenyeri’s business model takes a two-pronged approach. First, in rural communities, individuals gather wood and deposit it at Inyenyeri collection hubs. From there, the wood is transported to a factory that converts it into pellets. In exchange for the wood they have gathered, Inyenyeri provides these individuals with a free lease of the cookstove and with fuel pellets with which to cook their meals. With the more efficient cooking system, they have to collect only about half as much wood as they did previously to receive enough pellets to meet their household’s cooking needs. In urban communities, Inyenyeri sells the remaining pellets to subscribers from low-income households, who also receive the free cookstove leases and regular pellet deliveries at a price point lower than cooking with charcoal. Inyenyeri also offers free lifetime repair and replacement of stoves, as well as in-home trainings and free home delivery. 13 “Impact Areas,” Clean Cooking Alliance, http://cleancookstoves.org/impact-areas/. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 35 Reaching out to refugees KEY TAKEAWAYS In 2016, Inyenyeri Project Manager Suzanna Huber met Jakob Oster, TO RUN A REFUGEE-INCLUSIVE a livelihoods officer at UNHCR. At the time, UNHCR’s Rwanda office BUSINESS: was interested in transitioning from in-kind aid, like firewood, to cash ••Start small and learn from experience. assistance for refugees. Inyenyeri started with a small, 100-household pilot in order to gauge “Within that context, we saw an opportunity to work together and demand for its services. A long waitlist provide the refugees with clean fuel,” says Amber Bloomer, Inyenyeri’s quickly formed, which revealed the director of grant and donor partnerships. potential for scaling. Starting small also informed Inyenyeri’s plans for scaling, Together, Inyenyeri and UNHCR identified Kigeme Camp, located in such as how many customer service Rwanda’s southern province and home to nearly 20,000 Congolese representatives to hire (to ensure the right refugees, as a pilot site. ratio of representatives to subscribed refugee households) and how to run a shop In October of 2016, Inyenyeri opened up shop, piloting a model – first inside a refugee camp. for 100 families, then 300 families – whereby each family received a free cookstove lease in exchange for signing up for a paid pellet ••Invest in understanding refugees’ subscription. UNHCR now provides households with the option to economic and environmental context. Inyenyeri chose Kigeme due to its cash receive unconditional cash transfers instead of firewood to cook their assistance program, as a camp with food. Based on an assessment conducted before the scale-up, the primarily in-kind aid would have limited amount of cash offered to each household is exactly enough to cook refugees’ ability to pay for pellets. Inyenyeri with the Inyenyeri Fuel+Stove system. According to Bloomer, Inyenyeri also examined whether a sufficient and was the first for-profit company in Rwanda to open up a shop inside a accessible natural source of cooking fuel refugee camp. already existed, such as nearby forests, or if refugees would be looking for an As part of its work in Kigeme, Inyenyeri has hired more than 20 refugees alternative. As it looks to expand to other as customer service representatives. Refugees manage the shop, camps, Inyenyeri is similarly looking to market and sell stoves, train others to properly use the stoves, track understand local contexts, including data on usage and sales using smartphones, and provide ongoing refugee purchasing power, product demand, support. and physical environments. TO SUPPORT REFUGEE-INCLUSIVE Progress to date and looking forward BUSINESSES: To date, 1,700 households in Kigeme Camp have received Inyenyeri ••Foster a small business-friendly market cookstoves and are purchasing pellets. Inyenyeri has also seen high environment. Consider flexing policies or practices in ways that allow small uptake and customer retention: 99 percent of all the households signed businesses to compete for refugee business. up are still participating in the program. It is currently scaling more For example, by shifting from providing broadly within the camp, and aims to offer its cooking system to 3,500 wood to the more flexible cash assistance households by May 2019. model, UNHCR made space for Inyenyeri to become a partial source of cooking fuel for The company’s model – including the cookstoves – is being supported to refugees. Aid agencies can encourage small scale by a set of donors, as well as the revenue from its pellet sales. The business involvement by similarly moving UNHCR cash assistance to refugees is still a fundamental component away from in-kind aid or contracting a of the work. single organization to provide services or products camp-wide. While Inyenyeri is not yet breaking even, it expects to become financially sustainable as it scales up the business, including expanding to serve ••Provide short-term funding/capital as host communities near camps and building new pellet production companies work toward sustainability. Ultimately, Inyenyeri seeks to reach factories. As it learns from its work and success in Kigeme Camp, the profitability in serving customers, but company is exploring expansion into the five other camps in Rwanda, getting to that point requires early with plans to start in 2019. support. For example, as Inyenyeri scales its operations, it can further bring down costs by building pellet production facilities closer to Kigeme Camp. Funders who provide flexible up-front capital can help businesses serve refugees at an affordable price point and still scale to reach financial sustainability. 36 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE Appendices Appendix A: List of private sector initiatives 38 Appendix B: Detailed database of private sector initiatives 42 Appendix C: Analysis of the private sector initiatives database 68 Appendix D: Results from survey of private sector actors 70 Instructors make meal chairs in the Welding Department at Don Bosco Technical Institute in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kakuma, Kenya. © Dominic Chavez/IFC PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 37 Appendix A: List of private sector initiatives Anchor Private Actor: Initiative Note: Initiatives are listed by the private sector actor who provided input for this study. See Appendix B for detail on each initiative. acciona.org-Iberdrola-Signify: Alianza Shire adidas: Social integration in Sanliurfa–Turkiye ARED: Shiriki Hub Airbnb: Livelihoods pilot Airbnb: Open Homes project Airtel Uganda: Mobile communication services for refugees Airtel Uganda: Humanitarian cash transfers Arab Printing Press: Books for Syrian refugees Asili Boston Consulting Group: Support for Syrian refugees through a modality effectiveness evaluation BrainPOP: Development of tablet-based educational content BRCK Limited: Digital education for refugee children Cisco: Refugee First Response Center Cisco: Be the Bridge campaign Citigroup: Citi Foundation Pathways to Progress–Rescuing Futures Cotopaxi: Support for nonprofits serving refugees Coursera for Refugees d.light: Solar energy for refugees Energias de Portugal: Bringing renewable energy to Kakuma refugee camp Equity Bank: Financial services for refugees and host communities Equity Bank: Cash assistance delivery Eurelectric: Partnership with UNHCR for sustainable and clean energy for refugees Forrerah: Refugee training and employment Funzi: Mobile learning platform for refugees Google.org: Support to UNHCR for delivery of quality education Google.org: Support for the Clooney Foundation for Justice Google.org: Support for War Child Holland GroFin: Nomou Jordan Fund H&M Foundation: Support for education of refugee children 38 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE IBM: Impact grants to nonprofit organizations working with refugees IBM: Apps for social good - People on the Move IKEA: Social entrepreneur initiative IKEA Foundation: Funding and in-kind donations to UNHCR IKEA Foundation: Support of Ground Truth Solutions IKEA Foundation: Partnership with MSF and Save the Children to support Syrian refugee families IKEA Foundation: Brighter Lives for Refugees Campaign IKEA Foundation: Better Shelter IKEA Foundation: Support of War Child’s Can’t Wait to Learn Program Inkomoko: Support for refugee entrepreneurs Inyenyeri IrisGuard: EyeCloud refugee registration ITWORX: E-learning for Syrian refugee children ITWORX: Learning Beyond School Campus Johnson & Johnson: Partnership with Aga Khan Development Network Johnson & Johnson: Partnership with Save the Children to support Syrian refugees Johnson & Johnson: Partnership with International Pediatric Association Kaah International Microfinance Services (KIMS): Micro and SME loan products targeting refugee returnees KOIS: Development Impact Bond for Syrian refugee and host community livelihoods Kytabu LEGO Foundation: Play box donation LEGO Foundation: Educate a Child Luminus Education: Support for refugee students Mastercard Aid Network Mastercard: Partnership with World Food Programme on E-card program Mastercard: Prepaid cards for refugees Mastercard: Debit cards for refugees Mastercard: Partnership with Western Union for exploring digital services model for refugee camps Mastercard: Partnership with African Entrepreneur Collective PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 39 Mastercard: Smart Communities Coalition McKinsey: Pro bono support of education for Syrian refugees Microsoft: TV White Space initiative Microsoft: Support of No Lost Generation Tech Taskforce Microsoft: AI for Humanitarian Action Microsoft: Partnership with UNICEF for refugee children education and protection Microsoft: Partnership with UNHCR Microsoft: Decent Jobs for Youth global initiative Microsoft: Support of NetHope member nonprofits Microsoft: Supporting psychosocial needs of refugee youth through Youth Learning Spaces Microsoft: Local nonprofit partnerships Microsoft: Support for Signpost (formerly Refugee.Info) MBC: Support for refugee engagement NaTakallam Nova Credit: Cross-border credit reporting agency Novo Nordisk Foundation: Partnership with UNICEF to support refugees and host communities in Jordan Pearson: Every Child Learning PowerGen: Dadaab refugee camp solar water pumping system PUMA: Promotion of Syrian refugee employment Refugee Investment Network RELX Group: Supporting second language skills for Syrian refugees SafePorts: Refugee employment commitment Sanivation SEP Jordan: Hiring refugee artisan women Soros Economic Development Fund: Impact investment in refugee-impacting businesses Taqanu: Blockchain based identity Tazweed Center hypermarkets in refugee camps Tazweed Ventures: Support services for human relief contracts and logistics Technology for Tomorrow: MakaPads 40 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE TOMS: Shoes for refugee children Toptal: TopVolunteer with refugee-focused NGOs TripAdvisor: Support of NGO work in humanitarian refugee crisis response TripAdvisor: Support for Signpost (formerly Refugee.Info) Twilio: SMS technology to empower refugees Unilever: Vaseline Healing Project Unilever: Skills and job training through local NGOs Unilever: Smile with Us UNIQLO: Support for UNHCR self-reliance and livelihood program Yadawee: Collaboration with refugee women artisan group Nilfurat Zain: Support of Yida and Ajuang Thok refugee camp Zain: Family Reconnection Project Zain: Mobile services for refugees Zain: Partnership with UNHCR and Facebook for Wi-Fi connectivity Zain: Support of Saudi national campaign to support brothers in Syria Zain: Donate a Jacket program Zain: Innovate for Refugees initiative Zain: ReBootKAMP Zain: RE: Coded Kids Training Zain Kuwait field visit to Jordan Zain Kuwait partnership with UNHCR Zain Kuwait KRCS Ramadan Campaign Zain Cash PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 41 Appendix B: Detailed database of private sector initiatives ACCIONA.ORG, IBERDROLA, SIGNIFY ENERGY Initiative: Alianza Shire Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Created a public-private Key Implementers: acciona.org Foundation, Signify, partnership designed as an innovation Iberdrola, Technical University of Madrid’s Innovation platform for developing sustainable & Technology for Development Center (idtUPM), solutions to improve energy supply Spanish Agency for International Development services and quality of life in refugee Cooperation (AECID), European Union, UNHCR camps and host communities. Geographic Focus: Ethiopia Year Started: 2014 Size of Investment: $5.8 million Reach: Benefited 8,000 people living in four refugee camps in Shire, Ethiopia. Aims to improve living conditions for 25,000 refugees and install 1,700 third- generation solar home systems in the future ADIDAS RETAIL Initiative: Social integration in Sanliurfa - Turkiye Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Provided funding for and Key Implementers: adidas, Turkey’s Ministry of Labor assisted with the development of various and Ministry of Youth and Sports, Genç Hayat activity classes in eight local schools in Geographic Focus: Turkey Urfa with large Syrian refugee populations Year Started: 2017 to facilitate social integration between Syrian and host community children. Size of Investment: $56,500 (€50,000 Euro) in total investment Reach: Reached 4,000 Syrian refugee and host community children who participated in activity classes AFRICA RENEWABLE ENERGY DISTRIBUTOR (ARED) ENERGY Initiative: Shiriki Hub Engagement Pathway: Integrating into value chains Description: Implements solar kiosks Key Implementers: ARED, Rwanda Red Cross that provide phone charging services Geographic Focus: Rwanda and access to the internet to Burundian Year Started: 2015 refugees living in camps. In addition, it employs refugees, with a focus on Size of Investment: $960,000 women, as franchisees and operators of Reach: Reached more than 9,000 refugees, both these hubs to support income generation. directly (through employment) and indirectly (as customers of services provided through hubs) AIRBNB TRAVEL Initiative: Livelihoods pilot Engagement Pathway: Integrating into value chains Description: Developed program in Key Implementers: Airbnb partnership with local social enterprises Geographic Focus: Jordan and NGOs to employ refugees as Year Started: 2017 “experience hosts” for travelers, potentially providing pathways for them to access work permits. Note: Initiatives are listed by anchor private sector actor. ‘Engagement Pathway’ represents the primary way the anchor private sector actor is engaging, although other pathways might apply. ‘Geographic Focus’ designates the initiative’s regions or countries of focus that are within this study’s scope—Africa and the Middle East; if provided, we have noted other countries where the initiative is focused in parentheses. 42 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE AIRBNB TRAVEL Initiative: Open Homes project Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Developed program and Key Implementers: Airbnb, Help Refugees, platform to connect existing Airbnb hosts International Rescue Committee both to refugee families to provide short- Geographic Focus: Global term housing, as well as to host relief Year Started: 2017 workers through a travel credits program, in coordination with refugee relief organizations workers through a travel credits program. AIRTEL UGANDA TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: Mobile communication services for refugees Engagement Pathway: Extending services Description: Provides mobile voice, Key Implementers: Airtel Uganda, UNHCR 3G/4G data, and mobile financial services Geographic Focus: Uganda to refugee populations to help create Year Started: 2017 positive impact on their lives. This has included the development of 11 new cell Size of Investment: $3,000,000 capital expenditure, sites to extend coverage across refugee plus $100,000 in ongoing monthly operating costs settlements, establishment of local resource teams (e.g., agents, kiosks, distributors), and select distribution of free SIM cards to refugees to facilitate access to services. AIRTEL UGANDA TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: Humanitarian cash transfers Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Facilitates the delivery of Key Implementers: Airtel Uganda, Mercy Corps, humanitarian cash transfers to refugees DanChurchAid, Norwegian Refugee Council in refugee settlements using its mobile Geographic Focus: Uganda money bulk payment service. Year Started: 2017 Reach: Reaches more than 12,000 refugees ARAB PRINTING PRESS MEDIA Initiative: Books for Syrian refugees Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Prints books at cost for Key Implementers: Arab Printing Press Syrian refugee children living in Lebanon. Geographic Focus: Middle East and North Africa, Lebanon Year Started: 2016 Reach: Printed more than 1 million books ASILI HEALTHCARE/PHARMACEUTICALS Initiative: Asili Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides medical care, Key Implementers: IDEO.org, American Refugee water, agricultural resources, and Committee, USAID employment opportunities to refugees, Geographic Focus: Democratic Republic of Congo displaced persons, and host communities. (Kabare region) Year Started: 2014 Reach: Served more than 25,000 refugees PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 43 BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP PROFESSIONAL Initiative: Support for Syrian refugees - Modality effectiveness evaluation Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Collaborates with WFP Key Implementers: Mastercard, World Food to test the effectiveness of different Programme (WFP), UNHCR assistance modalities – such as Geographic Focus: Jordan, Lebanon unrestricted cash vs. food-restricted value Year Started: 2016 vouchers – to support Syrian refugees living in host communities in Jordan and Reach: Reached more than 3,000 families Lebanon. BRAINPOP EDUCATION Initiative: Development of tablet-based educational content Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Developed tablet-based Key Implementers: BrainPOP, UNHCR educational content for refugee children Geographic Focus: Kenya (also Malaysia) in Malaysia, covering core content as well Year Started: 2013 as English, and provided initial training in use of content; extended work to the Dadaab refugee settlement in Kenya through the UNHCR and Vodafone Foundation’s ‘Instant Network Schools’ initiative. BRCK LIMITED TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Digital education for refugee children Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides digital access and Key Implementers: BRCK Limited, Norwegian develops digital education content for Refugee Council children, youth and women in refugee Geographic Focus: Kenya camps, including the deployment of Kio Year Started: 2016 Kits to the Dadaab and Kakuma Camps in Kenya. CISCO TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Refugee First Response Center Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Implements Refugee Key Implementers: Cisco, Lebanon’s Ministry of First Response Center in Lebanon to Health, Beyond Association provide medical care (including virtual Geographic Focus: Lebanon psychosocial services), access to internet Year Started: 2015 and translation services to refugees. Size of Investment: $125,000 CISCO TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Be the Bridge Campaign Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Matched employee Key Implementers: Cisco donations in an annual giving campaign, Geographic Focus: Global which supported organizations Year Started: 2015 responding to refugee crisis. Size of Investment: $740,000 in 2015 Reach: Supported 40 organizations in 2015 44 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE CITIGROUP FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Citi Foundation Pathways to Progress - Rescuing Futures Engagement Pathway: Enabling employment Description: Launched a 2-year project Key Implementers: Citi Foundation, International that provides business training and start- Rescue Committee up grants to help young people (refugees, Geographic Focus: Jordan, Nigeria IDPs, and vulnerable youth from host Year Started: 2017 communities ages 16-24) start their own businesses, in order to generate reliable Size of Investment: $2 million income and contribute to their local Reach: Will support more than 1,000 youth economies. COTOPAXI RETAIL Initiative: Support for nonprofits serving refugees Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Supports health, education Key Implementers: Cotopaxi, International Rescue and livelihoods initiatives for refugees by Committee, Nothing But Nets providing funding, volunteerism and job Geographic Focus: Middle East, with a focus on creation. Syria’s neighboring countries, Sub-Saharan Africa (also Latin America, Europe) Year Started: 2014 COURSERA EDUCATION Initiative: Coursera for Refugees Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides free access to the Key Implementers: Coursera entire Coursera catalog of courses for all Geographic Focus: Global refugees, along with support services, Year Started: 2016 by working with 24 program partner organizations – including governments Reach: Reached more than 18,000 refugees in 110 and nonprofits – to ensure the program countries, who have taken more than 80,000 courses reaches as many refugees as possible. D.LIGHT ENERGY Initiative: Solar energy for refugees Engagement Pathway: Building a business Description: Provides affordable solar- Key Implementers: d.light, Crossroads Foundation powered lanterns to South Sudanese Geographic Focus: Uganda refugees in Ugandan refugee camps (as Year Started: 2016 well as Syrian refugees in camps in Greece) in order to increase their health, safety, Size of Investment: $25,000 productivity, and educational prospects. Reach: Provided 3,000 South Sudanese refugee households in the Palabek camp in Northern Uganda with a solar- powered portable lantern (the d.light S2) ENERGIAS DE PORTUGAL ENERGY Initiative: Bringing renewable energy to Kakuma refugee camp Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Implemented multiple Key Implementers: Energias de Portugal, UNHCR, projects using solar energy – including to HELPIN power lighting, schools, hospitals, streets, Geographic Focus: Kenya cookers, water pumps, and small scale Year Started: 2009 agriculture – in Kakuma refugee camp, and provided technical training sessions Size of Investment: $1.8 million (€1.3 million) in non- to refugees. refundable social up- front investment Reach: Served 75,000 refugees PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 45 EQUITY BANK FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Financial services for refugees and host communities Engagement Pathway: Extending services Description: Serves host community, Key Implementers: Equity Bank refugees, and aid workers via its branches Geographic Focus: Kenya in Kakuma and Dadaab, providing range Year Started: 2012 of products including personal banking, savings, microcredit and loans. Reach: 86,000 accounts opened EQUITY BANK FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Cash assistance delivery Engagement Pathway: Extending services Description: Serves as cash payment Key Implementers: Equity Bank vendor for World Food Programme and Geographic Focus: Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda UNHCR, facilitating cash-based transfers Year Started: 2012 from aid agencies to refugees. EURELECTRIC ENERGY Initiative: Partnership with UNHCR for sustainable and clean energy for refugees Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides technical support Key Implementers: Eurelectric, Energias de Portugal, – including technical analysis, design and Engie, Iberdrola, Enel, A2A, UNHCR other support – for the expansion of clean Geographic Focus: Kenya (to extend to other UNHCR energy systems. countries of operations) Year Started: 2017 FORRERAH PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Initiative: Refugee training and employment Engagement Pathway: Integrating into value chains Description: Recruits, trains and employs Key Implementers: Forrerah, UNHCR, Refuge Egypt refugee workers – with support from Geographic Focus: Middle East and North Africa UNHCR and Refuge Egypt – to provide Year Started: 2016 quality home and corporate services through an internet-based system; offers Size of Investment: $200,000 refugee workers competitive packages, insurance and decent working conditions and fair wage rates. FUNZI EDUCATION Initiative: Mobile learning platform for refugees Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides a scalable and Key Implementers: Funzi cost- effective tool for training, capacity Geographic Focus: Middle East and North Africa, building, and outreach. Funzi provides a Libya, Syria multilingual, mobile learning platform to Year Started: 2014 facilitate the development and delivery of free courses to displaced people, Size of Investment: $1.5 million covering themes of livelihoods, health Reach: Conducted outreach to more than 3 million and wellness, global citizenship, and in refugees in the Middle East, resulting in 300,000 particular, migration (to help settle into course starts and 30,000 course completions, their new living environment). through work with NGOs, UN organizations, and government and private sector partners 46 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE GOOGLE.ORG TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Support for UNHCR delivery of quality education Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Provides funding to Key Implementers: Google.org, UNHCR, Learning UNHCR to support the development and Equality deployment of technology (including a Geographic Focus: Middle East and North Africa, Sub- digital platform and learning tools), best Saharan Africa practices and learning materials/content Year Started: 2015 for both delivering quality educations to refugee learners and identifying an Size of Investment: $4 million approach for others to replicate. GOOGLE.ORG TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Support for the Clooney Foundation for Justice Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Provides funding and Key Implementers: Google.org, Clooney Foundation volunteer technical experience (on- for Justice the-ground and remote) to support Geographic Focus: Lebanon the Clooney Foundation for Justice Year Started: 2016 in increasing access to education for refugees in Lebanon. Size of Investment: $1 million GOOGLE.ORG TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Support for War Child Holland Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Provides funding and Key Implementers: Google.org, War Child Holland volunteer technical expertise to support Geographic Focus: Jordan, Lebanon, Sudan the development and scale of War Child Year Started: 2016 Holland’s Can’t Wait to Lean program, which uses tablet-based educational Size of Investment: $2.5 million games to reach children living in conflict zones and informal refugee settings. GROFIN FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Nomou Jordan Fund Engagement Pathway: Enabling employment Description: Committed to investing $5M Key Implementers: GroFin over two years in SMEs in Jordan that are Geographic Focus: Jordan either owned by or employ refugees, in Year Started: 2013 addition to providing business support to these organizations at pre-finance and Size of Investment: $5 million post-finance stages. Reach: Served 8 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan that are owned by or employ refugees H&M RETAIL Initiative: Support for education of refugee children Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Conducted a global holiday Key Implementers: H&M Foundation, UNHCR campaign across 4,000 H&M stores that Geographic Focus: Chad, Ethiopia, Iran, Kenya, resulted in a donation of $3.3M to UNHCR, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Uganda, Yemen in order to provide refugee children with (also Malaysia, Pakistan) the school supplies (including textbooks Year Started: 2016 and stationery) they need to go to and stay in school. Size of Investment: $3.3 million in total donations Reach: Reached 500,000 children by 2019 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 47 IBM TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Impact grants to nonprofit organizations working with refugees Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Developed a cognitive Key Implementers: IBM, Danish Refugee Council solution to help track population Geographic Focus: Africa, Middle East, Syria movement over time, allowing for Year Started: 2015 improved humanitarian planning and response. Size of Investment: $300,000 Reach: Benefited over 10,000 refugees by helping better plan for services and supports for arriving refugees IBM TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Apps for social good - People on the Move Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Designed mobile apps for Key Implementers: IBM, MSF (Doctors without Italian NGOs to help implement better Borders) health interventions based on data and Geographic Focus: Africa, Middle East analytics, and track the medical data Year Started: 2016 of refugees and migrants in real-time, regardless of connectivity. Size of Investment: $150,000 Reach: Captured medical data for 20,000 refugees, allowing for better medical care and targeted services as they migrate from one location to another IKEA RETAIL Initiative: Social Entrepreneur Initiative Engagement Pathway: Integrating into value chains Description: Employs refugees and host Key Implementers: Inter IKEA Group, Jordan River community members to produce textiles Foundation and carpet products for sale in regional Geographic Focus: Jordan IKEA stores as part of a new collection. Year Started: 2017 Reach: Will start with 150 women and expand to more than 300 in coming two years IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: Funding and in-kind donations to UNHCR Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Supports multiple UNHCR Key Implementers: UNHCR projects focused on refugee self-reliance Geographic Focus: Middle East, Sub- Saharan Africa with multi-year funding commitments, Year Started: 2010 including in Dollo Ado and Melkadida, Ethiopia (2011- 2018); provides in-kind Size of Investment: $161 million total as of 2018 donation of items such as bedding and (excluding Brighter Lives) lighting. IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: Ground Truth Solutions Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Provided financial support Key Implementers: Ground Truth Solutions for development and deployment of Geographic Focus: Global tools to enhance accountability of Year Started: 2012 humanitarian assistance based on feedback from populations being served. Size of Investment: $1.5 million (including $100,000 in 2012 and €1.3M in 2015) 48 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: MSF (Doctors without Borders) and Save the Children: Support for families affected by Syrian conflict Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Provides grants to MSF and Key Implementers: MSF (Doctors without Borders), Save the Children to work with families Save the Children affected by Syrian conflict; in particular, Geographic Focus: Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq provides long term support for medical Year Started: 2013 care in Syrian conflict from 2013-2017 and financial support to Save the Children’s Size of Investment: $11 million in 2016 Humanitarian Leadership Academy to foster stronger global humanitarian capacity. IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: Brighter Lives for Refugees Campaign Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Ran in-store awareness- Key Implementers: UNHCR, Mustakbal raising campaign, donating portion Geographic Focus: Jordan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Chad, of proceeds from lighting product Burkina Faso, Sudan (also Bangladesh, Pakistan, sales to fund work by UNHCR. Money Nepal) raised plus additional support from the Year Started: 2014 IKEA Foundation went towards the construction of a solar farm in a refugee Size of Investment: $37 million camp in Azraq, Jordan, and towards several other types of renewable energy products and education for children in refugee camps. IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: Better Shelter Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Supported the development Key Implementers: IKEA Foundation, Better Shelter and deployment of Better Shelter’s Geographic Focus: Global flat-pack temporary emergency refugee Year Started: 2015 shelter, both financially and with advice and testing by IKEA developers. Reach: Built a total of 15,000 Better Shelters as of 2017 IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: War Child’s Can’t Wait to Learn program Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Supports the scaling-up of Key Implementers: War Child War Child’s work in Lebanon, Jordan, and Geographic Focus: Jordan, Lebanon, Sudan Sudan to provide flexible and effective Year Started: 2016 education to refugee children through educational games, based on Ministry of Size of Investment: $5.9 million (€5.3 million) Education curricula in Sudan, Jordan and Lebanon. Note: The following IKEA Foundation initiatives are included for comprehensiveness but are not included in landscape totals and analysis, due to contributions past the analysis phase. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 49 IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: Centre for Humanitarian Leadership Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Supports a set of Key Implementers: Save the Children professional development offerings – Geographic Focus: Global mapped along a Career Continuum – to Year Started: 2015 build the capacity of the sector to prepare more effectively for and respond to crisis, Size of Investment: $14.8 million (€13.3 million) starting with individuals from at-risk Reach: Reached 576 individuals directly in Phase I; countries and international humanitarian aims to reach 20,000 individuals in Phase II professionals. IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: ‘Let’s Play for Change’ Campaign Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Supports two child Key Implementers: War Child, Handicap protection programs to ensure International children and their families affected by Geographic Focus: Jordan, Lebanon (also Thailand, displacement and trauma are supported Pakistan, Bangladesh) in finding normalcy and experiencing Year Started: 2016 childhood: War Child’s Time to be a Child (play, learning, and child-centred Size of Investment: $17.5 million (€15.8 million) development for children affected Reach: Aims to reach more than 37,000 children and by the Syrian crisis); and Handicap care-takers International’s Growing Together! IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: Support to GiveDirectly Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Provides cash in larger Key Implementers: GiveDirectly sums to refugee and host community Geographic Focus: Uganda, Rwanda households (in Rwanda, only refugee Year Started: 2017 households), with the objective of both supporting families and learning how Size of Investment: $6.7 million cash transfers affect their ability to Reach: Seeks to reach more than 50,000 build livelihoods and generate assets for themselves. IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: Support to REFUNITE Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Supports REFUNITE, Key Implementers: REFUNITE which assists refugees in reconnecting Geographic Focus: Global with missing family. REFUNITE works Year Started: 2010 with technology companies and mobile operators in developing the family tracing Size of Investment: $9 million (€7 million) platform. Reach: Seeks to reach 1 million users 50 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: Support to Inyenyeri Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Partners with Inyenyeri and Key Implementers: Inyenyeri UNHCR to provide refugees with access Geographic Focus: Rwanda to a clean cooking option, and to create a Year Started: 2018 model that can be sustainable, scaled, and replicated. Inyenyeri will offer their clean Size of Investment: $950,000 cooking system to all refugees in Kigeme Reach: Targets reaching 3,500 households in Kigeme refugee camp and UNHCR will provide camp the refugees with enough cash to replace traditional cooking methods completely. IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: RE4R: Renewable Energy for Refugees Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Invests in innovative Key Implementers: Practical Action, UNHCR approaches and strategic investments in Geographic Focus: Jordan, Rwanda renewable energy in Kigeme, Nyabijeke, Year Started: 2017 and Gihembe refugee camps in Rwanda, and integrated community contexts Size of Investment: $11 million (€10 million) in urban settings in Irbid, Jordan. The Reach: Seeks to reach 60,000 individuals program will focus on community-driven approaches that include private sector engagement and innovative business models, to provide access to affordable and sustainable sources of renewable energy, and improve the health, well- being, and security of target populations. IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: Support to RefugePoint Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Supports RefugePoint’s Key Implementers: RefugePoint program that offers social services Geographic Focus: Nairobi, Kenya and livelihood support to Nairobi Year Started: 2016 urban refugees, and contributes to the organization’s efforts in the jointly run Size of Investment: $2.2 million Community of Practice on Refugee Self- Reach: Aims to reach more than 10,000 refugees Reliance. IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: BILLY: Building Incomes and Leveraging Livelihoods for Youth Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Supports the BILLY Key Implementers: International Rescue Committee programme, which seeks to improve (IRC) employability and increase income Geographic Focus: Nairobi, Kenya generating potential for youth. The Year Started: 2017 program offers multiple pathways based on needs and preferences, including Size of Investment: $5.3 million skills training, access to capital, Reach: Aims to reach 18,000 youth apprenticeships, job counselling and job placement, and entrepreneurship and business plan supports. IRC collaborates with the local private sector, government institutions, and community-based organizations. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 51 IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: Support to Kepler Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Supports Kepler, a nonprofit Key Implementers: Kepler university program that uses online Geographic Focus: Kiziba and Kigali, Rwanda learning, in-person seminars and other Year Started: 2015 support to deliver the skills that emerging economies need, for a price that all Size of Investment: ~$2 million for refugee talented students can afford. Kepler’s programming pilot campus opened in Kigali, Rwanda in 2013, and the first refugee-camp campus opened in 2015; today 25% of all students are refugees. IKEA FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: Empowering Local and National Humanitarian Actors Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Supports local and national Key Implementers: Oxfam-Novib humanitarian actors to design and Geographic Focus: Uganda (also Bangladesh) influence the humanitarian agenda Year Started: 2016 themselves, and provides funding for (1) opportunities to build their organization’s Size of Investment: $8.2 million (€10 million) ability to respond, and (2) actual response Reach: Aims to reach more than 67,000 when an emergency occurs. In both countries, funded responses are for refugee influx as well as climate-induced events. INKOMOKO (AFRICAN ENTREPRENEUR COLLECTIVE) PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Initiative: Support for refugee entrepreneurs Engagement Pathway: Enabling employment Description: Supports refugee Key Implementers: Inkomoko, Mastercard Centre entrepreneurs and small businesses for Inclusive Growth, UNHCR, Rwanda’s Ministry through business skills training, technical of Disaster Management and Refugee Affairs support and mentoring, and access to (MIDIMAR), US State Department capital, to help foster their social and Geographic Focus: Rwanda economic independence. Year Started: 2016 Size of Investment: $3 million (including revolving loan fund for refugee borrowers) Reach: Served 4,400 people (2016-19) INYENYERI ENERGY Initiative: Inyenyeri Engagement Pathway: Building a business Description: Provides an improved home Key Implementers: Inyenyeri cookstove solution to refugee households. Geographic Focus: Rwanda Provides improved cookstoves in Year Started: 2016 exchange for household paid subscription for efficient, cleaner burning fuel pellets Reach: Reached 1,700 households with cookstoves for cooking at home. 52 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE IRISGUARD TECHNOLOGY Initiative: EyeCloud refugee registration Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provided EyeCloud Key Implementers: IrisGuard, UNHCR technology to facilitate UNHCR refugee Geographic Focus: Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Egypt, Syria registration processes, thus improving Year Started: 2012 distribution of humanitarian assistance to refugees. Reach: Registered 2.7 million refugees ITWORX EDUCATION Initiative: E-learning for Syrian refugee children Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides an innovative Key Implementers: ITWORX Education e-learning solution for Syrian refugee Geographic Focus: Middle East and North Africa, children, which uses an online learning Lebanon platform (WinjiGo) and technology- Year Started: 2015 powered learning centers in refugee camps. Size of Investment: $15,000 Reach: Reached 25 refugee children with 10 volunteer teachers ITWORX EDUCATION Initiative: Learning Beyond School Campus Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Launched a pilot in Istanbul Key Implementers: ITWORX Education to enable Syrian refugee children who Geographic Focus: Middle East and North Africa, cannot attend school due to various Turkey constraints to continue learning beyond Year Started: 2016 school borders, and without being bounded by school hours, while at Size of Investment: $15,000 the same time receiving high-quality Reach: Reached 200 refugee students education. JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER GOODS Initiative: Partnership with Aga Khan Development Network Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Provided financial support Key Implementers: Johnson & Johnson, Aga Khan for humanitarian response in Syria to Development Network support maternal, neonatal, child and Geographic Focus: Syria reproductive health and communicable Year Started: 2013 diseases. Size of Investment: $184,000 JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER GOODS Initiative: Partnership with Save the Children to support Syrian refugees Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Partners with Save Key Implementers: Johnson & Johnson, Save the the Children, who is working along Children the Syrian refugee transit route and Geographic Focus: Middle East, with a focus on providing support in the refugee camps in Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt, Jordan (also Europe) neighboring Jordan, Turkey, Lebanon and Year Started: 2015 Egypt, through the provision of critical protection, education, and food and Size of Investment: $2.5 million shelter assistance; in particular, Save the Children has created unique education programs to help displaced refugee children thrive. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 53 JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER GOODS Initiative: Partnership with International Pediatric Association Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Launched collaboration Key Implementers: Johnson & Johnson, International with International Pediatric Association Pediatric Association (IPA) to further integrate psychosocial Geographic Focus: Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey competencies into paediatricians’ training Year Started: 2017 – leveraging the work of Save the Children – and ensure that the knowledge develops Size of Investment: $210,000 benefits and strengthens national health systems. KAAH INTERNATIONAL MICROFINANCE SERVICES (KIMS) FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Micro and SME loan products targeting refugee returnees Engagement Pathway: Extending services Description: Provided two customized Key Implementers: KIMS, UNHCR, American Refugee shariah-compliant products to refugees Committee returning to the port city of Kismayo in Geographic Focus: Somalia Southern Somalia from Dadaab Camp in Year Started: 2016 Kenya, including a start-up, micro-credit product for youth (including financing Size of Investment: Over $1 million as well as financial literacy and business Reach: Provided start-up micro-credit to 500 training) and SME growth financing youth returnees, enrolled 200 returnees to fishing for fishing cooperatives committed to cooperatives, and created 700 jobs for returnees employing returnees. within host community (reached total of 4,440 people) KOIS FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Development Impact Bond for Syrian refugee and host community livelihoods Engagement Pathway: Enabling employment Description: After an initial feasibility Key Implementers: KOIS study, currently raising funding for a Geographic Focus: Jordan, Turkey, Lebanon multi-country Development Impact Bond Year Started: 2017 that will provide employment assistance and entrepreneurship support to Syrian Size of Investment: Up to $30 million refugees and local vulnerable populations. KYTABU EDUCATION Initiative: Kytabu Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides a tablet-based Key Implementers: Kytabu, UNHCR, Vodafone platform for teachers in hard-to-reach Geographic Focus: Kenya, Sub-Saharan Africa areas – including refugee camps through Year Started: 2014 pilot projects – that enables access to a wide range of low-cost, digitized Size of Investment: $65,000 education content they can lease, including textbooks and resources such as Khan Academy. LEGO FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: Play box donation Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Donates educational tools Key Implementers: LEGO Foundation, UNHCR, (products, training, and curriculum) to UNICEF, Save the Children, War Child, others refugee children in Africa, Asia and Europe Geographic Focus: Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt (also through UNHCR, UNICEF, Save the Ukraine) Children, War Child, etc. Year Started: 2009 54 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE LEGO FOUNDATION RETAIL Initiative: Educate a Child Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Provides funding and LEGO Key Implementers: LEGO Foundation, UNHCR products to UNHCR to provide quality Geographic Focus: Middle East and North Africa, primary education to refugee children, including Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, South Sudan, as well as training for UNHCR staff that Ethiopia, Rwanda, Chad, Iran, Yemen (also Malaysia, draws on aspects of LEGO’s education Pakistan) research program. Year Started: 2014 Size of Investment: $3 million Reach: Served 200,000 children LUMINUS EDUCATION EDUCATION Initiative: Support for refugee students Engagement Pathway: Enabling employment Description: Provides scholarships and Key Implementers: Luminus Technical University specialized supports to Syrian refugees College studying technical and vocational fields Geographic Focus: Jordan at Luminus Technical University College. Year Started: 2014 Scholarships cover tuition and living expenses. Specialized supports include Size of Investment: $38 million additional student counseling as well as Reach: Enrolled 4,500 students employment guarantees. MASTERCARD FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Mastercard Aid Network Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Facilitates the distribution Key Implementers: Mastercard, UN agencies of humanitarian aid through a digital Geographic Focus: Global voucher platform that provides Year Started: 2015 humanitarian cash transfer and remittance services for refugees, as well as a suite of online tools for NGOs (such as electronic reporting for ease-of-use and transparency); also provides technical support to NGOs working with refugees. MASTERCARD FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Partnership with World Food Programme on E-card program Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides electronic Key Implementers: Mastercard, World Food payments technology to the World Food Programme, UNHCR Programme to equip refugees with Geographic Focus: Jordan, Lebanon prepaid electronic voucher cards in order Year Started: 2016 to meet their food needs and help boost the local economy. Reach: Reached more than 1.1 million users MASTERCARD FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Prepaid cards for refugees Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides electronic Key Implementers: Mastercard, Halkbank, Turkish payments technology to the Turkish Red Crescent Red Crescent to equip refugees with Geographic Focus: Turkey unrestricted cash via prepaid cards in Year Started: 2016 order to meet their needs and help boost the local economy. Reach: Reached more than 1.5 million users PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 55 MASTERCARD FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Debit cards for refugees Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides electronic Key Implementers: Mastercard, Equity Bank, World payments technology to UNHCR and the Food Programme, UNHCR World Food Programme to equip refugees Geographic Focus: Rwanda with unrestricted cash via bank accounts Year Started: 2016 and debit cards in order to meet their needs and help boost the local economy. Reach: Reached 49,000 users MASTERCARD FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Partnership with Western Union for exploring digital services model for refugee camps Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Researched the needs, Key Implementers: Mastercard, Western Union challenges, and opportunities of refugees Geographic Focus: Kenya in two settlement camps in Kenya in order Year Started: 2016 to develop a blueprint for a model that combines digital access to remittances, banking, education, healthcare and other basic needs in a way that is unified and trackable, summarized in “Smart Communities: Using Digital Technology to Create Sustainable Refugee Economies.” MASTERCARD FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Partnership with African Entrepreneur Collective Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Supports refugee Key Implementers: Mastercard Centre for Inclusive entrepreneurs and small businesses Growth, African Entrepreneurship Collective/ through business skills training, technical Inkomoko support and mentoring, and access to Geographic Focus: Rwanda capital. Year Started: 2017 Size of Investment: $1 million Reach: Will work with 4,000 refugees in Rwanda over next three years MASTERCARD FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Smart Communities Coalition Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Co-chairs the Smart Key Implementers: Mastercard, Power Africa (USAID) Communities Coalition, a network of Geographic Focus: Uganda, Kenya 35+ partners that seeks to improve the Year Started: 2018 delivery of essential services to refugees and host community members through Reach: Reached 2.5 million users enhanced coordination between public and private entities and strategic implementation of technology; focused on energy access, connectivity, and digital tools in five camps/settlements in Kenya and Uganda. 56 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE MCKINSEY PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Initiative: Pro bono support of education for Syrian refugees Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Seeks to improve education Key Implementers: Bridge International Academies, of Syrian refugee students by developing Basmeh & Zeitooneh, Vitol Foundation and supporting a tailored curriculum and Geographic Focus: Lebanon platform – the Bridge platform – that Year Started: 2016 teachers can deliver using robust, low- cost tablets; the open-source curriculum Reach: Served 1,500 refugee children can also be used to deliver other education programs. MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY Initiative: TV White Space initiative Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Partners with local internet Key Implementers: Microsoft, UNHCR (Connectivity providers to bring broadband connectivity for Refugees Project), C3, other local internet providers to people around the world who do not Geographic Focus: Kenya, Malawi have access to the internet by using TV Year Started: 2014 white spaces (unused portions of wireless spectrum). MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Support of No Lost Generation Tech Taskforce Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Supported the launch of Key Implementers: Microsoft, NetHope, Mercy the No Lost Generation Tech Taskforce Corps, World Vision, Save the Children in partnership with NetHope, an effort Geographic Focus: Global focused on initiating and facilitating Year Started: 2017 cross-sector, ICT-enabled collaborations aligned with the needs of conflict-affected children and youth. MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY Initiative: AI for Humanitarian Action Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides funding, Key Implementers: Microsoft technology, partnerships and technical Geographic Focus: Global expertise to support nonprofits and Year Started: 2018 humanitarian organizations serving refugees. Size of Investment: Part of larger, $40 million investment across four areas, including “Refugees and displaced people” MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Partnership with UNICEF for refugee children education and protection Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Applies technology and Key Implementers: Microsoft, UNICEF, University of expertise to develop initiatives that Cambridge promote access to education and Geographic Focus: Global protection to refugee children. The Year Started: 2018 first project is developing a ‘learning passport,’ a digital, personalized, globally- Reach: Will reach 75 million children and youth accredited platform that aims to enable displaced from learning opportunities children to keep learning wherever they are. The effort will also involve developing new innovations to scale up UNICEF’s digital child protection case management system. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 57 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Partnership with UNHCR Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides access to Key Implementers: Microsoft, UNHCR accredited, quality and relevant digital Geographic Focus: Kenya learning and market-oriented training Year Started: 2018 opportunities, including training and knowledge sharing with UNHCR Reach: Will reach 25,000 refugee young adults by international teams and local partners 2021 who will help deliver the content. MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Decent Jobs for Youth global initiative Engagement Pathway: Enabling employment Description: Helps equip young women Key Implementers: Microsoft, International Labor and men with digital skills and improve Organization (ILO) youth employment. Geographic Focus: Global Year Started: 2018 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Support of NetHope member nonprofits Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provided software grants, Key Implementers: Microsoft cash, Skype vouchers, and mobile phones Geographic Focus: Iraq, Jordan, Turkey, Lebanon to key NetHope member nonprofits Size of Investment: $25 million (including $23.6 responding to the refugee crisis in the million in software grants, $500,00 in cash, $500,000 greater Syria region to ensure they in Skype vouchers) have the technology needed for refugee response activities. MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Supporting psychosocial needs of refugee youth through Youth Learning Spaces Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Partnered with Mercy Corps Key Implementers: Microsoft, Mercy Corps to launch programmatic support focusing Geographic Focus: Turkey (also Greece) on the psychosocial needs of refugee Size of Investment: $575,000 youth through new Youth Learning Spaces, including providing support and Reach: Served 10,000 refugee and migrant youth employment skills to refugee and migrant youth aged 15-24. MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Local nonprofit partnerships Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Partners with local Key Implementers: Microsoft, local partnerships nonprofits to build capacity of refugee Geographic Focus: Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan centers through train-the-trainer Size of Investment: $580,000 programs and provision of basic digital and coding skills education. Reach: Served 25,000 refugees 58 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE MICROSOFT (WITH TRIPADVISOR, GOOGLE, AND CISCO) TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Support for Signpost (formerly Refugee.Info) Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides financial support – Key Implementers: Microsoft, TripAdvisor, Google, along with Google, TripAdvisor, and Cisco Cisco, International Rescue Committee (IRC), Mercy – for the development and expansion Corps of Signpost (formerly Refugee.Info), Geographic Focus: Jordan (also Serbia, Bulgaria, a platform created by IRC and Mercy Hungary, El Salvador, Greece, Italy) Corps to provide potentially lifesaving, Year Started: 2015 up-to-date information on legal rights, accommodation, transportation, Size of Investment: $825,000 medical facilities and more. Microsoft Reach: Reached 1 million users through platform also supported the launch of the original Refugee.Info platform. MIDDLE EAST BROADCASTING CENTER GROUP (MBC) MEDIA Initiative: Support for refugee engagement Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provided funding to UNHCR, Key Implementers: Middle East Broadcasting Center WFP, and Save the Children for work with Group (MBC), UNHCR, World Food Programme (WFP), refugees in the Middle East region and Save the Children, Generations for Peace (GFP) featured content in support of refugees Geographic Focus: Middle East and North Africa on air, including MBC 1 morning show Year Started: 2016 segments and interviews, as well as specific initiatives such as the Stars on Size of Investment: $10 million in programs, funding, Board reality show, Basmet Amal “Touch airtime coverage, media support, MBC TV programs, of Hope”, “Facebook Live Dafathon” winter etc. campaign, “Back to School” education Reach: Reached 550,000 beneficiaries collectively campaign, Share the Meal for WFP, and others. NATAKALLAM EDUCATION Initiative: NaTakallam Engagement Pathway: Integrating into value chains Description: Provides refugees access to Key Implementers: NaTakallam remote work opportunities by connecting Geographic Focus: Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt, Iraq (also them as tutors and translators to Brazil, Costa Rica, Armenia) language learners around the world, Year Started: 2015 companies and organizations looking for translation services, and universities/ Size of Investment: $450,000 in grants and schools that use NaTakallam as a competition money complement to the classroom. Reach: Served more than 110 displaced persons, self- generating $340,000 with more than 2,500 unique users NOVA CREDIT FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Cross-border credit reporting agency Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides a solution that Key Implementers: Nova Credit Inc. (in partnership enables businesses to request an with Nova customers and data suppliers around the immigrant applicant’s credit history from world) overseas. Geographic Focus: South Africa, Nigeria (also India, Mexico, Peru, Brazil) Year Started: 2016 Size of Investment: $19.4 million PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 59 NOVO NORDISK FOUNDATION HEALTHCARE/PHARMACEUTICALS Initiative: Partnership with UNICEF to support refugees and host communities in Jordan Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Supports an education and Key Implementers: UNICEF, local partners life skills initiative for vulnerable Syrian Geographic Focus: Jordan refugees and Jordanian children and Year Started: 2018 youth. Size of Investment: $1.5 million Reach: Reached 2,500 refugees PEARSON EDUCATION Initiative: Every Child Learning Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Delivers high-quality Key Implementers: Save the Children education to Syrian refugee and host Geographic Focus: Jordan community children, with a focus on Year Started: 2015 designing new solutions to address the unique needs of children affected by Size of Investment: $5.9 million in total commitment conflict; advocates and raises awareness Reach: Reached more than 4,000 refugee and host on the urgency of improving education. community children, parents, and educators through programs and more than 30,000 through mobile math learning app (Space Hero) POWERGEN ENERGY Initiative: Dadaab refugee camp solar water pumping system Engagement Pathway: Extending services Description: Implemented a 30kW Key Implementers: PowerGen, Norwegian Refugee solar water pumping system to create Council (NRC) a sustainable, cost- effective energy Geographic Focus: Kenya solution in the Dadaab refugee camp, as Year Started: 2014 commissioned by NRC. PUMA CONSUMER GOODS Initiative: Promotion of Syrian refugee employment Engagement Pathway: Integrating into value chains Description: Provides decent and legal Key Implementers: PUMA, PUMA retail operators in job opportunities for Syrian refugees, with Turkey, UNHCR, Turkey’s Ministry of Labour, Fair Labor methods such as encouraging suppliers Association in Turkey to use a hiring target of 2-3% Geographic Focus: Turkey Syrian refugees among their workforces, Year Started: 2015 and raises awareness around refugee issues. PUMA also collaborates with relevant stakeholders to help integrate refugees into the labor market and more generally, such as by helping implement work permits for Syrian refugees in Turkey and developing a specific pocket-guide to support their work life. 60 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE REFUGEE INVESTMENT NETWORK FINANCIAL SERVICES Initiative: Refugee Investment Network Engagement Pathway: Enabling employment Description: Created first impact Key Implementers: Refugee Investment Network, investing and blended finance Global Development Incubator, Patrick J. McGovern collaborative dedicated to providing long- Foundation term solutions to global forced migration. Geographic Focus: Global, with focus on Jordan and Provides actionable and investor-centric Kenya (also Mexico) research by sourcing, structuring, and Year Started: 2018 facilitating deals, and by acting as a policy and advocacy partner for the Size of Investment: More than $1 billion committed refugee investment and entrepreneurship community. RELX GROUP PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Initiative: Supporting second language skills for Syrian refugees Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Supports second language Key Implementers: RELX Group, International Rescue learning programs for Syrian refugee Committee children. Geographic Focus: Lebanon Year Started: 2016 SAFE PORTS TRANSPORTATION Initiative: Refugee employment commitment Engagement Pathway: Integrating into value chains Description: Committed to employing Key Implementers: Safe Ports 100 refugees over the next year to work at Geographic Focus: Jordan Safe Ports’ new logistical operations hub Year Started: 2018 in the Mafraq port in Jordan, Safe Ports’ Regional Gateway. Reach: Hired 100 refugee employees SANIVATION SANITATION Initiative: Sanivation Engagement Pathway: Integrating into value chains Description: Hires refugees in roles Key Implementers: Sanivation across business operations such as sales, Geographic Focus: Kenya toilet production and maintenance, Year Started: 2014 and briquette maintenance. Delivers sanitation services to refugee camps and Size of Investment: $1 million sells fuel briquettes. Reach: Served 3,000 refugee with sanitation services and employed more than 20 refugees SEP JORDAN RETAIL Initiative: Hiring refugee artisan women Engagement Pathway: Integrating into value chains Description: Trains and hires Palestinian Key Implementers: SEP Jordan, UNHCR and Syrian refugee women to create Geographic Focus: Middle East and North Africa, contemporary design products based Jordan on traditional embroidery patterns and Year Started: 2014 techniques. Size of Investment: $100,000 Reach: Worked with more than 800 active artisans total (300+ in year 4) PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 61 SOROS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FUND FINANCIAL SERVICES (OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATIONS) Initiative: Impact investment in refugee-impacting businesses Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Invests in refugee-impacting Key Implementers: Open Society Foundations businesses--including refugee-owned Geographic Focus: Global, with focus on Jordan and start- ups, companies, and social impact Lebanon initiatives – with an objective to both be Year Started: 2016 profitable and successful, to ultimately demonstrate the business case for Size of Investment: $500 million committed investing in such efforts. TAQANU TECHNOLOGY Initiative: Blockchain based identity Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Uses a blockchain-based Key Implementers: Taqanu digital identity platform across a variety Geographic Focus: Global of projects to support refugees in re- Year Started: 2016 establishing identification lost through displacement and in accessing financial and social services. TAZWEED VENTURES RETAIL Initiative: Tazweed Center hypermarkets in refugee camps Engagement Pathway: Extending services Description: Established and operates Key Implementers: Tazweed Ventures, World Food hypermarkets in Syrian refugee camps Programme (WFP), Safeway, Sameh Mall, Nizar in Jordan and Northern Iraq, where Supermarkets refugees can purchase food of their Geographic Focus: Jordan, Iraq choice; 85% of hypermarket employees Year Started: 2014 are host community members and Syrian refugees, and part of the retail operations Size of Investment: $4.5 million are outsourced to micro- and small Reach: Served 4 refugee camps in Jordan and businesses from the local communities. Northern Iraq TAZWEED VENTURES RETAIL Initiative: Support services for human relief contracts and logistics Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides logistics support Key Implementers: Tazweed Ventures, World Food – such as food and nonfood supplies Programme, UNICEF, Norwegian Refugee Council, services,supply chain solutions and Save the Children, CARE International IT-related activities – for the delivery of Geographic Focus: Jordan, Iraq, Syria humanitarian relief supplies including Year Started: 2014 food parcels, winterization kits, and liquid petroleum gas to refugees and internally displaced people. Part of the operations is outsourced to micro- and small businesses from local communities. 62 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE TECHNOLOGY FOR TOMORROW CONSUMER GOODS Initiative: MakaPads Engagement Pathway: Enabling employment Description: Improves livelihoods of Key Implementers: Technology for Tomorrow, refugees by empowering them with new UNHCR skills and employing them in factories Geographic Focus: Uganda, Democratic Republic of producing MakaPads (including in Inke Congo refugee camp in DRC), sanitary napkins Year Started: 2006 made from recycled paper waste and papyrus, which are sold across Africa as a lower-cost and locally- sourced alternative to imported products; in partnership with UNHCR, the pads are also distributed in refugee camps for free, helping to address menstrual hygiene issues. TOMS RETAIL Initiative: Shoes for refugee children Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Partners with international Key Implementers: TOMS, UNHCR, UNRWA, relief organizations to donate new pairs Norwegian Refugee Council, American Near East of shoes to refugee children in need, Refugee Aid, International Medical Corps including Syrian and Palestinian refugees, Geographic Focus: Jordan, Gaza, Iraq, Burkina Faso, and to support local distribution expenses Democratic Republic of Congo, Lebanon, Palestinian for getting the shoes to children. Territories, Uganda, Tanzania, Turkey (also Greece) Year Started: 2016 Reach: Distributed 3,647,051 pairs of new shoes through TOMS Giving Partners to refugees TOPTAL LLC PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Initiative: TopVolunteer with refugee-focused NGOs Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides pro-bono software Key Implementers: Toptal, Tent Partnership for development, design, and finance services Refugees to critical NGOs supporting refugees Geographic Focus: Global globally through Toptal’s network of Year Started: 2016 freelance experts. These efforts fill key gaps in capacity and support for Size of Investment: $19,700 overhead costs and NGOs, most often in technology (such $55,000 in-kind gifts as information dissemination, cyber- Reach: Reached 1,010,500 refugees, who are better security) and finance/business (such as served due to donated skills and expertise strategic business plans, grant proposals, financial management). TRIPADVISOR TRAVEL Initiative: Support of NGO work in humanitarian refugee crisis response Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Provides financial support Key Implementers: TripAdvisor, International Rescue for the work of IRC and Mercy Corps in Committee (IRC), Mercy Corps humanitarian refugee crisis response, Geographic Focus: Middle East and North Africa as well as in-kind support to key Year Started: 2016 humanitarian aid projects. Size of Investment: $5 million (over 3 years) - includes funding for Signpost PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 63 TRIPADVISOR (WITH MICROSOFT, GOOGLE, CISCO) TRAVEL Initiative: Support for Signpost (formerly Refugee.Info) Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Provides financial Key Implementers: TripAdvisor, International Rescue support – along with Google, Microsoft Committee (IRC), Mercy Corps, Google, Microsoft, and Cisco – to develop and expand Cisco Signpost, a platform created by IRC Geographic Focus: Jordan (also El Salvador, Greece, and Mercy Corps to provide potentially Italy) lifesaving information on legal rights, Year Started: 2015 accommodation, transportation, and more. Reach: Reached 1 million users through platform TWILIO TECHNOLOGY Initiative: SMS technology to empower refugees Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides discounted access Key Implementers: Twilio to Twilio SMS technology for refugee- Geographic Focus: Iraq, Turkey serving NGOs, including International Year Started: 2016 Rescue Committee, Whispir, Urban Refugees, Ankara Refugee, Gig Aware, and others. UNILEVER CONSUMER GOODS Initiative: Vaseline Healing Project Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Worked with Direct Key Implementers: Unilever, Direct Relief Relief to bring dermatological care, Geographic Focus: Jordan products and medical supplies, and skin Year Started: 2015 health treatment through sponsored dermatological missions to refugees and Reach: Treated 1,500 refugee patients people affected by poverty or emergencies around the world. UNILEVER CONSUMER GOODS Initiative: Skills and job training through local NGOs Engagement Pathway: Enabling employment Description: Committed to co-creating Key Implementers: Unilever, local NGOs initiatives with local NGOs to provide Geographic Focus: Middle East (also Europe) skills and job training that enhance Year Started: 2017 livelihoods, improve access to effective hygiene, and support refugee social Reach: Reached 28,600 refugees integration. UNILEVER CONSUMER GOODS Initiative: Smile with Us Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Ran campaign to raise Key Implementers: Unilever, Carrefour, UNHCR awareness of refugee crisis in retail stores, Geographic Focus: Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and raise funds from sale of products to Year Started: 2017 provide families with essential everyday items and help them during the cold Reach: Reached 400 families with donations winter months. 64 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE UNIQLO/FAST RETAILING RETAIL Initiative: Support for UNHCR’s self-reliance and livelihood program Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Financially supports Key Implementers: UNIQLO/Fast Retailing, UNHCR UNHCR’s livelihoods programs, which Geographic Focus: Iran (also India, Malaysia, Nepal, include vocational and life skills training, Pakistan) small business development, employment Year Started: 2016 counselling, and access to financial services to increase refugee self-reliance Size of Investment: $5.5 million across five countries in Asia. Reach: Served 13,187 total people (5,853 in 2016, 7334 in 2017) YADAWEE CONSUMER GOODS Initiative: Collaboration with refugee women artisan group Nilfurat Engagement Pathway: Integrating into value chains Description: Collaborates with Nilfurat, Key Implementers: Yadawee, MADE51 at UNHCR/ a group of women refugee artisans who Nilfurat create authentic crafts, to integrate these Geographic Focus: Middle East and North Africa, products into the supply chain of Yadawee Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Egypt (which develops home décor and home Year Started: 2015 textiles). This initiative ensures a market- ready collection that can economically Size of Investment: $250,000 empower the women and incorporate Reach: Served 30 refugees their stories, knowledge, and diverse skill sets. ZAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: Support of Yida and Ajuang Thok Refugee Camp Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Successfully rolled out Key Implementers: Zain and UNHCR mobile telecommunications coverage to Geographic Focus: South Sudan the UNHCR refugee camp in Yida, South Year Started: 2013 Sudan. In 016, it managed to also provide coverage to Ajuang Thok camp in the Reach: Served 124,000 refugees Upper Nile state of South Sudan. ZAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: Family Reconnection Project Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Developed a tech platform Key Implementers: Zain, Refugees United with REFUNITE and Ericsson to help (REFUNITE), Ericsson displaced persons reconnect with their Geographic Focus: Jordan, South Sudan missing family members. Year Started: 2014 Reach: Reached 10,000 people ZAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: Mobile services for refugees Engagement Pathway: Building a business Description: Provides discounted Key Implementers: Zain mobile service commercial products Geographic Focus: Jordan, Lebanon, South Sudan and packages specifically to facilitate Year Started: 2015 connectivity for refugees and internally displaced people, including the Touch Reach: Reached 100,000 subscribers Tawasol Line in Lebanon for Syrian refugees. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 65 ZAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: Partnership with UNHCR and Facebook for Wi-Fi connectivity Engagement Pathway: Sharing capabilities Description: Provides free Wi-Fi Key Implementers: Zain, UNHCR, Facebook connectivity to refugees and their Geographic Focus: Jordan surrounding communities. Year Started: 2015 Reach: Reached more than 724,000 refugees ZAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: Support of Saudi national campaign to support brothers in Syria Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Offered SMS short codes Key Implementers: Zain that allow customers to donate money to Geographic Focus: Syria charities in Syria that support those facing Year Started: 2015 difficult circumstances. Reach: Fundraised $125,738 ZAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: Donate a Jacket program Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Collected used, cleaned, and Key Implementers: Zain, Kuwait Relief Society re-packaged clothing from employees Geographic Focus: Middle East to distribute to Syrian refugees in Year Started: 2016 cooperation with Kuwait Relief Society. Reach: Collected 13 tons of clothing ZAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: Innovate for Refugees Initiative Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Launched a competition Key Implementers: Zain, MIT Enterprise Forum Pan in partnership with MIT EF Pan Arab to Arab fund six entrepreneurial refugee-serving Geographic Focus: Jordan businesses. Year Started: 2016 Reach: Curated 1,600 applicants ZAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: ReBootKAMP Engagement Pathway: Enabling employment Description: Supported ReBootKAMP, Key Implementers: Zain and ReBootKAMP (RBK) an Agile-based training to produce eight Geographic Focus: Jordan high-quality software engineers over a Year Started: 2016 16-week program. 800 applications were submitted, from which 40 applicants Reach: Trained 17 graduates, of which 2 gained full were selected to participate; half female time jobs and the other half refugees. ZAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: RE:Coded Kids Training Engagement Pathway: Enabling employment Description: Ran a coding boot camp Key Implementers: Zain in Iraq for refugees and displaced youth Geographic Focus: Iraq that provides them with technical and Year Started: 2017 language skills. Reach: Reached 150 refugee and IDP youth 66 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE ZAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: Zain Kuwait field visit to Jordan Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Provided a firsthand Key Implementers: Zain, UNHCR observation of the conditions of Syrian Geographic Focus: Jordan refugees living in the camps in Jordan to Year Started: 2017 employees and spread awareness of the conditions of refugees through media exposure. ZAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: Zain Kuwait partnership with UNHCR Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Created a memorandum of Key Implementers: Zain, UNHCR understanding between Zain and UNHCR Geographic Focus: Middle East that aims to protect the rights of Syrian Year Started: 2017 refugees. Launched an online donation portal that encourages individuals to Reach: Fundraised $11,150 donate to this cause. ZAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: KRCS Ramadan Campaign Engagement Pathway: Funding humanitarian assistance Description: Launched a campaign Key Implementers: Zain, Kuwait Red Crescent Society through bulk SMS and social media Geographic Focus: Middle East during the month of Ramadan to collect Year Started: 2018 donations to provide medical treatment for refugees. Reach: Fundraised $19,800 ZAIN TELECOMMUNICATIONS Initiative: Zain Cash Engagement Pathway: Building a business Description: Provides cash disbursement Key Implementers: Zain services for NGOs to support refugees and Geographic Focus: Iraq, Jordan internally displaced people in establishing Year Started: Iraq 2015, Jordan relaunched 2016 financial independence, including the restoration of 147 remote sites in Iraq to Reach: Reached more than 1.4 million refugees provide connectivity. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 67 Appendix C: Analysis of the private sector initiatives database C 1: Initiatives by geography NUMBER OF INITIATIVES IN TOP REFUGEE HOSTING COUNTRIES IN AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST Turkey 13 Iraq Lebanon 12 Islamic 23 Rep. of Iran 4 Arab Rep. Jordan of Egypt 5 38 Niger Chad Sudan 2 3 6 Rep. of Yemen 2 Ethiopia South. Sudan 5 6 Uganda 9 Kenya Dem. Rep. of Rwanda 8 17 Congo Tanzania 3 1 110 Total Initiatives 22 initiatives work regionally or globally, and are not directly included on the map Refugee population >1M 500K-1M 250-500K 100-250k Source: Bridgespan analysis; UNHCR Population Statistics Overview (2017) Note: Many initiatives have a geographic focus in multiple countries and are included in the totals for each country of focus. In the Middle East and Africa, initiatives also operated in the following countries: Burkina Faso, Libya, Malawi, Nigeria, Somalia, Syria, and West Bank and Gaza. Many of the initiatives also provided countries of focus that were outside this region. See Appendix B for detail on the geographic focus for each initiative. This map does not reflect ongoing border disputes. 68 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE C 2: Initiatives by engagement pathway and year launched PATHWAY OF ENGAGEMENT FOR INITIATIVES BY YEAR OF LAUNCH N=107 32 Funding humanitarian assistance 44 Sharing capabilities 15 6 Extending services 11 Enabling employment 10 Integrating into value chains 10 4 Building a business 5 0 2013 and prior 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 C 3: Initiatives by industry NUMBER OF COMPANIES INITIATIVES BY INDUSTRY N=63 ACTORS AND 110 INITIATIVES Number of initiatives Number of companies 26 Other 11 17 Retail 10 16 Financial services 9 9 Education 8 21 Technology 8 7 Energy 7 9 Consumer goods 5 5 Professional services 5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Source: Bridgespan analysis Note: Initiatives were classified by the primary industry of their anchor private actor, based on the actor's self-identification. Only the most common industries are represented on the chart, but additional industries represented in the database include telecommunications, entertainment media, sanitation, transportation and logistics, travel, and healthcare and pharmaceuticals. PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 69 Appendix D: Results from survey of private sector actors D 1: Survey respondents REGIONS OF OPERATION (ORGANIZATIONS WERE ALLOWED TO SELECT MULTIPLE) N=58 40 39 Number of respondents 30 29 27 20 13 12 10 9 8 0 Latin Middle East Sub- Europe and America North East Asia and North Saharan Central South Asia and the America and Pacific Africa Africa Asia Caribbean PRIMARY PATHWAY OF ENGAGEMENT N=58 30 Number of respondents 21 20 10 10 8 8 6 4 1 0 Funding Integrating Sharing Enabling Building a Extending humanitarian into value Other capabilities employment business services assistance chains 70 PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES PATHWAYS TO SCALE D 2: Valuable funding mechanisms WHAT FUNDING MECHANISMS WOULD BE MORE VALUABLE IN SUPPORTING YOUR ENGAGEMENT/INITIATIVE? (ORGANIZATIONS WERE ALLOWED TO SELECT MULTIPLE) N=58 Average Ranking Grants 1.4 35 Combination of concessional funding and 1.9 commercial funding 16 Co-investment commitments for projects 1.9 15 Results-based financing/price guarantees 2.0 11 Low- or no-interest loans 2.2 10 Risk underwriting/first -loss capital 5 2.6 0 10 20 30 40 Number of respondents D 3: Information needs WHAT INFORMATION IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR YOU TO UNDERSTAND THE COMMERCIAL VIABILITY AND MARKET POTENTIAL OF REFUGEE POPULATIONS? (ORGANIZATIONS WERE ALLOWED TO SELECT UP TO TWO) N=58 22 Education level and skill sets Presence of infrastructure 19 Spending habits 17 Economic well-being 17 Access to finance, credit demand, credit- 8 worthiness, and financial literacy Demographics 8 Size and stability of the refugee population 8 Other service providers engaging refugees 3 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Number of respondents PRIVATE SECTOR & REFUGEES: PATHWAYS TO SCALE 71 UNHCR helps hundreds of refugees cross the border near Nadapal, Kenya © Dominic Chavez/IFC Refugees learning new skills as they take plumbing classes at Don Bosco Technical Institute in the Kakuma Refugee Camp © Dominic Chavez/ IFC IFC Nairobi Delta Center Menengai Road Upper Hill P.O Box 30577-00100 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 20 293-7000/7200 Fax: +254 20 293-7210