kic©RbCMuRbcaMqñaM
                  RkumRbwkSaeTsaPi)alénFnaKarBiPBelak
                              snÞrkfaEføgeday
                            elak r:UebIt ehSlik
                           RbFanFnaKarBiPBelak
                            TIRkugva:sIunetan D.C
                      éf¶TI 22 Ex tula qñaM 2007
           {katalIkrsMrab;GnaKt³ sklPavUbnIykmμRKb;RCugeRCay
                           nigmannirnþrPaBbrisßan}


      elak RbFan eTsaPi)al nigePJóvkitiþys
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eBlenH .
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GPivDÆn_ k¾dUcCa kargard¾RbesIrrbs;elak dUcEdl´)anKitenAkñúgmuxtMENgfμI .
        ´k¾sUmEføgGMNGrKuNcMeBaHmitþPkiþ nig shkarIrbs;´ Rodrigo de Rato EdlCMruj nig
begáInel,ÓnsMrab;PaBCaédKUrvagsßab½neyIgTaMgBIr . ´sÁal; Rodrigo enAeBlEdleyIgeFVIkarCa
mYyKñaenAkñúgrdæaPi)alelIbBaðaBaNiC¢kmμ nigesdækic© ehIy´EtgEtekatsresIrcMeBaHKMnit PaB
KYrsm nig esckþIévqøatrbs;Kat; . ´sUmCUnBr[elakmansMNagl¥CaerogrhUtenAeBlGnaKt.
       ´enAEtbnþkargarCaédKUCamYy elak Dominique Stauss-Kahn . eyIgCYbKñadMbUg tam
ry³mitþPkiþd¾l¥ KW elak Pascal Lamy ehIyeBlenH elakCaGKÁnayk GgÁkar WTO . vahak;
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                                            2

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                                              3
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)anbegáItnUv»kasenAkEnøgEdlminman»kas .

      b:uEnþenAmanerOgeRcIneTotenAminTan;cUlrYmkñúgskmμPaBTaMgenH nigxøHsßitenAeRkayeK
q¶ay. karmindak;bBa©ÚlkarlubbM)at;PaBRkIRk niglubbM)at;karbMpøajbrisßan begáItCaeRKaHfñak;.
                                           4
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edImPaKtic ®sþIenAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆ RbCaCnRkIRkenAtamCnbT RbCaCnGaRhVik nigenAkUn
ecArbs;BYkeK .
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nigRbkbedaynirnþrPaBbrisßan edayBüayamedaHRsayPaBRkIRk elIkkMBs;kMeNInCamYynwg
karEfrkSabrisßan nig karbegáIt»kas nigmansgÇwmdl;buKÁlmñak;² .
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shsvtSr_cMnYn 8 Edlmanmhicätakat;bnßyPaBRkIRk[)anBak;kNþal RbyuT§nwgPaBGt;Xøan
nig CMgW nigkarpþl;esvamUldæandl;RbCaCnRkIRk rhUtdl;qñaM 2015 . eKaledATaMgenH rYmTaMg
eKaledArbs;eyIg)andak;taMgenAexøagTVarFMrbs;eyIgenAkariyal½ykNþal edIm,IrMB£keyIgCaRbcaM
nUvGVIEdleyIgRtUveFVI[)ansMerc .
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edaynirnþrPaB EdlnaMmuxedayvis½yÉkCn nigmankarKaMRTCaRkbx½NÐéneKalneya)ay
saFarN³ .
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       edIm,IsMerc)ankargarenHminEmnRKan;EtCaerOgluyenaHeT . ehIyk¾minEmntYnaTIrbs;
FnaKarBiPBelakedIm,IedaHRsayvaEtÉkÉgenaHEdr .
       enHKWCaeKalbMNgrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak CYyRbeTsenaH [CYyxøÜnÉgedaybegáItCa
ktalIkrmUlFn nig eKalneya)aytamry³karrYmbBa©ÚlKMnit nigbTBiesaFn_cUlKñaEtmYy
karGPivDÆ»kasTIpSarÉkCn nigkarKaMRTGPi)alkic©l¥ nigRbqaMgGMeBIBukrlYy Edlpþl;[eday
FnFanhirBaØvtßúrbs;eyIg .
                                            5
       vaCaeKalbMNgrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak kñúgkarGPivDÆKMnitsþIGMBIKMeragGnþrCati nig kic©RBm
eRBógnanasþIGMBIBaNiC¢kmμ hirBaØvtßú suxPaB PaBRkIRk karGb;rM nigkarERbRbYlGakasFatu dUcenH
BYkeKGacTTYl)anplRbeyaCn_TaMgGs;enH CaBiessRbeTsRkIRk.
          eyIgKYEtBRgIknUvEdnkMNt;énkarKitKUGMBIeKalneya)ay nigTIpSar niglT§PaBénkarcab;
epþImfμI [elIsBIGVIEdleyIg)aneFVIdEdl CamYynwgkarpþl;»kashirBaØvtßúd¾smehtusmplmYy .
CMhanTI1
        eyIgsUmelIkykeKalKMnitrbs;RkumFnaKarBiPBelakTaMgPaBrwgmaM nigkMlaMg rbs;
Pñak;garTaMg 4 man IBRD, IDA, IFC, nig MIGA . eyIgRtUvEtBRgwgGnþrkmμ nigRbsiTi§PaBrbs;
eyIgEdlCaRkumEtmYy .
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edIm,IEsVgrkkarbric©aKCaFnFanpÞal;xøÜncMnYn 3/5 Ban;landuløar dl; IDA -15. TwkR)ak;enH
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rbs;eyIg KWGaRs½yeTAnwgcMNUlRbcaMqñaM BI IBRD nig IFC EdlRkumRbwkSarbs;EpñkTaMgBIrenH
cUlrYmcMENkCaral;qñaM ehIyeyIgsgÇwmfa eKaledAEdleyIgBRgIkd¾FMenH nwgGaceTArYc .
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enH EdlvaCameFüa)ayhirBaØvtßúsMrab;CYyRbeTsRkIRkbMput nigCaBiessdl;RbCaCnenAGaRhVik.
eyIgTTYl)ankarelIkTwkcitþedaykarKaMRTBIBYkKat;sMrab;lT§plEdleyIgcg;)an . RbeTsenA
tMbn;GaRhVikxagt,Úg )ancUlrYmCamYyeyIg edaysnüapþl; 30 PaKry BImUlniFirbs;xøÜn . \LÚv
enHeyIgRtUvkarRbeTsEdlCasmaCik G-8 nig RbeTsGPivDÆn_epSg²eTot sUmeqøIytbeTAnwg
cMnYnCaelxeTAtamGVIEdlxøÜn)anRbkasenAÉsnñi)at.
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RbesIr ry³eBlb:unμanqñaMcugeRkayenH . EpñkenH epþateTAelI\T§iBlénkarGPivDÆénkargarrbs;
                                             6
xøÜn . qñaMknøgeTA IFC pþl;TwkR)ak; 3/6 Ban;landuløar b¤ 37 PaKryénkarvinieyaKrbs;xøÜnKaMRT
dl;RbeTsEdlKaMRTeday IDA .
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TaMgenaH . IFC k¾)anpSBVpSaymUlniFiehdæarcnasm<½n§ nigsmPaBmIRkU sMrab;RbeTsEdlTTYl
)ankarKaMRTBI IDA. elIsBIenHeTAeTot IDA nig IFC GacshkarKñavinieyaKedIm,IKaMRTPaBCa
édKUrvagvis½ysaFarN³ nig ÉkCn enAkñúgKMeragehdæarcnasm<½n§ CaBiess enAkñúgvis½yfamBl
kardwkCBa¢Ún Twk ksikmμ nigvis½ymIRkUhirBaØvtßú . KMeragTaMgenH GacKaMRTsmahrNkmμénTIpSar
kñúgtMbn; CaBiessvamansar³sMxan;Nas; sMrab;rdæ EdltUc nigEdlCMuCiteTAedaydI ¬Kaμ nsmuRT¦
enATVIbGaRhVik .
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IBRD EdlCaEpñkpþl;hirBaØvtßúsaFarN³ . tMélkm©I)anFøak;cuHdl;GRtakarR)ak;esμIrkMritmYymun

eBlmanvibtiþesdækic©enAGasIu . CMhanenH GacCYy[eyIgman»kassMrab;BRgIkesvarbs;eyIg .
RbeTsEdlCasmaCikrbs; IBRD enAEtsMu[eyIgCYyBYkeKedIm,IsMerc)antMrUvkarnana rbs;eK .
dUcenH kargarrbs; IBRD KYrEtekIneLIgminEmnkic©snüakm©IeT . esvacMruHénkarpþl; km©I nig
cMeNHdwgrbs;eyIg KWmansar³sMxan;xøaMgNas;edIm,ICYyRbeTskñúgkarGPivDÆsgÁm nig karBRgIk
famBl nigehdæarcnasm<½n§enAkñúgbribTmYyedayKitKUGMBIplb:HBal;dl;brisßan . BitNas;
esvakmμrbs;eyIgeTAdl;RbeTsEdlmancMNUlmFümRtUvEtbnþrIkFMdEdl elIsBIkarpþl;km©I .
eyIgRtUvEtedaHRsaytMélminEmnhirBaØvtßúénkareFVIFurkic© ¬GaCIvkmμ¦ . eyIgmaneKalbMNg
[kargarenHedIreTAmuxelOn RbesIr ehIymantMélefak .
       CMhanTaMgenHeTIbEtcab;epþIm . va)anbgðajpøÚveq<aHeTArkkarBRgIkd¾FMmYyeTAGnaKt.
sklPavUbnIykmμRKb;RCugeRCay nigmannirnþrPaBbrisßan ³
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                                            7
PaBRkIRkbgár GesßrPaB CMgW nigkarvinashinehaccMeBaHFnFanFmμCati nigbrisßan . PaBRkIRk
GacnaMeTArk kar)ak;EbksgÁm EdlGackøayeTACakEnøgénvinaskmμ nigkareFVIcMNakRsuk eday
RbfuyRbfanCIvit .
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RbeTsEdlmancMNUlmFüm EdlBYkeKcab;epþImeLIgkaMCeNþIrénkarGPivDÆ cab;taMgBIkarbBa©b;
s®gÁamRtCak;mk . RbeTsCaeRcIn PaBtantwgEpñksgÁm kMBugEteFVI[Tn;exSayPaBRsuHRsYlKña
xagneya)ay . RbeTsEdlmancMNUlmFümTaMgenH RtUvkarbnþkMeNIn nigRtUvkarbBa©Úlkñúgkar
GPivDÆ nigkarTTYlyknUveKalneya)ayEdlKitKUrdl;brisßansMrab;vibulPaB Rbkbeday
nirnþrPaB .
         \T§iBld¾xøaMgkøaénRbeTskMBugGPivDÆ bgðajCasMNYrmYyeTot ³ etIGVICakarcUlrYmrbs;
BYkeKenAkñúgkarGPivDÆRbB½n§sklenH? enHminEmnCasMNYrEtmYy EdlfaetIRbeTskMBugGPivDÆ
FM² nwgeFVIGnþrkmμCamYyRbeTsGPivDÆn_ya:gNa ehIyk¾dUcCakareFVIGnþrkmμCamYyRbeTsRkIRk
bMput nigRbeTstUc²enAkñúgBiPBelak . vanwgkøayCakarcMGkBit²cMeBaHFnaKarBiPBelak kñúgkar
dkxøÜnecjBIRbeTsEdlmancMNUlmFümenAeBlEdlrdæaPi)alTaMgenaHkMBugEtTTYlsÁal;tMrUvkar
smahrNkmμRbeTsTaMgenaH RbkbedayRbsiTi§PaBCagmuncMeBaHkargarkarTUt nigsßab½nsnþisux
neya)ay ³ ehtuGVI)anCaminbBa©ÚlBYkeKCaédKUenAkñúgsßab½nénesdækic©BhuPaKIpgeTA?
        kalBI 2 qñaM mun ´)anesñIreLIgfa RbeTscin ksagPaBeCaKC½yrbs;xøÜnedaykøayeTACa
{GñkBak;B½n§TTYlxusRtUv} enAkñúgRbB½n§GnþrCati . BitNas;mankarRbQmsMrab;RbeTsd¾éTeTot
RbsinebIeyIgcg;TTYl[)ansklPavUbnIykmμRKb;RCugeRCay nigmannirnþrPaBbrisßanmYy .
kñúgkargarTTYlxusRtUvenH BYkeKKYrmansMelg nigtMNag enAkñúgenaH . eyIgRtUvkarrebobvar³
QanmuxmYy edIm,IBRgwgkarcUlrYmBIRbeTskMBugGPivDÆtamry³kargar nigBlkmμrbs;FnaKar
BiPBelak . ´mankarrIkrayNas;eday elakRsI Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala GtItrdæm®nþI )anyl;
RBmRtLb;mkeFVIkar[FnaKarBiPBelakvij EdlCakEnøgEdlelakRsI)aneFVIkarCag 21 qñaM
ehIyeBlenHelakRsImantYnaTIx<s;enAkñúgnaykRKb;RKgrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak .
                                            8
          RbeTsGPivDÆn_ k¾RbQmnwg»kas nigkarb:HBal;énsklPavUbnIykmμenHEdr . KMnitrYm
énsaFarN³CnenARbeTsGPivDÆ naMeKeTArkkarTTYlsÁal;fa BMumaneCaKC½yNa edaysarkar
pþac;xøÜnBYkeK[enAÉekaenaHeT . suPavFm’rYm k¾dUcCakarKitEtBIRbeyaCn_pÞal;xøÜn naMBYkeK[
TTYlsÁal;GnþrGMeBIBwgGaRs½yKñaeTAvijeTAmk ehIyQaneTArkkarBiPakSaKña faetIeFVIya:gNa
edIm,IGnuelamtamva.
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smehtuplmYyedIm,IedaHRsayva . b:uEnþkareFVIkarCamYyédKUBhuPaKIrbs;xøÜn man GgÁkarshRb
CaCati nigPñak;garÉkeTsrbs;eK mUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati GgÁkarBaNiC¢kmμBiPBelak nigFnaKar
GPivDÆn_tamtMbn; FnaKarBiPBelakRtUvedIrtYya:gsMxan;enAkñúgdMeNIrkarQanmuxkñúgsklPavUbnI
ykmμRKb;RCugeRCay nigmannirnþrPaBbrisßan . sßab½nBhuPaKI RtUvEtcUlrYmKaMRT . BYkeKRtUvkar
karrYbrYm karpÁt;pÁg;CamYynwglT§pleBaeBjeTAedayRbsiTi§PaB . BYkeKRtUvCMnHnUvPaBTn;exSay
épÞkñúg nigksagPaBrwgmaMrbs;eK . karcUlrYmeFVIkarTaMgGs;KñaenH eyIgRtUvEtbgðaj[eXIjfa
PaBCaBhuPaKIGaceFVI[kargarTaMgenaHmanRbsiTi§PaBkan;EtRbesIr minEmnRtwmEtbgðajenAkñúg
bnÞab;snñisIT nigesckþIEføgkarenaHeT b:uEnþEsþgecjnUvlT§plenAtamPUmi nig TIRkugEdlman
RbCaCneRcIn EdlBYkeKRtUvkarcaM)ac; .
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       TI 1 FnaKarBiPBelak RbyuT§RbqaMgnwgkarRbQménkarCYyedaHRsayPaBRkIRk nig
CMruj[mankMeNInRbkbedaynirnþrPaBenAkñúgRbeTsRkIRkCageK CaBiessenAkñúgTVIbGaRhVik .
IDA CameFüa)ayhirBaØvtßúsñÚlrbs;eyIgsMrab;RbeTsRkIRkCageKTaMg 81 RbeTs .


        enAkñúgRbeTsTaMgenaH eyIgRtUvkarepþatkarykcitþTukdak;ya:gsMxan; CamYynwgédKUrbs;
eyIgsþIGMBIkarTTYl)annUveKaledAGPivDÆn_shsvtSr_ . tMrUvkarmUldæanTaMgenH nwgerobcMCa
mUldæanRKwHsMrab;GnaKt .
                                              9
        b:uEnþ sarEdl´TTYl)anenAeBlEdl´eFVIdMeNIreTATVIbGaRhVikkalBIExmifuna nigeTAGasIu
kalBIEx sIha KWfa eKaledAGPivDÆn_sgÁm KWRtUvkarCacaM)ac; b:uEnþminRKab;RKan; . B½t’manl¥ KWfa
RbeTsenATVIbGaRhVik cMnYn 17 EdlmanRbCaCn 36 PaKryéntMbn;enH )anTTYlkMeNInRbcaMqñaM
CamFüm 5/5 PaKry BIqñaM 1995 dl; qñaM 2005 . RbeTsTaMgenHRtUvkarCMnYyedIm,Isagsg;
ehdæarcnasm<½n§sMrab;kMeNInx<s;Cagmun CaBiesskñúgvis½yfamBl nigsMNgrUbvnþ EdlGacCYy
KaMRTsmahrNkmμtMbn; . BYkeKRtUvkareyIgCYyGPivDÆTIpSarhirBaØvtßúmUldæan edayrYmTaMg mIRkU
hirBaØvtßú EdlGacCYyekogKrkarsnSMrbs;RbCaCnGaRhVik sMrab;kMeNInenAGaRhVik .
        emdwknaMnanaenATVIbGaRhViksMlwgeXIjskþanuBlénkarBRgIkksikmμ edaybegáIttamry³
kMeNInplitkmμ . r)aykarN_GPivDÆn_BiPBelakrbs;FnaKarBiPBelakEdlnwgecjpSBVpSay
qab;²enH nigelIkeLIgfakMeNInplitplkñúgRsukEdl)anmkBIvis½yksikmμ pþl;GtßRbeyaCn_dl;
GñkRkIRkbMput 4 dg eRcInCagvis½yÉeTot² . eyIgRtUvkarkarerobcMbdivtþébtgstvtSr_TI 21
sMrab;CalkçNHBiess nigtMrUvkarepSg²KñaénTVIbGaRhVik edaykarvinieyaKenAkñúgRsavRCav
nigkarpSBVpSayEbbbec©kviTüa karRKb;RKgdIFøIRbkbedaynirnþrPaB cgVak;pÁt;pÁg;ksikmμ RbB½n§
Farasa®sþ \NTanmIRkUCnbT nigeKalneya)ayEdlBRgwg»kasTIpSar EdlGacCYyRbCaCnenA
CnbTEdlgayrgeRKaH nigGnþisux . RbeTsCaeRcIneTotRtUvEtebIkcMhrTIpSarrbs;eK sMrab;kar
naMecjplitplksikmμ pgEdr .
        RbeTs 8 epSgeTotenATVIbGaRhiVk EdlmanRbCaCn RbmaN 29 PaKry mankMeNIn
mFüm 7/4 PaKry kñúgmYyqñaM cab;taMgBIqñaM 1995 dl; 2005 edaysarFnFaneRbgrbs;eK .
sMrab;RbeTsenH nig RbeTsxøHEdlTTYl)ankarKaMRTeday IDA enAtMbn;ÉeTot² PaBRbQmén
karGPivDÆCaGaTiPaB KWkarelIkTwkcitþ[manGPi)alkic©l¥ nigeKalneya)ayRbqaMgGMeBIBukrlYy
CamYynwgkarBRgIksmtßPaBvis½ysaFarN³enAmUldæan edIm,IFanafacMNUlFnFan CYyksag
RbeTsRbkbedaynirnþrPaBeTAGnaKt nigCaplRbeyaCn_dl;RbCaCnTaMgGs; .
      eyIgk¾man»kaskñúgkarksagCamYyédKUfμI²edIm,ICYyRbeTsRkIRkCageKbMput . FnaKar
BiPBelakkMBugEteFVIkarCamYyRbeTs rusSI cin \NÐa edIm,IKaMRTtMrUvkarRbeTsRkIRknana.
                                                 10
         TI2 eyIgRtUvedaHRsaybBaðaBiesscMeBaHRbeTsEdleTIbEtegIbBICMelaH b¤k¾EsVgrkCMnYy
edIm,IeCosvagkarEbk)ak;enAkñúgRbeTs .
       enAeBlEdlTsSnvis½yenAÉRBItunvUt EdlbegáItCa IBRD kalBI 60 qñaM mun Baküfa
{R} mann½yfakarsþareLIgvijenAGWur:ub nig RbeTsCb:un . enAeBlenH {R} )ancg¥úlbgðajeyIg
[CMnHnUvkarRbQmnanacMeBaHkarsþareLIgvijnUvRbeTsEdlTTYlrgeRKaHedays®gÁam .
         CakaresakesAbMput CMelaHTaMgenH vaminRtwmEtnaM[RbCaCnEdlcUlrYm edaypÞal;rgTukç
evTnab:ueNÑaHeT va)aneFVI[b:HBal;dl;GñkCitxag b¤RbeTsCitxagpgEdr .
        niyayedayRtg; karyl;dwgrbs;eyIgTaMgGs;Kña GMBIrebobedaHRsaykrNIrmhnþray
TaMgenH KWenAmankMrit. ´rMBwgfa eyIgnwgRtUvkarviFIsa®sþcMruHbEnßmeTot kñúgkarcUlrYmenAkñúg
erOgra:vsnþisux Rkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay karksageLIgvijcMeBaHsmtßPaBenACnbT[)anqab;
rh½s kareFVIsmahrNkmμCnPasxøÜneLIgvij nig CMnYyGPivDÆn_RbkbedayPaBbTEbn)an . kar
garksagrbs;FnaKarBiPBelakenARbeTs bUsnI r:Uva:n;da nig mUsuaMbiuk bgðajnUvGVIEdlGaceFVIeTA
)an . karTTYlykrbs; IDA nigkarbeBa©jhirBaØvtßú)anelOn )anpþl;sar³sMxan;ya:gxøaMgsMrab;
RbeTsEdlegIbBICMelaH ehIyeyIgkMBugEteFVIkarCamYym©as;CMnYy edIm,IbegáInRbsiTi§PaBkargar
rbs;eyIg.
          eBlenH eyIgeFVIkarenAtMbn;PaKxagt,ÚgRbeTs sUdg; lIebrIya: lI)aNn; saFarN³rdækug
ehÁa bUr:unDI GIuv:UrIkUsþ Gg;ehÁaLa Tim½relesþ )a:BYrjÚKIeN RbeTskñúgekaH)a:sIuhVik GabhÁanIsßan nig
éhTI ehIykñúgcMeNamRbeTsTaMgenaH KWCaerOy²tamry³mUlniFimrtkEdlbegáIteLIgedaym©as;
CMnYynana edaymankarrYmkMlaMgBIGgÁkarshRbCaCati . RbsinebImankic©RBmeRBógsnþiPaBcUl
CaFrmanmYyenAdahVÜ EdlKaMRTedaykMlaMgsnþisuxd¾rwgmaMrbs; UN-AU FnaKarBiPBelaknwgcg;
CYyenATIenaHeTot .
      TI3 FnaKarBiPBelakRtUvkarKMrUénkareFVICMnYjepSg²eRcInEfmeTotsMrab;RbeTsEdlman
cMNUlmFümEdlKaMRTeday IBRD . kñúgkrNICaeRcIn karekIneLIg kMeNInya:gqab;rh½s )an
                                            11
braC½ykñúgkarpþl;»kasdl;RbCaCnRkIRk . esvasgÁm enAEtBMumanfvikaRKb;RKan; . bBaðabrisßan
enAEtmanTMhMFMeFg . ehIyenAbnþkarlM)akkñúglMhUrénTuneTAdl;RbeTsTaMgenH dUcCaRbeTs
EdleyIg)aneXIjcab;taMgBITsvtSr_qñaM 1980 nig 1990.
        edaykarTTYlsÁal;krNIRbQmTaMgenH smaCikenAkñúgRbeTsEdlmancMNUlmFümrbs;
eyIg cg;[FnaKarBiPBelakbnþcUlrYmCamYyBYkeKtamry³begáItkmμviFI {dMeNaHRsay edIm,I
GPivDÆn_} edaymankarRbkYtRbECg. b:uEnþkarcUlrYmenH RtUvkarqøúHbBa©aMgeTAnwgkarEklMGya:g
RbesIrenAkñúgCMhrhirBaØvtßúrbs;eK nig smtßPaBsßab½nnaTsvtSr_knøgmk . ]TahrN_fa BYkeK
cg;)an IBRD pþl;esvaFnaKarEdlGacmanlkçN³bt;EbnCagmun nigmantMélRbesIr ¬efak¦
ehIybnßykariyaFibetyü nigeqøIytb[)anya:gqab;rh½s . BYkeKkMBugsMlwgemIl IFC edIm,I
CYyGPivDÆdMeNaHRsayvis½yÉkCn sMrab;TIpSarminmankarGPivDÆ nig CatMrUvkar[manesvasgÁm
RbesIr . BYkeKkMBugEtCMruj[eyIgbegáInsþg;darKuNPaBRbesIrCagmun smRsbnwgkal³eTs³
nigRbsiTi§PaBéntMél cMeBaHesvaRbwkSarbs;eyIg . srubmk BYkeKcg;[mandMeNIrkar ehIycMNuc
enHehIy KWCaGVIEdleyIgmanbMNg; edIm,Ipþl;[BYkeK .
       sMrab;RbeTsEdlmancMNUlmFümxøH esvakmμrbs;eyIg nigekIneLIgenAkñúgvis½yRKb;RKg
haniP½y nig kareRbIR)as;CMnajCaskledIm,ItMrUvkarmUldæan . eyIgGacpþl;karelIkkMBs;
\NTan karkarBar nig CMnajEdlman sMrab;CYyksagsmtßPaBRKb;RKgRTBüskmμ . eyIgGac
elIkTwkcitþ[manTIpSarsnþisuxmUldæan edayCYyksagmUlniFimUlb½RtrUbiyvtßú nigkarENnaM .
eyIgGacpþl;hirBaØvtßúdl;rUbiyvtßúmUldæanedIm,ICYyP¢ab;kmμviFIkm©Irbs;eyIgCamYynwgkarRKb;RKg
haniP½yxagrUbiyvtßú . edIm,IelIkTwkcitþkMeNInedaymankarcUlrYmenAkñúgRbeTs eyIgGaceFVIkar
CamYyGaCJaFrenAfñak;eRkamCati . eyIgeBlenHkMBugEtbegáItmeFüa)ayhirBaØvtßú GaRs½yKñaeTA
vijeTAmk edIm,ICYytMrUvkarCabnÞan;nUvsnÞniyPaB ¬RTBüskmμgayRsYlbþÚryksac;R)ak;¦ kñúg
eBlEdlBYkeKCYbbBaða hirBaØvtßú k¾dUcCakarFanara:b;rgTIpSar edIm,I[manPaBTUlMTUlay nigkat;
bnßytMélcMeBaHeRKaH mhnþrayFmμCati dUcCa BüúHehIrIexn nigrMCYydI . skmμPaBxøH RbEhlCa
GacnaM[eyIgbgðaj nUvrebobrbbd¾RbesIrsMrab;pþl;esva nigcMeNHdwgsMrab;kMéredIm,Ipþl;[
RbeTsEdlCaGtifiCn rbs;eyIgnUvCMerIsmYyénkarpÁg;pÁg;edayman b¤ edayminmanhirBaØvtßú .
                                            12
         TI 4 FnaKarBiPBelak RtUvedIrtYya:gskmμEfmeTotkñúgkarBenøÓnRTBüsm,tiþsaFarN³
TaMgenAkñúgtMbn; nigkñúgBiPBelak EdlebIkRBMEdnénRbeTsnImYy² ehIypþl;GtßRbeyaCn_dl;
RbeTsCaeRcIn nig RbCaBlrdærbs;eK . vaKWCakarGMBavnavrbs;eyIg edIm,IFanafa rebobvar³enH
KWmanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgeKalbMNgénkarGPivDÆ . kargarrbs;eyIgsþIGMBIRTBüsm,tiþsaFarN³enA
kñúgtMbn; nig enAelIsklelak nwgTamTar [mankic©shkard¾CitsñitCamYyPñak;garEdlman
CMnajÉkeTs dUcCa WHO, UNEP, UNODC nig WTO .
        FnaKarBiPBelak )anbgðaj[eXIjrYcral;ehIynUvskþanuBl edIm,ICYyRbqaMgnwgCMgWqøg
tamry³kargarrbs;eyIgcMeBaHCMgW HIV/AIDS RKuncaj; RKunpþasaybkSI nigkarGPivDÆfñaMvak;
saMgcak;bgáaeraK . eyIgkMBugEtsßitenAcMkNþalvifIénkarBinitüemIleLIgvij edIm,IBRgwgTMnak;
TMngKñarvagCMnYy nig BaNiC¢kmμ .
         eyIgkMBugEteFVIkarCamYyRkumRbwkSaPi)alrbs;eyIg cMeBaHCMhansMrab;CMnYyrbs;eyIg
eTAdl;kic©xitxMRbwgERbgCaGnþrCati edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðabMErbMrYlGakasFatu . enAÉsniñ)at
bMErbMrYlGakasFatu rbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatiEdlnwgR)arBVeFVIeLIgenAekaH)alInaExFñÚenH ´sgÇwm
fa nwgman»kaselIk BIeKalbMNgcMeBaHKMeragEdlFnaKarBiPBelakGacCYydak;bBa©ÚlnUvtMrUv
karénkarGPivDÆ nig eFVI[mankMritTabénkMeNInbMPay]sμ½nkabUnic . eyIgRtUvEtepþatkaryk
citþTukdak;rbs;eyIg CaBiess cMeBaHcMNab;GarmμN_rbs;RbeTskMBugGPivDÆ dUcenHeyIgGac
edaHRsaybBaðaRbQménbMErbMrYlGakasFatu edaymineFVI[Gak;xandl;kMeNInEdlvaGacCYydl;
karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk .
        eKaledAsMxan;rbs;eyIg nigCYyRbeTsedIm,IbeRBa¢óbkarsMrb;xøÜn nig karsMraldl;
skmμPaBenAkñúgyuT§sa®sþkMeNInrbs;eK edayrYmTaMgEpnkarsMrab;karGPivDÆfamBl ksikmμ nig
kareRbIR)as;dIFøI . FnaKarBiPBelak Gacpþl;nUvrebobrbbfμI² nigynþkarpþl;hirBaØvtßú manCaGaT×
mUlniFiPaBCaédKUkabUnéRBeQI edIm,Ikat;bnßykarsMrbxøÜn nigkarekIneLIgnUvbec©kviTüafμI² .
CamYynwgBaNiC¢kmμkabUn eyIgCaGñkEdlbBa©ÚÜlrebobfμI² nig»kassMrab;ynþkarTIpSarfμI nig
                                           13
enAkñúgmeFüa)ayedIm,ICYyRbeTskMBugGPivDÆ . eyIgk¾GacCMrujkarbegáIteKalneya)ay
saFarN³ nigbriyakasGaCIvkmμEdlGacTak;TajTunÉkCnedIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmenH .
         RbeTsRkIRk nigRbCaCnRkIRkKWCaGñkEdlTTYlhaniP½yeRcInCageKBI\T§iBlénbMErbMrYl
GakasFatuenH . FnaKarBiPBelak GacKaMRTkarbegáInPaBnwgn+eLIgvijcMeBaHhaniP½yénGakas
Fatu . eyIgGacCMrujPaBQanmuxcMeBaHbec©kviTüa nigkarsMrbtam CaBiessenARbeTskMBug
GPivDÆ . ]TahrN_ smtßPaBfμIedIm,IGnuBaØatkarplitNaEdlGacRsUbykkabUn KWCaerOgsMxan;
Nas; . edIm,IBRgwglT§PaBRbeTskMBugGPivDÆkñúgkarkMNt;yuT§sa®sþkMeNIn nig karsMrbtam
nana EdlbeBa©jbrimaN]sμ½nkabUnicTab eyIgGacKaMRTkarsikSaRsavRCav nigkarGPivDÆcMeNH
dwgsþIGMBIesdækic©énkarERbRbYlGakasFatu enAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆ .
        GaRs½yelIKMeragénskmμPaBKaMRTenH nigcMeNHdwgEdleyIgman FnaKarBiPBelak nwg
GacCYypþl;mtieyabl;dl;karBiPakSaeKalneya)ayCaGnþrCati sþIGMBIlT§PaBEdlGacman
sMrab;karERbRbYlGakasFatu .
       b:uEnþ enHminEmnCakaredaHdUrrvagkMeNIn nigkarykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHbrisßan . RbeTskMBug
GPivDÆ nigCaBiessRbCaCnenAGaRhVik RBYy)armÖfa FnFansMrab;karERbRbYlGakasFatu nwgkøay
CakarcMNayénhirBaØvtßúsMrab;tMrUvkarGPivDÆn_KnøwHepSg²eTot . enHCaehtuplmYyeTot Edl
RbeTsGPivDÆn_RtUvEtsMrbkarbriyayCamYynwgFnFanrbs;eKcUlrYmcMENkenAkñúg IDA 15 .
        TI 5 cMNucmYyénkarRbQmd¾tantwgnanaEdleyIgGackt;sMKal;)anéneBlevlarbs;
eyIg KWfaetIeyIgKaMRTcMeBaHRbeTsenABiPBGara:b;ya:gNa cMeBaHkarEsVgrkPaBeCOnelOn én
karGPivDÆ nig»kas . kalBIGtItkal tMbn;TaMgenaH CamCÄmNÐlBaNiC¢kmμ nig kareronsURt
ehIyeBlenHRbeTsTaMgenaHmanskþanuBleRcIn RbsinebIeKGacpøas;bþÚrQan[ecjBIbBaða nig
]bsKÁraraMgnana edIm,IkMeNIn nig karGPivDÆsgÁm . edayKμankMeNInd¾TUlMTUlay RbeTsTaMg
enaH nwgRbQmnwgPaBtantwgenAkñúgsgÁm ehIycMnYnmnusSeBjv½yd¾eRcInelIslub Kμankargar .
r)aykarN_GPivDÆn_mnusSenAGara:b;EdleFVIeLIgedayGgÁkarshRbCaCati pþl;sar³sMxan;sMrab;
kareFVIsV½yvaytMéledayxøÜnÉg .
                                           14
         kalBIeBlEdl´bMerIkargarCatMNagEpñkBaNiC¢kmμrbs;shrdæGaemrik ´)aneFVIkarya:g
CitsñitCamYyemdwknaMCaeRcIn BIPUmiPaK Maghreb eTAdl;QUgsmuRT EdlCakEnøgebIkcMhr
esdækic© nig sgÁm . RbeTsxøHmanFnFanfamBl nig Tunmhasal b:uEnþnanaPaBxagesdækic© nig
lT§PaBtictUcNas;edIm,IbegáItkargar . RbeTsxøH eBlenaH EsVgrkkarEklMGsalaeron BRgwg
énkarTTYlykbec©kviTüa nig BRgIkkargar tamry³CMnYjminc,as;las; nig tamry³BaNiC¢kmμ .
enAeBlenaH RbeTsmYycMnYn GaRs½yelIplitkmμEdlP¢ab;eTAnwgRbeTsenAGasIu tamry³kar
vinieyaKqøgRbeTs BaNiC¢kmμ nigkMeNInmCÄmNÐlesvakmμ .
        r)aykarN_ {eFVIGaCIvkmμqñaM 2008} rbs;eyIgnaeBlfμI²enH )anbgðajfamandMeNIrkar
RbesIr . RbeTseGsIub sßitenAkMBUléntaragénniytkmμkMENTMrg;esdækic©edIm,IeFVI[manPaBgay
RsYlkñúgkargarGaCIvkmμ . RbeTs Gara:bI savDI )anbM)at;ecalnUvkariyaFibetyüEdlFøab;eFVI[
RbeTsenH CaRbeTslM)akCageKbMputkñúgkareFVIGaCIvkmμ ehIyk¾)anbnßytMrUvkaredImTun[enA
kMritGb,rma .
         mankarelIkTwkcitþcMeBaHkarGPivDÆ b:uEnþk¾enAmankargarCaeRcIneTotEdrEdlRtUveFVI .
sklPavUbnIykmμRKb;RCugeRCaymYy RtUvEtpþl;GtßRbeyaCn_sMrab;RbCaCnTaMgGs;enAkñgtMbn;
enH . dUcEdlrdæaPi)alnanarbs;BiPBGara:b EsVgrkkarpþl;esvasgÁmRbkbedayRbsiTi§PaBdl;
RbCaCnrbs;eKTaMgGs;Kña eyIgGacpþl;bTBiesaFn_EdlGaceRbobeFob)an . eyIgGacCYykñúg
karbegáItbriyakassVaKmn_sMrab;kareFVIGaCIvkmμ . kñúgkrNI xøHeyIgRbEhlCaGacpþl;hirBaØvtßú
sMrab;KMeragGPivDÆn_ RbtibtiþmUlniFimrtkrbs;m©as;CMnYy b¤ CYyBRgIkesvakmμvis½yÉkCn tam
ry³kmμviFIrbs; IFC . naeBlenH eyIgkMBugEtCYypþl;esvasgÁmmUldæan nig KaMRTGPi)alkic©l¥
nigkMeNInvis½yÉkCn enATwkdIRbeTs)a:elsÞin EdlvaGac pþl;mUldæanRKwHesdækic©sMrab;CakþI
sgÇwm RbsinebIPaKITaMgGs;eRCIserIsykmaKa’sMrab;snþiPaB .
       xcugeRkay xNHEdlFnaKarBiPBelak mankMrit xaghirBaØvtßú nigGaCIvkmμsMrab;kar
GPivDÆ eyIgsUm[mankarcUlrYmeRcIneTotBIGñkÉeTot . FnaKarBiPBelak KWCasßab½nEtmYy nig
Biess sMrab;cMeNHdwg nig emeron¼bTBiesaFn_ . b:uEnþvaminEmnCasaklviTüal½yeT vaKWCa
                                             15
CaRkum :TMnukcitþ¬RkumCMnajEdlpþl;mtixageKalneya)ay nigyuT§sa®sþ¦mYy énbTBiesaFn_ Edl
GacykeTAGnuvtþ)an ehIynwgCYyeyIgedaHRsay RbFanbTCayuT§sa®sþTaMg 5 xagelI . kar
pþl;karBRgIk nigkarsakl,gcMeNHdwgenH ¬TaMgBIrTaMgCamYy hirBaØvtßú b¤ edayELk¦ KICaEpñk
d¾sMxan;bMputénkargarrbs;eyIg .
        eyIgk¾RtUvEtbnþ ecaTsYrxøÜneyIgfa ³ etIGVIEdlnaM[eyIgTTYl)ankarGPivDÆRKb;RCug nig
mannirnþrPaB nigkMeNIn?
        karRbQmenH TamTar[manesckþIeKarB nigPaBesμaHRtg;énbBaØa . KMerag nig subin én
karGPivDÆCaeRcIn )anTTYlbraC½y . enHminEmnCaehtuplénkarbBaÄb;karBüayamenaHeT . va
KWbgá[eyIgbnþ nigmwugm:at;énkarepþatkarykcitþTukdak;elIlT§pl nig karvaytMélelI
RbsiTi§PaBkargar.
         RbFanbTCayuT§sa®sþTaMg 6 enH pþl;CaTisedAmYy ehIyeyIgRtUvBiPakSa karBinitü[)an
l¥itl¥n;eLIgvij nigkarEklMGva . eyIgsUmsVaKmn_cMeBaHmtieyabl; nig karENnaMBIm©as;PaK
h‘unrbs;eyIg . mantMrUvkard¾RbesIrmYy nigCMruj[man»kas sMrab;FnaKarBiPBelak enAeBl
enH vaCaRbvtiþsa®sþmYy .
karRbQmépÞkñúg³ GPi)alkic©l¥ nigkarRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgGMeBIBukrlYy
           edIm,ITTYl)aneCaKC½y FnaKarBiPBelakRtUvEtCMnH[)annUvbBaðaRbQmépÞkñúgrbs;xøÜn .
eyIgRtUvEteRbIR)as;Tunrbs;eyIg[manRbsiTi§PaBEfmeTot nig epþatbEnßmelIesvaGtifiCn .
eyIgRtUvEtdak;bBa©ÚlGMNacrbs;®sþIenARKb;rebobvar³rbs;eyIg . eyIgKYEtBRgwgTMnak;TMngrbs;
eyIgCamYyGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil nigGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al dUcenH eyIgGaceronsURt)anBIBYkKat;.
qøúHbBa©aMgeTAnwg {sßabtükmμénCMnYy} fμI eyIgRtUvEteFVIkar[manRbsiTi§PaBEfmeTot CamYy
kmv μ iFICMnYyCati mUlniFiTaMgenaHepþatelIKMeragBisþar dUcCa CMgW mUldæanRKwHnana GgÁkarminEmn
rdæaPi)alenAtamRbeTs nig GaCIvkmμvis½yÉkCnEdlmancMNab;GarmμN_enAkñúgkarGPivDÆRbkb
                                           16
edaykarRbQmTaMgenH . eyIgRtUvkarsMelg nigtMNag eRcInEfmeTotBIRkumRbwkSarbs;eyIg nig
nanaPaBenAkñúgkMlaMgkargarrbs;eyIg .
         dUcEdlr)aykarN_fμI²mYyénbTBiesaFn_KN³vinicä½ymYy EdldwknaMedayGtItRbFan
RkumRbwkSabMrugshB½n§ elak Paul Volcker KUsbBa¢ak; eyIgk¾RtUvEtBRgwgkviFIsa®sþrbs;eyIg
edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaGPi)alkic© nig GMeBIBukrlYy . KN³vinicä½y)anpþl;[eyIgnUvGnusasn_d¾man
tMél edIm,IBicarNa . eyIgRbtibtiþtamCabnÞab; nigkarsVaKmn_TsSn³epSg² nigkarBiPakSaKMnit
TaMgenHCamYyRkumRbwkSarbs;eyIg nwgQaneq<aHeTArkkarEklMGRbtibtiþkarrbs;eyIg .
       tambTBiesaFn_rbs;´ ´eXIjfa buKÁlikrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak TTYlsÁal;GMBIsar³sMxan;
énrebobvar³GPi)alkic© nig karRbqaMgeTAnwgGMeBIBuklYy . BYkeKmanemaTnPaBcMeBaHebskkmμ
GPivDÆn_EdleKkMBugbMerI nigcg;elIkkMBs;sucrwtPaBénsßab½nrbs;eK ehIy)andwgfa GMeBIBukrlYy
)anlYyplRbeyaCn_d¾eRcInbMputBIGñkRk nigGñkEdlKμanGMNac . eyIgnwgeFVI[RbesIrCamYyKña.
         FnaKarBiPBelak Gacpþl;PaBCaGñkdwknaM edaydak;bBa©ÚleKalneya)ayGPi)alkic©l¥
nig nItirdæ eTAkñúgrebobvar³énkarGPivDÆ . ExmunenH eyIg)ancUlrYmCamYyGgÁkarshRbCaCati
pSBVpSayKMnitpþÜcepþIm kareRsacRsg;eLIgvijcMeBaHRTBüsm,tiþEdleK)anlYc ¬StAR¦ edIm,I
pþl;»kas[RbeTsGPivDÆn_ nig RbeTskMBugGPivDÆ eFVIkarCamYyKña edIm,Ise®gÁaHeLIgvijnUvkar
lYy bøn;hirBaØvtßúedayGMeBIBukrlYy . manRbeTseRcInehIy EdlesñIrsMu[eyIgCYy.
esckþIsnñidæan
         mankargareRcInEdlFnaKarBiPBelakGaceFVI[køayCaktþalIkrmYysMrab;sklPavUbnI
ykmμRKb;RCugeRCay nig nirnþrPaBbrisßan b:uEnþeyIgminGaceFVIEtmñak;Ég)aneT . ´mankarrIkray
Nas;cMeBaHshkarIrbs;eyIgenAGWr:ubsMrab;karbegáItKMnitpþÜcepþIm Edl)andak;mk[eyIgtaMgBI´
cab;epþImtMENgenH . b:uEnþenAmantMrUvkarsMxan;²eTot sMrab;RbeTskMBugGPivDÆ edIm,IeFVIsma
hrNkmμkic©xitxMRbwgERbgCMnYyBhuvis½yeTAkñúgEpnkarRsuHRsYlKña . IDA cUlrYmenAkñúgkmμviFI
GPivDÆn_mankarRsuHRsYlKña edayepþateTAelIlT§pl RbsiTi§PaB nigPaBCam©as;énCatirbs;eK .
                                           17
´dwgfa rdæm®nþIRksYghirBaØvtßú manGMNacenAkñúgkarGnuvtþfvika³ eyIgcg;[BYkKat;eRbIR)as;GMNac
enH sMrab;KitKUdl;RbCaCnRkIRk edayBenøÓnkarcUlrYmcMENkBI IDA . FnaKarBiPBelak )an
snüaCaTwkR)ak;cMnYn 3/5 Ban;landuløa {pþl;luyCamYynwgRbtibtiþkarCak;Esþg - put our money
where our mouth is } cuHelak elakRsI etInwgeFVIEbbenHeT?


       elakRbFan¡ vanwgmanmUldæanrwgmaMmYyénkarebþCJaBhuPaKI edIm,IPaBrIkcMerInBiPBelak
RbsinebIsmaCikénRbeTs G-8 nigRbeTsGPivDÆn_nana bMeBjtamkarsnüarbs;eKenA
Gleneargles kñúgkarbegáInCMnYydl;RbeTsenAGaRhVik nigRbeTsEdlRkIRkCageKbMput .


        vanwgmanmUldæanrwgmaMmYyénkarebþCJaBhuPaKI edIm,IPaBrIkcMerInBiPBelak RbsinebI
smaCikénGgÁkarBaNiC¢kmμBiPBelakTTYl)aneCaKC½yénrebobvar³GPivDÆn_dUharbs;eK .
enAcugs)aþh_enH elak )a:sáal LamI GKÁnaykGgÁkar WTO manRbsasn_fa karedaHRsayTaMg
enaH GaceTArYc ehIyenHRbEhlCa»kascugeRkayrbs;eyIgedIm,ITTYl)aneCaKC½y . ´yl;
RsbCamYyKat; . FnaKarBiPBelak nwgeFVIGVI²TaMgGs;EdlxøÜnGaceFVI)an edIm,ICYyRbeTskMBug
GPivDÆc,amykplRbeyaCn_BIkarebIkcMhrTIpSarEfmeTot nig karkat;bnßyya:geRcIncMeBaH
]btßmÖFn .
       RbCaCn)andwgya:gc,as;faminmanCMerIsedaybeNþay[xøÜnenAÉkekareT . BYkeK)andwg
faeyIgCaEpñkmYyénGVIEdlFMelIsBIxøÜneyIgeTAeTot . minfaEteyIgCatMNagrdæaPi)al b¤ sßab½n
BhuPaKIeT sUm[eyIgbgðajfaeyIgmankarRbemIlemIleTAmux nigkarebþCJacitþ nigRbtibtiþeTAtam
knøgRbesIr edIm,IeFVI[sklPavUbnIykmμmanplRbeyaCn_sMrab;TaMgGs;Kña .