Fiji 60 9 45 8 50 40 7 40 6 35 5 30 4 30 20 3 2 25 10 1 0 0 20 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Poverty International Poverty Line Lower Middle IC Line GDP per capita rate (Thousand) (%) Upper Middle IC Line National Poverty Line GDP per capita (US$2011 PPP) KEY INDICATORS (distribution among groups) International Poverty Line (%) Relative Group (%) Year Poor Non-Poor Bottom 40 Top 60 Urban population 1 99 34 66 2013 Rural population 1 99 47 53 2013 Males 1 99 40 60 2013 Females 1 99 40 60 2013 0 to 14 years old 2 98 52 48 2013 15 to 64 years old 1 99 36 64 2013 65 and older 1 99 33 67 2013 Without education (age 16 and older) 2 98 38 62 2013 Primary education (age 16 and older) 1 99 43 57 2013 Secondary education (age 16 and older) 1 99 36 64 2013 Tertiary/post-secondary education (age 16 and older) 0 100 12 88 2013 International measures of poverty are ideally derived using consistent methodology (to the extent that this is possible with the available data) with an aim to facilitate the meaningful comparison across countries. For Fiji, the international poverty statistics reflect levels of per capita consumption, with nominal values adjusted for estimated differences in the cost of living across rural and urban areas. Fiji has two alternative national measures of basic needs poverty based on income and consumption data (with the latter constructed with World Bank assistance), which are derived using slightly different methodologies. For the income poverty measure, the poverty line reflects basic needs for Fijians in 2002–03, the food basket is exogenously defined, and food and non-food basic needs are assessed separately across rural and urban areas. For the consumption poverty measure, the poverty line reflects basic needs as defined in 2008–09, the food basket is implicitly defined, and a single food poverty line is applied across rural and urban areas, while the non-food component is derived separately for rural and urban areas. Both measures are based on an adult-equivalence benchmark, assuming children under age 15 have half the level of adult basic needs. The income-based headcount rate was 35 percent in 2002–03, 31 percent in 2008–09, and 28 percent in 2013–14. The numbers presented in this brief are based on the EAPPOV database. EAPPOV is a database of socio-economic statistics constructed using microdata from household surveys in the East Asia and the Pacific (EAP) region and is managed by the East Asia & Pacific Team for Statistical Development (EAPTSD). As of April 2017, the collection includes 19 countries and 78 surveys. Harmonized surveys in the EAPPOV database are compiled into 4 modules following Global Monitoring Database (GMD) Harmonization guidelines. A subset of the harmonized variables form the basis of the GMD collection, including the welfare aggregate which is used for Global Poverty Monitoring. Terms of use of the data adhere to agreements with the original data producers.