88353 CF-Assist Annual Report 2014 Promoting Low Emissions Development Strategies Capacity Building Low Emissions Development Carbon Pricing Climate Smart Agriculture Green Growth Knowledge Sharing New Market Mechanisms NAMAs 1 Sustainable Energy Climate Finance Table of Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 2013-14 Milestones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 1. CF-Assist: 2013–14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 2. CF-Assist Work Program Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 2.1. Climate Finance 2.2. Policy Instruments and Carbon Pricing 2.3. Cities and Climate Change 3. CF-Assist: Looking Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 4. Annex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2 Foreword Neeraj Prasad Manager, Climate Change World Bank Group The science is clear: Human activity is roll back decades of development. That is has built capacity on the “know-how” of services, to delivering cross-cutting the cause of global warming, and major why we at the World Bank Group (WBG) climate finance and low carbon develop- solutions. changes—from the thinning of polar ice are stepping up our mitigation, adapta- ment. This year, CF-Assist has delivered in the Arctic to droughts in Asia—are tion, and disaster risk management high quality capacity building activities. Over the years, I have repeatedly already being observed. Recent experience work, and will increasingly look at all our We also managed to adapt to newer ways wondered what government and private is a stark reminder that no country—rich business through a climate lens. of doing things, by scaling up our online entities most need to do in order to or poor—is immune from the impacts of presence and collaborating with partners combat climate change. Whatever the climate-related disasters today. We have to ensure that the WBG has on a higher level. In particular, we answer to that, one thing is certain: the best evidence of climate impact on successfully supported the 1st ever WBG Climate action will happen only if A few months ago, the 39th the poorest and the most valuable tools MOOC on “Turn down the Heat: Why a we have the necessary knowledge, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate for climate action, focusing on carbon 4˚C Warmer World Must be Avoided” and knowledge will not translate into Change (IPCC) once again warned us pricing, subsidy reform, climate-smart with over 19,000 people participating practice without learning. Learning about the severity of climate change agriculture, livable cities, and energy. We from around the world. The team also products are indispensable for making outcomes. We need to bear in mind need to embed climate risk, opportunity, continued to collaborate with partners climate action a reality. that, the sooner we start to tackle the and resilience into everything we do: to leverage national and regional climate problem, the better our chances of country strategies, internal processes, finance instruments, which benefited Through this journey, we have been sus- fixing it and, more importantly, the learning and knowledge. We plan to policy makers and practitioners. All these tained by the continuous support from lower the cost. However, combating develop climate indicators across WBG achievements have been made by a small our donors in Spain and Switzerland. climate change won’t be easy. The IPCC and harmonize them with partners. Last team providing the most down-to-earth Their guidance has been instrumental in report confirms that we need to act but not least, we must mobilize finance knowledge products to policy makers, reshaping the contents of our program. now because the window for action is for low carbon growth and resilient businesses, and the general public. We look forward to continuing with this closing quickly. What is worse is that we investment. engagement. are still arguing about how to deal with Looking ahead, we see unprecedented climate change to achieve agreement The CF-Assist Trust Fund is keenly focused demand for WBG to advance knowledge by COP 21 in 2015. Without bold action on these new visions of the Climate and advisory services on climate change, now, a warming planet threatens to put Change Group. By translating knowledge from support to lending and convening prosperity out of reach of millions and into action through learning, CF-Assist 3 2013–14 Milestones Face-to-face Activities Climate Finance • The 10th anniversary of Carbon Expo converged Policy Instruments 2,200 visitors from over 100 countries and Carbon Pricing • Over 500 participants attended 3 LEDS GP events in Asia, Latin America and Africa Cities and Climate • A wide variety of topics discussed by more than Change 1,100 participants during 3 regional knowledge sharing fora LEDS GP: Africa LEDS Partnership regional workshop LEDS GP: 2nd Latin American Regional World Urban Forum (WUF): LEDS Meeting Assessing Sustainability Utility Scale Solar Benefits from Urban Accessing Finance Green Growth Projects Projects’ Workshop for Green Growth India Climate Policy and LEDS’ and Business Conclave Workshop Africa Carbon CitiSense Forum Workshop Malawi Leadership LEDS GP: Asia April for Climate Change LEDS Forum 2013 2014 Latin American March Central Asia Carbon Forum Climate December 2014 Knowledge November 2013 Forum 2013 Global Carbon October Expo 2013 2013 September August 2013 July 2013 2013 June May 2013 2013 4 Webinar: Lowering E-course: El Cities’ GHG Emissions: E-Course: cambio climático Examining the role Cities and y el liderazgo de of market-based options Climate Change II las ciudades II E-Course: Policy Instruments E-Course: for Low Emissions May Cities and Webinar: Energizing Development: 2014 April Climate Green Cities in From Design to March Change I Southeast Asia Implementation 2014 2014 February January 2014 E-Course: Emissions 2014 Trading Systems: Using Markets to November Webinar Series: Promote Low PoA and Beyond Emissions Development 2013 E-course: Emissions E-Course: Low E-Course: Trading Systems: Using Carbon Development: Energy Sector Markets to Promote Planning and Strategies to Webinar: Low Emissions Modeling II Support Green October Metabolism Development II Growth II September 2013 of Megacities 2013 E-Course: MOOC: Turn E-Course: Economics Low Carbon Down the Heat: of Climate-Resilient E-course: E-Course: Saving Development: Why a 4°C Warmer Development II El cambio Energy Through Planning and World Must be climático y el Energy Savings Modeling I Avoided liderazgo de Performance Webinar Series: E-Course: las ciudades I Contracts E-Course: LEDS LAC Pre- Energy Sector Energy and Post-2nd Latin American Regional Strategies to Support Green Online Knowledge Sharing Efficiency in Public LEDS Meeting Growth I • 14 E-courses and 17 webinars attended by over 3,200 learners Buildings representing all regions around the world • Over 11,000 active learners participated in the 1st ever World Bank Group MOOC course “Turn Down the Heat: Why a 4°C Warmer World Must be Avoided” • 95% of participants rated 4 out of 5 on all the E-courses facilitated throughout 2013–2014 • The “PoA and Beyond” webinar series, in collaboration with UNDP, gathered over 300 participants of which more than 40 are members in related Community of Practice on the Climate Finance Options platform 5 1. CF-Assist: 2013–14 stakeholders across the globe have CF-Assist’s evolving work program “CF-Assist is a global capacity building taken CF-Assist facilitated e-courses focuses on three strategic priority areas2: since 2010; this is a testament to the program that helps key stakeholders in client program’s unique capacity to scale-up • Climate Finance knowledge and reach audiences that countries to advance their work on climate Containing global temperatures would not otherwise have access to such below 2 degrees Celsius above pre- a wealth of information. finance and low emissions development industrial levels will require a global transformation in production and As part of the Climate Change using a mix of tools including innovative Vice-Presidency, CF-Assist is now consumption processes. The scale of the financial challenge to achieve fully complementing other key online learning products, knowledge sharing climate change initiatives, including this transformation is in the order of hundreds of billions of US dollars. The Policy & Finance, Partnership for platforms and collaborative leadership Market Readiness (PMR), and Climate financing available and the capacities to absorb resources vary across Investment Funds (CIFs). CF-Assist has programs.” its unique specialization in knowledge, different countries; whereas developed countries have internal capacities to learning and partnerships for climate generate and use climate finance, many policy and finance. While the CIFs focus developing countries lack the financial on programmatic climate finance deliv- a large number of practitioners in all resources necessary or the institutional, CF-Assist is a multi-donor trust fund ery, the Carbon Funds focus on carbon regions, in a cost-effective manner. policy, and skills systems to use climate program, currently supported by finance, and the PMR provides technical finance effectively. Spain and Switzerland.1 It was initially assistance to build market readiness and designed to help developing countries Since 2009, CF-Assist has expanded its utilize innovative instruments, CF-Assist original scope and set strategic targets Therefore, actions to promote and economies in transition to partici- is specifically dedicated to capturing that respond to dynamic corporate and low-emission and climate-resilient pate in the carbon market and benefit and enhancing knowledge, learning global priorities, such as the ongoing development must be largely public from the flexible mechanisms under the and coalitions on climate finance and Kyoto Protocol. Despite its relatively negotiations for a new international policy. With a global scope and reach, small size, CF-Assist has been able to climate change regime, the World Bank’s CF-Assist has converted this knowledge 2 The majority of activities under the CF-Assist leverage partnerships strategically and Strategic Framework on Development into pioneering learning products and work program overlap with each other. For build on existing platforms to reach and Climate Change, poverty reduction knowledge exchange activities that are example, some listed below under Climate Finance and green growth agendas. available to policy makers around the may also be relevant to Policy Instruments and Carbon Pricing. While we categorize our events 1 world, thus spurring mitigation action into three program areas, please note that they CF-Assist is currently supported by Spain The program has delivered great and Switzerland; the program was also originally for long-lasting impacts in the context also integrate with each other and form part of value over the years. Close to 5,000 of sustainable development. the overall CF-Assist work program. supported by Australia, Denmark and France. 6 policy-based and private sector financed, where international public finance is used catalytically alongside much larger capital flows. For climate finance to be effective, the international community must do more than simply increase resource flows toward isolated local interventions. • Policy Instruments & Carbon Pricing As the world shakes off the constraints of deep recession, increased focus on climate change policy has become possible again. Despite the arduous international climate negotiations, several economies are planning or refin- ing domestic actions in carbon markets. These activities take careful note of past experiences, mirroring successes and addressing weaknesses. During this transitional period for the carbon market, it is the continued traction at regional, national and sub-national levels that shows some promise for the future. For instance, actions at the domestic level have the potential to collectively overcome the international regulatory gap. Today, nearly 40 countries and over 20 sub-national jurisdictions are putting a price on carbon. 7 1. CF-Assist: 2013–14 Countries are exploring innovative Each planning, policy and infrastructure Donor Contribution (in USD $) and cost-effective ways to scale up decision of a city is likely to influence emission reductions and foster private the long term trends of GHG emissions. Switzerland sector investment through a range of This, together with the cities’ ability to $7,020,526 policy instruments, such as voluntary act at times faster and more efficiently 39% Australia approaches, regulatory approaches, than national entities—as they can be market-based instruments, and research governed by local rather than national $1,314,864 and development (R&D) support policies. or international policies—makes them 7% Many of these policies not only provide major players in the climate action Denmark Greenhouse Gases (GHG) reduction arena. benefits, but also a range of co-benefits $425,000 such as reduced air pollution, increased The CF-Assist capacity building approach 3% efficiency and productivity, reduced has been further replicated by other France-MEDD energy costs, and green jobs. World Bank teams, i.e. in the space of $178,560 sustainable energy access, under the • Cities & Climate Change umbrella of “Incubating Innovation for 1% Rural Electrification”. The “Low Carbon Spain France-AFD Cities face competing priorities and $8,269,210 $752,220 Sustainable Rural Electrification” resource constraints in prioritizing workshop delivered in Malawi in March 46% 4% climate action, irrespective of their 2014 brought together 58 participants socio-economic profile. In developing *Accumulated Funds Received from 2006 to 2014: $17,960,380 (Source: Donor and created an enabling environment for countries, the challenge is more acute Center) sharing private sector-led approaches and is a barrier to scaling up smaller to the provision of clean decentralized successful projects to a citywide level. energy to rural populations in Malawi. Almost half of the world’s population The initiative has also built a strong currently lives in urban areas and global community of over 800 members consumes 60 to 80% of the energy sharing knowledge and best practices produced worldwide. Concentration for extending the delivery of sustainable of economic activities and resultant energy to rural populations living off higher standards of living make cities the grid of the developing world, on a major sources of anthropogenic GHG commercial basis. emissions. 8 2. CF-Assist Work Program Activities 2.1 Climate Finance dealing with climate finance in order to current downturn in carbon business promote linkages and coherence. activity—confirmed that the Carbon First Forum of the Standing Expo is an established platform for Committee on Finance Global Carbon Expo 2013 knowledge exchange and networking, not only for carbon market players but On the margins of the Carbon Expo The Carbon Expo, hosted annually since also for policy-makers and practitio- 2013, CF-Assist co-organized the First 2004, is the world’s largest climate ners seeking to finance a future low Forum of the Standing Committee finance and carbon market conference carbon growth path. on Finance in partnership with the and fair. The participants represent a UNFCCC Secretariat. During this first broad stakeholder group, including The 2013 Global Carbon Expo conference collaboration of its kind for the World governments, international organiza- program featured nine high-level plena- Bank, eleven members of the Standing tions, private sector, academia and ries, two special lunch dialogues and 25 Committee and ten UNFCCC Party non-governmental organizations (NGO). workshop sessions grouped under three Representatives were exposed to the streams: Carbon Policy, Climate Finance, views of approximately 150 representa- The 10th Carbon Expo took place from and Clean Technologies & Practices. The tives from the private sector, govern- May 29–31, 2013 and was delivered Policy Stream discussed different policies ment agencies, multilateral and national in cooperation with partner organiza- and measures to support low emissions development banks, and civil society, tions: the International Emissions development, with a focus on carbon in a “bridge building” exercise towards Trading Association (IETA) and Fira pricing instruments and regulatory the 2020 global framework on climate Barcelona. Close to 2,200 participants measures; the Climate Finance Stream change. This Forum enabled com- from 110 countries attended the event. explored financing needs, opportunities, munication and continued exchange of This level of participation—despite the barriers and solutions for climate information among bodies and entities Events Dates Impacts Leverage with Partners Africa Carbon July 3–5, 2013 More than 450 participants came together to explore a variety of mitigation instruments Nairobi Framework partners (UNCTAD, UNDP, Forum and lessons learned, opportunities and challenges of bridging climate-smart agriculture and UNECA, UNEP/UNEP Risoe, UNFCCC, UNITAR, African REDD+, promoting access to energy, and low carbon development financing. Development Bank, World Bank Group); IETA Latin American August 28–30, 2013 More than 500 registered participants from over 40 countries shared experiences on low UNEP/UNEP Risoe, IADB, IETA, UNDP, OLADE Carbon Forum emissions development, innovative climate finance and carbon pricing instruments. India Climate September 18–20, 2013 Over 200 participants attended India’s flagship event in the climate finance and carbon market FICCI; MoEF; Federal Ministry for the Environment, Policy and space, where discussions were centered around the current state of global climate change Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), Business Conclave negotiations, climate finance, domestic finance and fiscal initiatives, the future of carbon Germany markets and domestic market mechanisms, South-South co-operations, and emerging business perspectives. Table 1: Regional Knowledge-Sharing Fora 9 2. CF-Assist Work Program Activities mitigation action; and the Clean Forum also provided an opportunity Technology Stream focused on new for participants to learn about the technological possibilities and innova- latest national and international tive ideas that can facilitate the path policy developments, and various new towards low carbon development. initiatives and facilities that support the development and implementation of Regional Knowledge-Sharing Fora carbon mitigation programs. Within the past year, we delivered three “The CDM has evolved and improved a regional knowledge-sharing fora that great deal in the past number of years. convened over 1,100 participants from The changes are all aimed at making the around the world to discuss a series of mechanism more effective,” said Peer topics related to climate finance and low Stiansen, Chair of the CDM Executive emissions development: Board. “That will help Africa, which to date has not fully benefited from the CDM, • Africa Carbon Forum and it will contribute to the international response to climate change.” Impact Story—Calling for Increasing Low Carbon Investments in Africa • Latin American Carbon Forum For Africa, the picture is clear: climate With more than 500 registered partici- Africa Carbon Forum, July 2013 change is expected to exert further pres- pants from over 40 countries, primarily sure on ecosystems and key sectors, with from the Latin American and Caribbean approaches for scaling-up climate de Janeiro’s role in the sustainability repercussions for the human populations (LAC) region, this Forum brought together finance, undertaking climate action in forefront, especially after Rio+20, paved dependent on them. a range of development practitioners, cities, strategies for low carbon develop- the way for new ideas to come to life policy makers, project managers, ment in Latin America, the importance on the margins of COP 2013 in Warsaw,” The theme of 2013 Africa Carbon Forum representatives of financial institutions, of the implementation of the Green said Luiz Carlos T. De Carvalho, General was “Promoting Access to Low-Carbon government agencies and members of Climate Fund (GCF) and the key role of Manager, Government of the State of Development in Africa”. The Forum the private sector to explore solutions public and private financial institutions Rio de Janeiro. featured discussions on the update for getting climate finance flowing and in a future climate regime. on the carbon markets, including the to discuss alternative pathways to low opportunities for the enhanced applica- • India Climate Policy and Business carbon development in the region. “The CF-Assist has been a tremendous tion of the experience and existing Conclave resource for us throughout the Latin capacity on CDM and CDM Programs of The conference program featured six American Carbon (LAC) Forum. The The India Climate Policy and Business Activities, as we move towards a new high-level plenary sessions that focused mix of positive energy, knowledge and Conclave was dedicated to discussing legally binding agreement by 2020. The on the status of carbon markets, best practices, besides reinforcing Rio the role of states and climate change 10 as well as several key areas of interest, in completing and implementing the Emissions, Climate Resilient Development” working to advance low emissions including State Action Plans, Domestic National Climate Change Investment is planned to be piloted in June 2014. development. Initiatives, Global Initiatives, and the Plan (NCCIP). These training sessions role of business & industry services; resulted in real action plans to improve The following table on Page 12 lists the global climate change negotiations, the performance of the government, 2.2 Policy Instruments and regional LEDS GP face-to-face events and climate finance; domestic financial strengthen the implementation of donor Carbon Pricing during 2013-14. and fiscal initiatives, domestic market projects and accelerate the service mechanisms; adaptation and business delivery to the poor. Well-crafted, evidence based envi- • Asia LEDS Forum 2013 perspectives. ronmental policies can offer a range The Asia Low Emission Development Webinar Series “PoA and Beyond” of GHG reduction benefits as well as Strategies (LEDS) Forum is an annual CF-Assist also enabled an informal health and economic co-benefits, such gathering of policymakers, donors, consultation with Conclave participants The webinar series “PoA and Beyond” as reduced air pollution, increased practitioners, and other experts, with the from the private sector, NGOs, national discusses Programmes of Activities productivity and green jobs. Thus, aim to facilitate regional coordination; governments and international (PoA’s) and evolving climate change our goal in this preeminent area share tools, models, approaches, and organizations on the ongoing activities mitigation instruments, such as NAMAs remains to strengthen the capacity best practices; and increase capacity of the World Bank Task Force to Catalyze in the context of their poverty reduction of stakeholders—policymakers, energy and readiness of practitioners to lead Climate Action, with a focus on how potential. CF-Assist organizes this series planners and climate change develop- and implement LEDS and green growth to establish a global price for carbon jointly with UNDP through its MDG ment practitioners—to identify, assess initiatives in the region. The chosen and the emerging use of NAMA rating Carbon Programme. In the past year we and utilize diverse types of policy and theme for this year, “Putting LEDS systems as an effective climate policy delivered four webinars that gathered market-based instruments in support into Practice,” reflected strong interest instrument. more than 300 participants, of which of low emission development goals. from members to move from planning more than 40 attendees were also to implementing LEDS, and to finding Collaborative Leadership members of the related Community of LEDS Global Partnership (LEDS GP) the best ways to make this a reality in Practice, the Climate Finance Options different country contexts. In collaboration with the World Bank platform. Since March 2012, CF-Assist has joined Malawi country office, CF-Assist team a consortium of government agencies, The 2013 Forum employed a variety of supported the Government of Malawi in E-Courses (in pipeline) regional research organizations and interactive formats over the course of its Climate Finance Readiness process. international development agencies three days to effectively deliver on the Sixty three participants received training CF-Assist is currently finalizing produc- in the LEDS Global Partnership (LEDS theme and to support peer learning during the “Malawi Leadership for tion of two e-courses under the “climate GP). This global practitioners’ network and sharing, building of communities of Climate Change” workshop in June 2013, finance” track: the course “Climate aims to enhance coordination, South- practice, and skills acquisition for LEDS an activity that enhanced the capacity Finance Readiness” is expected to be South-North knowledge exchange and implementation. A large majority of of National Technical Committee on launched in September 2014, and the collaborative action among countries participants felt that nearly all sessions Climate Change and other stakeholders course “Investment Planning for Low proved “very useful” for their everyday 11 2. CF-Assist Work Program Activities Events Dates Impacts Leverage with Partners work and one quarter expressed particular interest in subsequent training on climate Asia LEDS Forum 2013 October 1–3, 2013 250 participants from 22 Asian and Pacific USAID, APEC, Australia AID, ADB finance, followed by an interest in policy countries attended this training event in instruments available to support LEDS. support of peer learning and sharing, building/ strengthening of communities of practice and “As the co-chair of the Asia LEDS skill-building for LEDS implementation in the Partnership (ALP), I am pleased to see region. Technical content focused on engaging that, through close collaboration among stakeholders, securing finance, selecting partners, the ALP has become a key appropriate tools, and assessing impacts. platform to advance the development of 2nd Latin American December 2–6, 2013 This meeting gathered about 250 participants Government of Peru national-level and country-led strategic Regional LEDS Meeting to identify priority issues in low emissions plans to promote economic growth development, including critical cross-cutting while reducing GHG emissions in the topics like NAMA design, implementation, Asia region. As an implementing partner, communication and the synergies in the LEDS the World Bank, through the CF-Assist process, and developing baselines, reference program, has contributed significantly to levels and GHG inventories. the mission of the ALP, by coordinating Africa LEDS Partnership March 31–April 3, 2014 This event brought together 75 leading scholars Government of the Democratic Republic with partners and countries, connecting Regional Workshop and experienced practitioners from over 20 of Congo (DRC), Climate Development capacity gap with tools and best African countries to identify and discuss and Knowledge Network (CDKN), African practices, and enabling leaders in the potential connections linking economic growth Development Bank, GIZ region to mainstream green opportuni- and environmental resource management, ties into their national development explore the rationale for green growth within an process,” said Dr. Doddy S. Sukadri, Low African context, facilitate policy dialogue and Carbon Emission Development Advisor, knowledge sharing to help guide policy-makers Indonesia National Council on Climate in the region. Change (DNPI). Capacity Building for the April 4–8, 2014 Presentation of CF-Assist learning program to Government of Ethiopia Operationalization of the officials from the Government of Ethiopia with • Latin American LEDS Regional Meeting Climate Resilient Green the aim to strengthen the capacity of the CRGE Impact Story—Deep Dive Training Economy (CRGE) Facility Facility, which is expected to mobilize climate Workshop on Climate Resilience finance in the future. Using CF-Assist seed- Planning for LEDS funding, a 15-month learning program will be implemented to support institutional capacity As part of the 3-day event, the CF-Assist building. team delivered a deep-dive training Table 2: LEDS Global Partnership event during the 2nd Latin American 12 Regional LEDS Meeting on “Practical opportunities when planning climate- Tools for Climate Change Resilience in resilient LEDS strategies. Low Emissions Development Planning”— in which more than 35 practitioners The overall Latin American Regional from various country teams actively LEDS Meeting provided participants with participated. valuable opportunities for peer learning and knowledge exchange, collaboration This technical event provided an intro- and information sharing among country duction to the concepts and synergies teams and technical assistance/capacity for climate resilience planning in LEDS development programs around key strategies and gave an overview to the issues related to low emissions develop- World Bank tool “How-To Framework ment, and consideration of how the for Climate-Resilient Development LEDS LAC regional platform will continue Plans” as part of the WBI e-learning to provide support and an opportunity course available “The Economics of to develop and design low emissions Climate-Resilient Development”. The Panelists at the 2nd LAC LEDS Regional Meeting, December 2013 development work plans at the national remainder of the training comprised level going forward. Future work a role-play simulation activity, which streams, capacity development demand showed how the World Bank framework and knowledge sharing modalities for could be applied as a user-friendly and the LEDS LAC Platform were identified strategic tool in the decision-making and discussed throughout the workshop. and prioritization processes of design- ing LEDS strategies that are resilient “The practical, easy-to-use Climate- to climate change, taking into account Resilience Planning toolkit and specific country circumstances and framework prepared by CF-Assist gave different stakeholders’ political posi- not only credibility, but also well-thought tions from various ministries typically considerations for our joint training sup- involved in such a process. Finally, porting Low Emissions Development in the de-briefing segment allowed time LAC. Practitioners throughout the region for peer-learning where participants greatly benefited from learning about exchanged information on their reac- the World Bank’s experience in planning tions to the role play, recent personal development projects taking into account experiences and good practices, and climate-resilience decision-making,” said overall knowledge sharing summarizing Walter Araya Chaverri, Organization of the decision-making challenges and Peru’s Minister of Environment pictured on left, with Dr. Fernando Tuleda, on right American States. 13 2. CF-Assist Work Program Activities options to achieve national development AFOLU and REDD+, Infrastructure and Planning Learning Program to Ethiopian goals, while reducing greenhouse gas Urbanization, Institutional Arrangements, officials in order to strengthen the emissions and strengthening resilience and Integrating LEDS with Climate capacity of the CRGE Facility which is to the impacts of climate change. Resilience. expected to mobilize climate finance in the future. Using CF-Assist seed-funding, The Africa LEDS Partnership Regional Capacity Building for the a 15-month learning program will be Workshop Operationalization of the implemented to support institutional Climate Resilient Green capacity building, in partnership with This event brought together 75 low emis- Economy (CRGE) Facility the “Programmatic Technical assistance sions development leaders from 20 African and Advisory Support to the CRGE countries and international programs in The CRGE Facility was established to help Facility” Project. Kinshasa, DRC to identify and plan priority mobilize finances required for imple- activities for peer learning, in-depth menting the Government of Ethiopia’s Face-to-Face Trainings • Africa LEDS Partnership training, technical collaboration and coor- economic development strategy and The Africa LEDS Partnership was dination on LEDS activities in the region. to provide financial support that will In the past year, CF-Assist was actively established to promote climate resilient Participants developed a vision, identified enable actions to reduce emissions and involved in capacity building and low emission development in Africa, priority areas and set up a Governance vulnerability to climate change. In this trainings on policy instruments to ensure in response to the growing number of Structure for the Platform. Priority areas context, the CF-Assist team presented regional practitioners have the tools African countries that are evaluating include Clean Energy, LEDS Financing, the Climate Finance and Investment they need to promote LEDS. Events Dates Impacts Leverage with Partners Central Asia Climate Knowledge Forum June 18–19, 2013 Over 100 participants shared knowledge and experience to deepen collaboration and WBG - ECSEN, Central Asia CMU, coordination in climate policy and planning, which raised awareness about the science Environment Anchor and implications of climate change for Central Asian countries including adaptation and mitigation policies and ways of moving toward more action oriented climate outcomes. Workshop on Utility Scale Solar Projects Oct 21, 2013 A group of 50 energy policymakers and practitioners from Morocco, Egypt, South Africa Moroccan Agency for Solar Energy (Masen), and India, as well as officials from financial institutions and European donor agencies SE4All shared experiences on how they manage their utility-scale solar programs. Workshop on Accessing Finance for March 12–14, 2014 This workshop brought together roughly 150 government officials and experts from USAID, UNESCAP, CDKN, UNDP, Switch-Asia Green Growth and LEDS planning and finance ministries in Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam and helped improve their understanding of how to access, deliver and monitor climate finance by leveraging resources to scale up implementation of low carbon and green growth strategies.. Table 3: Face-to-Face Trainings 14 • Central Asia Climate Knowledge preparation of the Inaugural Central Forum Asia Climate Knowledge Forum which took place in Almaty, Kazakhstan in June A number of climate change impacts 2013. The Forum was followed by a one have been observed in Central Asia, day technical training on various tools making a case for both adaptation and knowledge products that are being and mitigation actions indisputable. A used to address and incorporate low collaborative effort is needed between carbon development considerations into the scientific community, policy-makers policy and planning. I should say that and the public to develop actionable the approach CF-Assist adopts in terms policies and practical mitigation and of bringing people together to tackle the adaptation programs. problem as an adaptive challenge is quite coordination among national, regional European donor agencies, gathered in unique—it is the kind of knowledge you The first Central Asia Climate Knowledge and international stakeholders involved Marrakesh, Morocco in October 2013 to cannot find in a library. I strongly believe Forum comprised a two-day knowledge in Utility-Scale Solar Power programs. share experiences on how they manage that climate change cannot be dealt with forum followed by a one-day technical The workshop brought together decision- their utility-scale solar programs. a technical prescription. This is exactly training on various tools and knowledge makers and experts from Morocco, Egypt, why CF-Assist is essential in terms of products developed to address and South Africa, and India to share their “Making renewable energy viable is bringing people with forward-looking incorporate climate change into experiences around these topics. essential to achieve the SE4ALL goals,” mindset, and going from country-level policy and planning. A vast majority said S. Vijay Iyer, Director of the World capacity building towards region-level of the Forum attendees agreed that Impact Story—Strong Policy Bank’s Sustainable Energy Department. collaboration. I look forward to the addressing climate change is both Framework Needed for Solar Power “Knowledge exchange among countries next time working with CF-Assist and technically challenging and equally that have accumulated knowledge and continuously moving forward the climate difficult to get an agreement on, but Many developing countries with sun- experience on critical aspects of large change actions,” said Jitendra J. Shah, what is also important to stress is that baked deserts are investing in concentrat- solar projects is the best way to build Lead Environmental Specialist, The World the majority of the participants stated ing solar power, or CSP. While the climatic capacity and learn from experience in Bank. that their engagement in the topic is conditions are right for the technology, this emerging field.” primarily driven by the concerns for these countries face challenges in making • Workshop on Utility Scale Solar future generations, rather than by job or CSP viable. These include financing Participants agreed that tendering and Projects economic imperatives. and risk mitigation, reducing costs, and reverse auctions are among preferred The first Solar Knowledge Exchange building local capacity, among others. options to procure CSP plants and also “I have heard of the work delivered by Workshop on “Strengthening the Solar determine the appropriate level of price CF-Assist a long time ago while I was Energy Option and Utility-Scale Solar A group of energy policymakers and incentives. But these incentives, they in the Thailand office, and I am glad Power Development & Management” was practitioners from Morocco, Egypt, said, cannot operate in a vacuum. The to have the opportunity collaborating to share knowledge and experience, iden- South Africa and India, as well as regulatory framework should remove with CF-Assist last year when we started tify challenges, and deepen cooperation/ officials from financial institutions and barriers and provide an enabling 15 2. CF-Assist Work Program Activities team noted a high participation from Key facts on the 1st developing countries, truly demonstrat- ing the global reach of the MOOC. ever WBG Climate Change MOOC: • E-courses Policy Instruments for Low Emissions • 19,525 registered participants Development: From Design to (33 percent between the ages Implementation of 18–34—not a usual World Bank audience demographic, This e-course assists participants to plan, and over half from the design and implement policy instru- developing world—not usual Panelists at the Utility Scale Solar Projects’ Workshop in October 2013, Morocco ments that can help foster low emissions for Coursera) development pathways. Delivered for environment to ensure that the societal levels—global, national, local and • 11,354 active participants the first time in the winter of 2013, incentives work. individual. (84% of them rated the course this course attracted 274 participants. highly) The next delivery will take place in June E-learning Deliveries The MOOC provided a dynamic and • 13,675 quiz and peer 2014 and is already attracting more interactive space for policy-makers, assessment submissions participants than last delivery. • MOOC—Turn Down the Heat: Why a practitioners and the general public to • #Wbheat has over 800 tweets 4˚C Warmer World Must be Avoided hold live discussions, share practical and counting As the impacts of climate change ideas, tools and resources to respond Emissions Trading Systems: Using • 80,631 video views Markets to Promote Low Emissions threaten to reverse decades of gains to the climate change challenges of in poverty reduction, our first Massive today. The high level of engagement • Two google hangouts with 350 Development Open Online Course (MOOC), co-pro- and interaction among participants was participants duced with the World Bank Climate and a groundbreaking way for the WBG to This e-course, developed in collaboration Finance Policy unit, the WBI e-Institute convene both experts and eager learners with the PMR, informs policy planners and hosted on the Coursera platform, to generate innovative practices. and climate change practitioners on was enabled by the platform’s “Map was launched at a moment when the the rationale behind emissions trading Yourself” function. As such, participants need for climate action is critical. This For policymakers, the key CF-Assist tar- and how ETS can be implemented in had the option to identify their new learning instrument has allowed get audience within this course delivery, practice. By sharing lessons learned organization/city/country/continent, the WBG to reach beyond its traditional the MOOC offered discussions on key from jurisdictions around the world, this which subsequently led to the formation clients and engage large numbers of policy instruments for various sectors course is useful to any country looking of sub-groups based on thematic areas, people globally to understand the that hopefully will encourage policy at developing an ETS. The course has geographic or other personal interests. imminent risks and devastating impacts action or demand for policy intervention been a major success with both fall and Participants were extremely appreciative of climate change, and to encourage from the general public. In addition, spring delivery attracting more than 300 of the opportunity to network on this bold and timely climate action at various an (optional) geographic dissemination participants per delivery. basis with peers in the forums and the 16 with confidence on the issues and Regional Platform which took place in responses to Climate change in almost Lima, Peru, from December 4-6, 2013. every sector. I am going to apply what I The four post-Lima webinars touched learned in this course, so as to develop on topics including main challenges and elaborate Low Carbon Development for the development of integrated plan for my country,” said one of Monitoring, Reporting and Verification the participants at the Low Carbon (MRV) systems, mitigation opportunities Development e-course. in urban waste management, best practices in the integration of national Economics of Climate-Resilient and sub-national governments for Development LEDS implementation, and national mechanisms for financing LEDS. CF-Assist delivered two sessions of the e-course on “Economics of Climate Resilient Development” this year, which 2.3 Cities and Climate Change provides policymakers the basics for developing economically viable climate- We are supporting the preparation of resilient plans. This year, we delivered low carbon development strategies for the session in March 2014, with 469 cities and helping them establish insti- registered participants. tutional frameworks for implementation, as well as fostering development of Webinars series—Pre- and Post- programmatic carbon finance programs 2nd Latin American Regional where appropriate. Energy Sector Strategies to Support Low Carbon Development: Planning LEDS Meeting Green Growth and Modeling The CitiSense Workshop A total of eight webinars have been delivered in 2013–14 on critical LEDS This workshop launched the new City This e-course covers essential aspects The course was developed in collaboration topics. The first four webinars covered Energy Efficiency Transformation of renewable energy and energy with the Energy Sector Management each of the regional capacity-building Initiative (CEETI), and covered a range efficiency policies and discusses Assistance Program (ESMAP) and was priorities defined during the first of topics related to energy efficiency their contribution to green growth delivered again in winter 2013, with 83 Regional Workshop organized by the approaches, barriers and opportunities strategies. The fall 2013 delivery active learners. The second delivery of this LEDS LAC Platform in Alajuela, Costa for cities. CEETI works with cities of this course was well received by course will take place in May 2014. Rica, in 2012, as well as provided where there is a high potential for the 102 participants in total. The spring a strategic opportunity to begin development of urban energy efficiency delivery is taking place in May 2014, “After taking the E-course provided conversations prior to the second programs, and a commitment from with over 350 participants registered. by CF-Assist, I can now speak more Regional Workshop of the LEDS LAC authorities to support such programs. 17 2. CF-Assist Work Program Activities Events Dates Impacts Leverage with Partners public sector ESPCs collected by ESMAP during 2008-2009. It consists of seven The CitiSense Workshop November 17–18, 2013 More than 300 participants attended the workshop ESMAP, TWICT modules presenting key concepts covering energy efficiency approaches, barriers and and providing opportunities to apply opportunities for cities, where they were encouraged to and discuss them. All modules use exchange experiences to enhance public service delivery multimedia presentations and offer through technology-enabled collaboration with citizens. selected readings. Quizzes, research World Urban Forum (WUF)— April 5–11, 2014 This training session presented a model for IHS, the Gold Standard (GS) exercises and case studies help to Training on “How to Assess operationalizing green growth in cities by moving away broaden participants’ understanding of Sustainability Benefits from the concept of tradeoffs among economic, social the topics in a proactive way. During from Urban Green Growth and climate goals and into a model of multiple, shared the last year, the course was delivered Projects: Training for City sustainability benefits. The session brought together city in November 2013, and joined by Practitioners” officials, architects, city planners and students to discuss 181 learners. the practical challenges a city might face in quantifying the sustainability benefits of green growth projects in urban environments. Table 4: Cities and Climate Change Events World Urban Forum (WUF)— concept but more importantly to seek Training on “How to Assess inputs, feedback and guidance from Sustainability Benefits from practitioners in enhancing the method- Urban Green Growth Projects: ological framework. Training for City Practitioners” E-Learning and Knowledge This event focused on the sustainability Sharing benefits assessment method, which is a key innovation to support green growth • E-course Deliveries programs and is being developed as part of the Colombo Green Growth Program Saving Energy Through Energy (CGGP). The training provided the Savings Performance Contracts: validation and verification framework for this method, joint by CF-Assist and Jointly developed with ESMAP, external consultants. The objective of CF-Assist presented this course based this training was not only to share our on international experiences with 18 Cities and Climate Change Leadership 435 and 72 participants, respectively. The Webinars Dates second session of this course will take Energizing Green Cities in Southeast Asia Nov 21, 2013 This course is unique in that it covers place in May 2014. all aspects of climate action by cities, Metabolism of Megacities Feb 18, 2014 including both adaptation and mitiga- • Webinar Series Lowering Cities’ GHG Emissions: Examining the role of market-based Feb 19, 2014 tion planning, at every stage—from options CF-Assist facilitated the webinar series surveying and visioning to strategic “Scaling up Climate Change Action in Table 5: Webinars on Cities and Climate Change planning and implementation. Each Cities” to support the Low Carbon Livable lesson includes multimedia and interac- Cities initiative and facilitate climate- tive learning elements, and links to some smart planning in cities. In the past year, of the most helpful documents, websites, we engaged practitioners and experts city networks and international sources from different sectors in a collaborative of expertise. discussion on achieving success in urban sustainable development through the CF-Assist delivered both English and three following webinars. Spanish versions of this course in fall 2013, which have been well received by 19 2. CF-Assist Work Program Activities Distribution of CF-Assist Activities, 2013-14 IBRD 40056R MAY 2014 Cologne, Germany Vienna, Austria Basel, Switzerland Almaty, Kazakhstan Marseilles, France Tianjin, China Barcelona, Spain Washington, DC, USA New Delhi, India Washington, DC Marrakesh, Morocco Hanoi, Vietnam Mexico City, Mexico Tela, Honduras Dakar, Senegal Bangkok, Thailand Manila, Philippines Alajuela, Costa Rica Medellin, Colombia Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire Lilongwe, Malawi Lima, Peru Kinshasa, D.R. of Congo Rio de Janeiro, Brazil DISTRIBUTION OF CF-ASSIST ACTIVITIES, 2013–2014 This map was produced by the Map Design Unit of The World Bank. Note: This map represents the locations of Face-to-Face events 2013-14. The team also reached more than 15,000 The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information shown on this map do not imply, on the part of The World Bank participants from around the world through virtual learning and knowledge sharing, delivered through WBI e-Institute - GSDPM Map Design Unit Group, any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any to represent these virtual deliveries, the location "Washington, DC, USA" has been added to the map. endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. 20 3. CF-Assist: Looking Ahead Climate change poses a fundamental While the world is currently on a track Bending the Curve of Climate Change threat to economic development. to a 4°C warmer world by 2100, it is still Without bold action to reduce the risks, possible to avoid this scenario through the impact could undermine the fight collective action by all developed and 4°C against poverty, put prosperity out developing countries, albeit the window of reach for millions, and exacerbate to achieve this is closing rapidly. 3°C inequality for decades to come. The risks are not limited to a single sector As the World Bank Group, we have a or region – they affect all areas, from responsibility to our clients to help 2°C agriculture to urban development to them both recognize and respond to the energy to health. risks that climate change poses. With 1°C the establishment of a Climate Change The economic costs of extreme weather Vice Presidency, the World Bank Group are already high and growing. The has strengthened its mandate as active average annual cost of weather-related player for concerted climate change losses and damage has risen from $50 action on the “Road to Paris” and billion during the 1980s to close to beyond. $200 billion during the past decade. Economic signals are inconsistent and As this new agenda unfolds, new no country has internalized fully the opportunities will surely arise as we costs of climate change or the costs of consolidate and streamline our current inaction, but our clients, governments, program to respond to new demands, businesses, and investors are increasingly both internally and externally. recognizing these risks and beginning to make decisions to protect and position In times of urgent need for climate mitigation and adaptation efforts could development practitioners and other themselves to be competitive in a change action by all, the demand not be realized at the scale needed. stakeholders to understand what is resource-constrained, low-carbon future. for a capacity building program like CF-Assist is in a unique position to needed and to acquire the necessary Our work is helping them build the CF-Assist will be high. Without learning leverage resources and partnerships, and knowledge and skills to take the right policies, incentives, and support to invest and knowledge sharing, and fostering disseminate best practices, by providing sets of actions. in low-carbon solutions. evolving lessons, climate change appropriate tools for policy-makers, 21 3. CF-Assist: Looking Ahead With our recent integration into the our distance learning products with new Climate Change Vice-Presidency, innovative approaches for specialized CF-Assist is uniquely positioned to e-learning, bite-sized learning, MOOCs3 address some of the key climate change and webinars, and we will enrich challenges of the next few decades our global and regional carbon fora and to make a difference by helping with renewed content and enhanced key stakeholders in client countries to partnerships. advance their work on climate finance and low emissions development. Moving forward, we will continue to strengthen 3 Please find two of the MOOC videos here. our platforms and partnerships on climate policy and finance by scaling-up 22 23 Annex 1: List of CF-A Events for 2013–14 Month Event Location Participants # of days Region 2013 May First Forum of the Standing Committee on Finance (pre-Cabon Expo event) Barcelona, Spain 187 1 Global May Global Carbon Expo 2013 Barcelona, Spain 2,200 3 Global May–June Malawi Leadership for Climate Change Lilongwe, Malawi 176 5 AFR June Central Asia Climate Knowledge Forum Almaty, Kazakhastan 102 2 ECA July Africa Carbon Forum Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire 136 3 AFR August Latin America Carbon Forum Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 570 3 LAC September E-course: Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings Online 250 14 Global September India Climate Policy and Business Conclave Delhi, India 180 3 SAR October LEPS GP: Asia LEDS Forum 2013 Manila, Philippines 250 3 EAP October Utility Scale Solar Projects’ Workshop Marrakesh, Morocco 50 1 MNA October–November E-Course: Energy Sector Strategies to Support Green Growth I Online 395 21 Global October–November E-course: ETS - Using Markets to Promote Low Emissions Development I Online 441 28 Global October–November E-course: El cambio climático y el liderazgo de las ciudades I Online 72 19 Global October–November E-course: Cities and Climate Change Leadership I Online 435 19 Global November E-Course: Saving Energy through Energy Savings Performance Contracts Online 181 23 Global November CitiSense workshop Barcelona, Spain 310 2 Global November Webinar: Energizing Green Cities in Southeast Asia Online 30 1 SAR November–December E-Course: Low Carbon Development: Planning and Modeling I Online 548 35 Global November–December E-Course: Policy Instruments for Low Emissions Development - From Design to Online 368 22 Global Implementation December UNFCCC Regional Workshop on NAMAs Mexico City, Mexico 90 4 LAC December LEDS GP: 2nd Latin American Regional LEDS Meeting Lima, Peru 250 3 LAC 2013-14 October–April Webinar Series: LEDS LAC Pre- and Post- 2nd Latin American Regional LEDS Online 316 9 LAC Meeting October–April Webinar Series: PoA and Beyond Online 300 4 Global 24 Month Event Location Participants # of days Region 2014 January MOOC - Turn Down the Heat: Why a 4°C Warmer World Must be Avoided Online 11,354 25 Global February Webinar: Metabolism of Megacities Online 75 1 Global February Webinar: Lowering Cities’ GHG Emissions: Examining the role of market-based Online 60 1 Global options March E-course: Economics of Climate-Resilient Development II Online 469 18 Global March Workshop on Accessing Finance for Green Growth and LEDS Hanoi, Vietnam 157 3 SAR March–April Africa LEDS Partnership Meeting & Pathways to Green Growth in Africa Kinshasa, The Democratic 75 4 AFR Workshop Republic of Congo April E-course: ETS - Using Markets to Promote Low Emissions Development e-course Online 105 18 Global II April World Urban Forum (WUF): Assessing Sustainability Benefits from Urban Green Medellin, Colombia 54 6 Global Growth Projects April E-course: El cambio climático y el liderazgo de las ciudades II Online 62 20 Global May E-Course: Low Carbon Development: Planning and Modeling II Online 337 20 Global May E-course: Cities and Climate Change Leadership II Online 120 20 Global May E-Course: Energy Sector Strategies to Support Green Growth II Online 157 20 Global TOTAL 20,862 25 Annex 2: Distribution of Events and Event Participation Regional Events and Carbon Fora 2013–2014 Global Events / Carbon Expo 2013–14 Region Number of Participants Event Number of Participants AFR 387 First Forum of the Standing Committee on 187 EAP 250 Finance ECA 102 Carbon Expo 2200 LAC 1,226 MOOC - Turn Down the Heat: Why a 4°C 11354 Warmer World Must be Avoided MNA 50 World Urban Forum (WUF): Assessing 54 SAR 367 Sustainability Benefits from Urban Green TOTAL 2,382 Growth Projects CitiSense workshop 310 Global Webinars (aggregate) 435 Facilitated e-Learning (aggregate) 3940 TOTAL 18,480 Participants in facilitated e-learning courses 2013–14 e-Course Number of Participants Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings 250 Energy Sector Strategies to Support Green Growth I 395 ETS - Using Markets to Promote Low Emissions Development I 441 Event Participation 2005–2014 (number of participants per year, and aggregate) El cambio climático y el liderazgo de las ciudades I 72 2005–2006 4106 Cities and Climate Change Leadership I 435 2006–2007 5295 Saving Energy through Energy Savings Performance Contracts 181 2007–2008 5005 Low Carbon Development: Planning and Modeling I 548 2008–2009 5848 Policy Instruments for Low Emissions Development - From 368 Design to Implementation 2009–2010 5822 Economics of Climate-Resilient Development II 469 2010–2011 4989 ETS - Using Markets to Promote Low Emissions Development 105 2011–2012 6451 e-course II 2012–2013 4680 El cambio climático y el liderazgo de las ciudades II 62 2013–2014 (excluding MOOC) 9508 Low Carbon Development: Planning and Modeling II 337 TOTAL 51,704 Cities and Climate Change Leadership II 120 Energy Sector Strategies to Support Green Growth II 157 TOTAL 3,940 26 Annex 3: List of Acronyms AFR Sub-Saharan Africa LAC Latin America and Carribean ALP Asia LEDS Partnership LCCDP Low Carbon City Development Program APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation LCD Low Carbon Development BMUB Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and LEDS Low Emissions Development Strategies Nuclear Safety, Germany LEDS GP Low Emissions Development Strategies Global Partnership CDKN Climate Development and Knowledge Network M&E Monitoring & Evaluation CDM and JI Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation MDG Millennium Development Goals CEETI City Energy Efficiency Transformation Initiative MNA Middle East and North Africa CEO Chief Executive Officer MoEF Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India CF-Assist Carbon Finance- Assist MOOC Massive Open Online Course CFOs Climate Finance Options MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification CGGP Colombo Green Growth Program NAMAs Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions CIFs Climate Investment Funds NCCIP National Climate Change Investment Plan CMU Country Management Unit NGO Non Governmental Organisation COP Conference of the Parties OECD Organization for Economic Development CRGE Climate Resilient Green Economy OLADE Latin American Energy Organization CSP Concentrated Solar Power PMR Partnership for Market Readiness DNPI Indonesia National Council on Climate Change POA Programme of Activities DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo R&D Research and Development DSM Demand Side Management SAR South Asia Region EAP East Asia Pacific SE4All Sustinable Energy for All ECSEN Environment, NRM, land SSKE South South Knowledge Exchange EE Energy Efficiency TWICT Information & Communication Technology EFFECT Energy Forecasting Framework and Emissions Consensus Tool UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance Program UNDP United Nations Development Programme ESPCs Energy Savings Performance Contracts UNEP United Nations Environment Programme ETS Emissions Trading Schemes UNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change GCF Green Climate Fund UNITAR United Nations Institute on Training and Research GHG Greenhouse Gas USAID United States Agency for International Development GIZ German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation WBG World Bank Group and Nuclear Safety WBI World Bank Institute GS Golden Standard WBICC World Bank Institute Climate Change Practice IDB Inter-American Development Bank WUF World Urban Forum IETA International Emissions Trading Association 27 IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Source of the photos in this report: The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. The CF-Assist Program is currently supported by the Governments of Spain and Switzerland CF-Assist The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 204333, USA Phone: +1-202-473-9625 Email: wbicc@worldbank.org 28 14165