/SA N / 7.-)X Thnis paper is prepared for staff (CATALOG NO. 176) __ Ir'\ r( use and is not for publication. S VVP 60 I The views expressed are those of VVU^ the author and not necessarily those of the Bank. I8.TERNATIONAL BANX FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Economics Department Working Paper No. 60 Regional Macroeconomic Model June 22, 1970 This paper is one of a series of papers from the Transport Planning Models Study under the direction of Messrs. Jan de Weille and Leon H. Miller. The overall objective of the Study is the continuing investigation of mathematical models developed for use in transport planning. The Study ream will analyze existing transport models, revise and extend the models where practical, and develop new models where needed. An evaluation of the models will include their application in transport planning studies and a critical review of the methodology. This paper is based on Chapter 3 of the Harvard University Transport Research Program report "An Analysis of Investment Alternatives in the Colombian Transport System", by Paul 0. Roberts, David T. Kresge and John R. Meyer, (Cambridge, Massachusetts, September, 1968). Mr. E. P. Holland and Mrs. I. Isaac of the Bank Study Team have prepared this working paper. They have amplified the Harvard presentation by including - based on the Colombian case - a listing of the input data necessary to run the macroeconomic model plus a sample output of a computer run of the model. In addition, they have made editorial and other changes in the text to improve the presentation. This macroeconomic model was developed to simulate the regional consumption and production patterns of a country and to evaluate the effects and interactions on the economy from alternative transport policies and development plans. This paper is expository in nature; no attempt has been made to critically evaluate the model. Bank staff members are invited to make comments and suggestions, for improvement of the model. Sector and Projects Studies Division Quantitative Techniques and Analysis Division FIL C OPY TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. I. INT&ODUCTION 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL 2 A. Overview 2 B. The Basic Simulation Model 5 1. Final Demand 7 2. Sectoral Production 11 3. Imports and Import Quotas, 12 4. Regional Disaggregation 12 5. Distribution of Income 16 6. Prices and Wages i8 7. Aggregate Summary Variables 20 C. Alternative Versions of the Model 22 1. Aggregate Economic Model 22 2. Foreign Trade Sector Model 22 3. Macroeconomic Transport Simulator (METS) 23 4. Full Employment Model 24 5. Analysis Using Combined Models 24 FIGURES Figure 1: Simplified Structure of the Macroeconomic Model 3 Figure 2: Structure of the Basic Macroeconomic Model 6 APPENDICES Appendix I: Listing of Equations Appendix II: Dictionary of Terms Appendix III: Listing of the Input Data Necessary to Run the Macroeconomic Model Appendix IV: Sample Output of One Computer Run THE REGIONAL MACROECONOMIC MODEL I. INTRODUCTION As a complement to their simulation of the transportation network of Colombia, members of the Harvard Transport Research Program formulated a multi-region, multi-sector economic growth model, which is described in their Final Report2! and embodied in a computer program checked out at the IBRD. This paper is a description and explanation of the model. This might seem to be an unnecessary duplication of the Harvard report, where the model is in fact explained twice -- once, with some simplifications, in Chapter 3, and again, with more detail in Appendix I of the report. Hlowever, it was deemed worthwhile to prepare a new explanation to clarify some matters that seemed to need it and to remove some inconsistencies between Chapter 3, Appendix I, and the computer program. The majority of the original explanation in Chapter 3 was satisfactory and has been reproduced here with a few changes. The introduction to Chapter 3 was written originally with the idea that it was presenting a very general macroeconomic model, applicable to a variety of policy and planning questions, not necessarily concerned with transportation. The facts that the model is programmed with a geographical dimension and that it is to be used for transportation planning are not mentioned until five pages later. For us who are interested in the model primarily as an adjunct to the transportation system model, some relevant consideration seem to have been omitted from the discussion. There are two ways in which the macroeconomic model is designed to contribute to transportation-system studies: 1. by providing projections of the growth of production and use of various products in various locations thus estab- lishing a basis for projecting transportation requirements. 2. by reacting to alternative developments in the transport- ation system, thereby reflecting the effects of those alternatives in terms of ultimate economic criteria such as consumption, gross domestic product, etc., as well as different geographical patterns of growth. 1/ Transport Research Program: An Analysis of Investment Alternatives in the Colombian Transport System, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 1968. - 2 - The second purpose may be quite difficult to achieve with adequate r li ability because of uncertainties as to how investors make locational ana other decisions. Nevertheless, hypothetical results for this part .aay be instructive, even though decisions among alternative transport programs may still be based on cost savings. Whatever criterion or criteria may be chosen, the first of these purposes of the macroeconomic model remains quite important, and its satisfactory attainment is much less sensitive to likely errors in parameter estimation. II. DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL A. Overview In its-operational form, this extremely complex simulation model handles an enormous number of variables. Indeed, one of the principal dangers of a simulation model is that it can overwhelm an unwary user with masses of detailed information. This is a danger that is easily avoided, however The detail of the model should not be allowed to obscure its relatively straightforward economic logic. The basic structure of the model can be outlined in just a few sentences or shown in a simple flow diagram, as in Figure 1. The computations performed by the model can be divided into four major categories; these are (1) final demand, (2) sectoral production, (3) income and (4) prices. Final demand is composed of personal consumption expenditures, fixed investments, inventory investment, government purchases and exports. Within each of these categories, demand is estimated on the basis of individual commodities. That is, if the output of the economy is classified into ten commodity groups, final demand will be estimated, separately for each of those groups. These estimates are largely based on exogenous variables, such as government policy variables, or on the outputs and income of the preceding time period. Given the final demand for each commodity, the model next uses an input-output table to compute the sectoral production required to meet utiose demands. The third set of computations then determined the distribution of income associated with the estimated levels of sectoral production. Wage payments are related to outputs, profits are derived from estimates of revenues and costs, and taxes are related to output, wages and profits. From the above, it is possible to estimate disposable personal inconme and the cash flow to businesses. Prices for the coming time period are determined-primarily by the production costs experienced during the current period. Wage demands are of course closely related to changes in the cost of living. Thus, wages are made a function of the rate of inflation. The estimates of output, income and wage rates together with certain exogenous variables provide the irnformation required to carry the simulation into the next time period. At this point, the computation procedure simply repeats itself. i ' INVENTORY .|GOVERNMENT CONSUMPTION ;NISENT VINVSTMENT PURCHASES EXPORTS L 1 -s 1 ..IN EST TNT 1 -INVESTNE'' ii~~~~~~~~~~~ / FINAL DEMAND SECTORAL PRODUCTION WAGS PROFITS TAES - ~ ~ ~ I -- DISPOSABLE PiESONAL INCOME l BUSINESS CASH FLOW PRICES AND WAGE ,. RATES FIGURE 1 SIMPLIFIED S'RUCTURE OF THE MACROECONOMC MODEL The picture of the model given by this highly condensed outline Ls obviously far from complete. The outline does, nonetheless, provide a 'o_oad overview that can give some order to the more detailed discussion to follow. Through all its convolutions and variations, the niodel will retain this same logical structure. There are, however, two features of the model that will require some modification of this structure. Often a developing country experiences balance of payments problems which causes it to impose a quota on imports. This introduces a constraint on the economy not incorporated in the structure described above. Clearly if the model is to replicate the economy, the simulation results must also be constrained to satisfy the quota. Most of the relationships in the actual simulation model are specified on a regional, rather than a national basis. Disaggregation into geographic regions is, of course, necessary if the results of the model are going to be used for transport planning. The regional measures are in addition often of direct interest to the economic planners. In a number of countries the problems of regional development are just as pressing and difficult as are the problems of national development. The price that must be paid for obtaining regional information from the model is a sharp increase in the number of variables that must be manipulated. The need to estimate regional output and inter-regional commodity flows also adds another major category of computations to the model. With the introduction of import quotas and regional variables, the structure of the model appears as shown in Figure 2. The components of domestic final demand are now computed on a regional basis. Since exports go only to the outside world, they do not need to be disaggregaVed regionally. Total final demand for each commodity is obtained by summing the regional demands. As before, the input-output table is used to translate final demand into sectoral production. Since there is virtually no hope of empirically estimating regional input-output tables, sectoral production is here estimated on a national basis.1! Given the estimates of sectoral production, the total demand for imports can,be computed. If this demand is less than the import quota,2/the quota has no effect and the simulation can proceed to the next step. But, if the demands 1/ Since inputs for a sector in one region may come from various other regions, it is not even clear that regional input-output tables would be as useful as a national one. 2/ or if no quota restriction is set. - 5 - exceed the quota, some adjustments will have to be made. The two principal changes will be an induced shift from foreign to domestic suppliers and a reduction in the level of final demand. The first type of response produces a change in the composition of consumption and investment demands and a change in the coefficients of the input-output table. The second response alters the level of consumption and investment demands. These adjustments are carried out through a series of successive approximations until the estimated import demands are consistent with the import quota. Once the import constraint has been satisfied, the model proceeds to allocate the national output of such sector to the various regions within the country. The flows of individual commodities from each region to all other regions are also computed at this point. Having determined these flows, the model proceeds to compute incomes, prices, and wage rates. These variables, which are now computed regionally, again serve as inputs for the estimation of final demand in the next time period. B. The Basic Simulation Model Within the framework just outlined, the individual functions used in the basic simulation model will be described in this section. To keep the discussion simple, some of the details, particularly those concerning computational procedures, will be left to Appendix I of the Harvard report. Another matter that is deferred to that Appendix is the possibility of differential changes in producer (f.o.b.) prices and purchaser (c.i.f.) prices for any product. In the model, all prices are treated as indexes starting from 1.0 in the base year. If in terms of actual prices per unit the markup for distribution, transportation, etc., remained in a fixed ratio to the F.O.B. price for any good, then its C.I.F. price would move in direct proportion to its F.O.B. price, and the two price indexes would remain equal. In this chapter, in order to simplify the exposition and notation it is assumed that this condition holds, so that no distinction need be made between F.O.B. and C.I.F. indexes. In the notation used below, the letters I, J, and L refer to the Ith, Jth, and Lth sector or commodity. The letters appear in parentheses following the variable to which they pertain. In a similar fashion, the letters M and N will be utsed to refer to regions. Thus, C(I,M) is the consumption demand for I commodity in Region M. Unless indicated otherwise, summations run over all commodities or all regions. The number of regions is equal to the number of regions within the country plus one external region representing the rest of the world, Non-subscripted variables that are measured in the previous time period will appear with a t-l. Though the time periods can in principle be of any length, they are here treated as years. A complete listing of the definitions of variables is given in Appendix II. | REGIONAL REGIONAL I R IG -ONAL t t REGIONAL INVENTORY , GOVERNMENT aEXPORTS COJSUMPTION I INVESTMENT INVESTMENT a PURCHASES TOTAL FINAL DEMAND ~ 'ADJUSTMENTS SECTORAL TO MEET QUOTAS PRODUCTION IMPORTS AND IMPORT QUOTAS REGIONAL OUTPJT AND INTER- REGIONAL COMMODITY FLOWS REGIONAL REGIONAL REGIONAL WAGES PROFITS TAXES REGIONAL DISPOSAELE REGIONAL BUSINESS REGIONAL PRICES PERSONAL INCOME CASH FLOW AND WAGE RATES FIGURE 2 - STRUCTURE OF THF BASIC MACROECONOMIC MODEL -7- 1. Final Demand Personal Consumption Ecpendituxes. The amount of income available to consumers is of course the principal determinant of total personal consumption expenditures. Under most conditions individuals can be expected to devote a reasonably constant proportion of their income tio consumption and to put the remainder into personal savings. However, during periods of rapid inflation and particularly rapidly accelerating inflation, the desired savings rate drops sharply. Individuals prefer to spend their income on real commodities, i.e. to consume, rather than add to their savings which are then eroded by inflation. For this reason, the average propensity to consume is not tre ted as a constant but is made an increasing function o' the rate of inflation.i/ Total personal consumption in current prices, CEXP, is related to lagged disposable income in the following manner: 2 CEXP (M) = /ALPHA + AINFLT (YINFLT-1)_7 Y (M) (3.1) t-1 The percentage increase in the gross domestic product deflator, (YINFLT-1, is used as a measure of the ra;e of inflation. This rate is squared to reflect what appeared empirically to be a non-linear response to very high rates of inflation.' AINFLT is a parameter used to calibrate the response to inflation and ALPHA is the average propensity to consume which would be observed if prices were constant. It should be noted that ALPHA, like all other parameters in the model, is exogenously determined but is not necessarily constant over time. If there is reason to think that there is some secular trend in the propensity to consume, ALPHA can be varied in accordance with that trend. In fact, any parameter or any exogenous variable can be changed at the start of each time period. Th.is capability gives the model much more flexibility than the relatively simple form of some of the functions would at first indicate. Having determined each region's total consumption in current prices, CEXP(M), the next steps are to allocate it among various goods and to deflate each component to "real terms", i.e. its base-year value. These operations are combined in one formula for domestic goods and another one for imports: C(I,M) = CEXP(M) . APC (I) (3.2) P(I,M) 1/ This also helps compensate for the effect of basing one year's consumption on the previous year's income, which is convenient for computational reasons but not realistic. CIMR(I,M) CEXP (M) * API (I) (3-3) PIMPRT (I,M) S-:nce the sum of expenditures for individual commodities must equal total e oJenditures, the parameters in these functions must satisfy the following condition: Z /APC(I) + API(I)_7 = 1.o Equations (3.2) and (3.3) obviously present a very rudimentary descript- ion of consumer behavior. The consumption of an individual commodity is assumed to have unitary elasticity with respect both to price and aggregate consumption. This implies that a given change in income will alter the consumption of food in the same proportion as it will alter the demand for consumer services. Clearly, this is an unsatisfactory assumption, and where empirical estimates are available the functions should incorporate more reasonable non-unitary elasticity. In practice such estimates are extremely difficult to obtain. For this reason the functions were left in a less accurate but more easily implemented form. A less serious error is introduced by the assumption that all cross- elasticities are zero, i.e. a change in the price of one commodity has no effect on the demand for any other good. This assumption is based on the supposition that the model will usually be dealing with broad groups of commodities. In this case, the true cross-elasticities will be much smaller than they would be with very narrowly defined commodity classes. Finally, the accuracy of the c?Tsumption functions might be improved by putting them on a per capita basis.- This was not done because the model does not include projections of population. To do so would have required estimation of regional migration patterns and that undertakirig was considered well beyond the scope of the project. Fixed Investment. The investment function is designed for several alternative formulations; it contains five separate factors which may play roles in determining the amount of real gross fixed investment in each region. Of course, in any particular application, some or most of these terms may be eliminated. It should be noted that RINVST is gross investment 'and hence is constrained to be non-negative. RINVST(I,,M) = ACCEL (I,M) R [ ] * [ROUTPT (I,M) CME(1) t-1 - RPCAP(I,M) + EEF (I,M) + EXOG (I,M) t-1 ROUTPT (I,,M) + WTINVS(I,M) RINVST (I,M) t-l t-l + XINVST(I,M) (3-4) 1/ -- if income elasticities differed from 1.0, but with unitary elasticity already assumed, it would make no difference. -9- The first term in this function reflects a flexible accelerator or cac.ital stock adjustment process. It is assumed that firms will- act to keep their capacity in line with their output. If in the preceding period output exceeded capacity, that will tend to increase the industry's investment expenditures. Capacity refers to a normal or desired level of output and not to any absolute production limit. Therefore, it is quite possible for a sector to produce an output in excess of its (nominal) capacity, though tnis will usually involve some increase in average production costs. The ratio ( I ) is the amount of real investment required to support an CME increase in -capacity of one unit. This factor multiplied times the gap between output and capacity gives the amount of net real investment required to close that gap in a single time period. If no other terms were included in tne investment function except one that just offset depreciation, ACCEL would 'be the fraction of the gap which was made up within one year. With other terms, it is simply a response coefficient for this factor among others. The second term reflects the idea that a larger cash flow (retained earnings plus depreciation) is likely to encourage greater investment./ The third and fourthl terms are basically inertial factors. So long as the economy in general and the sedor in particular continue to expand, investment can be expected to grow along with output. Hence, the inclusion of lagged output, ROUTPT Also, some sectors are very sluggish about changing their t-l. investment behavior. For these sectors investment in any given year will be closely related to investment in the preceding year, RINVST t-l. The last term,XINVST, is investment that is exogenously determined. Government investment is, or may be, one example of this type of investrent. The channeling of funds into the establishment of new industries is a particularly'relevant instance. In some cases, investment financed by foreign sources may also need to be specified exogenously. Finally, if the other terms in the investment function are eliminated, XINVST can be used to set investment equal to the levels appearing in a prespecified development plan. Demand for Investment Goods. It should be recalled that in this first block of operations the model is primarily concerned with the estimation of final demand. However, equation (3.4) merely computes the investment by each sector; it does not compute the final demand for particular investment goods, To estimate investment demands, it is assumed that real investment is a composite of investment goods in predetermined proportions. -Each sector has an exogenously 1/ Since the investment equation is in real terms, tihe cash flow term must also be affected by the price of capital goods. - 1.0 - specified set of coefficients, B(I,J.), which measure the demand for investment good I generated by one unit of real investment by sector J. The total investment demand for domestic good I is simply the sum of the demands generated by the individual sectors. RIDEM(IOM) = E B(I,J) - RINVST(J,M) (35) J In addition, the investment outlays will usually generate a substantial demand for imported goods. Imports of investment goods are estimated through the use of an analogous set of coefficients. RIDIMP(I,M) = Z BlMP(I,J) - FINVST(J,M) (3-o) J To keep demands equal to total investment the B and BIM? coefficients must satisfy the condition that: /B(1i,J) + BIMP (I,J) 7 = 1.0 I Inventory Investment. It is assumed that, on the average, a sector's inventory investment will move in proportion to its rate of production. RINVC(I,M) = RIF(I) * ROUTPT(I,M) (3.7) Inventories are regarded as consisting of final products and held by the producer. Stocks of raw materials held by producers present no particular problems since they can be treated as incipient final products. Thus., the inventory investment by sector I is also a final demand for commodity I. Total Final Demand. The remaining elements of final demand, government purchases and exports, are exogenously determined. As noted above, the rest of the world is treated as a single external region so export demands are not disaggregated regionally. The total final demand for each commodity, Q(I), is equal to domestic demand summed over all regions plus foreign demand. Thus, Q(I) C /C(I,M) + RIDEM(I,M) + RINVC(I,M) + GOV(I,M)_7 M + EXP(I) (3.8) - l1 - Exports are estimated outside the model because of the need for detailed analysis of specific world markets and of domestic production capabilities. To maintain consistency, the investment function should include any additional investment requjied for export production. In the case of some commodities, particularly raw materials,it may be more accurate to assume that the country is able to export all that can be produced in excess of domestic needs. So long as exports are not an endogcnous variable this situation can be handled reasonably well by specifyinig several alternative levels for exports. The simulation results can then be examined to see which alternative seems most feasible on the basis of its associated output levels and capacity utilization rates. 2. Sectoral Production. Given final demand, an input-output table is used to compute the total production of each sector. By definition, total production is equal to the production of intermediate goods plus the production of final products. If A(I,J) is the amount of good I required in the production of one unit of good J, the following relation holds. TOUTPT(I) =E A(I,J) * TOUTPT(J)7 + Q(I) (3.9) J The input-output table is the matrix A, comprised of the A(I,J) coefficients. Equation (3.9) can be rewritten to give total output as a function of final demand. -l. TOUTPT(I) = (I-A) (I,J) * Q(J) (3.10) -1 (I-A) (I,J) denotes the elements of the inverse of the matrix obtained by subtracting the A matrix from the identity matrix. The input-output coefficients are based on the country's production methods and are exogenously specified. Generally these coefficients will change over time as a result of changes in the underlying technology. If input-output tables are available for two different years, the past rates of change in the coefficients can be used to project future tables. Other-wise they may be projected on the basis of sectoral technological data or on hypothetical grounds, or the coefficients may be assumed constant. - 12 - 3. Imports and Import Quotas. If the economy operates under an import quota, because of balance of payments problems, the initial estimates of sectoral production and of imports have to be regarded as desired levels; they may not be feasible levels. If the initial estimate of imports exceeds the quota, readjustments must be made in final demands and in domestic outputs until the import quota is satisfied. The initial estimate of total desired imports is IMPORT = E E IMP(J,M) + RIDIMP (J,M) + GOVIMP(J,M) J M + PIMP(J)_7 (3.11) The estimates of consumption and investment imports have already been described in equations (3.3) and (3.6). Government imports, GOVIMP, are policy variables and hence are exogenously specified. Production imports i.e., imports of intermediate goods, are. PIMP(J)= Z AIMP(J,L) * TOUTPT(L) (3.12) L where AIMP(J,L) is the amount of intermediate import J required to produce one unit of good L. If the desired level of imports is less than the quota, the initial estimate of production is feasible and no modification is necessary. However, if the quota is effective, there will be an excess demand for imports, denoted by the variable DIFIMP. DIFIMP = IMPORT - LIM (3.13) Since actual imports cannot exceed the quota, the estimates of final demand and production must be adjusted to eliminate this excess. The adjustments involve, first, a substitution of domestic for imported products, and second, reductions in investment and consumption demands. The assumptions and the adjustment procedures, which are rather complicated, are explained in Appendix I. If the initial estimate of imports is within the quota, no adjustments are necessary, and that part of the procedure is skipped. 4. Regional Disaggregation. Regional Allocation of Production. Up to this point production of each sector has been computed as a national total based on the national input-out,put, table. The production must now be allocated to the individual regions. sine the model deals with broad aggregates of commodities, the distribution of production in any year is going to look very much like the distribution in the previous year. However, over time the distribution should shift ir favor of those regions which are more efficient or more advantagenously situated. - 13 - That is, a region's share in output will be modified by its relative profitability. On the other hand the government may choose, perhaps for non-economic reasons, to build up an industry in some particular region. Production may then shift to that region even though profits are low. To allow for this possibility, regional capacities are taken into account in determining the mgional allocation of output. A sector's nomLinal capacity, i.e. its normal output level, is increased through investment and is reduced by depreciation. The parameter CME measures the additional capacity generated by one unit of investment. In general, investment expenditures do not add to capacity immediately, as some time is required to put the new capital in place and to begin operations. If the parameter LAG denotes the investment gestation period, then investment expenditures made in year t-LAG will add to capacity in year t. Thus, the addition to capacity in year t due to new capital is CME(I) * RINVST(I,M) t-LAG(I) The depreciation rate is assumed to be a constant as long as output does not exceed capacity. To push production above capacity, the industry must use its plant and equipment more intensively. By causing machinery to wear out faster or thaough the actual conversion of capital to output, as in the livestock industry, overcapacity production will tend to raise the depreciation rate. Thus, an industry's depreciation will depend both on its capital stock and on its rate of capacity utilization.V/ As a region or an industry develops, its productive capacity may expand due to a general increase in efficiency not necessarily associated with the introduction of new capital. For example, improvements in management techniques and the development of a more skilled labor force may tend to raise the effective productive capacity of any given capital stock. Letting ALPHAI represent the annual rate of change in overall efficiency, the expression for the capacity of sector I in region N is: RPCAP(I,M) = /1.o + ALPHAI(I,M)7 * /RPCAP(I,M) (3.16) t-1 - DEPREC(I,M) 7 + CME(I) * RINVST(I,M) t-l t-LAG(I) After having computed capacity, the regional distribution of output is 1/ See Appendix I of the Harvard reportj pp. 26-29. - 14 - determined jointly by the distribution of output in the previous period, relative profits, and relative capacities. ROUTPT(I,M) ROUTPT(I,M) =TOUTPT(I) UTF(I) t-l + (3.17) MI ROUTPT(I,M) m ~~~t-1 PRFIT(I ,M) + PROF(I) . t-l + PRFIT(I,M) + CAPF(I) - RPCAP(I,M) Z:: RPCAP(I,M) The parameters of this function must add to one, i.e., OUTF(I) + (PROF) (I) + CAPF(I) = 1.0 If due to technological change or shifts in demand, production of a given commodity becomes much more profitable in one region than in the others, the favored region may be assigned an output level far in excess of capacity. While firms are permitted to exceed capacity, there is surely some limit to the amount which can or will be produced in each region. It is assumed that the output in a region cannot be forced beyond the point at which marginal operating cost equals marginal revenue. If Equation (3.17) assigns morethan thi,s maximum output to a region, the excess is reallocated to the other regions. -/ Production in the former region is, of course, held at the maximum feasible level. If total output exceeds the sum of the maximum regional outputs, the production plan as a whole is infeasible and must be revised downward. Inter-regional Commodity Flows. Having found an acceptable set of regional output levels, the size of the commodity flows from each supply point to each demand point must be determined. The regional demand for any commodity is equal to the demands for final goods plus the demands fcr intermediate goods. However, since inventories are assumed to be held at the point of production, additions to the stock of inventories will not generate any commodity flows. Inventory investment is, therefore, e?pluded from the measure of regional demand used in the flow computation. _ Using the input-output coefficients 1/ See Appendix I of the Harvard report, pp. 35-37. T/ It will later be added in as part of the intra-regional flow in each region. - 15 - to compute intermediate demand, the effective demand for good I in region M is given by DFRMAND(I,M) =TEA(I,J) E ROUTPT(J,M) B(I,J) . RINVST(J,M) J J + C(I,M) + GOV(I,M) (3.18) The demand from the external region is simply the export demand. The supply of a good is equal to the regional output minus the portion of output going into inventories. SUPPLY(I,M) = ROUTPT(I,M) - RINVC(I,M) (3-19) In a model dealing with aggregate commodity classes, it would be inapprop- riate to select the flows in accordance with some optimizing criterion, such as cost-minimization or profit maximization. Instead the flows are calculated through the use of a gravity model. Although it is not very elegant, it is possible to calibrate the gravity model to reproduce an empirically observed pattern of commodity flows. In the form of the gravity model used here, the following equation provides a first approximation to the flow of good I frcm region M to region N. EXPON SUPPLY(I,M) . DEKAND(I,N) / /RFAC(M,N,I) 7 FLOW(M,N,I) = (3.20) Ei: DEMAND(I,X)/ CRFAC(mKi) 7 K The variable RFAC(M,N,I) is the "resistance factor" pertaining to the movement of good I from region M to region N. This factor could be specified exogenously or could be made a function of endogenous variables such as shipping charges, production costs or prices. The following function is one of the many possible alternatives. RFAC(M,N,I) RUPCST(I,M) + TCHRG(M,N,I) (3.21) P(I,N) RUPCST is the unit production cost in the supplying region and TCHARG is the relevant shipping charge. In the basic version of the model, the transport charge would be given exogenously. - 16 - Changes in the exponent on RFAC are the principal means by which the gravity model is adjusted to approximate observed flows. Generally, a high exponent increases the "resistance" and, thus, reduces.inter-regional flows. Regional demands tend to be supplied by local producers. In a rough sense, Equation (3.20) states that the flow of good I from region M to N is directly proportional to the demand in region N' and to the supply in region M and is inversely proportional to some power of the resistance factor. Equation (3.20) is however only a first approximation since the calculated flows out of region M may not equal the output there and the flows into region N may not equal the demand there. The results of Equation (3.20) are, therefore, adjusted iteratively until the following conditions are approximately satisfied. The iteration proceeds until any errors are negligibly small. E FLOW(M,N,I) = DEMAND (I,N) (3.22) M Z FLOW(M,N,I) = SUPPLY (I,M) N Once these conditions are satisfied, the final set of flows is completed by adding the inventory components back into the internal or intra-regional flows.. 5. Distribution of Income. Wages. Labor income in a sector is determined by the level of output and by the labor-cost per unit of output. Unit labor cost is defined as the wage rate (dollars paid per man-hour) divided by labor productivity (output produced per man-hour). It is assumed that unit labor costs are constant for all levels of production below capacity. When output is pushed above capacity, the industry will be forced to pay higher wages or to hire less efficient workers. In either case, the marginal wage cost will rise. For production levels in excess of capacity, the marginal wage cost is given by the following relationship: WVIARG(I,M) = WAGER(I,M) l.O + (WOVER(I,M) . ROUTPT(I,M) - 1.0)1 (3.23) L RPCAP(I,14) j where WAGER is the basic unit labor cost, i.e., the cost that is applicable for - 17 - cu'puGs less than capacity. The parameter WOVER is the elasticity of the marginal waae cost with respect to overcapacity production. Thus, if output cxkee;ii c;icity by 2 percent and WOVER is 3, the marginal wage cost wi11 cxceod WAG'ER by b per cent. When production is less than capacity, the marginal wage cos;t is simply WAGER. The industry's total wage bill, WAGES(I,M), is the integral over the relevant output range of the marginal wage cost.l/ Profits and ±tetained Earnings. The value of a sector's sales is computed by multiplying the shipments to each region by tthe price in that regioni. Since the selling price includes any sales taxes, the sector's revenue is equal to the value of sales minus indirect taxes. REVINU(I,M) - 7 FLOW(M,N,I) . /T.O - TAX(I,N) 7 P(I,N) (3.24) N Production costs include, in addition to labor costs, the cost of materials. ?ayments for domestically produced goods can be computed using the input-output coefficients, but firms also require some imported inputs. Letting AIMF(I,J) denote the amount of import I required to produce one unit of good J, total production costs are: RPCST(I,M) = ROUTPT(I,M) . A(J,I) . P(J,M) (3.25) + AI''IP(J,I) . PIMPRT(J,M) + WAGES (I,M) J Gross profits which are defined as all non-wage ihcome, are equal to reverues minus production costs. Net profits are obtained by deducting depreciation allowance, DEPCST, where DEPCST(I,M) = DEPREC(I,M) r ] (3.26) LCME(I) Net profits after taxes, PRFIT, are then given by PRFIT(I,M) = /REVENU(I,M) - RPCST(I,M) - DEPCST(I,M) 7. /ho - TXPROF(I) 7 (3.27) 1/ See Appendix I of the Harvard report, Equations 84 and 85. - 18 - Assuming that BETA is the proportion of earnings thatu is distributed, retained earnings are: RETAIN(I,M) - PRFIT(I,M) . /T.0 - BETA(I)_7 (3.28) Disposable Personal Income. Personal income in a given region equals the labor income from all industries in the region plus the distributed earnings received by persons in the region. Mos-t of the distributed earnings could be more accurately described as the income of owner operated enterprises. Assuming this to be the case, distributed earnings, YDIST, are received mostly from firms located within the region. YDIST(M) = ZTBETA(I) * PRFIT(I,M) (9.29) Disposable personal income is equal to wage income plus distributed earnings minus income taxes plus transfer payments. Y(M) =Z WAGES(I,M) * /1.0 - TXWAGE 7 I + YDIST(M) /1.0 - TXDIST 7 + TRANISF(M) (3.30) 6. Prices and Wages. In the long-run and in an economy characterized by reasonably competitive markets, prices'will be determined primarily by the costs of production. Since prices are measured at the point of sale, the relevant cost variables are the costs of supplying a commodity to a particular region. The average supply cobL, SCA, is a weighted average of the regional unit production costs where the weights used are the proportions of total supply coming from each point of' production. Marginal supply cost, SCM, is computed in an analogous manner.1 Using a L to denote first differences, the cost variable used in the pricing function is the following: 1/ Appendix I of the Harvard report, Equations 110 and 111. ?COST(I,M) = PASSA(I) A SCA(I,M) + PASSB(I) / A SCM(I,M) - A SCA(I,M)_7 + PASSD(I) /DTAX(I,M) . P(I,M) 7 (3-31) t -i Since a change in long-run average cost will necessarily produce an eaqual change in marginal cost, SCA is subtracted from SCM in the second term to eliminale double couinting. The third term measures t1ae change in costs caused by a change in thle rate applicable to the ad valorem sales taxes. The parameters in this fwuction are used to specify the proportion of any cost change wilich is passed on to consumers in the form of a price change. Naturally, thiere may be a different price response associated with each type of cost movement. 'or example, an indiustry may pass on a change in average cost more readily than a chaange in marginal cost. Changes in tax rates may be passed on more or less automatically. If an industry tends -to follow a cost mark-up pricing policy, all of the parameters will be greater than one. While costs are probably the key element in the determination of prices, demanid conditions will also exert a significant influence. When demand is very s ronir, firms will tiend to pass on a greater proportion of any cost increase. Even in the absence of any cost increase, firms may raise prices in an a-ttempt to inicrease their profit margin. The pricing function used in the model includes terms to reflect both such responses to demand conditions. P(I,M) = /1.0 + PASSE(I) 7 P(I,M) t-1 r E ROUTPT(I,N) t-l + l.O + PASSF(I) ( N 1.0)1 "57' RPCAP(I,N) t-l l 7 ROUTPT(I,N) + PASSG(I) N - P(I,M) (3.32) \ ~~~~~~~~~~~t-1 E RPCAP(I,N) N J Capacity utilization, i.e., output divided by capacity, is used as a measure of the strength of demand. When PASSF is positive, the mark-up over costs will increase as capacity utilization increases. When PASSG is positive, high capacity utilization will push up prices directly. PASSG is automatically set to zero when an industry has excess capacity. Since-PYMV-Ul& oe - 20 - pushed up by an excessibly rapid increase in the money supply, the parameter PASSE has also been included in the function. This parameter permits the introduction of an essentially exogenous rate of inflation. Prices of imports and exports are assumed to be determined in world markets and hence are treated as exogenously given. Wage rates will of course tend to move along with prices. The relationship between wages and prices will be particularly strong in those industries where labor unions are important. The parameter UNION is used to adjust the magnitude of the wage response to inflation. The basic wage cost is then given as WAGER(I,M) /1.0 + UNION(I) . XINFLT 7 WAGER(I,M) (3.33) t-l t-l where XINFLT is the rate of change in the gross domestic product deflator. 7. Aggregate Summary Variables. The detailed economic quantitites discussed above can be combined to produce aggregate measures of economic activity. These are particularly useful in providing a summary description of the pace of economic development. Real gross domestic product, GDP, is obtained simply by summing final demands and then deducting all imports of intermediate goods. GDP Q(I) - E E AIMP(I,J) * TOUTPT(J) (3.34) I *I J An estimate of current price gross domestic product is obtained by inflating both the final demands and the intermediate imports. Final demands, including the demand for inventories, must be handled on a regional basis since prices differ among regions. The relevant prise for imports is the port-of-entry price, POE, which is assumed to be exogenously determined on the world markets. Thus, current GDP is estimated as ND T GDP = DEMAND(I,M,L) *P(I,M) L=T+l I=1 M + 2 E RINVC(I,M) * P(I,M) - I M '7' 7' AIMP(J,I) * TOUTPT(I) * POE(J) (3.35) J I - 21 - The implicit deflator for gross domestic product is computed by dividing current GDP by real GDP. Movements in this deflator provide a good, comprehensive measure of the rate of inflation in the economy. Aggregate real consumption and investment are obtained by summation over all regions and all commodities. CONSUMPTION = E /C(I,M) + CIMP(I,M) 7 (3.36) I M INVESTMENT RINVST(I,M) (3.37) I M Another aggregate measuire, and one which usually plays a major role in development planning, is the balance of trade. The value of exports is VALEXP = EXP(I) * P(I,NR) (3.38) I where P(I,NR) is the price of good I on the world market. Goods are imported to satisfy the demands of consumers, government, investors and producers so total imports of good I, measured in constant prices, are given as IMP(I) = [CIMP(I,M) + GOVIM(I,M) + RINIMP(I,M) M + E AIMP(I,J) * ROUTPT(J,MI (3.39) J The total value of imports is VALIMP = IMP(I) * POE(I) (3-.0) I and the balance of trade is BALANO = VALEXP - VALIMP (3. 41) - 22 - C. Alternative Versions of the Model. In the course of constructing, calibrating, and experimenting with the simulation model, there has evolved a number of significantly different versions of the model. MaIy of the earlier versions became outmoded and were discarded, but several versions have retained their usefulness and are currently being used to carry out simulation analysis. Each model incorporates the same basic structure as the model described in the preceding section. The difference lies in the comprehensiveness or the efficiency with which the particular model can analyze a specific area of development planning. Apart from their inherent usefulness, the different versions serve to illustrate the flexibility of the simulation model as a planning tool. A model can be used to provide a broad, consistent framework within which detailed sectoral analysis can be performed. By this means it is possible to evaluate the macroeconomic implications of specific microeconomic planning decisions. For purposes of aggregate fiscal and monetary policy planning, on the other hand, the model'can be condensed and, thus, made more efficient. The sections below provide brief descriptions of some of the major versions of the model currently in use. 1. Aggregate Economic Model. The aggregate economic model is constructed by simply removing all regional detail from the basic model, i.e., by measuring all variables as national totals. -With no regional disaggregation, the model obviously provides no informati6n on commodity flows. It is the elimination of regional'detail and of the flow computations which makes this version of the model so useful. There are many areas of development planning for which those details are largely irrelevant. In such'cases, the aggregate model can be used much more easily and at less cost than the basic model. For example, the aggregate model requires less than half as much computer time for any given simulation experiment. An even more important saving is in the preparation of input data. The elimination of regional disaggregation reduces the required inputs nearly in proportion to the number of regions in the basic model. Clearly, for the analysis of many types of macroeconomic problems, the aggregate model provides an extremely efficient-modification of the basic model. 2. Foreign Trade Sector Model. The foreign trade sector in the basic model contains only as much detail as is absolutely necessary. The model is capable of describing with reasonable accuracy.the existing foreign trade situation. But, it is not capable of projecting the response to many of the policies used to solve balance of payments problems. Because of the obvious relevance of evaluating such policies, the model has been modified to include a much more detailed - 23 - foreign tracle sector. Since the foreign trade model is fully discussed elsewhere,l only a brief description of its principal features will be provided here. In the basic model, endogenously generated import substitution takes place only in response to pressures arising from import quotas. The foreign trade model has import coefficients also responding to changes in the prices of imports relative to prices of domestic goods. A maximum possible rate of import substitution is computed for each source of import demand. The rate varies depending on the type of imports being demanded and the technical possibilities for substitution. So long as the desired rate of substitution does not exceed this maximum, the entire excess demand for imports will be eliminated through import substitution. When import substitution is unable to close the entire gap, final demand will be reduced as in the basic model. To improve the projection of exports, certain industries are split into two components: one component produces only for the domestic market while the other produces only export commodities. It is assumed that at each point in time, an export industry will expand output to the point where marginal cost equals marginal revenue. Thus, the level of exports will move in response to changes in such things as wage rates, materials costs, industry capacity, world prices, and tariffs. The model has also been expanded to include differential exchange rates and tariffs. With these policy instru- ments, the government can discourage particular types of imports or can pro- mote the expansion of industries producing exports or import substitutes. 3. Macroeconomic Transport Simulator (METS). The*METS model is the principal one used in Harvard's Colombia Transport Study. It consists of the basic economic model combined with an extremely detailed model of the transport system. For a description of the transport model, see Economics Department Working Paper No. 61, February 23, 1970. The transport model is brought into the simulation immediately after the computation of regional supplies and demands. It determines inter-regional commodity flows and provides a detailed analysis of the operating characteristics of the transport system. This information is passed on to the economic model and is incorporated in the economic simulation. 1/ Harvard Transport Research Program Discussion Paper 56, by Harold Luft (undergraduate thesis). - 24 - )4. Full Employment Model. This mnodel involves only a very minor modification of the basic economic model, but the results it produces are very useful in evaluating certain types of development investment plans. Many development investments are designed to improve the efficiency of the economy; perhaps by adding to its industrial capital, to its social overhead capital, or to the health and education of its workers. An improvement in efficiency has the effect of releasing resources; the old level of output can now be produced using fewer workers and/or less materials. Unfortunately, there is no economic mechanism which guarantees that these resources will, within any reasonable period of time, be reemployed elsewhere in the economy. Thus, an improvement in efficiency can merely add to unemployment rather than add to output. Government planners must face the issue that cost reducing investments are beneficial only if aggregate demand is maintained at full employment levels. The model used here has been modified so that fiscal policy is automatically adjusted to hold demand at the full employment level. When an investment in one sector of the economy causes resources to be released, either personal tax rates are cut or investment is increased to guarantee that those resources are employed somewhere in the economy. The results obtained using this model show how investment plans can affect economic growth when those plans are accompanied by appropriate macroeconomic policies. Inappropriate fiscal and monetary policies can sharply reduce or even negate the benefits of investment projects which, under more favorable circumstances, would prove extremely valuable. S. Analysis Using Combined Models. Each of the models described above is useful when used alone. Simulat:ion analysis can, however, be made an even more powerful tool by using several of the models in'combination. This approach is possible because of the compatibi'Lity of the different versions of the model. Since each of tihe versions is a modification of the same basic structure, it is feasible to transfer information from one version to another. For example, the METS model can be used to derive detailed estimates of the operating characteristics of the transport system. This information can then be condensed and passed on to one of the models containing a much smaller transport sector. The purpose of this is to use the most efficient available model at each stage of the analysis. It has proven particularly useful to transfer the condensed transpor w data from the METS model to the full employment model. By doing this for a number of alternative transport plans, it is possible to evaluate the benefits - 25 - of eachl plar under conditions of f-ull employment growth. The results are usually very differernt from those obtained under the assumption of an wire eonsive fiscal policy. In general, the benefits of transport investments are .,reatly increased when they are accompanied by an appropriate fiscal policy. Using the two versions of the model in combination provides the flexibility and scope necessary for the careful analysis of this type of situation. APPENDIX I LISTING OF EQUATIONS CEXP (M) = [ALPHA + AINFLT (YINFLT-1)2] Y (M)t_l (3-1) C(I ,M) C EXP(M) .* APC (I) (3.2) P (1,14) CIM(I,) =cExP (M) * API(lI CIMP(I,M) = PIMPRT(I ,M) (3-3) RINVST(I,M) = ACCE;L(I,M) [ CMf) * [ROUTPT(I,M)t1 - RPCAP(I,M)t 1 + EEF(I,M) + EXOG(I,M) * ROUTPT(I,M)t.l + WTINVS(I,,M) * RINVST(I,M)t 1 + + XINVST(I,M) (3.4a ) RIDEM(I,M) = E B(I,J) - RINVST(.J,M) (3.5) J RIDIMP(I,M) = BIMP(I,J) * RINVST(J,,M) (3.6) RINVC(I,M) = RIF(I) - ROUTPT(I,M) (3.7) Q(I) = E7 [C(I,M) + RIDEM(I,M) + RINVC(I,M) + GOV(I,M)1 + + ExP(I) (3.8) TOUTPT(I) = ;[A(I,J) * UTPT(J)i + Q(I) (3.9) TOUTPT(I) = E (1-A) (I,J) * Q(j) (3.10) ,T - 2 - IMPORT = EC E cIMP(J,M) + RIDIMP(J,M) + GOVIMP(J,M) + J M + PIMP(J)i PIMP(J) = AIMP(J,L) * TOUTPT(L) (1.12) L DIFIMP IMPORT - LIM (3.13) RPCAP(I,M) rl.O + ALPHAI(I,M)1 * [RPCAP(I,M)t 1 - DEPREC(I,M) t1] + CME(I) * RINVST(I,M)t LAG(I). (3-16) ROUTPT(I,M)t-l ROUTPT(I,M) -TOUTPT(I) rOUTF(I) v - E ROUTPT(I,M)ti M PRFIT(I,M)t1 + PROF(I) - 7' PRFIT(I,M)t 1 M + CAPF(I) RPCAP(I.M) * E RPCAP(I,M) M (3.17) DEMAND(I,M) - A(I,J) * ROUTPT(J,M) + E B(I,J) J J * RINVST(J,M) + C(I,M) + GOV(I,M) (3.18) SUPPLY(I,M) - ROUTPT(I,M)-RINVC(I,M) (3-19) EXPON SUPPLY(I,M) * D34AND(I,N)/[RFAC(M,N,I)] FLOW (M,N~,I)EPO EZ7 DEMAND(I,X)/rRFAC(M,K,I)J PON (3.20) K -3- RUPCST(I,M) + TCHRG(M,N,I) RFAC(M,N,I)= P (I,N) (3021) ZFLOW(M,N,I) = DIAMND(I,N) (3.22) M 7 FLOW(M,N,I) = SUPPLY(I,M) N WMARG(I,M) = WAGER(I,M) [l.O + (WOVER(I,M) [ROUTPT(I,M) - i.o0)] (3.23) REVENU(I,M) -EF'LOW(M5N,I) °[1.0-TAX(I.,N)J P(I,N) (oa N RPCST(I,M) = ROUTPT(I,M) A(J,I) P(J,M) + (3.25) J 4 EAIMP(J,I) PIMPRT(JiN)] + WAGES(I,M) DEPCST(I,M) DEPREC(I9M) [ 1- ) (3026) CME(I) PRFIT(I,M) = [REVENU(I,M) - RPCST(IgM) - DEPCST(I,M)1 ° °[1.0 - TXPROF(I)J (3.27) RETAIN(I,M) = PRFIT(I,M) - [1.0 - BETA(I)1 (3.28) YDIST(M) = 2 BETA(I) * PRFIT(I,M) (3.29) I Y(M) m Z WAGES(I,M) 01.0 - TXWAGE1 + YDIST(M)[1.0 - TXDISTI + I + TASF(N) (3.30) PCOST(I,M) PASSA(I)t ˇ,SCA(I,M) + PASSB(I) [L!.SCM(I,M) - -4,SCA(I,M)1 + PASSD(I) [DTAX(I,M) * P(I,M)t_l, (3-31) P(I,M4) = [1.0 + PASSE(I)I P(I,M)t1 + ` ROUTPT(I.N) t-1 + [1.0 +.PASSF(I)( - 1.0)l PCOST(I,M) + E RPCAP( I, N) t-1 N ROUTPT(I,N) + PASSG(I)[ _- .01 P(I,M)t-l (3.32) Z RPCAP(I,N)t- N WAGER(I.,M) - [1.0 + UNION(I) * XNFLTt_l, WAGER(I,M)t..1 (3.33) Y= 2 Q(I) - T '7AIMP(I ,J) * TOUTPT(J) (3.34) ND T GDP = 7 7'JTDEAND(I,M,L) * P(I,M) L=T+1 I=1 M + E E RINVC(I,M) . P(I,M) - E EAIMP(J,I) I M J I TOUTPT(I) * POE(J) (3.35) CONSUMPTION f (C(I,M) + CIMP(I,M)1 (3.36) I M INVESTMENT = Z RINVST(I,M) (3.37) I M VALEXP = EXP(I) * P (I,N,R) (3-38) IMP(I) = CrcIMP(I,M) + GOVIM(I,M) + RINInP(I,M) + M__ + >' AIMP(I,J) * ROUTPT(J,M)1 (3.39) J VALIMP= jJMP(I) . POE(I) (3-40) I BALANCE = VALEXP - VALIMP (3.141) APPENDIX II DICTIONARY OF T%SS A (ITX, ITX) Input-output table. A (I,J) is mhe amount of good I required to produce one unit of good J ACCEL (ITX, MMX) Accelerator coefficient-fraction of the gap between capacity and output that results in investment in the current year. AIMP (IMX, ITX) AIMP (I,J) is the amount of import I required to produce one unit of good J AINFLT Response coefficient of savings rate to inflation ALPHA Average propensity to consume ALPHAI (ITX, MMX) Factor measuring the increase in effective capacity due to increases in productivity resulting from unembodied technological change. APC (ITX) Proportion of consumer expenditures spent of good I; APCDIS APC for earners of nonwage income APCUAG APC for wage earners API (IMX) Proportion of consumer expenditures spent on import I; APIDIS API for earners of nonwage income APIWAG API for wage earners B (ITX, ITX) B(I,J) is the amount of good I required for $1 of investment in sector J BALANC The balance of trade, value of exports less value of imports BETA (ITX) Proportion of profits distributed by sector BIMP (IMX, ITX) BIMP (I,J) is the amount of import I required for $1 of investment in sector J C (ITX, MMX) Consumption of good I in region M in constant pesos C - Same at producers' prices CAPF (INX) Weight given existing capacity in the allocation of total output among regions For any I, CAPF(I) + OUTF (I) + PROF (I) = 1.0 - 2 - CEXP (WX) Total consumer expenditures by region in current pesos v-EMP (IM1X, MKX) Consumer demand in region M for import I in current pesos CIMP - Same at producers' prices CME (ITX) Additional capacity (in pesos value of output) produced by one peso of investment in sector I (output/capital ratio) DEMAND (JSX, MNX, JDX) Demand (I, M, L) is the demand for good I by sector L located in region M DEPCST Depreciation allowance DEPREC (ITX, MMX) Depreciation in capacity units DIFIMP (IMX) Excess of desired imports over quota DTAX (INX, MMX) Change in the sales tax on good I in region M (Pesos per peso of good I) EEF (INX, MMX) Investment in sector I in region M resulting from retained earnings EXOG (ITX, MMX) Proportion of the amount of last year's output that will be invested this year EXP (ITX) Exports of good I EXPON (JSX) Exponent for the gravity model FLOW (M,N, I) The flow from region M to region N of good I GDP Gross domestic product at constant prices GOV (ITX, MMX) Government expenditures on the goods and services produced by sector I GOVIMP (IMX, MMX) Government expenditures on import I IMP Number of imported goods IMPORT (IMX, 2) Production impots or the sumi of consumption, investment and intermediate imports LIM Quota for sum of all imports -3- OUTF (INX) -Weight given last year's output in sector I in allocating this year's output for any I, CAPF (I) + OUTF(I) + PROF(I) 1.0 P (ITX, MNX) Price of good I in region M (in pesos per peso of output - FOB prices) PASSA (ITX) Proportion of increase in average cost per peso of outplut passed on to the consumer in higher prices PASSB (ITX) Proportion of the increase in' marginal cost passed on in higher prices PASSC (ITX) Proportional increase in export prices PASSD (ITX) Proportion of the increase in excise taxes passed on in higher prices PASSE (ITX) Increase in price without respect to supply or demand conditions PASSF (ITX) Response factor to supply conditions influencing the price functioni PASSG (ITX) Response factor to capacity utilization for the price function PCOST Change in prices due to cost changes PIMP (IMX) Total amount of import I required as intermediate goods PIMPRT (IMX, MMX) Price of import I in region M - FOB prices POE (IMX) Initial cost of imports at port of entry PRFIT (ITX, MMX, KPX) Profits of sector I in region M (KPX allows previous profits to be stored not used in present version) PROF (INX) Weight given to last year's profits in allocating total output. For any I, CAPF (I) + OUTF (I) + PROF (I) = 1.0 Q (ITX) Final demand for good I (consumer, investment, inventory, government, and export demand.) RETAIN (ITX, MMX) Retained earnings in sector I in region M REVENU (ITX, MMX) Revenues realized by sector I in region M from total sales RFAC (MNX, MNX) Resistance factor for shipments of good I to region N RIDEM (ITX, MMX) Investment demand for good I in regicn M -4 - RIDIMP (IMX, MMX) Demand for investment import I in region M RIF (ITX) Desired inventory-output ratio RINIMP (IMx) Demands for :import I derived from investments (summation of RIDIMP for all regions) RINVC (I,M) Investment in inventory stocks RINVST (ITX, MMX, KIX) Investment in sector I in region M. K provides storage for (KIX - 1) years to allow for gestation periods. ROUTPT (ITX, MMX) Output of sector I in region M RPCAP (ITX, MMX) Capacity of sector I in region M (in pesos of output) RPCST (ITX, MMX) Total production costs incurred by sector I in region M RUPCST (ITX, MMX) Unit production cost in pesos per peso of output (excluding transport charges on inputs) SCA (INX, MMX) Average cost of good I sold in region M last year SCM (INX, MMX) Marginal cost of good I sold in region M last year SUPPLY (JSX, MNX) Total supply of transportable good I in region M (Net of inventory changes) TAX (INX, MNX) Sales tax on good I sold in region M (in pesos per peso of output) TCHRG (MNX, MNX, JSX) TCHRG (M,N,I) is the transport charge for shipping good I from region M to region N (measured in pesos per peso of good I) TOUTPT (ITX) Total output in sector I TRANSF (MMX) Transfer payments in each region (in constant pesos ) TXDIST Tax rate on income from non-wage incomes TXPROF (ITX) Profits tax rate - 5 - TXWAGE Tax rate on income from wages UNION (ITX, MMX) Reaction of tne wage rate for sector I to increase in the price index. A value of 1.50 in conjunction with a value of .05 will result in a wage increase of .075 VALEXP (ITX) Total value of the exports of sector I VALIMP (IMx) Total value-of import I WAGES (ITX, 124E) Total wage bill for sector I in region M (Transport wages are added in after) WAGER.(I,M) Effective nominal unit labor cost current pesos unit of output WMARG (INX, MMX) Marginal wage paid by sector I in region M WOVER (INX, MMX) Wage rate elasticity with respect to overcapacity production in sector I in region N WTINVS (ITX, MMX) Proportion of last year's investment that will be invested this year (inertial factor) XINFLT Increase in GDF deflator over previous year values XINVST (ITX, MMX) Desired level of investment exogenously specified for each year. (If not reset, the value is maintained from year to year). Y (MMX) Total disposable income from wages and non-wage income in region M in current pesos YDIST (MMX) Non-wage income YINFLT Inflation in CIF prices relative to previous period, using GDP weights from previous period. APPENDIX III I LISTING OF THE INPUT DATA NECESSARY TO RUN THE MACROECONOMIC MODEL TriE DATA HAS b.EEN GROUPED INTO THREE CATEGORIES CATEGORY 1 INITIAL DATA VARIAbLES CATEGORY 1I PARAMETERS The figures in the following are in terms of: billions of pesos s (i) CATEGORY III GOVERNMENT POLICY TYPE AND RELATED VARIABLES proportions s (ii) index na bere (base - 1.0) s (iii) absolute numbers : (iv) CATEGORY I DATA (i) EXP l19.84178o4491496.611.98,0.718,8.603.16.568,09113.44,0, XP - Rq or t gsid predaeed In sectors 1 to 10. (iii) P % llO0i.o, P - Prices cf all oongo4ty categoiss (10) in all regions including 6Vorts (11); each valuo to 1.0w (iii) PIMPRT % 4o*.893, sic,cO. I 1 PDIIRT - Pricea of a11 import oomodity catepr1es ( 4 (i) PRFIT % 34.60. 2.13, 440. 55.95. 16.999 in all ragions (10); each value io L893. KEG. 3 It - 6 PrPfits in region 1 (fist 2 Uisa) in sfttorq - 1 to 10; in regn 2 (3rd mnd 4th) lifts; In 26.259 15.06, 0.00. 80.159 6.98, sectors 1 to 10, tec. 19.25. 20.26. 4926, 57*319 22.01, 38o168 28.65, 54.85, 64.52, 22*00. .3 129*33. 48.43, 16.539 301.25, 51*35, 54.89, 91.34, 19.64, 72.08, 17,889 35058 59.51, 10.14. 99*93o 47*68, 16.71. 1.319 108.00. 31.76, 12.88o p28088, 8.55, 7120t 160.17. 25.67, 35e809 16*709 26.41. 49.40, 52e229 6 78.271 96.23. 36e509 376,19, 95*36, 24.46, 4.759 46.049 439359 33.44, '7 56.08, 45.26' 15.21. 258.63, 51.35, 29.23, 1*96, 65.68. 42.85, 7,69, 18.42, 2.53, 4.26, 67.60, 22.01, 7.76, 0*33, 2.37, 22.18, 1.259 3 2.939 0.00. 1*229 19.10- 3.67, RINVST - Investirwnt in region 1 (first 2 linies) 30*43, 1.47, 11.17 41.84 7*51, in sectors 1 to 11; in region 2 (lines 3 18.00. and 4) in sectors I to 11, in year N-1. 18 .00 9 0.95, 1*729 29.399 14.671 Lines 21 to 30 represent investment in 5±c,t t i 0 j f year N in region 1 (21st line) in (i) RINVST % 8.39. 2.S8 1.63. 12.65 5.50Q sectors I to 10; in region 2 (22nd line) &gc, /. C , G p q D it in sectors 1 to 10; Lines 31 to 51 represent 1.47* 23.34, 1.35 64.2i8 29.21,0. investment in year N-Z in region 1 (first 2 lines) in sectors 1 to 11; in region 2 (33rd and 34th lines) YEAR 1 6.37, 20.41, 0.00. 18.40. 2 .26 in sectors 1 to 11, etc. .89. 13.58, 1.32. 36.87, lOoO.00 9.26. 38.82. 20*31, 14.82, 7.12, 3 Note: Sector 10 represents government investment in the 5*96, 32*47, 5lls 193e78. 20&11,0. transport sector; sector 11 represents other than government investment in the transport sector. 13.31. 123.79, 7.27. 16.55. 5.79. 1.64, 39.90. 3.13, 64.28, 9.81,00 4.05. 1077 40.00, 7129, 4.17. 1033P 5o73# 2.23, 103.04. l11.1.0. 8.68. 22.63t 9.78 11.34, 16.90. 3.619 64.51, 11.299 241.99. 107093,0. 5.93, 6.43, 17*05. 9.95. 10.82, 2.58, 30.35. 4*70. 166.37. 53.71,0. 79099 2*669 24o339 9*849 20499 .85, 1*70& 1*32, 43.48, 9.21,0, 1.88, 0.44, 0.88, 5.09. 0.411 *14P 0*00P Oe309 12*299 4000909 7.38, 2.00, 4*14, 9-61, 2.43, / 83, O64, 0.53r 18.91, 5080.09 YEAR N 3 .0.0.0.0.0.0,00.0.0. 49a090*090§0*0t0b00900 4.0.0.0.0.0.0.0,0.0,0 P.3 C *090*090*090oOpod0p0b ' 0,00,0.0,0.0,0.090009 t7 ,0.090,0.0,0.006,0.0. /' .0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.00 0. IsAt /23.255, 1.34s, dA.A. 54.69,0. 6.349 20.33. 0O00. 18o33, 2.25, . $go 13a539 2931o 36o729 36o46909 9.229 38667, 20.23, 14.76. 7.09. -3 5.94, 32*349 5.09, 193.01. 85.07.09 13.26* 123.30, 7.24. 16.49, 5.769 1.63. 39.74. 3.12. 64402. 79.00.00 4.03, 1.77. 39*84. 7.26. 4.15, 1o339 SO71D 2.22, 1020620 42e54D09 8*65. 22.54, 9.74. 11.309 16s83, 3.599 64.25. 11.249 241.03, 157.99.0. 5.91. 6.419 16e99, 9.91, 10.78. 7 2.57, 30.22. 4.68t 165.71 85.0790. 7.06 2e65. 24,23, 9.80, 2*48, .835 1.69. 1.319 43.31. 36*4690, 1.87. O449 0.87. 5*07. 0.409 .139 0.00, 0o371 12.24, 6,08.00 7.35. 1,99, 4.12. 9*57. 2o429 e83 0.63, 0.53. 18.83, 24.31909 (i) ROUTPT S253o533V 3 i 90, 42!474,197.135,27123069 ROWU?Fi - Output in region 1 (first 2 lines) in PiJc,. I 6 t1 8 -9 /O sectors 1 to 10; in ragion 2 (3rd mid 202.639.136.336, 65.940,383.614,12712649 4th lines) in sectors 1 to 10, etc. 1920333 27.512,000,000,282.383,111.798, p.4 t, S 7 42 / 122.644, 79031 * 64.408*220*014. 84.8429 279.759. 52*328.529.270.227.331,351.566, 3 823.868,189.626,249.946,1156.486,197o9639 402.167.166.852 *189*4919253.9710286.6219 226.635,233.003.153.346 383.614,183. 819 122o396. 2.3964104' *201 . 1.e88 206e3771 6 183.971. 33.463108.t875.614*908. 98.976, 262.278* 3094959254*835*174&052.836*9579 498.593376. 779,552.02711444.206.367o.37v 179*221. 8.675,444.321d53.7329536.001. 357e2T4.17to226.230.0199992.*959197o953. 214.201. 3*589#633*822,15Q.961,123*253, 117.314. 9.9149 6404089259.5109 &*42. 56e629. .601. 22.84t. 78,145. 20.0429 18065tQ000Q0009 18o409. 73.334. 14.143. 222.937. 2*68*4107o6099147*4049120.380t 114*650. 3.714. 26.063.123.830. 56.*545 ) RPCAP 1T:253. 533, 3*8909 42.474.197.135,272.306. RPA In*ntril Cacty lnu reo 1 (il 1 6 '7 p 9 o0 od 2) aector I to 10; in riori 2 (1Us 202.639,136.336.131,880,383*614.o.O0001. 3 and 4) Dectors 1 to 10, etc. 192.3339 27.512,SooooI.0283.383*111.798* 122.644, 790321,128.816v220.014v*-*0000Q 279.759. 52932v.529*270.227*33lo352.566, 823 *868 * 1899*626 t499. 892 * } 156*486. .0000019 402.167.166.852 189.491 .253.970,286.621. 226*635 233,003 , 306*692 ,383 6149 o0000019 122.3969 2.396.1042.201.111888,206.377, 5163o9719 33.463,217*7509614*908,*0000019 262.278, 30.495,254.835,174*052,836.957, p65 498.5939376*779,1104.054.1444e206oQ000001. 1790221t 8.6759444*321,152*73Z*536*00l, 357 . 274 177*2269460 038 ,992o895o.000001. 214c201, 3.589,633o8229150961*12392539 117o3149 9.9149128.816,259.510..00001. 56.829, *601, 22.8669 78.1459 20.0629 18.658o.0000019 36e.889 73.334toO.0091, 222.937, 2e6889107.809,147*404*120.380. '9 114.6509 3.716. 52.126a112.830**0ooooo. (i) TRAHSF % 1O067,8.12.23.14,16.06,15.40.27.68019.18,1O.96.2.36.6.4. TRAN3f Transfer payments In regill to 10. (il) WAGER %io6989 .325P e276, .300. @201i .030, .111 o371i *.313. WAGER Effmetivo ngmib2l labw cost la Geet ct 1 to 9 (e=luding trwmpwt . 666. @260. .346, .250. *193. *0409 *0759 .385, .313, seetor) in region 1 (linm 1); In soectora 1 to 9 in ragice 2 (lIn 2),s 3.806. a4068 e3639, 538, *171, *028, o1069 *3920 o4900 etc. 4*7759 o294* .276, .3549 e188. .0449 e100O o37t8 *313, Se709P *325.-.334. .538. e.18. *044. .089. *421, .4909 69797, .406, .386. .550P .205t *031* .060. *385 .313, '7.748, .325. .361t .575, .156, *041. .050. *3039 e480, e*751* .325, *372, *4159 *175. .0409 *089. o3859 *414, 9.705, o325. *363* .467, .172, *035P oO89, *3859 .3929 (0.746, o3259 .3379 .538, .1949 *0449 .089, o325, o375. (1) Xl^VST C-5 c,TPo I t 3 04 0- 0 'tt 9 (i) XINVST A ~~5( I%090s, 9090*090090ol7o8v SINVST - Desired level of lvestua. Z - .,*0,090%0,00*00s,27*.5v pnonaly epaeIifd f£m yoar t 7ear; in region 1 (lift 1) in 3 0,001,01,.0,0,0.0,47.1, sectore 1 to 91 in region 2 (li1 2) in oectors 1 to 9, etc. & 90,009000.90 O0,221,89 %er-'&I 2 p~~~~~~~~~~~~~.6 Sb Jt 3 4 C 7 * 9 0 9,0iP0*0*0*090U00, 813. (i) YOIST % 29714,235.29706.4.475.7,375o6t.07e4t541.39245.3.56.8,146.9# YDIT - Non -jage inTcom in reairm 1 to 100 (i) YWAGE S 481.1l370,791050959727.4t698.o91258o9t868*19496.8,105.8,293.$ YWAGE - Wage incwe in regimnO 1 to 10. CATEGORY 11 DATA, (ii) A 6-V IS *0298,.0002*o0000.*0000oo0000*o0116eo0108,.0000..02039*00479 A ate nt 1 tO 10 lecessary to prcdues 0 *O01oO,0004,*000U..00O0.O000.02869.0225,e00O00,0615,.0537, one unit of eomadity oategOy 1 (lire 1)I couodty categPry 1 to 10 necesSry to 3 .0007,.0000,*4603..0000,.0000..0014,.0004,o0000..0086..0102 prodte Ogm unit of categoy 2 (lins 2), etc. t 0804.*0009,*0000, .0038,*0174**0003,*0041.*0000.*0230,*0078, S .0864. .0058 *0166 ,.3162 ,*O741.*00849 0149*-0000..09729.05299 C 0547 ,.0045 o.0000, .0014. *0287. .2494,,O624,*OO0400801,*0317, 7.0050,.0964,.0000,o0005,.0075,.0412,.1703..0000.1210.*03329 . .1057,.0220,.000,.0000o,0000.0360o.108l,.0000.91055*0417, 7 oOO07 .*00016-OOOO.0000,.OOOOo.03319,0147,o0000,e04660o0200 9 /0.0015t.0012,. 000. 0000,**0023,*0481,*1152 *.OOOO.1039 ,0245, 7 OA 1 L 3 4 b- ~ 1 '7 e ?/O (ii) ACCEL R , 1*O..10 ..0O....o*loo10101.. .....10.0 . ACCEL Accelerator coefficient-fraction of ~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~the gap between capacity amd oitput that results in im'estnt in the carrent year in region 1 (line 1) 3 .10,.10,.10,.10,.10.10,. .io..10.1. in sectors 1 to 10, in region 2 (line ~ .010,.010.10..10,.10..'10..10..10..10.0# 2) in sectors 1 to 10. .o,.10.lo10.lo..lo..lo.lo,.1o,.1o.o1 S .10,.10,.10,.100.10,.10.*10,.10,.10.0, Io.J0,.0.0,..10,.0.J0,clO.,.lOs0,lO.10,0 (ii) AINFLT 7 0.01. 0.01. ANFLT - Response ooefficient cf sa,ings rate to infation. p.7 Ih?iO9ic ..4 3 4 (ii) AIMP S .0012.0,.0011.0o121.f - Amount of imzpwt comdities 1 to 4 recaired ,2 to produce one unit cf domestic good 1 (line I); .OD§OO429*037090, import cooaities I to 4 necesaxry to produce one umit of good 2 (line 2), etc. 3 ,O, 000039V0010l09 e O0029,0.09O0037 0 5 *0071.0..0017.-0336. *0012v0p*0145v*0402*, ' 0001 *000024**1113., e *0031909*00269*0892* 9 0..00022D,0115*0D /40 .0..0015..0405.0. (IV) ALPIA I 2*1.05. ALPHA - Avwage pioperneity to conEme. (ii) ALPHA1 I 100*0.0, ALpAI -Inerease in effootve cpe1ty due to inrase in p lucttd-ty r0smuting firon unebsfta (ii) APCOIS i .l233,oO022..02659eO695#.24419.1354'.0219.-0000**3236..0221& tochnologca1 chose-in ell sectore (10) an * ~~~~~~~~~~~all r9giono (10); eac at vau rd .0. (ii) APCWAG S ol233DoQ02299O265,.QO95* a244l.l354* oO219..oOO..32369.0221i AECD3S - Proportion of oonwmar oe*nditurev spent on (li) APIDIS % o0083Coo0829e0149o0o oonmodity 1 to 10 for earners of non-wage income. APCWAG - Proportion of consumer expenditures spent on (ii) APIWAG % .0083,.0082..0149.0. commodity categories 1 to 10 for wage earners. G 04OWY I/ J. 34 ~ 4 ! p 9 (ii) 8 S C,X 0 .0 9*211,0 *0 ..0239-1459.092-0O49, APIDIS - Proportion of consumer expenditures spent on - import categories 1 to 4 for earners of non-wage J 0 .0 .0 .0 .0 ,.023t.450%*093v.004. income. APIWAG - Proportion of consumer expenditures spent on 90 c 0 .0 .0 .0 ..132,.7179.0939.0049 import categories 1 to 4 for wage earners. 4 90 *0 .o23290 90 *.050,.560v.092,.0049 B - Anunt of ccOsz&ity 1 to 10 reqwirod for $1 af S- v0 oO eO 90 *0 9902300548cv090920040 investment in sector 1 (line i); for $1 of iUvvwt- 6 90 to .0 .0 .0 ..050..521.,092,,004, minit in sector 2 (ling 2)., etc. i t0 .0 .0 .0 .0 PeO239*208,.0939e010o 89°O .0 O. .0 .0 9*013ve553P,0929.010, 9.,0 .0 .0 .0 v.008,9013,.834q.093vo010O /0.0 .o0 90 .0 90 %,0139o634D.093,00040 I .0 .0 t0 .0 .0 *e013,a6349*0939*004q (ii) BETA i10.*942 BETA - Proportion of profits in all production sectors (10) p.8 (iPo) 1 I BImP - Amoaunt of import cozneity 1 to 4 ie ,O,0,.525 , >re qircd for $1 ef ilw-ri In L,0P0.*430*U* sector 1 (line 1); iupVerZ categori0s 1 to 4 readrod for $1 cf invest- 290.*0v054909 amt in sector 2 (line 2), ete. 4,090.0,062,0, CAFF - We t givea Wating capacity in aLl sectors (9) Gil5ifrg trmpcrt, S.0909.333,09 in the allocaticm of total output amo, regions. 1kch voln is .30. .050 . .333 .0, CME - Additiona capacity paeo d by $1 7,0,0s,*666,0, of investiDnt in sectors 1 to 10. e*090W0332909 BlliDG - Proportion of the amount of last yeer'I ovt pA tbat uif3b1 i vEst-ed 1909,0.0042P09 thiio year in region 1 (1ift 1) in sectors 1 to 10; in region 2 (lins 2) /090 90 9 .256 go, in sectors 1 to 10, etc. {1 ,0,09*256,0E - -Eonent for th gravity madel for a1l transported poda, (IV) CAPF !9*0.30. includirg impwrt (14). (ii) CDE to83*-19810oQ*49le459Qo56P*71*1*52PO*39too2l LO - Number of gestation yaars reqfred (ii) EXOG ~~~~~~~3C1~~~~ I ~~~ 3 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ for investraut in sectors i to 10. (il) ~J EX06 .G4* 17 90334..55O6.30386.0651. i1,i0014,.1S59,-O s03,16OQoO0 Fbr all sectors LAG - 1.0. .2 s0334.5506se.... 03a88 sO65.. 06o,.0O74.15549.,ssg*.ozo3,.161o..oo~o,9 ........... OUTF Weigat ggiven last yearIs output in 3ectore 1 to 10 in. allocating this ,3 0334,e5506..03880*0651 .*0201 ..0074,.15590*0203,*1610,.0000O, year's output. 4.0334..5506,.03U88,0651,.0201l.0074,.1559,.0203,.1610,.oooo. PASSA - Proprtion of increse in average cost per dollar of catput in sectors 5.o334 o5506,.0388.o0651,*0201 0074.1559,*0203,.*161O,oOOO9 1 to 10 passed onto csurs In higher pric es. f;.03349.5506*.03889e0651,.0201..0074,.1559,.02Q3,.1610O9o000 PASSB - Proportion Of tbe inerease in 7*03349e55069e0388ve06519*02019*00740l15590*0203#l6100*00000 *marginal cost in sectors 1 to 10, 33.oa0d on in higxsr prieos. fe 0334t.5506990388**0651* 0201,*0074,.1559**0203,.161 *,0000 ?90334o.5506.*0388,.0651i*0201i*0074,*1559.*0203,o1610,c*0000* /0.0334, p5506, .0388. *oO651 * 0201 .*0074 I *1559, *0203 *1610 *0000Q (IV) EXPON % 14*39 (IV) LAG %10*10 (IV) OUTF S .10i .45, *609 9409 .109 0.0. *45, *30..409 (IV) PASSA %10*1*0# (IV) PASSB %10*1.00 p.9 (IV) PASSC 91 lO*0.0: PASSC - Proportiomal increase in export prices (IV) PASSD %9io0o.o9 in sectors 1 to 100 (IV) PASSD %9*0.0, PASSD - Proportion of the increase in excise (IV) PASSE 9% 1000*0* taxes passed on in higher prices on the output of sectors 1 to 1O. (IV) PASSF % 10*00,0 PASSE - Inhczase in prices in sectore 1 to 10 (IV) PASSG % 10*0.0. 'ithout respect to supply or deand couitiona . (iii) POE a 4*1e6 o PASSF - Response factor to supply conditi;ns (IV) PROF U .609 .25, *.10 *30, *60t *70* .259 *409 *30, inIaencing tae price fI:tion in sectors 1 to 10. (ii) RIF % o,038,.00O9.0Q.0453..O09l,01049.O82l.s,0oOt CON 0) TAt 2 c C- PASSG - Response factor to caacity utilization (ii) TAX AC,t G 0to/1 {e 63**0067*ogro4tio.649@o 629ool4789*0ec00329*0:930 bin sector I to 1O used in the prce fGznction. 2 .0063 * oO067. .0064 .0064 *0029o 1478t oO9 oo32 , .08939 3.0063,o0067,.0064..0064..00299.1478,.0,o0032,.08939 POE Cost of imports 1 to 4 at port of entry. 4.0063,eOQ671egQ64toOO64990029,e1478*e0eO0032*908939 FROF Weight given to 3at year's rofits in ±..0063.0067,.064,.004..002,.1478,0,.0032.08939sectors 1 to 9 (excludes tranaport) in SiO.063D.OO67C@OO649*0064toOO299*1478990*00329*08939 al7De¢atirff tota (output.6taupr)i L eOG63,oOO67,*0064oeOO64.oO29,ol4l89.O9,oo32,OS93. R Desird invsntory-output ratio in sOetreE i to 10, '7.0063 oO067ooO064 *00649 00299-1478 t09 0032 § 0O93 9 o- TIAX - Sales tax in region 1 (line 1) on oodir fO0063oO00679-00649e0064epO029,*1478.OeoO0329e08939 categories 1 to 10; in region 2 (line 2) 'I,0063,.0067,.0064,.0064,o00Z9,,14i78,oo,.0032,,0893, on coodities 1 to 10, etc. /0.0063o,.0067 .0064 .0064,.0029991478, 0..00329.08939 (ii) TXDIST oeO35. TXDIST - Tax rste on non-siege incom. (ii) TXPROF l10*O0529* TXPRCF Tax rate on profits in al Bectorst (10). (ii) TXbAGE .0O359 TIWAGE - Tax rate on wae ineone. (IV) uNIoili % 100*0.09 UNION - Reactiotn cf the wage rate in all aeotora (10) to increnee in the price index in all regions (ii) WOVEi % 90**2* (1O)- WOVER - Wage rate elasticty with respeCt to ACGI;N ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~overcapacity production in all sectors (9.) 0 0 excld1ir g trarsport, a4 all regions (10). 2 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0,1.01. WTINVJS - Poportion o-f lat Yearts inOVetBast that will be invested this year in region 1 (line 4' *0,0~0 ,O9 i,O0,0,9 ,1,01. 1) in sectors 1 to 93 in region 2 (line 2) in sectors 1 to 9, etc. .0j 0,ODO * .00 * 0.UsO1 *01. 53ictR T A 3 / ; 7 'I ,0.0.0.0.0,090.0.1.019 P ,0.0,0,0.0.0.0.0.1.01. 9..0.0 .0 0 °.0.0. 1. 0. 10.0.0.0 .0 00-000*.0. 1.01. CATEGORY 111 DATA (i) GoV S 0.000. 0.000 oO.000 0.0009 0.000. 45.042. 48.245. 0.000. GOV - Owe&nnsnt e°xenditures on the goods and aervUea produced tY soctors 1 to 10. (i) GOVIFP % 0.000# 0.000. 0.0009 50.347 GOVINP - Governmet ,oVnditunro on import (ii) XTCHRG s categries 1 to 4, bE5,r,,Aro°rI . a 47 S1 9 tD Ut CRIc.i ' .088,O0O.31 O.104,0.0843.001484,0O0720,0.1369.0.0705.0@138790.1465,040Q00* XTCNRG -.Traiuport charge for shipping itpmt of sector 1 from region 1 to all I .07870,oO201, 0.0909.0096090.1297.0.0806*0.1263,0.0781,0*1662*0o1453,0@0000. other regions including exports (line CM!VITI 1 1). Every 10 lines stand for the (Agriclture) 3.1596oU.0762.0.01O3,0.1355,0*0519.0.0533,0.0457,0.0441.0*0737.0e0970,O0*000 9 transport charge in shippirg the out- put of one sectcr (last 40 lines lover itol6970.0s9O7.0.138490.0198.0.0700,0*0306,0*0798.0.047990*0594.0.1151eo0000000 shipping of ths 4 categories of imports) from the region of origin (each line) - .1763.0e1186,0.0470,0.0941,0.0135,0*0343,0.01980.024990.0528.0.0555*0.0000. to the regions of dextination (11 values across the line). s c2238.0.1356,O.0871,0.0557toQ0729,0.0078,0.0479.0.0314,0.045190.0763Q,0.0000 7.1944.o01309,0.049990.0820.0.013290.0497o0.0157.0.0353.o.0712.0O0615,0.00000 8.1630o0.1283,0.0465.o.0035,0.u259.0.0227.0.0487.0.00s4.o00399.0.0OO890.0o00o 9.1620oUo1554,Q*07430o.O615,o.06030o.O264,U.0691,0o0417.0o0042.O.0954,.Oooo.0 10.2244Q0.1575,0.072390.1095.0.0336,0.0702.0.0181,0.0980.0.4517.0.019490.00009 11 3238,0.1449F0.2058,0.1617,0.1967,0.1491 0.ld03.0.2201,0.256590.15210.0000.0 .03U000.0329,C.0533,0.0363,0.0810,0.1119,0,1726,0.0740.0.257390*1520,0.0000, COMKDMI 2 .0472,O&024990.052590.0357909083590.113990.1645tO0O74890*257990.137590*00009 (Oil an Mining) .0290,().0030,0.0046,0.004190.0754,0.1092o0.0773,0.0229.0.2565,0.23g2.020000. .0808.0.0174.0.0445?0.G446 ,.O ?39OQ,0449,O-1493, 0-0663:0Q21250. a2600sOoooo0 p.11 .O98O,U.U2O3.O.oG27,O.0316,O*02200*089190038790.052190*208790.2O780eO0C00 *031,o,(0025,Q.0089.o00053,o.0372t0.OO54,0.O128,O.027590.1643,O.24O08o0009. *0897,00132.O.o4l33,0.02O3..0933,O.1113,0.oO54.0.070170*2ZtO9el7470*0OOO00 *U86&..0*0177,Q.o463,CisO28.O*1478 0*0465 0.076390*0199,0.14271092455,OoOOOO0 *10MU7oQ.244,0Q05b6b0e0385,0.0824.0.0504*0*1546.0,077390*110390*286590oOO000 *1603,0o037990cp77810.0494.0.160490,1735,0,0363,0e19T?02545.0O06430.OOO00o *0730Q,OQ537s0.063490.03349,013710.1680.0.104l1.0e27880o03115.0.0769.0OO.09 *0044*0.0000*0*0000,eO231 .7s.oO627.0.0000 .00000i000726,0.0000O.OQO0.06b0000, *012790.00009.U03Z7.0O0000.0O,559.0000000ooOO00e0,000,00QGOtoOD00000o00OOO0 CO%*'DIm 3 (Coffee) oOO0sO0aOO0s00QU79000124sOoOl58909000Q09QOg>OoODo o o0 oovo .ooo,o.0000 .O.O000.0Q0033,.O000.01lO5.0eo0000,OoO2sleOOODOO0oOOoOoOOOo9 *OOOOOPOOOO0ODOe0090 0000000OoOO1.o.oo88.oOO30§0000860000Q00tOoQOtOO009 0)04O*0.0009,c0000o0.00000.0.0095v0o000l0o00O00000D 086o0QO6o.0B1eOOo0,0eQo4§ .0000,000000.0.0000,0.000000000000.000000.,00021 .00Z19poesooo0o,.o026D0aozOOO oO0o,o.so000.0o0O00,o0.0OoO00,0.003Qo0 OOO89Oo0OtOoOOO000sooo0 o 0oOoo0o,0.000ooO0o0OooOoo0o.,O00.0ooo.77 OCOOOOD0oGOOo 000 70oaOO0fro@OO0c .OOOOoe000oOOoOo,O00000 .O.O00Oe0000090. 0.0000O,02360000000000000990000009 .0282,O,OOOS,0.485oOeO5O79oeO428,O*0544ooao3879OeO5l6tOOO0oo00 000430@0.0ooO .1214DooO624,00122l20o3l62 0032940Qo38l4p0o34l3oQo3775,oo49?6eoo496490.0Q0"" ol95QOQeQ240o o08849,038379 02961.0.3473 Q03077 o.34O9oOo461H 4 O045730o00eoOo *3836PO.1753.0Q1353.0ao168,0O0741,0.1252e0,O85790.090290o2255eOo2043sOoQO09 COIMODITY 4 ol479DOe358600eO9U00,0O214;0*0975,000737Q01460POO1032,Ool3O3eO.2740,0.OcOOe (Livestock) o3391.0*2641 pO216290.1732,0o05189OoO578,0.0143#0oQ56590o169290.l10Q0o0000 ,2412.Oo2975.0,1341.0.0801,O.o52090.0264,0.Q960O0.Q5349000604,0t2057,0.0000, .3838 0z294l. 02494r,0,2136.0.0989.o0o9l5910,03060o.O0359.091861 Oes54tOoOQOet *2901,0.2848o,e,838,O01268909031090,01539O,059590,01359,O1041 O.e151760.oO00O e2903,0c3369oOol778Oo1275tOeO913*OQO687fo91366sOoO9680.00036,0.253690.D00OQ o4222,O.32160,Q275890.237590.1183,0910999 0Q0505.O.092490l668,0,o034.0.0000. p .12 *4550UO.31O2,O*3573,O061186O.52339O05152,Oo458O0O05296tO.6O7O,O.5485,OcOOOOOD wuzwO,Q4.46O.l16U59,o1491,0O2010O0.193390O3099,0*2934,02l52.O.417390oOOOOt *0348.O.0I46,C)1146.O.1833,O01627.O.1843.O.2230,O.1866,O.2059,Q.22140O0OOOOo COMMODITY 5 (Food Pr cessing)O52COUO11840.00410O12349005260*073,9OoQ85l.OoO731.0*0950O0-112O-OOOOO0 *1722,O.171o7Ol.1201,O0221O.117'O.O569.O.1436.O01157,0.079090.1650.00.0000 *2056.O.1693,Q.O5O7O.1oO2O.QoOQ8O,O.O483O,O316,6O.O339,OoO7O3,OoO778oO.*oOOO .2167,O.1872,Oeo693*0*0558gOeO469*090057,0*1181,.0O2700,0253,01086POeOOOOO o2233,O.1845,O.0662,0.1236,O.0246,9.0691,9.0097,O.0525,O,0913,o.0524,00000 *2219,o.1897,O.07060.0850,0.0399O.O317,O.O542,.00116,0.05379,O1Z85,Oo00Q09 *2396,o.2083,Q.0909,o.0779,O.06960O.0250,O.0871,o005O8,O0OO29,*02580,O.OO9O, *2704,Oo23139Ql1164,01776b,O734Qo12O79OoO4699OoO940901433pOeO256,OcOoQ9 *OOOU,O.OOO,QOOOUOOOeOOOO,O.OOOO,O.OOOQO,O3744g0eOOOOO,O.OQ9OeOOO.090000o *o136to.O255ZO.O98O9O.1263.0Q138990.1678 0.1792 0.161690*2711 .02369.0.0000* *0294,0o0093.090763.0*1702.0*119990.1566.0.1643.0.1473.0.2895o0.2190.0BOO.O *1g550.0851.O.0018,0.0864.0.0388.0.0677900654.0.0552.o00731.0.0953o00000, *1692,0.1766,0.0827.00140,O.0766,0.0617.0.1160.0e0598.0o0603.0.1480.0o0000, .134590e1248,0.03639e0-70790.005690.0470O.0O262*0.027890*0534,.0-587.0.0000, (LmghtInd 6sty .1404,0*1348,0,0446,0e0376,0o0340,0.0024,0.0596,0.02100.00186,O.0892,0.0000, *1411,*Oo347,0.0A4690*0843,0.O183,00605,0.005690.0379,0O0709,0.0389,0.0000. e1501,0*1425.0*0504.0.0602.0*0302.0.0346,0.0549.0*0089.0*0409,0*0688,0.00009 .1607,0*1551.0@Q6l2,0.0554.0.0525,0t.o2720.084710.0385,0,0Ol2.0.1l080.O0O004 *l834,0.1862.0.0780,0O1236b0.0551l0o1079.0.0536.0.0574.0.1237.O.oll7,0.0000, .1251 ,01114.0.1840,0o257OO.1816,0.2349.Oo2046,0.2038,.O295990,2372,0,0000, *0337,0.(306,0O2165,Oo6573,O.1785,Oe270090*1961*0*1755*0.0000.0.2410.0.O000. .1099.001688.02790tU07720.0o1602.0o4132 001778,O.17900.000090.2220*0eO0000 14l4,Oe1329,0.O23.072173,0o0526,0.O837,0.O685,0.0698,0,OO00.001141.0o0000O *1474.o.1636,0Q2419,02415.Ooll23,O.246790*1246,0.0925.Q.0eO0O.e1715.OeOO000 COMMCDIrY 7 (Heavy Incistiy) *1762o.01896tOo2944*0*62UO.0.03300,1962 ,0O0314,0.1195t00000.0.0712,0.000Oo p.l3 *1726,0Q2019,0*0120,0,131890.1138.0.0198,0.O64890,l785,0eO00.0.11O09,0O00009 .192490.203990.154710.6190,0*0254o0l1104,0.0255,0.05960,0oO,0.O519,b0O0000 *1848,0.2106,0Q0850.0*2865 0.0454,0914-87910051790.0636.0O00000900839,0000009 *1991,0.2311,0.1051 0.4631,0.0790,0.2197,0.0907,0.0639,O.0000.0.1346,0.O0000 .2553,0.2596,O.6309,1,1289p0.0784905446,vO.958,Ool956,OOOOoO0455,o.OOOO0 *2507,0.1245,096204,0.9176,.el9O1,0.7675,0.l8l8.O.2625,OoOO0090,196790.000* *00029UU000U.0.000,O.t00880.eOOOOPO.0133s0,0000P0.OOOOpOoOl560-000*0000OOOO0 .*00000o0002,0oOU0.00000O0,0.0000090.*014690eOOO.OO0O000O.O00000900009o0O00 *0000,,0U000,0.0002,o0000o0000000,0.0065e0.00O0,0aOO000o0oO0000t00o0e00QQp .OOOOsOoOO000,00000.000002P0*000,00900420oeOOOopOoOOOO,OGOO090P0000900000eO, 00000.00000.0000.9,00000,0.Q0003.0*0027909000090002290.000090.000O0,00000 CONMCDITY 8 *0000,.0000.0.OOO0O,O*OOOOpO.OOO$Osso0o0ooo0000000000900000O.OOOOOOOOOOO (Constructin) *000000,0 0000o.oOvo 0000,000000OOOOOOOO.00*OO4 .0.0030* OeOOOOOOO090900000 *0000.oo0Q00o0..OO0.oooo900oooo0-0024i0o0000w0o000290*0000,00000900000, OOOPO0000.0o0000o 0v0000,00 0000,0.0079 00.00000.000 .0.0002 0O.0000909O000O .oo00000o0oo0.o.0o0o,.oUO,0000oo0o 0000,90.O52.0.0120,0.000,0.000020*0000-.OO 00000.0.0000 00 ,0o0 9 0c 0eOOO0 0,0000090o0000090.000090 e0O000000OO.00009 *015990.155090-372690.126290Q4185,0.269890,5570,0.4111,0,596290.497190O.000O *0350.0Q0175,0.1968,0.4277,0o307590.3453 0.3863 0o3478.0.6197T0o3649.0.0000. el344sOoO64990o005690e15U79.02271.0.1228.0O3047v0.2246.0.39381i0U3044,0.0000. *4366,0.427290.2391Q0o0059,0Q2079.0.0625.0,2967901913,0.3859.0O2970,0.00009 *3627,0.s995U.o083710.1868s0o0071.0.0702,0e0528,0.061170e348490.0930.0o0000o *417hsQo3555s0e1447,0,0700701028i0i0027p0.i16O10.eO2lO9o27609Ool872,0.0000, *394390*331490*1169,0.2791,0.01179,01237U000a5590Oo928p0.411790,0446,0.0000O OOJMMODITY 9 (Services) *4U5390.3376,0*1041#091868,0.065690.0236sO1235,0.002990c363190.1212,0900009 *6355,0.5721,0*3576,0*456790.2856*0e237790.283,O.*106190,0027z702110oO.oOOO, *6014.U.5371,0.31249Q05067?0.199590.323390.106390.2607,0o6193,0o0057,000000, lol447p1l16ˇ9P1o3740b1p485691*4805p1l5168p1*4526p1o539591e785391e5352,0.0000p 1.0000,91.O 000.1.OO01Ow.OOO,1.QOOl100 lO,1.00001.O0,10oo00,1.O0,lv]looOof,O00OOOt 1.U000.1.00o0,1.0oo0c1.0000O.1oQo.10oO.1,t00O00.1.00010 000110QDooftoeo0o00t 1.ou0Uo.1O00,1.0ouUQ,1.Q00O.1.(JOO,1.O0000.10000001.000091.OO0Q*ioo0OO,0000000 10UU0, 1.00.1.000U0.9100000OO ol00 0010000 00100000100000I,0009o} O000Oo0000o COMMODITY 10 1.00000.1.0000.1.0000.1 .0000.1.0000O,1.0000.1.OO00.1.00000o1.0000g1o000000000000 (Transport) 1.0000.1.000.1*00091O00001.0O0001000009100000.1.000001 o000001000.000000 1.000001.00000.10000.1.0000 1-00000*10000091OOOOOlOOOO.0,1O00009100000O00000 0 1.OO00.1.0000.O000091.0000.1.O0000.100009 1e0000*1*00000910000 0910000-00O00000 .000.1el0000,.0000.l.00000l0000009000100000000,000t1t0000000,1O0000o000009 *0000.0.O00000;10000.00000.0000000 00000t0. o0.0000090 00.ou00000*oOOOO0039 .0000000900 0O0,000000000000 000 0000 00Q0 .0.ooooo0000.000000 0.00000.0 00000.0.01319t *oooo,o.oooo.o.oooo.o.oooo.o.oooo.o.oooo.O.oOoo.o.oooo,o.oOoo.o.oooo.0.a371. IMPORT 1 (Agiculture 0000o0@0Q0Q00b0000.00000.0000 000000,000,O0o0000.000000o00000,25536 Piod&1cts) .0000.0.000.OeOOOO,000000.O00..00.00.O000.0.0000000000000000,OQ*OOO.1Oo970* *0000.000000.0000.0.00000 0b000.0.0e000.0.00000.00000.000000 000000 .25318 000000,0000.0.0000.0000.0.0000000000. 0.0000 ,0000.0 00,00000000000539 .0000.0o0000 0.0000 0 .0000 0.0000 0.0000 .00000oooo0oobolo,00oo0 .OoO o251418 *OOGOPOPOOOO*OoOOUQOtO4OOOOlOQOO*OO 00000000s0l0000w0o0000t0*0OOO9ODo3197l .O000.00000000.00000 0.00000.0.00000.000000.0000"0.0000.0.00000,0.O0000c)O10?8, .0O00*0,0.000009,0.O(0OU0,0.00000 0.ooO000.O0000,O.O000.O0.0000.000000.0.098,00 *oooobotooooso-ooot [608 60.6U OTr X 5 o3 _ 2A-Q3 _QA4AL _2- 0 0,030 LQ4A0 . ~1 ..AjJd .A1 i,- --&.2684 3-- ALZA L . 95-- 4 0,263 0.030 9.206 101.620 8,509 96,088 11,995 7.91s 1,901 1,757 o0o0o 239,295 5 0,067 0,022 23,135 2,315 17,412 30,045 I,N748 11,347 0,747 2,583 0,007 105,427 6 0.056 0,018 11,991 4,877 20,091 72,194 2,s113 22,103 1.551 3,994 0,010 163,996 r 0.058 0,019 16,364 0,929 36.5S8 10,946 65,061 5.121 0.309 8,533 0.01t 143o909 8 0,038H 0,013 21,156 2,539 21,801 40,915 19,856 29,92.0 0O.33 5,167 0,00s 142,243 9 0,02.Q Q . Q,Q6.*., 2T ?_D...2003 3.10Q -42.32E 6.4 2 - 3.0 _ t41^ _73.163A7 10 0.028 0,009 4,814 0,324 9,430 3,823 75,150 1,909 0.118 43,278 .olo0 138,891 11 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,0000 0,000 0,000 0o000 0.000 COLSUM 149,01' 68.396 235.586 185.031 142.7'r 413,023 268.224 96.629 20,040 73,701 1,021 1673,403 IN YEAR I rL6O5 OF THIS COMMOOTTY (PRkOdCSED FOOD DESTINATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 It. ROWSUM URIGIN 1 138.338 75,423 20.914 13.539 4,811 8.338 5,29Q 3.041 Q*635 1.175 0.00OQ 2124t04 2 34.731 44,692 13.023 5,344 2,900 4,55S 3,225 1.710 0.348 1,033 0.000 111,760 3 8.298 11,923 182,964 17,507 30,816 43,00o 31,130 16,266 2,916 7.505 o.ooo 352,325 4 12.021 5,656 24,268 123,513 15,3t8 66.915 14,846 15.458 4.443 3,935 0.000 286.374 5 2,915 3.503 37.582 13,591 42,875 37,560 40.293 16,676 2,436 8.825 0,000 206.256 6 12.854 10,617 101,706 114.685 72.244 342,450 66.894 76.302 22.284 16,291 0.000 836,327 7 2,928 5.459 72,280 24,365 91,150 37.778 200,345 44.111 6,176 50.230 0751I 535,574 8 0.689 1,682 11,210 7.209 16*513 37,618 15,42? 20,405 2.296 4.126 0.000 123.160 9 0,321 0,265 2.376 2,634 1,649 7,850 1,550 1.714 1.281 0,389 0,000 20,029 to o1 . ..L. A 1..l7-9 JLL 29.3 4i Z_ 1,1L 11 0.000 0.000 0000000 0.000 0.000 0o,o 000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 COLSUM 213,556 161,607 480.880 129,380 292.14i 602,65? 408.557 200,446 43.059 122.157 0o.75 2864,189 IN YLAR I FLOWS OF THIS COMMnDITY (LIGHT INDUSTRY) p. 7 UESTINATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1o It ROWSUM URIGIN 1 1069537 46.988 12,854 5.329 3.976 7,106 5.13 2.500 0.535 1,485 1.868 194.281 2 40.821 48,244 11.170 2.719 2,708 4.482 3,265 1.630 0.336 0.8l7 1.381 117.514 3 22.906 26.437 3A9.981 51,321 61,662 106.942 17.761 38.215 7.435 19,878 1.296 789,888 4 4.882 1.652 13.310 113.oto t10l81 46.456 10.834 10.810 3.113 2.872 0,179 2179300 S 2,425 2,453 26,192 13.425 38.134 31 ,9r5 36.765 14.830 2,087 7r785 _ 0,316 176.386 6 4.227 3.638 36,639 55.242 33.178 253,067 33,937 38.547 12.218 6,926 09416 478.034 F 3,255 2.949 34,945 15.488 52.932 43.025 145.396 20.14? 2.569 21.212 0.585 342,518 8 1.108 .0oo0 11,565 13.457 13.040 31,683 14.159 19*307 2.042 4.974 0.152 112.494 9 0.051 0.029 l161l 2851 1,399 1.369 1.319 1.609 1.389 0.256 o0oto 17,892 tO 0,749 0.681 9.328 4.518 11.466 11.345 27.591 1.452 0.779 35,828 0,l95 109,932 11 0.000 0,000 0,000 0o000 o,ono 0,000 0,000 0.000 0.000 - ,000 QOQ _&0Q.Q9 COLSUM 181,014 134.078 527.616 271.360 234.677 543,448 356,129 155.042 32.504 102.032 6.399 2556,299 IN YEAR I FLOWS OF THIS COMMODITY (HEAVY INDUSTRY) DESTINATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 to 11 ROWSUM URIGIN 1 61,573 l6.474 6,840 20,928 7,594 2.905 6,343 2.453 0.845 4,878 1,847 132.679 2 21.356 39.564 2,328 4.746 1.810 0,552 1,556 0,493 0,158 1,310 3.322 37,j25 3 3.540 29224 101.411 8.251 2w532 25,034 16.290 19.327 5.523 0.295 O.113 184.540 4 0.799 0,557 35.-j5 97.62-2 -j.8?4 86.631 i,931 10.651 0.857 0.271 0,237 226,755 5 0,269 0,476 29605 2.562 7.988 0,509 10.260 2.143 0,424 5,066 - 0,268 32,570 6 3,366 1.o53 58,059 14.361 15.851 191.216 68.000 12.014 1,761 0.909 0,082 366,672 1 1o073 1o884 10,085 10,912 48,165 7.552 59r703 10.403 1.817 1931f8 1,556 172,468 8 0,184 0,234 I 1I3 29432 0,825 0.115 2,884 0.906 0,383 0,450 09068 9,646 9 0,000 0,000 0,000 0!000 0,000 0.000 0,000 00000 _ 0.° _ o ,_oo 10 00018 0,031 0.116 0,151 0,512 0,084 0.831 0.143 0.0?4 1,668 0,038 3.617 t1 00,o0 0o000 0o000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0,000 COLSUM 92,178 62,498 217,97 151,965 87.102 314.596 167,798 58,544 11,791 34.166 7.531 1206.142 IN YEAR I rLOWS OR THIS C0MMODITY (CONSTRUCTION) DESTINATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 it ROWSUM ORIGIN 1 66,949 0.000 o,ooo 0o000 o.ooo 0o000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 66,949 2 0,000 65.402 o,ono o,oo 0,000 0o0000 0.000 000oo0 o,00oo O,00 0,00 65,402 3 09000 0,000 253,795 0,000 0,000 o,ooo 0,000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 253.795 4 23.394 0.000 u0ooo 132.304 0,000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 155.697 5 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 110.551 0,000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 110.551 6 9,6P1 19,937 ?6.806 54,134 76,944 352.954 0o000 57,281 12.201 0.000 0.000 560,479 7 0000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 - 0,000 216,298 0,00o 0o000 l7,248 0,000 233,546 8 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 13.363 0.000 20,961 29,553 0.000 1.524 0,000 65,402 9 7,2o0 0,000 0,000 0.000 0.000o 0.000 0000 0.000 11,485 0.000 0,000 18,706 10 000 0.000 0.O000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00o0 0o000 0 oo,000 26,442 0.000 26,442 11 go,QO DoQO UDo Q _ . a n0oo ",go Q 0 ^QgQ _ O 9QO9 _ QUO O,QOQ 0g00Q COLSUM 107,184 85.339 280.601 187.038 150.857 352,954 237.259 86.834 23,687 45.214 0,000 1556.968 IN YLAH i FLnws OF THIS COMMODITY (SERVICES) P DEsTINATION 1 2. 3 4 6 7 8 9 to 1~1 ROWSUMA ORIGIN 1 3 30, 086 65 .355 2 .385 0 .11? 0.041 0, 069 0.026 O.O?7 0.000 3 0.012 - 1.135 399,254 2 11.160 195.221 20.295 0.196 0.130 0.199 0.078 0.080 0.006 0.0629 1,622 228,981i 3 9,973 31.818 931.008 27.413 59.065 54.166 26.688 39.528 0.784 4.346 18.776 1203.626 4 14.833 0,095 1,952 362.05? 0.491 18.393 0.109 0.499 0.0012 0.027 0,387 399,254 5 4,150 5,o56 1.035 26,406 273.402 73,985 172.157 57.0316 1.066 11.179 8,493 639.965 6 6. 76 2 1 .111 17,645 236.244 31,746 1048,138 1.,384 150. 7 14 0,7T1 9 0.0821 1,782 1503.065 7 ~~~~~3,041_ 50QQ6 6*074 19Ji.94 173,560 59,369 587,138 -3 '8'g95 2,006- 1-18,694 .19,984 1033,359. a8 0.7 a9 0.604 14 1 4 6.,686 -14,743 1041,95 00 6 .1 20 92.795 3. 3 60 0.947 1.1t28 270,089 9 0, 189 0,066 0, 21 3 0,665 091 6 4 1.,098 0,077 0. 143 7 3 .09 1 o.038 0,5 17 7 6.,32 0 10 0. 152 0,208 0,213 0.674 3.,21t8 1. 05 21 1 0,91 83 1,o7 A3 0,230 98,8 3 1 o,43? 17 ,0428 11 0,000. -0000 0,000. 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,000 COLSUM 381.134 304v599 988.193 680,051 556.559 1398.436 809,960 381.484 81.677 234,924 54,320 5871.340 DEMAND/RFACTOR-*EXPONENT Eq. 3.21 RFAC(M,N,I) 20.166E_01 1,5713E 01 494926E 01- 391752E 01 2,7301E 01 5,81,S4E 01 3,5658E 01 1,9254E 01 4,2?39E 00 1,1694E 01 0, 2,0166E 01 1,5713E 01 4,4926E 01 3.1752E 01 2.?7301E 01 5.8184E 01 3,5658E 01 1,9254F 01 4.2739E 00 1.1694E 01 0, 2,QIO.E66 l 91..1SiI E_ _0 4-,4926E..01--. -3 a75f.Q _.73QlE._P1 5,8 0L 3.6184 01 I9_254E 0.4 7 3 9E_QQ0 .0 9E.-I 290166E 01 1,5713r 01 4.o4926E 01 3.1'752E 01 2o?301E 01 5,8184E 01 3.5658E 01 1,9254E 01 4,2739E 00 1.1694E 01 0, 2.01~66 Q1 1,5713E o1 4,4926E .Ol 3,1752E 01 2t7301E 01 59810;E 01 3,565SE 01 1,9254E 01 4,2739E 00 1,1694E 01 .0, 2 0166E 0 1 . 5 7I 01E6 4.4926E 01 3. 1 T2E 01 2.7301E 01 5.RIB4E 01 3.5658E 01 1.92S4E 01 4.?739E 00 i.11694E-01 0. 2.0166E 01 1,5?13E 01- 4o4926E 013*1752E 01 2o7301E 01 5 i 8184E 01 3.5658E 01 1.9254E 0 1 4,2739E 00 1.1694E 01 0. 2v0166E 01 I ST13E 01 4. 926E 01 3.1752E 01So 1 1 .14E 01 3*565E0 .95E0 4.2739E 00 1,1694E 01 0. .?..QQLA..L51}IE.~~Q 61. E9AE.I 3.o I !2E _01 .. ,3 0 1E 0 1 _._A§EII k 35-5LOi J. 1. 9 25 EI_A ..'T!9 E QQ J9t.L0 -- 2,0166E 01 1,S713E 01 494926E 01 3,1752E 01 2.i301E 01 5.8184E 01 395658E 01 199254E 01 4,2739E 00 1,1694E 01 0, 09. .- ~ 0 9 0, 0, 0, . 09, -. 0 -0. 0. *.. , - 0 IN YEAR 1I FLOWS OF THIS COri1DIlY (TRANSPORT) UESTINATION I 2 .3 4 56-7 8 9 1 0 11ROO~UN ORIGIN 1 to.512 .1.178 3,369, 2,381 2.0047 4.363 2,674 1.444 09320 0.0877 0,000 20.166 2 1.178 0,918 2,625 1,855 1,595 3,400 2,083 1.125 0,250 0,683 0,000o 15.713 - 3-- -A 9 -2- 7--. 505o. 5,13-04. 4.956 1 .....9tT.20 .- -~5. St 3A21 7 . TL __I4-_0-4 _ . 4 2,381 1.08 55 5. 104 3,749 3,o22.3 6.487,0 4,v21 0 2,273 0.0505 1 ,38 1 0,000 31.752 5 2.047 1.595 4.561 3,223 2.772 5,907 3.620 1,955 0,434 1.187 0.000 27,301 6 4,363 3,400 9,720 6,870 5.907 12.589 7.715 4,166 0,995 2,530 0,000 58.184 7 2,674 2,083 5,957 49210 3,620 7,715 4.728 29553 0,567 1,551 0,000 35,658 8 1.,4 44 1,1 25 3,217 2.92 73 1,0955 4,.1 66 .2' 55,3 1.378 0, 306 0, 83 7 0,000 19,254 9 0,320 0,250 0,714 0,505 0,434 0.925 0,56? _ .0.306 -0*,068 -0.186 -0.000. 4o0274 to 0,87? 0,683 1.954 1.381 1,181 29530 1.551 0,837 0,186 0,509 0.000 11.694 11 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 COLSUM 20,166 15,713 44,926l - 31,752 27,301 58.184 35.658 19.254 4,270 11.694 0,000 268,921 IN YLAR I onLLAR FLnWS OF THIS COMMODITY (IPtURT OF AGRICULT.E PRY DC1 9 DESTINATION I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ROWSUM ORIGIN I 0o000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 o.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 2 0.0o 0 0.000 00,0o 0.000 0.0o0 0.000 o,ooo o.o0o0 o.ono - -o.000 0,o000 0,000 3 0.0o o o0.0o 0.00o 0 0,00 o0o0o o0000 0,000 0.000 0o000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0,000 o0.000 0.uoo o.o0o 0.000 0.000 0.000 0o000 0.00o 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,000 6 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 I 0,000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 9 0,000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,000 9 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 10 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 o,ooo 11 9,352 6.868 17.642 12.308 10.291 23.226 16.226 7.042 1.572 4,922 0.000 109,456 COLSUM 9,352 6,868 17.642 12.308 10.297 23,226 16,226 1,042 1.572 4.922 0,000 109.456 IN YEAR I FLOWS OF THIS COMMODITY (IMPORTS OF FOODSTUFF) DESTINATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ROWSUM URIGIN 1 0,000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 2 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0000 0,000 3 0,000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0.000 4 0.000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 5 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0,000 09000 0,000 0.000 0.000 6 0o000 0,000 0o000 0,000 0,000 0o0oo 0,000 0,000 o0ooo 0.000 0,000 0,000 1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,000 8 0.000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 9 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.0oo 0,000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0,000 10 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0,000 11 6,209 4,824 12,913 8,810 8.1,1 15.199 10.850 5.508 1.177 3.313 0.000 76,935 COLSUM 6.209 4.824 17.911 8.810 8.131 15.199 10.850 5.508 .ltt1 3.313 0,000 76,935 IN YEAR I rLnws OF THIS COMMODITY (I1PORTS OF NON-FOOD CONSUMERS' GOODS) DESTINATION I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ROWSUM URIGIN I 0.000 0.00o 0o,0no 0,000 0.000 0000 0.000 0,000 °0000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 00000 0.000 0,000 0,000 3 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0.000 4 0,000 0,000 o,ono 0,000 0.000 0.000 0,0o0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0,000 s o0.00 0.000 o,o0o 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,o00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0,000 6 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 6 0.000 o,u0o 0.000 o.ooo o,ooo o,ooo o,ooo o,ooo o,ooo o,ooo o,ooo o,ooo I 0.000 0.000 o.ono 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0.000 8 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0,000 9 0.000 0.0o o,no 00,000 0,000 0.000 0,00o0 0,000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 10 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 11 14.640 10.621 34.7f5 19.053 t6.855 36.166 25,662 10,812 2.197 7.131 0,000 177.962 COLSUM 14,640 10.621 34.769 19.053 16,855 36.166 25,662 10,872 2.197 7.131 0.000 177,962 IN YEAR t FLOWs OF THTS C04MOTTY (IMPOF1tS OF INDUSTRIAL GOODS) P. 10 DESTINATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 r 8 9 o lt ROtiSUm ORIGIN 1. 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2 0.000- 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 _ 0.000 0.000 3 0.000 0.000 0.0- no 0,000 0. 000 0.000 o o .ooo 0 .000 0o.00 o,000 00 D 4 0,0o0 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 - 0.000 QO 0,000 00 5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 0,000 6 000 0o00 o,0o0 0,000 0,o ,000 0,000 o,0oo 0,0 0.00 o,o o,o00 o.oo0 0,000 I ~~0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0O.000 8 ~~~~0.000 0,Q00 09 Aq00 Q_ 9,0g. o,000,OO...6 0,000 __0Aqqo9-_00 0.000 0. 0,000 9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,000. 0.000 0.000 0,000 0.000 to 0.000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,000 0.000 0,000 0,000 11 97.528 74.s78 204.570 205.953 12,526 312,946 163.651 49.476 12.272 34,676 0.0o 0 1228.47S COLSUM 97,528 74.8r 204,570 205,953 72.526 312,946 163.651 &9.476 12.27? 34.676 0o000 1228.475 IN YEAR I iNCREWENTAL LA9OR C1ST (RATE) 0 OVERCAPAC11Y PROOUCTION (pesos.-- _ - per unit Hf -&fercaa-fy- ----- Eq. 3.23 lMAaoG(I,H)) production) REGION I 2 3 4 5 6 r 8 9 10 I NDUSTRY I 0.698 0.666 0.806 o0T.s 0o709s 0o,97 0.744 0.751 or0.70- o.?i6 - *- 2 034 ?Q2r-2. 0,dA0-9 _ -gem,-i Q034 0_ Q425 _ Q osQ34 ----0-340 - 0.340 3 0.278 0.346 0,366 0.278 0,336 0,389 0,364 0.37`5 0,366 0.340 4 0.300 0,250 0538 0-,354 0,538 0,550 0.575 0,415 0,46-r 0.538 5 0,202 0.194 0.172 0.189 0.189 0,206 0o156 0.176 0.173- 0.195 6 0,03Q 0.940 0602? Q*044 0,044 0,031 0.041 0.040 0,0-35-- 0 _- -- 7 0.111 0o0,5 0.106 0.100 0,089 0,060 0.050 0.089 0,089 0.089 a 0.372 0.30-6 __ Q93 _GQ39- 0,A29_ -_.38i _ S ,0 Q06_- - ,3_ 0L62i_ . -- 9 O,313 0.313 0,490 0.313 0,490 0.313 0.480 0.414 0,392 0.375 IN YEAR I TOTAL PRODUCtION COSTS EXCLUDING TRANSPORT (billions of pesos) Eq. 3.25 RPCST(I,K) REGION 1 2 3 4 5 6 r 8 9 io0 . OoiSUM - INDUSTRY - - 1 195.264 142.098 245.105 340.13?T 959608- 22.,49? 146.82? 176.100 04,113 182*.21 1795.026 2 2,572 15.1s 9 40.453 103.631 1,584 23.576 5,736 2,371 0,398 17r? 197.816 3 33.251 o0ooo 462,602 148.380 879,305 228,866 387,420 559,94r 19.985 912955 2611.056 4 86,487 109,958 153.136 124.958 75.373 119,308 108.463 83,367 47,165 99,296 100Q.510 5 238.579 97.081 29&,17r 24r.308 178.120 736.684 445.101 104,732 16.9?1 104,606 2467.359 6 112,107 69o4) I 54.185 - I 28,485 1QA.29 1 .216.321.. 201.47r 66.05sr 10.416- _ fHlA64SL.390- s97.668 53,757 134.874 164.165 23.184 249.26? 115.341 6.866 0.000 2,s74 84r,647 a 56,452 56.063 2129332 132.375 98,745 480.447 199.731 56,063 16,035 21,079 1336.321 2 161.401 96.005 Tjib.23g 167.&0' - 'Alf.630.212 604,650 AQ3~ __ IN YEAR 1 1 A FT01 4-TAX-REVENUTS- BY-REGI-nN or OutPlli (billions of pesos) - * tE. 3.24 REVWU(I,N) REGION 1 2 3 .4 5 6 7 8 9 t 0 ROWSUM INOUSTRY I 247,181 187.563 272,746 392.15s 1s9t3s0 255.740 174.733 20.808 55, h4'l1t tA L3IQ8 -0 - 2 5.332 37.661 71,705 228.797 3.277 - 41,705 11,877 4,901 0,823 3.694 409.773 3 44.382 0.000 552.487 197.542 1086.252 265,238 463.076 659.55? 23.760 112.360 3404.653 4 193,328 276.935 272.941 249.063 109.731 1ro7691 149.763 248.050 76.636 144.561 1741.719 S 225,649 113.215 356,915 290,106 208.944- 847.224 542.554 124.765 20.290 121.848 2901.511 6 168.742 102.156 685.176 188.453 152.996 414.518 297,094 9.5,589 15516 95.354 2217.585 t 146.494 85.233 203,755 250,366 35,961 404.852 190,426 10.650 0,000 3 993, 1331.730 8 66.734 65.192 2S2,983 155.199 1tO,197 558,685 232,799 65.192 16,846- 26.357 1551.986 9. 36i.109 207.238 IOQO.249 361.124 579,550 1359,54t 936,366 244,372 69.076 106.242 5314,955 10 124.733 80.083 273,565 204.739 154,302 280.105 t 206.924 9?.920 20,860 67.436 1510.667 tOLSUM 1633.r67 It55,277 3981.471 2517.547 2560.558 4596,365 3205,632 1661.704 31.02'6 899;259 22515,686 IN YLAR I COST OF REPLACING DEPRECIATED CAPITAL STOCK (billions of pesos) p. : Eq. 3.26 DEPCST(I,M) REGION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 to ROWSUM INDUSTRY 1 9,164 6,952 10.112 14.536 4,474 9,480 6.478 F,74? 29054 8.058 79,000 2 0.589 4.168 t.928 25.281 0,363 4,620 1,314 0.544 0.091 0,407 45.307 3 1,274 0.000 15,878 5.685 31,266 7,645 13,330 19.015 0,686 3,234 98.013 4 14,785 21,179 trlo7 o s1,o48 8.39? 13,054. 11.455 11,322 5s86t1 11055 133,200 s 5,634 2.313 7,294 5.93o 4.270 17.316 11.090 2.550 0.415 2,491 59.303 6 10,856 6,570 44.136 12.141 9,896 26.710 19,140 6.285 l.ooo 6.142 142,835 7 5.761 3,352 .012 9.845 1.414 15,920 7,488 0,419 0.000 0.,1s 52.368 8 1,301 1.271 4,933 3.027 2,149 10,895 4,540 1.271 0.363 0,514 30,265 9 29.509 16,924 R8,960 29,509 47.301 111,093 76,377 19,962 5,641 8,679 433,955 10 6.718 4.890 14,346 11.579 r,995 16,558 11,025 5,473 1t350 3,o08 83 043 COLSUM 85,591 67,620 218.651 136,580 117,429 233,292 162.?36 74,583 17,461 44,646 1158,089 IN YEAR I PROFITS (billions of pesos) Eq. 3.27 PRFIT(I,M) REIION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ROWSU1 t 41,886 37,833 16,377 35.297 18,821 17.694 20,798 23.995 - 8.896 26eO42'24ie609 2 2.015 16.564 20,317 86,612 1,194 11,733 4,42.4 1,744 0,291 1.318 146,211 3 - 5,09 - 0,000 62,551 37i056- 164,019 23,045 528t18 75.429 2, 770 13,352 436,-132 4 ~~~~909zo1 14 3-*~2es- sQ7s t 71 12,663, 25t,96Z 341944 28,7-15 52tQ59 -2?1,QCZ 32,82"? -585,395- 5 16,889 9,735 24,751 20,888 14,7O0 45,497 55,224 11.150 1o812 8,032 208,679 6 41,173 23,541 165,577 38.886 33.832 98.866 68,175 21,448 3,436 20,169 515,101 7 40,o86 26,183 95,221 65,066 10,287 128.962 62,904 2,987 0.000 1,109 392,80 a 7,078 5,866 19,116 11,383 5,108 46,873 20,951 4,9SI 1t31 3,531 126,173 9 158,342 90,529 265,495 153,306 139,625 5920958 240,484 -r8,085 23,695 38,104 1780,622 ¶0 56,233 35,295 124,120 88.530 7O,126 - 122,593 93,146 43.237 9 ,097 2.9,523 .671,99 COLSUM 458,993 388,835 804,326 639,686 482,774 1125,165 647,638 315,054 74,174 1739983 5110.627 IN YEAR I RLTAINED EARNINGS FOR THIS YEAR (billions of pesos) Eq. 3.2fl HFTAIN(I,M) REGION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1o _ RONSIJM INDUSTRY 1 2.301 2,078 0,9no 1,939 1,034 0,972 1,142 1.316 0,489 10431 13,602 2 0O111 0,910 1,116 4,758 0,066 09645 0,243 0.096 0.016 0,072 8,032 3 0,280 0,000 3,436 2,036 9.010 1,266 2,901 4.143 ot152 0,733 23,957 4 4.955 7,871 2,790 5,639 1,377 2,029 1,577 2.860 1,256 1.802 32,1T5 5 0.928 0,535 1,360 1,141 0,808 2,499 3,034 0,612 0.100 0,441 11,463 6 2,262 1,293 9,095 2,136 1,858 5,431 3,745 1.178 0,189 1.108 28,295 ( 2.202 1,438 3.033 3,574 0o565 7,084 3,455 0,164 0,000 0.061 21,578 8 0,389 0,322 1.050 0.625 0,281 2,575 1,151 0,272 0,072 0,194 6.931 9 8,698 4.973 14,584 8.421 1,670 32.572 13,210 4,289 1.302 2,093 97,813 to 3,0R9 1,939 6,8t8 4.863 3,852 6,734 5,117 2.375 0,500 1,622 36,909 COLSUM 25,213 21,359 44,183 35,139 26.520 61.807 39,576 17,306 4,074 9.557 280.736 IN YLAR I PRE-TAX INCUME OF DISTRIRUTED EARNINGS RECEIVERS (billions of pesos) p.2 Eq. 3.29 YDIST(M) REGION I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 to ROWSUHM 409,499 346,906 717,594 b70708 430.716 1003.837 S57.802 281.081 66,175 155.222 4559,539 IN YEAR I AFTER TAX INCOME OF DISTRIBUTED EARNINGS RECEIVERS (billions of pesos) Eq. 3.30 Y(M) RLGION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ROWSUM 395.167 334,764 692.478 550.733 415*641 968.702 557,579 271.243 63,859 149.789 4399,955 IN YEAR I INCOME OF WAGF EARNERS AFTER TAXES BEFORE TRANSFERS (billions of pesos) Eq. 3.30 Y(M) REGION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ROWSUM 476,167 335.819 1358,956 795og89 91U.873 1315.033 1075.998 625,130 124.299 360.118 7377.431 IN YEAR I DISPOSARLE INCOE OF WAGE EARNERS. INCLUDES TRANSFERS (billions of pesos) Eq. 3.30 Y(M) REGION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 tO ROwSUM 486,837 343,939 1382.096 811.149 926.223 1342.713 1095.178 636,090 126.659 366.518 7517.401 IN YEAR I INDEX PRICES (INCLUDING EXPORTS) RELATIVE TO VALUES IN YEAR I Eq. 3.31 and Eq. 3.32 P(I,M) REGION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 It COMMUDITY 1 1,000 1000 1,0000 10000 1.000 1.000 1.0 00 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 2 1,000 Q ,Q QQQ I,OOQ 1,000 10oQO 1._oOO__ Aa9 . Q..00QPQ. 0 1,Q90_ I IQQQ 3 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 4 1,000 1.000 1,000 .s000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1.000 1,000 5 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1,000 6 l,OQO 1,000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1,000 I1ooo 1t000 1,000 1,000 1,000 I 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1 00ooo 1.000 1.000 1,000 1000 1,000 8 I,000 1000 1000 1a000 1a000 l O 1000 1 -000. 1000 00 0 _1O 100.0 .IO00. 9 t.000 1,000 l0ono 1.000 1.000 t.ooo 1000 1o000. 1.00 1 1,000 1.s 000 to 1oo0o 1000 1.0.00 1000 1.000 1.000 10000 1.000 l.ooo 1.000 1.000 IN YEAR I INDEX PRICES OF IMPORTS RELATIVE TO VALUES IN YEAR 1 Eq. 3.32 PIMP I,M) REGION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 COMMUDITY 1 1,000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1.000 1.000 2 1.000 1.000 1.QOQo! 000 11.00000 1.000 i,000 :ioOO 3 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1.000 1.000 1,000 1,000 1,000 4 1.000 1.000 1oI .000 10.00 I a' ooo I 0 ~f., 6oo Ti0. oo o 1,0 . odoo i.,00 p. 13 LABOR COST (per unit of output)AFTER COST-OF-LIVING ADJUSTMENTS (billions of pesos) Eq. 3.33 WAGER (I,M) REGION 1 2 3 4 s 6 r 8 9 10 INDUSTRY 1 0,754 0.r19 0,870 0,83r o0.66 0,861 0,808 0,811 0.761 0,806 2 o.351 0,281 0.438 0,320 0.351 0,438 0,351 0.351 0,351 0.351 3 0,298 0,374 0.392 0.2i8 0,361 0,417 0,390 0,402 0.392 0.364 4 0,324 0,270 0,581 0.382 0,581 0.594 0,621 0,448 0,504 0.581 1 a0,217 0,208 0,185 0,203 0,203 0,221 0,168 0,189 0,I86 0,210 6 0.032 0.043 0.030 0,048 0,048 0.033 0,044 0.043 0M038 0.048 t 0,120 0.081 0,114 0.108 0,096 0.065 0.054 0,096 0,096 00096 d 0.401 09416 0,423 0,408 0,455 0.416 0,414 0,416 0,416 0.351 9 0,338 0,338 0,529 0,338 0,529 0,338 0,518 0.447 0 .42 3 0.405 IN YEAR I GROSS VALIJt OF EXPORTS (billions of pesos) Eq. 3.38 VALE)? INDUSTRY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 to ROWSUM 76.920 189,V70 1563*860 1,270 09930 7,113 10.118 0.000 12,810 0.000 1922.991 IN YEAR I GROSS VALUE OF IMPORTS (billions of pesos) Fq. 3.4 VALTXP IMPURT 1 2 3 4 ROWSUM 109.456 76,935 177,962 1228,475 1592.828