TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE ON SUMMARY REPORT This Technical Knowledge Exchange (TKX ) was organized by the World Bank Disaster Risk Management Hub, Tokyo, in collaboration with the World Bank’s Resilient Transport Community of Practice (CoP) in partnership with the government of Japan (Ministry of Finance(MoF); Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism(MLIT )). The TKX also benefited greatly from contributions by the following: the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery(GFDRR ), Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA ), Iwate Reconstruction Bureau, Hyogo Prefecture, Kyoto University, Nippon Expressway Company (NEXCO ), Japan Bosai Platform, and World Road Association (PIARC ). TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE (TKX) ON RESILIENT TRANSPORT Summary Report MAY 8 – 12  2017 CONCEPT: The Technical Knowledge Exchange (TKX) Technical Knowledge Exchange (TKX) integrates workshops, site visits, peer-to- peer knowledge sharing, and action planning to support World Bank clients on specific topics. TKX both facilitates knowledge sharing and provides ongoing support to connect clients with technical experts and best practices in close collaboration with the World Bank’s Communities of Practice (CoPs). The TKXs have four core elements: 1. Objective-focused structure: Demand-driven and problem- solving orientation, with possible technical assistance, including consultation and expert visits to client nations through the World Bank’s City Resilience Program and other programs. 2. Knowledge exchange to foster operations: Knowledge exchange, just-in-time assistance, and potential technical assistance for clients and World Bank task teams. 3. Structured learning: Delivery of structured learning for clients and partners such as e-learning courses and a package of selected knowledge exchange instruments before, during, and after the Technical Knowledge Exchange in Japan. 4. Application to knowledge networks: Contribution of relevant inputs to CoPs to support development of their knowledge assets (such as case studies and best-practice lessons) and to disseminate them to the broader community. This report was prepared by World Bank staff. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions: The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to the work is given. The material in this work is subject to copyright. © 2017 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / International Development Association or The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 5 CONTENTS 6 Acknowledgments 7 Table of Figures 8 Abbreviations 9 Executive Summary Participant Profile and Challenges Faced 10 Structure of the TKX 12 Key Takeaways 13 Background on the Resilient Transport CoP 14 Japan’s Experience in Transport DRM 15 16 Opening and Welcome 17 Session Summaries keynote 1 Disaster Risk Management of Roads in Japan 17 session 1 Introduction to Road Geohazard Risk Management 18 session 2 Understanding Risk and System Planning 21 keynote 2 Road Asset Management for Disaster Resilience 25 session 3 Road Asset Management and Mapping for Resilience 26 session 4 Innovative Materials and Structures for Vulnerability Reduction 28 session 5 Emergency Management Response and Contingency Planning 30 session 6 Transport Infrastructure as Protection against Hydromet Events 32 34 Site Visits Watarase Retarding Basin, Saitama Prefecture 34 NEXCO Traffic Control Center, Saitama City 37 39 Summary of Action Planning Discussions 45 Conclusion 47 ANNEX 1 Agenda of TKX 53 ANNEX 2 Expert Profiles Meet the Participants 59 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This summary report was produced by: deputy minister of transport, Ministry management specialist, Social, Urban, of Transport); Norma Castellanos Rural & Resilience Global Practice, World (environmental infrastructure adviser, Bank); Petar Krasic (Advisor Department MARC FORNI National Planning Department) for Road Transport, Roads and Road Lead Disaster Risk Management Safety, Ministry of Construction, Georgia: Robert Mutyaba (transport Specialist, Social, Urban, Rural and Transport and Infrastructure); Slobodan specialist, Transport & ICT Global Practice, Resilience Global Practice, World Bank Basuric (head, Belgrade Department for World Bank); Gia Sopadze (head, Roads J A M E S ( J AY ) N E W M A N Department, Ministry of Regional Road Maintenance and Preservation) Disaster Risk Management Development and Infrastructure) Sri Lanka: Amali Rajapaksa (senior Specialist, Global Facility for Disaster India: Ashok Kumar (senior highway infrastructure specialist, Transport Reduction and Recovery [GFDRR] engineer, Transport & ICT Global Practice, & ICT Global Practice, World Bank); World Bank); Rajesh Bhushan (joint Nimal Chandrasiri (additional director A KI KO T OYA general, construction design, Road secretary, Ministry of Rural Development); Junior Professional Officer, GFDRR Vinay Kumar (secretary, Rural Works Development Authority); Shyamalee Department, State Government of Karunasekera (deputy director, VIBHU JAIN planning, Highway Information and Bihar); Rajeev Nayan Prasad Singh Consultant, GFDRR (project director and superintending Development Management System, engineer, Bihar Rural Roads Project, Road Development Authority) S H A N I KA H E T T I G E State Government of Bihar) Tajikistan: Aidai Bayalieva (transport Disaster Risk Management Consultant, Kyrgyz Republic: Cordula Rastogi specialist, Transport & ICT Global Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience (senior transport economist, Trade Practice, World Bank); Olim Yatimov Global Practice, World Bank. & Competitiveness Global Practice, (head, foreign investments cooperation, World Bank); Zhamshitbek Kalilov Department of Ministry of Transport) The task team leaders and clients in (minister, Ministry of Transport Vietnam: Phuong Thi Minh Tran (senior attendance for each country are listed and Roads); Ruslanbek Satybaldiev transport specialist, Transport & ICT below: (program coordinator, Ministry Global Practice, World Bank); To Nam Afghanistan: Luquan Tian (senior of Transport and Roads) Toan (director, science technology, transport specialist, Transport & environment and international Lao PDR: Sombath Southivong (senior ICT Global Practice, World Bank); cooperation, Department of infrastructure specialist, Transport & ICT Hamidi Sayed Abdul Manan (senior Directorate for Roads); Tran Anh Duong Global Practice, World Bank); Lamphoun contract engineer, NRAP, MPW); (director general, Department of Khounphakdy (deputy director, Road Noori Mohammad Salam (senior road Environment, Ministry of Transport) Maintenance Division, Ministry of Public design engineer, THRCP, MPW) Works and Trade); Litta Khattiya (deputy Argentina: Veronica Raffo (senior director general, Department of Roads, The report greatly benefited from the infrastructure specialist, Transport Ministry of Public Works and Trade) information and support provided by: & ICT Global Practice, World Bank); Mozambique: Francisco Manual Jose The government of Japan Andres Gartner (chief advisor, Ministry Danca (senior highway engineer, of Transport); Emma Albrieu (general Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Land, Road Fund); Emilia Tembe Boene manager, Vialidad Nacional) Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (environmental specialist, National Brazil: Satoshi Ogita (senior transport Road Administration); Francisco Álvaro Japan International Cooperation Agency specialist, Transport & ICT Global Practice, (technician, international relations, (JICA) World Bank); Livia Maria Tiemi Fujii Road Fund); Jorge Tomás Muonima (civil (coordinator, road transport programs, engineer, National Road Administration) Hyogo Prefecture, Japan Ministry of Transport, Ports, and Civil Myanmar: Henrike Brecht (senior Kyoto University, Japan Aviation); Fabio Pessoa da Silva Nunes infrastructure specialist, Social, Urban, (general coordinator, maintenance and New Zealand Climate Adaptation Rural & Resilience Global Practice, road restoration, National Department Platform World Bank); Tin Moe Myint (director, of Transport Infrastructure) Road & Bridge Division, Department of University of Auckland Cambodia: Chanin Manopiniwes Rural Development); Kyaw Myo Htut (infrastructure specialist, Transport & ICT (director, Department of Highway) We thank the participating officials Global Practice, World Bank); Pom Chreay and project task teams for their Philippines: Victor Dato (senior (director, Department of Rural Health presentations, active involvement, and infrastructure specialist, Transport & Care, Ministry of Rural Development); knowledge sharing. ICT Global Practice, World Bank); Maria Phirith Kang (deputy director, Equipment Teresa H. Concepcion (local government and Road Construction Department, operations officer V, Department of Ministry of Public Works and Transport) the Interior); Paul Irineo P. Montano Colombia: Mauricio Cuéllar (senior (local government operations officer transport specialist, Transport & ICT V, Department of the Interior) Global Practice, World Bank); Magda Serbia: Darko Milutin (disaster risk Constanza Buitrago Ríos (adviser to the 7 TABLE OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 TKX Client Countries and Supported Projects 11 FIGURE 2 A Profile of the Risks Participating Countries Identified 11 FIGURE 3 Key Themes of the TKX 12 FIGURE 4 Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure: Life-Cycle Approach 13 FIGURE 5 Japan’s Institutional Framework for Disaster Management System. 17 FIGURE 6 Holistic Approach for Geohazard Management 19 FIGURE 7 Proposed Risk Management Process 21 FIGURE 8 Proposed Decision Making Process 22 FIGURE 9 Suggested New Approach to Consequence 23 FIGURE 1 0A The Kyoto Model of Road Asset Management vs. Previous Models 24 FIGURE 1 0B The Kyoto Model of Road Asset Management vs. Previous Models 25 FIGURE 1 1 Hyogo Prefecture’s Infrastructure Data Management Systems 26 FIGURE 1 2 Modeling the Economics of Resilient Infrastructure Tool (MERIT) 27 FIGURE 1 3 Landslide Countermeasures 28 FIGURE 1 4 Surface and Pavement Waterproofness 29 FIGURE 1 5 DiMAPS showing the damage of 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake 30 FIGURE 1 6 NEXCO ’s Eight-directions Strategy. 31 FIGURE 1 7 Permeable Pavement Technology 32 FIGURE 1 8 Primary Ministries and Agencies of Japan for DRM 33 FIGURE 1 9 A Levee Road (Prefectural Road Nº 9) 34 FIGURE 20 Knowledge Sharing Offered to Other Countries 44 8 ABBREVIATIONS DRM Disaster Risk Management GRM Geohazard Risk Management (Handbook) IT Information Technology JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LMICs low- and middle-income countries NGO nongovernmental organization TEC-FORCE Technical Emergency Control Force (Japan) TKX Technical Knowledge Exchange 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Technical Knowledge Exchange on Resilient Transport T RANS P O RTAT IO N infrastructure 16 countries to share concepts and practices on represents a significant public and resilient transport, including systems planning, private investment that is fundamental engineering and design, asset management, to the functioning and development of and contingency programming. The exchange economies and societies. As such, transport drew upon Japanese and international experts investments have been integral to the World to showcase innovative approaches and Bank’s partnerships with client countries. Since practical advice for facing the challenges when 2002, more than 260,000 kilometers of road addressing risk management planning for the were constructed or rehabilitated through transport sector. Country representatives and World Bank-supported projects. However, World Bank teams learned from one another these investments are increasingly exposed and from Japan’s challenges and successes to disaster and climate hazards, including with large-scale disasters. One key lesson was landslides, flooding, and earthquakes. To that continuously reviewing and enhancing manage and reduce the risks these hazards domestic practices and regulations will may pose, low- and middle-income countries ultimately increase the resilience of transport are seeking new approaches to plan, design, networks. construct, operate, and maintain their transportation systems. The Resilient Transport TKX also served as a platform for the launch of the new Road On May 8–12, 2017, the World Bank Disaster Geohazard Risk Management Handbook Risk Management (DRM ) Hub in Tokyo and developed under the Hub’s Knowledge the Resilient Transport Community of Practice Program. The tool was presented alongside (CoP) hosted a week-long Technical Knowledge case studies of its application across federal, Exchange (TKX ) in Tokyo that convened clients state, and municipal levels in Brazil and Serbia. and World Bank task team leaders (TTL s) from The Handbook itself urges a shift away from traditional and reactive approaches towards a multidimensional geohazard risk management approach that incorporates people, the environment, hydrology, and geology as well as transportation infrastructure so that such proactive methodology can result in 60–70 percent life-cycle cost savings. Going forward, the Resilient Transport CoP will continue to connect current and future World Bank transport investments with the information, tools, and technical expertise that exist in Japan and in many countries in the area of resilient transport. SUMMARY 10 E XE CU T IVE SUMMARY Participant Profile and Challenges Faced T H E TKX brought together World individuals working in the infrastructure and Bank staff working in five regions; public works and disaster risk management experts from Japan and New Zealand; (DRM ) fields. Country representatives shared and client delegations from Afghanistan, their unique challenges, practices, and lessons Argentina, Brazil, Cambodia, Colombia, learned with over 70 people who participated Georgia, India, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Lao in the exchange. Each country presented a People’s Democratic Republic, Mozambique, lightning talk on the disaster risks affecting Myanmar, the Philippines, Serbia, Sri Lanka, their own transport sectors FIGURE 2 and Tajikistan, and Vietnam. FIGURE 1 60 percent the methods they employ to make them more of the attendees represented the transport resilient. This ultimately informed each country sector, while the other 40 percent comprised as they developed action plans. 11 F I G U RE 1 • AF: Afghanistan Rural Access Project (P125961) a f g ha ni s tan TKX Client • Trans-Hindukush Road Connectivty Project (P145347) Countries and a rg enti n a • Northwestern Road Corridor (P163115) Supported Projects Source: Tokyo DRM Hub b raz i l • São Paulo Sustainable Transport Project (P127723) c amb odi a • KH - Road Asset Management Project II (P150572) c ol omb i a • CO Support Nat’l Urban Transit Program (P117947) g eorg i a • GE: Climate Resilience of Road Network (P161222) • IN: PMGSY Rural Roads Project (P124639) i ndi a • BRRP (P155522) ky rg y z re publi c • Central Asia Regional Links - Phase 3 (P159220) • Lao Road Sector Project 2 (P158504) l ao p dr • Lao PDR Southeast Asia DRM Project (P160930) • MZ-APL2 Roads & Bridges (P083325) moz a mb i q ue • Feeder Road Project (P158231) mya nmar • Flood and Landslide Emergency Recovery C (P158194) p hi l i p p i n e s • Technical assistance on Local Roads Management (P162622) • Corridor X Highway AF (P158413) serb i a • Implementing Open Data Plan for Serbia (P162777) sou th as i a • Nepal-India Reg Trade & Transport Prj (P144335) sri l anka • Transport Sector Project (P132833) ta j i ki sta n • RSIP (P159707) • Vietnam Road Asset Management Project (P123961) vi etna m • Local Road Asset Management Program (P155086) • Together, these projects represent more than US$5 billion in government-led investment, supported by the World Bank. landslide ri ver cyclone earthquake coastal slop e flood typhoon flood geoh azar d hurricane Afghanistan Afghanistan Cambodia Afghanistan Colombia Argentina Argentina India Kyrgyz Republic Myanmar Brazil Brazil Lao PDR Tajikistan Vietnam Colombia Cambodia Mozambique Georgia Colombia Myanmar India Georgia Philippines Kyrgyz Republic Kyrgyz Republic Sri Lanka FI GURE 2 Lao PDR Lao PDR A Profile of Philippines Mozambique the Risks Serbia Myanmar Participating Sri Lanka Philippines Countries Identified Tajikistan Serbia Source: Tokyo Vietnam Tajikistan DRM Hub Vietnam 12 E XE CU T IVE SUMMARY Structure of the TKX T H E W E E K - LO NG innovative learning exchange is structured around key practical themes: FIGURE 3 1. Understanding disaster (that is, geohazard) risks faced by the transport sector and system planning-based approaches to manage these risks 2. Showcasing Japan and global good practices on asset management technologies and institutional and financial mechanisms 3. Exploring innovative materials and structures to reduce vulnerability 4. Learning from Japan’s emergency management response and contingency The TKX included six main sessions (including 14 planning efforts lectures) on the principles of resilient transport, about which the experts from Japan offered 5. Examining how transport infrastructure relevant experience; two keynote addresses; can be used as protection against two field visits; and two workshops. hydrometeorological events Road Understanding Road asset Innovative Emergency Transport Geohazard risk and management materials and management infrastructure as Risk system for resilience structures for response and protection Management planning vulnerability contingency against reduction planning hydromet events Road Understanding Road asset Innovative Emergency Transport Geohazard risk and management materials and management infrastructure as F IGURE 3 Key Themes of Risk system for resilience structures for response and protection the TKX Management planning vulnerability contingency against Source: Resilient reduction planning hydromet events Transport CoP 13 Key Takeaways •• Investments in accurate data collection, can be integrated in the different phases of archiving, analyzing, and sharing systems are infrastructure life-span: crucial. A comprehensive system should be • Systems planning: Shifting deployment developed that focuses on the entire value of long-lived infrastructure away from chain, from data collection and analysis to disaster-prone areas to avoid development efficient service delivery. Long-term planning, lock-in; consideration of integration and institutional aspects, and data systems are key redundancy on critical infrastructure to offer for sustainability of investments. alternatives. •• Capacity building of the stakeholders, through training and site visits, promotes • Engineering and design: Using transport well-coordinated, long-lasting, and effective infrastructure both for connectivity and resilient transport planning. Participants for DRM purposes, particularly from were specifically interested in developing hydrometeorological-related hazards; asset management tools; implementing use of innovative materials and design comprehensive geohazard management specifications that enhance robustness and systems; and sharing technical guidance notes, flexibility of infrastructure. case studies, and terms of reference. • Asset management: Inventory and mapping •• Incorporating climate and DRM in the transport of transport infrastructure using open and sector life cycle is essential, and effective interoperable technologies and improving resilient transport management systems institutional and financial arrangements are built on legal and regulatory frameworks for infrastructure maintenance; integration that define clear responsibilities and roles of of climate and disaster risk considerations different stakeholders, such as governments, in the prioritization of investments in municipalities, media, and the private sector. new infrastructure, rehabilitation, and •• Upstream planning of transport systems restoration. can reduce the hazard exposure of the infrastructure that results in greater disaster • Contingency programming: Developing risk. To utilize the life-cycle approach policy and institutional frameworks, effectively, institutional and regulatory communication protocols, and investments challenges, which are cross-cutting in in emergency preparedness and response; nature, need to be mitigated. The life-cycle alignment of transport systems and flows approach FIGURE 4 was applied to highlight with local and regional evacuation, response, how climate and disaster risk management and recovery needs. INSTITUTI O NAL AND R EG ULATO R Y CAPACIT Y B UI LD I NG Disaster Resilient infrastructure life cycle approach FIGURE 4 Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure: Life-Cycle SYSTEMS ENG I NEER I NG AS S ET CO NT I NG ENCY Approach PLAN NIN G AND D ES I G N MANAG EMENT P R O G R AMMI NG Source: Resilient Transport CoP S E C TO R L E V E L PROJECT LEVEL PROJECT LEVEL PROJECT LEVEL 14 E XE CU T IVE SUMMARY Background on the Resilient Transport CoP T R A N S P O R T damages and losses often when failures do occur, they can be addressed make up a significant proportion of in a way that limits negative impacts. the economic impacts of disasters, frequently surpassing destruction to housing With a growing transport and DRM agenda and agriculture in value terms. Damage across the WB , the Resilient Transport CoP is sustained not only by road surfaces or brings together members of the Climate Change structures, but also by bridges, culverts, and Cross-Cutting Solutions Area (CCSA ), GFDRR , other drainage works, while losses occur when Social Urban Rural & Resilience Global Practice breaks in transport links lead to reduced (GPSURR ), and Transport and ICT GP (T&I GP ), economic activity. Transport systems that are with the objective of creating a knowledge- built well the first time—upholding structural sharing environment for DRM and transport and schematic standards and planning for sector specialists. This COP has principally safe failure—and that are well maintained are developed since September 2016, with the aim less likely to collapse when under pressure. at establishing professional sharing practices With networks incurring damage less often, among multidisciplinary staff that provides costs of rebuilding the same structures are Task Teams with a suite of cross regional best reduced, and time and funding are made practices and grant funding for technical available for investment in more capable, assistance. By tackling DRM and transport in adapted systems. If disaster strikes, a tandem—integrating the priorities and needs still-functioning transport system can also of both sectors—robust resilient transport enhance the protection and revitalization systems can be established to reduce the risk of of other sectors. Finally, planning and lost returns on investments and make strides programming for contingencies ensures that toward long-term poverty reduction. 15 Japan’s Experience in Transport DRM T HE government of Japan has a wealth of Specifically, the Ministry of Land, knowledge and experience in identifying Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT ) and managing hazards that may adversely provided the overall institutional DRM affect transport. In Japan, the challenges and framework for roads in Japan and introduced lessons learned from large-scale disasters have the Technical Emergency Control Force (TEC - been the driving force for continuously reviewing FORCE ) mechanism whereby the national and enhancing the regulations, institutional government coordinates across regions frameworks, financing, staff capacity, and to quickly deploy technical capacity for technology to advance resilience in transport. post-disaster recovery. In addition, Nippon The TKX tapped into this experience by inviting Expressway Company Limited (NEXCO ) speakers from Japan’s public sector, private presented an advanced and unique model for sector, academia, and civil society to share their how private highway companies can manage lessons learned in relation to each of the life- and operate resilient roads, as well as the cycle phases. technology and capacities put in place to respond to disasters. 16 OPENING AND WELCOME M •• Raise awareness of the importance of ARIA Cordeiro and Marc Forni climate and natural-disaster-resilient from the World Bank welcomed the transport systems by exposing World Bank participants on behalf of the Bank’s clients and teams to resilient transport Resilient Transport Community of Practice. concepts and best practices The interest received for this event and the coming together of global practice units and •• Foster learning, knowledge sharing, and client countries from around the world was a collaboration among client countries on the testament to the importance of and need to topic of resilient transport enhance the resilience of transport systems to •• Start documenting best practices being the impacts of natural disasters and climate deployed by client countries, with the change. support of the World Bank, to facilitate replication and scaling-up of solutions Incorporating climate and disaster risk management into infrastructure investments •• Improve understanding of challenges faced is an important part of meeting the World by client countries to inform World Bank Bank Group’s commitments to address climate products and services in order to best serve change. Given this context, the Technical and support client countries. Knowledge Exchange (TKX ) set the following key objectives: 17 SESSION SUMMARIES KEY N O TE 1: Disaster Risk Management of Roads in Japan HITOSHI FUKUMOTO, senior deputy director, Road Bureau, Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism J APAN has developed its institutional and regulatory framework to define roles and responsibilities of governmental organizations for disaster risk management (DRM ) as one of the world’s most disaster- prone countries. FIGURE 5 Fukumoto provided preparedness, response, and recovery). His a comprehensive explanation of how Japan presentation emphasized the importance of has established a centralized DRM system by continuously improving the technical capacity having strong coordination and communication of those who engage in disaster response and at the national, prefectural, and municipal recovery work through practical trainings. For levels to ensure the consistency of DRM plans example, Japan’s Technical Emergency Control and its implementation approach. As a result, Force (TEC -FORCE ) is a group of trained experts Japan has been able to mobilize people and who provide immediate support when local resources effectively during any phase of municipalities cannot manage the situation in the disaster management cycle (mitigation, the event of disaster. disaster management system n at i onal l ev el Prime Minister Formulation and promoting Central Disaster Management Council implementation of the Basic Designated Government Organizations Disaster Management Plan Designated Public Corporations Formulation and promoting implementation of the p r e fec t ur al l ev el Disaster Management Governor Operation Plan Prefectural Disaster Management Council Designated Local Government Organizations Designated Local Public Corporations FIGURE 5 Formulation and promoting Japan’s implementation of the Local Institutional m u ni c i pal l ev el Disaster Management Plan Framework for Disaster Mayor of Cities, Towns and Villages Management System. Municipal Disaster Management Council Source: Adapted from Hitoshi Fukumoto’s r e s id ent s l ev el presentation. Households 18 SE SSIO N SU MMARI ES SE SSION 1: Introduction to Road Geohazard Risk Management YUKA MAKINO, senior natural resources management and disaster risk management specialist, World Bank T H E World Bank’s Road Geohazard Risk Management (GRM ) Handbook urges traditional reactive approaches to improving transport network resilience to move toward a multidimensional geohazard risk management approach FIGURE 6, which incorporates people, the environment, [It is] easy to get money when hydrology, and geology as well as disaster happens but difficult transportation infrastructure. This proactive to get funding for preventive methodology is threefold—working through actions. —Yuka Makino the steps of evaluating hazards, monitoring networks, and managing infrastructure Currently the GRM Handbook is being tested accordingly—and can result in 60–70 percent through technical assistance programs and life-cycle cost savings. the first release of the executive summary was distributed to Technical Knowledge Exchange Effective transport asset management must (TXK ) participants. The unabridged version include the following elements: (a) geohazard of the document contains sample terms of risk evaluation from a landscape perspective; reference, operations manuals, and guidance for (b) hazard monitoring, early warning cost-benefit analysis. systems, structural measures, and emergency preparedness and response planning; and (c) institutional coordination and management. 19 FIGURE 6 Holistic Approach for Geohazard Management Source: Road Geohazard Risk Management Handbook. F I G U RE 6 Holistic Approach for Geohazard Management Source: Road Geohazard Risk Management Handbook. 20 SE SSIO N SU MMARI ES Session 1: Introductionto Road Geohazard Risk Management FREDERICO FERREIRA PEDROSO, DRM specialist , World Bank A LT HOUGH Brazil faces significantly fewer natural hazards than many of the countries represented at the TKX , its transport infrastructure is extremely critical and highly vulnerable to disaster shocks. Approximately 25 percent of the Brazilian economy relies on the functioning of a pair of highways between the São Paulo metropolitan area and the Port of Santos, the busiest container port in the Latin American region. Therefore, any obstruction on that road can have a sizable team is working in Brazil across federal, state, impact on the entire country’s economy. and municipal levels and is currently focused Unfortunately, the country faces significant on addressing issues of poor communication institutional challenges in mobilizing disaster to promote better sharing of data across resilience. The GRM Handbook encourages government sectors. countries to establish standard operating procedures and recognize that DRM is not only the responsibility of federal or central governments, but also of state, local, and all other administrative bodies. The World Bank YOGANATH ADIKARI, DRM consultant, World Bank I N MAY 2 01 4, an unprecedented rainfall resulted in massive flash flooding and landslides in Serbia. The transport sector took an enormous hit as bridges failed, roads were eroded, and throughways were flooded by river water. The government realizes that it needs to streamline DRM but doesn’t know where to start. Therefore, the World Bank team is applying the GRM Handbook to address the government’s unanswered questions. This effort includes making the case for increasing capacity, upgrading maintenance plans, and filling the data gap to improve the country’s 5- and 10-year DRM implementation plans. 21 SESSI O N 2: Understanding Risk and System Planning Keiichi Tamura, chair, Technical Committee on Risk Management, World Road Association (PIARC) KEIICHI TAMURA, chair, Technical Committee on Risk Management, World Road Association (PIARC ) R IS K S are defined and evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. Based on the shared understanding of risks, Tamura suggested evaluating road geohazard risks more systematically by using a standardized risk index and rating. By using the example of risk assessment on the national highway (a 110-kilometer section) running through the Pacific coast area of Japan, Tamura emphasized the importance of quantifying road geohazard risks by using Identification of natural risk a risk index to identify treatment areas disasters (hazards) identification and specify risk mitigation methods. The proposed method of road DRM is to evaluate Damage judgment the risk of road facilities systematically of road facilities and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method through a case study. Evaluation of r i s k a n a ly s i s The process involves the identification direct damage and evaluation of natural disasters (hazards), damage assessment of road facilities, evaluation Evaluation of of direct and indirect damages, evaluation indirect damage of consequences, evaluation of risks, and examination of the disaster prevention Evaluation of measures. FIGURE 7 consequences Evaluation of Evaluation of risks hazard likelihood Examination of disaster prevention measures risk treatment F I G U RE 7 Proposed Risk Management Process Source: Adapted from Keiichi Tamura’s presentation. 22 SE SSIO N SU MMARI ES Session 2: Understanding Risk and System Planning JULIE ROZENBERG, economist, World Bank DECI SI ON MAKERS often have to make decisions that will have an impact for many years to come, without having access to full information or certainty. Rozenberg presented a road network model designed to help decision makers overcome this burden in two ways: •• Identify critical links in a transport network by using a new technology (available as a free phone app) called RoadLabPro to collect up-to-date data about the network and then systematically The tool urges decision makers to move from simulate disruptions to highlight the road a “predict, then act” system to one that disruptions that will lead to the highest allows for iteration—that is, moving increase in costs and time through phases of learning, acting, learning, revising, and then acting again based on new •• Prioritize robust interventions to improve information. FIGURE 8 This model was applied the resilience of the transport network to Mozambique and Peru, and findings from a given that risks and their consequences are series of scenario studies show that increasing uncertain maintenance always yields higher economic benefits, though they do not protect against Experience shows that relying the worst-case scenarios. The World Bank team too much on the past can be recommends that the best option is to build sometimes dangerous for future redundancy only in the routes that draw the plans. —Julie Rozenberg highest traffic and that it is always beneficial to invest in resilience. the traditional decision way of making making under decisions uncertainty Predict Act Learn Act Learn Revise FIGURE 8 Proposed Decision Making Process Source: Adapted from Julie Rozenberg’s presentation. 23 MONIQUE CORNISH, New Zealand Climate Adaptation Platform, University of Auckland, and Tonkin & Taylor RECENT RESEARCH commissioned by the New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA ) defines resilience as “the ability of systems (including infrastructure, government, business, and communities) to proactively resist, absorb, recover from, or adapt to disruption within a timeframe which is tolerable from a social, economic, cultural, and environmental perspective.” This definition is not restricted to natural hazards but takes a wide view of challenges to the system. to a variety of stresses and shocks; of focusing The tool developed for NZTA supports on social, cultural, and environmental as well as decision makers in the consideration of the economic value at stake; of allowing for a range consequences of unavailability of an asset in of stakeholder perspectives in decision making, the context of social, cultural, environment, and of prioritizing outcomes and systems rather and economic impacts, as well as community than assets. tolerance to outage and willingness to pay. FIGURE 9 Monique emphasized the importance It’s very important to place communities of taking a wide view of resilience as it relates and their tolerance of risk at the heart of our decision making. —Monique Cornish Environmental: Social: Cultural: Economic: Ecosystems and Encompasses social cohesion Value attributed to physical A measure of the current Environmental: Social: Cultural: Economic: their constituent and access to social net natural and built environment levels of consumer or Ecosystems and Encompasses social cohesion Value attributed to physical A measure of the current parts, including networks, as well as to landmarks, and may be tangible or producer surplus. Often their constituent and access to social net natural and built environment levels of consumer or people and services, including critical intangible. Cultural value extends presented in monetary terms parts, including networks, as well as to landmarks, and may be tangible or producer surplus. Often communities; and services; essential services; from what is valued today to sites – or in terms of monetary people and services, including critical intangible. Cultural value extends presented in monetary terms all natural and non-essential services and or artefacts which are part of (New proxies such as exchange communities; and services; essential services; from what is valued today to sites – or in terms of monetary physical resources. recreational facilities. Zealand’s) history. value or productivity. all natural and non-essential services and or artefacts which are part of (New proxies such as exchange physical resources. recreational facilities. Zealand’s) history. value or productivity. 5 environmental economic consequence 45 environmental social economic consequence FI GURE 9 34 cultural social Suggested New 23 cultural Approach to Consequence 12 Source: 1 Adapted from 0 2 4 m co 6 mao 8 10 Monique Minimum Maximum Cornish’s 0 2 4 mco 6 Acceptable mao 8 10 presentation Continuity days Minimum Objective Maximum Outage Continuity Acceptable days Objective Outage 24 SE SSIO N SU MMARI ES Keynote 2: Road Asset Management for Disaster Resilience KIYOSHI KOBAYASHI, professor, Graduate School of Management, Kyoto University I N F R A S T RU C T U RE is a driving force for development and is an invaluable asset in megacities, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC s). Kobayashi first defined the objective of road asset management as “to enhance the optimal allocation of the limited budget between Infrastructure is a driving force for the new arrangement of infrastructure development and is an invaluable and rehabilitation/maintenance of the asset in megacities. existing infrastructure to maximize the —Kiyoshi Kobayashi value of the stock of infrastructure and to realize the maximum outcomes for the citizens.” Considering the challenges of asset management in LMIC s—due to their poor quality of infrastructure, growing and diverse needs for infrastructure services, and vulnerabilities to disasters—Kobayashi reiterated the need for proper road inspections and asset data collection and management to prioritize road investment in a strategic manner. previous model Deterioration Ledger information (Data parameter) + Calibration Data (Road characteristic) = prediction model (Future prediction) FI G URE 10 A The Kyoto Model of Road Asset Management vs. Previous Models Source: Adapted from Kiyoshi Kobayashi’s presentation. 25 His presentation focused on the collaboration Finally, Kobayashi again emphasized the of Kyoto University with Vietnam to improve importance of maximizing the value of the road asset management system over the infrastructure for citizens by having optimal past 12 years. By conducting a training course allocation of resources between investment with Vietnamese universities and others for new construction and spending for the to enhance the skills of the civil engineers, maintenance costs of existing facilities Kyoto University and the Japan International through a step-by-step evolution of the asset Cooperation Agency (JICA ) helped Vietnam management system. build its technical capacity to apply the “Kyoto Model” invented by Kyoto University. The Kyoto Model is a performance-based road asset management system that supports the decision making of PMS (pavement management systems) based on an actual investigation inspection, repair data, and performance to reduce the life-cycle cost of road pavement at the project level or network levels. Unlike previous models—including the Highway Design and Maintenance Standards Model (HDM ) developed by the World Bank—the Kyoto Model requires minimal data and provides a standard platform corresponding to an international standard as well as a PMS that supports overall pavement asset management. FIGURES 10 A–B kyoto model Deterioration Investigation inspection data + Deterioration hazard model = Performance curve (past results) prediction model (Future prediction) Benchmarking Policy evaluation evaluation FIGURE 10 B The Kyoto Model of Road Asset Management vs. Previous Models Source: Adapted from Kiyoshi Kobayashi’s presentation. 26 SE SSIO N SU MMARI ES SE SSION 3: Road Asset Management and Mapping for Resilience TAKEAKI SHONO, civil engineer, Land Development Department, Land Planning Division, Hyogo Prefecture M O S T of Hyogo Prefecture’s infrastructure was built after the 1960s, and thus maintenance and renewal costs are expected to increase in coming years. To repair and renew aging infrastructure efficiently, maintenance plans based on a wide range of data and system, a photograph storage system, and a mobile information are necessary. Hyogo prefecture system. FIGURE 11 This infrastructure data platform is using infrastructure data management allows users to access data from anywhere (such as systems to maintain infrastructure efficiently. office and construction or inspection sites) remotely Hyogo Prefecture manages a comprehensive via internet. The photograph storage system, which infrastructure data platform by centralizing enables users to share geographical location and six key information systems: a facility ledger photographs of disasters, can enhance the quick system, an asset management system, a recovery of affected sites. geographic information management system, a requests-and-complaints management infrastructure facilities integrated management system 1 facility ledger system 3 geographic information system Bridges Tunnels Locations of the facilities Drainage pump stations Facility ledger Maintenance information Water gates, weirs Inspection ledger Harbor facilities Accident points Sewage treatment facilities Other facilities 2 asset management system 6 mobile system Request and complaints simple Bridges registration / browsing Harbor facilities Photograph registration 4 request / complaints management system Facility information browsing Requests, complaints Acceptance Photographs documentation 5 photograph storage system F I G U RE 11 Hyogo Prefecture’s Disaster photographs Infrastructure Data PR photographs Taken date Management Systems Source: Adapted from Takeaki Events photographs Shono’s presentation. 27 ROGER FAIRCLOUGH, New Zealand Climate Adaptation Platform, University of Auckland, and managing director, Neo Leaf Global THE NEW Zealand government has a policy, upheld across all sectors, that urges a focus on resilience planning, emergency response, and integration with business continuity planning. Resilience planning involves the mapping of hazard exposure—understanding road networks not only as linear systems of state highways and local roads but also about what they connect and enable. Fairclough shared the Modeling the Economics of Resilient Infrastructure Tool (MERIT ) that the New Zealand government is developing to understand the types of businesses that can be affected by different hazards and how those impacts can take shape. FIGURE 12 MERIT is an economic evaluation tool and may be used to assess the economic impacts associated with major infrastructure outages such as the GDP impacts. MERIT is a dynamic, Road Outage Scenario multi-regional and multi-sectoral economic model that contains all of the core features of Road network X Level of Service X time a computable general equilibrium (CGE ) model. (BAU & hazard event scenarios) Finally, he recalled that adaptability is key; plans need to be easy to understand and easily readjusted. Network Analyser We are guilty of plans that run into hundreds of pages. We Distance and time to travel between need realistic implementation. zones (BAU & hazard event scenarios) —Roger Fairclough Direct Impact Analyser Change in expenditure X economic sector F I G U RE 1 2 Modeling the Economics of Resilient Infrastructure Tool Compile Direct Impacts / (MERIT) Source: Adapted from Roger MERIT Economic Model Fairclough’s presentation. 28 SE SSIO N SU MMARI ES SE SSION 4 : Innovative Materials and Structures for Vulnerability Reduction KENSUKE ICHIKAWA, manager, Disaster and Water Resources Management Division, Kokusai Kogyo Co. Ltd. E TH I O P IA’S National Road Route 3 crosses through the Abay Gorge to connect the district towns of Dejen and Gohatsion. The winding 42-kilometer stretch of road drops and then climbs 1.2 kilometers along cliffs and steep slopes, presenting to innovate and adapt economic selection of difficult geohazard conditions and demanding materials and more labor-intensive—rather engineering challenges for road construction than capital-intensive—approaches. FIGURE 13 and maintenance. In fact, engineers found four critical landslides in the project area. From 2010 *Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA ), to 2012, JICA -supported work identified options “The Project for Developing Countermeasures against Landslides in the Abay River Gorge.” Final Report: http:// to address these issues.* Focusing on surface open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12044756_01.pdf. drainage, earth removal, soil nailing, erosion prevention, and anchoring, the project showed the value of sharing and adapting techniques with local engineers and the need to continue introducing of japanece techniques and its application countermeasures applicable in ethiopia Horizontal gravity Drainage drain work tunnel Slope protection work Anchors Culvert Ditch Slip surface Piles Drainage Channel Shaft well F I G URE 13 Buttress piles Landslide fill work Countermeasures Source: Adapted from Kensuke Ichikawa’s presentation 29 STEFAN HUSZAK, geotechnical engineer, New Zealand Climate Adaptation Platform, University of Auckland HU SZAK SHARED the research conducted at the University of Auckland concerning the better understanding of the role that water ingress has to play on road asset failures. Water related failures is an issue that is being exacerbated through climate change, population increase, and urbanization. Conducted research includes deepening the understanding of water related failures, as well as exploring options to increase road asset resilience. In many cases, water information from which to improve and is needed to build roads, but as soon as optimize design processes of road assets. building is completed, water is seen as the Options to increase resilience of roads include enemy. Water can enter the system through the use of positive drainage techniques, infiltration through the surface (including permeable pavements, Epoxy modified being forced through by traffic), capillary rise open graded porous asphalt (EMOGPA ), and (water rising from water table), and from the waterproof solutions for thin chipseals (sprayed shoulder. Research aimed at understanding seals). The challenge still exists of integrating waterproofness of thin chipseals (sprayed this knowledge into widely used decision seals), and moisture susceptibility of pavement making processes to select options that materials. This research will provide better increase resilience and reduce risk. FIGURE 14 without waterproof waterproofing road solutions Repeated traffic loading Repeated (~750kPa, ~0.002sec) traffic loading (~750kPa, ~0.002sec) Water entering Agregate seal defect but surface Flushing prevent from entering modifier Water entering basecourse seal defect Seal Layer ~15mm Basecourse Layer FI G URE 14 ~150-200mm Surface and Pavement Waterproofness Source: Adapted Water disbonding Weakened, from Stefan Huszak’s Waterproofing Basecourse bitumen at chip saturated presentation. membrane Top 10-15mm layer intact interface basecourse of basecourse impregnated 30 SE SSIO N SU MMARI ES SE SSION 5: Emergency Management Response and Contingency Planning KATSUNAO TANAKA, director, Disaster Risk Management Division, Water and Disaster Management Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism CCORD ING to MLIT ’s DRM protocol, when large-scale natural disasters occur, MLIT ’s senior officials gather immediately at the Disaster Control Center to •• Collect disaster-related data and in case of emergency. Since its establishment information; in April 2008, more than 8,000 people from each organization of MLIT have been assigned •• Assess damage situations; to TEC -FORCE and have supported 69 disaster- •• Share critical disaster-related information affected areas. TEC -FORCE ’s activity location with the prime minister’s office and other and investigation results are shared through the ministries (such as the Cabinet Office, Integrated Disaster Mapping System (DiMAPS ), which plays a general coordination role and which integrates damage information such as provides disaster information to the public roads, rivers, seismic intensity, and emergency and mass media); and routes. FIGURE 15 Finally, Tanaka shared MLIT ’s •• Determine contingency plans. efforts to prepare for a future Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake, which is expected MLIT ’s Technical Emergency Control Force to occur around the time of the 2020 Tokyo (TEC -FORCE ) is a group of trained technical Olympics, and emphasized the importance of experts dedicated to providing special support investing in preparedness. F I G U RE 1 5 DiMAPS showing the damage of 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake Source: Adapted from Katsunao Tanaka ’s presentation Power source CCTV Camera Highway blocked National road blocked Prefectural road blocked Prefectural road opening info Railway stopped Ports and harbors affected Airport affected Landslide Infrastructure (Emergency transport roads, rail, ports, airports, dam, etc); Hazard Map (Expected Inundation Area, Landslide Sites, etc); Facilities (Government, evacuation sites, hospitals, etc); Base maps (aerial, elevation, etc) 31 OSAMU UEMURA, manager, disaster and risk management team, Nippon Expressway Company (NEXCO ) U EM U RA gave an overview of the duties of Japan’s Nippon Expressway Company (NEXCO ), which include toll management, road maintenance and repairs, and inspection. The regional head office and traffic control center collect private data from weather forecasting information services, meteorological agencies, and traffic patrol monitors to assess road and weather conditions. For NEXCO , information and institutional arrangements are the temporary restorations have been made, essential foundation of a well-operated while full restorations are expected to take expressway. up to two years after an event. To conclude, Uemura shared strategies, such as NEXCO ’s In our roles, who and when comb-like road-opening process and eight- needs to do what is very well directions strategy, which aims to reestablish prescribed.—Osamu Uemura the accessibility to Tokyo from eight directions within 48 hours after the earthquake by In the event of a disaster, NEXCO prioritizes maintaining at least one route in each direction. road clearance to restore the network within FIGURE 16 These strategies facilitate the rapid 20 hours for emergency vehicle passage. response and recovery of transport systems and General use is permitted within 13 days after enable NEXCO to fulfill its mission of protecting society and responding to disaster-hit areas. F I G U RE 16 NEXCO ’s Eight- Tohoku directions Strategy Direction Source: Adapted from Osamu Uemura ’s Kanetu presentation Direction Jhoban Direction Chuou Direction Keiyo Direction Tokyo Tokyo-bay Toumei Aquiline Direction Direction Yokohama Direction 32 SE SSIO N SU MMARI ES SE SSION 6: Transport Infrastructure as Protection against Hydromet Events STEFAN HUSZAK, geotechnical engineer, New Zealand Climate Adaptation Platform, University of Auckland U R BANIZ AT IO N removes a number of natural means to reduce flooding, and paved surfaces also cover significant urban areas that could be used to recharge the groundwater and reduce pressure on storm water. Although pavements traditionally as well as long-term infrastructure performance for are designed to keep water out, permeable the needs in specific locations. FIGURE 17 In addition, pavements do the opposite and, as a result, he reiterated that the benefits of resilience measures they can effectively disseminate water to should not only be quantified in economic terms but ground and avoid flooding. A trial of permeable should also include their environmental, social, and pavement technology was constructed on cultural aspects. The Mauri model* was presented as Auckland’s North Shore (New Zealand); which a tool to quantify and account these benefits, and was a success in its function, but a more successfully shown to be of use on a case study of a road expensive option when not including the value project in Samoa (funded by the World Bank). of other benefits such as environmental and flood risk reduction benefits. These benefits * «https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www. mauriometer.com_&d=DwMGaQ&c=AgHBXVkk0bblyDQ8J of DRM intervention need to be properly Qu5Fw&r=80g0sfvBFQvJaA2ZreaV2rb6zXpzEFLoWKUTF- quantified and considered for a true value edovg&m=0wlvAre3qSh4uya-qu1mrHztJbEmg9D9CnjGhiESwZ4&s=_ M34j98Es956YmNwpkqc9D6PS6tbqyfnq1cqXifwicQ&e=” http://www. of the technology. Huszak highlighted that mauriometer.com/» although various pavement and surface design options exist around the world, it is critical to F IGURE 17 Permeable consider the hydro-related hazards holistically Pavement Technology Source: Adapted from Stefan Huszak’s presentation. solid block porous block pavers (impermeable surface)pavers Solid block Porous block (impermeable) (permeable) pavers pavers Jointing Sand (permeable) Basercourse / Sub base (permeable) Subgrade (impermeable or permeable) 33 KAZUSHIGE ENDO, deputy director general, Iwate Reconstruction Bureau, Reconstruction Agency AF TER THE GREAT East Japan earthquake in 2011, the government established a Reconstruction Agency in 2012 to coordinate reconstruction policies and implement government assistance by promoting clear communication between the central government and local governments and other line ministries and agencies. Under Japan’s Cabinet Office, the Reconstruction Agency was positioned and ranked higher than other ministries and agencies. FIGURE 18 Within this institutional framework, the minister of the Cabinet Office Reconstruction Agency is authorized to provide any support across different ministries and Reconstruction Agency agencies and thus can comprehensively manage and expedite the reconstruction process. Cabinet Secretariat The budget for reconstruction measures and activities for the planned 10-year period (FY 2011 to FY 2020) was set at approximately US $320 Ministry of Defense billion, and the progress of recovery of key infrastructure such as transportation, schools, Ministry of the Environment and hospitals was almost complete (as of November 2016). Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Ministry of Economy, Endo shared examples of the seawalls cabinet Trade and Industry constructed in Rikuzentakata city in Iwate Ministry of Agriculture, Prefecture and how the design of the seawalls Forestry and Fisheries is harmonized with the natural environment and recreational space such as parks and Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare provides not only safety for the residents but also beautiful scenery. He also noted that roads Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology can serve as seawalls in case of emergency by explaining how the East Sendai Expressway in Ministry of Finance Miyagi protected 230 people who evacuated to the roadway (height of embankment is 7–10 Ministry of Foreign Affairs meters) during the 2011 Tōhoku earthquakes by blocking the tsunami and debris from the FI G URE 1 8 Primary Ministries Pacific Ocean. Ministry of Justice and Agencies of Japan for DRM Source: Adapted from Ministry of Internal Affairs Kazushige Endo’s and Communications presentation. 34 SITE VISITS Watarase Retarding Basin, Saitama Prefecture T H E Watarase Retarding Basin (WRB ) Kantō Plain. The Fujihatake area super levee is a flood control basin that stores was constructed from 1998 to 2000 on the water for daily use and retains the river western bank of the Yata River (a tributary overflow temporarily to prevent flooding. The of the largest tributary of the Tone River, objective of the visit was to allow participants called Watarase), where the vulnerability to to understand both normal and extraordinary extreme hydromet events is relatively high. operations at river management offices, In addition to its functions as a WRB levee, particularly before, during, and after expected the Fujihatake area super levee also forms major flood events. The site visit included a part of the levee road of Prefectural Road tour of the facilities and levee, which serve Nº 9. FIGURE 19 key functions in mitigating flood impacts to downstream metropolitan Tokyo. Participants Participants drew key lessons on the also visited the roadside station, which was integration of disaster risk management constructed on the super levee to provide (DRM ) into road transport infrastructure amenities for road users and to serve as an from the observation of super levees (much evacuation center with storage for emergency wider than ordinary levees and designed goods. against floods and seismic events); roads in retarding basins; levee roads; and overflow The WRB was constructed as a flood control levees, which are applicable for river crossing measure after the flood caused by Typhoon (as a road river-crossing structure) as a non- Catherine in 1947, which inflicted large all weather service concept for low-volume damages to many areas of the flood-prone roads. Prefectural Road, No 9 (Levee) Roadside Protected station inland Watarase Yata Retarding River Basin fujihatake super levee F I G U RE 1 9 Area: 2.1 ha A Levee Road Extension: 240 m (Prefectural Width: 140 m Road Nº 9) Embankment height: 9m Source: Tone River Upper Reach Office 35 36 N E XCO T RAFFI C CONTROL CENTER 37 NEXCO Traffic Control Center, Saitama City E AS T Nippon Expressway Company •• Monitoring and emergency response: Limited (NEXCO East) is one of the The traffic control room monitors and three Nippon Expressway Companies integrates information about abnormal owned by the government of Japan. NEXCO events (including natural disasters, objects East is responsible for the construction and on the road, disabled cars, and accidents); operation and maintenance of 3,870 kilometers road conditions (such as traffic jams and of expressways with a daily traffic volume of road closures); and weather conditions to 2.8 million vehicles; operation of terminals for provide emergency information to traffic trucks; and roadside business including parking users in coordination with the Regional lots and rest areas. The main disaster types on Police Bureau’s Expressway Management the expressway are mountainside slope failures, Office, fire departments, Ministry of Land, embankment collapses, flooding, and damage Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism to bridges. The objective of the visit was to (MLIT ), and local governments. At the time allow participants to understand the advanced of an abnormal event, the traffic control intelligent traffic control (ITC ) technology room provides instructions to the NEXCO ’s used for traffic control, including road disaster Traffic Management Patrol Squad on-site emergency management. to implement appropriate emergency response measures. The patrol squad sends To prepare and respond to disasters, NEXCO ’s video feeds to the traffic control room for Iwatsuki Traffic Control Center integrates further instructions. observed hydrometeorological and seismic •• Asset management: The facility control data and information as well as early warnings room collects and analyzes the data and from the Japan Meteorological Agency. information about tunnels and bridges This information helps NEXCO organize an to develop and implement a maintenance emergency task force and response measures and rehabilitation plan. It also monitors at the affected segments of highways that it and controls the operations of various manages. The Control Center was upgraded facilities on roads and tunnels using remote in February 2016 with backup arrangements supervision control facilities that are from other control centers to avoid disruption available 24 hours a day. In case of fire in of services in the event of natural disasters. the long tunnels, control room personnel The participants learned about the Control swiftly guide the road users for evacuation Center’s disaster identification and response and operate emergency facilities in the procedures, as follows: tunnels. 39 SUMMARY OF ACTION PLANNING DISCUSSIONS P ART IC IPAT ING countries engaged in peer-to-peer learning and formulated takeaways from the Technical Knowledge Exchange (TKX ) for potential application to their country contexts. In the action planning discussions summarized below, by country, the participants discussed the range of challenges they face—institutional, legal, financial, technological, communication, structural, and nonstructural. Afghanistan Overall transport and disaster risk management Implementation plan: (1) Review locally (DRM) institutional mapping: The Ministry of applicable design and construction standards; Transportation designs, constructs, maintains, (2) develop vulnerability assessment guide and prepares geohazard mapping. The Ministry and database; (3) draft a prioritized plan of of Economy acts as a DRM coordinator through locations to be measured on the sample network the working committee. and a quantified assessment of net benefits; and (4) draft recommendations on design and Client-identified challenges: Key challenges maintenance protocols with additional climactic include the move toward preparedness from data. the current status of focusing mainly on post disaster response, lack of financial resources, technical capacity, and effective institutional Brazil arrangement. Overall transport and DRM institutional Implementation plan: (1) Conduct capacity mapping: Civil defense under the Ministry building exercise; (2) conduct comprehensive of Integration has the mandate to provide functional analysis of existing systems; and (3) emergency assistances to people and assets map geohazard risks of a network of selected affected by natural disasters. However, it is not routes. linked to the Ministry of Transport and National Road Department for risk identification and assessment. Argentina Client-identified challenges: In the past five Overall transport and DRM institutional years, four major disaster events cost a total mapping: The Ministry of Transport is a of US$7.5 billion, US$5.5 billion of which were specialized agency on national roads and direct damages while the other US$2 billion were national railways. The Ministry of Security related losses. In addition to the lack of clarity in provides post disaster response. responsibility of each institution related to DRM, there is need to enhance DRM data integration Client-identified challenges: Geohazard risks and and establish risk evaluation methodology. their impacts are not analyzed on a systematic basis. Owing to the lack of institutional Implementation plan: (1) Establish the missions, and functional links between transport and targets, and responsibilities of all related DRM, Argentina has no institutionalized risk institutions on all phases of DRM in the short assessment process. and long term; (2) define the approach for the assessment of vulnerability and risk; and 40 SU M M ARY O F ACTI ON PLANNI NG DI S CUS S I ONS (3) identify how to incorporate DRM data a “Climate Change Adaptation Plan for the and assessment into road planning and Transport Sector” that aims to strengthen the development. country’s technical and institutional frameworks as well as to raise awareness about the risks that transport infrastructure faces. For a successful implementation of the plan, strong internal Cambodia capacities in sectoral entities is necessary. Overall transport and DRM institutional Implementation plan: (1) Consider long-term mapping: The National Committee for Disaster scenarios for geohazard analysis on specific Management, the country’s lead government roads; (2) incorporate road adaptation or authority for disaster management and measures for programs and projects for local response, has been established. Responsible roads; and (3) propose measures or innovative institutions are designated for transport and solutions, including nature-based solutions and DRM at the national and rural levels. slope intervention. Client identified challenges: Flooding has been the biggest problem with over the past 50 years, with destructive flooding occurring Georgia approximately every five years. There are also flash floods. Most roads are unpaved and Overall transport and DRM institutional vulnerable to disaster risks, particularly with mapping: Transport and DRM are under different limited maintenance. While hazard maps have agencies and ministries. been created based on simple and limited hydrometeorological data, upgrading disaster Client-identified challenges: Landslides risk identification and assessment is needed. and rockfalls are the most common and frequent threats. While Georgia implements Implementation plan: (1) Learn more about an identification and assessment process the matrix system risk identification and applying multicriteria analysis for vulnerability measurement; (2) initiate dialogue with the determination, preparation of strategic action competent bodies around DRM, including plans and inclusion of geohazard intervention in community participation; and (3) increase current asset management systems is required. human capabilities and financial resources to implement road asset management with proper Implementation plan: (1) Finalize geohazard design for disaster risks. vulnerability assessment; (2) prepare a prioritized work program; (3) update the road asset management process and design standards; and (4) prepare clear guidelines for Colombia emergency response. Overall transport and DRM institutional mapping: The presidential office; sectoral ministries; operational organizations (army, India police, firefighters, Red Cross); and regional institutes (states and municipalities) are Overall transport and DRM institutional designated for DRM for transport. National and mapping: A National Disaster Management local committees are established for knowledge Act and Policy, as well as national, state, and management, risk reduction, and emergency district disaster management plans are prepared. response. State governments lead the process of risk identification by developing satellite imagery Client-identified challenges: Considering and advanced forecasting systems. avalanches, earthquakes, and coastal flooding, the Colombian government has prepared Client-identified challenges: India has been 41 focusing on how to integrate disaster and of Public Works, while provincial level is climate resilience through the life cycle of responsible for risk identification, planning, and infrastructure by improving knowledge and implementation of local roads. awareness through modern information technology (IT)-based tools, optimizing network Client-identified challenges: Key challenges designs and increasing green cover, and include the need for a long-term strategic plan improving asset management programs. integrating land use planning, coordination between sectors to implement a National Green Implementation plan: (1) Prepare climate Growth Strategy, and incorporation of the road resilience strategy for rural roads; (2) conduct disaster management into sector development vulnerability mapping of core transport plans and operationalization of resilient road networks; and (3) seek climatically optimized asset management. roads and bridges. Implementation plan: (1) Improve climate resilient road asset management, road design standards and specifications, and technical Kyrgyz Republic guidelines to enhance the road network; (2) improve quality of and access to hazard Overall transport and DRM institutional inventory and hydrometeorology data for mapping: The Ministry of Transportation designs, road design, planning and monitoring; and (3) constructs, maintains, and prepares geohazard mainstream National Green Growth Strategy mapping. The Ministry of Economy acts as a DRM into five-year sector plan and sector strategy. coordinator through the working committee. Client-identified challenges: Although avalanches occur yearly and the Ministry of Mozambique Transportation allocates a budget for repairs and response every year, the funds are not sufficient. Overall transport and DRM institutional It is necessary to strengthen preparedness by mapping: Institutions responsible for both setting up financial resources, develop technical transport and DRM are the Ministry of Public capacity with dedicated technical units based on Works, Housing and Water Resources; the effective institutional arrangement, and create Ministry of Transport and Communications; the sustainable early warning systems. Ministry of Local Government; and the Ministry of Economy and Finance. Engineering and design Implementation plan: (1) Conduct functional for the road are managed by the National Road analysis of existing systems; (2) map geohazard Administration (ANE) and Road Fund (RF). risk of a selected network of routes; and (3) Asset management or risk management are prepare clear guidelines for emergency response. conducted by the ANE, RF, local governments, and municipalities. Client-identified challenges: Although the Lao People’s Ministry of Transport developed climate risk Democratic Republic screening with efforts to revise design standards through a consultative process with industries, Overall transport and DRM institutional academics, and the public sector, successful mapping: Transport and DRM management implementation will require strong institutional activities are under the responsibility of and sectorial coordination. different agencies at both central and provincial levels. Sector strategy, design standards, Implementation plan: (1) Implement pilot specification and budget allocation, risk projects throughout the country; (2) mainstream identification, and implementation of national climate resilience issues into the country road are under responsibility of Ministry strategies; (3) set up a tool for country 42 SU M M ARY O F ACTI ON PLANNI NG DI S CUS S I ONS preparedness; and (4) improve and strengthen place to monitor, deliver early warnings, and institutional and sectoral coordination. implement asset management, these tasks are not integrated and considered as a system. Implementation plan: (1) Establishment of a Myanmar web-based local roads and bridges inventory system; (2) Mainstream the use of local road Overall transport and DRM institutional network as part of resilience efforts through mapping: In post disaster response, institutional the establishment of an Information-Driven coordination is standard practice between the Local Disaster Risk Governance Program; and (3) road sector, the National Disaster Management Assess the vulnerability of local infrastructure Committee (NDMC), and national ministries. In by conducting a rapid assessment of all vital/ the predisaster stage, there is no coordination core local roads and bridges (The infrastructure yet between the national DRM agency and the assessment tool for roads and bridges has been transport agency. developed in partnership with the World Bank since 2011. This is the tool that is currently being Client-identified challenges: Myanmar faces provided for the LGUs in the conduct of their cyclone, flooding, and landslide challenges that infrastructure audit). have damaged roads throughout the country. At present, projects are geared toward improving technical specifications for design and repair of these assets. Risk evaluation methods are not Serbia systematic, and hazard maps are not available. Overall transport and DRM institutional Implementation plan: (1) Improve road inventory mapping: Institutions responsible for the and asset management by moving to a digitized transport functions are the Ministry of Transport system including hazard maps, photos, a and the Public Enterprise Roads of Serbia (PERS). geographic information system (GIS), complaint The institution responsible for DRM is the Sector management, and a mobile system; (2) strengthen for Emergency Situations (Ministry of Interior), road maintenance for disasters through guideline whereas the recovery and reconstruction is updates, training, and community awareness and managed by the Public Investment Management participation; and (3) develop a contingency or Office. DRM plan for the road sector. Client-identified challenges: Extreme rainfall in May 2014 affected 1.6 million people (22 percent of the total population) and created a strain on Philippines the mining and energy, housing, agriculture, and trade sectors. Key challenges are mainstreaming Overall transport and DRM institutional of climate resilience into road transport mapping: The Department of the Interior and management; understanding of transport risk Local Government is the agency that supervises and vulnerabilities; and improving the resilience local government units (LGUs). The Department of infrastructure. of Public Works and Highways provides design standards and criteria. The Department of Implementation plan: (1) Create national Transportation ensures the protection of vulnerability assessment and emergency transport infrastructure. The National Economic response plan; (2) formulate a flood risk and Development Authority supports LGUs assessment methodology for vulnerability regarding transport planning and recovery. assessment of roads; and (3) establish a data exchange platform and a construction code Client-identified challenges: Local roads are considering climate change effects. mostly unpaved and exhibit low resilience to hazard impacts, becoming unusable during a hazard event. Although institutions are in 43 Sri Lanka and rescue-and-recovery operations; general trend of focusing on post-disaster rather than Overall transport and DRM institutional preparedness; absence of a natural disaster risk mapping: The road management authorities assessment, mapping and database; lack of early include ministries and road development warning systems. authorities (at the national and provincial levels) and municipalities (for local roads). The Ministry Implementation plan: (1) Conduct knowledge of Irrigation is included for road-related water workshop and capacity building exercise; (2) management issues. Institutions responsible for assess functional analysis of existing systems DRM are the Ministry of Disaster Management, in relation to DRM and resilience of transport which has overall responsibility and coordination infrastructure; and (3) conduct geohazard risk of ministries; the Road Development Authority; mapping for a network of selected routes for and the National Building Research Organization shorter term and climate change vulnerability for landslide monitoring. assessment for longer term. Client-identified challenges: Since risk assessment is not included in the central asset Vietnam management system, particularly for pavement and bridges, DRM data need to be integrated at Overall transport and DRM institutional the strategic asset planning level. Although some mapping: The institutions responsible for DRM systems are in place (especially in coastal transport are the Ministry of Transportation areas), it is hard to sustain some initiatives (MoT) and its agencies. DRM responsibilities lie owing to lack of financial and technical with a National Committee on Preparedness and capacities. Response to Natural Hazards (NCPRNH), chaired by the prime minister. MoT is a member of Implementation plan: (1) Improve the existing NCPRNH, under the assignment of the premier. emergency response system; (2) integrate The MoT has responsibility for preparing and climate resilience and DRM in the master plan; responding to natural hazards in the transport and (3) integrate climate and disaster risks in the sector. asset management process for pavement and bridges. Client-identified challenges: Sea level is rising along Vietnam’s coasts at an approximate rate of 2.8 millimeters per year, while average Tajikistan annual temperatures have increased by about 0.62 Celsius degree (between 1958 – 2014). The Overall transport and DRM institutional number of strong storms tends to increase mapping: The Ministry of Transportation and and heavy rainfall has been intensified in the its departments are responsible for policy- Central South - West, South – West and North making in transport sector, asset management, – West regions. Technical support is needed for preservation and maintenance of roads. partitioning an online database and establishing MoT’s Design Institute is preparing designs. a system to monitor landslide risks along the Government’s Committee on Emergency national roads in the mountainous Northern Situations is responsible for emergency provinces. situations. To coordinate DRM efforts, the government has appointed the Ministry of Implementation plan: (1) Enhance geospatial Economy acts as a DRM coordinator of the road asset management, landslide mapping, Working Committee. and monitoring system for the road network; (2) establish natural hazard monitoring; (3) create Client-identified challenges: Tajikistan faces forecasting and early warning systems; and (4) a series of institutional challenges, including establish task forces and management systems insufficient funding for both preventive to respond to disasters. 44 SU M M ARY O F ACTI ON PLANNI NG DI S CUS S I ONS Summary of Community of Practice (CoP) Work Plan Development The TKX showed how the Resilient Transport starting points, values, and approaches, the CoP encouraged the creation of partnerships at CoP reiterated the importance of developing the country level and emphasized that people a flexible suite of engagements that can be are at the center of the World Bank Group’s applied in a modular way. Resilient Transport efforts moving forward. One of tangible engagements emerged through this This Resilient Transport CoP continues to TKX is the launch of a regional approach, “high consolidate and scale-up efforts to build mountainous countries initiative,” proposed by climate and disaster resilient transport three countries in Central Asia – Afghanistan, systems. The program grounds future, relevant Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan –aiming at the World Bank Group projects to the appropriate creation of resilient transport system based on sectors by establishing a base set of tools, their numerous similarities in the geography, solutions, and priorities on which to build. The topography, type and occurrence of disasters, CoP will host follow-up events, publish blog and economic situation. This initiative was posts, create knowledge products, and hold agreed among three delegations during the TKX meetings. Ultimately the CoP’s goal is to help and then idea was presented by the Minister task team leaders support country officials who of Transport and Roads of the Kyrgyz Republic, make key decisions on transport and encourage Mr. Kalilov. While countries have diverse them to build more resilient countries. vulnerability climate drm and engineering road emergency capacity and risk resilience systems & design assessment management building, assessment strategy planning standards management & response institutional coordination Serbia India Myanmar Georgia Lao PDR India Philippines India LAD PDR Kyrgyz Republic Sri Lanka Vietnam Colombia Myanmar Mozambique Colombia Georgia Argentina Georgia Mozambique Afghanistan Kyrgyz Republic Cambodia Colombia F IGURE 20 Knowledge Sharing Offered to Other Countries Source: Resilient Transport CoP 45 CONCLUSION T HE World Bank recognizes infrastructure will continue to leverage the information, tools, as a driving force for development and technical expertise that exist in Japan and and an invaluable asset for cities. in many other countries to inform current and Incorporating elements of resilience into future World Bank transport investments by infrastructure investments in an informed ensuring that the wealth of knowledge and way is an important part of meeting the World experience within each country or institution Bank Group’s commitments to climate action. can be shared widely to benefit as many Moving forward, the Resilient Transport CoP countries and people as possible. 47 ANNEX 1: AGENDA OF TKX D A Y 1 . M O N D A Y, M A Y 8 O B J E C T I V E S O F D AY 1 Set out the objectives, concept, definition, and framework of resilient transportation Introduce client profiles and development challenges and set out what we are trying to achieve Launch the Road Geohazard Risk Management Handbook Deepen understanding of risk and system planning Introduce and explore road asset management and resilience mapping 8:30 am – 9 am Registration and Breakfast 9 am Welcome and Opening Remarks (10 minutes) � Mr. Marc Forni, lead DRM specialist, World Bank � Ms. Maria Cordeiro, senior transport specialist, World Bank Learning Objectives and Client Profiles (10 minutes) � Mr. James (Jay) Newman, DRM specialist, DRM Hub, Tokyo (GFDRR) � Ms. Naho Shibuya, DRM specialist, DRM Hub, Tokyo (GFDRR) � Ms. Shoko Takemoto, DRM specialist, DRM Hub, Tokyo (GFDRR) Keynote Presentation: Disaster Risk Management of Roads in Japan (15 minutes) � Mr. Hitoshi Fukumoto, senior deputy director, Road Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Q&A (10 minutes) 9:45 am Session 1: Opening and Launch of Road Geohazard Risk Management Handbook SESSION 1 Introduction of Road Geohazard Risk Management Handbook (45 minutes) Introduction to Road Geohazard Risk Management (10 minutes) � Dr. Yuka Makino, senior natural resources management and DRM specialist Case Study: Brazil (7 minutes) � Mr. Frederico Ferreira Fonseca Pedroso, DRM specialist, and Fernando De Melo E Silva, transport consultant (via VC) Case Study: Serbia (7 minutes) � Dr. Yoganath ADIKARI, DRM consultant, World Bank Q&A (15 minutes) � Panel, including Mr. Mikihiro Mori, chief specialist, Geosphere Engineering & Disaster Management Office, Nippon Koei 10:30 am Coffee Break 10:45 am Session 2: Understanding Risk and System Planning SESSION 2 Understanding Risk and System Planning Lightning Talks from international experts (45 minutes) � Dr. Keiichi Tamura, chair, Technical Committee on Disaster Management, World Road Association (PIARC): “Quantitative Evaluation of Road Disaster Risks” � Ms. Monique Cornish, NZ Climate Adaptation Platform and Tonkin & Taylor: “Building the Business Case for Resilience” � Ms. Julie Rozenberg, economist, World Bank Q&A (15 minutes) 48 AN N E X 1 : AGE NDA OF TKX 11:45 am Client Country Presentations (20 minutes) � Mozambique, Brazil, Georgia Q&A, exchange of views in small group discussions (10 minutes) � Participants 12:15 pm Lunch 1:00 pm Session 3: Road Asset Management and Mapping for Resilience SESSION 3 Introduction to Road Asset Management for Disaster Resilience Keynote presentation (20 minutes) � Director and Professor Kiyoshi Kobayashi, Graduate School of Management, Kyoto University: “An Overview of ISO55000 on Asset Management, Japan’s Bottom-Up Approach, and Key Elements for Developing Countries” Q&A (10 minutes) 1:30 pm Case Studies on Technology and Institutional / Financing Lightning Talks from international experts (30 minutes) � Mr. Takeaki Shono, Hyogo Prefecture, Land Development Department, Land Planning Division � Mr. Roger Fairclough, NZ Climate Adaptation Platform and Neo Leaf Global: “Road Operators’ Approach to Resilience Improvement” Q&A (10 minutes) 2:10 pm Client Country Presentations (30 minutes) � India, Kyrgyz Republic, Cambodia, Lao PDR Feedback and Comments from Expert Panel 2:40 pm � Prof. Kobayashi, Mr. Fairclough, and World Bank team (10 minutes) 2:50 pm Coffee Break 3:10 pm Action Planning (small groups) � Mr. James (Jay) Newman, DRM specialist, DRM Hub, Tokyo (GFDRR): “Introduction to Action Planning” (15 minutes) Challenge Questions and Action Planning (WB and client teams) (60 minutes) Report Back Small group reporting: representative from each group presents key points (40 min- utes) 4:30 pm Feedback and Comments from Expert Panel (15 minutes) � Prof. Kobayashi, Mr. Fairclough, and World Bank team 5:25 pm Wrap-up Wrap-up of Day 1 and Overview of Day 2 (5 minutes) � World Bank team 5:30 pm Welcome Reception with Japan Bosai Platform 49 D A Y 2 : T U E S D A Y, M A Y 9 TH O B J E C T I V E S O F D AY 2 Explore innovative materials and structures for vulnerability reduction Explore approaches to emergency management response and contingency planning 9:00 am Recap of Day 1 and Overview of Day 2 (5 minutes) 9:05 am Session 4: Innovative Materials and Structures for Vulnerability Reduction SESSION 4 Innovative Materials and Structures for Vulnerability Reduction Lightning Talks from international experts (45 minutes) � Mr. Kensuke Ichikawa, manager, Disaster and Water Resources Management Division, Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd. � Mr. Stefan Huszak, NZ Climate Adaptation Platform and University of Auckland: “Understanding Resilience of Natural Aggregate Properties; Epoxy Porous Asphalt; Coastal Roads and Rising Seawater Levels” Q&A (15 minutes) 10:00 am Client Country Presentations (30 minutes) � Colombia, Sri Lanka, India, Vietnam Q&A, exchange of views in small group discussions (15 minutes) � Participants 11:00 am Coffee Break 11:30 am Session 5: Emergency Management Response and Contingency Planning SESSION 5 Emergency Management Response and Contingency Planning Lightning Talks from international experts (30 minutes) � Mr. Katsunao Tanaka, Disaster Risk Management Division, Water and Disaster Management Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism (MLIT), Japan: Presentation on TEC-FORCE � Mr. Osamu Uemura, Nippon Expressway Company (NEXCO): Presentation on Disaster Management Q&A (15 minutes) 12:30 pm Client Country Presentations (20 minutes) � Afghanistan, Argentina, Tajikistan Q&A, exchange of views in small group discussions (10 minutes) � Participants 1:00 pm Lunch 2:00 pm Client Country Presentations (20 minutes) � Philippines, Myanmar, Serbia Q&A, exchange of views in small group discussions (10 minutes) � Participants 2:30 pm Session 6: Transport Infrastructure as Protection against Hydromet Events Transport Infrastructure as Protection against Hydromet Events Lightning Talks from international experts (15 minutes) � Mr. Stefan Huszak, NZ Climate Adaptation Platform and University of Auckland: “Vulnerability Aspects of Coastal Infrastructure (Erosion and Storm Events), Resilience Options, Coastal Protection, Protection against Storm Events, Infrastructure that Has to Come with Sea Level Rise” Q&A (10 minutes) 3:00 pm Coffee Break 50 AN N E X 1 : AGE NDA OF TKX 3:30 pm Engagement and Action Planning Small group discussion and action planning (30 minutes) Small group reporting: representative from each group presents key points (15 min- utes) Interactive session and feedback on learning needs from each country (15 minutes) 5:00 pm Wrap-up Wrap-up of Day 2 and overview of Day 3 (5 minutes) � World Bank team D A Y 3 : W E D N E S D A Y, M A Y 1 0 TH OBJ ECT I V E S O F D AY 3 Learn about how to utilize transport infrastructure for DRM measures against hydromet events Expand network of transport sector DRM stakeholders in Japan 9:00 am Recap of Day 2 and Overview of Day 3 (5 minutes) 9:05 am Session 6: Transport Infrastructure as Protection against Hydromet Events (contd) SESSION 6 Transport Infrastructure as Protection against Hydromet Events 10:00 am Lightning Talks from international experts (15 minutes) � Mr. Kazushige Endo, Iwate Reconstruction Bureau, Reconstruction Agency Q&A (10 minutes) Depart from Tokyo to Kazo City, Saitama Prefecture (bus) Lunch in the bus and one break at highway service area 12:30 pm Field Visit 1: Watarase Retarding Basin and Levee Roads Wetland Information Center The Watarase Retarding Basin (WRB) is located in the center of Kanto plains and constructed to store water for daily consumption and to temporarily retain the river overflow to prevent flooding in the river basin. The area is highly prone to floods and the facility serves as a key function for mitigating impacts of floods to the downstream metropolitan Tokyo. The levee road (Prefectural Road No.9) surrounds the WRB, and the stability of the road embankment has been enhanced as Super Levee against floods and seismic risk. At the WRB Wetland Information Center, an overview of WRB and the role of Super Levee / Prefecture Road during the past typhoon events will be explained. 1:15 pm Depart from WRB Wetland Information Center to Fujihatake Area Super Levee 1:35 pm Fujihatake Area Super Levee The Fujihatake Area Super Levee is located on the western bank of Watarase River, the largest tributary of Tone River. The Super Levee is much wider than ordinary levees and designed against floods and seismic events. The Super Levee was constructed from 1998 to 2000, including the Prefectural Road No.9 that runs on top of the Super Levee. In 2004, a Roadside Station and a Sports Leisure Education Center were also opened as part of the Super Levee. These facilities have multiple functions including commercial, leisure, as well as emergency response by serving as storage facilities for emergency goods. 2:20 pm Depart from Kitakawabe Roadside station to NEXCO’s East Kanto Traffic Control Center 51 3:30 pm Field Visit 2: Visit to NEXCO’s Kanto Traffic Control Center, Saitama City 5:00 pm East Nippon Expressway Company Limited (NEXCO)’s Iwatsuki Traffic Control Cen- 6:00 pm ter integrates observed hydromet and seismic data and information as well as early warnings from Japan Meteorological Agency to organize an emergency task force and response measures at the affected segments of highways that they manage. The Control Center was upgraded in February 2016 with backup arrangements with other control centers at the time of natural disasters. Depart from Saitama City, Saitama Prefecture to Tokyo Arrive in Tokyo (drop off at hotels) D A Y 4 : T H U R S D A Y, M A Y 1 1 O B J E C T I V E S O F D AY 4 Review and reflect on key lessons learned and explore how to operationalize them into country-specific actions 9:00 am Recap of Day 3 and Overview of Day 4 (5 minutes) 9:05 am Stocktaking and Multistakeholder Dialogue (30 minutes) Bringing it Home How to Operationalize Key Takeaways (30 minutes) 10:00 am Country-Specific Action Plan Development (60 minutes) Small group discussions by clients and task team leaders 11:00 am Coffee Break 11:30 am Action Plan Pitch Session 1 (90 minutes) 5 minute presentation + 5 minute Q&A per client Panelists: � Dr. Mikio Ishiwatari, senior adviser, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) � Mr. Marc Forni, lead DRM specialist, World Bank � Ms. Maria Cordeiro, senior transport specialist, World Bank � Mr. Juan Gaviria, practice manager, Transport for Europe and Central Asia, World Bank Moderated by DRM Hub 1:00 pm Lunch 2:00 pm Action Plan Pitch Session 2 (90 minutes) 5 minute presentation + 5 minute Q&A per client Panelists: � Dr. Mikio Ishiwatari, senior adviser, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) � Dr. Yuka Makino, senior natural resources management and DRM specialist, World Bank � Ms. Julie Rozenberg, economist, Sustainable Development Group, World Bank � Ms. Fiona Collin, lead transport specialist, World Bank Moderated by DRM Hub 3:30 pm Coffee Break 52 AN N E X 1 : AGE NDA OF TKX 3:45 pm Conclusion and Wrap-up (20min) Closing Remarks (10 min) 5:00 pm Farewell Dinner D A Y 5 : F R I D A Y, M A Y 1 2 OBJ E CT I V E S O F D AY 5 Develop strategy for Resilient Transport Community of Practice (CoP) All Day World Bank teams 53 ANNEX 2: EXPERT PROFILES Information is as of the time of the TKX Marc S. Forni Transportation and United Naho Shibuya Nations Environment Programme’s Lead DRM Specialist | (UNEP) Global Environment DRM Specialist | DRM Hub, GSURR, World Bank Outlook – West Asia Regional Tokyo, GFDRR, World Bank Report. A Portuguese national, Marc Forni joined the World Bank Maria holds a Global MBA from IE Naho Shibuya works on bridging in 2003, working for four years Business School, a master’s degree global and Japanese knowledge in the Latin America and the in integrated environment control and expertise with the World Caribbean region to help build from Nottingham Trent University, Bank’s operations to help the disaster risk management and a bachelor’s degree in energy mainstream DRM in low- and practice. He returned to the World and environmental technology middle-income countries. Bank in 2011, after a period as an from the University of Glamorgan, She currently implements a investment banker, to support U.K. knowledge program on resilient the expansion of the disaster risk infrastructure by leveraging management practice in South her experience in infrastructure Asia, where he leads the World James P. Newman (Jay) development including public- Bank’s investments in resilience in DRM Specialist | DRM Hub, private partnerships (PPPs) in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, as well Tokyo, GFDRR, World Bank water supply and sanitation, as housing reconstruction in Nepal transport, energy, and urban following the 2015 earthquake. Jay Newman is a DRM specialist planning.  As a Chartered Water at the World Bank DRM Hub, and Environmental Manager and Tokyo, where he leads the Hub’s a Chartered Environmentalist, Maria Cordeiro Knowledge Program, as well as Naho provided advisory service Senior Transport Specialist | its engagements on resilience. to multilateral and bilateral Transport and ICT, World Bank Since joining the World Bank in development banks, commercial 2013, Jay has worked at the Global lenders, investors, civil Maria Cordeiro contributes to Facility for Disaster Reduction contractors, and manufacturers the Green Transport Community and Recovery (GFDRR), serving as in the Asia Pacific region prior to of Practice as a focal point on a focal point for urban resilience joining the World Bank. She holds greenhouse gas accounting and and regional portfolios in South a graduate degree from Arizona climate risk screening for the Asia and East Asia Pacific. He State University and a master’s transport sector; supporting contributed to the development degree in sustainability science access to climate finance; and of the CityStrength Diagnostic, from the University of Tokyo. in the preparation of knowledge and has supported World Bank products on resilient and low- projects and technical assistance carbon transport. in India, Nepal, South Africa, and Shoko Takemoto Maria has 20 years of international Vietnam. Prior to joining the DRM Specialist | DRM Hub, work experience in the fields GFDRR, he worked for the City of Tokyo, GFDRR, World Bank of climate change, air quality, Baltimore, contributing to the environment management, and city’s 10-Year Financial Plan and Shoko Takemoto is a DRM sustainable mobility. Prior to CitiStat performance management specialist based in the DRM Hub, joining the World Bank, Maria program, also serving as acting Tokyo. Prior to joining the DRM was a section manager at the deputy procurement agent. As an Hub, she spent more than five Environment Agency, Abu Dhabi, adjunct professor at University years working alongside national United Arab Emirates. As part of of Baltimore’s Master’s in Public governments, communities, and the Policy and Planning team, Administration, he has taught donors in the Pacific and West Maria supported the development courses on statistics, urban Africa on climate- and disaster- of Abu Dhabi’s air quality and management, and public policy. Jay resilient development through climate change strategies, Surface holds a master’s degree in applied her appointment with the United Transportation Master Plan, Low economics and public policy jointly Nations Development Programme. Emission Vehicle Strategy, and from Georgetown University and Her areas of specialization vehicle fuel economy standards, Universidad Alberto Hurtado include environmental policy among other policies. Maria also in Santiago, Chile, as well as a and planning, climate change worked at the Inter-American bachelor’s degree in economics adaptation, disaster resilient Development Bank, the World and Spanish from Washington design, and integrated water Resources Institute, and other University in St. Louis. resource management. She holds international institutions a master’s degree in city planning where she helped shape low- from the Massachusetts Institute carbon investment portfolios in of Technology. the transportation sector and contributed to flagship events and publications like Transforming 54 AN N E X 2: E XPERT PROF I LES Hitoshi Fukumoto Ann Arbor. In addition to her also taught as a visiting lecturer professional experience in South at the National Graduate Institute Senior Deputy Director | Road Asia, she spent 14 years of her for Policy Studies in Tokyo while Bureau, Ministry of Land, youth in the Garhwal Himalayas in working for ICHARM. He has Infrastructure, Transport, India and is fluent in Hindi. published numerous research and Tourism, Japan papers in international peer- reviewed and local journals and Hitoshi Fukumoto oversees road Frederico Ferreira P. contributed to the Asia-Pacific disaster risk management at the DRM Specialist | GSURR, World Bank Water Summit (APWF), World Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Water Development Reports and its Transport and Tourism (MLIT) and Frederico Ferreira Pedroso, a side publications (UNISCO), Global leads emergency management Brazilian national, is currently Assessment Reports (UNISDR), and and response of roads in face a DRM specialist at the World Asian Water Development Outlook of risks related to natural Bank working mainly in a vast 2013 (AWDO2013) for Water disasters including earthquakes, portfolio of projects in numerous Security in Asia (Asian Development hydrometeorological events, and Brazilian States. In Brazil, Fred’s Bank). He has a doctorate and snow. Since joining the former engagement includes projects postdoctoral research experience Ministry of Construction in 1996, in the transport sector in São in erosion control engineering and he has conducted research related Paulo (road resilience) and Rio de forestry at Hokkaido University, to transport and urban planning Janeiro (climate change impacts Japan. He is fluent in English, at the Bureau of City Planning. He on urban transport); the water Japanese, and Nepali and also has also led initiatives related to sector (Espírito Santo and Ceará); speaks Hindi, Tagalog, and some railway crossings and streetcars. the private sector (Rio Grande Spanish. After his appointment as the head do Sul); and public management of Kagoshima National Roads (Paraná and Bahia). Fred has Office of the Kyushu Regional worked as a consultant in the field Mikihiro Mori Development Bureau, Hitoshi of transportation in Brasilia and Chief Specialist | Geosphere was involved in urban planning, as an assistant professor at the Engineering & Disaster Management infrastructure development, and University of Canterbury in New Office, Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. DRM at the municipal level in Zealand. He holds a bachelor’s Miyazaki and Shimanto cities. degree in civil engineering from the Mikihiro Mori specializes in Pontifical University of Goiás, a engineering geology and road master’s degree in transportation disaster management. He Yuka Makino from the University of Brasilia, serves as chief specialist at the Senior NRM Specialist and DRM a doctorate in civil engineering Geosphere Engineering & Disaster Officer | GSURR, World Bank (transport- and DRM-focused) from Management Office, Nippon Koei, the University of Canterbury, and and provides technical solutions Yuka Makino has more than 23 a postdoctorate in urban logistics to the road disasters. Mikihiro’s years of operational experience and humanitarian logistics from extensive experience includes in managing and developing Kyoto University in Japan. road and disaster management programs in geohazard risk and technical transfer projects management, natural resources in Armenia, Brazil, Cambodia, management, land management, Yoganath Adhikari Honduras, Indonesia, Jordan, DRM, and climate change DRM Consultant | Nepal, Nicaragua, and the adaptation. She has extensive GSURR, World Bank Philippines. Before his current experience in East Asia, South position, he conducted projects Asia, and Africa and has held field Yoganath Adikari is a Japanese for the Japan International postings in Bangladesh, Cambodia, national who has worked for the Cooperation Agency (JICA) in the Japan, and Nepal. Prior to joining World Bank as an international above countries since 1994. During the World Bank in 2001, Yuka was consultant since 2016. Yoganath 2000–03, he was temporarily a United Nations Development has more than 17 years of transferred to the Institute of Programme (UNDP) program experience in the field of disaster Road Management Technology in officer in Cambodia, and a Japan reduction and recovery in low- and the Road Management Technology International Cooperation Agency middle-income, as well as high- Center, Japan, as chief researcher, to (JICA) expert on community-based income countries while working develop road disaster management disaster management in Nepal. for the Food and Agriculture techniques. From 2013 to 2014, he Yuka has an undergraduate degree Organization of the UN, Nippon worked as a project manager of from International Christian Koei, the International Center slope protection for Sindhuri Road, University in Japan as well as a for Water Hazard and Risk Nepal. He also served as JICA expert master’s and doctoral degrees in Management (ICHARM), and the at the technical assistance project terrestrial ecosystem management Forestry and Forest Products on Nepal’s Sindhuri Road operation from the University of Michigan, Research Institute of Japan. He and maintenance from 2012 to 55 2015. He holds a bachelor’s and level strategy development economics from Ecole des Hautes professional engineering degree in and implementation; risk and Etudes en Sciences Sociales in engineering geology, road disaster opportunity assessment; and Paris  and an engineering degree management, and comprehensive the development of nonfinancial from Ecole Nationale Superieure technical management. benchmarks and credentials. de Techniques Avancees. Monique has worked across the building, infrastructure, Keiichi Tamura and construction sectors in Kiyoshi Kobayashi Chair | Technical Committee on Asia-Pacific, Europe, and the Professor of Infrastructure Disaster Management, World Americas, providing support Economics / Director | Graduate Road Association (PIARC) to corporate, government, and School of Management and nongovernmental organization Research Centre of Business Keiichi Tamura is chair of the (NGO) clients on the risks and Administration, Kyoto University Technical Committee on Disaster opportunities associated with Management, World Road responding to the challenge of Kiyoshi Kobayashi is a professor Association (PIARC), and an adjunct creating a sustainable, resilient of planning and management professor at the Graduate School built environment. Monique theory of the Graduate School of of Management, Kyoto University, specializes in linking sustainability Engineering, Kyoto University. He specializing in earthquake and resilience measures to was dean of the Graduate School engineering and infrastructure core business strategy, while of Management for the period of management. He has more than measuring the broader costs 2010–12. He is a world-renowned 30 years of both professional and benefits of initiatives researcher in the fields of urban and research experience. and outcomes. Most recently and infrastructure management Previously, he held multiple Monique led the development of and economics and a recipient management roles including a resilience decision-support tool of several awards, including the head of the Ground Vibration for the New Zealand Transport Distinguished Research Awards Division, Research Coordinator Agency (NZTA), which frames by the Japan Society of Civil for Earthquake Engineering, the evaluation of resilience Engineers, Fellow Awards by RSA and director of the Center for measures in the context of broader International, and Education Advanced Engineering Structural environmental, social, cultural, Awards by the Danish Ministry Assessment and Research at the and economic costs and benefits, of Environment as well as by the Public Works Research Institute, and developed a framework for Vietnamese Minister of Education. where he had developed various evaluating environmental, social, He will be the president of the specifications, standards, and and governance risks for the Japan Society of Civil Engineers guidelines in relation to highway Commonwealth Bank Group. in 2018, served as the president bridges, geotechnical structures of the Applied Regional Science such as road embankments and Conference and Global Business retaining walls, risk management, Julie Rozenberg Society, and currently serves and emergency response. Keiichi Economist | GGSVP CE, World Bank on the editorial boards of also served as a professor at the international journals including Graduate School of Management of Julie Rozenberg is an economist the American Society of Civil the Kyoto University for three years with the Office of the Chief Engineers, Annals of Regional from April 2013 while on leave from Economist of the World Bank’s Science, the series editor-in-chief the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Sustainable Development (SD) of the Journals of Japan Society Transport and Tourism (MLIT). His Group. Her work includes green of Civil Engineers and the Journal research interests cover various growth and climate change of Applied Regional Science. management techniques of mitigation strategies and climate Currently, he is a member of the infrastructure such as risk and asset change adaptation and DRM. She National Land Development management, and he coauthored coordinates the work of the Council of Japan, a committee two books on infrastructure asset different SD Global Practices expert on the Transport Policy management. He holds a doctoral (including Transport & ICT, Water, Council of Japan, and a coalition and bachelor’s degrees in civil and Energy & Extractives) on member of the Science Council of engineering from the University of incorporating climate change Japan. He was an adjunct professor Tokyo. resilience in projects and of 10 overseas universities and a strategies. She also works on visiting fellow of international infrastructure projects, helping organizations of IIASA, OECD, Monique Cornish World Bank teams and clients WHO, and the World Bank, among Principal Advisor | Sustainability, take climate change constraints others. He is the author and Risk + Resilience and other long-term uncertainties coeditor of 70 books and more into account in the feasibility than 450 academic reviewed Monique Cornish specializes studies and economic analyses of papers. in corporate- and programme- projects. Julie holds a doctorate in 56 AN N E X 2: E XPERT PROF I LES Takeaki Shono Cooperation Agency, the World since he joined the Ministry of Bank, and the United Nations Land, Infrastructure, Transport Civil Engineer | Hyogo Prefectural Development Programme in and Tourism (MLIT) in 1997. After Government, Japan the areas of water and disaster 14 years of experience there, management. He holds a master’s he taught at the Interfaculty Takeaki Shono specializes degree in engineering. Initiative in Information in road development and Studies, Graduate School of management since he joined Interdisciplinary Information Civil Engineering Office, Hyogo Stefan Huszak Studies, University of Tokyo, as an Prefectural Government in 2006. Geotechnical Engineer | Opus assistant professor for three years. He is currently in charge of the International Consultants He was appointed as director development and operation of an of the Kofu River and National integrated management system Stefan Huszak is currently a Highway Office in Kano Regional of social infrastructure assets and doctoral candidate studying at Development Bureau from 2014 facilities for Hyogo Prefecture. the University of Auckland and to 2016. Since 2016, he has been a working at Opus International director for disaster management, Consultants as a geotechnical Disaster Prevention Office, Water Roger Fairclough engineer. Stefan has been working and Disaster Management Bureau. Managing Director | Neo Leaf Global at Opus International Consultants since he began his working career Roger Fairclough is a civil engineer as a civil engineering cadet. Stefan Osamu Uemura and member of the Institution has experience in civil droughting, Manager | Disaster & Risk of Professional Engineers surveying, and stormwater Management Team, Operational New Zealand. His career spans design; however, the main Planning & Coordination Section, government, state-owned basis of Stefan’s background is Operational Department, enterprises, and the private material testing. Stefan has been East Nippon Expressway sector. This includes national 30- involved with both laboratory Company Ltd. (NEXCO-East) year energy outlooks, managing and field testing for several national petroleum and biofuels major projects, both within New Osamu Uemura started his career policy, and “The Thirty Year New Zealand and internationally. in 1998 at the Construction office Zealand Infrastructure Plan Since completing his bachelor’s of Expressway under the Japan 2015” with the vision that “New degree in engineering in 2015, Highway Public Corporation Zealand’s Infrastructure will be Stefan has been working as a (currently NEXCO-East). He resilient and coordinated, and geotechnical engineer, widening worked at the Ministry of Land, contribute to a strong economy his capabilities in that area; as well Infrastructure, Transport and and high living standards.” The as beginning research toward his Tourism (MLIT) in 2010 as a earthquakes in Canterbury, New doctorate. Stefan’s research topic deputy manager for operations Zealand, since 2010 and the is “Optimising the Waterproofness and disaster management of recovery phase have been an of Chipseal Surfacings,” which expressways and experienced ongoing area of involvement. predominantly has applications the Great East Japan Earthquake Roger is currently chair of the within New Zealand, and other (March 11, 2011). Currently, he New Zealand Lifelines (Utilities) areas that use this type of road is responsible for DRM work, Council and chair of the Built seal. The research is part of a larger including business continuity Environment Leadership Steering project, called “Waterproof Roads.” planning under the headquarters Committee. His specific areas of The overall aim of the research is of NEXCO-East. interest include asset investment, to better design chip-seal roads to national resilience, global increase resilience against water resources, national infrastructure, infiltration and moisture-related Kazushige Endo emergency management, advanced failures. The research project Deputy Director General | Iwate technologies, and natural hazards. predominantly consists of civil Office, Reconstruction Agency engineering materials research, of Cabinet Secretariat using laboratory testing that is Kensuke Ichikawa validated in the field. Kazushige Endo works on the Manager | International Consulting Great East Japan Earthquake Department, Kokusai Kogyo Co. Ltd. (March 11, 2011) reconstruction Katsunao Tanaka projects in the Iwate Office, Kensuke Ichikawa is a senior Director, Disaster Management Reconstruction Agency of Cabinet geotechnical engineer. He has | Water and Disaster Secretariat, as deputy director worked in several low- and middle- Management Bureau, MLIT general. After graduating from income countries as a project University of Kyoto with a master’s manager for international projects Katsunao Tanaka has specialized degree in transport engineering funded by the Japan International in water and disaster management in 1990, he joined the Ministry of 57 Land, Infrastructure, Transport for managing the transport face of disaster and climate risks and Tourism (MLIT). His career infrastructure practice in 22 active through process-based design and in Japan covers more than 10 programs in the European Union, informed implementation of hard engineering positions in the Eastern Partnership, Western and soft resilience measures. She government, at national highway Balkans, Caucasus, Turkey, and holds a master’s degree in risk management offices, and with the Russian Federation. He and resilience from the Harvard local authorities. He has also oversees a portfolio of investment Graduate School of Design, which worked at the Japan International projects totaling just under builds on her prior focus on urban Cooperation Agency and the World US$5 billion and annual advisory planning at Cornell University. Bank. services of about US$5 million, including a diverse portfolio of motorways, railways, waterways, Jack Campbell Mikio Ishiwatari ports, and logistics projects, as DRM Specialist | GFDRR, World Bank Senior Advisor | Japan International well as infrastructure public- Cooperation Agency private partnerships (PPPs) Jack Campbell was a founding in a variety of countries. Juan team member in the DRM Hub, Mikio Ishiwatari is a senior advisor also has broad professional Tokyo, where he was based during in Disaster Management and experience in private and public 2014–15 to set up the program. Water Resources Management infrastructure development His operational focus has been at the Japan International and management, public utility on urban and climate resilience Cooperation Agency (JICA) and companies and concessions, projects in South Asia, where he is focuses on DRM and water climate change and infrastructure a task team member of projects in projects. He led the formulation operations, management of Dhaka and Colombo and manages of Japanese assistance policies complex assignments, project a regional technical assistance for climate change adaptation appraisal, finance, management, program on hydromet services. and community-based disaster and marketing covering Europe, For the Global Facility for Disaster management. He worked at the Latin America, Central Asia, Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), World Bank as a senior DRM South Asia, and Africa. He he also focuses on new program specialist and a senior water also has experience as chief development with donors and specialist from 2011 until 2015, operating officer of a medium-size client countries. Prior to working and produced “Learning from global container shipping line, at the World Bank, Jack was an Megadisaster: Lessons from the formulating and implementing adviser to the United Kingdom’s Great East Japan Earthquake.” new company strategy; carrying Department for International He worked at various DRM out organizational and cultural Development (DFID) on disaster positions at the Ministry of alignment; and developing risk management. He is a British Land, Infrastructure, Transport regulatory strategy, value creation, national and holds a degree in and Tourism (MLIT) in Japan integration management, and geography and Hispanic studies for 17 years. He formulated and concluding transactions. He has a from the University of Birmingham supervised national projects doctorate in transport economics and a master’s degree in public of flood risk management and from the University of California, administration from the London highways in Iwami District as Berkeley. School of Economics. director of the Hamada River and Road Office, and was responsible for research and technology Shanika Hettige Fiona Collins development as senior deputy Consultant | GSURR, World Bank Lead Transport Specialist | director for river technology and Transport and ICT, World Bank information. He also has worked as Shanika Hettige joined the World an urban development specialist at Bank in 2015 and has contributed Fiona Collins joined the World the Asian Development Bank. He to the DRM practice by working Bank as a senior transport holds a master’s degree in urban on the Open Data for Resilience specialist in 2011, initially based engineering and a doctorate in Initiative (OpenDRI), the City in Addis Ababa for three years, international studies from the Resilience Program (CRP), and the and now a further three years in University of Tokyo. Resilient Transport Community of headquarters within the Europe Practice, among others. Shanika and Central Asia region. Before has experience in community joining the World Bank, Fiona Juan Gaviria mapping and participatory worked as a civil engineer and Practice Manager | Transport planning, impact modeling, risk project manager, specializing and ICT, World Bank communications, open data, in transport and connectivity. and nature-based risk reduction. Her 30 years of work experience Juan Gaviria is a practice manager Shanika works toward the spans the World Bank and other of transport for Europe at the protection of lives, livelihoods, development partners, road World Bank and responsible and lifeline infrastructure in the agencies, contractor work, and 58 AN N E X 2: E XPERT PROF I LES consultancies. Geographically, works on integrated flood risk administrative and logistical Fiona has worked in Europe, management, hydrometeorology, support and liaises with partners Central Asia, East Africa, East Asia, geohazard risks, and other related worldwide, the Japanese Australia, and the Pacific Islands. aspects of DRM. Since 2012, she government, academia, and the With a significant amount of has worked at the World Bank on private sector. She also works on time spent in tropical latitudes, urban development projects in coordinating events and programs. Fiona has firsthand experience of the New Delhi office and now on She has extensive experience extreme weather, particularly in DRM and infrastructure public- in planning, coordinating, and relation to cyclones and flooding, private partnerships (PPPs) in organizing conferences and high- and in post disaster recovery and the Tokyo office. Before joining profile events. adaptation. This professional and the World Bank, she worked at personal exposure brings with PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltd. and it an interest in addressing the Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu. She impacts of climate change and holds a master’s degree in urban extreme weather and its effects regional planning and public policy. on road infrastructure; and her professional background as a development practitioner and Akiko Toya engineer who has designed, built, Junior Professional Officer and maintained roads provides | GFDRR, World Bank perspectives on how to deal with it. Akiko Toya is a junior professional officer who works on GFDRR’s technical assistance grant Yohannes Yemane Kesete portfolio. She connects leading Disaster Risk Management global and Japanese DRM Specialist | GSURR, World Bank knowledge and expertise with the World Bank’s operational Yohannes Yemane Kesete is a civil teams, focusing on resilient engineer, with specialization in infrastructure and transport infrastructure and transportation projects. Previously, she worked systems engineering. He has more with the South Asia and Latin than 10 years of both professional America and the Caribbean teams and research experience. He on disaster risk assessment and currently works in the Latin risk reduction strategies for the America and the Caribbean region transport sector. Prior to joining on infrastructure improvement the World Bank, she worked in projects. He also leads several enterprise risk management and technical assistance projects that political risk advisory at private aim to integrate natural disaster insurance and consulting firms. A risk in infrastructure investment Japanese national, Akiko holds a decision making. In the past, he master’s degree in public affairs has worked as a risk modeler with and risk management from Cornell AIR-Worldwide and as a structural University and a bachelor’s degree engineer with the Ministry of in environmental economics and Public Works of Eritrea. He holds sustainable development from the a doctorate in civil infrastructure Soka University of America. She systems from Cornell University has spent a semester abroad at with a research focus on managing La Universidad San Francisco de natural disaster risk through Quito in Ecuador. insurance. Haruko Nakamatsu Vibhu Jain Program Assistant | DRM Consultant | DRM Hub, Hub, Tokyo, World Bank Tokyo, World Bank Haruko Nakamatsu works at Vibhu Jain is an urban specialist the Global Facility for Disaster and DRM consultant who supports Reduction and Recovery’s two teams in Tokyo: one at the (GFDRR) DRM Hub, Tokyo, as a Global Infrastructure Facility program assistant. A Japanese and one at the DRM Hub. She national, Haruko provides critical 59 Meet the Participants A F G HA NIS TA N of engineering and has worked AR G E N TI N A with several international and Luquan Tian local organizations in Afghanistan Veronica Raffo and abroad, such as the United Senior Transport Specialist | Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Senior Infrastructure Specialist | Transport and ICT, World Bank the Afghan Construction and Transport and ICT, World Bank Logistics Unit (ACLU), the Luquan Tian specializes in Construction Control Services Veronica Raffo is a senior transport infrastructure and Corporation (CCSC), the United infrastructure specialist at planning. Before joining the Nations Drug Control Programme/ the World Bank’s Transport & World Bank in 2009, he worked the United Nations Office on Drugs Information and Communication at the Department of Transport and Crime (UNDCP/UNODC), the Technologies (ICT) global practice. in a province in China, as well as International Rescue Committee She joined the World Bank in 2006 at two engineering consulting (IRC), and International Relief and as a young professional and has firms in the United Kingdom. Development (IRD). worked for the public sector and He has also worked as a project transport units. She has helped manager on several key national advance the World Bank’s work in trunk motorway networks in Noori Mohammad Salam sustainable transportation and China. Other areas of expertise Senior Road Design Engineer | mobility through her management include road maintenance, traffic THRCP, MPW, Kabul, Afghanistan of lending and advisory operations engineering, and transport in urban mobility, road safety, planning in the United Kingdom Noori Mohammad Salam works rural connectivity, road asset and the United Arab Emirates. as a road design engineer with management, logistics, and At the World Bank, he works on the Ministry of Public Works’ transport planning in Latin America, transport infrastructure and (MPW) Trans-Hindukush Road Eastern Europe, and Africa. Before transport planning and policy Connectivity Project (THRCP). joining the World Bank, she worked in Afghanistan and Nepal. Before joining the MPW, he as a researcher at the Social Science Additionally, he works with the worked as international road Research Council, a program DRM team to advise fragile and design engineer with the United coordinator at the Program on conflict states. An internationally Nations Office for Project Services Global Security and Cooperation, recognized expert in natural (UNOPS). He has also worked and as an associate attorney in the disaster risk management in for the Sudanese government, capital markets and project finance transport infrastructure, he where he worked in Khartoum practice at Marval, O’Farrell & is a chartered engineer in the and on a United States Agency Mairal. She has also worked at the United Kingdom and Europe, as for International Development European Parliament in Brussels. well as holds two degrees in civil (USAID)-funded project located at An author of several peer-reviewed engineering. the Blue Nile State and in Gulli. He articles and publications, she also studied civil engineering at Kabul teaches post-graduate courses in University in Afghanistan. He has Buenos Aires. She holds a law degree Hamidi Sayed Abdul more than 15 years of experience from the University of Buenos Manan in the field of engineering Aires in Argentina and a master’s Senior Contract Engineer| NRAP, and has worked with several in science degree as a Chevening MPW, Kabul, Afghanistan international organizations in Scholar from the London School of Afghanistan and abroad, such as Economics in the United Kingdom. Hamidi Sayed Abdul Manan joined the National Rural Access Program the Ministry of Public Works’ (NRAP), International Relief and (MPW) Natural Rural Access Development (IRD), the United Andres Gartner Program (NRAP) in July 2015. National Procurement Division/ Chief Advisor | Ministry of Transport Previously, he worked as a deputy National Area-Based Development team leader and national technical Programme (UNPD/NABDP), and Andres Gartner is a chief advisor coordinator at the United Nations the Danish Committee for Aid to at the Ministry of Transport in Office for Project Services Afghan Refugees (DACAAR). Argentina. Previously, he worked (UNOPS), where he focused on at the World Bank’s Latin America the MPW’s Afghanistan Rural Transport Cluster and in the Access Project (ARAP). He holds City of Buenos Aires’s Transport an international master’s degree Subsecretary’s Sustainable in structural and civil engineering Mobility Unit. He has also worked from the University of Manchester as a transport specialist at think Institute of Science and tanks, universities, and other Technology (UMIST) in Manchester, organizations.He holds a bachelor’s United Kingdom. He has more than degree in economics from the 35 years of experience in the field University of Buenos Aires in 60 AN N E X 2: E XPERT PROF I LES Argentina, a master’s in science Livia Maria Tiemi Fujii programs in Laos, and transport degree in urban economics from sector knowledge programs in the Torcuato di Tella University Coordinator | Road Transport Malaysia. He holds a doctorate in in Argentina, and a master’s in Programs, Ministry of Transport, applied economics and management science degree in transport from Ports, and Civil Aviation from Cornell University, a master’s the Imperial College London in the degree in policy economics from the United Kingdom. Livia Maria Tiemi Fujii works as University of Illinois at Urbana- a coordinator at the Brazilian Champaign, and a bachelor’s degree Ministry of Transport, Ports, in economics from Thammasat Emma Albrieu and Civil Aviation (MTPCA). She University. General Manager | Vialidad Nacional joined the MTPCA in 2012. She is a civil engineer and holds a Emma Albrieu is a general manager master’s degree in geotechnics Pom Chreay of projects at Vialidad Nacional, the and a master’s in business Director | Department of Rural Health National Roads Council, which is a administration degree in public Care, Min. of Rural Development part of Argentina’s Transportation management. Ministry. She has also worked as an Pom Chreay is a project director at executive director at the Highway the Ministry of Rural Development’s Concession Control Body (El Fabio Pessoa Department of Rural Health Care Órgano de Control de Concesiones and is also a director of the World Viales, OCCOVI), an infrastructure da Silva Nunes Bank-funded Cambodia Southeast coordinator for the Argentina General Coordinator | Maintenance Asia Disaster Risk Management Operations Center (AROC), and and Road Restoration, National project. He has been working at at the United Nations Office for Department of Transport the Ministry since 1998. He holds Project Services (UNOPS). She holds Infrastructure (DNIT), Brazil a degree in public administration a degree in civil engineering from the from the University of Canberra Universidad Católica de Córdoba in Fabio Pessoa da Silva Nunes is in Australia and a degree in rural Argentina and a master’s in science a general coordinator of road development management from the degree in international business maintenance and restoration University of Khon Kean in Thailand. from L’École Nationale des Ponts et at the Brazilian Department of Chaussées in France. Transport Infrastructure (DNIT). Previously, he worked in the Phirith Kang construction division of DNIT.  He Deputy Director | Equipment and BRA Z I L holds a master’s degree in Road Construction Department, structures from the University of Min. of Public Works and Transport Brasilia in Brazil. Satoshi Ogita Phirith Kan is a deputy director Senior Transport Specialist | at the Ministry of Public Works Transport and ICT, World Bank C A M B O DI A and Transport. In 2011, he worked on the World Bank-funded Road Satoshi Ogita is a transport Chanin Manopiniwes Asset Management Project (RAMP), specialist with more than 18 years which was co-financed by the World of professional experience. He Infrastructure Specialist | Bank, the Asian Development Bank, joined the World Bank in 2011 and Transport and ICT, World Bank and Australian Aid. He has also works on inter-urban transport worked as a deputy project director projects, mainly in Brazil and Chanin Manopiniwes has been on the World Bank-funded Road Mozambique. Previously, he worked an infrastructure economist Rehabilitation Project. as an international development with the World Bank in Thailand consultant analyzing more than 25 since March 2006. He has worked transport projects in Asia, Eastern on developing infrastructure C O LO M B I A Europe, and the Middle East for strategy, renewable energy and eight years. He holds a master’s energy efficiency, public-private degree in public administration partnerships, urban transport Mauricio Cuéllar from the Harvard Kennedy School policy, road safety, public finance Senior Transport Specialist | in the United States and a degree & decentralization, and rapid Transport and ICT, World Bank in international studies from the assessment of damages and losses University of Tokyo in Japan. occurred from natural disasters. Mauricio Cuéllar is a senior He also works with the World transport specialist at the World Bank’s carbon finance team on Bank, where he has worked on energy efficiency projects, in managing numerous transport addition to highway management projects in Colombia, Venezuela, projects in Thailand, infrastructure Mexico, Peru, and Ecuador. Prior 61 to joining the World Bank, he GEORGIA on rural roads and highway worked as a planning director projects, with international at the Colombian National Robert Mutyaba assignments in Afghanistan, Planning Department’s Rural China, Mongolia, Indonesia, Nepal, Roads National Fund. He has also Transport Specialist | Transport the Philippines, and Sri Lanka. served as a transport advisor for and ICT, World Bank He also has experience in asset the mayor of Bogotá. He holds a management and maintenance, degree in civil engineering from Los Robert Mutyaba is a transport road sector policies and reforms, Andes University in Colombia and specialist at the World Bank modernization of road agencies, a master’s degree in infrastructure country office in Georgia, working capacity building, knowledge planning from the University of on roads and logistics projects in sharing, contract management, Stuttgart in Germany. Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijani, and and working on challenging Kazakhstan. Prior to joining the assignments in low capacity World Bank, he worked in various regions. Previously, he worked Magda C. Buitrago Ríos positions at the Uganda Road at the Central Road Research Advisor | Deputy Minister of Authority and as a consultant Institute in India for 22 years, Transport, Ministry of Transport at Mott McDonald and Ernst & where he conducted research on Young in the United Kingdom rural roads. Magda Constanza Buitrago (UK). He holds a bachelor’s Ríos has more than 20 years degree in civil engineering from of experience in the transport Makerere University in Uganda Rajesh Bhushan sector, with specific expertise and a master’s degree in road Joint Secretary | Ministry of Rural in supervising road projects, management and engineering from Development, Government of India formulating and evaluating public the University of Birmingham in investment projects, international the U.K. Rajesh Bhushan is joint secretary credit structure, budget planning and director general at the Indian and execution, strategic planning Ministry of Rural Development’s and results management, disaster Gia Sopadze National Rural Roads Development risk management, and climate Head | Environmental Department, Agency. He manages the rural change adaptation. She has Road Department, Georgia connectivity sector for the also developed a manual on the Pradhan Mantri Gramin Sadak evaluation of disasters, as well as Gia Sopadze has been head of the Yojana (PMGSY), a flagship worked on estimating damages Environmental Department at the government program which and losses from earthquakes in Road Department of Georgia since aims to improve livelihoods and Ecuador. She holds degrees in civil 2009. Between 1994 and 2004, he reduce poverty in rural areas by engineering and administration was an advisor to the President of building safe roads and bridges. from the University of Santo Georgia on environmental issues. The annual program budget of Tomas in Colombia. In 2001, he established ECOVISION, $3 billion dollars is administered a union of nongovernmental through the State Rural Roads organizations involved in Development Agencies. More Norma Castellanos sustainable development projects than one million residents have Environmental Infrastructure in Georgia. He has also authored benefited from the five million Advisor | National Planning about 25 scientific and educational kilometers of roads built by the Department (NPD) publications. He holds a doctorate PMGSY program. in geographical sciences from Norma Castellanos is an advisor Tbilisi State University in Georgia. at the National Planning Vinay Kumar Kumar Department’s Infrastructure and Secretary | Rural Works Department, Sustainable Energy Unit. She INDIA State Government of Bihar works on structuring, monitoring, and evaluating public policies Ashok Kumar Vinay Kumar Kumar is a secretary related to the transport sector, at the State Government of such as mitigation and adaptation Senior Highway Engineer | Bihar’s Rural Works Department. to climate change. She holds a Transport and ICT, World Bank Previously, he has served as degree in civil engineering from the a director at the Bihar State Nueva Granada Military University Ashok Kumar works as a senior Beverages Corporation, a chairman in Colombia. highway engineer at the World at the Bihar Rural Livelihoods Bank county office in India, Project, and a secretary at where he focuses on integrating the Animal Husbandry & Fish and adapting climate change Resources. He holds a master’s to rural projects. He has 35 degree in physics. years of experience working 62 AN N E X 2: E XPERT PROF I LES Rajeev Nayan and connectivity, as well as has the region. He holds degrees Prasad Singh recently published the book, in civil engineering and public “The Eurasian Connection: policy. Project Director / Superintending Supply Chain Efficiency along Engineer | Bihar Rural Roads Project, the Modern Silk Route through State Government of Bihar Central Asia.” She holds a Lamphoun doctorate degree. Khounphakdy Rajeev Nayan Prasad Singh is Deputy Director | Road a project director on the Bihar Maintenance Division, Ministry Rural Roads Project at the Bihar Zhamshitbek Kalilov of Public Works and Trade Rural Roads Development Agency. Minister | Ministry of Transport He has 30 years of experience and Roads, Kyrgyz Republic Lamphoun Khounphakdy has in planning, executing, and more than 15 years of field monitoring Rural Roads Projects. Zhamshitbek Kalilov has experience in road network Previously, he worked in the significant experience in the maintenance planning, road Advance Planning section at the construction and rehabilitation construction management, Road Construction Department. of roads in the Kyrgyz Republic, urban traffic planning, and He has participated in numerous trans-border roads with China, disaster risk management. He training programs at the IIT and other neighboring countries. also has extensive experience Khargpur (innovative technology), He has 33 years of experience and in surveying road and bridge ASCI Hyderabad (project is a member of the International conditions throughout Laos. management & procurement), Transport Academy. An award- He joined the Ministry of Public Asian Institute of Transport & winning, widely recognized Works and Trade’s Department Development, New Delhi, NITHE transport expert, he holds a post of Roads as a road assets (Noida), and AIMA (Ahmedabad). graduate degree in transport. management engineer in 2000. He holds degrees in civil engineering and urban transport KYRGYZ REP U BL IC Ruslanbek Satybaldiev engineering. Program Coordinator | Cordula Rastogi Ministry of Transport and Litta Khattiya Roads, Kyrgyz Republic Senior Transport Economist Deputy Director General | | Trade & Competitiveness Ruslanbek Satybaldiev has 22 Department of Road, Ministry Global Practice, World Bank years of engineering experience of Public Works and Trade in road construction and Cordula Rastogi, a senior transport rehabilitation. His portfolio Litta Khattiya is a deputy economist, is a global solutions includes managerial experience director general at the Ministry lead on connectivity at the World and engineering expertise in road of Public Works and Trade’s Bank’s Trade & Competitiveness rehabilitation projects within the Department of Roads. He Global Practice. She has more than Kyrgyz Republic and neighboring has 19 years of professional 15 years of project management countries. experience working in the field experience, with strong analytical of road transport infrastructure skills to deliver policy-relevant development and management, solutions to clients and advise L A O P DR with a special focus on road them on strategic investments asset management. He also and policy changes in the area of Sombath Southivong has experience working with connectivity, transportation, and development partners such logistics. She leads World Bank- Senior Infrastructure Specialist | as the World Bank, the Asian supported lending and non-lending Transport and ICT, World Bank Development Bank, KfW German transport and logistics projects in Development Bank, Japan East Asia and the Pacific, South Sombath Southivong has more International Cooperation Asia, and Europe and Central Asia. than 25 years of professional Agency, and the Nordic Most recently in the Central Asia experience in institutional Development Fund to support region, her work has resulted in strengthening and capacity road infrastructure development renewed engagement with Central building for transport sector in the Lao PDR. He holds Asian governments (Tajikistan, development, disaster risk degrees in civil engineering and Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan) management, and hydropower development planning. and the preparation of four new and mining sector development. investments, including a regional He also has extensive experience connectivity program addressing in road construction and connectivity challenges. She has maintenance, as well as road authored publications on logistics asset management in Laos and 63 M O Z A M BIQ U E as mainstreaming environmental Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), and social considerations into the Louisiana Hurricane Center Kulwinder Rao all stages of a road project’s life after Hurricane Katrina, and the cycle. She is also tasked with United Nations High Commissioner Senior Highway Engineer | creating strategies to increase for Refugees in Switzerland Transport and ICT, World Bank women’s participation in road and Kenya. She holds a master’s projects. She holds a master’s degree in environmental science Kulwinder Rao is a senior highway degree in environmental resource and a doctorate in disaster risk engineer and the global lead for management. management. Fragile and Conflict Affected Countries at the World Bank’s Transport and Information Francisco Álvaro Tin Moe Myint Communication Technologies Technician (International Director | Road & Bridge Division, Global Practice. He manages the Relations) | Road Fund Department of Rural Development World Bank’s transport portfolios in Liberia and Mozambique. He Francisco Álvaro works as a Tin Moe Myint is a director is a professional engineer with technician of external affairs at the Department of Rural more than 31 years of post- at the Directorate of External Development’s Road and Bridge graduate experience in highway Relations’ Road Fund. He is Division. Previously, she worked at policy planning, engineering, responsible for liaising with the Ministry of Home Affairs, the project management, including development partners such as the Ministry of Border Affairs, National performance-based contracting World Bank, as well as monitoring Races and Development Affairs, and methods such as Output- and and evaluating the Integrated the Ministry of Livestock, Fishery Performance-Based Road Road Sector Program. He holds a and Rural Development. She also Contracts (OPRC). Previously, he degree in international relations works on grants and other projects held senior-level management and diplomacy. supported by the World Bank, the positions in the Indian KfW German Development Bank, government and the private the Asian Development Bank, sector. Jorge Tomás Muonima Japanese Infrastructure Partner, Civil Engineer | National and the Japanese International Roads Administration Cooperation Agency. Francisco Manual Jorge Tomás Muonima is a Jose Danca division head at the National Kyaw Myo Htut Senior Highway Engineer Roads Administration, where Director | Department of Highway | Road Fund he oversees local government projects. One project involves Kyaw Myo Htut manages road Francisco Manuel Jose Danca building climate resilience and bridge construction and is a civil engineer, specializing in roads located in the Gaza maintenance projects located in in roads and bridges. He is province’s Limpopo basin. He Myanmar’s Chin State. He also currently acting as a provincial has 27 years of experience as a liaises with Indian counterparts delegate for the Roads Fund civil engineer specializing in road on grant projects and manages the in the Sofala Province. He has construction, rehabilitation, and Japanese International Cooperation worked for several years as a road maintenance. Agency’s overseas development construction and maintenance assistance loans. He joined the supervisor in the Manica and Ministry of Construction in 1997 as a Nampula provinces. M YAN M AR junior engineer. He holds a degree in civil engineering from the Rangoon Institute of Technology in Myanmar. Emilia Tembe Boene Henrike Brecht Environmental Specialist | National Senior Infrastructure Specialist Administration of Roads | GSURR, World Bank PHILIPPINES Emilia Tembe Boene is the Henrike Brecht is a senior head of the National Roads infrastructure specialist at Victor Dato Administration’s Monitoring the World Bank. Based in Senior Infrastructure Specialist | Department. She has 17 years Vientiane, Lao PDR, she is the Transport and ICT, World Bank of experience in coordinating task team leader of disaster environment and resettlement risk management projects Victor Dato is a senior infrastructure issues. She is responsible for in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and specialist at the World Bank country coordinating road monitoring Myanmar. Previously, she worked office in the Philippines. and cross-cutting issues, as well at the Global Facility for Disaster He specializes in roads and 64 AN N E X 2: E XPERT PROF I LES transport projects for the S ERBI A Slobodan Basuric Philippine government’s transport department. Recently, Darko Milutin Head | Belgrade Department for the transport team has started Road Maintenance and Preservation to work on local provincial road Disaster Risk Management development programs. He was Specialist | GSURR, World Bank Slobodan Basuric has been part of the World Bank-led Post actively involved in Belgrade’s Disaster Needs Assessment team Prior to joining the Eastern road maintenance projects and in the aftermath of Typhoon Europe and Central Asia urban road sector economic planning Ketsana and Parma in 2009. and disaster risk management for the past five years. He is (DRM) unit as a DRM Specialist also the project manager for in 2016, Darko Milutin worked performance-based maintenance Maria Teresa as a project manager for the of category I and II state roads. DRM team in the Serbia country In the area of disaster risk H. Concepcion management unit, where he was management, he works on Local Government Operations responsible for implementing assessing damages and economic Officer V | Department Serbia’s DRM program. He has losses in the roads sector. of the Interior previously worked as a consultant Previously, he was a supervisor and as a donor representative specializing in landslide repairs Maria Teresa H. Concepcion for Luxembourg’s bilateral and rehabilitation, as well as road focuses on the project development cooperation reconstruction. He holds a degree development and management projects in Serbia and in civil engineering from the Civil of local roads and bridges Montenegro. A Serbian and Dutch University of Belgrade in Serbia. information systems. She is also national, he holds a doctorate involved in disaster risk reduction degree in environmental sciences and management, specifically from Wageningen University S R I L AN KA disaster risk financing, in the Netherlands and a local risk assessments, and bachelor’s degree in hydrology Amali Rajapaksa vulnerability assessment of local and water resources management infrastructures. In her 30 years engineering. Senior Infrastructure Specialist | with the Philippine Republic’s Transport and ICT, World Bank Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) as a Petar Krasic Amali Rajapaksa leads the local government operations Department for Road Transport, dialogue on public private officer, her work has mostly Roads and Road Safety | partnerships (PPPs) and manages revolved around the various Ministry of Construction, the transport portfolio. She phases of project development Transport and Infrastructure joined the World Bank in 2003 and management – from as an infrastructure specialist inception to feasibility study Petar Krasic has been working managing the World Bank’s preparations, to results-based at the Ministry for more than portfolio on transport, energy, monitoring. four years on various road and water in Sri Lanka. She has safety and road intelligent contributed greatly to the growth transport systems projects. He of the transport sector within Paul Irineo P. Montano specializes in the development the World Bank’s portfolio in Sri Local Government Operations of strategic frameworks, studies, Lanka and has been instrumental Officer V | Department legislation, and other technical in bringing the first public-private of the Interior documents. He also works partnership (PPP) to the road on international cooperation sector. She has also been involved Paul Irineo P. Montano works initiatives that involve European in the World Bank’s energy on project development, policy Union integration processes projects in India and Pakistan. research and formulation, with in the transport field. In 2009, Previously, she worked at the a special focus on strengthening he was awarded a third place Government of Sri Lanka’s disaster risk governance at prize for a road safety project by Bureau of Infrastructure the sub-national levels. This the European Transport Safety Investments. She is a fellow of includes risk information Council. He holds a master’s the United Kingdom Chartered management and analysis, and bachelor’s degree in traffic Institute of Management vulnerability assessment of engineering from the University Accountants and holds a local infrastructures, and risk of Novi Sad in Serbia. master’s degree in business financing windows. finance from Brunel University in the United Kingdom. 65 Nimal Chandrasiri TAJ I KI S TAN Operation. She is also a co-TTL for the Central Highland Connectivity Additional Director General Aidai Bayalieva Improvement Project. Additionally, (Construction Design) | Road she manages various trust funds Development Authority Transport Specialist | Transport that support project lending and and ICT , World Bank supervision, as well as analytical and advisory assistance. She holds Nimal Chandraisiri has more than Aidai Bayalieva works on transport a master’s degree in public policy 37 years of experience in highway programs in the Kyrgyz Republic from the National University of and bridge design, as well as road and the Republic of Tajikistan, Singapore, a bachelor’s degree in construction and management both highly mountainous agronomy from Hanoi Agricultural in both Sri Lanka and abroad. He and the most climate change University, and a bachelor’s degree was instrumental in introducing vulnerable countries in the Central in English from Hanoi Teachers’ computer aided design and Asian region. She also works Training University. global position systems on the preparation of climate (GPS), as well as raised project resilient components in regional management standards at the programs. She has more than 10 To Nam Toan Road Development Authority. years of experience working on Director | Science Technology, He served as a project director infrastructure-related projects. Environment and International when Sri Lanka built the Southern She holds a master’s of science Cooperation, Department of the Expressway, which opened degree from Hiroshima University Directorate for Roads, Vietnam to traffic in 2011. He holds a in Japan. master’s degree in structural To Nam Toan is a director at the engineering from the University Department of the Directorate of Moratuwa in Sri Lanka and a Olim Yatimov for Road’s Science Technology, diploma in project planning and Head | Foreign Investments Environment, and International development management from Cooperation, Department of Ministry Cooperation Department. His the Asian Institute of Manila in of Transport, Republic of Tajikistan responsibilities include drafting the Philippines. road standards for the department Olim Yatimov is a deputy director and the Ministry of Transport, as of the Project Implementation well as applying new technologies. Shyamalee Karunasekera Group at the Ministry of Transport He holds bachelor’s and master’s Deputy Director (Planning) and directly supervises regional degrees in road engineering from | Highway Information and World Bank transport programs. the University of Transport in Development Management System, He has more than 10 years of Vietnam and a doctorate degree Road Development Authority extensive experience in the in construction management from transport sector and cooperating the University of Tokyo in Japan. Shyamalee Karunasekera leads with various international and manages a wide range of financial institutions in activities, including collecting, preparing and implementing Tran Anh Duong processing, and analysing priority road rehabilitation and Director General | Department road pavement data. She construction projects. Under of Environment, Ministry is also responsible for road his direct supervision, his teams of Transport, Vietnam rehabilitation, reconstruction, implemented and successfully and maintenance programs. completed numerous projects. Tran Anh Duong is responsible for Additionally, she works on overseeing state management conceptualizing, formulating, duties in the areas of and developing the Road Asset V I E TN AM environmental protection, energy Management System. She joined efficiency, and climate change the Road Development Authority Phuong Thi Minh Tran response for the transport sector. in 1995 as a civil engineer and He has been working on the has worked in several areas such Senior Transport Specialist | environment portfolio at the as research and development, Transport and ICT, World Bank Ministry of Transport since 2003. highway designs, and He has a degree in mechanical construction and maintenance Phuong Thi Minh Tran is a senior marine engineering from the of road projects on national transport specialist with over Vietnam Maritime University and a highways and expressways. She is 17 years of experience in project master’s degree in maritime safety a chartered civil engineer, with a development and management. and environmental protection post graduate diploma in highway She is currently the Task Team from the World Maritime and traffic engineering from the Leader (TTL) for the Vietnam Road University in Sweden. University of Moratuwa in Sri Asset Management Project and the Lanka. P4R Local Road Asset Management Contact World Bank Disaster Risk Management Hub, Tokyo Phone: +81-(0)3–3597–1320 Email: drmhubtokyo@worldbank.org Website: http://www.worldbank.org/drmhubtokyo The World Bank Disaster Risk Management Hub, Tokyo supports developing countries to mainstream DRM in national development planning and investment programs. As part of the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery and in coordination with the World Bank Tokyo Office, the DRM Hub provides technical assistance grants and connects Japanese and global DRM expertise and solutions with World Bank teams and government officials. Over 47 countries have benefited from the Hub’s technical assistance, knowledge, and capacity building activities. The DRM Hub was established in 2014 through the Japan-World Bank Program for Mainstreaming DRM in Developing Countries – a partnership between Japan’s Ministry of Finance and the World Bank.