ENERGY SECTOR MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM ANNUAL REPORT 2018 esmap.org 1 Cover photo by © Christy Strever / EyeEm / Getty Images 2 ESMAP 2018 | Annual Report 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 01 AT THE FOREFRONT OF PROGRESS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY CHAPTER 2 12 BUILDING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SECTORS CHAPTER 3 20 SPEEDING UP THE RACE TO ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS CHAPTER 4 30 SETTING UP THE STAGE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY EXPANSION AT SCALE CHAPTER 5 36 ENABLING COUNTRIES TO HARNESS THEIR ENERGY EFFICIENCY POTENTIAL CHAPTER 6 40 REFORMING ENERGY SUBSIDIES IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY CHAPTER 7 44 CLOSING GENDER GAPS CHAPTER 8 48 BUILDING ENERGY RESILIENCE IN SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES CHAPTER 9 51 FINANCIAL REVIEW ANNEX A | Summary of the Consultative Group Meeting for Energy Trust-Funded Programs ANNEX B | Results and Targets Achieved for FY2017–20 Business Plan ANNEX C | Completed, New, and Ongoing Activities, FY2018 ANNEX D | Publications, FY2018 Photo by © Vikram Raghuvanshi / Getty Images CHAPTER 1 AT THE FOREFRONT OF PROGRESS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY Tracking Sustainable Development Goal The report also found that renewable energy is 7 (SDG7): The Energy Progress Report, making impressive gains in the electricity sector thanks to declining costs, although these gains are released by ESMAP in May 2018 as a not being matched in transportation and heating collaboration between the International — which together account for 80% of global energy Energy Agency (IEA), the International consumption. Since 2010, global energy intensity Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), United has been falling at an accelerating pace of 2.2%. Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), Energy intensity in industry — the largest energy consuming sector — has been improving at the the World Bank, and the World Health rate of 2.7% per year. Organization (WHO), shows that the world is not currently on track to meet SDG7 — The area lagging the furthest behind of all four ensuring access to affordable, reliable, energy targets in SDG7 is clean cooking. If the sustainable, and modern energy for all current trajectory continues, 2.3 billion people by 2030. Nevertheless, real gains are will continue to use traditional cooking methods in 2030 leading to significant health, economic, being made in certain areas. Expansion of and environmental impacts. access to electricity in poorer countries has recently begun to accelerate, with More encouraging than global trends, however, progress overtaking population growth are the strong performances of specific countries. for the first time in Sub-Saharan Africa. These national experiences provide valuable les- sons for others and evidence is mounting that with holistic approaches, targeted policies, and interna- tional support, substantial gains can be made ESMAP: At the Center of Global Efforts in clean energy and energy access. to Reach SDG7 and Climate Targets The World Bank’s Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) has been spearheading key developments in the energy sector in low- and middle-income countries. ESMAP’s programs are geared toward the achievement of SDG7 and the Paris Agreement to keep global temperatures from rising below 2⁰C, particularly through: esmap.org 01 Leading a major Energy Access effort by the Mobilizing financing from the Green Climate World Bank focused on closing financing gaps and Fund (GCF). In FY2018, ESMAP supported accelerating electrification rates through compre- the development of three projects, that hensive grid and off-grid strategies, including some were approved by the GCF Board, for a total of the largest electrification investment programs, of US$301.3 million. Together with World such as in Ethiopia, Kenya, Myanmar, and Nigeria. Bank financing, the GCF’s concessional funds will help develop innovative financing ESMAP’s technical assistance, policy advice, mechanisms to unlock the potential of and project development support have energy efficiency in Brazil and Vietnam, driven an increase in World Bank financing and scale up a market-based approach for mini grid and off-grid solutions, from for clean cooking solutions in Bangladesh. an average of less than US$200 million per year between FY2014–17 to US$600 million De-risking geothermal investments. in FY2018. The World Bank is now financing ESMAP’s Global Geothermal Development about 25% of investments in mini grids Plan (GGDP) has laid the ground for six globally. Lighting Africa has now reached World Bank projects totaling US$710 million 165 million people with 33 million quality- in Armenia, Chile, Djibouti, Ethiopia, certified off-grid solar products. Indonesia, and Turkey with another four projects in the pipeline to reduce geothermal ESMAP’s work in Efficient, Clean Cooking resource risks, thereby addressing a and Heating (ECCH) is supporting much of fundamental market barrier that prevents the World Bank’s US$300+ million ECCH commercial investment in the sector. portfolio and is continuously pushing the envelope through the design and Increasing investments in energy efficiency. implementation of innovative, results- ESMAP is spearheading a major cross- based financing and consumer incentives. sectoral effort within the World Bank to mainstream energy efficiency in urban Playing a major role in helping the World Bank services and buildings, transport, and achieve its Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP) water, and to mobilize investments through targets. The World Bank has supported 13.6 GW innovative financing and delivery models, and renewable energy generation and integrated 3.9 stronger standards and policies. Successful GW renewable energy into grids over CY16–17. examples include Brazil, India, and Mexico. ESMAP played a key role in achieving this target In CY2016–2017, the World Bank delivered by helping to develop 25 investment projects, US$4.9 billion toward its CCAP targets for including Grid Connected Solar Rooftops in India, energy efficiency and resilient buildings the Turkey Geothermal Development Project, and investments, with many of the projects the Scaling Solar Project in Zambia. ESMAP is also: being developed with ESMAP support. ESMAP is working with IFC to deploy its Leading the development of the World Bank Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies Group’s US$5 billion initiative to scale up (EDGE) program in World Bank operations. the deployment of battery energy storage for variable renewable energy integration. ESMAP is also supporting the International Solar Alliance (ISA). 02 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Playing a leadership role in energy subsidy environmental policy, finance, competitiveness, and reform. ESMAP has taken the lead in investment to develop the Energy Subsidy Reform developing a multi-sectoral approach to Assessment Framework (ESRAF). ESRAF provides assessing energy subsidies and designing a guide to analyzing energy subsidies, the impacts reform measures. It has brought together the of subsidies and their reforms, and the political World Bank’s expertise in social protection, economy context for reform. In FY2018, ESMAP macro-economic and fiscal management, support in this area underpinned US$2.54 billion poverty and social impact analyses, energy and in World Bank development policy financing. ESMAP’s Convening Role in the Global Energy Community During FY2018, ESMAP played a vital role in bringing together development partners, clients, industry, and other stakeholders for knowledge exchange, building consensus on sustainable energy strategies based on lessons learned, and developing collaboration in the sector. These include: The Action Learning Event on Mini and the UK Department for Business, Energy Grids in Abuja, Nigeria, which attracted and Industrial Strategy (BEIS), brought 600 participants including private together over 130 participants from many sector developers, regulators, state World Bank client countries and partners to governments, communities, distribution discuss how to strengthen energy systems companies, and development partners, in a time of technology disruption. building on the momentum gained A session in the Iceland Geothermal from previous years’ learning events Conference organized jointly with the in Kenya, Myanmar, and Tanzania. Icelandic Ministry of Foreign Affairs to The Global Off-Grid Forum and Expo commemorate the fifth anniversary of in Hong Kong, attended by nearly the Global Geothermal Development 700 participants from 65 countries, Plan (GGDP) showcased how the GGDP including industry experts, donors, has helped unlock investment in geothermal private sector representatives, and development and provided a platform country governments. for countries to share their experiences, highlighting different approaches. The Knowledge Exchange Forum in London, hosted by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) ESMAP is organizing several events in FY2019. These include another Knowledge Exchange Forum in Geneva on Energy Subsidy Reform that will be jointly organized with Switzerland’s State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), a solar learning event in Morocco, and several consultations to establish a global consultative group on energy storage. esmap.org 03 HOW ESMAP IS HELPING TO MAXIMIZE FINANCE FOR DEVELOPMENT ESMAP aims to mobilize significant especially in clean energy and to prioritize projects. For instance, ESMAP’s study in West private sector investments by Africa identified significant opportunities for strengthening policy environments, investment in solar photovoltaic (PV) in Burkina mitigating risks, and building Faso and Mali. capacity, following the principles under Maximizing Finance ESMAP supported the development of the for Development (MFD). Nigeria Electrification Project, which aims to leverage US$410 million in private sector investments in solar mini grids and stand- ESMAP activities in Bangladesh, India, alone solar systems to provide electricity to Myanmar, and Uzbekistan have supported 2.5 million people and 70,000 businesses. dispatch efficiency analysis that aims at The electrification program was based on establishing a transparent and least-cost geospatial electrification tools that provided dispatch protocol. This helps to ensure free data on viable mini grid sites to help pri- that newer and more efficient gas plants vate sector developers to enter the market. that in several cases are owned by private companies are dispatched before inef- Lighting Global, a joint World Bank/ ficient plants. ESMAP’s work in India on ESMAP-IFC program to develop off-grid solar ancillary services market design, which markets, helps governments to strengthen informed the Central Electricity Regulatory the enabling environment for the private Commission’s white paper on the subject, sector to provide off-grid energy services to will pave the way for independent power households, businesses, and public estab- producers to be paid for grid frequency lishments. For example, in Kenya,Lighting control services. Global helped design a loan facility for importers and retailers of solar systems to ESMAP-supported power systems plan- provide incentives for them to enter the ning activities — especially least-cost most remote, underserved markets. In generation planning studies for several Nigeria, it supported the design of the countries/regions including Lao PDR, Paki- results-based grant facility to expand stan, Tanzania, Vietnam, Central Asia, and off-grid electrification. the West African Power Pool — provide a sound economic basis for the private sector to identify investment opportunities 04 ESMAP Annual Report | Annual 2018 Report 2018 ESMAP’s Global Geothermal Develop- ESMAP supports the design of revolving ment Plan (GGDP) is scaling up private financing mechanisms, which demonstrate investment in geothermal development by the financial viability of energy efficiency mobilizing concessional financing to miti- investments as a basis for mobilizing gate some of the upstream resource risk. future private sector funds and help For example, the Geothermal Development develop the local private sector and energy Project in Turkey aims to increase private service companies (ESCO) market. For investment by providing partial coverage example, in Montenegro, ESMAP helped of the financial risk involved in exploration design an innovative financing model drilling and credit lines to finance capacity that formed the basis of the World Bank drilling and power plant construction. Montenegro Second Energy Efficiency Project to fund energy efficiency (EE) The Global Solar Atlas and Global retrofits in hospitals and clinics. Wind Atlas are used by private sector developers and other stakeholders. ESMAP is supporting the development The data are particularly helpful to new of public-private approaches and entrants and smaller developers at mechanisms to unlock private sector preliminary stages of project development. capital for investments in EE infrastructure. In Ethiopia, the ESMAP-funded wind In Brazil, ESMAP initially helped identify measurement and pre-feasibility study is viable business models for urban EE helping the government to prepare a series sectors, which were funded under the of projects for potential private sector Financial Instruments for Brazil Energy investment, in partnership with IFC. Efficient Cities (FinBRAZEEC) project. The project will help attract private investment at scale in efficient street lighting and industrial EE for a total of US$1.3 billion. ESMAP was also instrumental in designing FinBRAZEEC components that secured US$195 million from GCF. esmap.org esmap.org 05 Photo by © Minhao Shen / Unsplash 06 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 ESMAP’S GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTS Providing policy makers, multilateral and bilateral development agencies, private investors, practitioners, and academia with crucial energy knowledge and data. Global Reports and Data Platforms Launched in FY2018 Forthcoming in 2019 Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report 2018 Report 2019 Energy Subsidy Reform Assessment Policy Matters: Regulatory Indicators Framework (ESRAF) for Sustainable Energy (RISE) Off-Grid Solar Market Trends Report 2018 Multi-Tier Framework (MTF) Country Diagnostic Reports: Bangladesh, Global Wind Atlas Honduras, Myanmar, Nepal, Zambia Multi-Tier Framework (MTF) Country State of Mini Grid Sector Report Diagnostic Reports: Cambodia, Ethiopia, Rwanda Where Sun Meets Water: Floating Solar Market Report State of Clean Cooking Report Rethinking Power Sector Reform Mobilizing Commercial Finance for Grid-Connected Solar Projects Electric Mobility and Development A Strong Portfolio Fiscal year (FY) 2018 was the second year of implementation of ESMAP’s four-year Business Plan (FY2017–20). ESMAP made considerable progress toward achieving the targets and results within the first half of its Business Plan, as outlined in the Results Framework. Programs such as Global Facility on Mini Grids, Lighting Global, the Urban Poor Electricity Access Program, and the Energy Subsidy Reform Facility achieved or exceeded their targets for the entire four-year period of the Business Plan. All other ESMAP programs also made considerable progress, in many cases reaching over half of their respective targets. Concrete program results are illustrated throughout the report and demonstrate how ESMAP activities inform World Bank development financing and help shape energy policies. esmap.org 07 FY2018 BY THE NUMBERS 258 activities are supported by ESMAP’s US$32 million was active US$139.4 million portfolio allocated for new activities: 113 activities in 53 countries (excluding regional activities) 15 activities with a global focus, most of which support country engagements across regions Number of Activities by Region Grant Amount (US$ Millions) 25 12 10 20 8 15 6 10 4 5 2 0 0 AFR EAP ECA LAC MENA SAR Global AFR EAP ECA LAC MENA SAR Global FY2018 Grant Amount by Thematic/Cross-Cutting Area SAR MENA LAC ECA EAP Regions AFR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Allocations in Millions (USD) Annual Block Grants Energy Access Energy Efficiency Subsidy Reform Multi-allocation Renewable Energy 08 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 OUR IMPACT US $8.6 BILLION World Bank development financing informed Photo by © Aa Dil / Unsplash US $7.0 BILLION external funding mobilized, 56.5 MILLION people provided with including private sector access to electricity 72 MILLION beneficiaries expected 440 MILLION metric tons of CO2 emissions to be reached expected to be reduced 2.2 GIGAWATTS of renewable energy 4.36E^8 expected to be installed MEGAWATT HOURS projected lifetime energy and fuel savings The Impact Indicators are expected results of (a) World Bank lending operations approved in FY2018 informed by active/existing ESMAP activities and (b) active/existing World Bank lending operations informed by ESMAP activities approved in FY2018. The expected results are based on these lending operations. esmap.org 09 LOOKING FORWARD In FY2019, ESMAP will scale up its efforts in several areas to help low- and middle-income countries reach SDG7 and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change: Offshore Wind Solar Risk Mitigation providing support to help countries in partnership with the International develop bankable offshore wind projects Solar Alliance (ISA), Agence Française for private investment and raising the De Développement (AFD), and other concessional funding needed to carry development partners, ESMAP is developing out feasibility studies a Solar Risk Mitigation Initiative to reduce the cost of financing for and de-risk solar Battery Storage projects to further scale up solar energy use developing and implementing a Sustainable Hydropower US$5 billion WBG initiative to accelerate investments that help increase the share helping to manage risks through of renewable energy in grids, improve careful preparation of sustainable energy security, improve grid stability, hydropower projects and expand access to electricity Electrification of Transport Efficient and Clean Cooling supporting countries to reduce the local in collaboration with the World Bank’s and global environmental impact of the Montreal Protocol team, supporting transport sector through electrification countries’ efforts to scale up affordable, of transport based on clean power. It efficient clean cooling technologies through includes last-mile retrofits to transformers, private and public-sector investments so the grid can support clustered and/ or high-power charging. It also considers new rate structures, business models, Floating and Rooftop Solar actors, services, development of charging helping to increase investments in floating infrastructure and standards, dynamic and rooftop solar to help countries expand planning by utilities, and other aspects. solar deployment in land-constrained areas and closer to demand 10 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Photo by © Casey Nguyen / Unsplash esmap.org 11 CHAPTER 2 BUILDING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SECTORS ESMAP’s Governance, Markets, and Planning program responds to demand from World Bank country clients for support related to energy market design, policy and regulatory reform, power system planning, and integration of regional infrastructure. Photo by © Aroon Phukeed / Getty Images 12 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 RESPONDING TO REGIONAL PRIORITIES AFRICA Boosting regional energy trade, expanding energy access, and supporting renewable energy ESMAP is facilitating regional power trade in Sub-Saharan Africa through technical assistance and analytical work. In June 2018, the Econom- Under the Côte d’Ivoire Electricity Access Scale-up ic Commission of West African States (ECOWAS) Program, ESMAP funded a technical study and an launched the regional power market, following large investment prospectus for electricity access expan- investments from strategic partners, including the sion in 15 priority cities in the country. This work World Bank. The aim is to physically connect the en- has underpinned the implementation of the access ergy grids of 14 countries through the West Africa component of the US$325 million World Bank Elec- Power Pool by 2020. A major obstacle to building tricity Transmission and Access Project. It also se- trust among trading partners is their uneven pay- cured US$60 million from the African Development ment records. At the request of the Prime Minister Bank, West African Development Bank, and Europe- of Côte d’Ivoire, ESMAP financed groundbreaking an Union for specific investments to increase access analytical work on the Securitization of Payments rates in the targeted cities from 25% to about 70%. for Cross-Border Power Trade, which was crucial in establishing a West Africa Power Pool Task Force In The Gambia, a least-cost expansion plan, which of senior representatives from power utilities to included the optimal sizing of a grid-connected push this agenda forward. To boost energy trade battery storage facility, has strengthened dialogue between Tanzania and Zambia, ESMAP funded with the government and supported the develop- analysis to help develop a 400-kV interconnection ment of the World Bank Gambia Electricity line that will increase power transmission capacity Restoration and Modernization project approved to southern regions of Tanzania. Another analytical in FY2018. The project will finance construction report helped to identify solar projects in Burkina of a 20 MW solar photovoltaic (PV) plant, potentially Faso, Mali, and other countries to be financed including a battery storage system to help manage by the World Bank. supply and demand. esmap.org 13 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Reforming utilities, promoting energy efficiency, and strengthening regional electricity trade In Iraq, ESMAP is supporting the development of an Integrated National Energy Strategy (INES), which formed the basis for policy reform. Among other actions, the government initiated a Loss Reduction Directive to improve electricity opera- tions and fiscal sustainability. Actions implemented under this directive include better electricity metering and revenue collection. Since the policy ESMAP’s comprehensive support for the MENA was enacted, the pilot areas in the city of Baghdad Pan-Arab Regional Energy Trade initiative has have expanded service delivery: revenue collection resulted in key policy shifts. Two consultations has increased dramatically (US$2.40 million/year were organized with the League of Arab States compared with the US$0.54 million before), (LAS) and Member States in Kuwait and Tunisia. A electricity usage has decreased (peak demand high-level meeting in Cairo with the Arab Electricity reduced from 50 MW to about 30 MW), and Experts Committee further solidified the platform residents who once suffered from daily blackouts and discussed actions to strengthen trade in the now enjoy round-the-clock electricity. region. An ESMAP-funded regional analysis cover- ing 18 countries assessed the value of electricity Within the context of the Algeria Vision 2035, trade under different scenarios. The findings from ESMAP provided recommendations on energy this analysis have been presented to the steering consumption policies and actions over the next committee of the Pan-Arab Regional Energy Trade 20 years to help the country build a more energy Platform, which oversees the creation of institutions efficient economy. These recommendations feed and regulations to enable regional electricity and directly into the vision’s New Economic Growth gas trade. The Member States and LAS have now Model and the government’s energy strategy, launched an action plan that uses the electricity which seeks to reduce energy consumption models and analytical tools developed by the over the next decade. World Bank to advance trade. 14 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Improving energy supply, scaling-up energy efficiency and renewable energy, establishment of an internal audit committee, the and supporting sector reform adoption of an investment evaluation framework, and the rationalization of investment planning. In Serbia, a power systems study found that while Serbia’s power grid is well-prepared to accommo- In Kazakhstan, ESMAP helped the cities of date renewable energy, the country would need Almaty and Astana to plan and implement energy to move to feed-in premiums (FiPs) and auctions. efficiency (EE) investment programs in municipal Another analysis of the natural gas sector provided sectors through EE assessments (including use of recommendations to improve the financial sustain- the TRACE model). An ESMAP-funded study showed ability and efficiency of public enterprises under that each city can save millions of dollars annually the US$400 million World Bank Public Expenditure by investing in EE in specific municipal service and Public Utilities Development Policy Lending sectors. It also identified an investment pipeline series and has informed the International Mon- of US$5.6 billion to be implemented using a new etary Fund’s economic program for the country. financing model. This model will be piloted with As a result of this work, the government enacted initial funding of US$2 million under the ongoing policies to improve utility governance, including the World Bank energy efficiency project. esmap.org 15 An ESMAP analysis guided district heating (DH) ESMAP support. This include US$86 million from tariff-setting in Moldova to cost-recovery levels. the Green Climate Fund, US$31.6 million from the The DH regulatory and tariff-setting reform resulted government of the Republic of Korea, US$15 million in positive income for the DH company for the first from the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development, and time. This work represents the first building block US$12.7 million from the government of Australia. in the development of a regulatory framework for the DH sector to provide adequate incentives and SOUTH ASIA delineate a roadmap for financing major infrastruc- ture investments. Strengthening policies and modernizing institutions An ESMAP evaluation of restructuring options for Ukraine’s gas company, Naftogaz, and analysis ESMAP helped India’s Andhra Pradesh state to of future electricity market prices has helped the strengthen and modernize its electricity distribution government to unbundle Naftogaz and finalize companies. More specifically, it funded the prepa- the Wholesale Electricity Market Law. A follow- ration of a roadmap for information and commu- up ESMAP activity is now providing support to nication technology (ICT) development for power implement reforms in the gas sector. In addition, distribution utilities and helped build institutional the government has made progress in defining a capacity. Collectively, this work informed the design comprehensive strategy for modernizing the of the US$240 million World Bank Andhra Pradesh district heating sector. 24x7 Power for All Project. Support for institutional improvements was also provided to Jharkhand (Support to 24x7 Scheme for Jharkhand) , which EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC helped design a series of reforms expected to be incorporated in an upcoming World Bank project. Supporting infrastructure benefiting communities In Afghanistan, in addition to strengthening client In the Solomon Islands, ESMAP underpinned the capacity and broadening the analytical knowledge preparation of the new US$2.8 million Communi- base in the energy sector, findings of the ESMAP- ty Benefit Sharing Pilot Project supported by the funded Afghanistan Energy Study contributed to World Bank/Japan Social Development Fund. The the preparation of two key lending projects in the project aims to benefit more than 4,000 people country: the Afghanistan Herat Electrification in the Bahomea and Malango communities of Project and the Afghanistan Incentive Program Guadalcanal through the establishment of a fund Development Policy Grant for a combined as well as investments in water and electricity investment of almost US$400 million. infrastructure. It will also ensure that community members gain employment under the planned Tina River Hydropower Development Project, also informed by ESMAP. Significant co-financing from donors and partners was also mobilized with 16 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Reforming institutions and supporting geothermal development In Brazil, ESMAP supported analysis on Revisiting the Power and Gas Sector Reform to assess market challenges and recommend legal and financing models in these sectors. Conclusions on power sector reform and long-term financing were used in the prepa- ration of the FY2018 Financial Instruments for Brazil Energy Efficient Cities (FinBRAZEEC) project to help attract private investment at scale in efficient street lighting and industrial energy efficiency for a total of US$1.3 billion. ESMAP has also supported studies to expand geothermal development in Chile, Mexico, Nicaragua, and St. Lucia, and which contributed to the development of the World Bank’s pipeline of geothermal investments in the region. esmap.org 17 Energy Transition in Asia The global effort to meet the ambitious 2⁰C climate target agreed in Paris will need to address new coal-fired power capacity. Six Asian countries account for almost 80% of the global new coal-fired power capacity currently under construction or at advanced planning stages: China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The World Bank has committed to allocate substantial IBRD and IDA resources (which could, in turn, leverage private investment) for scaling up renewable energy and energy efficiency in these countries to support their energy transition. The World Bank is also aiming to mobilize concessional resources and strengthen financing partnerships with bilateral and regional multilateral development banks. ESMAP is supporting these country programs by allocating US$12 million for policy support and technical assistance. Over the past year, ESMAP’s activities haves informed several new World Bank clean energy operations in four of the six countries. These operations include: INDIA INDONESIA ESMAP is supporting the US$300 million India ESMAP is supporting the upcoming Geother- Energy Efficiency Scale-up Program — a US$220 mal Resource Risk Mitigation Project that will million Program for Results (PforR) loan and establish a risk-sharing mechanism for geother- US$80 million guarantee — for efficient ceiling mal development to unlock public and private fans and LED lights, and the US$625 million resources with the aim to add around 1 GW of IBRD/Clean Technology Fund co-financed Grid geothermal capacity before 2030. Connected Solar Rooftop Program, that will add at least 100 MW of solar rooftop capacity to the grid to help meet India’s target for 40 GW of VIETNAM solar rooftop installations. ESMAP is supporting the US$102 million World Bank Vietnam Energy Efficiency for Industrial PAKISTAN Enterprises project, which is complemented by an US$86 million Green Climate Fund (GCF) ESMAP is supporting the Sindh Solar Energy guarantee designed with ESMAP’s support. Project that will facilitate 400 MW of utility- scale solar capacity through the construction of solar parks and competitive bidding. 18 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Photo © KS-Art / Getty Images esmap.org 19 CHAPTER 3 SPEEDING UP THE RACE TO ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS The amount needed to achieve universal elec- trification by 2030 is around US$45 billion per year (Tracking SDG7 Report, 2018). As public and development financing are not sufficient to close this gap, ESMAP is leading a significant effort to help countries design ambitious electrification programs that mobilize private investment and help them tap into global and local financial markets. Working closely with governments, ESMAP ensures that these programs include components to reduce risks for the private sector to enter the market, such as geospatial tools to identify low-cost elec- trification options through solar home systems, mini grids and grid extension, market intelligence and investment prospectuses, up-to-date business delivery models, and productive uses of electricity to promote economic and human development. ESMAP supports these programs with reliable resource assessments, and provides assistance to strengthen policy and regulatory environments. In addition, ESMAP helps governments design financing facilities that offer working capital and results-based financing to enable mini grid and off-grid service providers to jump-start the market and leverage other sources of funding. Photo by © Lutendo Malatji / EyeEm / Getty Images 20 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 ESMAP’s transformative approach has formed the basis for the design of several World Bank projects that are now channeling funding to accelerate efforts and help countries reach universal access by 2030. These projects include the US$150 million Kenya Off-Grid Solar Access Project, the US$350 million Nigeria Electrification Project, the US$375 million Ethiopia Electrification Program, the US$50 million Rwanda Renewable Energy Proj- ect, the US$50 million Niger Solar Electricity Access Project, and the upcoming Regional Off-Grid Electri- fication Project in Africa, all of which are expected 1 BILLION PEOPLE to leverage an additional US$1–2 billion in public live without electricity and private resources over the next few years. Mobilizing Finance for Efficient, Clean Cooking and Heating Nearly 3 billion people — more than 40% of the world’s population — lack access to clean cooking and heating. Household air pollution is responsible for about 4 million premature deaths a year with estimated welfare losses being a staggering US$1.52 trillion annually. Greenhouse gas emissions from wood fuels alone amount to about 1.9–2.3% of global CO2 emissions. If current trends continue, 2.3 billion people will continue to use traditional cooking methods in 2030. esmap.org 21 Lagging furthest behind the SDG7 targets is access to efficient, clean cooking and heating (ECCH) — an area that has been consistently overlooked by policy makers. Developing sustainable markets for ECCH and accelerating adoption of technologies has been hampered by lack of financing, slow technological progress, low consumer awareness, and lack of infrastructure for fuel and stove production and distribution. ESMAP’s ECCH program is working to change this by providing policy advice, mobilizing investment, and piloting innovative approaches to attract concessional and private sector funding. ESMAP’S ECCH PROGRAM MOBILIZED MUCH OF THE WORLD BANK’S LENDING PORTFOLIO The World Bank’s US$300+ million Programs under this portfolio are benefiting lending portfolio spans 14 countries, over 3.6 million households — over including Bangladesh, China, Djibouti, 18 million people — with improved Ethiopia, Kenya, the Kyrgyz Republic, access to more efficient, cleaner cooking Mongolia, Senegal, and Uganda. and heating solutions. Mobilizing Concessional and Private Financing through Innovation Through innovative results-based financing (RBF) financing from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and schemes — an approach designed to help coun- US$20 million from IDA funding for the scale-up tries deliver basic services to low-income communi- program with the aim of reaching 4 million house- ties that makes payments to a service provider holds by December 2021. Through Africa Clean only after services have been delivered, and meet Cooking Energy Solutions (ACCES), ESMAP helped quality standards — ESMAP has helped private design the US$8 million ECCH component in the companies to enter the clean cookstoves market Kenya Off-Grid Solar Access Project. ESMAP techni- in Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Kenya, cal assistance also enabled the World Bank to start Lao PDR, and Uganda. Progress was made in engaging in dialogue with Djibouti, Ethiopia, The Uganda, where a US$2.2 million ESMAP grant is Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, and Zambia. helping to mobilize new investors and new tech- nologies and to strengthen the value chain and In Lao PDR, ESMAP supported an RBF pilot to commercial distribution through five new business introduce 50,000 “super clean stoves” — the most consortiums. In Bangladesh, the existing cookstove advanced gasifier stoves available that meet World program under the World Bank RERED II project Health Organization standards for indoor air quality has been completed, reaching 1 million households — and to make them affordable to consumers. In by September 2017, two years ahead of schedule. Indonesia, another ESMAP-supported RBF pilot With ESMAP funding and technical assistance, the promoted innovation in business models such as project has mobilized US$20 million of concessional 22 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 offering consumer incentives through credit and In the Kyrgyz Republic, stove prototypes were payment plans and bundling discounts for stoves tested in 70 low-income households. Training of and fuels. Over 10,000 clean stoves have been sold local stove producers enabled the development of by 10 new private companies entering the market high-performance stoves, which saved about 50% in including 5 led by women. With ESMAP support, In- fuel, reduced emissions by more than 90%, and kept donesia is now upgrading standards for cookstoves homes warm. Now, a household can save about to adopt a pioneering testing method that incorpo- US$100 every winter. Building on the success of rates local cooking practice — known as the Indone- the pilot, ESMAP helped design a US$5 million ECCH sia Clean Stove Initiative–Water Heating Test. component to scale up efforts in the World Bank US$46 million Heat Supply Improvement Project. Accelerating Electrification with Better Planning and Geospatial Tools Focusing mostly on high electrification-deficit coun- By working with ESMAP’s Global Facility on Mini tries, ESMAP’s SEforALL Technical Assistance (TA) Grids and Lighting Global, SEforALL TA strengthens program helps countries develop electrification and collaboration between governments and the private investment plans, use geospatial tools for least-cost sector, and incentivizes local companies to expand planning, and syndicate financing for scaling up services to more remote areas that are difficult to mini grid and off-grid solutions. reach. For example, in Kenya, the program helped develop a geospatial electrification plan to under- pin a new National Electrification Strategy. This plan has attracted government financial support for mini grids and off-grid electrification in areas not prioritized for a grid connection. It also laid GEOSPATIAL MAPPING the groundwork for a US$150 million World Bank is changing the face of project, aiming to bring electricity through off- electricity planning. With grid solar solutions to marginalized communities unprecedented detail and beyond the grid. In parallel, Lighting Global helped accuracy on unserved design an innovative financing facility to enable populations, geospatial off-grid businesses to expand their reach to remote data are being used to northern Kenya, while ESMAP’s Global Mini Grids identify which technology Facility promoted dialogue with the private sector. to use where. The project aims to reach 14 remote communities in the northeastern part of the country through off- grid solutions, mini grids, and clean cookstoves; it expects to serve about 1.3 million people, reaching homes, schools, and health centers. esmap.org 23 Putting Mini Grids at the Forefront of the Access Race Photo by © World Bank 25 Over the past year, ESMAP’s WORLD BANK PROJECTS Global Facility on Mini Grids now include US$445 million worth has made mini grids an of investment in mini grids. important part of World Bank energy lending operations. SO FAR, ABOUT 193 MINI GRIDS HAVE BEEN BUILT ACROSS 7 PROJECTS connecting over 175,000 people in Bangladesh, Benin, Ghana, Haiti, Kenya, Myanmar, and Tanzania. Expected over the These projects will mobilize an additional next five years: US$1.1 billion for mini grids from governments, the private sector, and other donors. They will deploy another 2,400 mini grids to bring electricity to more than 5 million people. 24 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Ethiopia and Nigeria have adopted similar As electrification speeds up, the issue of equita- approaches that are now beginning to pay off. In ble access becomes a priority to ensure that no Ethiopia, the roll out of connections in the ambi- one is left behind. Kenya is one example where tious National Electrification Program (NEP) will be ESMAP’s comprehensive support helped tackle this based on the latest geographic information system issue. Support of mini grids helped the govern- (GIS) platform, which uses geospatial data to iden- ment to roll out an electrification plan using a tify the optimal technology solution in space and GIS-based database, targeting the poorest, most time. As part of the NEP, ESMAP also supported an marginalized counties, which enabled the identifi- investment prospectus to mobilize financing to the cation of 120 mini grid sites in the Kenya Off-grid sector. In Nigeria, ESMAP-funded geospatial electri- Access Project for Underserved Counties. fication tools provided free data on viable mini grid sites to help private sector developers to enter the ESMAP has also focused on helping countries market. The geospatial data are used to prepare to strengthen policies for a successful mini grid investment plans to be financed under the World scale-up. In Tanzania, ESMAP collaborated with Bank Nigeria Electrification Project. the electricity regulator to develop the third- generation mini grid regulations and provided insights on private mini grid operators, national The SEforALL TA program is continuing its collabo- policies and subsidies through surveys and ration with a consortium of partners led by Sweden’s assessments. Collectively, this work now informs KTH Royal Institute of Technology to develop a the Tanzania Rural Electrification Expansion Proj- global geospatial planning platform to guide ect, which leverages US$155 million in public and country policy dialogue and investments. private funds to build over 280 new mini grids by 2022. In Rwanda, ESMAP has been working with As a result of the comprehensive support provid- the electricity regulator within the framework of ed by ESMAP, the Nigeria Electrification project the Rwanda Renewable Energy Fund to develop a mentioned above, allocated US$150 million for second-generation simplified licensing frame- 850 solar hybrid mini grids, which are expected work for mini grids; in Haiti, it is supporting the to bring electricity to 1.5 million people, as well World Bank Haiti Renewable Energy for All and as 30,000 small businesses. The design of the Modern Energy Services for All projects by helping mini grid component incorporates regulations to to draft a tripartite agreement. enable private sector participation, market insight for 250 mini grid sites mapped by using geo- In FY2018, the Facility’s Action Learning Event in spatial planning tools, an electronic platform for Abuja, Nigeria attracted 600 participants includ- minimum subsidy tenders, and incorporation of ing private sector developers, regulators, state productive uses through collaboration with agri- governments, communities, distribution compa- culture and business development programs. nies, and development partners, building on the momentum gained from previous years’ learning events in Kenya, Myanmar, and Tanzania. esmap.org 25 Lighting Global: Off-Grid Solar Products Continue to Benefit Millions Lighting Global is a flagship Lighting Global is currently supporting World Bank initiative of the World Bank Group operations that aim to expand access to off-grid energy solutions in 28 countries. Since last year, that aims to build sustainable ESMAP has been helping countries to promote markets for off-grid solar products equitable access to energy by providing incentives for households, productive, and to off-grid companies to expand their services community use. The initiative to poorer, more remote areas that are harder to collaborates with Global Off-Grid reach. Specific work under Lighting Global is often Lighting Association (GOGLA), combined with other ESMAP programs such as the Global Facility on Mini Grids, SEforALL manufacturers, distributors, Technical Assistance, and Solar Scale-Up governments, and other partners to address the multifaceted challenges of scaling to develop the modern off-grid up off-grid solar energy. energy market. ESMAP is renewing For example, in the Kenya US$150 million World and continuing its support to Bank project previously mentioned, Lighting Global Lighting Africa and has expanded helped design a loan facility for importers and re- the World Bank support for off-grid tailers of solar systems to incentivize them to enter energy activities in other regions the most remote, underserved markets. In the such as South and East Asia. World Bank Nigeria Electrification Project, it 26 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Photo by © Solar Aid supported the design of a US$75 million results- In FY2018, the Global Off-grid Solar Market Trends based grant facility to expand off-grid electrifica- Report, co-published with IFC, GOGLA (Global tion. It also supported the design of the World Bank Off-Grid Lighting Association), and Dalberg was Pakistan Sindh Solar Energy Project, particularly on launched to provide insights to investors, policy the deployment of affordable solar home systems makers, and other stakeholders. ESMAP/Lighting in areas with low or no access to electricity. Analysis Global contributed to GOGLA’s guidance note to was provided to identify priority areas and enhance governments summarizing best practices on the consumer awareness and financial literacy, and on role of governments in supporting the market. product quality, and monitoring and evaluation. ESMAP was the main sponsor of the Global Off-Grid Support was also provided to the World Bank Haiti Forum and Expo in Hong Kong in January 2018, with Renewable Energy for All Project, which aims at nearly 700 participants from 65 countries, including scaling-up renewable energy investments to expand industry experts, donors, private sector representa- access to electricity for households, businesses, tives, and country governments. In addition, and community services. ESMAP/Lighting Global sponsored the Unlocking Solar Capital Conference in Abidjan and co-organi- Assistance to IDA projects in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, zed a learning event in Washington, DC to facilitate Mali, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zambia focused on (i) dialogue between the World Bank project teams policy: integrating off-grid solutions to electrification and the private sector, represented by GOGLA and strategies, (ii) financing: setting up facilities for off-grid several of its member companies. energy companies, (iii) product quality assurance, and (iv) capacity building and consumer education. LIGHTING GLOBAL’S IMPACT 165 44.5 33 3.3 MILLION PEOPLE MILLION PEOPLE MILLION QUALITY MILLION TONS VERIFIED PRODUCTS of GHGs have been have benefited from have had their using quality verified basic lighting have been sold avoided annually solar lighting products needs met since 2009 esmap.org 27 Removing Obstacles to Slum Electrification Bringing safe and sustainable energy to the poor As part of the World Bank Kenya Slum Electrifica- living in urban slums is not only critical for reducing tion Project, a survey based on ESMAP’s Multi-Tier poverty in these communities, but also for achiev- Framework (MTF) is being carried out in the slum ing universal access by 2030. Weak policy and areas of Nairobi to help understand the drivers of regulatory frameworks often hamper the delivery success in slum programs and the quality of of energy services in these areas. ESMAP’s Energy energy access in these communities. Access for the Urban Poor program provides customized solutions to countries to help increase In Buenos Aires, Argentina, the initiative helped energy access to the urban poor, bridge knowledge to promote social and urban integration of the Villa gaps, and work with communities to raise public 31 settlement under the World Bank’s Metropolitan awareness of electrification options. Buenos Aires Urban Transformation project. With the help of ESMAP’s Energy Efficiency program, In FY2018, the program supported the Democratic public buildings were supported and government Republic of Congo, Dominican Republic, Tanzania, capacity in deployment of solar thermal and pho- and Yemen, aiming to rehabilitate, modernize, and tovoltaic has been increased through training. In reconstruct their distribution grids. Knowledge and Haiti, the program assisted the power utility, Elec- expertise of slum electrification initiatives around tricité d’Haiti, to regularize informal connections in the world were consolidated in a series of case selected areas and improve access to street lighting studies on Nairobi, New Delhi, Rio de Janeiro, in the low-income neighborhoods of Port-au-Prince and São Paolo. The case studies focus on utilities under the World Bank’s Rebuilding Energy in these cities and describe how their new and Infrastructure and Access project. comprehensive customer programs have incentiv- ized bill payments and promoted legal access. 28 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Photo by © Peter Berko / Unsplash A Different Way to Measure Energy Access — the Multi-Tier Framework (MTF) Having an electricity connection does not nece- Cambodia, Democratic Republic of Congo ssarily mean having access to electricity. Many (Kinshasa District), Ethiopia, Kenya, Honduras, factors can affect the quality, reliability, and Liberia, Madagascar, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, affordability of electricity services households Nigeria, Pakistan, Rwanda, São Tomé and receive. MTF measures the multi levels of service Príncipe, Uganda, and Zambia. Countries such as and groups households into pre-defined tiers, Ethiopia and Rwanda are now using MTF data to painting a more complete picture of the factors shape their targets and policies, while affecting access. This makes MTF a powerful tool Cambodia and Myanmar are using indicators for informing policy and investment decisions and such as “households” “willingness to pay” and guiding targeted interventions. MTF global energy “consumption of different fuels” to quantify the surveys are being carried out in countries with private investment needed in the sector. The the greatest access deficit including Bangladesh, global MTF report is forthcoming in FY2019. Country Diagnostic Reports Released in FY2018 RWANDA ETHIOPIA CAMBODIA Rwanda has made impressive 57% of households have access About 98% of Cambodian house- gains in access to electricity rates, to at least one source of electric- holds have access to at least one jumping from 10% in 2010 to 43% ity. About 33% have access via source of electricity, 71% on the in 2018 — approximately 27% of the national grid, while 24% grid, and 26% off the grid. households have at least basic — mostly in rural areas — have access to electricity (Tier 1+). access through off-grid solutions. esmap.org 29 CHAPTER 4 SETTING THE STAGE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY EXPANSION AT SCALE Photo by © Sappono / Getty Images 30 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Trillions of dollars are needed to help countries transition to a low-carbon, climate resilient development. Over the past two years, the World Bank has directly sup- ported or integrated 18 GW of renewable energy into electricity grids and mobilized over US$10 billion in commercial finance for clean energy. ESMAP has been a central part of this effort. Its Renewable Energy (RE) program helps countries assess their renewable resource potential, determine how solar and wind can be integrated into their power systems, and scale up investments in geothermal and solar energy. Transforming the Geothermal Industry ESMAP’s Global Geothermal Development Plan To help countries in Latin America understand (GGDP) continues to create a strong pipeline of their geothermal potential, ESMAP completed a geothermal exploration projects in the World Bank study in FY2018 on Opportunities and Challenges and other development banks. As a result of the for Scaling Up Geothermal Development, which has GGDP, the World Bank is currently implementing formed the basis for dialogue and influenced six projects totaling US$710 million in Armenia, governments to embrace risk mitigation options Chile, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Turkey. and cost-sharing schemes. The study led to a Another four projects are under preparation in series of knowledge exchange events, including Dominica, Indonesia, Nicaragua, and St. Lucia. the Geothermal Congress for Latin America and the Caribbean (GEOLAC) with several countries In FY2018, ESMAP supported the development of sharing experiences. Lastly, as a key sponsor of the Kenya’s National Geothermal Strategy as part of Iceland Geothermal Conference, ESMAP partnered the government’s efforts to add 2,200–2,900 MW with the Icelandic Ministry of Foreign Affairs and of geothermal generation by 2035. Iceland Geothermal to organize a session to cele- brate the fifth anniversary of the GGDP. The event Building on the Geothermal Energy Upstream brought together more than 600 participants from Development Project in Indonesia, ESMAP has across the global geothermal industry, private sector, helped to define a technical assistance program and academia, as well as country representatives. for the upcoming World Bank Geothermal Resource Risk Mitigation Project to confirm the resource. This assistance has also enabled stake- holder consultations around the power purchase agreement process to help strengthen policies for more private sector participation. esmap.org 31 Promoting Accessible Renewable Energy Data ESMAP’s Renewable Energy Resource Assessment and Mapping program has promoted the shift from country-based mapping to a global approach that provides a single point of access to high-quality data on solar and wind resources. Two free, web-based data tools — the Global Solar Atlas and Global Wind Atlas — now provide rich, nationwide data to governments, private developers, research organizations, and others. Global Solar Atlas Global Wind Atlas A free, web-based tool with 1 km global (Launched in FY2018), a free, web-based tool to resolution and high-quality solar maps for help policy makers and investors identify prom- all 146 developing countries: ising areas for wind power generation: More than 9,000 users per month from  The latest modeling technologies combine  around the world (average, as of June 2018) wind climate data with high-resolution terrain information to provide wind climate Developing countries represent more data at a 1 km scale than half of the top 25 countries using the site High-resolution global and regional maps and geographic information system (GIS) data enable users to print poster maps and use the data in other applications 32 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 The RE Mapping program has funded solar and The wind mapping results for Vietnam have helped wind measurement campaigns in 11 countries, identify resources that were not previously known generating high-accuracy data that is now freely in the center and north of the country and have available on the World Bank’s ENERGYDATA.info highlighted a substantial offshore wind resource platform. Working closely with ESMAP’s Solar Scale- in the south of the country. This information will up and Variable Renewable Energy Grid Integra- help Vietnam to explore future wind power tion programs, RE Mapping is now focusing on development, building on the 200 MW of identifying opportunities to use this data in power capacity installed so far. sector planning and least-cost electrification plans, particularly in geospatial analyses where data on resource potential can help identify the best sites. OTHER RE MAPPING EFFORTS As part of Zambia’s solar auction under the World COMPLETED OR UNDERWAY Bank’s Scaling Solar initiative, an ESMAP-funded solar and wind resource mapping campaign has A wind mapping measurement campaign  provided critical data to help solidify solar resource in Ethiopia is currently being integrated estimates by private developers and in bid prepa- with a broader WBG engagement to help ration. Approximately 100 MW of solar has been identify and develop multiple sites. awarded so far, with further auctions planned. The World Bank is providing a guarantee to one In Pakistan, wind and solar maps have  of the two winning projects that will leverage highlighted huge resources in Baloch- approximately US$48 million in private investment istan with potential for development. to finance a 34 MW peak solar PV power plant The country has completed both bio- by Ngonye Power Company Limited. mass and solar mapping, with a wind measurement campaign underway. In Tanzania, small hydropower mapping  has identified 70+ previously unknown sites that could support rural electrifica- tion efforts. esmap.org 33 “There is great scope in many countries for the clean, low-cost power that wind provides, but they have been hampered by a lack of good data. By providing high- quality resource data at such a detailed level for free, we hope to mobilize more private investment for accelerating the scale-up of technologies like wind to meet urgent energy needs.” — Riccardo Puliti, Senior Director and Head of the World Bank’s Energy and Extractives Global Practice Modernizing Grids for More Renewable Energy ESMAP’s Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) ESMAP activities have also underpinned significant Integration Program seeks to remove barriers policy shifts. In Armenia, a new distribution grid code to successful integration of solar and wind through was used to define the connection requirements grid modernization, battery storage options, adop- for the first solar project in the country, the 55 MW tion of new control and forecasting technologies, Masrik-1 Solar Farm. This helped pave the way for a revamped business models for utilities, and successful solar auction in the country that award- updated policies and regulations. ed the tender to the lowest bidder in May 2018 at US$0.0419/kWh. An integration analysis for Niger’s The program has laid the groundwork for several Zinder solar power plant has provided insights on World Bank investments. For example, an the available connection capacity, which is now assessment of the static and dynamic stability of informing the deployment of IFC’s Scaling Solar Mongolia’s Western Energy System under larger program in the country. shares of variable renewable energy (VRE) capacity, recommended revising the National Grid Code that In Central America, a regional program is support- is now being designed under the World Bank Second ing dispatch centers to build VRE forecasting capaci- Energy Sector Project. The assessment is also used ty and adequate ancillary services. Starting with to inform the construction of a 10 MW solar PV plant Guatemala, where system reserves were over- under the project. dimensioned, ESMAP helped to upgrade the meth- odology used to calculate spinning reserve require- Battery storage is another area gaining momentum ments. The new methodology has already been as a viable option for successful integration of VRE adopted by the local dispatch center and is estimated — especially solar — into weak networks. In the to save US$40 million. Based on this success, support Central African Republic, ESMAP helped develop is being extended to Costa Rica, El Salvador, a cost-effective solar and battery storage model to Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama with the goal help integrate solar into weak grids. This analysis of putting in place regional regulations and createing underpinned a US$50 million IDA project consisting a regional market to exchange operating reserves. of a 25 MWp/25 MWh combined solar PV-battery storage plant. 34 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 As part of the World Bank’s ambitious, US$750 million plan to help West Africa scale up solar energy, ESMAP is helping the West African Power Pool grid to expand its solar PV capacity to increase access to electricity and meet a growing demand. An analysis taking into account availability of solar resources and inter- connection, expected demand, and access to other generation sources has laid the basis for regional planning for building solar PV capacity, minimizing regional generation costs. Country-specific modeling of power flow with solar PV and battery plants was also carried out in Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Mali. ESMAP’s collaboration with the Korea Green Growth Trust Fund (KGGTF) has leveraged an additional US$2.1 million for four activities in the Central America and West Africa regions, as well as in Peru, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. Promoting New Approaches to Solar Deployment ESMAP is helping countries to expand solar power by the World Bank to prepare a pilot solar auction. through support for structuring solar parks and This significant shift in policy could create a market transitioning to competitive bidding/auctions. In for solar power and bring down prices to help the FY2018, the program initiated several new activities country accelerate the pace of solar deployment to and developed core knowledge on emerging areas meet it targets. In parallel, an ESMAP-funded geospa- such as rooftop photovoltaic (PV) and floating solar. It tial analysis has helped to identify available land for has also helped respond to demand for customized solar PV deployment. approaches, including hybridization of solar PV with batteries and hydro-connected solar PV. To help Haiti tap into its rich sources of renewable energy and increase electricity access, a US$20 million In Pakistan, initial recommendations from a previ- Climate Investment Fund grant is helping to attract ous ASTAE-funded study fed into the design of the private investment. ESMAP funding helped the US$100 million IDA Sindh Solar Energy Project to government identify potential on-grid investments by facilitate 400 MW of utility-scale solar capacity analyzing and modelling the integration of solar PV through the construction of solar parks and compet- energy and battery systems into the national utility’s itive bidding. To better assess Pakistan’s renewable smaller grids, serving provincial capitals and second- energy resources, 9 solar stations and 12 wind ary cities. The analysis identified viable investments, masts were installed across the country, measuring which were prioritized in the World Bank project. In and collecting solar and wind data for two years. addition, it identified the key regulatory constraints for grid-connected solar energy and outlined ways to As part of a broader ESMAP engagement comprising address them. A specific assessment of renewable RE Mapping, VRE integration, and rooftop solar, tech- energy potential contributed to the government’s nical assistance helped the government of Vietnam decision to eliminate import duties for several to develop a solar strategy, which formed the basis renewable energy products. for the government’s request for further assistance esmap.org 35 CHAPTER 5 ENABLING COUNTRIES TO HARNESS THEIR ENERGY EFFICIENCY POTENTIAL Photo by © Soham Sahu / EyeEm / Getty Images 36 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Cities consume 66% of global energy and produce 70% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Over 55% of electricity use is linked to buildings and 65% of oil is linked to transport. Making urban services and buildings more energy efficient can mitigate climate change and contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG7. ESMAP’s Energy Efficiency (EE) program focuses on Energy Efficient City Services and Energy Efficient and Sustainable Buildings to help countries address financial and policy gaps while working to prioritize EE across sectors such as transport and water. In FY2018, the EE program’s activities provided support to more than 30 countries across the developing world, shaping EE plans for city services and buildings. Mobilizing Private Investment for EE through Innovative Financing and Delivery Models ESMAP’s EE program addressed this challenge  lighting and industrial EE for a total of in the Western Balkan countries of Bosnia US$1.3 billion. ESMAP was also instrumental and Herzegovina, Kosovo, the former Yugoslav in securing US$195 million for FinBRAZEEC Republic of Macedonia, and Montenegro, from the Green Climate Fund (GCF). where unexploited EE potential in buildings is significant. For example, in Montenegro, To help India transform its EE market, the  ESMAP was instrumental in the design of an in- WBG approved the $300 million India Energy novative financing model that captures energy Efficiency Scale-up Program — a US$220 mil- cost savings and reinvests them in EE — a lion Program for Results (PforR) loan and sustainable aspect that can attract commercial US$80 million guarantee — for efficient ceiling financing. This innovation formed the basis of fans and LED lights, the most common appli- the World Bank US$7.4 million Montenegro ances used in homes and offices. ESMAP- Second Energy Efficiency Project to fund EE funded assessments and technical assistance retrofits in hospitals and clinics. provided critical input to the results frame- work and action plan of the PforR loan. It also ESMAP’s work in Brazil is another example of  informed the design of India’s Energy Efficiency helping to mobilize private investment. Based Services Limited (EESL) ambitious EE plan on the program’s previous work that helped for high-efficiency air conditioning and identify viable business models for urban EE water pumping. sectors, the WBG approved in FY2018 the Financial Instruments for Brazil Energy Efficient Cities (FinBRAZEEC) project to help attract private investment at scale in efficient street esmap.org 37 Facilitating EE Scale-up through Effective Policies, Regulations, Building Codes, and EE Standards In Vietnam, an ESMAP-funded assessment of  barriers for businesses through a key-equipment- options to enhance industrial EE recommended supplier approach. ESMAP also helped develop a shift from a voluntary to a mandatory a measurement and verification system for approach linked to EE standards and targets, project results, including energy savings and which was adopted by the government. emission reductions, a key step for mobilizing Implementation of these options are now private investment. financed in part by the US$102 million World Bank Vietnam Energy Efficiency for Industrial In Central America, ESMAP is supporting  Enterprises project, which is complemented the implementation of green building codes, by an US$86 million GCF guarantee designed energy standards, and labeling for applianc- with ESMAP’s support. es such as air conditioners, while promoting public communications and capacity building. In Uzbekistan, ESMAP technical assistance  Collectively, these efforts are now enabling underpinned the US$200 million World Bank the design of an EE fund. Energy Efficiency Facility for Industrial Enter- prises Project by helping lower the market Photo by © Hermandt / Getty Images 38 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Making Urban Sectors Such As Water, Buildings, and Transport More Energy Efficient An ESMAP-funded audit of eight water supply  program to scale up an energy-efficient and utilities in Liaoning, China identified areas sustainable public lighting system. The pro- where EE can be improved and outlined invest- gram is expected to result in significant energy ment opportunities. Its recommendations are savings and GHG emissions reductions. now being financed by the Liaoning Safe and Sustainable Urban Water Supply Project. Building on previous engagements in Mexico,  ESMAP continued its technical support focus- In the Kyrgyz Republic, an ESMAP-funded  ing on mainstreaming EE in public schools and urban heating assessment recommended hospitals by including them in the financing policy measures and priority investments and operational mechanism for EE. This sup- that have underpinned the World Bank Heat port has underpinned the US$50 million World Supply Improvement Project, a US$46 million Bank Additional Financing for Energy Efficiency endeavor to improve the lives of more than in Public Facilities Project. 200,000 people in Bishkek through better and more reliable heating. ESMAP also helped Within the context of Ukraine’s sustainable  to mobilize an additional US$4 million in co- mobility effort, ESMAP funded a roadmap for financing from the government of Switzerland improving accessibility and energy efficiency to enhance EE and seismic resilience in in Odessa’s public transport system. The city public buildings. now has a solid foundation to improve cus- tomer service delivery and ensure financial In Morocco, ESMAP supported the design of  sustainability, while reducing operational costs. the country’s Lighting Transformation Program, defining the institutional, technical, financial, contractual, and legal aspects of a national The ESMAP report on Assessing and Measuring the Performance of Energy Efficiency Projects highlights good monitoring and verification practices and the need to consider the multiple benefits of EE. These efforts helped identify investments to be financed by an EE fund designed with ESMAP support. esmap.org 39 CHAPTER 6 REFORMING ENERGY SUBSIDIES IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY In 2017, about US$300 billion was spent on fossil fuel subsidies globally ESMAP’s Energy Subsidy Reform Facility (ESRF) — almost six times the amount supports governments in reducing or reforming required to achieve universal access energy subsidies. Since 2014, the facility has al- to electricity and clean cooking by located US$16 million for technical assistance that 2030. Often, energy subsidies has supported about US$9.6 billion of World Bank disproportionately benefit higher development financing. The facility’s work supports the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal income groups, while diverting the 12c (SDG12c) to phase out inefficient fossil fuel amount of public money that could subsidies. In FY2018 alone, US$3.8 million worth of be invested in health, education, and activities has helped 17 countries and two regions infrastructure. They also undermine design, implement, and solidify reforms. Technical global efforts to reach the climate assistance and analysis resulted in policy shifts in change goals as 13% of global CO2 Algeria, Madagascar, Rwanda, and Tunisia. It also underpinned US$2.54 billion in development policy emissions has been linked to the financing (DPF) for programs in Egypt, Jordan, use of subsidized fossil fuels for Madagascar, and Tunisia. consumption (IEA). 40 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Photo by © Thomas Hafeneth THE LAUNCH OF THE ENERGY SUBSIDY REFORM ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK Reforms cannot be accomplished unless governments address the issue in a holistic manner. ESMAP has published a comprehensive toolkit (the Energy Subsidy Reform Assessment Framework or ESRAF) to help countries design energy subsidy reforms, while understanding the impact of reform on the poor, the wider economy, and the environment. ESRAF comprises an Overview and Ten Good Practice Notes that present key issues for policy analysis and essential diagnostic tools. They also provide hands-on guidance on how to conduct relevant assessments, including of the political and social barriers to reform, and the design of effective public communication. esmap.org 41 Ensuring Sustainable Reforms through Long-term Support In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), In Algeria, ESMAP technical assistance has support- where price subsidies on fuels are common but ed a US$1 million World Bank Reimbursable Advi- often not well-targeted or cost-effective, ESMAP sory Service program to reform subsidies and social has supported several countries in the design of transfers. The World Bank is now working with the socially responsible reforms. government to prepare the progressive elimination of subsidies and to design a targeted cash transfer For example, in Egypt, ESMAP has been supporting program that will help to prepare for the progressive the government in addressing the economic and elimination of petroleum subsidies. social aspects of getting energy prices right. In FY2018, these efforts culminated in the delivery of ESMAP increased its support for energy subsidy an Energy Pricing Strategy by the World Bank for reform in Africa in FY2018. In Madagascar, ESMAP its clients and a report making the case for stron- technical assistance helped Malagasy authorities to ger social safety nets. Technical assistance was also transition to automatic price adjustment for gaso- provided on a 5-year tariff plan for electricity, pricing line, diesel, and kerosene. This was a crucial part of reforms for fuel, and Egypt’s new gas law. Collective- the US$45 million Public Finance Sustainability and ly, this work has formed the basis for designing key Investment DPF to strengthen Madagascar’s fiscal aspects of the US$1.1 billion World Bank Third Fiscal framework and improve the investment climate. Consolidation, Sustainable Energy, and Competi- ESMAP assistance also informed the design of tiveness Programmatic DPF, which aimed to reduce Rwanda’s First Programmatic Energy Sector DPF by energy subsidies as a percentage of GDP from 6.6% updating the projections of the fiscal and financial in FY2013–14 to 3.2% in FY2017–18. impact of expanding the electricity sector. This has laid the groundwork for consecutive DPFs to adopt A Policy Note and simulations of the impact of options for a fiscally sustainable expansion of the proposed price increases — both carried out with sector. In the medium-term, budget transfers to the ESMAP support — have informed the design of policy electricity sector will be maintained below 1.4% of actions in Tunisia’s US$500 million Investment, GDP while efficiency and affordability of electricity Competitiveness, and Inclusion DPF. Under the DPF services will be continuously improved. a first round of electricity and gas tariff adjustments has been enacted, with the target of decreasing To further facilitate knowledge exchange across energy subsidies from 1.8% of GDP in 2017 to 1.5% countries that are considering or have gone through of GDP in 2019. The government has now adopted energy subsidy reforms, ESMAP organized 9 knowledge- a policy to eliminate subsidies in the sector by 2022. sharing events and published 43 analytical reports covering 18 countries, 1 regional report on the Mid- ESMAP funded the development of a roadmap to dle East and North Africa, as well as 3 country briefs. mitigate the negative impact of electricity tariff re- ESMAP collaborated with other partners to forms on the poor, which has underpinned Jordan’s organize an event at COP23 in Bonn, Germany, First Equitable Growth and Jobs DPF. The roadmap which brought together country representatives to also guided government pilot programs on energy share their experience in designing and implementing efficiency, targeting the poor to support the country’s energy subsidy reforms. It also co-sponsored the goal of reducing cross-subsidies in the power sector Annual Conference of Ibero-American Energy and moving to cost recovery tariffs in five years. Regulators to bring subsidy reform to the forefront and engage regulators on the topic. 42 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Photo by © Westend61 / Getty Images esmap.org 43 CHAPTER 7 CLOSING GENDER GAPS Strengthening Women’s Role in the Sector ESMAP’s Gender and Social Inclusion program is helping to strengthen women’s roles as consumers, employees, and entrepreneurs in the energy sector. Over the past year, ESMAP has made gender equality an integral part of its entire portfolio, focusing on areas such as geothermal energy, mini grids, energy efficiency and behavior change, and clean cooking. ESMAP established six regional programs in Gender and Energy. As a result, over 40 World Bank energy projects now include actions to address gender inequality. AFRICA EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA supporting over 25 IDA energy projects across focusing on communication and awareness- 13 countries (Benin, Comoros, Democratic raising campaigns among women to ensure Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, equal access to energy efficiency benefits Kenya, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, São Tomé and in countries such as Belarus, Bosnia and Príncipe, Senegal, Tanzania, and Uganda), to Herzegovina, the Kyrgyz Republic, help them close gender gaps related to access, Montenegro, Serbia, and Turkey productive uses of energy, and employment. LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN EAST ASIA PACIFIC focusing on the geothermal sector, women’s safety, and the development of continuing support to Indonesia, Lao PDR, the female talent pool in countries such Myanmar, the Philippines, Tuvalu, and as Brazil, Haiti, and St. Lucia. Vietnam, on issues such as technology adoption, service delivery, and women in technical and leadership roles. 44 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA SOUTH ASIA promoting skills-building and electricity service focusing on female employment gaps in the delivery among rural populations and women in power sector across Bhutan, Bangladesh, countries such as Iraq and Morocco. India, the Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka through baseline assessments and dialogue for establishing a regional network. Photo by © Annie Spratt / Unsplash esmap.org 45 Photo by © Oladimeji Odunsi / Unsplash 46 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 In FY2018, ESMAP’s Gender Program capitalized to-face advocacy, the women’s groups were able on a transformational opportunity to bridge gender to build trust and improve accountability among gaps across Ethiopia’s entire energy sector. community members. As a result, 32% of unpaid Ethiopia still has some of the lowest gender equality bills have been collected from customers with indicators within Sub-Saharan Africa — particular- low-voltage disc meters and prepaid meters, and ly in infrastructure sectors such as energy. With the number of outstanding bills dropped by 79% support from the WBG and ESMAP, the government in 100 days in the two pilot regions. A considerable has launched a major reform of its energy sector to spike in new bill payments has also been observed. reach universal electrification by 2025, which also ensures equitable institutions and equal benefits ESMAP technical assistance helped Vietnam’s En- for women. Working together with teams from ergy Company (EVN) to put in place policies to hire across the World Bank, the program spearheaded qualified women at every level of the workforce and a first-of-its-kind approach — Closing Gender Gaps make progress on closing key employment gaps. Across Ethiopia’s Energy Sector — that looked at ENV aims to increase the share of women in leader- gender equality across the entire US$1.5 billion ship positions from 12.7% to 14.2% between 2015 World Bank energy portfolio in the country, rather and 2020 (approximately 185 new female leaders). than project by project. Stakeholder consultations Through the rollout of a Women in Leadership and identified key discrepancies between opportunities Mentoring Program, surveys show that EVN has for women and men and shaped national policy achieved early progress with an increase in female by incorporating specific actions in Ethiopia’s recruitment at the director level from 0% to 10% National Electrification Program. This has lever- and women in management from 16.2% to 17.1%. aged substantial resources for action on women’s The company is also on its way to become certified employment, gender-based violence, child care in Economic Dividends for Gender Equality (EDGE) and female entrepreneurship. The country team — the leading global assessment methodology and received the World Bank President’s Award for business certification standard for gender equality. Excellence for its pioneering work to close gender gaps across Ethiopia’s electricity sector. A new report, Getting to Gender Equality in Energy Infrastructure, looks at the social and gender A social approach piloted in the Comoros has impacts of large electricity projects, such as helped the public energy utility reduce commercial hydropower and concentrated solar plants. losses, such as nonpayment of bills, illegal connec- ESMAP is working with an array of partners to tions, and meter tampering. A behavioral analysis help identify gender data and indicators to inform and mapping exercise evaluated gender, social, and the SDG7 Tracking Report. Collaboration has been trust dynamics related to these losses. Two pilot strengthened with SEforALL’s People-Centered programs partnered with local women’s organiza- Accelerator, which supports gender equality, tions to sensitize communities and raise awareness social inclusion, and women’s empowerment. among 5,000+ energy customers. Through face- esmap.org 47 CHAPTER 8 BUILDING ENERGY RESILIENCE IN SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES Small Island Developing States (SIDS) function within a unique energy context. Relying heavily on imported fossil fuels, they are vulnerable to oil price shocks, supply interruptions, and high electricity costs. At the same time, SIDS are most affected by climate change impacts, which also pose significant risk to their current energy systems. Renewable energy holds a promise for SIDS to build resilience and secure sustainable energy. Many SIDS are pursuing new investments and embracing innovative technologies to scale up renewable energy. Estimates show that as of 2016, over 2 GW of renewable technologies were deployed on SIDS. With another US$43 billion of investment by 2030, an additional 66 GW of renewables can come online. Unlocking Investments in Renewable Energy ESMAP’s SIDS DOCK Support program is a US$22 the upcoming World Bank Dominica million effort, funded by Denmark and Japan, to Geothermal Risk Mitigation Project to finance help SIDS tap into their tremendous renewable the construction of a 5–7 MW plant. The energy potential and create sustainable energy government plans to expand the plant’s sectors. Through a US$12.5 million active portfolio capacity to 40–100 MW for future electricity over the past two years, the program has helped exports to neighboring islands. countries such as Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, Technical assistance on environmental and  and St. Vincent and the Grenadines to advance safeguard practices helped the government solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment and geothermal of St. Lucia to inform investors’ decision to energy development. finance geothermal exploration. The positive In Dominica, ESMAP support has enabled  outcome of the surface exploration activities the World Bank to provide extensive technical led to the preparation of an upcoming World assistance to the government to develop the Bank project on exploration drilling for the country’s geothermal resources. Specifically, development of a 30 MW geothermal power it helped establish benchmarks for the plant. An additional ESMAP grant and a GEF development of the Wotten Waven-Laudat grant will help address significant barriers to field and identify key steps to meet industry geothermal development. practices and international standards. The Under the World Bank Tuvalu Energy Sector  successful completion of the exploration Development Project, the ESMAP SIDS grant and drilling led to the development of aims to enhance energy security by reducing 48 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 the country’s dependence on imported fuel for power generation. In FY2018, two contracts were completed for the renewable energy investments (700 kW solar PV facility and 1 MWh energy storage system) and a wind PV pilot of 200 kW in Grenada, St. Lucia, and project to be tendered by September 2018. St. Vincent and the Grenadines. The World Bank is working with governments on the design of In Cabo Verde, as part of the World Bank  scalable models to expand the use of renewables Distributed Solar Energy System project, ESMAP in each country. has financed the provision and installation of 300 kW PV systems in six regional hospitals The Caribbean Regional Energy Initiative (CREI) and the installation of two solar water heater C-SERMS Platform has organized several outreach systems in the two main hospitals. Through activities and knowledge exchange events and this activity, it is supporting the Ministry of workshops to convene stakeholders on finding ways Energy to strengthen regulations for distributed to strengthen energy resilience in the region. The generation and funding a market assessment Caribbean Energy Resilience Workshop in October to encourage distributed energy investments 2017 attracted more than 50 participants, including in the country. regional utilities, government officials, private sector ners. An energy representatives, and development part­ On a regional level, SIDS DOCK is supporting the data platform is currently underway along with a Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) climate risk screening exercise to identify power Countries Solar PV Demonstration and Scale Up system vulnerabilities in St. Lucia and St. Vincent Project, a regional initiative focusing on scaling up and the Grenadines. commercial rooftop PV systems. The project will establish at least one commercial-scale rooftop esmap.org 49 Photo by © Annie Spratt / Unsplash 50 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 CHAPTER 9 FINANCIAL REVIEW This chapter outlines the FY2017 financial information for the three multi-donor trust funds (MDTFs) that are under ESMAP’s management and administration, namely, ESMAP, ASTAE, and SIDS DOCK. 1 Contributions In FY2018, ESMAP received a total of US$47 million from 10 donors, including the World Bank, a 16% increase from FY2017 receipts. SIDS DOCK did not receive any contributions in FY2018. Contributions in FY2018 included preferenced financing for World Bank operations, including recipient-executed activities, in Tunisia (EUR 5.5 million from Italy), Kyrgyz Republic (US$4.0 million from Switzerland), and St. Lucia (GBP 3.6 million from UK DFID) Table 9.1 presents actual receipts in FY2018 from individual donors for the MDTFs, as well as cumulative receipts since FY2017, the start of the FY2017–20 ESMAP Business Plan. In FY2018, Italy joined as a new ESMAP donor. At the end of FY2018, ESMAP has mobilized US$148 million for its FY2017–20 Business Plan, compared to the target of US$215 million. TABLE 9.1:  Donor Contributions to ESMAP and SIDS DOCK MDTFs, FY2017–18 (US$ thousands) FY2018 Paid-in ESMAP FY2017–18 Contribution / Receipts FY2012–18 Cumulative Cumulative Cum. Receipts Donor ESMAP SIDS DOCK Pledges Receipts over Cum. Pledges SIDS DOCK Australia 1,154 1,154 100.0% Austria Canada Denmark 4,093 22,459 14,976 66.7% 7,093 Finland 144 144 100.0% France Germany, of which 339 9,685 7,716 79.7% • BMUB 7,344 7,344 • BMZ 339 2,342 373 Iceland 300 2,333 1,733 74.3% Italy 6,054 6,054 6,054 100.0% Japan 15,000 Lithuania Luxembourg 1,124 1,124 100.0% Netherlands 8,152 37,078 28,925 78.0% Norway 4,119 7,754 7,754 100.0% Rockefeller Foundation 250 250 100.0% Sweden 7,401 20,772 15,254 73.4% Switzerland 8,050 12,050 8,050 66.8% United Kingdom 8,329 26,053 11,952 45.9% World Bank 202 1,000 1,000 100.0% Grand Total 47,040 147,912 106,087 71.7% 22,093 Note: Numbers may not add to totals because of rounding. 1 As set out in the Administration Agreement with ESMAP donors, the current financial information relating to the three multi-donor trust funds under ESMAP management can be accessed via the World Bank’s Trust Funds Donor Center secure website. The World Bank’s Financial Statements, as well as the Single Audit Report on Trust Funds can be accessed via the Bank’s public website for Financial Reports. esmap.org 51 Disbursements ESMAP disbursed over US$38 million in FY2018, an increase of about 10% from FY2017. Disbursement for SIDS DOCK totaled approximately US$1.7 million, an increase of about 6% from the prior fiscal year. Table 9.2 presents disbursements for the two MDTFs for FY2017–18. Costs are separated into (i) project disburse- ments by region and for global programs and (ii) disbursements for program management, administration, communications, and knowledge management. Regional activities accounted for more than 90% of disbursements, with country engagements in Africa constituting about one-third of total project disbursements. It should also be noted that the global program includes technical support by the central ESMAP unit to country/regional activities. ESMAP, ASTAE, and SIDS DOCK Disbursements, FY2015–17 (US$ thousands) TABLE 9.2:  FY2017 FY2018 ESMAP SIDS ESMAP SIDS Region/Global Program $34,511 $1,559 96% $38,110 $1,649 93% Africa 10,971 264 12,387 161 East Asia 3,787 482 3,733 576 Europe & Central Asia 3,025 2,926 Latin America & the Caribbean 2,676 813 2,281 912 Middle East & North Africa 3,128 1,435 South Asia 2,349 2,373 Global Program 8,575 12,975 Program Management, KM, & Communications $1,281 $40 4% $2,815 $13 7% Program Management 591 40 854 13 Governance (CG, TAG) 129 411 Trust Fund Administration 60 187 Portfolio Management (Monitoring & Evaluation) 27 453 Knowledge Management 7 258 Communication & Outreach 466 651 (publications, website, & other dissemination) Total $35,792 $1,599 100% $40,925 $1,661 100% Of which: Funded by Donors $35,392 $1,599 $40,722 $1,661 Funded from World Bank budget $400 $202 52 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Breakdown by Region and Thematic/Cross-Cutting Areas Table 9.3 presents disbursements by region and ESMAP’s thematic and cross-cutting areas. Annual Block Grants (ABGs) comprised the largest portion of ESMAP’s portfolio at 24%, followed by Knowledge Hub and Renewable Energy Resource Mapping, tied at 11% each, of total disbursements. Within the ABG portfolio, disbursements in the Africa Region represented 45% of the total ABG disbursements and 11% of the total ESMAP project disbursements in FY2018.  SMAP, ASTAE, and SIDS DOCK Disbursements by Program Area, FY2018 (US$ thousands) TABLES 9.3: E CROSS-CUTTING ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS ACCESS ENERGY EFFICIENCY Annual Energy SEforALL Block Subsidy Knowledge SEforALL Mini Urban Global RE Solar EE EE City Other Grants Reform Hub ECCH TA Grids Poor Lighting GGDP Mapping VRE Support Buildings Services Programs Africa 4,367 756 713 519 1,657 593 153 2,175 603 243 603 6 East Asia 510 236 2 336 3 3 95 1,233 138 391 255 530 Europe & Central Asia 772 811 178 236 69 89 244 528 1,002 174 Latin America & the Caribbean 2 2 82 233 41 207 538 Middle East & North Africa 796 374 1 24 65 17 157 South Asia 1,612 111 44 25 84 9 162 209 30 88 Global Program 4,369 733 673 823 2,396 216 559 500 758 286 301 221 536 553 52 Program Management, 2,815 KM & Communications Total $9,732 $3,285 $4,369 $2,006 $2,029 $2,942 $455 $1,246 $1,050 $4,328 $1,129 $1,196 $1,892 $2,398 $2,867 TOTAL DISBURSEMENT ESMAP SIDS Total Africa 12,387 161 12,548 East Asia 3,733 576 4,309 Europe & Central Asia 2,926 2,926 Latin America & the Caribbean 2,281 912 3,193 Middle East & North Africa 1,435 1,435 South Asia 2,373 2,373 Global Program 12,975 12,975 Program Management, Knowledge 2,815 13 2,827 Management & Communications Total $40,925 $1,661 $42,586 esmap.org 53 ABOUT ESMAP ESMAP is a multi-donor trust fund administered such as energy access, renewable energy, energy by the World Bank Group (WBG), anchored in the efficiency, energy subsidy reform, gender, commu- Energy and Extractives Global Practice in Washing- nications, and monitoring and evaluation. The unit ton, DC. As a long-standing partnership between is also responsible for the management and admin- the WBG and bilateral partners, ESMAP helps low- istration of the SIDS DOCK Multi Donor Trust Fund. and middle-income countries reduce poverty and boost growth through environmentally sustainable ESMAP is governed by a Consultative Group (CG) energy solutions. ESMAP’s analytical and advisory comprising representatives from contributing services are fully integrated within the WBG’s donors and chaired by the Senior Director of the country policy dialogue and lending programs World Bank’s Energy and Extractives Global Prac- in the energy sector. tice. The CG meets annually to review the strategic direction of ESMAP, its achievements, use of re- ESMAP’s program includes both regional and sources, and funding requirements. A Technical Ad- country-focused activities implemented primarily by visory Group (TAG) consisting of three international regional energy teams at the World Bank and global experts appointed by the CG provides informed, initiatives managed by the ESMAP program unit. independent opinions to the CG about the purpose, The ESMAP core unit of about 30 staff is responsi- strategic direction, and priorities of ESMAP. The ble for the day-to-day management of the program TAG also provides advice and suggestions to the and implementation of ESMAP’s Business Plan. The CG on current and emerging global energy sector unit comprises teams working on several areas issues likely to impact ESMAP’s client countries. OUR DONORS Australia | Department of Foreign Lithuania | Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Affairs and Trade Ministry of the Environment Austria | Federal Ministry of Finance Luxembourg | Ministry for Sustainable Denmark | Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs Development and Infrustructure European Commission The Netherlands | Ministry of Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation Finland | Ministry for Foreign Affairs Norway | Ministry of Foreign Affairs France | Agence Française de Développement The Rockefeller Foundation Germany | Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development; Federal Sweden | Swedish International Ministry for the Environment, Nature Development Cooperation Agency Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety Switzerland | Swiss State Secretariat Iceland | Ministry of Foreign Affairs for Economic Affairs Italy | Ministry of Foreign Affairs United Kingdom | Department for and International Cooperation International Development Japan | Ministry of Finance The World Bank Group 54 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Photo by © Aa Dil / Unsplash esmap.org 55 ESMAP’S THEORY OF CHANGE SDG7: Ensur cc ss to fford bl , r li bl , sust in bl , nd mod rn n r Ensure univ rs l Increase substantially Double the global rate cc ss to affordable, the share of r n w bl of improvement in reliable, and modern n r in the global n r ffici nc energy services energy mix Incr s inv stm nt in En r Acc ss, R n w bl En r , nd En r Effici nc En r Acc ss R n w bl En r En r Effici nc Pro r m Pro r m Pro r m • Efficient, Clean • Resource Assessment • City Services Cooking & Heating and Mapping • Sustainable • SEforALL TA • Global Geothermal Buildings • Mini Grids Facility • Development Plan • Urban Poor • VRE Integration • Lighting Global • Solar Scale-up Gov rnm nt, M rk ts, Pl nnin Knowl d Hub En r Subsid R form 56 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 ABBREVIATIONS ABG Annual Block Grant MTF Multi-Tier Framework ASTAE Asia Sustainable and PV photovoltaic Alternative Energy Program RE renewable energy CG Consultative Group RISE Regulatory Indicators for C-SERMS Caribbean Sustainable Energy Sustainable Energy Roadmap and Strategy SDG Sustainable Development Goal CY calendar year SEAR State of Electricity DPF development policy financing Access Report ECCH Efficient, Clean Cooking SEforALL Sustainable Energy for All and Heating SIDS Small Island Developing States EDGE Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies TA technical assistance EE energy efficiency TAG Technical Advisory Group ESROC Energy Subsidy Reform TRACE Tool for Rapid Assessment Online Community of City Energy FY fiscal year VRE variable renewable energy GCF Green Climate Fund WBG World Bank Group GEF Global Environment Facility GGDP Global Geothermal WORLD BANK REGIONS Development Plan GHG greenhouse gas AFR Sub-Saharan Africa GOGLA Global Off-Grid Lighting Association EAP East Asia and Pacific GTF Global Tracking Framework ECA Europe and Central Asia IBRD International Bank for LCR Latin American and the Caribbean Reconstruction and Development MNA Middle East and North Africa IDA International Development SAR South Asia Association IFC International Finance Corporation MDTF multi-donor trust fund Bold refers to ESMAP-managed initiatives or products. All dollar figures ($), unless otherwise specified, are in United States dollars. esmap.org 57 ANNEX A SUMMARY OF THE CONSULTATIVE GROUP MEETING FOR ENERGY TRUST-FUNDED PROGRAMS APRIL 9–11, 2018 The Consultative Group (CG) meeting for the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) was held in Washington, DC on April 9–11, 2018. This summary covers the discussions during the Open Sessions held on April 9 and 10, 2018. Mr. Riccardo Puliti, Senior Director for the World Bank (WB) Energy and Extractives Global Practice (EEX), opened the event by emphasizing the vital role that ESMAP plays within the Energy Global Practice. He highlighted ESMAP’s impacts on global policy and World Bank investment, as well as ESMAP’s global convening power, which provides a public good to all development partners. He also stressed that the demand from World Bank clients for ESMAP’s support far exceeds the resources currently available, given the scale and scope of the World Bank’s country programs in the energy sector. The CG meeting’s Open Sessions, chaired by Mr. Rohit Khanna, ESMAP Program Manager, included presentations and discussions of the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) report and ESMAP activities in the thematic and cross-cutting areas. Discussion highlights for each session are provided below. Session 1: Technical Advisory Group Report to the Consultative Group The TAG report was introduced by Mr. John Heath, TAG member, and aimed to present a strategic view of the energy sector, highlighting ESMAP’s role. He noted that off-grid options—including mini grids—and renewable energy technologies can now offer a solution to bridging the energy access gap. ESMAP’s response to this changing landscape has been positive. ESMAP has scaled up support in geospatial planning, utility reform, power system planning, and electricity markets. The TAG made recommendations for further investment in the areas of power systems planning, gender, clean cooking, and solar power resources. ▪ Energy Transition. ESMAP is a key enabler of the impacts, such as health, environment, gender, and global energy transition. ESMAP’s role can be climate. Additional donor resources are needed to further strengthened if it focuses more on scale up investments in access to clean cooking and governance and market planning, considering the heating. The Multi-Tier Framework (MTF) provides a lack of planning in many client countries. comprehensive way to measure and track progress, ▪ Gender. The TAG agreed that ESMAP has come a but more focus is needed on “clean” and health long way in terms of incorporating gender impacts. considerations across its business plan and ▪ Solar. Scaling up solar capacity is a key area for recommended a stronger next phase to cover ESMAP, but it is currently underfunded, with many gender considerations across the supply chain, client countries expressing strong interest in extending the focus to beneficiaries and suppliers. assistance with policy and planning. ▪ Clean Cooking and Heating. This sector is one of the most challenging because it has multiple Session 2: The New Monitoring and Evaluation Portal Ms. Brenda Manuel, Senior Operations Officer and lead of the ESMAP Portfolio Management team, described the features and functionalities of the new ESMAP Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) portal, a part of the new ESMAP website. The portal makes ESMAP’s portfolio data easily accessible to users who can generate customized reports esmap.org based on their information needs. Ms. Manuel demonstrated the portal to the CG, highlighting its various functions, including tracking and analysis of ESMAP activities and results. ▪ Application Programming Interface. The CG ▪ Indicators. The CG expressed interest in connecting expressed interest in building the M&E portal on an the ESMAP M&E portal and the World Bank application programming interface (API) to allow corporate scorecard indicators portal. The ESMAP cross-linkages with donor organizations’ databases. Portfolio Management team welcomes receiving The ESMAP Portfolio Management team will explore donor-reported indicators from the CG to determine the possibility of building an API, subject to their consistency with ESMAP’s own indicators, and clearance consistent with the World Bank’s Access to the potential to easily capture and provide these Information Policy. indicators within the M&E portal. Session 3: ESMAP Support to Middle East and North Africa Mr. Erik Fernstrom, Practice Manager, EEX, presented a comprehensive view of ESMAP’s support to the Middle East and North Africa (MNA) region. The region is going through a social and economic transition, leading to increased fragility and in some cases, conflict. At the economic level, several countries in the region face a lack of competitiveness, rising debt levels triggered by high subsidies, and an over-reliance on public sector service delivery. ESMAP enables the region to address these challenges and countries to benefit from their natural resources to pave the way for sustainable growth. For example, an ESMAP activity in Yemen is using geospatial planning to improve energy access and sustainability, despite the ongoing conflict. ESMAP also supports concentrating solar power (CSP) and the development of a national program of efficient public lighting in Morocco and geothermal exploration in Djibouti. The ESMAP Energy Subsidy Reform Facility (ESRF) is assisting the governments of Egypt and Lebanon to address the economic and social aspects of getting energy prices right. ESMAP is also supporting energy for development in the West Bank and Gaza. ▪ Gender. While ESMAP has done an excellent job of ▪ Conflict. The CG expressed interest in examining mainstreaming gender in its activities, the CG would how to rebuild energy sector infrastructure after like to see more proactivity to support female conflicts. To rebuild stronger sectors, ESMAP should entrepreneurs, increase women’s participation in the consider solutions in refugee and migrant job market, and ensure that subsidy reform analyzes communities that could be replicated when refugees gender impacts. return to their home countries. ▪ Refugees and Migrants. Countries and ▪ Concentrating Solar Power. Success in CSP across humanitarian organizations are requesting the region has encouraged other countries to invest assistance for long-term infrastructure for refugees. in the technology. The World Bank Noor-Ouarzazate Further, while utility systems are being strengthened CSP project in Morocco has created local jobs, in some countries, migrants often lack steady reduced emissions, and lowered the cost of CSP incomes to access services. The CG notes that technology. Knowledge sharing between countries ESMAP support is needed both in developing and replication have begun and are expected to infrastructure and in increasing access to services. continue. Session 4: ESMAP Support to Africa Ms. Karen Bazex, Senior Energy Specialist, EEX; Mr. Rahul Kitchlu, Senior Energy Specialist EEX; and Ms. Ani Balabanyan, Lead Energy Specialist, EEX, discussed the World Bank’s comprehensive engagement in Africa, which is focused on four goals: achieving universal access by 2030, accelerating Africa’s energy transition, building operationally and financially viable utilities, and integrating regional energy systems. ESMAP has provided crucial support to Africa across all these areas. ▪ Ethiopia’s Electricity Sector. ESMAP has been NEP informed the preparation of the US$375 million instrumental in supporting the country’s overall Ethiopia Electrification Program. ESMAP is also sector reform. The Ethiopia Energy Sector Review strengthening the overall “access ecosystem” and Strategy led to the development of the National through knowledge from Regulatory Indicators for Electrification Program (NEP) Implementation Sustainable Energy (RISE), Multi-Tier Framework Roadmap for grid and off grid access. In turn, the (MTF) national baseline, national geographic ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 information system (GIS) platform, M&E system, and ▪ Clean Cooking. The ESMAP team outlined its work knowledge exchanges. In addition, it has supported in promoting clean cooking solutions through the the government’s renewable energy Independent ESMAP-supported Africa Clean Cooking Energy Power Project (IPP) Reform Program through the Solutions (ACCES) initiative. In Ethiopia, for example, preparation of a wind atlas, as well as ongoing wind urban areas are already using electric cookstoves measurements in specific sites. These will be used to due to low electricity prices, but there is a need to launch wind power transactions to promote private promote high-efficiency electric cooking devices sector participation. and expand access to more populations. ▪ Nigeria’s Power Sector Recovery Program. ▪ Hydropower. The World Bank’s regional strategy ESMAP-funded diagnostic work and analytics were supports hydropower projects, but approaches critical to guide the ongoing sector reform. A differ in each country based on least-cost working group was established to prepare a Power investment options to diversify power supply. While Sector Recovery Program, aiming to restore the ESMAP support has been limited, it funded a sector’s financial viability, improve power supply to regional study analyzing hydropower trends in meet demand, strengthen institutional frameworks, Africa. enhance transparency and stakeholder engagement, ▪ Geospatial Analysis. The CG expressed concern implement policies that promote investor about the cost of geospatial analysis, which can be confidence, and establish a contract-based high when conducted on a country-by-country electricity market. basis. The team responded that it is conducting sub- ▪ Regional Power Trade. ESMAP’s assistance on regional geospatial analyses in East Africa, South power pools is focusing on defining pragmatic Africa, and West Africa. roadmaps for World Bank support to power trade ▪ Clean Energy. The World Bank is promoting clean and addressing a key obstacle to regional trade, energy by building the capacity of regional namely payment arrears for cross-border organizations (such as ECOWAS Centre for transactions in West Africa. ESMAP-supported Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency [ECREE] in analysis and recommendations were presented to West Africa) to design programs, take ownership of Ministers of the West African Power Pool and are program implementation, and coordinate national actors. Through the Lighting Africa and Lighting informing the preparation of various operations to Global programs, ESMAP is supporting help secure cross-border payments. decentralized solar solutions in Africa. Session 5: Renewable Energy Mr. Oliver Knight, Senior Energy Specialist, ESMAP, presented the Renewable Energy Thematic Area, which includes four windows (Geothermal, Renewable Energy Resource Mapping, Solar Scale-Up, and Variable Renewable Energy [VRE] Grid Integration) and the Small Island Developing States trust fund (the SIDS DOCK Support Program). Over the past year, ESMAP has observed a sustained increase in demand from clients and World Bank task teams and has made considerable efforts to provide wholesale solutions that are applicable to multiple teams and clients. ESMAP foresees that many projects will span multiple windows and is planning to scale up support on solar projects to respond to and encourage diversification of the portfolio (i.e., floating and rooftop solar, and storage). A proposal to add support for on- and offshore wind was also presented. The discussion included the following key points: ▪ Funding. To continue this work at the current scale, planning, and new geospatial planning tools with additional funding is needed. The Renewable Energy global relevance. Initiative has approved activities totaling US$13.2 ▪ Geothermal. The CG suggested that more work is million, with an additional US$5.5 million in the needed on geothermal heating in temperate-climate pipeline for FY2019/20. Assuming a similar level of client countries. ESMAP noted that energy demand demand for new activities, funding will fall short by growth, confirmed geothermal resources, and a cool US$8.7 million (conservative estimate). Additional climate are a rare combination and there may not funding will enable expanded support for solar be adequate client demand for substantial power, wind power (especially offshore wind), assistance in geothermal district heating and strengthened VRE integration and power system industrial energy. esmap.org ▪ Global Solar Atlas and the Global Wind Atlas. The proposals for support to storage related both to CG was pleased to see that use of these tools is Solar and VRE windows. Weak regulatory steadily increasing (the Global Solar Atlas has environments for storage affects cost recovery in already reached 10,000 users per month). ESMAP many developing countries, hampering scale-up. anticipates updates to these tools in FY2019 to ESMAP or climate finance support could help improve data quality and usability. For the Global improve understanding about technologies and Wind Atlas, the resolution will soon be increased to markets to help strengthen implementation. 250m from 1km. The data from both websites are ▪ Wind Power Proposal. ESMAP proposes additional increasingly used by other institutions. For instance, support on wind power, noting that it lags behind data has been included in the IRENA Global Atlas solar activities in the World Bank’s pipeline. Yet, and integrated into country geospatial models onshore wind prices are comparable to solar, and developed by the National Renewable Energy offshore wind could be a viable medium-term Laboratory (NREL): https://www.re-explorer.org/. opportunity in several countries. ESMAP proposes ▪ Planning and Power Markets. ESMAP sees an extending support on solar to onshore wind, and increased focus on planning across all regions and most likely a new program to support offshore wind interest in understanding commercial and market- that is modeled on the original proposal for the related constraints and barriers for increasing Global Geothermal Development Plan, to be renewable energy penetration. For example, developed in close partnership with IFC. To ESMAP’s VRE Grid Integration and the Power System implement this, ESMAP needs experienced staff, Planning teams have received several requests to stronger donor engagement, and additional help minimize curtailment due to both technical and funding. The CG was very supportive of the commercial constraints. Going forward, ESMAP will proposal, noting the strong client interest, as emphasize both planning and market development. evident from an international training event in the ▪ Small Island Developing States. The support Netherlands in 2017. The CG also highlighted that program is being implemented at a relatively offshore wind can be attractive if developed in satisfactory rate. Projects delayed mainly due to proximity to large coastal and river delta metropoles local constraints are now picking up pace. With the to avoid constraints in transmission and land second tranche of the Japanese contribution (US$6 availability. The CG emphasized that ESMAP and the million) supporting projects in Dominica, the World Bank should consider the Maximizing Finance Solomon Islands, and St. Lucia, the SIDS program for Development (MFD) approach and welcomed will be fully committed. ESMAP presented detailed the suggested focus on public investments in information on the program to the Japanese evacuation infrastructure, preparatory studies, and Executive Director’s Office and the Danish CG integrated planning, while leaving investments in member in separate meetings. generation assets generally to the private sector. ▪ Energy Storage. Increased client demand on ESMAP intends to prepare a more detailed proposal storage is evident as ESMAP has received several for consideration by interested CG members. Session 6: Governance, Markets, and Planning Ms. Vivien Foster, Lead Economist, EEX, presented the Rethinking Power Sector Reform initiative that focuses on themes, such as political economy, utility restructuring and governance, regulation, cost recovery, power markets, and technology disruption. Preliminary findings highlighted a wide geographic variation in the uptake of reform pointing out significant gaps between the reforms announced and those implemented. Many World Bank client countries fall in the category of limited uptake of reform. The discussion emphasized the importance of identifying to what extent reforms had discernible impacts on power sector performance. When the technical phase of work is completed in 2018, it will provide an important opportunity for stakeholder dialogue and consensus building. A flagship report and series of policy papers are planned. development. The proposed facility would support World Hydropower Preparation Facility Proposal Bank efforts to scale up hydropower to meet its Climate Mr. Pravin Karki, Senior Hydropower Specialist and Action Plan and renewable energy targets. The examples Global Lead, EEX, presented a proposal for creating a of Nepal and Papua New Guinea were presented to new Hydropower Preparation Facility under ESMAP to show how solid upstream work and risk management finance technical and analytical work on hydropower ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 could lead to socially and environmentally responsible Grids. It aims to standardize support on dispatch hydropower development. The discussion focused on the diagnosis, least-cost analysis, climate co-benefit following topics: assessment, and transmission analysis, and to address demand in new areas such as access, country Nationally ▪ Hydropower’s New Role. A CG member Determined Contributions (NDCs), and resilience, among highlighted the untapped potential of hydropower, others. To meet growing demand across regions, ESMAP the importance of project preparation, and the needs to scale up and accelerate its support to about 30 environmental and social aspects, and encouraged additional countries. The funding gap to achieve these CG members to support the implementation of this facility. It was also pointed out that hydropower can goals is estimated at US$1 million for 2018–20. The allow for more development of wind and solar discussion focused on the following topics: plants. ▪ Capacity Building. This area is an integral part of ▪ Environmental and Social Standards. The CG the work. For example, through training and other pointed to the importance of better designed activities, Bangladesh has improved its institutional hydropower projects and inquired whether the capacity to update its energy master plan. The CG World Bank can play a lead role in ensuring these stressed the importance of an open source model projects have adequate environmental and social that allows country staff to be involved in the design standards. The CG also highlighted that more needs process. to be done in Africa and that the World Bank can ▪ Integration. The ESMAP team pointed that while move the agenda forward, building on its there could be some overlap, VRE integration is not experience and convening power. The CG pointed just grid-scale integration but also distributed out that in some countries, water scarcity may affect integration, and covers more than planning, hydropower planning. The World Bank team including utility regulation, grid codes, and market confirmed that it is considering these limitations design issues. A well-coordinated program is when assisting clients to develop their hydropower needed between the two areas of work. capacity. ▪ Nationally Determined Contributions. The ESMAP ▪ Private and Public Investment. CG members team noted that going beyond electricity to cover pointed out that there is strong interest from private other sectors in addressing targets set in country parties to engage in hydropower development and NDCs would require adding team capacity for that World Bank engagement builds trust and incorporating sector-wide models. confidence for the private sector to engage in this ▪ Coordination with DFID’s Strategic Energy area. Planning White Paper. The principles and the concept of a White Paper were developed by the World Bank for further discussion with partner Power Systems Planning organizations during the SEforALL Forum in Lisbon. Mr. Debabrata Chattopadhyay, Senior Energy Specialist, The ESMAP team agreed to reflect the outcomes of EEX, highlighted ESMAP’s role in providing technical the discussion in the document. support to World Bank clients, regions, and project teams. ESMAP’s work in this area is closely linked with Renewable Energy—especially VRE integration—and Energy Access—especially Geospatial Planning and Mini Session 7: Energy Subsidy Reform Facility Ms. Sheoli Pargal, Lead Energy Economist, ESMAP, presented the progress and achievements of the Energy Subsidy Reform Facility (ESRF). She highlighted the multifaceted approach of reforming subsidies and provided an overview of the ESRF strategy going forward. New directions include improving utility performance and repeating engagements to deepen and consolidate reform through the World Bank’s policy lending and IMF programs. The discussion focused on the following issues: ▪ Budget and Targets. The CG inquired if the ESRF the current acceleration in demand is expected to can use its remaining budget of US$14 million in the help disburse the budget. The ESMAP team also next two years, to which the ESMAP team noted that noted that it will strengthen collaboration with other esmap.org ESMAP teams on cross-cutting topics, which would to a scale-up for renewable energy. In response to a also stimulate demand for more comprehensive CG remark on whether utility underperformance fell approaches to subsidy reform. Overall, the facility is within the scope of the ESRF, the ESMAP team on track with respect to results and commitments pointed out that it underlies many existing subsidies under the business plan. The target on policy and in client countries. regulatory reforms to be achieved was increased ▪ Energy Efficiency. In response to the CG’s from three countries to five. The ESMAP team comment on relevance of energy efficiency and considers this target to mean subsidy reductions, subsidy reform, the ESMAP team agreed that energy although policy and regulatory reforms that efficiency is an integral part of the process, citing contribute toward a reduction of subsidies are much the example of Ukraine where a fund for energy broader and have been implemented in many efficiency is being set up following subsidy reform countries. to invest in energy efficiency. However, there is ▪ Smart Reform. The CG asked to what extent the often reluctance to prioritize subsidy reform as a key facility is pursuing “smart reforms,” whereby to addressing energy inefficiency because of the resources freed up by subsidy reforms are associated barriers to reform. redirected to transform the energy sector. The ▪ Collaboration with GSI and OECD. Providing ESMAP team indicated that the ESRF is broadly further details on the GSI and OECD collaboration, embracing this approach by embedding technical the ESMAP team explained that cooperation assistance within broader sector reform dialogue, primarily focuses on knowledge exchange. There is including strengthening utility creditworthiness, and routine dialogue with GSI and its partnership is encouraging investment in renewable energy. In sought in the coming year to prepare a knowledge- Egypt, for example, successful subsidy reductions sharing event. following ESMAP and World Bank support have led Session 8: Energy Efficiency Ms. Martina Bosi, Senior Energy Economist and Mr. Ivan Jaques, Senior Energy Specialist, provided an overview of ESMAP’s Energy Efficient Cities thematic area, which focuses on Energy Efficient City Services and Efficient and Sustainable Buildings. They highlighted the program’s cross-sectoral approach and provided examples of successful engagements. For the second half of the business plan, they proposed to continue the scale-up of energy efficiency (EE) through sustainable delivery models and financing mechanisms, engage in new areas such as pilot auction models for green buildings and electric mobility, and integrate EE with other sectors’ activities and objectives , such as resilience and clean cooling. The team expects that these efforts will reveal many untapped opportunities and enhance demand for ESMAP support. CG members commended the progress of this work and its cross-sectoral approach, as well as the efforts to mobilize private sector financing. The ESMAP team was encouraged to improve the results narrative around the impact of this work. The discussion focused on the following issues: ▪ Budget and Prioritization. The CG inquired about ▪ New Demand. The ESMAP team noted the the budget surplus for the Efficient and Sustainable increased demand for urban EE, especially in Africa, Buildings window to which the ESMAP team where prioritizing and implementing EE has been specified that the US$4 million surplus is due to the more challenging than in other regions. A regional additional Swiss State Secretariat for Economic ESMAP activity in Botswana, Ghana, and Zambia Affairs (SECO) contribution for the Kyrgyz Republic aims to identify EE investment opportunities and energy efficiency project and that more than 50% of establish a regional facility to strengthen capacity. the total amount has already been disbursed or The team can potentially expand to other countries allocated. The CG also asked about activity and it is working with development partners to prioritization given that demand exceeds the ensure complementarity. available budget. The team prioritizes activities based on ESMAP’s Business Plan and the World Bank’s Climate Change Action Plan, link to ▪ Barriers and Incentives to Energy Efficiency. The operations, focus on IDA and energy transition CG inquired about barriers and incentives to countries, and potential for replication. mainstreaming EE. The ESMAP team responded that it is working with clients on customized delivery ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 models and financing mechanisms and pushing for example, EE is one of the key action areas to longer-term engagements to support broader client reducing greenhouse gas emissions and local air development goals. An example is Brazil, where the pollution. Electric mobility has the potential to engagement began with two city energy diagnostics transform transport and energy systems and the and evolved into an array of analytical work that led ESMAP team plans to do more to help countries to financing mechanisms to increase private sector create the right enabling environment. The Cooling investments in energy efficiency in public lighting agenda is also a key area for collaboration; in fact, and industry. the Efficient and Sustainable Buildings initiative, ▪ Collaboration with Other Global Practices. The which is set up to also cover appliances, proposes to ESMAP team indicated that it evaluates World Bank partner with the World Bank’s Montreal Protocol Global Practice (GP) priorities and objectives before team to advance work in this area. proposing ways to mainstream EE. In Transport, for Session 9: Knowledge Hub, including GTF, MTF, RISE, & SEAR Ms. Elisa Portale, Senior Energy Specialist, ESMAP, presented four knowledge products developed to track the sustainable development goal on energy (SDG7)—Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report (formerly known as the Global Tracking Framework), the Multi-Tier Framework (MTF), the Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy (RISE), and the State of Energy Access Report (SEAR)—highlighting their interconnection and the complementarity. The CG noted that this work is very valuable and expressed interest in strengthening the connection among these products. The ESMAP team and CG members agreed on a more robust effort to communicate findings, to strengthen ESMAP’s visibility as the coordinating mechanism for these products, to explore coordination of indicators through the MTF, and to mobilize stakeholders for more investment in clean cooking. Specific points raised include ▪ Impact of this Knowledge. The CG praised the lower-tier cookstoves. Unfortunately, not all work completed and asked for examples of country- countries see this as a priority and both the CG and specific impacts. The ESMAP team shared the cases ESMAP agreed that there should be more effort to of Rwanda and Cambodia where MTF findings are strengthen client interest. already impacting national planning. Rwanda ▪ Updating State of Energy Access Report. The CG accepted the MTF module into its national survey, raised concerns about the future SEAR and the use which will help sustain a longer-term effort to track of its findings. The ESMAP team mentioned that the progress. qualitative nature of SEAR’s content determines the ▪ Clean Cooking. The CG expressed an interest in frequency of the report and assured the CG that more data on clean cooking. The ESMAP team SEAR has been quoted and referenced in impact stressed that the MTF provides detailed data on evaluations, case studies, and elsewhere. The MTF cooking and impacts, never available before. The provides grid and off grid data and could be used to team has also been in dialogue with GACC, complement SEAR. CG suggested producing Endev/GIZ, and WHO to help develop a framework another edition of SEAR focusing on clean cooking. to better capture the health implications of using Session 10: Energy Access ESMAP Senior Energy Specialists Ms. Dana Rysankova, Mr. Jon Exel, and Ms. Yabei Zhang, and Energy Specialist Ms. Rutu Dave updated the CG on the Energy Access thematic area, which includes the Efficient and Clean Cooking and Heating (ECCH) initiative, as well as a comprehensive approach to accelerate electrification through the SEforALL Technical Assistance Program, Global Mini Grid Facility, Lighting Global, and Urban Poor initiative. The discussion focused on the following issues: ▪ Increased Importance of Energy Access. With the geospatial planning tools, Lighting Global, and Mini recent call for proposals and collaborators across Grids. The Urban Poor initiative is also picking up GPs such as Health, Environment, and Agriculture, momentum while ECCH is strengthening crucial demand for ESMAP support has increased internal partnerships across sectors and with significantly. Demand is especially high for external stakeholders. Demand on electricity access esmap.org is large in Sub-Saharan Africa where the World Bank ▪ Mini Grids. The discussion focused on operators is supporting a multibillion-dollar effort to help and project developers, which include (i) local countries design projects. ESMAP is building team operators (small to medium businesses), (ii) capacity to meet this demand but more resources intermediaries (international specialized developers), may be needed. and (iii) large global corporations that are moving ▪ Electric Cooking and Mini Grids. Household from high-income countries to low-income affordability was discussed. The examples of countries. The ESMAP team is conducting a Ethiopia, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan show benchmark study to track the costing of mini grids that low electricity prices are incentives to use more including the individual components. The team has electricity for cooking. In many African countries, also initiated discussions with several partners to where prices are high, electric cookstoves are less of bring the overall mini grid development costs down. an option for poor households. The ESMAP team One way to reduce cost is by inviting developers to will explore the option of using mini grids to provide submit business plans requesting minimum subsidy affordable electricity for cooking. levels. ▪ Results-Based Financing. The ESMAP team is ▪ Donor Coordination at the Country Level. The CG collaborating with the World Bank health team on pointed out that ESMAP should further strengthen using the averted disability adjusted life years coordination of World Bank/ESMAP activities with (ADALYs) as an indicator to measure the health donors at the country level. The ESMAP team impacts that can lay a foundation for a results-based agreed and noted that is has been promoting this financing (RBF) mechanism that incentivizes health, type of coordination by organizing learning events gender, and climate co-benefits. (for example, the latest mini grid event in Nigeria) that provide an opportunity for all partners to ▪ Urban Poor. ESMAP’s experience in providing safe, discuss and coordinate. In Kenya, the ESMAP team is legal, and affordable electricity connections for expanding relevant working groups for better urban slum populations can be replicated for the coordination. The World Bank is also part of the forcibly displaced and refugee host communities in Energy Africa dialogue, where most countries are urban and peri-urban areas. Kenya, for example, part of donor working groups, and it is also wanted to offer solutions to host communities but collaborating with the Alliance for the Sahel, lacked the tools to target beneficiaries. Therefore, a initiated by France. partnership with the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) has been initiated to tackle this type of data challenge and benefit host country projects by providing access to UNHCR’s data and on-the- ground expertise. Session 11: Gender and Energy Ms. Vanessa Lopes Janik, Operations Officer, ESMAP, presented the progress of the Gender and Energy work, highlighting its impact on World Bank projects. She also focused on how it strengthened knowledge and established linkages with other ESMAP areas such as geothermal, energy efficiency, and clean cooking initiatives. CG members were pleased with the accomplishments of the work on gender and expressed interest in exploring new areas such as women in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM); energy workforce; childcare; etc. They also noted that ESMAP should continue to play a key role globally in this area. Topics raised include ▪ Practical Experiences in World Bank Projects. The throughout implementation and completion. The CG commended the experience in Africa and East ESMAP team follows a learn-by-doing approach to Asia and the Pacific and the new regional gender help cope with large demand and is working closely and energy programs. ESMAP has helped develop a with Social and Gender units across the World Bank. strong repository of best practices and practical The CG was keen to learn more about how gender experiences, as well as a roster of global gender can be incorporated in the transport sector. The experts. To meet the World Bank corporate goals on ESMAP team highlighted a project in Brazil to show gender equality, demand continues for ESMAP the impact of improved street lighting on women. support not only during project design but also ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 ▪ Partnerships and Knowledge. The CG wanted to engineers are included in the projects and the learn more about strengthening partnerships. The energy sector. In terms of childcare, some initial ESMAP team responded that it has strengthened its work is being done regarding working with utilities outreach through knowledge-sharing events, the to improve working conditions for women and new People’s Centered Accelerator, and a new work families, for example, in Ethiopia and Vietnam. stream on data. ESMAP closely collaborates with ▪ Women and Off-Grid Solar Energy. The CG raised ENERGIA, UN Women, USAID, IUCN, ECOWAS- a question about increasing women’s access to and ECREE, and many others. An e-course on Gender participation in the off-grid solar sector. The ESMAP and Energy was converted to a self-paced course team responded that while more work needs to be that also offers niche modules within the gender done in this area, there are successful examples. In sphere. A Technical Report, Getting to Gender Gaza, a World Bank project ensures women have Equality in Electricity Infrastructure, was also recently better access to solar energy and business training published and disseminated. and it provides support to small and medium ▪ Gender Inclusion, Women in the Workforce, and enterprises. In Haiti, a World Bank project provides Childcare. The CG was keen on exploring these new financing to the private sector to ensure female areas. In Morocco, a World Bank project promoted participation in the supply chain of new off-grid gender inclusion in STEM fields and as a result, projects. additional financing is now ensuring female Session 12: Communications Strategy and Knowledge Management Action Plan Ms. Nansia Constantinou, Communications Officer, ESMAP, provided an update on the communications work. She presented how the team responded to the CG’s requests from the previous year to strengthen ESMAP’s brand, communicate results, and establish linkages with partners/influencers on media and social platforms. She also highlighted the successful launch of the new ESMAP website, which grew online audiences by almost 150%, and ESMAP’s new interactive Annual Report promoted on online channels, which generated almost 60,000 pageviews. Following her presentation, Ms. Heather Austin, Publishing Associate/Knowledge Management Coordinator, ESMAP, summarized the progress in implementing ESMAP’s knowledge management strategy. This includes the creation of targeted knowledge products based on audience needs and a revamped branding and publications strategy. The CG commented on the progress of this work, noting a stronger visibility for ESMAP in several global events. Specific issues raised include ▪ Coordination with Donor Communications ▪ Website. The CG noted that the donor countries Teams. Per the CG’s suggestion to strengthen were not among the top visitors to ESMAP’s coordination with donor communications teams, the website. The ESMAP team responded that messages ESMAP team agreed to develop a plan and align were targeted to audiences that are more likely to outreach. It will also flag relevant content to donors be from developing countries. The team also and relevant partners through a targeted strategy mentioned that selected content is also made based on stakeholder mapping. available in other languages to reach country- ▪ Social Media. The CG suggested highlighting specific audiences. The average time spent on the cooperation with donors and partners on social website was discussed based on metrics about media to help strengthen the conversation. The energydata.info. The ESMAP team noted longer ESMAP team noted that it ran multiple social media times are not necessarily an indicator of a successful campaigns, which included hashtags of donors and site as users may visit a site for very specific partners, but agreed to strengthen these references information (i.e., downloading a report). CG in the future. members suggested using energypedia.com to link ESMAP content with specific countries or regions. Another suggestion was to produce a brief overview video on ESMAP’s mission to which the ESMAP team noted that it was already in production. esmap.org ANNEX B RESULTS AND TARGETS ACHIEVED FOR FY2017–20 BUSINESS PLAN Regions: AFR = Africa LAC = Latin America and the Caribbean EAP = East Asia and Pacific MNA = Middle East and North Africa ECA = Europe and Central Asia SAR = South Asia Region TARGETS FOR FY2017–20 RESULTS ACHIEVED FY2017–18 BUSINESS PLAN ANNUAL BLOCK GRANTS FOR GOVERNANCE, MARKETS AND PLANNING 10 countries confirm using the 6 out of 10 results of ESMAP‐supported 1) Bangladesh — support to the Government, the regulator, and energy sector assessments in system operator on the requirements for transition to a market policy decisions regime that will enable Bangladesh to participate in a power market; 2) Jordan — Recommendations to National Electric Power Company’s (NEPCO's) management and board of directors lead to NEPCO's board approving an organizational restructuring; 3) Kenya — Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC), regulations have been analyzed and recommendations for amendments made; 4) Madagascar — Standard Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and Standard Concession Agreements (CAs), and Safeguard frameworks for small hydro IPPs have been prepared, expected to inform the Government on competitive processes for the development of small hydro with private sector investments. 5) Serbia — first systematic assessment of the natural gas sector in Serbia, including developing draft reform measures for addressing the financial distress and unstainable debt of the natural gas utility and by developing methodology for investment assessment; and 6) Vietnam — Develop for Vietnam Electricity Utility (EVN) a comprehensive strategy for unbundling and divesting its generation assets, including a timeline for the launch of IPO/strategic investor transactions; Preparation of 10 new 35 operations informed (exceeded the target) investment and TA lending Mobilization of co-financing or other financiers in 5 out of 10 countries operations, 10 existing operations informed; mobilization of private sector investment and other non-bank resources facilitated in 10 countries esmap.org Clients in 20 countries confirm 16 out of 20 enhanced institutional capacity Ghana, Haiti, Jordan, Kenya, Liberia, Moldova, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, to improve the performance of Uzbekistan, and the Greater Mekong Sub-Region (Vietnam, Thailand, the power sector Lao PDR, China, Cambodia, Myanmar) 5 countries provided with 4 out of 5 technical assistance for project 1) Water, Electricity and Urban Development Project (PEEDU - implementation P106975); 2) Kenya Off-grid Solar Access Project for Underserved Countries (P160009); 3) Ghana Energy Sector Transformation Initiative Project (P163984); and 4) Myanmar: National Electrification Project (P152936); ENERGY ACCESS | EFFICIENT CLEAN COOKING AND HEATING 4 cooking heating country program 3 out of 4 operations or activities developed in 1) Kenya Off Grid Solar Access Project (P160009) the lending portfolio, of which 2 2) Kyrgyzstan Heat Supply Improvement Project (P157079) with an explicit approach for improved equity of male and female 3) Bangladesh RERED II cooking component (P165400) participation across the value chain 2 countries or programs with new or 3 out of 2 (exceeded the target) updated enabling and regulatory 1) The East African Community Customs Union approved reduction frameworks of import duty rate from 25% to 10% for appliance for solid fuel (Legal Notice No. EAC/32/2016). 2) Hebei province of China adopted the updated stoves emission standard and testing protocol and the results-based incentive mechanism in its stove promotion program. 3) Indonesia national standard body has upgraded its national standard for cookstoves to adopt the Indonesia Clean Stove Initiative-Water Heating Test (CSI-WHT). 4 enterprises that are “new 21 out of 4 (exceeded the target) entrants” in a specific country or 10 new enterprises in Indonesia and 11 in Uganda market segment for clean cooking and heating ENERGY ACCESS | GLOBAL FACILITY ON MINI GRIDS 3 new World Bank operations 5 out of 3 (exceeded the target) informed 1) Niger Solar Electricity Access Project (P160170) 2) Haiti Renewable Energy for All (P156719) 3) Haiti Modern Energy Services for All (P154351) 4) Kenya Off-Grid Solar Access Project (K-OSAP) (P160009) 5) Nigeria Electrification Project (NEP) (P161885) US$50 million of concessional funds US$253.1M out of US$50M (exceeded the target) mobilized • Haiti: US$3M IDA Investments • Haiti: US$25.1M IDA Investments • Kenya: US$40M IDA Investments esmap.org • Niger: US$35M IDA Investments • Nigeria: US$150M IDA Investments 5 countries supported for project 6 out of 5 (exceeded the target) identification and preparation 1) Haiti Renewable Energy for All (P156719); 2) Haiti Modern Energy Services for All (P154351); 3) Kenya: Off-grid Solar Access Project for Underserved Counties (P160009); 4) Nepal Private Sector-Led Mini-Grid Energy Access Project (P149239); 5) Niger Solar Electricity Access Project (P160170); and 6) Nigeria Electrification Project (P151885) 5 countries provided with technical 6 out of 5 assistance for project implementation 1) Ghana: Additional Financing for Energy Development and Access Project (P147878); 2) Liberia Renewable Energy Access (P149683); 3) Mali Rural Electrification Hybrid System Project (P131084); 4) Myanmar: National Electrification Project (P152936); 5) Rwanda Renewable Energy Fund (P160699); and 6) Tanzania Energy Development & Access Expansion Project (P101645) ENERGY ACCESS | LIGHTING GLOBAL At least 8 World Bank projects with 8 out of 8 solar off‐grid components Lighting Africa/Lighting Global-supported projects with sizeable supporting growth of sustainable off-grid components were approved in FY2018, including: markets, mobilizing private sector funding 1) Niger Solar Electricity Access Project (P160170) 2) Rwanda Renewable Energy Fund Project (P160699) 3) Zambia Electricity Service Access Project (P162760) 4) Kenya Off Grid Solar Access Project (P160009) 5) Haiti Modern Energy Services for All (P156719) 6) Haiti Renewable Energy for All Project (P154351) 7) Pakistan Sindh Solar Energy Project (P159712) 8) Nigeria Electrification Project (P161885) ENERGY ACCESS | URBAN POOR ELECTRICITY ACCESS PROGRAM 2 World Bank energy access 3 out of 2 (exceeded the target) projects supported 1) Argentina Metropolitan Buenos Aires Urban Transformation Project (P159843) 2) Yemen Integrated Urban Services Emergency Project (P164190) 3) Yemen Emergency Electricity Access Project (P163777) 2 projects with expanded scope 3 out of 2 (exceeded the target) of beneficiaries 1) Democratic Republic of Congo: Rehabilitation of Distribution Grids 2) Dominican Republic: Distribution Grid Modernization and Loss Reduction ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 3) Yemen: Support to Recovery of Electricity Services in Yemen: Emergency Electricity Access Project and Power Sector Recovery and Reconstruction Program 2 South‐South exchanges 1 out of 2 conducted Kenya Electricity Expansion Project (P153179) brought together utility experts from Rio Light, EPM, and Eskom ENERGY ACCESS | SEforALL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 5 countries have been supported in 5 of 5 the definition and implementation Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia of energy sector-wide approaches and tools At least 4 existing geospatial plans 2 out of 4 improved Support provided for update of Kenya and Myanmar geospatial electrification plans ENERGY EFFICIENCY | ENERGY EFFICIENT CITY SERVICES At least 8 World Bank Group 15 out of 8 (exceeded the target) operations informed 15 operations informed by grants: Existing: 1. Albania: Project for Integrated Urban and Tourism Development (PIUTD) (P155875) – approved by the Board in FY17 2. Argentina Metropolitan Buenos Aires Urban Transformation Project (P159843) – approved by the Board in FY17 3. Kazakhstan Energy Efficiency Project (P130013) – approved by the Board in FY13 4. Ukraine District Heating Energy Efficiency Project (P132741) – approved by the Board in FY14 5. Uzbekistan Bukhara and Samarkand Sewerage Project (P112719) – approved by the Board in FY10 6. Uzbekistan Syrdarya Water Supply Project (P111760) – approved by the Board in FY11 7. Uzbekistan Alat and Karakul Water Supply Project (P118197) – approved by the Board in FY13 8. Vietnam Energy Efficiency for Industrial Enterprises Project (P151086) – approved by the Board in FY17 New (approved by the Board in FY18): 1. Brazil FinBRAZEEC: Financial Instruments for Brazil Energy Efficient Cities (P162455) 2. China Liaoning Safe and Sustainable Urban Water Supply project (P158713) 3. Côte d’Ivoire Greater Abidjan Port – City Integration Project (P159697) 4. India Energy Efficiency Scale-up Program (P162849) 5. Kyrgyz Heat Supply Improvement Project (P157079) 6. Lebanon Greater Beirut Public Transport Project (P160224) 7. Uzbekistan District Heating Energy Efficiency Project (P146206) esmap.org Support at least 30 34 out of 30 (exceeded target) cities/regions/countries with ESMAP is providing technical assistance for energy efficiency city plans technical assistance on energy efficient city services or projects in 34 cities/regions/countries, including: • FY17: Argentina (Buenos Aires), China (Anshan, Fushun, Fuxin, Gaizhou, Metropolitan Shanghai, Shenyang), Kazakhstan (Almaty, At least 20 city plans or projects Astana), Panama, Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar), Ukraine (Chernihiv, informed Dnipro, Kamianets-Podilsky, Kherson, Kharkiv, Mykolaiv, Odessa, Ternopil) • FY18: Botswana, Brazil, India (Kolkata, Shimla and nationwide), Egypt (Cairo), Georgia (Tbilisi), Ghana, Indonesia, Morocco, Serbia (Belgrade), Uzbekistan (Namangan and nationwide), Vietnam, and Zambia. ENERGY EFFICIENCY | EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS1 At least 10 buildings‐related World 10 out of 10 Bank Group operations include 1) Argentina: Metropolitan Buenos Aires Urban Transformation sustainable energy components (P159843) 2) India: EE Scale-Up Program (P162849) 3) Côte d’Ivoire: Affordable Housing Finance (P161658) 4) Côte d’Ivoire: Greater Abidjan Project (P159697) 5) Kazakhstan: EE Project (P130013) 6) Kyrgyzstan: Heat Supply Improvement Project (P157079) 7) Montenegro: Second EE Project (P165509) 8) Brazil: Financial Instruments for Brazil Energy Efficient Cities (P162455) 9) Marshall Islands: Sustainable Energy Development Project (P160910) 10) Mexico PRESEM Additional Finance for Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings (P165585) At least 7 country building-related 4 out of 7 policies/plans/strategies informed 1) Kazakhstan: City government adopts recommended EE financing mechanism (Almaty and Astana) 2) Panama: Building codes and green labeling standards 3) Vietnam: Mandatory EE policy adopted and to be approved by the Prime Minister’s Office 4) Western Balkans: Bosnia, Kosovo, and Montenegro have detailed proposals to establish EE Funds or revolving financing schemes 7 knowledge products developed 5 out of 7 and disseminated to World Bank 1) Report on Assessing and Measuring the Performance of EE Projects Group staff, clients, and global fora 2) Study on Using the Climate Auction Model to Catalyze Energy and Resource Efficient Buildings 1 The indicators and targets of the results framework have been updated to (i) be consistent with the revised ESMAP business plan and (ii) reflect progress and achievements to date. The following changes were made during FY18: (a) Increase of target for informed operations from five to 10; (b) Increase of target for knowledge products from three to seven; and (c) Increase of target for knowledge exchanges from two to three. ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 3) Live Wire: Exploiting Synergies between Rooftop Solar PV and Energy Efficiency in the Built Environment 4) Live Wire: Financing EE: Revolving Funds 5) Live Wire, 3 issues: EE in the Public Sector, Residential EE, and EE in Industry 3 knowledge exchanges supported 2 out of 3 or organized 1) First knowledge exchange event on Energy Efficient Buildings and Neighborhoods in Côte d’Ivoire (with GABC and ADEME) 2) Sustainable financing knowledge event organized between Armenia and Montenegro ENERGY SUBSIDY REFORM AND DELIVERY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FACILITY Policy and/or regulatory reforms on 6 out of 5 (exceeded the target) energy subsidies and pricing 1) Algeria — Government to prepare the progressive elimination of reforms applied by at least 5 client subsidies and design of a targeted cash transfer program, based countries2 on Bank recommendations; 2) Iraq — power subsidies for the non-poor were removed; 3) Madagascar — fuel subsidy eliminated in June 2017; 4) Rwanda’s regulator implemented new electricity tariffs effective August 13, 2018, which raise the average cost recovery level, introduce new tariff categories, rationalize tariffs for selected consumers, and include quarterly “automatic tariff adjustment;” 5) Serbia — increase in electricity tariffs between 2015–17 accompanied by an expansion of coverage under the Government’s Energy Vulnerable Customer Program; and 6) Tunisia — first round of electricity and gas tariff adjustments enacted with the target of moving energy subsidies from 1.8% of GDP in 2017 to 1.5% of GDP in 2019 Diagnostic reports in at least 5 43 out of 5 reports/fiscal year (exceeded target): countries per year3 37 completed and 6 draft reports covering 18 countries (and one in MENA as a regional activity) completed. At least 5 Bank lending operations 10 out of 5 over business plan period (exceeded target): informed over the business plan 1) Iraq: Second Expenditure Rationalization, Energy Efficiency and period4 State-Owned Enterprise Governance Programmatic Development Policy Financing DPF (P161167) 2) Jordan: Second Programmatic Energy and Water Sector Reforms Development Policy Loan DPL (P160236) 2 Original indicator/target: Policy and/or regulatory reforms on energy subsidies and pricing reforms applied by at least 3 client countries. Revision took place in FY18: The original target has been updated to take into account good progress and achievements to date. 3 Original indicator/target: Country diagnostic in 10 countries. Revision took place in FY18: The original target has been updated to take into account good progress and achievements to date. 4 Original indicator/target: Country demand for further TA and/or implementation of reform following 30% of diagnostic assessments. Revision took place in FY18: The original indicator has been dropped because demand does not follow linearly and could come about years later. esmap.org 3) Myanmar: First Macroeconomic Stability and Fiscal Resilience DPO (P152734) 4) Egypt: Second Fiscal Consolidation, Sustainable Energy and Competitiveness DPF (P161228) 5) Serbia: First Public Expenditure and Utilities Development Policy DPL1 Loan (P155694) 6) Madagascar: Public Finance Sustainability and Investment Development Policy Financing Operation (P160866) 7) Tunisia: investment, competitiveness and inclusion DPL (P161483) 8) Egypt: Third Fiscal Consolidation, Sustainable Energy, and Competitiveness Programmatic Development Policy Financing (P164079) 9) Madagascar: Public Finance sustainability and Investment DPF II (P164137) 10) Jordan: First Equitable Growth and Job Creation Programmatic DPF (P166360) Knowledge • World Bank Energy Week showcase Exchange/Events/Outreach, • 9 BBLs including: • 6 ESROC - 10 events produced per • 255 ESROC members on platform year (including BBLs, ESROC • Country briefs prepared that cover efforts at subsidy reform in webinars); Madagascar, Kyrgyz Republic, and Serbia - 300 members on platform by • Energy Subsidy Reform Assessment Framework completed (9 the end of period; and modules addressing different aspects of energy subsidy reform) - 3 known collaborations • COP23 Side Event in Bonn: Energy Subsidy Reform: A between countries (knowledge comprehensive approach (Panel discussion with Mexico, exchange that is not an ESROC Indonesia, Ukraine, Jordan, Morocco, and the IMF) iCoP webinar) over the period. Newsletter launched – 7 issues circulated and published RENEWABLE ENERGY | GLOBAL GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 3 new World Bank operations 3 out of 3 informed 1) Chile: Technical Assistance for Geothermal Development Project (P152820) 2) Indonesia: Geothermal Energy Upstream Development (P161644) 3) Turkey: Geothermal Development Project (P151739) New round of concessional funds Green Climate Fund support for Indonesia under consideration mobilization Needs assessment in 3 countries 0 out of 3 Consultants have been engaged to define best practices in geothermal exploration data management. Needs assessments will be based on the findings of the consultants. ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 RENEWABLE ENERGY | RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE MAPPING >5 WBG operations informed5 3 out of 5 1) Pakistan: Sindh Solar Energy Project (P159712) 2) Zambia: Scaling Solar Energy Guarantee Project (P163958) 3) Zambia: Second Scaling Solar Guarantee (P157943) >5 non-ESMAP funded solar/wind 5 out of 5: measurement projects adopt 1) Armenia: Utility Scale Solar Power Project (P163316) ESMAP-developed 2) Malawi Energy Sector Project (P099626) standards/guidelines 3) Madagascar: IFC Scaling Solar 4) Senegal: IFC Scaling Solar 5) Zambia: IFC Scaling Solar >15,000 monthly users on the 9,600 out of 15,000: Global Solar Atlas by end of FY19 Average of 9,600 users per month >10,000 monthly users on the 4,700 out of 10,000: Global Wind Atlas by end of FY19 Average of 4,700 users per month RENEWABLE ENERGY | SOLAR SCALE-UP PROGRAM >10 WBG operations or external 7 out of 10 projects informed6 1) Ethiopia: Ethiopia Electrification Program (ELEAP) (P160395) 2) Haiti: Modern Energy Services for All (P154351) 3) Haiti: Renewable Energy for All (P156719) 4) India: Shared Infrastructure for Solar Parks (P154283) 5) Kenya: Off-Grid Solar Access Project for Underserved Counties (P160009) 6) Mongolia: Second Energy Sector Project (P152343) 7) Pakistan: Sindh Solar Energy Project (P159712) >12 country planning strategies or 2 out of 12 country policies informed 1) Vietnam: Government decision to pilot a solar auction with WB assistance 2) Turkey: inputs to regulatory frameworks for rooftop solar development 5 Original Indicators/Targets: >US$15m in additional funding leveraged, >5 external projects informed/support, >12 countries apply innovative geospatial, GIS, open data and analytics to decision GIS, open data and analytics to decision-making. Revision took place in FY18. Rationale for the revision: As a result of the new focus on the Global Solar Atlas (GSA) and Global Wind Atlas (GWA), corporate pressures to shift solar and wind measurement campaigns to client execution, and a proposed shift of resources from the RE Mapping to the Solar window, the original targets are no longer relevant. The revised indicators and targets reflect ESMAP’s aim to disseminate the methodology and lessons learned on solar/wind measurement campaigns rather than raise additional funding and support solar/wind scale-up and consolidation of efforts through the GSA/ GWA. Meanwhile, we believe several WBG operational projects will directly use the outputs from the original set of countries, so that target has been revised. 6 Original Indicators/Targets: >5 new World Bank operations informed, >2 external projects informed/ supported, >7 country planning strategies informed, >5 country policies informed. Revision took place in FY18. Rationale for the revision: The original targets have been consolidated and updated to take into account good progress and achievements to date and focus of the program on support to full-fledged Bank operations and not only country planning strategies or policies. esmap.org RENEWABLE ENERGY | VARIABLE RENEWABLE ENERGY GRID INTEGRATION SUPPORT PROGRAM7 At least 8 new World Bank 9 out of 8 (exceeded the target) operations informed 1) Ethiopia Electrification Program (P160395) 2) Gambia Electricity Restoration and Modernization Project (P163568) 3) Haiti Renewable Energy for All (P156719) 4) Haiti Modern Energy Services for All (P154351) 5) India Share infrastructure for Solar Parks (P154283) 6) Kenya Off-Grid Solar Access Project for Underserved Countries(P160009) 7) Mongolia Second Energy Sector Project (P152343) 8) Morocco Noor Solar Power Project Additional Financing (P164288) 9) Togo Energy Sector Support and Investment Project (P160377) At least 10 country planning 8 out of 10 strategies or policies informed 1) Costa Rica: Scaling Up Distributed Generation with Roof-top Solar PV 2) Guatemala: Guatemala Wind and Solar Integration Study 3) Haiti: Haiti Solar and VRE Grid Integration 4) India: Solar Parks — Grid Integration Study and Capacity Building 5) Mongolia: Renewable Energy Integration for Mongolia’s Western Energy System 6) Sri Lanka: Capacity Building for Planning and VRE Grid Integration 7) Uzbekistan: Power System Planning Study 8) Vietnam: Accommodating the 20 GW Variable Renewable Energy Target for 2030 in Vietnam Power System SEFORALL KNOWLEDGE HUB RISE 2017, RISE 2018, RISE 2020 RISE 2017: http://rise.esmap.org/ GTF 2017, GTF 2018, GTF 2019, GTF 2017: https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/ GTF 2020 MTF 2018 and MTF 2020 Cambodia, Ethiopia, Rwanda SEAR 2017 and SEAR 2019 SEAR 2017: http://esmap.org/sear/ 7Original targets were: (a) at least 5 new World Bank operations informed; (b) at least 2 external projects informed/ supported; (c) least 7 country planning strategies informed; and (d) least 5 country policies informed. Targets (c) and (d) have been combied to “at least 10 country planning strategies or policies informed.” ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 ANNEX C COMPLETED, NEW, AND ONGOING ACTIVITIES, FY2018 Note: Activities may be receiving funding from multiple Thematic Areas. EA = Energy Access RE = Renewable Energy EE = Energy Efficiency SEforALL Knowledge Hub = Sustainable Energy for All GMP = Governance, Markets & Planning SR = Subsidy Reform O = Other Regions: AFR = Africa LAC = Latin America and the Caribbean EAP = East Asia and Pacific MNA = Middle East and North Africa ECA = Europe and Central Asia SAR = South Asia Region Table C.1 | ESMAP Completed Activities, FY2018 COUNTRY/ REGION COMPLETED ACTIVITY PRIORITY (if applicable) ENERGY ACCESS AFR AFREA II: Africa Electrification Initiative GMP Green Mini Grids Indonesia Supervision and Preparation of Scale-Up of Indonesia CSI Efficient, Clean Cooking & Pilot Heating LAC Central America Clean Cooking Initiative (CACCI) Efficient, Clean Cooking & Heating ENERGY EFFICIENCY Albania Albania: Project for Integrated Urban and Tourism Energy Efficient City Services Development China Energy Saving Management Action Plan for Water Energy Efficient City Services Utilities in Liaoning Egypt, Arab Towards Energy Efficiency Implementation in Cities in Energy Efficient City Services Republic of Egypt Global Capacity Building for Leaders in Energy Efficient Urban Energy Efficient City Services Transport Planning – 2 Global EDGE Green Building Market Transformation Program Energy Efficient Buildings LAC Brazil Energy Efficient Cities Program Energy Efficient City Services Philippines Philippines: Improving Energy Efficiency in Public Energy Efficient Buildings Buildings GOVERNANCE, MARKETS & PLANNING AFR AFREA II: Africa Electrification Initiative AFR Increased Electricity Access Support Program AFR Role of Subsidies: Financing Electricity Supply and Providing Affordable Access in Sub-Saharan Africa Algeria Algeria Vision 2035: Energy Efficiency Belarus Belarus: End User Heat Control and Cost Allocation Project Belize Energy Resilience for Climate Adapt 77 ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Columbia Support to Conference: “Dialogues on the Future of Energy 2017” Georgia Analytical Support for Assessment of Contingent Liabilities LAC Energy Markets: Challenges and Opportunities, Phase II MNA Benchmarking Electricity Utilities Performance in the MNA Region Serbia Serbia Natural Gas Sector Analysis Serbia Serbia Power System Study Turkey Turkey Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Market Assessment RENEWABLE ENERGY Kenya Kenya Geothermal Strategy Global Geothermal Development Plan LAC Energy Markets: Challenges and Opportunities – Phase II Integrating Variable Renewables GMP Mongolia Renewable Energy Integration for Mongolia’s Western Integrating Variable Renewables Energy System (RE4WES) Serbia Serbia Natural Gas Sector Analysis GMP Global Geothermal Development Plan Serbia Serbia Power System Study GMP Integrating Variable Renewables Turkey Turkey Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Market Assessment Solar Scale-Up Program GMP SUBSIDY REFORM Ukraine Ukraine: Advancing Energy Tariff and Subsidy Reforms Table C.2 | ESMAP New Activities, FY2018 COUNTRY/ REGION NEW ACTIVITY PRIORITY (if applicable) ENERGY ACCESS AFR Africa Regional Geospatial Planning Support SEforALL TA AFR Integrating Bio-digesters for Cooking into Small Farm Efficient, Clean Cooking & Activities Heating Bangladesh Increasing the Sustainability and Efficiency of Fuelwood Efficient, Clean Cooking & Supply Value Chain to Increase Access to Efficient and Heating Clean Cooking in Bangladesh Burundi Burundi Landscape Restoration and Resilience Project Efficient, Clean Cooking & Heating Dominican Technical Assistance for Distribution Grid Modernization Energy Access for Urban Poor Republic and Loss Reduction in the Dominican Republic Global GIS Electrification Planning Global SEforALL TA Global SEforALL Technical Assistance PMA SEforALL TA Malawi Malawi: National Electrification Strategy SEforALL TA Mongolia Support to the Preparation of Electricity for Heating Efficient, Clean Cooking & Program in Ulaanbaatar GMP Heating Myanmar Off-Grid Access in Myanmar Lighting Global, Green Mini Grids Pakistan Pakistan: Punjab Energy Efficient Municipal Service EE Lighting Global ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Pakistan Pakistan: Renewable Energy for Rural Off-Grid Lighting Global Electrification Tanzania Tanzania: National Urban Electrification Scale-Up Energy Access for Urban Poor Tanzania Tanzania Power Sector Review GMP, RE SEforALL TA Yemen, Republic of Yemen: Support to Recovery of Electricity Services Energy Access for Urban Poor ENERGY EFFICIENCY AFR Energy Efficiency Investment Opportunities in Africa Energy Efficient Buildings, Energy Efficient City Services Albania Development of a Financing Mechanism for Energy Energy Efficient Buildings Efficient Public Buildings in Albania Belarus Belarus: Market Assessment for the Thermal Retrofit of Energy Efficient Buildings Multi-Apartment Buildings GMP Chile Local Action to Support Chile’s Nationally Determined Energy Efficient Buildings Contributions Achievement (Energy Efficiency Building Retrofits) Egypt, Arab Egypt: Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials for Cement Energy Efficient City Services Republic of Georgia Georgia’s Energy Efficiency and Social Equity Energy Efficient Buildings Georgia Tbilisi Energy Efficiency Enhancement for Urban Energy Efficient Buildings, Regeneration Energy Efficient City Services Global City Energy Efficiency Transformation Energy Efficient City Services Global IFC EDGE Program: China, Nigeria, and Certification for Energy Efficient Buildings Existing Buildings Global Leaders in Urban Transport Planning-Tech Content Energy Efficient City Services India India Capacity Building in Bus Fuel Efficiency II Energy Efficient City Services India Implementation Plan for E-Mobility in Kolkata, India Energy Efficient City Services Indonesia Scaling Up Energy Efficiency in Indonesia Energy Efficient Buildings, Energy Efficient City Services Jordan Jordan: Designing a Program for Energy Efficiency Energy Efficient Buildings Improvement in Residential Buildings Kyrgyz Republic Enhancing Energy Efficiency of Education Facilities in Energy Efficient Buildings Kyrgyzstan Marshall Islands Promotion of Energy Efficiency Program — Republic of Energy Efficient Buildings Marshall Islands Mexico Improving Energy Efficiency in Schools and Hospitals in Energy Efficient Buildings Mexico Mongolia IFC: Energy Asset Rating for Mongolian Buildings Energy Efficient Buildings Montenegro Montenegro: Sustainable Energy Efficiency Financing for Energy Efficient Buildings Public Buildings Pakistan Pakistan: Punjab Energy Efficient Municipal Service EA Energy Efficient City Services Serbia Study of Potential for Transit-Oriented Development and Energy Efficient City Services Land Based Financing in Belgrade Turkey Turkey: Sustainable Financing Mechanism for Energy Energy Efficient Buildings Efficiency Renovations in Municipal Buildings GMP Uzbekistan Urban Heating Strategy for Uzbekistan Energy Efficient City Services Uzbekistan Uzbekistan: Energy Efficiency in Water Utilities Energy Efficient City Services Vietnam Energy Efficiency Improvement in Water and Wastewater Energy Efficient City Services Management in Vietnam Vietnam Improving Energy Efficiency in Vietnam Energy Efficient Buildings, Energy Efficient City Services esmap.org GOVERNANCE, MARKETS & PLANNING AFR Facilitating Power Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa AFR Reform Options for the Bi-national Power Generation and Transmission Utility of Benin and Togo Armenia Preparation of Model Power Purchase Agreement for Small Renewable Energy Projects in Armenia Bangladesh Scaling Up Renewable Energy in Bangladesh Belarus Belarus: Market Assessment for the Thermal Retrofit of Multi-Apartment Buildings EE Belarus Belarus Power Sector Study Brazil Brazilian Power Sector Reform: Technical Review and Inputs to Consultation Process Brazil Dissemination of Results: The Power and Gas Sector Reform in Brazil China Supporting Power Sector Reform to Promote Energy Transition in China Colombia Support to Conference: “Dialogues on the Future of Energy 2017” Djibouti Djibouti Power Sector Diagnostic Dominica Preparation of Dominica Geothermal Risk Mitigation Project ECA Just-in-Time Renewable Energy Development Support for Central Asia RE Georgia Analytical Support for Assessment of Contingent Liabilities Global Off-Grid Electrification Power Systems Planning India Supporting Government of India's 24x7 Power for All Program Kyrgyz Republic Energy Efficiency Improvements in Public Buildings in the Kyrgyz Republic Lebanon Engaging in Difficult Electricity Subsidies and Tariff Reform: The Case of the Lebanese Republic MNA Increasing Pan-Arab Regional Energy Trade Moldova Promoting Competition in Moldovan Electric Power Market through Regional Integration Mongolia Support to the Preparation of Electricity for Heating Program in Ulaanbaatar EA Myanmar Support for Implementation of the Sustainable Energy for All and National Electrification Program in Myanmar Myanmar Support for Renewable Energy Development in Myanmar Nepal Solar Measurement Campaign in Nepal and Additional Budget for Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning Nigeria Nigeria — Preparation and Implementation Support for a Power Sector Recovery Program SR Pakistan Support for Hydropower Development in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Philippines Agus Hydropower Cascade Rehabilitation SAR Energy Sector Engagement Strategies for South Asia SAR South Asia Gender and Energy (Sage) Facility GMP Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Energy InfraSAP Sudan Sudan Electricity Sector Development Policy Note SR Tanzania Tanzania Power Sector Review RE, EA ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Tunisia Enhancing the Performance and Financial Viability of the Tunisian Energy Sector SR Tunisia Power Interconnector — Project Preparation Technical Assistance in the Republic of Tunisia (Bank-Executed Trust Fund) Turkey Turkey: Sustainable Financing Mechanism for Energy Efficiency Renovations in Municipal buildings EE Ukraine Development of Market Compatible Renewable Energy Framework in Ukraine RE Ukraine Support to Implementation of Reforms in Ukrainian Gas Sector Uzbekistan Uzbekistan: Strategic Advisory for Improvement in Corporate Governance Vietnam Vietnam: Preparing for Liquefied Natural Gas Imports Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Power Sector Technical Assistance RENEWABLE ENERGY AFR Hydro-connected Solar PV towards Accelerating Utility Solar Scale-Up Program Scale Solar Generation in West Africa Bangladesh Scaling Up Renewable Energy in Bangladesh GMP Solar Scale-Up Program, RE Mapping Central African Support for the Promotion and Implementation of Solar Solar Scale-Up Program Republic PV Projects in Central African Republic ECA Just-in-Time Renewable Energy Development Support Solar Scale-Up Program for Central Asia Egypt, Arab Support for Egypt–World Bank Group Partnership for the Solar Scale-Up Program Republic of Design and Implementation of Solar Photovoltaic Auctions Global ESMAP Solar Scale-Up Program Solar Scale-Up Program Global Global Geothermal Development Plan Global Geothermal Development Plan Global Global Solar Atlas II RE Mapping Global International Solar Alliance (ISA) Support Solar Scale-Up Program Global Renewable Energy Resource Assessment and Mapping RE Mapping Initiative Global Renewable Energy Resource Mapping: Knowledge RE Mapping Management Guinea Bissau Utility-Scale Solar-Plus-Storage for Energy Security in Solar Scale-Up Program Guinea Bissau India India: Grid Integration Support for Power System Integrating Variable Renewables Operation Corporation Limited (POSOCO) Indonesia Indonesia: Resource Risk Mitigation for Geothermal Global Geothermal Development Development Plan Indonesia Support for Indonesia–World Bank Group Partnership for Integrating Variable the Design and Implementation of Solar PV Auctions Renewables, Solar Scale-Up Program LAC Upstream Analysis for the Development of the Scaling Solar Scale-Up Program Solar Program in Nicaragua MNA Comparative Analysis of Utility-scale Energy Storage: Integrating Variable Renewables Options in the MNA Region Mongolia Support Mongolia with price setting of Solar Energy Solar Scale-Up Program Mongolia Sustainable Energy Development in Mongolia Integrating Variable Renewables esmap.org Niger Niger Solar Development — Zinder Project Pre-feasibility Integrating Variable Analysis Renewables, Solar Scale-Up Program Tanzania Tanzania Power Sector Review EA, GMP Solar Scale-Up Program Turkey Turkey Geothermal Development Project (CO2 Soil Global Geothermal Emissions Study) Development Plan Ukraine Development of Market Compatible Renewable Energy Solar Scale-Up Program Framework in Ukraine GMP Vietnam Accommodating the 20 GW Variable Renewable Energy Solar Scale-Up Program Target for 2030 in Vietnam Power System SEforALL KNOWLEDGE HUB Global Global Survey for Multi-Tier Energy Access Tracking 2 Global SDG 7 Tracking Report 2018 SUBSIDY REFORM AFR Electricity Subsidy Reform in Guinea, Mali, and Togo Burkina Faso Subsidy Reform in Burkina Faso ESRAF Global Efficient Clean Cooking and Heating (ECCH) Jordan Jordan: Expansion of Social Safety Nets to Support ESRAF Electricity Lifeline Tariff Rationalization Kosovo Kosovo Power Sector Financial Recovery and Electricity Tariff Subsidy Reform LAC Dialogue on the Role of Regulators Regarding Fossil Fuel Subsidies in the Transition towards the Energy Sector of the Future LAC Honduras: Toward Cost-Reflective Tariff Regulation for the Power Sector Madagascar Madagascar: Energy Sector Financial Sustainability Studies Mongolia Support for Sustainable and Socially Inclusive Electricity and Heat Pricing Reform in Mongolia Mozambique Support to the Implementation of Mozambique’s Fuel Subsidy Reform Nigeria Nigeria — Preparation and Implementation Support for a Power Sector Recovery Program GMP Rwanda Rwanda: Power Sector Sustainability Study Sudan Sudan Electricity Sector Development Policy Note GMP Tajikistan Tajikistan Electricity Tariff Setting and Mitigation of Social Impacts Tunisia Enhancing the Performance and Financial Viability of the Tunisian Energy Sector GMP Uzbekistan Energy Subsidies in Uzbekistan: Impact and the Way Forward (Phase I) ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Table C.3| ESMAP Ongoing Activities, FY2018 COUNTRY/ REGION NEW ACTIVITY PRIORITY (if applicable) ENERGY ACCESS AFR Africa Clean Cooking Energy Solutions (ACCES) — Phase Efficient, Clean Cooking & II Heating AFR Africa Regional Geospatial Planning Support SEforALL TA AFR Increased Electricity Access Support (AGAT) SEforALL TA, Green Mini Grids AFR Integrating Bio-digesters for Cooking into Small Farm Efficient, Clean Cooking & Activities Heating AFR Lighting Africa Lighting Global AFR Regional Coordination of Africa SEforALL Technical SEforALL TA, Lighting Global, Assistance Program Energy Access for Urban Poor, Green Mini Grids, Efficient, Clean Cooking & Heating Burundi Burundi Landscape Restoration and Resilience Project Efficient, Clean Cooking & Heating Burundi SEforALL Technical Assistance for Burundi SEforALL TA Colombia Colombia: Energy Sector Engagement SEforALL TA, Lighting Global Congo, AFREA II: DRC — Scaling Up Electricity Access SEforALL TA, Energy Access for Democratic Urban Poor Republic of Dominican Technical Assistance for Distribution Grid Modernization Energy Access for Urban Poor Republic and Loss Reduction in the Dominican Republic ECA Clean and Efficient Heating in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan Efficient, Clean Cooking & Heating Global Efficient, Clean Cooking and Heating (ECCH) Program Efficient, Clean Cooking & Heating Global Energy Access for the Peri-urban/Urban Poor Energy Access for Urban Poor Global GIS Electrification Planning Global SEforALL TA Global Global Facility for Promotion of Green Mini Grids Green Mini Grids Global Lighting Global — ESMAP Own-Managed Lighting Global Global SEforALL Technical Assistance PMA SEforALL TA Guinea SEforALL Technical Assistance for Guinea SEforALL TA India India Efficient, Clean Cooking and Heating (ECCH) Efficient, Clean Cooking & Heating Kenya Kenya Geospatial Plan RE Green Mini Grids Kyrgyz Kyrgyzstan Improving Efficiency of Individual Heating Efficient, Clean Cooking & Republic Solutions Heating Lao PDR Lao PDR Cook Stove Initiative Efficient, Clean Cooking & Heating Liberia Liberia Renewable Energy Access Project Green Mini Grids Liberia SEforALL Technical Assistance for Liberia SEforALL TA Malawi Malawi: National Electrification Strategy SEforALL TA Mali Mali Rural Electrification Hybrid System: China Green Mini Grids Environmental Management Group (CEMG) Initiative MNA Africa Regional Geospatial Planning Support SEforALL TA esmap.org Moldova Moldova: Just-in-Time Support to Streamlining of District Efficient, Clean Cooking & Heating Regulatory Methodologies and Processes EE Heating, Energy Access for Urban Poor Mongolia Support to the Preparation of Electricity for Heating Efficient, Clean Cooking & Program in Ulaanbaatar GMP Heating Mozambique SEforALL TA for Mozambique SEforALL TA, Green Mini Grids, Energy Access for Urban Poor, Lighting Global Myanmar Off-Grid Access in Myanmar Lighting Global, Green Mini Grids Nepal Nepal: Developing Improved Solutions for Cooking SEforALL TA Nepal Nepal: Project Preparation for Business Models for Private Green Mini Grids Sector-Led Mini-Grid Energy Access Project Niger Niger: Support to Innovative Financing Mechanisms and Green Mini Grids, Lighting Global, Business Models to Increase Access through Solar and Energy Access for Urban Poor Technologies Pakistan Pakistan: Punjab Energy Efficient Municipal Service EE Lighting Global Pakistan Pakistan: Renewable Energy for Rural Off-Grid Lighting Global Electrification Senegal SEforALL TA for Senegal SEforALL TA Tanzania Tanzania: National Urban Electrification Scale-Up Energy Access for Urban Poor Tanzania Tanzania Power Sector Review GMP, RE SEforALL TA Ukraine Ukraine: Technical Assistance for the Ukraine District Efficient, Clean Cooking & Heating Energy Efficiency Project EE Heating ENERGY EFFICIENCY AFR Energy Efficiency Investment Opportunities in Africa Energy Efficient Buildings, Energy Efficient City Services Argentina Metropolitan Buenos Aires: Efficient and Sustainable Energy Efficient City Services Urban Settlements Belarus Belarus: Market Assessment for the Thermal Retrofit of Energy Efficient Buildings Multi-Apartment Buildings GMP Brazil FinBRAZEEC Project Preparation RE Energy Efficient Buildings, Energy Efficient City Services China Supporting Implementation of New Urbanization Strategy Energy Efficient City Services in Chongqing China Supporting Project Preparation of Shanghai Urbanization Energy Efficient City Services Financing and Innovation Project Côte d’Ivoire Urban Density and Quality Buildings for an Energy Energy Efficient Buildings Efficient Abidjan ECA Energy, Gender, and Social Inclusion in the ECA Region Energy Efficient City Services ECA Financing of Public Buildings in the Western Energy Efficient Buildings Balkans GMP Georgia Tbilisi Energy Efficiency Enhancement for Urban Energy Efficient Buildings, Regeneration Energy Efficient City Services Global City Energy Efficiency Transformation Initiative: Low Energy Efficient City Services Carbon Growth for Cities through Energy Efficiency Global Efficient and Sustainable Buildings Energy Efficient Buildings Global Exploring the Potential for the Application of Solar Energy Efficient City Services Photovoltaic Pumping Technologies in the Water Global IFC EDGE Program: China, Nigeria, and Certification Energy Efficient Buildings Existing Buildings Global Leaders in Urban Transport Planning-Tech Content Energy Efficient City Services Global Scaling Up Energy Efficiency Investments in Water Utilities Energy Efficient City Services ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 India Implementation Plan for E-Mobility in Kolkata, India Energy Efficient City Services India India Capacity Building in Bus Fuel Efficiency II Energy Efficient City Services India India: Strategic Options for EE Scale-up GMP Energy Efficient Buildings Indonesia Scaling Up Energy Efficiency in Indonesia Energy Efficient Buildings, Energy Efficient City Services Jordan Jordan: Designing a Program for Energy Efficiency Energy Efficient Buildings Improvement in Residential Buildings Kazakhstan Energy Efficiency Transformation in Astana and Almaty GMP Energy Efficient Buildings, Energy Efficient City Services Kyrgyz Republic Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings in Kyrgyzstan Energy Efficient Buildings Kyrgyz Republic Enhancing Energy Efficiency of Education Facilities in Energy Efficient Buildings Kyrgyzstan LAC Towards an Effective Implementation of Energy Efficiency Energy Efficient Buildings, Initiatives in Panama Energy Efficient City Services Lebanon Lebanon: Promoting Energy Efficiency in Bus Rapid Transit Energy Efficient City Services Marshall Islands Promotion of Energy Efficiency Program — Republic of Energy Efficient Buildings Marshall Islands Mexico Improving Energy Efficiency in Schools and Hospitals in Energy Efficient Buildings Mexico Mexico Mexico: Sustainable Land Use for Energy Efficient Cities Energy Efficient City Services Moldova Moldova: Just-in-Time Support to Streamlining of District Energy Efficient City Services Heating Regulatory Methodologies and Processes GMP, EA Mongolia IFC: Energy Asset Rating for Mongolian Buildings Energy Efficient Buildings Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Efficient Heating Project Energy Efficient Buildings, Energy Efficient City Services Montenegro Montenegro: Sustainable Energy Efficiency Financing for Energy Efficient City Services Public Buildings Morocco Morocco City Energy Efficiency GMP Energy Efficient City Services Pakistan Pakistan: Punjab Energy Efficient Municipal Service EA Energy Efficient City Services Serbia Study of Potential for Transit-Oriented Development and Energy Efficient City Services Land Based Financing in Belgrade Ukraine Ukraine District Heating Sector Transition GMP Energy Efficient City Services Ukraine Ukraine: Sustainable Urban Mobility for Odessa Energy Efficient City Services Ukraine Ukraine: Technical Assistance for the Ukraine District Energy Efficient Buildings, Heating Energy Efficiency Project EA Energy Efficient City Services Uzbekistan Towards Energy Efficient Resilient Cities in Uzbekistan Energy Efficient City Services Uzbekistan Uzbekistan: Energy Efficiency in Water Utilities Energy Efficient City Services Vietnam Energy Efficiency Improvement in Water and Wastewater Energy Efficient City Services Management in Vietnam Vietnam Improving Energy Efficiency in Vietnam Energy Efficient Buildings, Energy Efficient City Services Vietnam Vietnam Energy Efficiency for Industrial Enterprises Global Energy Efficient City Services Citizen Foundation Proposal GOVERNANCE, MARKETS & PLANNING AFR AFREA 2: Africa Clean Cooking Energy Solutions (ACCES) AFR AFREA 2: Gender and Energy Program O AFR Africa Energy Strategy AFR Facilitating Power Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa AFR Increased Electricity Access Support (AGAT) EA AFR Lighting Africa EA AFR Operational Support — AFREA2 esmap.org AFR Reform Options for the Bi-National Power Generation and Transmission Utility of Benin and Togo Afghanistan Afghanistan: Energy Study Albania Power Exchange Implementation Support in Albania Armenia Preparation of Model Power Purchase Agreement for Small Renewable Energy Projects in Armenia Bangladesh Scaling Up Renewable Energy in Bangladesh RE Belarus Belarus: Market Assessment for the Thermal Retrofit of Multi-Apartment Buildings EE Belarus Belarus Power Sector Study Botswana Botswana Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Strategies Brazil Brazilian Power Sector Reform: Technical Review and Inputs to Consultation Process Brazil Dissemination of Results: The Power and Gas Sector Reform in Brazil Brazil Revisiting Power and Gas Sector Reforms in Brazil SR, RE China Promotion of Power Sector Reform to Unlock Renewable Energy Development China Supporting Power Sector Reform to Promote Energy Transition in China Congo, Democratic AFREA II: DRC — Scaling Up Electricity Access EA Republic of Congo, Democratic DRC Power Sector Report and Policy Dialogue Republic of Congo, Republic of Republic of Congo: Power Sector Reform and Electricity Access Support SR, EA Côte d’Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire: CI Electricity Access Scale Up Program Djibouti Djibouti Power Sector Diagnostic Dominica Preparation of Dominica Geothermal Risk Mitigation Project EAP Dissemination and Knowledge Sharing EAP Greater Mekong Sub-Region (GMS) Power Market Development Programmatic Technical Assistance ECA Financing of Public Buildings in the Western Balkans EE Egypt, Arab Programmatic Energy Reforms in Egypt — Technical Republic of Assistance Ethiopia Ethiopia Energy Sector Review and Strategy SR, RE Ghana Ghana Energy Sector Reform Support Global East Asia and Pacific Gender and Energy Facility Global Off-Grid Electrification Power Systems Planning Global Rethinking Power Sector Reform India India: North East Region — Assessment of Training and Development Projects Impact on Access to Electricity India India: Strategic Options for Energy Efficiency Scale-up EE India India: Support to Electricity Distribution System Strengthening and Modernization in Andhra Pradesh India India: Support to 24x7 Scheme for Jharkhand RE India Supporting Government of India’s 24X7 Power for All Program ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Indonesia Local Benefit Sharing for Hydropower Projects in Indonesia Indonesia Support to the Integrated Catchment Management (ICM)– Informed Project Preparation of Matenggeng Pumped Storage Hydro-Electrical Project Iraq Iraq Power Sector Planning and Operations Improvement Kazakhstan Energy Efficiency Transformation in Astana and Almaty EE Kenya Kenya: Implementation Roadmap of Energy Bill Kenya Kenya Geospatial Plan EA, RE Kyrgyz Republic Energy Efficiency Improvements in Public Buildings in the Kyrgyz Republic LAC Assessment of Geothermal Potential in LAC LAC Caribbean Energy Sector Strategic Support LAC LAC Energy and Gender Program Malawi Malawi: Energy Policy Review and Sector Engagement Strategy MNA MNA Energy and Gender Program MNA Increasing Pan-Arab Regional Energy Trade Moldova Moldova: Just-in-Time Support to Streamlining of District Heating Regulatory Methodologies and Processes EA, EE Moldova Promoting Competition in Moldovan Electric Power Market Through Regional Integration Mongolia Support to the Preparation of Electricity for Heating Program in Ulaanbaatar EA Morocco Morocco City Energy Efficiency EE Mozambique SEforALL Technical Assistance for Mozambique EA Myanmar Myanmar National Electrification Project: Inclusive Community Participation Myanmar Support for Implementation of the Sustainable Energy for All and National Electrification Program in Myanmar Myanmar Support for Renewable Energy Development in Myanmar Nepal Solar Measurement Campaign in Nepal and Additional Budget for Renewable Energy Resource Mapping Niger PV Hybridization of Diesel-based Isolated Grids EA, RE Nigeria Nigeria: Preparation and Implementation Support for a Power Sector Recovery Program SR Pakistan Support for Hydropower Development in Khyber Paktunkhwa Papua New Guinea PNG: National Policy on Benefit Sharing in Hydropower Projects Philippines Augus Hydropower Cascade Rehabilitation São Tomé and São Tomé and Príncipe: Strengthening Energy Príncipe Monitoring/Planning SAR Energy Sector Engagement Strategies for South Asia SAR South Asia Gender and Energy (SAGE) Facility GMP Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Energy InfraSAP Somalia AFREA 2: Somalia Power Sector Development Master Plan Solomon Islands Tina River Hydropower Development Project: Benefit Sharing and Technical Quality Assurance Sudan Sudan Electricity Sector Development Policy Note SR Tanzania Tanzania Power Sector Review RE, EA esmap.org Tunisia Enhancing the Performance and Financial Viability of the Tunisian Energy Sector Uganda AFREA II — Uganda Clean Cooking Supply Chain Expansion Ukraine Facilitating Electricity and Gas Market Reforms in Ukraine Ukraine Market Assessment of Small Hydro Rehabilitation in Ukraine Ukraine Support to Implementation of Reforms in Ukrainian Gas Sector Ukraine Ukraine: Advancing Energy Tariff and Subsidy Reform Implementation Ukraine Ukraine District Heating Sector Transition EE Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Power System Dispatch and Renewable Energy Integration RE Vietnam Vietnam: Preparing of Liquified Natural Gas Imports Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Power Sector Technical Assistance OTHER AFR AFREA 2 Gender and Energy Program GMP Global Gender: Knowledge Dev and Dissemination Lao PDR Renewable Energy Resource Mapping: Lao PDR RE RENEWABLE ENERGY AFR Hydro-Connected Solar PV towards Accelerating Utility Solar Scale-Up Program Scale Solar Generation in West Africa AFR Solar Resource Mapping: East Africa RE Mapping, Solar Scale-Up Program AFR Variable Renewable Integration in the West Africa Power Integrating Variable Renewables Pool Grid Armenia Armenia: VRE Grid Integration Support Integrating Variable Renewables, Solar Scale-Up Program Bangladesh Renewable Energy Resource Mapping Bangladesh — RE Mapping ESMAP Bangladesh Scaling Up Renewable Energy in Bangladesh GMP Solar Scale-Up Program, RE Mapping Brazil FinBRAZEEC Project Preparation EE Integrating Variable Renewables, Solar Scale-Up Program Brazil Revisiting Power and Gas Sector Reforms in Integrating Variable Renewables Brazil GMP, SR Cabo Verde Cabo Verde: Distributed Renewable Energy Integrating Variable Renewables Central African Support for the Promotion and Implementation of Solar Solar Scale-Up Program Republic PV Projects in Central African Republic Chile Technical Assistance for Sustainable Geothermal Global Geothermal Development in Chile Development Plan EAP VRE Grid Integration for Pacific Islands Sustainable Integrating Variable Renewables Energy Industry Development Project Egypt, Arab Support for Egypt–World Bank Group Partnership for the Solar Scale-Up Program Republic of Design and Implementation of Solar PV Auctions Ethiopia Ethiopia Energy Sector Review and Strategy GMP, SR Integrating Variable Renewables, Solar Scale-Up Program, Global Geothermal Development Plan ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Ethiopia Ethiopia Renewable Energy Resource Mapping RE Mapping Global ESMAP — Effectiveness of Public Finance in Attracting Solar Scale-Up Program Private Capital for Grid-Connected Solar Projects Global ESMAP Solar Support Program Solar Scale-Up Program Global ESMAP Variable Renewable Energy Grid Integration Integrating Variable Renewables Support Program Global Global Geothermal Development Plan Global Geothermal Development Plan Global Global Solar Atlas RE Mapping Global Global Wind Atlas RE Mapping Global International Solar Alliance (ISA) Support Solar Scale-Up Program Global Renewable Energy Resource Assessment and Mapping RE Mapping Initiative Global Renewable Energy Resource Mapping RE Mapping Guinea-Bissau Utility-Scale Solar-Plus-Storage for Energy Security in Solar Scale-Up Program Guinea Bissau Haiti Haiti Solar and VRE Integration Integrating Variable Renewables, Solar Scale-Up Program India India: Grid Integration Support for Power System Integrating Variable Renewables Operation Corporation Limited (POSOCO) India India — Support to 24x7 Scheme for Jharkhand GMP Integrating Variable Renewables Indonesia Indonesia Capacity Strengthening and Risk Mitigation for Global Geothermal Geothermal Development Development Plan Indonesia Indonesia: Resource Risk Mitigation for Geothermal Global Geothermal Development Development Plan Indonesia Support for Indonesia–World Bank Group Partnership for Integrating Variable the Design and Implementation of Solar PV Auctions Renewables, Solar Scale-Up Program Kenya Kenya Geospatial Plan GMP, EA Integrating Variable Renewables, Solar Scale-Up Program, RE Mapping Lao PDR Renewable Energy Resource Mapping: Lao PDR RE Mapping LAC Technical Assistance for Geothermal Project Preparation Global Geothermal in LAC Development Plan LAC Upstream Analysis for the Development of the Scaling Solar Scale-Up Program Solar Program in Nicaragua Malawi Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial RE Mapping, Solar Scale-Up Planning: Malawi Program Maldives Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial RE Mapping Planning: Maldives MNA Comparative Analysis of Utility-scale Energy Storage: Integrating Variable Renewables Options in the MNA Region Mongolia Sustainable Energy Development in Mongolia Integrating Variable Renewables Nepal RE Resource Mapping: Nepal RE Mapping Niger Niger Solar Development – Zinder Project Pre-Feasibility Integrating Variable Analysis Renewables, Solar Scale-Up Program Niger PV Hybridization of Diesel-based Isolated Grids GMP, EA Solar Scale-Up Program Pakistan Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial RE Mapping Planning: Pakistan esmap.org Papua New Guinea Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial RE Mapping Planning: Papua New Guinea Tanzania Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial RE Mapping Planning: Tanzania Tanzania Tanzania Power Sector Review GMP, EA Solar Scale-Up Program Turkey Turkey Geothermal Development Project (CO2 Soil Global Geothermal Emissions Study) Development Plan Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Power System Dispatch and Renewable Integrating Variable Renewables Energy Integration GMP Vietnam Accommodating the 20 GW Variable Renewable Energy Integrating Variable Renewables Target for 2030 in Vietnam Power System Vietnam Renewable Energy Resource Mapping and Geospatial RE Mapping Planning: Vietnam Vietnam Scaling Up Solar PV in Vietnam Solar Scale-Up Program Zambia Zambia Renewable Energy Resource Mapping Initiative RE Mapping SEforALL KNOWLEDGE HUB Global Global Rollout of Readiness for Investment in Sustainable Energy (RISE) Global Global Survey for Multi-Tier Energy Access Tracking Global MTF Enterprise Survey Global SDG 7 Tracking Report 2018 Global SEAR Dissemination SUBSIDY REFORM AFR Electricity Subsidy Reform in Guinea, Mali, and Togo Algeria Energy Subsidies and Price Reform in Algeria Armenia Armenia: Improvement of Power-Tariff Setting and Addressing of Social Impacts of Tariff Increases Azerbaijan Poverty and Social Impacts of Improving Fiscal Sustainability and Quality of Power Distribution in Azerbaijan Belarus Belarus Heat Tariff Reform and Social Impact Mitigation Study Brazil Revisiting Power and Gas Sector Reforms in Brazil GMP, RE Burkina Faso Subsidy Reform in Burkina Faso ESRAF Congo, Republic of Republic of Congo: Power Sector Reform and Electricity Access Support GMP, EA Ethiopia Ethiopia Energy Sector Review and Strategy GMP, RE Global Efficient Clean Cooking and Heating (ECCH) Global Energy Subsidy Reform and Delivery: Safeguarding the Poor and Vulnerable Global Energy Subsidy Reform Assessment Framework (ESRAF) ESRAF Global Energy Subsidy Reform Knowledge Events Global Energy Subsidy Reform Knowledge Products Global Energy Subsidy Reform Online Community Haiti Distributional Analyses and Reform Options for Petroleum Price Reforms in Haiti — Phase II India India: Direct Benefit Transfer for Electricity to Farmers in Rajasthan Jordan Jordan: Expansion of Social Safety Nets to Support ESRAF Electricity Lifeline Tariff Rationalization Kyrgyz Republic Energy Sector Reforms in Kyrgyz Republic ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 LAC Dialogue on the Role of Regulators Regarding Fossil Fuel Subsidies in the Transition towards the Energy Sector of the Future LAC Honduras: Toward Cost-Reflective Tariff Regulation for The Power Sector Madagascar Madagascar Pump Fuel Price Subsidy Removal Technical Assistance MNA Support to MENA Countries Preparedness of SSNs for Subsidy Reform — Algeria, Djibouti, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, Yemen Mongolia Support for Sustainable and Socially Inclusive Electricity and Heat Pricing Reform in Mongolia Mozambique Support to the Implementation of Mozambique's Fuel Subsidy Reform Myanmar Myanmar: Support for Sustainable and Socially Inclusive Electricity Pricing and Reform Nepal Energy Tariff Reform in Nepal Rwanda Rwanda: Power Sector Sustainability Study Tajikistan Tajikistan Electricity Tariff Setting and Mitigation of Social Impacts Uzbekistan Energy Subsidies in Uzbekistan: Impact and the Way Forward (Phase 1) Ukraine Ukraine Energy Efficiency Fund Development Technical Assistance Vietnam Vietnam: Energy Subsidy Reform Phase 1 esmap.org ANNEX D  ESMAP PUBLICATIONS, FY 2018 ISBN, COUNTRY/ PUB NO., OR TITLE AUTHOR/TTL REGION PROJECT NO. Live Wire 2017/85 Afghanistan A GIS Approach to Planning Alexandros Korkovelos, Morgan Electrification in Afghanistan Bazilian, Dimitrios Mentis, Mark Howells P150323 AFR Double Dividend: Power and Agriculture Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee, Kabir Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa Malik, Andrew Tipping, Juliette Suzanne Georgette Besnard, John D. Nash P018952 AFR Rural Electrification Concessions in Richard Hosier, Morgan Bazilian, Africa: What Does Experience Tell Us? Tatia Lemondzhava, Kabir Malik, Mitsunori Motohashi, David Vilar de Ferrenbach P146621 AFR Scalable Business Models for Alternative Jan Friedrich Kappen, Richard H. Biomass Cooking Fuels and Their Hosier, Nuyi Tao, Besnik Hyseni, Potential in Sub-Saharan Africa Kenta Usui P160031 Armenia Armenia Tariff Rebalancing: Final Report World Bank P150942 Brazil Lighting Brazilian Cities: Business Megan Meyer, Luiz Maurer, Javier Models for Energy Efficient Public Street Freire, Christophe De Gouvello Lighting P156666 Cambodia Cambodia - Beyond Connections: Rutu Dave, Sandra Ofelia Keller, Energy Access Diagnostic Report based Bonsuk Koo, Gina Fleurantin, Elisa on the Multi-Tier Framework Portale, Dana Rysankova P153716 China Thirsty Energy: Modeling the Water Diego Juan Rodriguez, Morgan Energy Nexus in China Bazilian, Anna Delgado Martin, Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm ESMAP IMPACT China World Partners and ESMAP: Long-Term ESMAP Issue 11 Strategic Partners in China's Energy Transition P147472 ECA Scaling Up Thermal Retrofit of Claudia Ines Vasquez Suarez, Feng Residential and Public Buildings in Liu, Grzegorz Peszko Eastern Europe P133231 ECA Western Balkans: Directions for the Claudia Vasquez, Rhedon Begolli, Energy Sector Linda Van Gelder, Sameer Shukla P156666 Ethiopia Ethiopia – Beyond Connections: Energy Gouthami Padam, Dana Access Diagnostic Report based on the Rysankova, Elisa Portale, Bryan Multi-Tier Framework Bonsuk Koo, Sandra Keller, Gina Fleurantin Global Energizing Finance: Scaling and Refining SEforALL Finance in Countries with Large Energy Access Gaps ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Global Low Carbon Cities: Exploring New Martina Bossi Crediting Approaches to Deliver Carbon and Climate Finance P152424 Global Tool for Rapid Assessment of City ESMAP Energy (TRACE 2.0): A Manual for Experts and City Officials P167379 Global Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress International Energy Agency, Report International Renewable Energy Agency, United Nations, World Bank Group, World Health Organization Global Using Climate Auction Model to Martina Bosi, World Bank Group, Catalyze Energy and Resource Efficient Carbon Trust Buildings P157812 Global Guidance for Comprehensive Energy Thomas Flochel, Sudarshan Subsidy Reforms: Energy Subsidy Gooptu Reform Assessment Framework (ESRAF) Good Practice Note, Overview P157812 Global Identifying and Quantifying Energy Masami Kojima Subsidies: Energy Subsidy Reform Assessment Framework (ESRAF) Good Practice Note 1 P157812 Global Assessing the Fiscal Cost of Subsidies Sudarshan Goopu and Fiscal Impact of Reform: Energy Subsidy Reform Assessment Framework (ESRAF) Good Practice Note 2 P157812 Global Analyzing the Incidence of Consumer Anne Olivier, Caterina Ruggeri Price Subsidies and the Impact of Laderchi Reform on Households — Quantitative Analysis: Energy Subsidy Reform Assessment Framework (ESRAF) Good Practice Note 3 P157812 Global Assessing the Readiness of Social Safety Ruslan Yemtsov, Amr Moubarak Nets to Mitigate the Impact of Reform: Energy Subsidy Reform Assessment Framework (ESRAF) Good Practice Note 5 P157812 Global Modeling Macroeconomic Impacts and Andrew Burns, Calvin Djiofack Global Externalities: Energy Subsidy Zebaze, Dinar Prihardini Reform Assessment Framework (ESRAF) Good Practice Note 7 P157812 Global Local Environmental Externalities due to Santiago Enriquez, Bjorn Larsen, Energy Price Subsidies — A Focus on Air Ernesto Sánchez-Triana Pollution and Health: Energy Subsidy Reform Assessment Framework (ESRAF) Good Practice Note 8 P157812 Global Assessing the Political Economy of Gabriela Inchauste, David G. Energy Subsidies to Support Policy Victor, Eva Schiffer Reform Operations: Energy Subsidy Reform Assessment Framework (ESRAF) Good Practice Note 9 esmap.org P157812 Global Designing Communication Campaigns Heather Worley, Sara Bryan for Energy Subsidy Reform: (ESRAF) Pasquier, Ezgi Canpolat Good Practice Note 10 Journal of Global When Starting with the Most Expensive Adrien Camille Vogt-Schilb, Guy Environmental Option Makes Sense: Optimal Timing, Meunier, Stephane Hallegatte Economics and Cost, and Sectoral Allocation of Management, Abatement Investment Vol. 88 (2018) Live Wire 2017/79 Global Rural Electrification Using Shield Wire Franklin K. Gbedey, David Vilar Schemes Ferrenbach, Tatia Lemondzhava Live Wire 2017/82 Global Exploiting Synergies between Rooftop Pedzi Makumbe Solar PV and Energy Efficiency Investments in the Built Environment WB Policy Research Global Charting the Diffusion of Power Sector Vivien Foster, Samantha Helen Working Paper Reforms across the Developing World Witte, Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee, 8235 Alejandro Vega Moreno WB Policy Research Global Cost Recovery and Financial Viability of Joern Torsten Huenteler, Istvan Working Paper the Power Sector in Developing Dobozi, Ani Balabanyan, Sudeshna 8287 Countries: A Literature Review Ghosh Banerjee WB Policy Research Global Taking Stock of the Impact of Power Robert W. Bacon Working Paper Utility Reform in Developing Countries: 8460 A Literature Review WB Policy Research Global Taking Stock of Economic Regulation of Martin Augusto Rodriguez Working Paper Power Utilities in the Developing World: Pardina, Julieta Schiro 8461 A Literature Review ESMAP IMPACT Global From Lighting Africa to Lighting Global: ESMAP Issue 12 Creating Off-Grid Solar Markets to Light Up the World ESMAP Knowledge Global Energy Analytics for Development: Big Anna Lerner, Zhenia Viatchaninova Series 027/17 Data for Energy Access, Energy Dalphond, Efficiency, and Renewable Energy Matthew Gee, Thomas Plagge ESMAP Technical Global Getting to Gender Equality in Energy Maria Beatriz Orlando, Vanessa Report 012/18 Infrastructure Lopes Janik, Pranav Vaidya, Nicolina Angelou, Ieva Zumbyte, Norma Adams P144213 Indonesia Incentivizing a Sustainable Clean Yabei Zhang, Laurent Durix, Cooking Market: Lessons from a Voravate Tuntivate, Norma Adams Results-Based Financing Pilot in Indonesia P163340 Kyrgyz Energy Subsidy Reform Facility Country ESMAP ESMAP Country Republic Brief: Kyrgyz Republic Profile ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 P157685 Kyrgyz Small Hydro Power Plant in the Kyrgyz Katharina B. Gassner, Elena Merle- Republic Republic: Assessment of Potential and Beral, Olga Terenteva, Nicole Development Challenges Rosenthal, Denzel J. Hankinson ENGLISH | RUSSIAN P158942 LCR Energy Markets in Latin America: Luiz Maurer, Susana Moreira, Emerging Disruptions and the Next Catiana Garcia- Kilroy, Christophe Frontier de Gouvello, Juan Benavidez, David Reinstein, Jiemei Liu 978-1-4648-1104-3 LCR Fiscal and Welfare Impacts of Electricity Marco Antonio Hernandez Oré, WB Directions in Subsidies in Central America Luis Álvaro Sánchez, Liliana D. Development Sousa, Leopoldo Tornarolli P144569 LCR Opportunities and Challenges for Laura Berman, Thrainn Fridriksson, Scaling-up Geothermal Development in Ximena Rosio Herbas Ramirez, LAC Migara Jayawardena, John Armstrong, Stan Peabody, Juan Turner, Sergio Aurelio Rivera Zeballos ESMAP IMPACT Lao PDR Bringing Power to Lao PDR’s Rural Poor ESMAP Issue 13 P151262 Lao PDR Why Measuring Energy Access for Veronica Mendizabal Joffre, Helle Women Makes Smart Business: The Buchhave Case of Lao PDR P145350 Madagascar Hydropower Atlas of Madagascar Oliver Knight P153084 Madagascar Energy Subsidy Reform Facility Country ESMAP ESMAP Country Brief: Madagascar Profile P151289 Malawi Solar Resource Mapping in Malawi: Oliver Knight Annual Solar Resource Report P146018 Maldives Wind Resource Mapping in the Oliver Knight Maldives: Site Installation Reports Live Wire 2017/83 MNA Shedding Light on Electricity Utilities in Daniel Camos, Robert Bacon, the Middle East and North Africa: Antonio Estache, Mohamad Insights from a Performance Diagnostic Mahgoub Hamid 978-1-4648-1182-1 MNA Shedding Light on Electricity Utilities in Daniel Camos, Robert Bacon, WB Directions in the Middle East and North Africa: Antonio Estache, Mohamad M. Development Insights from a Performance Diagnostic Hamid ESMAP IMPACT Morocco Beyond Electricity: How Morocco’s Solar ESMAP Issue 14 Plant Is Benefiting Communities and Women and Shaping the Region’s Future Live Wire 2017/80 Peru Promoting Productive Uses of Electricity Janina Franco, V. Susan Bogach, in Rural Electrification Programs: Inés Perez Arroyo, Maite Lasa Experience from Peru P163822 The The Philippines - Options for Financing Yuriy Myroshnychenko, Jas Singh, Philippines Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings Dilip Limaye, Raymond Marquez esmap.org P156666 Rwanda Rwanda – Beyond Connections: Energy Bryan Bonsuk Koo, Dana Access Diagnostic Report based on the Rysankova, Elisa Portale, Niki Multi-Tier Framework Angelou, Sandra Keller, Gouthami Padam P158779 Serbia Energy Subsidy Reform Facility Country ESMAP ESMAP Country Brief: Serbia Profile Live Wire 2017/86 Tanzania Data as an Enabler in the Off-Grid Christopher Arderne, Yann Tanvez, Sector: Focus on Tanzania Pepukaye Bardouille 978-1-56973-923-5 Tanzania Accelerating Mini-Grid Deployment in Lily Odarno, Estomih Sawe, Mary Joint Publication Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Swai, Maneno J.J. Katyega, and Tanzania Allison Lee P145287 Tanzania Small Hydro Mapping Report in Oliver Knight Tanzania: Phase 3 - Production of Validated Small Hydro Atlas Small Hydro Resource Mapping in Tanzania: Hydropower Atlas: Final Report Small Hydro Resource Mapping in Tanzania: Prefeasibility Study: Muhuwesi Small Hydro Resource Mapping in Tanzania: Prefeasibility Study: Muyovozi Small Hydro Resource Mapping in Tanzania: Prefeasibility Study: Samvya Small Hydro Resource Mapping in Tanzania: Site Investigation Report P162236 Turkey Turkey - Rooftop Solar Market ESMAP Assessment: Final Report P162450 Ukraine Sustainable Mobility for Odessa: A Road Antonio Benigno Nunez Map for Improving Accessibility and Energy Efficiency P145513 Vietnam Solar Resource Mapping in Vietnam: Oliver Knight Site Installation Report P145271 Zambia Renewable Energy Wind Mapping for Oliver Knight Zambia: 12-Month Site Resource Report Wind Resource Mapping in Zambia: Tower Commissioning Report Wind Resource Mapping in Zambia: 12 Month Site Resource Report ESMAP | Annual Report 2018 Copyright © 2018 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ THE WORLD BANK GROUP 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, or its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. 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