ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FOR GANSU REVITALIZATION AND INNOVATION PROJECT (P158215) Gansu Provincial Culture Department and Gansu Financing Holding Group December 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Environmental and Social Legal Requirements ....................................................... 1 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION.................................................................................. 4 3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE ................................................... 8 3.1 Physical Environment ............................................................................................... 8 3.2 Ecological Environment .......................................................................................... 10 3.3 Physical Cultural Resources (PCRs) ..................................................................... 10 3.4 Socio-Economic Context ......................................................................................... 11 3.5 Environmental Quality ............................................................................................. 11 4 ESMF FOR COMPONENT 1 & 3 .......................................................................11 4.1 Purpose and Scope of the ESMF ........................................................................... 11 4.2 Subproject Description and Screening of Potential Impacts .................................. 12 4.3 Procedures to Address Safeguards Issues ............................................................ 12 4.4 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure for the ESMF .............................. 14 4.5 Implementation Arrangements and Capacity Building ........................................... 14 5 ENVIRONMENTAL and Social ASSESSMENT FOR COMPONENT 2 ............ 15 5.1 Environmental and Social Benefits ........................................................................ 15 5.2 Analysis of Alternatives .......................................................................................... 16 5.3 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................................. 18 5.4 Environmental Due Diligence of Associated Facilities ........................................... 27 5.5 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure .................................................... 28 5.6 Environmental and Social Management Plan ........................................................ 28 6 Conclusions .................................................................................................... 30 ANNEXES Annex 1 Summary of environmental & social mitigation measures for Component 2 Annex 2 Summary of PCRs Protection Measures for Component 2 Annex 3 Summary of environmental monitoring plans for Component 2 LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 Compliance with the World Bank Safeguards Policies Table 2-1 Description of the Project Components Table 5-1 The PCRs Identified in the Subproject Areas under Component 2 Table 5-2 Associated WWTPs of the Subprojects under Component 2 Table 5-3 Cost Estimate of Environmental Management under Component 2 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1 Location of the Subprojects under Component 2 Figure 4-1 Organizational Structure of Environmental Management for Component 2 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Strategic Context. Challenges. Gansu Province faces four main challenges. Firstly, it is the poorest province in China. It faces severe development challenges and significantly lags-behind other provinces in most economic and social indicators. Gansu’s per capita income is less than half of the national average, and a mere 23 percent of leading provinces. Measured by per capita disposable income, access and quality of infrastructures, Gansu ranks as the last among all provinces. Secondly, while several towns and villages in Gansu have cultural or natural endowments, they need significant investments in regeneration and income-generating opportunities. Thirdly, Gansu lacks strong financial institutions and the capacity to leverage its endowments for economic development. Institutional capacity for managing and promoting endowments is also poor in Gansu. Finally, the provincial government does not have much experience in working with the private sector in leveraging resources and managing public assets. Public-private partnership in financing and operating municipal assets is still at a nascent stage. Opportunities: Gansu has recently undergone a major economic transformation toward a service- based economy, which demonstrates significant potential for sustainable development in future. Gansu could leverage its rich, but underutilized endowments, that have huge potential to contribute to local economic development. The richness and uniqueness of endowments and human skills of creative industry in Gansu ranks 5th among China's provinces, and thus constitute a unique competitive edge and comparative advantage to further develop its service sector, including creative industries, as part of the provincial strategy of economic transformation, poverty reduction and shared prosperity. The rapidly growing service and creative industries have been widely recognized as green and sustainable development sectors. Environment category. The Project has been classified as Category A following the World Bank’s safeguards policies, which requires full environmental and social assessment. As entrusted by the Provincial Project Management Offices (PPMOs), namely Gansu Provincial Culture and Tourism Department (GPCTD) and Gansu Financial Holding Group Co. Ltd (GFHG), the consulting firm Lanzhou University Applied Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., prepared the environmental assessment (EA) for the Project in accordance with China’s laws, regulations and technical guidelines, as well as the World Bank’s safeguards policies. A full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), and an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) were prepared. In addition, a set of social safeguards instruments, consisting of a Social Assessment (SA) report, a consolidated Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs), three Resettlement Due Diligent (RDD) reports and a summary RAP for Component 2 and a Social Risk Management Framework (SRMF, including the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and an Ethnic Minority Development Framework (EMDF) for Component 1, have also been prepared by Hohai University, with the main findings and conclusions incorporated in the EIA, ESMP and ESMF respectively. This document is the Executive Summary (ES) of all the above safeguards documents for the Project. The summary of the ESMF on Component 1 & 3 is presented in Chapter 4; and the summary of the EIA and ESMP of Components 2 is shown in Chapter 5. 1.2 Environmental and Social Legal Requirements The Project is in full compliance with applicable Chinese laws, policies and regulations, such as the Environmental Protection Law, the Environmental Impact Assessment Law, and the Notice on Strengthening EIA Management for Construction Projects Funded by Loans from International Financial Institutions etc. Based on the safeguards screening, the project triggers totally eight World Bank’s safeguards policies, as summarized in Table 1-1. In addition, three World Bank Group (WBG)’s Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are also deemed applicable to the Project, respectively the general guidelines, the one on water and sanitation and one for waste Page 1 of 34 management facilities. By comparing these applicable EHS guidelines with the equivalent national environmental standards, more stringent national standards apply to the environmental assessment and environmental management of the Project. Page 2 of 34 Table 1-1: Triggering and Compliance with the World Bank’s Safeguards Policies Safeguards Compliance Policy Environmental  Though the anticipated negative environmental and social impacts are mostly site- Assessment specific and temporary in nature during construction, the project is overall classified (OP / BP4.01) as Category A considering the types of investments and the sensitivity of the cultural sites involved.  Full environmental and social impact assessment has been carried out.  Environmental safeguards documents have been prepared, including: (i) an ESMF for Component 1 & 3; (ii) a full EIA and an ESMP for Component 2; and (iii) an ES for the whole Project.  Social safeguards documents have been produced, including: RPF and EMDF for Component 1; one SA report, one consolidated RAP, four subproject RAPs and three RDD reports for Component 2.  Two rounds of public consultation have been conducted with the safeguards documents disclosed locally and at the Bank’s external website. Natural  The policy is triggered considering the river rehabilitation activities (no dredging, Habitats mainly slope protection and river banks landscaping) to be supported under (OP/BP4.04) Component 2 and subproject uncertainties of Component 1.  For Component 1, the ESMF has included screening criteria and assessment requirements for the financing of any credit to micro and small enterprises (MSEs) involving natural habitat issues.  For Component 2, ecological impacts assessment has been conducted as part of the EIA, concluding that no critical natural habitat involved or affected. Sufficient measures to mitigate potential impacts on affected non-critical natural habitats are included in the ESMP Forests (OP/BP  Considering sub-loan/subproject uncertainties under Component 1, this policy is 4.36) triggered from precaution perspective. Relevant screening procedure and subproject preparation requirements when the policy is triggered have been incorporated into the ESMF for future implementation. Pest  Considering small-scale farming activities possibly to be supported by Component 1, Management this policy is triggered from precaution perspective. Screening procedure has been (OP/BP4.09) established under the ESMF to determine whether this policy will be triggered by selected subprojects and the policy requirements incorporated into the ESMF for future implementation when applicable. Indigenous  For Component 1, an EMDF has been developed and included in the ESMF Peoples considering subproject uncertainties. (OP/BP4.10)  Current proposal of Component 2 involves no indigenous people issue. Physical  For Component 1, the ESMF has included corresponding screening criteria and Cultural assessment requirements to prepare any subproject involving PCR issues. Resources  For Component 2, Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) has been prepared during the (OP/BP4.11) preparation of the project FSR and EIA. A specific Physical Cultural Resource Management Plan (PCRMP) has been prepared and included in the ESMP. Involuntary  For Component 1, a Social Risk Management Framework (SMF, with the integration Resettlement of Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and Ethnic Minority Development (OP/BP4.12) Framework (EMDF)) has been developed and included in the ESMF considering subproject uncertainties.  For Component 2, implementation is expected to result in the physical displacement of 96 persons and the economic displacement of 22 persons, and a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared. Safety of Dams  Considering sub-loan/subproject uncertainties under Component 1, this policy is (OP/BP 4.37) triggered from precaution perspective. Relevant screening procedure and subproject preparation requirements when the policy is triggered have been incorporated into the ESMF for future implementation. Page 3 of 34 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION PDO Statement. The project development objective is to increase income-generating opportunities and to improve the living conditions in the project area, strengthen institutional capacity of participating financial institutions, local and provincial governments, and disseminating project’s experience globally. The focus of the project is to reduce the last pockets of poverty through last mile connectivity between urban and rural settlements, critical improvement to local infrastructure, and by enabling small and micro enterprises to connect to the growing service economy. The project adopts an integrated approach of using local endowments and human capital and traditional/artisan skills as drivers for local economic development and job creation. The total project beneficiaries are 6,155,600, including about 40% considered to be among the bottom 40% of income groups. The total poverty population of the five project prefectures is estimated at 1.4 million. In parallel, and processed as a joint program to the Board, IFC will provide a senior loan of US$50 million to a national-level microfinance institution with a good presence and outreach in Gansu, i.e., China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation (CFPA), to support micro-enterprises in Gansu Province. The project intends to contribute to the implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan of Gansu Province (2016-2020), and the Chinese Civilization Inheritance and Innovation Master Plan. Anchored by the Gansu Poverty Alleviation Strategy, the focus of the project is to reach pockets of poverty with last mile connectivity between urban and rural settlements, critical improvement to local infrastructure, and by facilitating small and micro enterprises to connect to the growing service economy. The project adopts an integrated approach of using local endowments and human capital and traditional/artisan skills as drivers for local economic development and job creation. Expected PDO Level Indicators: • Number of jobs created by project-supported MSEs and new facilities (disaggregated by bottom 40% and gender). • Amount of commercial capital leveraged as a result of project interventions. • % of supported MSEs who agree project inputs were beneficial to their business. • Number of people benefiting from improved living conditions in the project areas (disaggregated by bottom 40% and gender). • % of beneficiaries who agree that the project improved their living conditions (disaggregated by bottom 40% and gender). • Increased capacity of financial institutions in credit risk management, corporate governance and Fintech. • Integrated culture and tourism strategies adopted and budgeted in provincial and local plans. • Number of global and national knowledge dissemination events completed (conferences, workshops and Expos). The Borrower’s integrated project approach is structured around three pillars/components that support development of a) financial services; b) targeted interventions in infrastructure and public services, especially targeting the last mile; and c) institution building and transfer of knowledge globally. Proposed investments are interrelated and supplementary to each other to maximize benefits to lower-income communities in Gansu Province, enhance local economy, and build stronger institutions to sustain local economic development. The scope of these components is summarized below. Component 1: Community Economic Development (Total Investment: US$150 million, IBRD: US$50 million equivalent, Bank of Gansu: US$100 million). The objective of the component is to establish a sustainable credit market for micro and small enterprises (MSEs) on cultural, tourism and creative industry in Gansu Province. The component will establish with Gansu Finance Holding Group (GFHG), and Bank of Gansu as the Page 4 of 34 participating financial institutions (PFI), a Line of Credit (LoC). This component will only finance a positive list of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) on cultural, tourism and creative industry sectors, that fall under Environment Assessment (EA) Category C or B. Relevant capacity building and technical assistance, e.g., business start-up advisory service to MSEs, impact evaluation and capacity building to GFHG and GFGC, will be provided under Component 3 to increase synergy, success and sustainability. The component will support the following activities: Private Sector and Industry Development through the Provision of Financing for Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) Development. The IBRD-financing of this component will directly be on- lent to GFHG, which is the wholesaler financial intermediary and the project implementing unit for this subcomponent. Through a subsidiary agreement GFHG will extend to Bank of Gansu a line of credit to provide sub-loans to eligible MSEs already operating or starting to operate in the culture, tourism, or creative industry in Gansu Province. Bank of Gansu will provide matching funds of US$100 million. To maximize impacts, no less than 40 percent of the subcomponent will be invested in micro enterprises, with each single credit of no more than US$50,000; whereas the remaining 60 percent of the subcomponent will be invested in small enterprises, with each single credit of no more than US$500,000. To ensure synergy with Component 2 and 3, and to maximize geographical coverage, no less than 40 percent of the subcomponent will be invested in the project’s prefectures of Tianshui, Dingxi, Zhangye, Jiayuguan, and Jiuquan, whereas the remaining 60 percent of the subcomponent can be invested in other prefectures of Gansu Province. The impact of this component will be further increased as a result of the provision by IFC of a senior loan of US$50 million to the CFPA microfinance institution to support the lending to micro-enterprises in Gansu Province on culture, tourism, and creative industry; and the provision by CFPA of a co- investment alongside IFC, equivalent to US$100 million. Also, to increase the impact of Component 1 of the Project, it is expected that GFHG will invest US$50 million as paid-in-capital into the newly established Gansu Financing Guarantee Company (GFGC). The GFGC will use the paid-in capital investment to back up guarantees to be extended to financial institutions lending to MSEs, against the risk of payment default of such MSEs, up to an estimated amount equivalent to US$200 million. Component 2: Urban-Rural Regeneration and Sustainable Development (IBRD: US$114 million equivalent). This component aims to link the low-income groups and bottom 40% to main transport/trade corridor growth to benefit from, and contribute to, its development. This is done through targeted investments in infrastructure of the last mile and providing the missing link. The objective of the component is to improve living conditions and create more income-generating opportunities through regeneration of selected city centers, small towns and villages, and development of the cultural, tourism and creative industry. The component design adopts a “Hubs and Spokes” spatial concept of economic clustering and local economic development. Under the five prefectures (including eight districts/counties), a total of five “hubs” and four “spokes” have been strategically selected for this component through the project preparation process and an economic geography analysis. The project’s integrated interventions in hubs and spokes will support Gansu in developing a series of tourism circuits and creative-industry products that are accessible (i.e., well-connected through transport), productive (i.e., leveraging local endowments to develop the creative industry and thus generating jobs and revenues), varied (i.e., a series of unique offerings that are not competing or repetitive within the province), attractive (i.e., encouraging tourists to stay longer in Gansu and spend more on local economy), and high-quality (i.e., good infrastructure and services, and authentic tourism experiences). These, together, will strengthen the service and creative industry as a core pillar of economic development in Gansu. This component will support the following activities: Subcomponent 2.1: Regeneration of Selected Historic City Cores, Small Towns and Villages. a) regeneration of old buildings and public spaces to support walkability; Page 5 of 34 b) rehabilitation of municipal services and infrastructure; and c) development of tourism services and facilities. Activities under this subcomponent contribute to climate co- benefits and include: retrofitting and renovating traditional houses, courtyards, and facades; reconfiguration of houses for interested households to operate MSEs; rehabilitation and upgrading of urban and rural roads; provision of basic services and environmental infrastructure such as drainage, sewer, electricity, heating, garbage bins, public toilets, firefighting facilities, small wastewater treatment plants, solid waste transfer stations; upgrading, paving, landscaping, and greening of community public spaces; installation of streetlights and signage systems; upgrading of public transport to clean-energy systems for residents and tourists; protection of old city walls, trees, and wells; and associated tourism infrastructure and facilities (e.g., information centers, toilets, signage, seating, ecological parking, clean-energy shuttle buses, monitoring systems. viewing platforms and towers, bird watching and protection facilities, small jetties, management houses, and ecological parking lots; clean-energy shuttle buses; smart site management systems such as internet, digital management systems). Subcomponent 2.2: Development of Creative Industry. a) development of exhibitions and discovery centers; and b) development of intangible heritage incubation and production centers. This subcomponent will support the creative industry in Gansu through conserving and promoting intangible heritage, as well as providing clustered and conducive spaces of production, research, presentation, and exchange of knowledge and experience. Investments under this subcomponent include Majiayao Colored Pottery Discovery Center, Tongwei Calligraphy and Painting Center, Tianshui Yellow River Lacquerware Intangible Heritage Center, and Jiuquan Cultural Research and Exhibition Center. Nearby villages where artisan masters live, and produce will be regenerated under component 2.1 to improve production conditions and enable tourists to visit, experience and spend on local communities. Some visitors may also stay overnight in homestays. Activities under this subcomponent include: production bases and facilities for the creative industry; product exchange markets for the creative industry; cultivation spaces for MSEs; training spaces and facilities for communities; intangible cultural heritage research centers; exhibition and performance spaces; information and management centers; as well as their associated infrastructure such as signage, ecological parking, greening and landscaping, water supply, electricity, drainage, sewer, solid waste collection and transfer, small wastewater treatment plants. Innovative revenue generating elements (i.e., entrance fees, souvenir shops, performance auditorium or rent space for art exhibition) are integrated in the design of every facility under Components 2.1 and 2.2. Revenues will cover the O&M cost for sustainability and attract private operators/SOEs to lease and pay annual fees. Such lease fees would help municipal governments to repay the Bank loan. Component 3: Institution Building and Global Knowledge Transfer (IBRD: US$16.0 million equivalent). This component aims to strengthen the institutional capacity in Gansu for economic and social development, using tourism, cultural and creative industry as a competitive pillar for economic development and poverty alleviation. Proposed activities would incentivize private investments in the “hubs and spokes” and improve planning, policies, regulations and institutions capacity to improve the business environment for the private sector to grow in equitable and sustainable manner. This includes i) strengthening local governments and the recently-merged provincial department of culture and tourism for better planning, policies and regulations; ii) building the institutional capacity of GFHG and GFGC as new financial institutions in charge of micro credit and guarantees in Gansu to establish a sustainable credit market for MSEs and incentivize private sector investments; iii) improving the business environment for MSEs credit market; and iv) providing advisory services and incentives to MSEs to locate and grow and “hubs and spokes”. Page 6 of 34 The component includes the following activities: i) carrying out of studies and development of sustainable site management plans, improved policies and regulations, marketing strategies, and branding & promotional activities of Gansu; ii) provision of technical assistance, trainings and business advisory services to communities, MSEs, participating financial institutions, and local and provincial officials; iii) provision of support for the project management and implementation, including compliance with environmental, social and fiduciary obligations, design institutes, project management, construction supervision, monitoring and evaluation of the Project impact; and iv) dissemination of Gansu knowledge globally. 54. The component will build stronger institutions for Gansu and promotes global knowledge transfer on leveraging development of cultural, tourism and creative industry for poverty reduction. It includes activities such as preparation of circuit tourism development strategies and plans, market demand analysis, microcredit business start-up advisory service, community development plans, marketing and promotion of Gansu Tourism (including advisory service from UNWTO), technical studies on site management plans, promotion of intangible heritage and creative industry (including advisory service from UNESCO), workforce development, learning exchanges, global and domestic knowledge sharing, safeguards monitoring (environment, social impacts, physical cultural resources), monitoring and evaluation of project impacts, socioeconomic evaluation, construction supervision, project management support, procurement agent, and auditing. Gansu’s experience in tourism, culture and creative industry development, including under this project will be curated and shared with other countries with similar development challenges. The project composition is summarized in Table 2-1 below. Table 2-1: Description of Project Components No. Project Components & Description of Activities IBRD Total Location Subprojects Loan Cost (US$ (US$ million) million) 1 Community Economic Development 50.0 150.0 1.1 Gansu Line of Credit (LOC) To provide credits to MSEs on cultural, 50.0 150.0 Province tourism, and creative industry (40% of the joint IBRD and BOG financing will support micro enterprises with credit amount not to exceed US$50,000 for each; and 60% for small enterprises with credit amount not to the exceed US$500,000 for each. 2 Urban-Rural Regeneration and Sustainable Destination Development 114.0 114.0 2.1 Tianshui Visitor facility at Dadiwan Restoration of 36,000 m2 old houses, 2,600 29.4 29.4 cultural site; m2 court yards, and 10,600 m2 public regeneration of squares; construction of 9,250 m2 Longcheng Ancient information/exhibition centers; 28,650 m2 Town, and Shangguan road paving; 36,000 m2 façade Ming-Qing Old Street in rehabilitation; 15,000 m2 landscaping; 38 km Qin’an County (Qin’an roads and pipelines; four small WWTPs with Dadiwan Subproject) a total capacity of 3,650m3/day; 2.40km river rehabilitation, and solid waste equipment etc. 2.2 Construction of Tianshui Construction of 7,355 m2 Lacquerwares 6.0 6.0 Carved Wooden Training Center together with one 50m3/d Lacquerwares Creative small WWTP Industry Center in Maiji District (Tianshui Lacquerwares Subproject) Page 7 of 34 No. Project Components & Description of Activities IBRD Total Location Subprojects Loan Cost (US$ (US$ million) million) 2.3 Rehabilitation of Construction of 3,822 m2 of exhibition center, 9.2 9.2 Shandan Town 8.8 km of roads, one bridge, 23,000 m2 Yuanyang Jade façade rehabilitation, 25km storm drainage, Featured Cultural Town 17.5km sewers, 19km power supply cables, in Wushan County etc., 5 public toilets, etc. (Wushan Yuanyang Jade Subproject) 2.4 Dingxi Construction of Majiayao Construction of an 8000 m2 exhibition center, 18.4 18.4 Red Pottery Creative 25.4km road pavement, 40,000 m2 façade Industry Center in Lintao rehabilitation for houses and shops, 5,808 m2 County (Lintao Majiayao shops, 18,690 m2 public squares, 12,000m2 Subproject) landscaping, 25 km sewers, 8 public toilets, 1200m2 car parking lots, etc. 2.5 Construction of Ink Construction of a 9,200 m2 Cultural Arts 13.2 13.2 Paintings and Center, 2.5 km walking street, and 30,948 m2 Calligraphy Creative public place, etc. Industry Center in Tongwei County (Tongwei Subproject) 2.6 Zhangye Regeneration of Wulan - Reconstruction of 10,830 m2 old buildings 11.9 11.9 Ancient Town Folk into culture exhibition center; Village in Zhangye City - Renovation of 200 houses of 103,692m2, (Zhangye Subproject) together with other associated works in the communities including 13,523m2 landscaping, 7.36 km village roads, street lights for 1,329m2, 408 fire Distinguishers, 1.55 km sewer, 90 garbage bins etc. 2.7 Jiuquan Jiuquan Discovery Construction of a 3-storey research 10.7 10.7 Center and Creative center/library of 12,000m2 Industry 2.8 Dunhuang Posthouse Construction of 7,400 m2 exhibition & 15.2 15.2 Discovery Center & information centers, 8 km roads/plank Service Facility. roads/tracks, 123,500 m2 outdoor exhibition zones, 160 m2 viewing platform and 10,000 m2 camping site, and one 50 m3/d small WWTP 3 Institution Building and Global Knowledge Transfer 16.0 16.0 TOTAL 180.0 280.0 3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE 3.1 Physical Environment (a) Location Gansu Province lies in the upper Yellow River basin in northwestern China. Among the 14 prefectures in Gansu, 4 prefectures (including 8 city/districts/counties along the Silk Road route from east to west) have been strategically selected as the “hubs” (base cities) to achieve the project development objectives, namely Tianshui (including Qin’an County, Wushan County, and Maiji District), Dingxi (including Lintao County and Majiayao County), Zhangye (Ganzhou District), and Jiuquan (including Suzhou District and Dunhuang County-level City). The project location is shown in Figure 3-1. Figure 3-1: Location of the Subprojects under Component 2 Page 8 of 34 (b) Topography Renowned for the complex and diverse landscape, Gansu situates in the convergence zone of Loess Plateau, Tibetan Plateau and Inner Mongolian Plateau, with the altitude above 1,000 m. The topography is characterized by widely distributed mountains, plateaus, plains, river valleys, and deserts. It has a large territory of 425,800 km2 in the shape of a long and narrow strip, with the length of 1,655 km from the east to west and the width of 530 km from the north to south. The terrain slopes from southwest to northeast and varies greatly from region to region. In the southeast, Tianshui and Dingxi are located on the Loess Plateau, topographically dominated by terrace in the valley; while in the northwest, Zhangye and Jiuquan are situated in Hexi Corridor where alluvial plain and Gobi desert are widely spread. (c) Climate The climate in Gansu is dominated by temperate continental monsoon. The average annual temperature is 7.8°C, ranging from 0°C to 14.8°C in different regions within the province. Generally, Gansu has an arid climate with low rainfall and high evaporation. The annual precipitation varies between 42mm and 757mm; and the annual evaporation is from 1,000mm to 3,500 mm. Some regions, especially those in Hexi Corridor, are characterized by fierce winds with the average wind speed of 2.1-4.5m/s. From southeast (Tianshui and Dingxi) to northwest (Zhangye and Jiuquan) in the project-focused areas, the climate varies from semi-humid monsoon type to temperate arid type. The average annual temperature decreases from 10.7°C to 7°C; the average annual precipitation declines from 600 mm to 44.5 mm; and the average annual evaporation increases from 1,200mm to 2,444mm. (d) Hydrology Page 9 of 34 The water resources in Gansu are mainly distributed in nine river systems within the basins of Yellow River, Yangtze River and other inland rivers. The total volume of water resource is 28.94 billion m3/year, of which 97.4% is from surface water and only 2.6% from groundwater. The distribution is unbalanced throughout the province, rich in the southeast (e.g., Tianshui and Dingxi) with abundant precipitation and poor in the northwestern Hexi Corridor (e.g., Zhangye and Jiuquan) despite of the replenishment of melted water from glaciers. Groundwater resources are mainly distributed in the basins of the Yellow River and inland rivers. In the project area, there are tributaries of the Yellow River, such as Yaohe River, Weihe River, Jihe River and Shandan River, also some other inland rivers such as Taolai River and Shule River. There is rich groundwater resource with good quality in Wushan County (Wushan Yuanyang Jade Subproject) and Lintao County (Lintao Majiayao Subproject), so the groundwater serves as the primary drinking water source supplying 6,000m3/d of water to about 60,000 residents in each of the two counties. 3.2 Ecological Environment (a) Fauna and Flora The vegetation in Gansu varies with latitude, climate and landform. In general, the province has a limited forest area and desert vegetation is widely spread. The forests are mainly distributed in the mountainous regions of Qilian, Longnan and at the edge of Gannan Plateau. The main tree species include fir, spruce, quercus, populous, armandii pine and birch. Its total forest area is only 50,745km2 with a coverage rate of 11.28%. There are alpine meadows, sparse vegetation and mountain snowmelt above the forests and steppe or desert steppe below the forests. With diverse landscape, Gansu is home to 659 species of wild animals, of which over 90 species are rare ones under a state protection. However, most of the proposed subprojects will be sited in urban or rural built-up areas. Based on the ecological survey conducted during EA process, the vegetation in the project-affected areas belongs to common plants without rare, threatened or endangered species; and large wildlife no longer inhabits in this area due to human disturbance. Under the Project, a visitor information center will be constructed at the entrance of Fengshan Forest Park, which is a provincial-level forest park in Qin’an County of Tianshui Prefecture with a total land area of 16 km2. The vegetation there is dominated by artificial forests, and only 5 species of national third-class protected birds were found in the park. (b) Soil Erosion In 2016, a total area of 0.28 million km2 suffered from soil erosion in Gansu, accounting for approximately 66% of the province’s total territory. This implies a relatively serious situation of soil erosion in Gansu. The major erosion types are water erosion, wind erosion, gravity erosion, mudflow and frozen erosion. So far, 25% (71,800 km2) of the eroded land has been well controlled, and the rest 75% still need proper management. In the project-affected areas, the primary soil erosion is wind erosion; among others, Maiji Town (Tianshui Lacquerwares Subproject), Mogao Town (Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi Subproject) and Jiantan Town (Zhangye Subproject) are officially listed as key areas for soil erosion control by the provincial government of Gansu. 3.3 Physical Cultural Resources (PCRs) Gansu province is well known as home of grottoes art, cultural heritage sites, magnificent natural scenery and the key area of the ancient Silk Road route. There are 7 world Cultural Heritage Sites (CHSs), 153 national-level Heritage Conservation Units (HCUs), 577 provincial HCUs, and 3,880 city or county level HCUs. Based on the survey conducted during project preparation, nine PCR sites were identified within the project-affected scope under five subprojects as shown in Section 5.1. Page 10 of 34 3.4 Socio-Economic Context Gansu, a hinterland province, is one of the least developed provinces among all the 31 provinces in China. It consists of 12 prefecture-level municipalities and 2 autonomous prefectures with Lanzhou as the capital city. The total population was 26.26 million in 2017, 53.6% of which were in rural areas. Han Chinese constitute the main ethnic group in Gansu, and there are 54 ethnic minorities with 2.2 million people, accounting for 8.7% of the province’s total population. The GDP of Gansu was RMB 767.7 billion in 2017, which ranked the fifth lowest province in China; and the per capita GDP for 2017 was RMB 29,236, less than 50% of the national average level and ranking the second poorest province. About 4.18 million rural population still lived below the national poverty line in 13 prefectures in 2016. In comparison with other provinces, Gansu is also less developed in terms of infrastructure construction, especially in townships and rural areas with limited access to tap water, wastewater treatment, heat supply and public green areas. Regarding the three major industries’ contribution to GDP, the tertiary sector dominated with a percentage of 46.9%-53.4%. This implies that the service sector has become in the leading position in local economy. The four prefectures selected for Component 2 had a total population of 8.46 million (32.2% of the provincial population), with a total GDP of RMB 190.4 billion (24.8% of the provincial GDP) in 2017. For the GDP per capita, 2 out of the 4 prefectures were lower than the provincial level; and all the 4 prefectures were lower than the national average level. There are a small population of ethnic minorities from Hui, Mongolian, Zhuang and Yugu nationalities living there but ethnically mixed with the Han people. 3.5 Environmental Quality Ambient Air: The overall ambient air quality is improving in Gansu, but there were still 39 days suffering from sandstorm in 2017. The air quality in most of the subproject areas was generally OK; however, there were records of non-compliance (PM10, PM2.5 and TSP) against the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-2012) in Ganzhou District (Zhangye Subproject), Dunhuang (Suzhou Subproject and Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi Subproject) and Qin’an (Qin’an Dadiwan Subproject) in dry and windy days. Surface Water: The water quality of major medium- or large-sized rivers in Gansu is generally good based on the regular monitoring results; however, other watercourses may have different situation in terms of water quality. For the project-affected areas, the collected monitoring results showed that water quality of Qingshui River (Qin’an Dadiwan Subproject), Yingchuan River (Tianshui Lacquerwares Subproject) and Niugu River (Tongwei Subproject) failed to meet applicable standards (GB3838-2002 Surface Water Quality Standard ). The main pollutants were Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Phosphorus (TP), Total Nitrogen (TN), Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and fecal coliform etc., which was mainly caused by the discharge of untreated domestic wastewater along the rivers. Acoustic Environment: In Gansu, the average noise level in urban areas was between 47.6 dB(A) and 56.8 dB(A) in 2017. In the project areas, the acoustic environment quality was generally good in both daytime and nighttime, compliant with the Acoustic Environmental Quality Standard (GB3096- 2008). 4 ESMF FOR COMPONENT 1 & 3 4.1 Purpose and Scope of the ESMF Since the activities to be supported by Component 1 will only be identified during project implementation, a separate Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been developed as the instrument to guide Gansu Financial Holding Group (GFHG) and the Financial Page 11 of 34 Intermediary (FI, namely the Gansu Bank) on environmental and social management during the implementation of Component 1. In compliance with both Chinese environmental laws and regulations and the World Bank’s safeguards policies and EHS guidelines, the ESMF sets out the principles, rules, guidelines, tools and procedures to be applied for proportionate management of environmental and social impacts during the “project cycle” of micro-credit subprojects under Component 1. In addition, the ESMF will also apply to Component 3 during implementation to cover all the TA activities. Following the ESMF, each of the proposed subprojects under Component 1 & 3 will be screened to identify its potential impacts, safeguards policies triggered, EA category, and safeguards instruments to be prepared. The ESMF also describes the requirements on public consultation, information disclosure, institutional arrangement and capacity building which are necessary to guarantee the ESMF implementation. In addition, the document includes in the Annexes useful tools to support the environmental and social management during implementation, especially with regards to the screening of environmental and social safeguards issues, the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) template and the integrated Social Risk Management Framework (SMF, including RPF and EMDF). 4.2 Subproject Description and Screening of Potential Impacts Component 1 will invest no less than 40% of the total US$150 million of loan in the 4 selected prefectures, and the remaining 60% in other prefectures of Gansu. It implies that this component may cover a broader area within the province. The Component is designed to support only the small-scale investments in cultural, tourism, and creative industry that fall under Category B or C. Based on the market demand analysis conducted during project preparation, such activities will mainly include catering, wholesaling and retailing, lodging (countryside complex/homestay/hotels/car camping), tourism products (handicraft) manufacturing and various leisure/tour services. The screening of environmental impacts related to these activities have been conducted during the ESMF preparation. Since the physical investments expected under this Component will be small- scaled and scattered in the province, negative environmental impacts anticipated from their implementation will be mostly site-specific and insignificant, including general construction nuisance (dust, noise, wastewater and solid waste) and minor impacts during operation such as the increase of vehicle exhaust, noise, sewage and domestic solid waste. These impacts can be mitigated to an acceptable level by easily designed measures. However, it is noted that the processing/manufacturing of some handicrafts, such as wooden Lacquerwares carving and straw weaving, will have the potential to generate a small amount of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emission if oil paints are used in the production, which will make the proposed subprojects fall under Category A under China’s EIA regulations and will not be supported by the Component. 4.3 Procedures to Address Safeguards Issues The safeguards management procedures during the subproject “life cycle” will consist of six steps as listed below. Step 1: Subproject Screening The loan applicants (MSEs) should prepare and submit to Gansu Bank the Environmental and Social Screening Form (Annex 1 of the ESMF) together with their project proposal. Gansu Bank, with the assistance of its environmental and social consultants, will complete the environmental screening based on the project information provided and determine to support the proposal under the Component. The following Exclusion Criteria will be applied to the subproject screening and have been integrated into the Environmental and Social Screening Form: (i) A proposal will not be supported if it is not relevant to cultural, tourism, and creative industry; (ii) An enterprise/a proposal will not be supported if it is not compliant with the World Bank safeguards policies or any applicable environmental laws and regulations in China, for Page 12 of 34 example, it is anticipated to occupy or involve significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats/protected areas, such as core zone or buffer zone of a nature reserve, drinking water protection zone, primary grassland, forest park, listed cultural heritage conservation unit, registered ancient trees, etc. (iii) A proposal will not be supported if it is anticipated with significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse or unprecedented, i.e., the project is classified as Category A as defined in the World Bank’s safeguard policy OP/BP4.01 Environmental Assessment or it is required to prepare EIA report for official approval according to China’s EIA law. Step 2: Subproject Categorization and Identification of Safeguards Instruments This component will thus only finance Class B or Class C subprojects based on the screening results of potential safeguards risks. Following Chinese environmental regulations and the Bank’s safeguards policies, the applicable environmental safeguards instruments are defined as below: (i) Category B subprojects: An Environmental Impact Assessment Form (EIA form, according to the requirements of the Chinese laws and regulations) and the Environmental Management Plan (EMP, according to the World Bank OP4.01); and (ii) Category C subprojects: no need for any EA documents, but the projects should be registered in accordance with China’s regulatory requirements. (iii) Subproject triggering other WB safeguards policies (OP4.04, OP4.09, OP4.11, OP4.36 or OP4.37): corresponding impact assessment to be conducted as part of EIA and mitigation measures to be integrated into the EMP, specific instruments may include Physical Cultural Resources Management Plan (PCRMP, for OP4.11), Pest Management Plan (PMP, for OP4.09). Step 3: Preparation of Safeguards Instruments Based on the results of Step 2, the loan applicants will be responsible for the preparation of the required environmental safeguards documents according to Chinese laws/regulations and the World Bank’s safeguards policies. A template of EMP (including PCRMP, PMP) is provided in the ESMF. All the environmental safeguards documents will be submitted to the FI in Chinese. Step 4: Review and Approval The loan applicant should be responsible for following domestic EIA review and approval procedure in compliance with the Chinese regulations. At the same time, the EA documents and domestic approval (when applicable) should be submitted to the FI and be reviewed and cleared by the environmental manager in the FI with the supports of external professional consultants. The World Bank will only conduct post-review of EA documents on a random basis during the Component implementation. More specifically: (i) Category B subprojects: EIA Form to be reviewed and approved by local Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB); while the EIA approval and EMP should be submitted to the FI for review and clearance.; (ii) Category C projects: Only the online environmental impact registration and filing in the Chinese EPB system should be completed if applicable , and the completed online Environmental Impact Registration Form (EIRF, with the official seal of the enterprise) generated automatically should be submitted to the FI for review. Step 5: Implementation and Supervision The loan applicants, namely the MSEs, are responsible for the implementation of the environmental mitigation measures as described in the EA documents; and their environmental performance will be supervised by Gansu Bank with the assistance of its environmental consultants, and the World Bank will carry out irregular spot check on the implementation of EMPs for Category B subprojects. Step 6: Monitoring and Evaluation The FI should hire qualified environmental consultant to monitor the effectiveness of EMP Page 13 of 34 implementation. This will enable the government and the World Bank to evaluate the performance of the ESMF and take corrective actions when necessary. In addition, three more tasks will be implemented throughout the subproject “life cycle”, namely (1) public consultation and information disclosure, (2) Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) and (3) Archive management and reporting. Public Consultation and Disclosure For Category B and C projects, information disclosure and public consultation are required, At least one (1) round of information disclosure and public consultation should be conducted during subproject preparation. Public consultation should be targeted at the project-affected persons and other identified stakeholders/interested parties to seek their opinions during subproject planning and implementation to maximize environmental benefits of the subprojects and to timely address their concerns on potential negative environmental impacts. Relevant documents/information should be disclosed in the ways easily accessible for the affected groups and other interested groups. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) The Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) should be established by the GFHG and the FI during subproject preparation and implementation to accept, handle and respond to the complaints from individuals or groups on subproject-related environmental issues. Archiving and Reporting Semi-annual progress reports should be prepared by Gansu Bank with the assistance of its environmental consultants to reflect the implementation of ESMF and submitted to the World Bank and the PPMO once every half a year. All the safeguards documents, including but not limited to, the subproject proposal, approved EIA form, EIR form approval and EMPs, should be properly archived by Gansu Bank. 4.4 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure for the ESMF Two rounds of public consultation were conducted in the selected subproject areas during the EA process of Component 1. The first round took place in July - August 2018. A consultation meeting was held with the public to seek their opinions on the ESMF. The second round of consultation with Gansu Bank, the PPMO and other related parties was carried out in late August 2018 after the draft ESMF was completed. The ESMF was updated based on the comments received. The component description, the environmental screening criteria and the contact information have been disclosed locally with the full ESMF uploaded to the official website of the PPMO; and the full ESMF was also disclosed at the Bank’s external website on Oct. 24th, 2018. 4.5 Implementation Arrangements and Capacity Building The institutional arrangements of environmental management for Component 1 is shown in Figure 4- 1. Among which, the GFHG, the FI and the loan applicants will play important roles in safeguards compliance during the implementation of Component 1. For Component 3, the Gansu Provincial Culture Department (GPCD) and its PPMO will take the main responsibilities to implement ESMF for TA activities identified during project implementation. Based on the assessment of their existing capacity on safeguards management, the ESMF has also develop a detailed capacity building program to ensure the effectiveness of ESMF implementation. Figure 4-1: Organizational Structure of Environmental Management for Component 1 Page 14 of 34 5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT FOR COMPONENT 2 5.1 Environmental and Social Benefits The project is expected to bring overall positive environmental and social impacts through the conservation of cultural relics and traditional houses, the upgrading and paving of access roads, the building of wastewater collection and treatment system and landscaping in the selected communities. Economic development: The ancient houses, court yards, old streets, public squares and cultural heritage sites will be regenerated so that residents and communities can keep their sociocultural identities and attract more tourists and investments. Supported with the micro-credit opportunities under Component 1, local people can establish MSEs to better utilize the improved cultural and tourism resources, and hence improve their living conditions. As a result, it is expected that the income of local people can be increased by about RMB 7,945 per year. Moreover, the renovated areas will be integrated into the overall tourism circuit of Gansu, which can largely promote the tourism industry growth and economic development in these areas. Improvements of municipal infrastructure: As one of the key objectives for the Project, the urban and rural municipal infrastructure will be improved to serve local communities. The project activities include the construction or rehabilitation of 23.5km water distribution pipelines, 2.5km heat supply pipelines, 39 km storm drains, 92.5km sewers, 6 small WWTPs with a total capacity of 3,750m3/day, 32 public toilets, 10 Domestic Solid Waste (DSW) collection sites, and 2 DSW transfer stations. All these investments are integral parts of local governments’ master plans and will help to facilitate the development of selected less developed city/towns/counties. Pollution control and environmental improvement: With the improvements of sanitation infrastructure under Component 2, about 13,000t/y of DSW will be collected for proper disposal, instead of being dumped in the environment and eventually polluting local rivers; and 1,042,300 m3 of wastewater that are directly discharged into local water bodies will get treated to reduce 416.9 tons of COD, 260.6 tons of BOD5 and 41.7 tons of NH3-N discharged into watercourse every year. This will contribute to and synergize with ongoing pollution control and environmental improvement plans, programs and investments in the areas. Drinking water source protection: The above DSW and wastewater management solutions will also help protect the drinking water sources (groundwater) from being further polluted by improperly managed DSW and untreated wastewater in the areas. Landscape and ecosystem improvement: Urban and rural landscape will be upgraded after the regeneration and renovation activities, by lifting 276,000 m2 of façade of traditional buildings, constructing or upgrading 51 km of roads, rehabilitating 4,800 m2 of river banks and ditches, and building 40,000 m2 of green areas, etc. These will not only increase the aesthetic values of local Page 15 of 34 landscape, but also improve the quality of ecological environment. Social development: The investments in urban and rural regeneration will improve basic infrastructure, renovate urban and rural settlements, increase residents’ living standard, create more job opportunities, and reduce poverty. It’s estimated that the total direct project beneficiaries will be 77,663 persons, and the total indirect beneficiaries will be 2.12 million people. At the same time, the production facilities and product exchange markets for the creative industry, training spaces for communities, and intangible cultural heritage research and exhibition centers that are to be built under the Project will promote cultural heritage conservation and cultural development in Gansu. 5.2 Analysis of Alternatives Various alternatives, including “no project” scenario, have been identified and compared during the EA process to avoid or minimize potential adverse environmental and social impacts. The comparison was conducted from technical, economic, environmental and social points of view. The project design has been optimized based on the results of alternative analysis. (a) With and Without Project Without the Project, no land acquisition or resettlement will be needed and there will be no negative impact (such as noise, dust, wastewater and solid waste) resulting from project construction and operation. However, the social value of relevant cultural heritage resources is expected to lessened due to the lack of appropriate maintenance or conservation-based development; the urban and rural infrastructure would not get improved to serve the communities; local environment would remain under the pressures of deterioration because of the improperly managed wastewater and solid waste; and the project area would continue to face the poverty status and local residents would keep living in the poor conditions. In addition, without the urban and rural regeneration activities, alternative large- scale resettlement or planned urban gentrification would be needed to achieve the objectives of the Project, then more investment will be required and more social and environmental impacts such as land acquisition and natural resources disturbance would be generated. The “With Project” scenario will effectively resolve the above issues, and generate significant economic, social, and environmental benefits for the project region. The urban and rural regeneration activities can improve local residents’ livelihoods, reduce poverty and hence promote economic development in such areas. Urban and rural municipal infrastructure will also be improved by constructing 92.5 km sewer pipelines, 6 small WWTPs, 10 DSW collection sites and 2 DSW transfer stations. They will contribute to treat 1,042,300m3 of domestic wastewater and properly dispose 13,000t of DSW every year; also help protect the groundwater as drinking water sources from being further threatened by the uncollected waste and/or untreated wastewater. The built-up areas will be improved by restoring 276,000 m2 of façade lifting for ancient houses and court yards, paving 51 km of urban and rural roads, rehabilitating 4,800 m2 of river banks and ditches, and planting 40,000 m2 of green areas etc. This will result in an improved living condition of local people and an attractive investment environment of local areas. It is clear that the “With Project” scenario could induce some adverse environmental impacts (such as dust, noise, and solid waste in construction phase; and domestic wastewater and DSW in operation phase) and social impacts (such as land acquisition and resettlement). However, these impacts can be mitigated or compensated through appropriate measures that have been prepared and included in the ESMP. To conclude, the benefits of the “with project” alternative will greatly overweigh the adverse impacts. Thus, the Project is necessary. (b) Alternatives for Siting Alternatives sites for major structures were analyzed for two subprojects: (i) Under Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi Subproject, two options were studied on siting the information Page 16 of 34 center. The option of combining the information center with the exhibition center to share the same location was selected due to better accessible conditions, less civil works, less land acquisition, less vegetation disturbance, less wastewater and solid waste generated by staff etc. (ii) For Wushan Yuanyang Jade Subproject, to choose the right location of the major structures (the jade cultural complex and the cultural square) in Shandan Town, two alternatives were considered. The location that is outside the Class II protection zone of the drinking water source was selected because of less potential risks to the groundwater source, less permanent land use, less vegetation disturbance, and more harmony between natural scenery and humanity landscape. (c) Alternatives for Wastewater Treatment Technologies New facilities are needed to collect and treat the domestic wastewater generated in the operational phase of 3 subprojects (Qin’an Dadiwan - Dadiwan and Longcheng subareas; Tianshui Maiji; and Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi). Six small-sized buried integrated WWTPs are designed to server these subprojects with a total capacity of 3,750 m 3/d. The alternative technologies for the small WWTPs include buried integrated AO system, buried integrated MBR system and constructed wetland. The buried integrated AO system was chosen due to easier operation & maintenance (O&M) and more stable performance. Sand filters were also designed to supplement the AO process for these WWTPs. (d) Alternatives for Wastewater Management Systems Alternatives of wastewater collection and treatment systems were studied for 4 subprojects: (i) Under Qin’an Dadiwan Subproject, two subareas around Dadiwan Relic Site need new wastewater treatment facilities. Sharing one WWTP to serve both subareas will trigger more permanent land acquisition and the pipelines will have to pass across the protection zone of Dadiwan Relic Site. In the end, the design of two individual small WWTPs was adopted. In this scenario, the green space at Dadiwan Relic Site can be used as the WWTP site with no need of new land acquisition; and construction of pipelines in the heritage protection zone can be avoided as well. (ii) For Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi Subproject, it was selected to build a new small WWTP rather than transport the septic tank-pretreated wastewater using suction sewage trucks to an existing WWTP in its vicinity. The selected option will have less O&M cost and more water reuse. (iii) For Wushan Yuanyang Jade Subproject, a new WWTP to be built in Shandan Town would threaten the safety of the drinking water source located throughout the town. Therefore, the alternative of building a 6 km long sewer pipeline was selected to deliver the wastewater to Wushan Municipal WWTP for treatment. This is expected to protect the drinking water source from potential pollution. (iv) For Lintao Majiayao Subproject, building new sewers was chosen to connect the subproject site to the adjacent WWTP. It will result in less land acquisition, more stable and easier O&M, and less investment, comparing with building a new small WWTP. (e) Other Alternatives Other alternatives were also developed and analyzed on DSW transfer arrangement, water supply systems, and public toilets types etc. (i) The original design of a DSW transfer station under Wushan Yuanyang Jade Subproject was cancelled. Instead, the DSW will be directly transported to the landfill in Wushan County to prevent the potential impacts of the proposed DSW transfer station on the drinking water source. (ii) Two water supply schemes were studied for Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi Subproject. It was chosen to transport water using tank trucks from the relic site to Dunhuang City instead of Page 17 of 34 getting water from the adjacent Tianshuijing Well. This alternative can reduce the negative impacts on groundwater and local ecological environment. (iii) Three types of toilets, namely dry latrine, water flushing toilet, and water free sanitary toilet, were considered as the public toilets to be adopted in the tourism spots and communities to be developed under the Project. The water free sanitary toilets were chosen at last, because they won’t generate wastewater so don’t need sewage systems, and additionally they are clean and safe and meet aesthetic demands. 5.3 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 5.3.1 Identification of Environmental and Social Sensitive Areas/Receptors For the 8 subprojects under Component 2, the following sensitive areas/receptors have been identified during the EA process. Recommendations from the EA consultants have been integrated into the project design to minimize anticipated negative environmental impacts on these identified sensitive areas/receptors, and specific impact analysis has been conducted for these areas in the EA process with mitigation measures developed, which will be presented later in the summary. Surface water: There are six rivers1 within 1km from the proposed subproject sites, but only three of them are identified as environmentally sensitive receptors. Among others, Qingshui River has no more environmental capacity 2 ; the project section of Shandan River (Wushan Yuanyang Jade Subproject) flows through the Class II protection zone of drinking water source (groundwater) in Wushan County; and the Yingchuan River is categorized as Class II water body3. In addition, Lintao Majiayao Subproject is located upstream of the drinking water source (groundwater), therefore, the drinking water source protection zones of these two subprojects are also considered as sensitive areas during the EA process. Air and noise sensitive areas/receptors: Within 35m to the construction sites or to the major noise sources of the subprojects, 41 communities including 9 residential apartment complexes, 20 villages, 10 schools, and 2 clinics will be sensitive to air and noise pollution. This will result in 2,320 affected persons. Most of them will be influenced by short-term construction impacts and a small amount of them will be affected by operation impacts. Ecological sensitive areas: Fengshan Forest Park is a provincial level forest park. A small visitor information center is proposed at the park’s entrance under the Qin’an Dadiwan Subproject. Therefore, the park is identified as the ecological sensitive receptor and the project’s potential indirect impacts on the park have been considered during environmental assessment. PCRs: Totally 9 PCRs are identified in the project-affected areas, including 1 UNESCO world Cultural Heritage Site (CHS), 3 national-level Heritage Conservation Units 4 (HCUs) and 4 provincial-level HCUs in or within the vicinities of 4 subprojects with details shown in Table 5-1. Specific protection measures should be undertaken during construction and operation to avoid or minimize negative impacts on these identified PCRs. Table 5-1: PCRs Identified in Project-affected Areas under Component 2 1 They are Qingshui River (Qin’an Dadiwan Subproject), Niugu River (Tongwei Subproject), Yingchuan River (Tianshui Lacquerwares Subproject), Shandan River (Heihe River Basin, Zhangye Subproject), Taohe River (Lintao Majiayao) and Shandan River (Weihe River Basin, Wushan Yuanyang Jade Subproject). 2 It refers to the maximum capacity for a certain section/part of surface water (river/lake) to receive pollutants while maintaining its defined water use and ecological functions, which is calculated and verified by Chinese environmental protection administrations following applicable technical guideline. 3 The GB3838-2002 Class II standard is applicable to the surface water classified as “Grade I surface drinking water source protection zone, habitats for rare aquatic lives, spawning ground for fish and shrimp and feeding ground for fry.” 4 HCUs refer to the immobile cultural relics under legal protection at different levels of governments (national, provincial, city or county) following the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics. Page 18 of 34 Subproject Name of the PCRs Descriptions of the PCRs Legal Relation between the Protection Subproject and the PCRs Status of the PCRs Qin’an Longquan Ancient Ancient relic of Qing Dynasty NA To set up signs and barriers Dadiwan Well around the ancient well Subproject Dadiwan Relic Site Ancient relic about 4,800- National level The subproject is in the 60,000 years old HCU construction-controlled zone Shangguan Ming- Ancient buildings and streets of Provincial level Sewage and drainage Qing Old Street Ming-Qing dynasties HCU pipelines are to be laid in the protection zone. Zhangye Grain Warehouse Ancient buildings of Ming-Qing Provincial level To construct exhibition Subproject dynasties HCU facilities in the site General’s Mansion Ancient buildings of Qing Provincial level To construct exhibition Complex Dynasty HCU facilities in the site. East Old Gate Ancient building of Han Provincial level Water supply and sewage Tower Dynasty HCU pipelines are to be laid in the protected zone. Lintao Majiayao Relic Site Ancient relic of the Neolithic National level Construction of pipelines Majiayao Age about 3300 years od HCU and rehabilitation of 2 Subproject villages are in Class I construction-controlled area. Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi Ancient relics of Han Dynasty National level Footpath/plank roads are to Xuanquanzhi Posthouse Relic Site HCU & UNESCO be built in the protected Subproject world cultural zone; and lanes to be built site in the construction control area Tianshuijing Well Ancient relics of Han Dynasty; - The subproject is to set up Beacon Tower and registered cultural heritage signs and barriers around the Beacon Tower 5.3.2 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction Under Component 2, the construction activities of the subprojects mainly include renovation of traditional houses and courtyards; rehabilitation and construction of roads, public spaces, and infrastructure (such as drainage and sewer systems, heat supply networks, public toilets, DSW transfer stations, small WWTPs etc.); river bank rehabilitation; landscape restoration and greening; development of heritage exhibition centers; and construction of associated tourism facilities (such as entrances, information centers, toilets, parking lots, and management houses etc.). The impacts caused by the construction activities and the measures to mitigate those impacts are summarized in this section; and the details are included in the ESMP. With the proper measures, the negative impacts generated in construction phase can be avoided, minimized, mitigated or otherwise compensated to an acceptable level. (a) Impacts of wastewater The construction activities will generate a small amount of wastewater, including wastewater from material processing system, oily wastewater from washing construction machinery and vehicles, and domestic wastewater generated by workers etc. Since the quantity of the wastewater is limited, its impacts on the environment will be minor but still likely to pollute the watercourses, contaminate the soils, and affect urban or rural landscape if it is discharged directly without any treatment. Proper measures will be adopted to mitigate these impacts. Simple sedimentation tanks will be set up at the construction sites to settle the processing wastewater, and the treated wastewater will be used for spraying to suppress dust. Simple oil separators together with simple sedimentation tanks will be used to treat the oily wastewater. Domestic wastewater generated by workers will be discharged into local sewers since household buildings will be used as the workers’ camps. For Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi Subproject, a specific construction camp will be set up for the workers since the construction site is far from the urban areas. A set of mobile toilets will be installed in site for the workers, and they will also be used to collect the domestic wastewater generated from the kitchens Page 19 of 34 and washrooms. In a periodic manner, the wastewater will be transported using suction trucks to adjacent manholes and transmitted by sewers to the related WWTP for treatment. (b) Impacts of solid waste Solid wastes mainly include construction wastes (gravel, concrete, waste brick, sand, lime, wood, and earthwork, etc.) and DSW (from workers and construction site preparation). Without proper management, the solid waste will disturb residents’ living environment, hinder people’s movement, induce dust in windy days and cause air pollution, and contaminate water quality if they enter water bodies. Mitigation measures are therefore required to reduce these impacts to an acceptable level. The construction waste will be used for backfilling or ground leveling, with the residual waste transported to and disposed at adjacent landfills for disposal. For most of the subprojects, the DSW generated by the workers will be handled by local sanitation systems where local household buildings will be used by the workers as their camps; while for Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi Subproject, the DSW generated at the specifically established camps will be collected using garbage bins and then transported to adjacent landfills for disposal. Under Qin’an Dadiwan Subproject, 500 tons of DSW will be removed out of the Yanjiagou stream and then transported to Lianhuagou Landfill for disposal. (c) Impacts on water environment Under Qin’an Dadiwan and Wushan Yuanyang Jade subprojects, the proposed river rehabilitation works are mainly to landscape riverbanks, and there is no dredging, water diverting or earth excavation to be carried out in water. Despite the minor impacts, the construction activities are still likely to increase suspended substance in the water bodies and disturb the aquatic ecology. In addition, a small amount of wastewater and solid waste generated in construction activities are also likely to enter the river sections and hence impact the water quality. Besides the above-mentioned wastewater and solid waste management measures, additional measures will be undertaken to prevent the potential water pollution include: shorten construction period and arrange construction activities in dry seasons; reduce the scope of construction sites; set up barriers around the construction sites to block materials and waste from entering the water bodies; set up sedimentation tanks to settle wastewater and reuse it for spraying to suppress dust; build drainage to divert storm water surrounding construction sites; and strengthen construction management to prevent domestic wastewater and solid waste from discharging into the watercourses etc. (d) Impacts on drinking water sources Two subprojects involve issues of drinking water sources. Under Lintao Majiayao Subproject, a section of road is to be rehabilitated about 10 m away to the Class II protection zone of the drinking water source (groundwater). The major civil works include signs and lights installation and green belts construction. The construction activities will not cause severe risks to the drinking water source, but still likely to have indirect impacts on the groundwater by influencing the surface water. It’s therefore forbidden to discard any construction waste into the adjacent Taohe River that is the replenishment source of the groundwater. For Wushan Yuanyang Jade Subproject, the whole subproject area is located in the protection zone of Wushan County’s drinking water source (groundwater). To prevent the wastewater generated in the construction phase to affect the drinking water source, construction sites should be set up far from the Shandan and Weihe rivers that replenish the groundwater, and wastewater should be reused in construction after sedimentation to prevent discharge. The impacts on the drinking water sources caused by the construction activities will be reduced to the acceptable level with the mitigation measures. (e) Impacts on ambient air During the construction, air pollution will be caused by: (i) airborne dust from demolition, earth excavation, earth backfilling, site leveling, construction materials processing, materials and solid waste stockpiling, and vehicle movement etc.; (ii) waste gas emission from vehicles and machinery containing SO2, NO2, non-methane hydrocarbon and other air pollutants; and (iii) exhaust emission Page 20 of 34 from short-term concentrated or long-term dispersed decoration activities before the project facilities become operational. To protect the ambient air quality and prevent the sensitive receptors from the construction air pollution, it’s required to cover the powdered material stockpiles, cover or enclose the materials during transportation, timely clean the material transportation roads, spray water to suppress dust on construction sites and access roads, install fence around construction sites near sensitive areas, halt earth works and material handling activities in windy days, and strengthen vehicle inspection and maintenance to reduce waste gas emission etc. Within 35 m to the construction sites, about 2,320 persons from residential apartment complexes, villages, schools, and clinics will be affected by the air pollution caused by the construction activities under the Project. Among them, 757 persons under 5 subprojects5 will be more sensitively influenced because they are from 10 schools and 2 clinics as the first row of buildings adjacent to the roads/ areas that will be under construction. To protect these people from the construction air pollution, except for the common measures as mentioned above, it is specifically required to install barriers with height of no less than 2 m along the construction sites near the sensitive receptors; inhibit construction at nights, lunch breaks, school hours and exam time; and enforce spraying water for dust reduction in windy days etc. The impacts of air pollution during construction are insignificant, site-specific and temporary. They would be minimized with the proper mitigation measures and disappear after the construction is completed. (f) Impacts on acoustic environment Noise in construction mainly comes from machine operation and vehicle transportation with noise level ranging from 75 dB(A) to 115 dB(A). It was predicated that the noise would exceed the applicable standard within 200 m of adjacent communities. There will be 41 areas involving 2,320 persons sensitive to construction noise, so construction during night should be forbidden. Among them, 757 affected persons from 10 schools and 2 clinics will be the most sensitive receptors. To reduce the noise impacts on these people, it is specifically required to install barriers with height of no less than 2 m along the construction sites near the sensitive areas; inhibit construction at nights, lunch breaks, school hours and exam time; strictly control the schedule of construction and transportation; control vehicle speed; enforce horn ban; properly maintain access roads and vehicles, etc. (g) Impacts on ecological environment Construction activities such as building foundation excavation, road pavement, pipe trenching, land occupation of access roads, and material and waste stockpiling will destroy surface soil and vegetation in the construction sites. Most of the subprojects are located in urban/rural build-up areas, so there is only a small amount of plant species in the construction areas and most of them are widespread artificial plants. The construction activities will reduce the amount of the vegetation; but will not decrease the number of the species nor cause habitat fragmentation. After the construction is completed, the disturbed land would be restored with proper vegetation replanted. Also due to the locations in build-up regions, there are very few wild animals and no national protected animal species in the areas. The construction activities might disturb a few wild animals’ areas of activity, but will not affect the number, composition and structure of their species. The disturbance would disappear after the construction is completed. Under Qin’an Dadiwan Subproject, there will be an information center to be constructed about 20 m to the south of Fengshan Forest Park. Due to the small quantity of civil works, the construction activities will have minor impacts on the forest park. To prevent the potential impacts, it’s forbidden to dispose waste or discharge wastewater into the forest park; it’s prohibited to catch or kill animals; and it’s required to strengthen the awareness of forest fire prevention among the workers etc. 5 They are Qin’an Dadiwan, Lintao Majiayao, Wushan Yuanyang Jade, Tongwei, and Zhangye subprojects. Page 21 of 34 (h) Soil erosion Construction of roads, pipelines and buildings will remove the topsoil and vegetation, and disturb the landform and soil structures. This will lead to increased exposure to soil erosion, bring more pollutants into water, and degrade the productivity of the land and the ecosystem. The total area of land to be disturbed by the subprojects’ construction is about 1.3 km2, which is estimated to cause 6,774.6tonne of soil erosion. To mitigate the adverse impacts, a Water and Soil Conservation Plan (WSCP) has been developed and included in the ESMP. Efforts shall be taken to combine engineering measures with botanical measures. Priority shall be given to implementing engineering measures as they can immediately play an effective role. Botanical measures are supplementary measures, and they can ensure long-term water and soil conservation and beautify the environment in the areas. (i) Impacts on PCRs The construction activities related to the identified PCRs will not involve repair and reinforcement of the PCRs themselves; instead, they will be carried out within the protection areas or the construction control areas or the adjacent areas of the PCRs. This requires a strict enforcement of relevant laws and regulations, and a proper implementation of the mitigation measure developed and presented in the PCRMP. It’s not allowed to carry out any other construction activities within above-mentioned areas of the PCRs without the approval of appropriate authorities. In construction, air-borne dust, vibration, visual impacts and excavation would affect the PCRs negatively; and the repair and reinforcement of the PCRs would also cause impacts on them. The air-borne dust would cause the color of the PCRs changed or faded or cause the strength of the PCRs fragile; and it’s also the media for growing mold on the PCRs. Measures have been designed and included in the PCRMP. To protect the PCRs from the influence of air-borne dust, it’s forbidden to carry out the activities that cause a large amount of air-borne dust near the PCRs; adjacent roads should be cleaned and sprayed with water regularly; and materials should be covered or enclosed during transportation by vehicles. The PCRs are old and poorly maintained, so they are vulnerable to the vibration caused by excavation, backfilling and transportation during construction of buildings, roads and pipelines nearby or setting up exhibition facilities inside the PCRs. It’s therefore required to use light-duty and hand-hold equipment that could generate minor vibration, and use manual digging to keep the PCRs stable. Excavation will disturb the underground cultural relics at Xuanquanzhi, Majiayao and Dadiwan sites. In the areas where there are likely undiscovered underground relics, it’s required to use small-scale artificial excavation to avoid destroying any buried relics. The chance-find procedures must be launched as soon as any suspected relics are discovered. (j) Impacts of resettlement and land acquisition To address land acquisition and resettlement impacts, extensive consultation and investigations were conducted during project preparation. Accordingly, four RAPs and three RDD reports have been developed in accordance with national laws/regulations and the requirements of the World Bank’s BP/OP4.12. The total permanent land acquisition caused by Component 2 will be 280.52 mu. This will affect a population of 96 persons. The total temporary land acquisition will be 11 mu which will affect 14 households, with a population of 42. The plot area of buildings to be demolished is 4,440m2, including rural and urban residential houses, small shops, factories, livestock farm etc. In addition, the economic displacement will affect 22 persons. Page 22 of 34 As for permanent and temporary land acquisition, a compensation plan has been developed and included in the RAPs. The standard for compensation was determined in light of China’s laws and policies, local regulations of Gansu as well as World Bank’s BP/OP 4.12. The institutional framework of resettlement and the grievance redress mechanism are also established in the RAPs. The impacts of land acquisition and resettlement will be mitigated to a minimal level. (k) Social Impacts Through consultation and investigation conducted during project preparation, a Social Assessment (SA) report has been produced to assess the possible social impacts, with main conclusions summarized below. Public safety and health: Labor will mainly be recruited locally, so they won’t have more safety and health risks to local communities. However, the communities will be exposed to the safety risks due to the increased traffic of construction fleet. To prevent any risks in public safety and health, propaganda and education to the construction workers and residents will be educated regarding public security and traffic safety. Training on health care, risks of infectious diseases and environmental protection will be provided to the workers. Aesthetics of the scenic areas: The noise, dust, wastewater and solid waste generated in construction will affect the scene of the tourism areas. Such impacts are temporary, and the scope of the impacts is limited to a small area compared with the large area of the scenic spots. In addition, proper measures to control the noise, dust, wastewater and solid waste will be implemented to reduce the impacts to an acceptable level. Loss of tourism income: The conservation of the PCRs will induce loss of tourism income. Shops, restaurants and other tourism facilities near the construction sites will be closed or affected to cause income losses. Such impacts are expected to be temporary and can be compensated by greatly increased income when the tourist flow grows after the construction is completed. Local traffic: The stockpile of material and waste, truck transportation, roads pavement, buildings renovation and pipeline construction may potentially increase the traffic and induce jams. There will be more such impacts on specific sensitive sites like the schools involved in 5 subprojects. The travels of the students, their parents and teachers would be affected. To mitigate the impacts, it’s required to develop the construction schedule and inform the public about it; optimize the construction plan to reduce the construction period; direct the traffic at rush hours; and set up temporary signs at specific sites near schools etc. Impacts on public facilities: Construction activities of most of the subproject will not affect public service. Only the construction of 6km sewer pipelines under Wushan Yuanyang Jade Subproject will interfere a few sections of national road G316 and Longhai Railway. The pipe laying will be carried out by manual work on the open spaces outside the roadbeds, therefore the influence on the road, the railway and the traffic is minor. Seeking comments and applying for approval from relevant authorities will help reduce the impacts. Resettlement impacts on residents’ livelihood: Land acquisition and resettlement will cause inconvenience to the affected people in their living, farming or commercial activities. A compensation plan has been developed, which will minimize or compensate the disturbance to local residents to a minimal level. 5.3.3 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operation (a) Impacts on wastewater Domestic wastewater generated by residents as well as potential tourists is about 2,208m 3/d in operation phase. Without proper treatment, they would increase environmental pollution and Page 23 of 34 ecological deterioration by contaminating watercourses or soils. 68% of the wastewater will be treated by 6 small WWTPs to be built under Component 2; and the effluent will be reused for municipal irrigation or flushing toilets. The rest 701m 3/d of the wastewater will be transmitted to local municipal WWTPs for treatment, which will not increase the pressure on the existing treatment systems nor lead to the significant increase of pollutants discharged into the receiving rivers. Wastewater will also be generated in some special processes. A small amount of leachate will be generated at the DSW transfer stations to be built under Qin’an Dadiwan and Wushan Yuanyang Jade subprojects. Foundation lining, leakage collection tanks, and small-sized buried integrated WWTPs have been designed for the leakage treatment. Under Wushan Yuanyang Jade Subproject, the jade processing will be undertaken in water. This process will generate wastewater that contains particles; but the wastewater will be returned to the manufacturing processes for reuse after sedimentation. (b) Impacts on Ambient Air Odor emission from wastewater and waste management facilities will have impacts on ambient air. The WWTPs are buried and the DSW transfer stations are covered, so they would cause little odor emission. The organic substance in the DSW will decay and emit unpleasant odor during the collection and transportation. It’s therefore required that the DSW transportation routes should avoid crowded areas, and the vehicles should be enclosed for the DSW transportation. Motor vehicles to serve the tourism development will produce exhaust emission and dust. Instead of private cars, various alternatives will be provided to tourists such as special bus lines, battery cars, and bicycle rental etc. The roads should be cleaned regularly and sprayed with water. Thus, the vehicle traffic will not cause significant impact on the ambient air quality. Oil smoke will be released from the restaurants that will be built under Qin’an Dadiwan, Tongwei, Lintao Majiayao, Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi and Wushan Yuanyang Jade subprojects. It’s required to use smoke and waste gas purification facilities in the catering places; and it’s encouraged to use clean energy such as electricity and natural gas for cooking. Wet process is adopted in Lacquerwares and jade processing under Tianshui Lacquerwares Subproject and Wushan Yuanyang Jade Subproject, so there will be little dust to be generated. Oil paints that will emit VOCs are forbidden to use in the Lacquerwares production, and natural paints are adopted instead, so there will be little waste gas emission into the ambient air. (c) Impacts on Acoustic Environment The traffic flow on the project roads is expected to grow after the cultural and tourism resources become operational, which will affect the acoustic receptors along the roads. Based on the investigation to the similar scenic areas close to the project area, the first row of buildings along the roads are usually tourist service places, and most of the sensitive receptors such as residential areas are located behind. It is thus expected that the traffic noise will have limited impacts on the sensitive receptors. About 240 persons from 3 residential areas under Zhangye Subproject and 1 clinic under Wushan Yuanyang Jade Subproject will be significantly sensitive to the noise generated by the operation of the tourism facilities. To reduce the noise impacts on these people, it is required to install double-glazing windows to these buildings, and properly manage the schedule of social activities in the adjacent areas, etc. The operation of the equipment such as pumps, blowers and power generators would cause noise with the intensity ranging between 65 dB(A) to 100 dB(A). The equipment will be installed underground or in enclosed buildings. Noise barrier, and vibration and noise reduction devices will be adopted to reduce the impact of noise. Page 24 of 34 In addition, the operation of shops, entertainment venues and exhibition events will also generate noise with the intensity between 60 dB(A) to 70 dB(A). With strengthened management of business hours and tourists, the impacts can be mitigated to an acceptable level. Parking lots would be another noise source in the operation phase. The noise intensity of this source is usually below 60 dB(A) in the low seasons and between 65 dB(A) and 75 dB(A) in the pick seasons. Enhanced management of vehicles will reduce the impacts on the acoustic environment. (d) Solid waste Tourists and residents will produce about 4,398 tons of DSW every year. 456t/y of DSW from Zhangye Subproject will be transported to local incineration power plant for treatment; and the rest DSW from other subprojects will be transported to adjacent landfills for proper disposal. Food residues will be generated at the catering sites operated under Qin’an Dadiwan, Tongwei, Lintao Majiayao, Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi and Wushan Yuanyang Jade subprojects. Special containers will be equipped at each catering site to collect the food waste. Local licensed agencies will be retained to provide professional services of food residue treatment. Sludge from the septic tanks will be regularly collected by the sanitation workers and sent to the nearby WWTPs for treatment. The sludge generated by the 6 new small WWTPs will be mechanically thickened and dewatered using high-pressure filter press, and the sludge cakes after drying will be transported to local landfills for final disposal. Special solid waste generated in the Lacquerwares processing under Tianshui Lacquerwares Subproject mainly includes woodchips and sawdust and can be recycled as materials in local particleboard industry. The wastewater sedimentation residue from the jade processing in Wushan Yuanyang Jade Subproject will be naturally dried and transported to local landfill for disposal. (e) Impacts on drinking water sources Lintao Majiayao and Wushan Yuanyang Jade subprojects are located upstream of the drinking water sources. More wastewater will be generated along with the rapid development of the tourism industry. This will cause risks to the groundwater sources. Proper sewer and WWTP systems with appropriate capacities have been arranged in the subprojects, and they are able to collect and treat the wastewater to mitigate the risks to the minimum level. (f) Impacts on ecological environment Most of the subprojects are located in urban or rural built-up areas with few native vegetation and animal species, so the tourism activities will have little impacts on the ecological environment in these areas. For the Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi Subproject, the ecosystem is fragile around the relic site, and the vegetation is liable to be destroyed and difficult to be restored. Because of the tourism development, tourists will cause disturbance to local ecosystem. The flux of tourists would change the soil structure by hardening the ground; and the tourists’ improper behaviors (such as collection or damage of vegetation, and littering) would directly affect the ecological environment. To protect the vegetation from destroying, a conservative flux of 2,400 persons per day was chosen to minimize the disturbance of tourists to the ecosystem. In addition, the impacts of the tourists can be further mitigated by other measures, such as restricting the scope of movement within the exhibition center, scheduling the routes of tourism along the wooden walkways, and carrying out public awareness promotion activities etc. (g) Impacts on cultural heritage When the subprojects become operational, numerous people will be attracted to the PCR sites, which will bring financial benefits to the heritage management, but also cause negative impacts on the PCRs. Page 25 of 34 The increasing tourists will produce a large amount of solid waste, wastewater, vehicular exhaust, and damage or disturbance to the PCRs caused by improper behaviors of the tourists. Mitigation measures have been developed and presented in the PCRMP. As well as the management measures of wastewater, solid waste and air pollution, it’s also required to limit the number of visitors not to exceed the carrying capacity, arrange reasonable routes and scopes of movement, and improve the tourists’ awareness about PCR protection etc. With the proper measures, the negative impacts on the PCRs will be effectively mitigated. (h) Social Impacts After the subprojects are completed and become operational under Component 2, the increasing flux of tourists and the operation of the tourism facilities will generate adverse social impacts especially on local communities.  Local economic development will be promoted, at same time it will also raise the consumption levels and cause rises in prices, which will increase residents’ living cost.  More tourists will be attracted to the scenic areas. This will increase local traffic and induce more traffic accidents especially in rural areas where local villagers have little safety awareness and knowledge.  With the increase of tourists, public security and social order may also become a concern.  Waste, vehicle exhaust and noise to be generated by the tourists as well as the tourists’ behavior will bother the local communities. Specific social impact assessment has been conducted and included in the SA report. Proper mitigation measures have also been recommended. For example, education and training will be provided to local people on public security and traffic safety knowledge; the tourists will be diverted to different communities, to reduce the pressure on the service capacity on certain communities; and the propaganda on good behavior will be provided to the tourists to reduce the conflict with the local communities etc. 5.3.4 Induced Impacts Through the development of cultural tourism, the project is expected to not only increase income generating opportunities for rural and urban communities, but also the pressure on ambient environment, including air pollution and noise from increased traffic and sewage and garbage from anticipated influx of tourists, which might deteriorate the local environmental quality and have long- term impacts on various protected areas such as drinking water protection zone, forest park, heritage sites, etc. However, the conservation-based tourism developments under the Project have been proposed in full compliance with existing tourism development plans and applicable ecological functional zoning to control the induced development. 5.3.5 Cumulative Impacts The proposed investments are mostly of small scale and scattered in the dumbbell-like province, some even in remoted areas in the wilderness (e.g., Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi). No significant cumulative effect is anticipated in-between the subprojects. It was confirmed that all the investments are confirmed to be fully compliance with local planning. The EIA further reviewed all the local development plans available and relevant to the proposed subprojects. Three project counties/town were selected for the analysis of cumulative analysis considering the planning of other developments/activities within the planning horizon, namely, Qin’an County, Lintao County and Wulan Town. The cumulative impacts were assessed based on the scoring of environmental carrying capacity considering the carrying capacity of most vulnerable water bodies, heritage sites and environmental infrastructure (sewage and solid waste), the traffic conditions and the satisfaction of local people. Based on the scoring results for planning horizon, the tourism development activities will have no significant cumulative impacts on environmental carrying capacity in the project areas; however, attention should be paid to the implementation of planned environmental infrastructure Page 26 of 34 (sewage and DSW) and local traffic management to ensure sustainable development by the planning horizon. In conclusion, the cumulative impacts in relation to Component 2 are generally positive, and it is recommended to strengthen the collaboration among government agencies to ensure the synergic benefits and minimize the adverse impacts. 5.4 Environmental Due Diligence of Associated Facilities Environmental due diligence has been conducted for associated facilities identified during the EA process, and the key conclusions are summarized below. (a) Wastewater Collection and Treatment Facilities There are 7 existing municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), as shown in Table 5-2, to be available and reliable to collect and treat the wastewater generated by 6 subprojects under Component 2. Qin’an Dadiwan Subproject involves three subareas, of which only one subarea has an existing WWTP available to serve the new development facilities. Zhangye Subproject has two proper WWTPs available to its two subareas respectively. Table 5-2: Associated WWTPs for the Subprojects under Component 2 No. Subproject and the Wastewater Quantity WWTP and the Treatment Capacity 1 Qin’an Dadiwan Subproject - Shangguan subarea Qin’an WWTP (20,000 m3/d) (150 m3/d) 2 Wushan Yuanyang Jade Subproject (750 m 3/d) Wushan WWTP (30,000 m3/d) 3 Lintao Majiayao Subproject (1,328 m /d) 3 Lintao WWTP (17,500 m3/d) 4 Tongwei Subproject (82.6 m /d) 3 Tongwei WWTP (25,000 m3/d) 5 Zhangye Subproject - Cultural Heritage (67.5 Zhangye WWTP (120,000 m3/d) m3/d) - Wulan Ancient Town (15 Gucheng WWTP (30 m3/d) m /d) 3 6 Suzhou Subproject (94 m3/d) Jiuquan Suzhou 2nd WWTP (18,000 m3/d) These 7 WWTPs have existing sewer systems accessible to the subprojects. Among which, Wushan WWTP is in operation to its full capacity, and the extension is undergoing and expected to become operational in early 2019; and the remaining 6 associated WWTPs are demonstrated to have enough spare capacities to receive and treat the wastewater from the corresponding subprojects. The treated effluents from the WWTPs have been monitored and met the discharge standards. (b) Domestic Solid Waste Management Facilities Existing sanitary facilities are available and accessible to receive the domestic solid waste (DSW) generated by the implementation of all subprojects under Component 2. The DSW generated by Zhangye Subproject can be treated at local waste incineration power plant. The treatment capacity of the incineration plant is 600t/day and is enough to cover the additional small amount of DSW. The waste gas and the wastewater are monitored periodically in the plant. The distance from the two sites of the subproject to the plant is also reasonable, about 14 km and 23 km respectively. For the other subprojects, the facilities are local standard sanitary landfills with enough capacity to dispose the DSW from the subprojects. They have proper engineering measures on leakage proof such as using HDPE films plus geo-membrane liners; and the leachate is reused for site spaying after pretreatment. Regular monitoring is conducted to the waste gas emission and the leachate. The transportation distance is reasonable ranging from 3 km to 23 km from the landfills to the subproject locations; except that Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi Subproject is 55 km away from the landfill because the subproject is sited in suburban area. Page 27 of 34 5.5 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 5.5.1 Public Consultation In accordance with the requirements of China’s laws and regulations, as well as the Bank’s safeguards policies, key stakeholders were identified through field investigation and stakeholder analysis to ensure meaningful consultation. The stakeholders include government agencies (local community residents committees, EPBs, culture bureaus, tourism bureaus, construction bureaus, planning bureaus, cultural heritage bureaus (CHBs), water bureaus, transportation bureaus, etc.), residents and other sensitive receptors such as schools, clinics, etc. Two rounds of public consultation were conducted in the subproject-affected areas during the EA process. The first round took place in 6 February - 14 February 2018. 876 questionnaires were issued to the potential affected individuals such as residents, students and shopkeepers; and 70 questionnaires were issued to the project-related resident committees, schools and enterprises. The second round of consultation was carried out in July - August 2018 after the draft EIA report was completed. 675 and 54 questionnaires were issued to individuals and organizations respectively. Separate meetings and interviews were also conducted, and the affected people and relevant experts attended the two rounds of public consultation. In general, the public supported the subprojects under Component 2, and accepted the EIA conclusions and mitigation measures. At the same time, the public and experts expressed some concerns about the project design, such as setting up additional bus lines, and installing sports facilities etc. The EA team forwarded these concerns to the FS team and collaborated with them to incorporate the comments in the design. Some comments to address the possible environmental impacts, such as dust control in windy days, wastewater and solid waste management, and construction arrangement were also incorporated into the EIA report and the ESMP. 5.6.2 Information Disclosure The subproject information and the main EA findings have been disclosed to the public through government websites, local newspapers and posters before each round of the consultation. The draft EIA report was also released on the official websites of GPCD (where the PPMO for Component 2&3 is housed) and other government departments. The hard copies of the EIA were also accessible to the public in local project implementation units (PIUs). The electronic versions of the EA documents including the EIA, ESMF, ESMP and this ES will also be disclosed locally and at the World Bank’s external website. 5.6 Environmental and Social Management Plan A stand-alone ESMP has been developed. It includes generic measures to mitigate environmental and social impacts during the construction and operation phases, institutional arrangements, responsibilities for project implementation and supervision, environmental monitoring and capacity building plans, reporting and public grievance mechanisms, and estimated investment in environmental and social management. A series of separate documents were developed as the annexes to the ESMP to provide detailed instructions. They include the Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOP) and PCRMP. The ECOP presents a summary of the generic measures for mitigating the potential environmental impacts; and it will also be used as a compulsory component of bidding documents and civil work contracts for the contractors to fulfill their environmental and social management obligations. The PCRMP is a specific document produced according to the World Bank BP/OP4.11, to protect local PCRs from being directly or indirectly affected by the project implementation. The SA, RAPs and RDDs are the social safeguards instruments, whose key findings and recommendations are used to mitigate the social impacts as well as the impacts of resettlement and land acquisition. Page 28 of 34 5.6.1 Institutional Arrangements The PPMO under Gansu Provincial Cultural and Tourism Department and eight PIUs at city/district/county level will take the overall responsibility for environmental management of Component 2 during both construction and operation, who will track environmental issues related to the Project and communicate with the World Bank and relevant Chinese governmental authorities (including EPBs, Cultural Heritage Bureaus and Forestry Bureaus and Water Resources Bureaus) on safeguards management. Both the PPMO and PIUs will nominate dedicated, trained and qualified environmental management staff to facilitate the ESMP implementation. For construction phase, the environmental mitigation measures specified in the ESMP will be implemented by the Construction Contractors (CCs) and their sub-contractors as part of their contractual obligations. Construction Supervision Companies (CSCs) will establish Environmental Management Unit to deal with all daily environmental issues related to project construction activities on site, with regular reporting to the PPMO and PIUs. In addition, independent environmental consultants will be employed by the PPMO as part of the technical assistance services to provide external monitoring and technical recommendations to support the effectiveness and improvements of ESMP implementation during project construction and operation. 5.6.2 Mitigation Measures The measures for avoiding and mitigating potential negative impacts of the subprojects under Component 2 were developed and included in the ESMP, which cover the design, construction, and operation phases of this component. Mitigation measures will be incorporated into the detailed designs, bidding documents, and contracts; and will be implemented by the design institutes, contractors, construction supervision engineers, and operators under the supervision of the PPMO and PIUs, Cultural Heritage Bureaus (CHBs), EPBs, and other related authorities. Accordingly, necessary actions can be taken in a timely manner to strengthen or adjust such measures and to ensure meeting the defined environmental and social objectives. The major mitigation measures on general environmental and social impacts generated in construction and operation phases are summarized in Annex 1, and the summary of specific PCRs protection measures is presented in Annex 2. 5.6.3 Environmental Monitoring Environmental monitoring plans on ambient air, surface water and acoustic environment have been developed for the construction and operation phases and incorporated into the ESMP (summarized in Annex 3). They provide the monitoring location, frequency, monitoring parameters, standards applied, cost estimate, as well as responsibilities of different organizations. During the construction phase, monitoring of ambient air quality, water quality, and acoustic environmental quality will be conducted periodically at the sensitive receptors in each subproject area by qualified environmental monitoring agencies. Contractors and environmental supervision engineers should be responsible for the daily inspection on the mitigation measures implementation and handling the environmental issues arising at construction sites. Monitoring of water and soil erosion will be undertaken to all subprojects except for those that do not involve this issue. For the impacts on the PCRs, specific monitoring and assessment would be carried out by experts, and the detailed plans are presented in the PCRMP. During the operation phase, monitoring of ambient air quality and acoustic environmental quality will be conducted regularly at the sensitive receptors in each subproject area. For the subprojects that produce wastewater during the operation phase, monitoring of wastewater discharge at the outlets of the WWTPs will be undertaken to examine if the treated effluent can meet the standard of discharging into local sewers or receiving waters. Page 29 of 34 5.6.4 Capacity Building and Training A training program has been developed and included in the ESMP for the purpose to improve the environmental management capacity of the PPMO and PIUs staff, construction supervision engineers, and contractors. The training will focus on the responsibilities of the relevant organizations, environmental regulations, mitigation measures, environmental monitoring and supervision, public grievance mechanism, and reporting and archiving. 5.6.5 Reporting and Public Grievance Mechanism The requirements for reporting system have been clearly specified. Semiannual project progress reports and semiannual environmental & social monitoring reports are required. They are reporting on the project progress, implementation of the ESMP, environmental and social monitoring, and public concerns etc. The public grievance mechanism will be established and maintained throughout the Project to deal with any public concerns on the project implementation and related environmental and social issues. 5.6.6 Cost Estimates The estimated investment in the environmental management in design and construction phases of Component 2 is US$ 804,147 in total; and the environmental investment in the operational phase is US$ 554,440 per year (at least for the first year). The details are presented in Table 5-3. Table 5-3: Cost Estimate of Environmental Management under Component 2 No. Item Cost (US$ million) Design Phase 151,163 1 EA at the FS phase 151,163 Construction Phase 652,984 1 Environmental mitigation measures 256,186 2 Water and soil conservation Included in civil work costs 5 Environmental monitoring 130,422 3 Cultural heritage preservation 32,023 4 Environmental supervision 58,224 6 Environmental training 96,070 7 Public consultation 7,278 8 Contingency 72,780 Operation Phase Cost Estimate (US$ per year) 1 Environmental mitigation measures 554,440 2 Environmental acceptance 240,175 3 Environmental monitoring 72,780 4 Environmental training 63,901 5 Cultural heritage preservation 87,336 6 Public consultation 39,301 7 Contingency 7,278 TOTAL 43,668 6 CONCLUSIONS The Project will generate significant ecological, environmental, social, and economic benefits to the project area. The urban and rural landscape will be upgraded after the regeneration and renovation activities. The enhanced municipal infrastructure will largely contribute to urban and rural environment improvement, pollution control, drinking water source protection, and surface water purification. The cultural and natural heritage resources will produce their real value after the development and maintenance. The urban-rural regeneration and community economic development will improve residents’ living conditions, create more job opportunities and reduce poverty. The regenerated cultural and tourism facilities will attract quality tourists and investments and can largely promote the Page 30 of 34 tourism industry growth and economic development in such areas. Negative impacts will also be generated in the project implementation. During the construction phase, the civil works and transportation will induce dust, noise, wastewater and solid wastes, and cause disturbance to the PCRs. The Project will also lead to land acquisition and resettlement, which will have passive influence on the affected-people’s livelihood. During the operation phase, the tourism facilities will generate domestic wastewater, solid waste and noise, and the small WWTPs and DSW transfer stations will also emit odor and noise. However, these adverse environmental and social impacts can be avoided, minimized, mitigated or otherwise compensated by various measures proposed in the ESMP. In short, the Project will generate significant benefits to the project area along the Silk Road route in Gansu, while the negative impacts can be managed to an acceptable level with effective implementation of the mitigation measures. As a conclusion, the benefits of the Project outweigh the adverse impacts, so the Project is feasible in environmental and social safeguards. Page 31 of 34 Annex 1: Summary of environmental & social mitigation measures for Component 2 Implemented Supervised Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures by by Design Stage 1. Preparation of the ESMP. Design Practical use of the Local EPBs, 2. Incorporation of the ESMP into bidding documents and into contracts with contractors, construction institute, EA ESMP PPMO supervisors and environmental supervisors to ensure the ESMP implementation. team, PIUs 1. Recommended the sites of the main structures for Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi and Wushan Yuanyang Jade Various impacts subprojects. Design such as land 2. Recommended the treatment depth, treatment technology and system planning for the small WWTPs. Local EPBs, institute, EIA acquisition, sensitive 3. Recommended the system layout for Qin’an Dadiwan, Dunhuang Xuanquanzhi, Lintao Majiayao, and PPMO, PIUs agent areas, etc. Wushan Yuanyang Jade subprojects. 4. Recommended other alternatives on DSW transfer arrangement, water supply systems, and public toilets. Construction Stage 1. Forest park protection: it’s forbidden to dispose waste or discharge wastewater into the forest park; it’s forbidden to catch or kill animals; and it’s required to strengthen the awareness of forest fire prevention among the workers etc. 2. Water and soil conservation: Engineering measures, botanical measures and other temporary measures Local EPBs, Eco-environment Constructors should be jointly adopted. Priority shall be given to implementing engineering measures as they can PPMO, PIUs immediately play an effective role. Botanical measures are supplementary measures, and they can ensure long-term water and soil conservation and beautify the environment in the project areas. 3. Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. 1. Air borne dust: cover powdered materials stockpiles; use covered trucks to transport materials; timely clean material transportation roads; implement water spraying to suppress dust on construction sites and access roads; install fence around construction sites near sensitive areas; and halt earth works and material Local EPBs, Ambient air handling in windy days etc. Constructors PPMO, PIUs 2. Waste gas emission from vehicles and machinery: strengthen vehicle inspection and maintenance to reduce waste gas emission. 3. Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. 1. Construction waste will be transported to and disposed at the existing construction waste disposal sites. 2. Domestic waste generated by the workers will be collected using garbage bins and then transported to the adjacent landfills for disposal. Local EPBs, Solid waste Constructors 3. DSW discovered in the Yanjiagou will be removed out of the stream and transported to Lianhuagou Landfill PPMO, PIUs for disposal. 4. Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. 1. Sedimentation tanks and oil separators shall be set up to treat/settle the wastewater generated from Local EPBs, Wastewater Constructors concrete processing and the oily wastewater from washing construction machinery; and the treated PPMO, PIUs Page 32 of 34 Implemented Supervised Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures by by wastewater shall be used for spaying to suppress dust. 2. Domestic wastewater can be discharged into local sewers in the vicinity; and in the areas that cannot rely on urban sanitation systems, the domestic wastewater will be treated by the small WWTPs built under the subprojects. 3. Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. 1. Shorten construction period and arrange the construction in dry seasons. 2. Reduce the scope of construction site; and set up barriers around construction site to block materials and waste from entering water bodies. 3. Set up sedimentation tanks to settle wastewater and reuse it for spraying to suppress dust. Local EPBs, Water environment Constructors 4. Build drainage to divert storm water surrounding construction site. PPMO, PIUs 5. Strengthen construction management to prevent domestic wastewater and solid waste from discharging into the watercourses. 6. Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. 1. For Lintao Subproject, it’s forbidden to discard any construction waste into the adjacent Tao River. 2. For Wushan Subproject, it’s required that construction sites should be set up far from the Shandan and Impacts on drinking Local EPBs, Weihe rivers that replenish the groundwater, and wastewater generated in construction should be reused Constructors water sources PPMO, PIUs after sedimentation to prevent discharge. 3. Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. 1. Install barriers along the construction sites near the sensitive areas. 2. Strictly control the schedule of construction and transportation. Acoustic Local EPBs, 3. Control vehicle speed and enforce horn ban. Constructors environment PPMO, PIUs 4. Properly maintain access roads and vehicles. 5. Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. 1. A RPF, a SAP, four RAPs and three RDD reports have been developed in accordance with national laws/regulations and the requirements of the World Bank’s OP4.12. 2. A compensation plan has been developed. The standard for compensation was determined in light of Resettlement and Local EPBs, China’s laws and policies, local regulations of Gansu as well as World Bank’s OP4.12. Constructors land acquisition PPMO, PIUs 3. The institutional framework of resettlement and the grievance redress mechanism are also established in the above RAPs. 4. Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. 1. Produce construction plans and schedules by consulting local transportation authorities. 2. Place notice boards on construction sites for public to get information and notice. Impacts on public Local EPBs, 3. Carry out the construction section-by-section and accelerate excavation and backfilling processes. Constructors transport PPMO, PIUs 4. Designate specific personnel to direct traffic near construction sites during traffic peak and set up necessary signs. Page 33 of 34 Implemented Supervised Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures by by 4.Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. 1. Carry out training and education to the workers on work safety and disease prevention. Public health and 2. Inform residents of the construction scopes and activities. Local EPBs, safety of workers and Constructors 3. Carry out education to local residents on traffic safety and disease prevention. PPMO, PIUs local communities 4.Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. Operation Phase 1. 68% of the wastewater generated in the operation phase will be treated by 6 new small-sized buried integrated WWTPs; and the effluent will be reused for municipal irrigation or flushing toilets. The remaining 701 m3/d of the wastewater will be transmitted to local municipal WWTPs for treatment. 2. Foundation lining, leakage collection tanks, and small WWTPs have been designed for the treatment of Operator/ Local EPBs, Wastewater the leakage generated by the DSW transfer stations. Owner PPMO, PIUs 3. The wastewater generated in jade processing will be returned to the manufacturing processes for reuse after sedimentation. 4. Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. 1. It’s required that the DSW transportation routes should avoid crowded areas and sensitive areas, and the vehicles should be enclosed for the DSW transportation to prevent DSW odor impacts. 2. Instead of private cars, various alternatives will be provided to tourists such as special bus lines, battery cars, and bicycle rental to reduce vehicle exhaust emission. 3. The roads should be cleaned regularly and sprayed with water. Operator/ Local EPBs, Ambient Air 4. It’s required to use smoke and waste gas purification facilities in the catering places; and it’s encouraged Owner PPMO, PIUs to use clean energy such as electricity and natural gas for cooking. 5. Dust catching and removing facilities are required to treat the emissions generated in Lacquerwares and jade processing. 6. Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. 1. The equipment will be installed underground or in enclosed buildings. Acoustic 2. Noise barrier, and vibration and noise reduction devices will be adopted Operator/ Local EPBs, Environment 3. Management of business hours and tourists should be strengthened. Owner PPMO, PIUs 4. Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. 1. DSW in Zhangye City will be transported to local incineration power plant for treatment. 2. DSW from other subprojects will be transported to adjacent landfills for disposal. Domestic solid Operator/ Local EPBs, 3. Special containers will be equipped to collect the food residue generated by the catering sites; and local waste Owner PPMO, PIUs licensed agencies will be retained to provide professional services of food residue treatment. 4. Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. Ecological 1. The Monitor the tourist flow will be monitored to avoid the overburden on the environment caused by the Operator/ Local EPBs, environment tourists. Owner PPMO, PIUs Page 34 of 34 Implemented Supervised Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures by by 2. The Carry out codes of conduct for tourists, promote public awareness promotion, control of the number of tourists, and schedule of the movement routes should be carried out. 3. Implement other measures prescribed in the ESMP. Annex 2: Summary of PCRs Protection Measures for Component 2 Phase Activities Affected PCRs Potential Impacts Mitigation/Protection Measures Implemented Supervised Cost by by (RMB) Design Phase Qin’an Facilities’ Dadiwan Relics The small WWTPs  Separate small WWTPs will be built in each subareas of Design PPMO, PIU, Included Dadiwan siting or and sewer pipelines’ the subproject. Institute Tianshui in design Subproject routing potential impacts on  Detailed measures are presented in the PCRMP. CHB and the relics consulting Facilities’ Dadiwan Relics Impacts on  The design should meet cultural, architectural and aesthetic cost design style and Shangguan architectural style requirements in terms of style, height, size, color etc. Ming-Qing Old and aesthetics of the  The design should follow the review and approval Street relics comments of experts and authorities.  Detailed measures are presented in the PCRMP. Lintao Facilities’ Majiayao relics Impacts on  The design should meet cultural, architectural and aesthetic Design PPMO, PIU, Ditto Majiayao design style architectural style requirements in terms of style, height, size, color etc. Institute Dingxi CHB Subproject and aesthetics of the  The design should follow the review and approval relics comments of experts and authorities.  Detailed measures are presented in the PCRMP. Zhangye Facilities’ Grain Impacts on  The design should meet cultural, architectural and aesthetic Design PPMO, PIU, Ditto Subproject design style Warehouse and architectural style requirements in terms of style, height, size, color etc. Institute Zhangye General’s and aesthetics of the  The design should follow the review and approval CHB Mansion relics comments of experts and authorities. Complex  Detailed measures are presented in the PCRMP. Facilities’ East ancient The drainage  Construction of drainage pipelines should avoid the Design PPMO, PIU, Ditto routing tower pipelines’ potential protection area of the relic. Institute Zhangye impacts on the relic  The design schemes should follow the review and approval CHB comments of experts and authorities.  Detailed measures are presented in the PCRMP. Dunhuang Facilities’ Xuanquanzhi The roads’ potential  The design schemes should follow the review and approval Design PPMO, PIU, Ditto Xuanquanzhi routing Posthouse Relic impacts on the relic comments of experts and authorities. Institute Dunhuang Subproject Site  The roads construction should keep within the construction CHB Page 35 of 34 Phase Activities Affected PCRs Potential Impacts Mitigation/Protection Measures Implemented Supervised Cost by by (RMB) control area by paving the existing roads.  Detailed measures are presented in the PCRMP. Construction Tianshuijing Excavation’s impacts  The outer wooden fence should be carefully designed, and Design PPMO, PIU, Ditto methods Well Beacon on the relic large area of excavation is forbidden. Institute Dunhuang Tower  Detailed measures are presented in the PCRMP. CHB Phase Activities PCRs Potential Mitigation/Protection Measures Implemented Supervised Cost Impacts by by (RMB) Construction Phase Qin’an Dadiwan Earth excavating in the construction Dadiwan relics, Potential  Carry out protective measures Contractor PPMO, PIU, 50,000 Subproject control area of the PCR, and Longquan Old Well, impacts on by producing detailed Tianshui rehabilitating the ancient streets and the ancient the PCRs by construction plans, training CHB buildings and streets the vibration, and educating the workers on Lintao Majiayao Constructing pipelines and Majiayao Relic Site airborne dust, PCR protection, consulting Contractor PPMO, PIU, 30,000 Subproject rehabilitating Majiayao and Qijiatan solid waste, relevant authorizes for advice, Dingxi CHB villages in the construction control area wastewater, controlling vehicles and of the PCR and workers’ equipment to reduce vibration Zhangye Setting up intangible cultural heritage Grain Warehouse, behavior in Contractor PPMO, PIU, 40,000 construction etc. Subproject exhibition facilities inside the PCRs and General’s Zhangye Mansion Complex  Carry out chance-find CHB Constructing pipelines in the protection East Old Gate Tower procedures for any PCRs area of the PCR discovered in construction, Dunhuang Building footpaths and wooden Xuanquanzhi and immediately report to the Contractor PPMO, PIU, 100,000 Xuanquanzhi walkways in the protection area of the Posthouse Relic Site local CHBs. Dunhuang Subproject PCR, and lanes in the construction  Implement other measures CHB control area prescribed in the PCRMP. Operation Phase Qin’an Dadiwan Tourism activities, transportation, and Dadiwan relics, Potential  Limit the number of visitors PIU PPMO, 90,000 Subproject catering service activities Longquan Old Well, impacts on and arrange reasonable Tianshui and the ancient the PCRs by routes and scopes of CHB buildings and streets gas, garbage movement. Lintao Majiayao Tourism activities, and catering service Majiayao Relic Site and  Carry out training and PIU PPMO, 50,000 Subproject activities wastewater Dingxi CHB education to the staff and Zhangye Intangible culture heritage exhibition Grain Warehouse, generated in PIU PPMO, 60,000 Page 36 of 34 Phase Activities PCRs Potential Mitigation/Protection Measures Implemented Supervised Cost Impacts by by (RMB) Subproject activities and tourism activities General’s Mansion the tourism tourists on PCR protection. Zhangye Complex, and East facilities’  Manage waste gas, CHB Old Gate Tower operation; and wastewater and garbage to Dunhuang Tourism activities, the relic operational Xuanquanzhi potential prevent pollution to the PRCs. PIU PPMO, 100,000 Xuanquanzhi activities, and catering service activities Posthouse Relic Site, damage to the  No firing, smoking or heating Dunhuang Subproject and Tianshuijing Well PCRs by the CHB near or inside the PCRs. Beacon Tower tourists and/or the staff.  Implement other measures prescribed in the PCRMP. Page 37 of 34 Annex 3: Summary of environmental monitoring plans for Component 2 Subproject Monitoring Factor Monitoring Monitoring Location Monitoring Cost Parameters Frequency (RMB) Construction Phase Qin’an Dadiwan Acoustic environment Noise Wuying Primary and Middle School, Longcheng Primary and Middle School (i) Acoustic 10,000 Subproject Ambient air TSP Wuying Primary and Middle School, Longcheng Primary and Middle School environment: 60,000 Qingshui River SS Upstream and downstream Wuying and Longcheng towns along the river Twice in 12,000 Tianshui Acoustic environment Noise Xizhi Village construction 5,000 Lacquerwares Ambient air TSP Xizhi Village phase, and 30,000 Subproject Yingchuan River SS Upstream and downstream the subproject area along the river twice a day 6,000 Tongwei Subproject Acoustic environment Noise Taiping Primary School in Pingrang Township at daytime 5,000 Ambient air TSP Taiping Primary School in Pingrang Township and 30,000 Niugu River SS Upstream and downstream the subproject area along the river nighttime. 6,000 Lintao Majiayao Acoustic environment Noise Majiayao Village, Lifanjia Village 45,000 Subproject (ii) Ambient Ambient air TSP Majiayao Village, Lifanjia Village 60,000 air: twice in Taohe River SS Upstream and downstream the subproject area along the river 6,000 construction Zhangye Subproject Acoustic environment Noise Wanjiajiayuan Residential Area, Jiatan Township Primary School, 65,000 phase, once Xiaokanglou House in heating Ambient air TSP Jiatan Township Primary School, Xiaokanglou House season and Shandan River SS Upstream and downstream the subproject area along the river once in non- 3,000 Suzhou Subproject Acoustic environment Noise First row of buildings in Shengzhou Residential Area heating 5,000 Ambient air TSP First row of buildings in Shengzhou Residential Area season. 30,000 Dunhuang Water source SS Outlet of Xuanquan water source, and 300m downstream 6,000 Xuanquanzhi Ambient air TSP Xuanquanzhi relics (iii) Surface 30,000 Subproject water: once Wushan Yuanyang Ambient air TSP Shandan Primary School, Shandan Middle School in 60,000 Jade Subproject Shandan River, and construction 12,000 SS Upstream and downstream of the subproject area along the rivers Weihe River phase. Acoustic environment Noise Shandan Primary School, Shandan Middle School 10,000 TOTAL 542,000 Page 38 of 34 Subproject Monitoring Factor Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Location Monitoring Cost Frequency (RMB) Operation Phase Ambient air PM10 Wuying Primary & Middle School, Longcheng Primary & Middle All parameters must School be monitored in the 60,000 Water pollution source SS, COD, BOD5, NH3-N Outlet of the small WWTP first year; and the 10,000 Qin’an Dadiwan next years should Acoustic environment Noise Wuying Primary & Middle School, Longcheng Primary & Middle Subproject apply the rules School 10,000 Qingshui River Upstream & downstream Wuying & Longcheng towns along below: pH, SS, COD, BOD5, NH3-N the river 40,000 Ambient air PM10 Xizhi Village (i) Ambient air, 30,000 Tianshui Water pollution source SS, COD, BOD5, NH3-N Outlet of the small WWTP acoustic 10,000 Lacquerwares Acoustic environment Noise Xizhi village environment and 5,000 Subproject Yingchuan River Upstream and downstream the subproject area along the Surface water: to SS, COD, BOD5, NH3-N use local EPB’s river 20,000 Ambient air PM10 Taiping Primary School in Pingrang Township, Songbo conventional Tongwei monitoring cases, village 30,000 Subproject and to take specific Acoustic environment Noise Taiping Primary School in Pingrang Township 5,000 monitoring as Ambient air PM10 Majiayao village, Lifanjia Village 60,000 needed; Lintao Majiayao Acoustic environment Noise 8 villages and Xiping Middle School 4,000 Subproject Taohe River Upstream and downstream the subproject area along the SS, COD, BOD5, NH3-N (ii) Outlets of the river 10,000 small WWPTs: to Zhangye Acoustic environment Noise Wanjiajiayuan Residential Area, Jiatang Township Primary inspect by Subproject School, Xiaokang House observation, and 15,000 Ambient air PM10 Jiatang Township Primary School conduct specific test 30,000 Water pollution source SS, COD, BOD5, NH3-N Outlet of the small WWTP as needed; 10,000 Suzhou Ambient air PM10 Shengzhou residential area 30,000 Subproject Acoustic environment Noise Shengzhou residential area 5,000 Dunhuang Ambient air PM10 The west boundary of buffer zone in Xuanquanzhi relics 30,000 Xuanquanzhi Water pollution source SS, COD, BOD5, NH3-N Outlet of the small WWTP 10,000 Subproject Outlet of Xuanquanzhi water source; and 300 m Water source SS, COD, BOD5, NH3-N downstream 20,000 TOTAL 534,000 Page 39 of 34