[Date] DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESHIA) REPORT FOR OF SPOT IMPROVEMENT INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE. PREPARED FOR: THE SMALLHOLDER COMMERCIALIZATION AND AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (SCADeP) DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................................... 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ 14 CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 23 1.1 Project Background ........................................................................................................................... 23 1.2 ESHIA Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 24 1.3 Duration of the Works ...................................................................................................................... 24 1.4 Scope of Services............................................................................................................................... 24 1.5 Approach and Methodology ............................................................................................................. 25 1.5.1 Environmental Monitoring.................................................................................................. 27 1.5.2 Reporting (Desk Analysis) ................................................................................................... 28 1.6 Liaison with Authorities and Project Stakeholders ........................................................................... 28 CHAPTER TWO - PROJECT DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................... 29 2.1 Project Locations ............................................................................................................................... 29 2.2 Project Details ................................................................................................................................... 31 2.2.1 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................................ 31 2.2.2 Feeder Road Design Standard ................................................................................................. 38 2.2.3 Planned Activities for Proposed Feeder Roads Spot Improvement Activities ............................... 39 2.4 Analysis of Alternatives ..................................................................................................................... 40 2.4.1 Without Project Alternative ....................................................................................................... 40 2.4.2 With Project Alternative ............................................................................................................ 41 CHAPTER THREE - LEGAL, POLICY AND ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENT ................................................. 42 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 42 3.2 The Road Transport Sector-Policy Guidelines ................................................................................... 42 3.3 Regulatory Aspects ........................................................................................................................... 43 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 1 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 3.4 The Environmental Protection Act-2008 and the Environmental Protection Agency (Amendment) Act, 2010 ................................................................................................................................................. 44 3.5 The Land Policy, 2005 ....................................................................................................................... 46 3.6 The Local Government Act, 2004 ...................................................................................................... 46 3.7 The Sierra Leone Roads Authority Act, 1992 and its 2010 Amendment .......................................... 47 3.8 The Forestry Act-1989....................................................................................................................... 47 3.9 Forestry Rugulation-1989 ................................................................................................................. 47 3.10 The Factories Act-1974 ................................................................................................................... 48 3.11 Cultural Heritage Issues .................................................................................................................. 49 3.12 International Conventions / Guidelines recognized by Sierra Leone ............................................. 49 3.12.1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ................................................... 49 3.12.2 Ramsar Convention .................................................................................................................. 49 3.12.3 World Bank Safeguards Policies ............................................................................................... 50 CHAPTER FOUR - DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ................................................................... 52 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 52 4.2 Study Area ......................................................................................................................................... 56 Summary of Socio-Economic and Bio-Physical Environmental Baseline Conditions .............................. 56 4.3 Western Area Rural District Roads.................................................................................................... 56 4.3.1 Topography and Physiology ....................................................................................................... 56 4.3.2 Hydrology and Drainage ............................................................................................................ 57 4.3.3 Water Sources ............................................................................................................................ 57 4.3.5 Geology ...................................................................................................................................... 57 4.3.6 Biodiversity................................................................................................................................. 58 4.3.7 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Level ......................................................................................... 59 4.3.8 Climatic Condition ...................................................................................................................... 59 4.3.9 Socio-economic Baseline Data ................................................................................................... 59 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 2 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.3.9.1 Cultural sites ........................................................................................................................... 59 4.3.8.2 Education ................................................................................................................................ 60 4.3.8.3 Health ...................................................................................................................................... 60 4.3.8.4 Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 60 4.4 Port Loko District............................................................................................................................... 60 4.4.1 Topography and Physiology ....................................................................................................... 61 4.4.2 Hydrology and drainage ............................................................................................................. 61 4.4.3 Water sources ............................................................................................................................ 61 4.4.4 Geology ...................................................................................................................................... 62 4.4.5 Biodiversity................................................................................................................................. 62 4.4.6 Ambient air quality and noise level ........................................................................................... 64 4.4.7 Climatic conditions ..................................................................................................................... 64 4.4.8 Socio-economic baseline data ................................................................................................... 65 4.4.8.1 Cultural sites ........................................................................................................................... 65 4.4.8.2 Education ................................................................................................................................ 65 4.4.8.3 Health ...................................................................................................................................... 65 4.5 Kambia District .................................................................................................................................. 66 4.5.1 Topography and Physiology ....................................................................................................... 66 4.5.2 Hydrology and drainage ............................................................................................................. 66 4.5.3 Water sources ............................................................................................................................ 67 4.5.4 Geology ...................................................................................................................................... 68 4.5.5 Biodiversity................................................................................................................................. 68 4.5.6 Ambient air quality..................................................................................................................... 70 4.5.7 Climatic conditions ..................................................................................................................... 71 4.5.8 Socio-economic baseline data ................................................................................................... 71 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 3 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.5.8.1 Cultural sites ........................................................................................................................... 72 4.5.8.2 Education ................................................................................................................................ 72 4.5.8.3 Health ...................................................................................................................................... 72 4.5.8.4 Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 72 4.6 Moyamba District.............................................................................................................................. 72 4.6.1 Topography and Physiology ....................................................................................................... 73 4.6.2 Hydrology and Drainage. ........................................................................................................... 73 4.6.3 Water Sources ............................................................................................................................ 74 4.6.4 Geology ...................................................................................................................................... 74 4.6.5 Biodiversity................................................................................................................................. 75 4.6.6 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Level ......................................................................................... 76 4.6.7 Climatic Condition ...................................................................................................................... 78 4.6.8 Socio-economic Baseline Data ................................................................................................... 78 4.6.8.1 Cultural sites ........................................................................................................................... 79 4.6.8.2 Education ................................................................................................................................ 79 4.6.8.3 Health ...................................................................................................................................... 80 4.6.8.4 Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 80 4.7 Kenema District ................................................................................................................................. 80 4.7.1 Topography and Physiology ....................................................................................................... 80 4.7.2 Hydrology and Drainage ............................................................................................................ 81 4.7.3 Water Sources ............................................................................................................................ 82 4.7.4 Geology ...................................................................................................................................... 83 4.7.5 Biodiversity................................................................................................................................. 84 4.7.6 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Level ......................................................................................... 86 4.7.7 Climatic Condition ...................................................................................................................... 87 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 4 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.7.8 Socio-economic Baseline Data ................................................................................................... 87 4.7.8.1 Cultural sites ........................................................................................................................... 88 4.7.8.2 Education ................................................................................................................................ 88 4.7.8.3 Health ...................................................................................................................................... 88 4.7.8.4 Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 88 4.8 Kono District...................................................................................................................................... 88 4.8.1 Topography and Physiology ....................................................................................................... 89 4.8.2 Hydrology and Drainage ........................................................................................................... 89 4.8.3 Water Source ............................................................................................................................. 89 4.8.4 Geology ...................................................................................................................................... 90 4.8.5 Biodiversity................................................................................................................................. 91 4.8.6 Ambient Air quality and Noise Level .......................................................................................... 92 4.8.7 Climatic Condition ...................................................................................................................... 93 4.8.8. Socio- economic baseline data ................................................................................................. 93 4.8.8.1 Cultural sites ........................................................................................................................... 94 4.8.8.2 Education ................................................................................................................................ 94 4.8.8.3 Health ...................................................................................................................................... 94 4.8.8.4 Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 95 4.9 Kailahun District ................................................................................................................................ 95 4.9.1 Topography and Physiology ....................................................................................................... 95 4.9.2 Hydrology and Drainage ............................................................................................................ 95 4.9.2 Water Sources ............................................................................................................................ 96 4.9.4 Geology ...................................................................................................................................... 96 4.9.5 Biodiversity................................................................................................................................. 97 4.9.6 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Level ......................................................................................... 98 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 5 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.9.7 Climatic Condition ...................................................................................................................... 98 4.9.8 Socio-economic Baseline Data ................................................................................................. 100 4.9.8.1 Cultural sites ......................................................................................................................... 101 4.9.8.2 Education .............................................................................................................................. 101 4.9.8.3 Health .................................................................................................................................... 101 4.9.8.4 Energy ................................................................................................................................... 101 4.10 Bonthe District .............................................................................................................................. 102 4.10. 1 Topography and Physiology .................................................................................................. 102 4.10.2 Hydrology and Drainage. ....................................................................................................... 102 4.10.3 Water Sources ........................................................................................................................ 103 4.10.4 Geology .................................................................................................................................. 104 4.10.5 Biodiversity............................................................................................................................. 104 4.10.6 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Level ..................................................................................... 106 4.10.7 Climatic Condition .................................................................................................................. 107 4.10.8 Socio-economic Baseline Data ............................................................................................... 108 4.10.8.1 Cultural sites ....................................................................................................................... 108 4.10.8.2 Education ............................................................................................................................ 108 4.10.8.3 Health .................................................................................................................................. 109 4.10.8.4 Energy ................................................................................................................................. 109 CHAPTER FIVE - POTENTIAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................................ 110 5.1 Guideline for Mitigation .................................................................................................................. 110 5.2 Impact Identification ................................................................................................................... 110 5.3 Positive Impacts ............................................................................................................................ 110 5.3.1 Impact during Planning and Design phase ............................................................................... 110 5.3.2 Impacts during Construction Phase ......................................................................................... 111 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 6 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 5.3.3 Impacts during Project Operation............................................................................................ 112 5.4. Negative Impacts ........................................................................................................................... 114 5.4.1 Water Resources Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring: .......................................................... 115 5.4.2 Noise and Vibration Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring: ............................................... 116 5.4.3 Dust Generation and Air Quality Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring: .................................. 116 5.4.4 Public/Occupational Health and Safety Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring: ........................ 117 5.4.5 Potential HIV/AIDS and STIs Spread, Mitigation and Monitoring: ........................................... 118 5.4.6 Waste Generation Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring: ........................................................ 119 5.4.7 Potential Road Diversion Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring: .............................................. 120 5.4.8 Temporary Site Office Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring:................................................... 121 5.4.8 Loss of Biomass Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring:............................................................. 121 5.4.9 Labor Influx Management Plan; Mitigation and Monitoring ................................................... 122 5.4.10 Gender Based Violence (GBV) ................................................................................................ 124 5.4.11 Code of Conduct for the Co-ordination of Road Works and Related Matters ...................... 125 5.5 Summary of Impact Analysis ..................................................................................................... 126 CHAPTER SIX - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN, MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES .................................................................................................................................................................. 128 6.1 Management Plans ......................................................................................................................... 128 6.2 Guidelines for Mitigation ................................................................................................................ 128 6.3 Chance Find Procedure ............................................................................................................. 129 6.4 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Various Project Roads ............................................................. 131 6.3.1 WARD ....................................................................................................................................... 131 6.3.2 Port Loko District ......................................................................................................................... 135 6.3.3 Kambia District ............................................................................................................................. 138 6.4.4 Moyamba District......................................................................................................................... 142 6.4.5 Kenema District ............................................................................................................................ 145 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 7 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 6.4.6 KONO............................................................................................................................................ 149 6.4.7 Kailahun District ........................................................................................................................... 152 6.4.8 Bonthe District ............................................................................................................................. 156 6.5 ESMPs Implementation Budget ...................................................................................................... 160 6.6 Institutional Arrangements ....................................................................................................... 167 6.7 Grievance Redress Mechanism ....................................................................................................... 170 6.8 Grievance Focal Points, Complaints Reporting, Recording and Monitoring ................................. 170 CHAPTER SEVEN - PUBLIC CONSULTATION, INFORMATION AND DISCLOSURE ....................................... 172 7.1 Public Consultation and Participation ....................................................................................... 173 7.2 Stakeholders ........................................................................................ 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Bookmark not defined. 7.3 Findings from Public Consultation Meeting .................................................................................... 173 CHAPTER EIGHT – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................. 176 8.1 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................... 176 8.2 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 178 8.3 Disclosure of Environmental and Social Safeguards Instrument .................................................... 179 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. 179 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................................. 182 APPENDIX 1: List of stakeholders and affected persons consulted ...................................................... 182 Appendix 2: Photos of FGDs with Communities and community engegement along the Project Route .............................................................................................................................................................. 182 Appendix 3: EPA Checklist for ESHIA License ........................................................................................ 184 .............................................................................................................................................................. 184 .............................................................................................................................................................. 185 .............................................................................................................................................................. 186 APPENDIX 4: In-situ and Laboratory Tests results ................................................................................ 186 Appendix 5: Baseline Summary Table................................................................................................... 194 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 8 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Appendix 6: Maps of Project Roads ...................................................................................................... 201 Appendix 7: Maps Showing Locations where Noise, Dust and Water Quality samples were collected .............................................................................................................................................................. 209 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: List of project roads ...................................................................................................................... 29 Table 2: Scope of works for spot improvement project .............................................................................. 31 Table 3: Proposed Design Standards for Sierra Leone’s Rural Feeder Roads ............................................ 38 Table 4: Sierra Leone Public Road Network (Source: Transport Sector Strategy Note March2007) ........ 42 Table 5: Comparative Analysis between World Bank OP 4.12 and Sierra Leone Legislations ........... 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Table 6: Scoping matrix .............................................................................................................................. 53 Table 7: WHO guidelines on dust levels .................................................................................................... 76 Table 8: World Bank limits noise level guidelines for maximum outdoor noise level dBA ...................... 77 Table 9: World Bank limits noise level guidelines for maximum outdoor noise level dBA ...................... 93 Table 10: Summary of impact analysis ..................................................................................................... 126 Table 11: Summary of chance find procedures ........................................................................................ 130 Table 12: ESMP summary WARD ........................................................................................................... 131 Table 13: ESMP summary Port Loko ....................................................................................................... 135 Table 14: ESMP summary Kambia .......................................................................................................... 138 Table 15: ESMP summary Moyamba ....................................................................................................... 142 Table 16: ESMP summary Kenema .......................................................................................................... 145 Table 17: ESMP summary Kono .............................................................................................................. 149 Table 18: ESMP summary Kailahun ........................................................................................................ 152 Table 19: ESMP summary Bonthe............................................................................................................ 156 Table 20: Timeline for Grievance Redress ................................................................................................ 171 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 9 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 10 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE LIST OF ACRONYMS AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome BOQ Bill Of Quantity CBO Community Based Organizations DFID Department for International Development EC Environmental Clearance ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPA-SL Environmental Protection Agency- Sierra Leone ESIA Environmental Social Impact Assessment ESHIA Environmental Social and Health Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FBO Farmer Based Organizations FGD Focus Group Discussion FV Field Visit GDP Gross Domestic Product GoSL Government of Sierra Leone HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus ICT Information Communication Technology IDA International Development Agency of the World Bank IDB Islamic Development Bank IFC International Finance Corporation IVS Inland Valley Swamps LIMP Labour Influx Management Plan MAFFS Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MDGs Millennium Development Goals Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 11 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE MIS Market Information Services MLCPE Ministry of Lands, Country Planning and the Environment MLGRD Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development MTI Ministry of Trade and Industry MWHI Ministry of Works, Housing and Infrastructure NAFSL National Association of Farmers of Sierra Leone NGO Non-Governmental Organization NRS National Road System NSC National Steering Committee NTE Non- Traditional Exports PA Project Area PAPs Project Affected persons PCR Physical Cultural Resource PCU Project Coordinating Unit PDO Project Development Objectives PHU Public Health Unit PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper RAP Resettlement Action Plan RFP Request for Proposal RMFA Road Maintenance Fund Administration ROW Right of Way RPF Resettlement Policy Framework (Prepared for predecessor Project) RPSDP Rural and Private Sector Development Project SAP Structural Adjustment Program SCADeP Smallholder Commercialization and Agribusiness Development Project SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 12 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE SH Sexual Harassment SLIEPA Sierra Leone Investment and Export Promotion Agency SLRA Sierra Leone Road Authority SLSB Sierra Leone Standards Board SM Structures Meetings SMEs Small and Medium scale Enterprises STI Sexually Transmitted Infection TOR Terms of Reference VIP Very Important People Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 13 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION The Government of Sierra Leone in its bid to increase agricultural productivity and improve access to remote rural farming communities’ whilst also connecting farmers to markets and produce processing centers, has secured funding from the International Development Association of the World Bank towards the cost of the Smallholder Commercialization & Agribusiness Development Project (SCADeP). With a view to achieving its objectives, SCADeP has allocated a portion of this funding to secure consulting services to carry out a comprehensive feeder roads Assessment and Prioritization Study on a list of selected roads submitted by eight district councils across the country comprising 206 culverts crossing points and 26 bridge locations. The Smallholder Commercialization and Agribusiness Development Project (SCADeP) is an agricultural and infrastructure project that aims to boost investment in agriculture and help improve the associated infrastructure. The Smallholder Commercialization and Agribusiness Development Project (SCADeP) in post war Sierra Leone had the singular focus of boosting agricultural productivity and sales primarily in cash crops by reducing the inefficiencies in the value chain network from the farms, the produce processing centers and eventually allowing produce to reach markets within the minimum time possible. In order to achieve its objective, the Smallholder Commercialization and Agribusiness Development Project (SCADeP) has been divided into four components: Component A: Support for Agri-Business Farmer linkages and small and medium scale enterprises along selected value chains. • This component aims to strengthen linkages between agribusiness firms and farmers and promote producer associations and small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) linkages operating in selected agricultural value chains. Component B: Market Access Improvement • The objective of this component is to support implementation of productive agribusiness – farmer linkages by addressing market access and coordination issues that constrain smallholder productivity and market efficiency. The project will support the rehabilitation of feeder roads that link agribusinesses to smallholder producers and also aggregation centers for farmers as well as simple market coordination through information, communication technologies (ICT) or cell-phone based price information system. • Sub-Component B.1: Feeder roads rehabilitation and maintenance (US$25 million, of which US$ 10 million IDA): This support will help to link high agricultural production Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 14 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE areas to markets. This component will support the rehabilitation, spot improvements and maintenance of 500-600 km of feeder roads using performance-based contracts. This sub- component also includes construction of river crossing structures. Specific focus will be on those rural roads that link markets to production areas with high volumes of perishable crops and produce. In addition, the project will scale-up the capacity of the district assemblies to undertake maintenance for the rehabilitated feeder roads using labour-based methods. Special focus will be given to capacity building of specialized contractors, their work force, and involved government bodies through training and provision of advisory services. To minimize risks associated with migrating workers, the majority of the labour- based works will be scheduled when demand for farm labour is low, usually from December to March. The project will support a market study to explore options to • Address the feeder roads maintenance budget deficit through the Road Maintenance Fund Administration (RMFA). • Sub-component B.2: Support for aggregation structures and ICT technologies to facilitate market coordination (US$1 million): This sub-component is meant to address the market coordination failures that arise from the lack of aggregation structures such as produce collection centers, rice drying floors, storage warehouses and other such structures which serve to aggregate smallholder farmer produce, making it easier for off-takers to collect the produce without incurring high aggregation costs. Where possible and economically viable, the project will ensure that already existing structures, such as those in the ABCs and FBOs are rehabilitated. In addition to such aggregation structures, the project will also explore the use of ICT technologies for market price information in order to address the price information asymmetry which is a major factor affecting efficient access to markets among smallholder farmers. Component C: Capacity Building support for state and non-state institutions and producer organizations: • The objective of this component is to support the implementation of productive agribusiness-farmer linkages by addressing the skills and organizational challenges that affect smallholder farmers’ inclusion into organized supply chains. Component D: Project coordination, monitoring and evaluation: • The overall day to day running, project coordination and management will be anchored within the Project Coordination Unit (PCU). SUMMARY OF SCOPE OF WORK In summary, the scope of work comprised: Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 15 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Collection of primary and secondary environmental, health, social and cultural data from relevant literature on the project region; • Undertaking field visits to obtain baseline data of prevailing environmental and social conditions; • Preparation of a Scoping Report and approved by the EPA-SL; and • Preparation of an ESHIA report, including an ESMP. ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS • The ESHIA / ESMP study has been undertaken to meet the national requirements for securing the EIA Licence. Relevant international guidelines, consistent with World Bank Safeguard Policies have also been incorporated into the ESHIA and ESMP; • The timeframe within which the study was undertaken did not allow for seasonal variations to be taken into consideration. However, desktop studies were undertaken to obtain historical climatic data and other records obtained at various times during previous years. Notwithstanding the aforementioned assumptions and limitations, the ESHIA team employed an evidence-based approach and included scientific information relevant to the Project area. Where possible the ESHIA team sought data and information from other sources at a level of detail adequate to conduct the ESHIA study. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY First of all, the Consultant has reviewed previous environmental impact assessment studies carried out in the project affected areas. The missing data, analysis and computation were identified. These gaps were filled by collecting additional data during field visits. The environmental baseline data were collected during extensive field visits by the EIA team to all the project locations in the eight districts. The approach and methodology, is based on the requirements of the TOR and accordingly given full consideration to the objectives, purpose and the scope of the study. Furthermore, the consultants have taken into account the requirements of regulations and standards governing environmental issues both in Sierra Leone and the World Bank. Participation of stakeholders has also been taken into consideration in formulating the approach and methodology for the study. It is proposed to integrate the existing and proposed environmental and social safeguard measures in the overall planning, design, rehabilitation and operation of the selected rural feeder roads in the eight (8) districts. The approach is to follow the sequence of steps adopted by EPA-SL for the awarding of an EIA license as described in Appendix 3. The study was conducted in such a manner and procedure that it fulfills the requirements of EPA-SL and the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguards. The changes likely to occur in different components of the environment viz. land, water, air, ecological, noise and socioeconomic etc. have been studied, analyzed and verified wherever Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 16 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE possible. The study also involved documentary surveys and analyses, field visits, stakeholder consultations and public interviews to establish potential impacts likely to emanate from the project’s implementation. The cost of management and monitoring programs were estimated and budgeted. This report is the result of the process. LEGAL, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK A detailed review was undertaken of all Sierra Leonean relevant policy, legal and regulatory requirements to ensure that all such requirements are taken into full consideration throughout the ESHIA/ESMP. In addition, good international industry practice and the institutional context was considered in this section of the ESHIA. The following was assessed: National Feeder Roads Policy: • National Environmental Policy (1994); • National Land Policy (2015); • Road Safety Policy; • Forest Policy (2010); • National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2003); • Conservation and Wildlife Policy (2010); • Disaster Management Preparedness Plan (2006), and Land Tenure and Ownership. • National Feeder Roads Policy Legislation: • Sierra Leone Environment Protection Agency Act (2008 / 2010); • Local Government Act (2004) • The Sierra Leone Roads Authority (Amendment) Act (2010); • The Road Transport Authority Act (1996) (Amended to the Roads Safety Authority Act (2016); • The Road Maintenance Fund Administration Act (2010); • Road Traffic Act (2007); • The National Protected Area Authority and Conservation Trust Fund Act (2012); • The Forestry Act (1988); • Wildlife Conservation Amendment Act (1990), and Institutional Context: • The Environment Protection Agency Sierra Leone; Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 17 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Ministry of Lands, Country Planning and the Environment; • The Ministry of Works, Housing and Infrastructure; • The Ministry of Transport and Aviation; • The Sierra Leone Roads Authority; • The Road Maintenance Fund Administration; • The Sierra Leone Road Safety Authority. • Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security; • Monument and Relics Commission International Lending Institutions Policies, Standards and Guidelines, including requirements of: • World Bank Group Health, Environment, and Safetty Guidelines PROJECT DETAILS The project involves the construction of two hundred and six (206) culverts, twenty-six (26) bridges and the rehabilitation of twenty-one kilometers (21km), maintenanace of one hundred and sixty-two kilometers (162km) critical sections of the road carriageway in eight (8) districts. According to the Consultant Design Report, Project activities include the following: Rehabilitation: • Rehabilitation of critical sections of carriageway to include filling of potholes and surface depressions along the alignment; • Construction of new bridges and culverts; Maintenance Activities: • Brushing of the right of way to increase sight distance; • Minor repair works on bridges and culverts POTENTIAL IMPACTS, MITIGATION AND MONITORING MEASURES The main benefits of the projects will include enhanced mobility and access to market centres, efficient transportation, as well as reduced vehicle operating cost, reduced transportation cost and time and also CO2 emissions. The term “spot� as used in this document refers to critical sections along the project roads that are in urgent need of rehabilitation/maintenance; these sections in some cases act as cutoff points or severely reduces the performance of the road. With the spot improvement works, farmers will be able to transport farm produce easily and reducing post harvest losses. The potential adverse impacts for which relevant mitigation and monitoring measures have been provided include: pressure on water resource and quality, drainage/flooding and erosion, dust generation and air quality deterioration, temporary site office relocation, noise and vibration, occupational health and safety, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and waste generation as well as impacts of road diversion during construction of culverts and bridges. Mitigation measures include: culverts and drains designed with adequate capacity to direct and contain flows and run-off, to prevent overflow and road embankment erosion; excavated and Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 18 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE heaped materials retained in confinements and located 50 meters (minimum distance) away from water bodies and drainage channels; covering of all flyable materials; agreement between contractor and owner of land identified for erection of site office; use of noise protection devices and limiting time of exposure; water dousing, speed control limits and ramps; training and strict schedule of maintenance/servicing of machinery; use of personal protective equipment (PPE), provision of first aid kits as well as erection of warning signs; sensitization and awareness on transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS and STIs; composting and segregation of waste as well as maintaining high hygienic standards. In addition to mounting warning signs and directing traffic near culvert and bridge construction sites, barricades will also be mounted to protect workers. Monitoring will check the effectiveness of mitigation and erosion prevention measures, material losses into and contamination of water bodies; records of machinery maintenance schedules; noise and vibration exposure levels and duration; water dousing and speed control; fulfilment of the terms of agreement on use of site for project office; records of injury and clinic attendance cases, use and state of PPEs; HIV/ AIDS awareness programs effectiveness; state of toilets and segregation of waste; and mounted road signs and directing of traffic. Environmental and Social Management Plan Implementation The general outline of the ESMP implementation by the various actors will involve the following stages: • ESMP preparation and approval; • Contract specifications on E&S safeguards obligations; • Spot improvement project contract award; • E&S safeguards implementation plan and schedule; • Spot improvement project commencement; • Capacity building on E&S safeguards (and other awareness programme); • E&S safeguards and mitigation implementation; • Monitoring of safeguard/mitigation measures; • Reporting; and • Compliance and other periodic verification monitoring. The main environmental and social safeguard measures in the ESMPs are: • Water resources, erosion control and flood prevention management; • Noise and vibration exposure management; • Dust control management; • Public and occupational health and safety management; • HIV/AIDS and health awareness management; • Waste management; • Road diversion and accident prevention; • Temporary site office reinstatement; • Reinstatement of borrow pits; • Loss of vegetation; and Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 19 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Protection of sensitive sites. Environmental Specialists/officers will be involved during all phases of project implementation: ESSS of the PCU, Environmental Officer for the Design and Supervision Engineer and the Environmental Officer for the Works Contractor. Regarding the implementation, the supervision and the monitoring of the ESMP, responsibilities, roles, tasks and frequencies are as follow: 1. The Contractor has the following responsibilities, roles and tasks: • Contractor’s supervising team and environmental officer implements the environmental mitigation measures and their related monitoring activities on a daily basis; • Environmental Officer carries out inspections on a weekly basis; • Environmental Officer documents monitoring activities and results in a weekly environmental report; • In case of inadequate monitoring results, Environmental Officer identifies the necessary corrective actions through a Corrective Action Plan as soon as possible; • In cases of accidents (fire, explosion, oil spill, road accidents, etc.), the Contractor must notify the Engineer immediately. Initial notification might be verbal, but must be followed by a written report within 24 hours after the incident or accident happened; • Environmental Officer prepares weekly and monthly environmental report as part of Contractor’s monthly progress report. 2. The Design and Supervising Engineer has the following responsibilities, roles and tasks: • Supervise, monitor, inspect and coordinate, on a monthly basis, the tasks of the environmental, health & safety Officer and the Contractor’s construction activities; • Inspect sites Contractor are intending to use for construction camp (s), facilities, storage, parking, waste dumping, health & safety, etc. prior the start of operation, prepares the reports on the findings of inspection and submits to the PCU for approval, as soon as this information is available; • Review Corrective Action Plans provided by the Contractor and transfer to the engineer approval; • Inspect and supervise the implementation of corrective actions by the contractor to ensure their effectiveness soon after their implementation; • Monitor the effectiveness of the corrective actions; • Review the Contractor’s weekly monitoring reports to check on proper the data and information of the environmental monitoring activities; • Review and approve the documents submitted by Contractor based on consultation with PCU, updated ESMP, report outlines and templates, etc.; • Prepare a monthly progress report based on contractor monthly progress report, including environmental safeguards and monitoring implementation; 3. The PCU responsibilities, roles and tasks are: • Regularly inspect construction activities; • Review the monthly environmental safeguards, including monitoring reports submitted by the Engineer; Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 20 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Keep the recording of monitoring data; • Prepare and submit to the WB and DFID monthly reports; • Other broader tasks assigned to PCU include the general management of the ESMP and ensuring compliance to EPA-SL and WB Environmental and Social Safeguard policies. EPA-SL has the authority to inspect the Project’s compliance with the environmental protection principles and relevant regulations in accordance with the EPA ACTS OF 2008 (amended in 2010). A proposed budget of one billion, seven hundred and twenty-six million, eight hundred and seventy-five thousand (Le 1,726,875,000.00) which is equivalent to one hundred and ninty-nine thousand, forty-seven United States dollars and thirty-four cents ($199,047.34) to facilitate implementation of the various measures, monitoring plan and capacity building of the ESMP has been made as an integral part of financing for the rehabilitation/maintenance projects (the breakdown of the various cost items is provided in chapter six of the report). The specific E&S safeguards obligations for the contractor to be incorporated into the contract specifications are also provided, as well as other contractual provisions made in the General Items of the Bills of Quantities. Conclusions and Recommendations The nature of the spot improvement project is such that many of the adverse impacts which are associated with road projects are not expected to occur in connection with the road project. This is primarily down the fact that construction activites will be restricted to the existing carriageway and limited to only the crossing points and critical sections that have been determined to pose the biggest obstacle to the serviceability of the road. This surgical nature of the construction activities will leave the vast majority of the road alignment untouched by construction activities. No adverse direct or indirect impacts are anticipated in respect of environmentally sensitive areas like National Parks, Wildlife Reserves, National Forest Priority Areas, land prone to erosion, wetlands of national or international importance or archaeological or heritage sites. During the operational phase, traffic levels will be much higher, especially with more public forms of transportation making use of the route, given the enhanced access created. This will give rise to complications of noise, air pollution, and crossroad access for pedestrians and safety. However, the construction and operation of the road will lead to a variety of changes in the local and wider environment. Many of the effects will be beneficial, particularly the impact at a regional level of increasing the reliability of road transport and the potential to develop the local economy through improved infrastructure and employment opportunities. The potential beneficial impacts associated with project implementation are also expected to lead to improved quality of life, particularly for those communities who live in proximity to the road. The new upgraded road will provide good opportunity for goods and services to move along the route. In addition, the increased flow of traffic and goods will ignite economic opportunities for the benefit of the people along the road. The study has also shown that road communities are poor, but blessed with rich potential, which if properly nurtured, can lift the communities up to higher incomes. The Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 21 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE construction of the bridges and culverts will essentially link villages and towns to other parts of the district, thereby providing opportunities for increased business activities within the Districts. This, apart from easing human access will greatly enhance access to agricultural products. Many of these effects will be shortterm and reversible in nature and stem from ground disturbance, operation of equipment and housing of the labour force, but very few that will lead to permanent change. There will also be a need to pay compensation for crops destroyed as a result of the road construction. These adverse impacts are capable of being controlled within acceptable limits, provided that the recommended mitigation measures are adopted. Therefore, if the mitigation and benefit enhancement measures recommended in this ESHIA report are implemented properly, there are no environmental and/or social grounds for not proceeding with implementation of the project in the form in which it is presently envisaged, since the long-term benefits of project implementation outweigh the largely short-term adverse impacts associated with the spot improvement activities, all of which can be mitigated satisfactorily. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 22 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Background The Government of Sierra Leone in its bid to increase agricultural productivity and improve access to remote rural farming communities’ whilst also connecting farmers to markets and produce processing centers, has secured funding from its international development partners namely the International Development Association of the World Bank towards the cost of the Smallholder Commercialization & Agribusiness Development Project (SCADeP). With a view to achieving its objectives, SCADeP has allocated a portion of this funding to secure consulting services to carry out a comprehensive feeder roads Assessment and Prioritization Study on a list of selected roads submitted by eight district councils across the country comprising 204 culverts crossing points and 26 bridge locations. The Smallholder Commercialization and Agribusiness Development Project (SCADeP) is an agricultural and infrastructure project that aims to boost investment in agriculture and help improve the associated infrastructure. The Smallholder Commercialization and Agribusiness Development Project (SCADeP) in post war Sierra Leone had the singular focus of boosting agricultural productivity and sales primarily in cash crops by reducing the inefficiencies in the value chain network from the farms, the produce processing centers and eventually allowing produce to reach markets within the minimum time possible. The Smallholder Commercialization and Agribusiness Development Project (SCADeP) with funding from the World Bank to rehabilitate 500km of feeder roads across the country enabling farmers to access markets and processing centers, cutting down on travel times and vehicle operating costs while also allowing access to remote communities that were previously cut-off from the national road network. The term “spot� as used in this document refers to critical sections along the project roads that are in urgent need of rehabilitation/maintenance; these sections in some cases act as cutoff points or severely reduces the performance of the road. The Spot Improvement project is geared towards identifying critical crossing points that are currently impassable especially to vehicular traffic and the design of interventions to solve this problem using multi-criteria analysis techniques to prioritize the roads of utmost importance based on the road condition, economic importance and social impact. This is part of the national strategy of the Government of Sierra Leone through the Smallholder Commercialization & Agribusiness Development Project (SCADeP) with technical support from the Sierra Leone Roads Authority (SLRA) to revitalize the rural road network through timely interventions. This aim is currently being achieved through projects like the completed Gap Roads Project and the upcoming OPRC project. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 23 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 1.2 ESHIA Objectives The ESHIA studies are developed to meet the regulatory requirements for obtaining an Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) License, as outlined by the Environmental Protection Agency-Sierra Leone (EPA-SL) and the World Bank’s environmental and social policies. The purpose of the ESHIA studies is: • To advise government how project designs can avoid or mitigate negative impacts and enhance environmental and social benefits; • To ensure the project is implemented in an environmentally and and socially sustainable manner; • To prepare the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), the relevant reports as required by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA-SL), the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP); and • Construction supervision and intermediate attendance during Defect Liability Period (PHASE 2). 1.3 Duration of the Works The Construction works is expected to cover five (5) months with a defect liability period of three (3) months. 1.4 Scope of Services The scope of services includes ensuring that feeder roads spot improvement project is implemented in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner and in full compliance with GoSL and the World Bank’s environmental and social policies and regulations. In this ESHIA study, a baseline evaluation was undertaken of the social, economic and environmental setting of the various project roads corridor and related points where direct and indirect effects would be felt. In this context, in line with the requirements of the study, an emphasis was also placed on the social aspects of the study. The scope of services in brief is as follows: • Review of baseline data for various environmental and social attributes on Physical Environment; Water Environment; Ecological Environment; Environmental Pollution and Physical Cultural Resources and Socio-economic profile; and complete missing elements; • Description of the environmental, social and economic issues associated with the project (including relevant Gender Development, Poverty Alleviation, Health and HIV issues); • Description of anticipated positive and negative environmental and social impacts of proposed feeder roads with particular focus on social, economic and natural resources aspects; • Prepare environmental and social management plans (ESMPs) to effectively address the impacts; • In the process, hold public and stakeholder consultations through interviews and meetings with government officials, farmers, village chiefs, transporters, women groups, etc.; Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 24 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Reporting included a full ESHIA studies report; and • Prepare post project monitoring programs, institutional arrangement to implement the environmental and social plans. 1.5 Approach and Methodology In formulating this approach and methodology, the Consultants have carefully gone through the requirements of the TOR and accordingly given full consideration to the objectives, purpose and the scope of the study. Further the consultants have taken into account the different nature of habitation in settlement areas with their regulations, requirements and standards of services. Participation of stakeholders has also been taken into consideration in formulating the approach and methodology for the study. The approach in undertaking the ESHIA studies for the spot improvement of the selected Feeder Roads in eight (8) Districts is to follow the sequence of steps adopted in an ESHIA study as stipulated in the EPA-SL guidelines shown in Appendix 3. The study is conducted in such a manner and procedure so that it fulfills the requirements of EPA-SL, and the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguards operation policies and procedures. The proposed methodology flow chart for undertaking the detailed ESHIA studies and preparation of ESHIA AND ESMP reports is available in Appendix 3. The study involved mainly review of relevant literature, field visits, stakeholder consultations and public interviews in order to establish potential impacts likely to emanate from the project implementation, to develop mitigation measures and an ESMP. The exercise adopted an integrated approach with particular emphasis on field visits in the Project Areas (PAs) and local stakeholder consultations. The basic concept is to ascertain the existing baseline conditions and assess the impacts as a result of construction and operation of the project. The changes likely to occur in different components of the environment viz. land, water, air, ecological, environmental and socio-economic etc. have been studied, analyzed, verified and quantified, wherever possible. The identification of parameters for data generation and impact assessment are important. The accurate analysis of assessment depends upon the reliable data generated/available on environmental and social attribute. The impacts are assessed for various phases of project cycle namely: • Impacts due to project location and design, • Impacts due to project construction, and • Impacts due to project operation. The impacts are categorized as negative and positive. The cost of management and monitoring programs were estimated and budgeted for. The standard methodology for the review, field visit data collection, impact assessment and formulation of management plans is adopted. The Environmental Protection Act and other relevant Legislation and Laws were consulted with a view to ensure compliance with various requirements. The consultant obtained the relevant environmental and social baseline data for environmental and social attributes from primary and Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 25 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE secondary sources. The primary sources include public consultations, site visits and visual inspection, in addition to some field measurements (dust and noise levels). The secondary sources include the reports, books, maps and documents from various government and non-government organizations on subject matter. The methodology proposed to be adopted for data collection, impact analysis, preparation of environmental management and monitoring plans is summarized below. The methodology adopted for this environmental and social assessment study is summarized appendix 3. Collection and Review of Available Information The Consultant collected and reviewed published regulations, guidelines and national policy papers. Information on existing environmental conditions necessary to provide the basic background for impact identification and assessment was obtained from these published sources and also from field observations considering the limited environmental data available for the various PAs. Review of Baseline Data and Update The existing land-use pattern along the feeder roads have been identified mainly as agricultural, forest and trees, human settlements, water bodies and/or marshy land. The Soils and geology parameters are studied from the available data on the project areas and from the studies carried out as part of this project. Water Resources in the project areas were considered in terms of precipitation and drainage. These will facilitate to decide various uses such as drinking, irrigation construction work etc. The cross-drainage issues were identified to meet run off flow during project operation. Hence, noise levels, site specific ecology and sociological aspects were monitored on feeder roads to develop present baseline levels in the area. The specific issues such as physical cultural resources which were obtained based on-site visits. The ecology was determined based on the vegetation types encountered and documented through the visual inspection, past research and field investigations. The field assessments were also carried out to supplement the available information. During the field visit, information on the physical resources, ecological resources, economic development activities, socio-economic aspects, health and cultural aspect, and other values in the PAs have been collected. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment The objective of this assignment sub-task is to undertake a detailed ESHIA studies associated with the spot improvement of feeder roads. The changes likely to occur in different components of the environment were studied and analyzed. The core area of study is the road carriageway, right of way (ROW) which is 6-7 m and additional 3 m on side for major features. Based on project particulars and the existing environmental conditions, potential impacts were identified that are expected to be affected as a result of the proposed project and wherever possible, these were quantified. Both positive and negative impacts associated with the various project activities would Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 26 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE be evaluated to have an idea about resultant impacts. These impacts would be assessed for various phases of project cycle namely, Pre-construction (location, design), construction and operation. The standard methodology would be adopted for impact prediction and assessment. The predictions of environmental attributes were missing with respect to increase in traffic especially for noise, air, ecology etc. Hence predictions of impacts were through mathematical modelling, overlays/ super imposition of activity, or comparison of impacts observed. The environmental impact of the project includes changes in land use, soil erosion, air quality and noise levels, cutting of trees, impact on forest and wildlife etc. Finally, an impact analysis is prepared for environmental and social parameters or impact indicators to summarizing the potential impacts. Anticipated impacts that may emanate from the project were analysed against baseline conditions and the information obtained from documentary review. To enable objective impacts predictions, where possible and practical, the different project roads were evaluated for site specific issues. Social Analysis and Public Consultations The ESHIA studies involved conducting field surveys and involving stakeholders through participatory direct or indirect consultations. First of all, the stakeholders were identified. The main groups of stakeholders are: PAPs, Local authorities, Community People and Road Users, and Government Agencies and Other Organizations. These were appraised about the project. A questionnaire was specifically developed to collect the socio-economic information from the project affected family. The socio-economic details were collected and analysed for existing status. During the consultative process, beside the local administrative, other social organizations were also invited to attend the communication meetings. The process included discussions with national and local stakeholders, and some public interviews through the organization of structured meetings (SM) along the various project routes. In order to ensure harmonized procedure for fieldwork, information gathering and reporting, the ESHIA evaluation was as much as possible closely tied with other experts in the consultant’s technical study team and in close cooperation with SLRA. Environmental and Social Management Plan The project will provide higher living standard, better quality of life and facilitate socio-economic activities for people living along the various road corridors. The ESMP is essential to ensure that stress/loads on the systems are within carrying capacity of the existing environment. The ESMP aims at maintaining the environmental quality of project area at-least in the levels of pre-project stage. An environmental management plans were developed to mitigate the adverse impacts that may arise as a direct or indirect consequence of the spot improvement activities. Efforts are made to enhance the quality of environmental attributes. 1.5.1 Environmental Monitoring It is necessary to monitor the environmental attributes during construction and operational phases of the project. Monitoring would indicate any environmental problems, for which the appropriate mitigation measures will be promptly implemented. The post project environmental monitoring Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 27 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE program (defect liability period) was designed for implementation along with the cost for environmental monitoring. 1.5.2 Reporting (Desk Analysis) The reporting stage comprised of analyses of available data and information, pre-arranged review meetings, the development of ESMP, production of draft reports for review by the client, WB and EPA-SL and final report upon receipt of appropriate comments and feedback. 1.6 Liaison with Authorities and Project Stakeholders For the preparation of this report, the team members / experts have liaised with the SCADeP, EPA-SL, SLRA, District Councils, MAFFS and the WB in order to discuss the proposed scope, available data in the specific area on environmental and social attributes and general comments/observations that these authorities may have on the project and its environs. In addition, informal consultations were organized with individuals and communities along the project roads, in order to present the project and collect their views on the perceived positive and negative impacts on account of this new development. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 28 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE CHAPTER TWO - PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Project Locations The project roads are located across eight (8) Districts and traverse thirty-six (36) Chiefdoms. List of the various project roads are showing in Table 1. The project activities involve the construction of two hundred and six culverts and twenty-six bridges. The construction activities will occur at locations were existing structures have failed or were crossing points exists, these structures will replace mostly trees trucks that serve as culverts/bridges at the various locations. Table 1: List of project roads District Culvert/Location No. Bridge/Location No. WARD Newton - Robis 1 Mayeimi Bana - Songo junction 2 Total 3 Total NIL PORTLOKO Rogberay Junction - Komrabai 1 Rogberay Junction - Komrabai 1 Gbomtrait - Makasi 1 Maforay-Makaiba 1 Kambia Makama - Madeh 4 Mafoimarah - Mateikoh 1 Malai Soko-Royama 2 Masorie - Mamalikie 1 Mafoimarah - Mateikoh 4 Lungi – Gbaneh, Thullah Street 10 – Kamem Wharf Masimera – Mabankra - 12 Mayolla Magbain - Fedugu 2 Total 36 Total 4 KAMBIA Rogberay - Mapotonlon 8 Gbonkomaria - Kathakera 1 Bamoi Luma – Katic Jct 2 Mambolo - Rokel 1 Masunthu - Maselleh 1 Kathirie - Mafafila 1 Total 12 Total 2 MOYAMBA Largo to Belebu 2 Largo to Belebu 1 Bauya to Gangama 6 Bauya to Gangama 1 Rotifunk to Motobon 10 Mogbuoma to Gondama 3 Mogbuoma to Gondama 4 Kawela – Toabu 1 Kawela – Toabu 1 Senehun - Palewahun 2 Total 25 Total 6 KENEMA Kpetewoma-Yorvuhun 6 Giema Dama-Kebawana 2 junction Bambara Junction to Bambara 2 Gbomgboma Junction- 1 Levuma-Dodo Rd Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 29 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Kenema-Komende-Vaahun 6 Patama Dama Junction- 1 Kpandemei PatamaDama Junction- 7 Sendumei-Jui 1 Kpandemei Yaweima-Saama 2 Bambara Junction to Bambara 1 Blama-Golahun-Vaama 13 Gbandalahun-Maina 1 Sendumei-Jui 2 Blama-Jowomei 5 Yawaju-Woyama 3 Gbandalahun-Maina 3 Geima Dama-Kebawana 10 junction Gbomgboma Junction-Levuma- 1 Dodo Rd Total 57 Total 7 KONO Sewafe – Madina 2 Bambakunaya Junction – 15 Kayima Yardu - Yeikuma 4 Kayima - Fuimagado 6 Total 27 Total NIL KAILAHUN Borbu-Jorlu 3 Borbu-Jorlu 1 Kailahun-Baoma 6 Bandajuma-Kosiala 2 Bandajuma-Kosiala 5 Ngiehun-Mende Bumer 1 Mandu Jct to Kpeje-Baoma 6 Ngiehun-Mende Bumer 8 Mopama to Nyanyahun 4 Total 32 Total 4 BONTHE Tihun - Gerehun 3 Tihun - Gerehun 1 Wolleh - Mende 1 Wolleh - Griema 1 Manjama – Palewahun 2 Manjama - Palewahun 1 Kpandebu - Togoleh 3 Sogbaleh - Bengeh 1 Kanga - Nyandehun 1 Wolleh - Griema 3 Total 14 Total 3 GRAND TOTAL 206 GRAND TOTAL 26 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 30 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 2.2 Project Details 2.2.1 Scope of Spot Improvement Works The scope of the project is to undertake Spot Improvements of the selected/prioritized roads and construction of structures as captured in the table below. Table 2: Scope of works for spot improvement project Table 2: Scope of Works for the Spot Improvements of 125 km of Rural Feeder Roads including construction of Culverts and Bridges NO. DISTRICT CHIEFDOM SCOPE OF WORK Construction of 1No.1.2m pipe culvert, rehabilitation of 30m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 0.149Km of critical sections along Newton – Robis 1 WARD KOYA Construction of 1No. 2.5m double box culvert, 1No. 2.5m single box, rehabilitation of 140m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 0.144Km of critical sections along Mayeimi Bana – Songo Junction Construction of 1No. 2.5m double box culvert, 1.2m pipe culvert, rehabilitation of 140m of approaches of KOYA crossings and spot improvement of 2.0Km of critical sections along Malai Soko - Royama Construction of 4No. 2.5m single box culverts, rehabilitation of 310m of approaches to crossings and TSM spot improvement of 3.2Km of critical sections along Kambia Makama – Madeh 2 PORTLOKO Construction of 1No. 2.5m single box culverts, 2No. 1.2m Single pipe culverts, rehabilitation of 140m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 1.5Km of critical sections along Gbaneh - Lungi KAFFU BULLOM Construction of 1No. 2.5m single box culverts, 4No. 0.9m Single pipe culverts 2No. 1.2m Single pipe culverts, rehabilitation of 310m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 1.0Km of critical sections along Thullah Street - Kamem Wharf Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 31 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Construction of 1No. Bridge (8m), 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, rehabilitation of 220m of approaches of LOKOMASSAMA crossings and spot improvement of 1.8Km of critical sections along Rogberay - Komrabai Construction of 1No. Bridge (8m), rehabilitation of 200m of approaches of crossing and spot improvement of 3.0Km of critical sections along Maforay - Makaiba MAFORKI Construction of 1No. Bridge (8m), 1No. 2.5m double box culverts, 3No. 2.5m single box culverts, rehabilitation of 390m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 2.0Km of critical sections along Mafoimarah – Mateikoh Construction of 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, rehabilitation of 80m of approaches of crossing and spot improvement of 3.2Km of critical sections along Gbomtrait – Makasi. BKM Construction of 1No. 2.5m double box culvert, 1 No. single box culvert rehabilitation of 180m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 2.6Km of critical sections along Magbain - Fedugu Construction of 1No. 1.2m single pipe culvert, 1No. 0.9m single pipe culvert, rehabilitation of 80m of MAGBEMA approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 4.7Km of critical sections along Barmoi Luma – Katic Junction. Construction of 1No. 2.5m double box culverts, 4No. 2.5m single box culverts, 3No. 1.2m pipe culvert, 4No. 0.9m pipe culverts, rehabilitation of 720m of MASIMERA approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 6.0Km of critical sections along Masimera – Mabankra – Mayolla Rehabilitation of 1No. Bridge (15m) (construction of wing walls, kerbs and installation of pedestrian guard rails), rehabilitation of 100m of approaches of Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 32 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE crossings and spot improvement of 0.8Km of critical sections along Masorie – Mamalikie Construction of 1No. Bridge (15m), rehabilitation of 100m of approaches of crossing and spot MAGBEMA improvement of 1.0Km of critical sections along Gbonkomaria - Kathakera Construction of 1No. Bridge (15m), rehabilitation of 100m of approaches of crossing and spot MAMBOLO improvement of 2.3Km of critical sections along Mambolo - Rokel Construction of 1No. 2.5m single box culverts, rehabilitation of 50m of approaches of crossing and 3 KAMBIA spot improvement of 2.1Km of critical sections along Masunthu - Maselleh TONKO LIMBA Construction of 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, rehabilitation of 40m of approaches of crossing and spot improvement of 1.0Km of critical sections along Kathirie - Mafafila Construction of 7No. 2.5m single box culverts, 1No. 0.9m pipe culverts, rehabilitation of 345m of GBINE DIXING approaches of crossings and spot improvement of AND SAMU 11.2Km of critical sections along Rogberay to Mapontonlon Rehabilitation of the approach existing 1No. Bridge BAUYA - (22m) (built outside the existing alignment), KONGBORA construction of 5No. 2.5m single box culvert, 1No. AND GANGAMA double box culvert, rehabilitation of 920m of – BUMPEH approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 3.6Km of critical sections along for Bauya – Gangama 4 MOYAMBA Construction of 3No. 2.5m double box culverts, 6 No. 2.5m single box culverts, and 1No. 0.9m single pipe BUMPEH culvert, rehabilitation of 970m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 8.0Km of critical sections along for Rotinfunk - Motobon KAMAJEI Construction of 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, 1No. 2.5m double box culvert, rehabilitation of 190m of Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 33 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 6.1Km of critical sections along for of approaches for Senehun - Palewahun Construction of 1No. Bridge (7m), 2No. 2.5m single box culverts, rehabilitation of 180m of approaches of LOWER BANTA crossings and spot improvement of 2.0Km of critical sections along Largo - Belebu Construction of 1No. Bridge (14m), 1No. 2.5m double box culvert, rehabilitation of 170m of approaches of KORI crossings and spot improvement of 1.3Km of critical sections along for Kawela - Toabu Construction of 1No. Bridge (7m), 1No. Bridge (13), 1No. Bridge (15m), 3No. 2.5m single box culverts, 1No. 2.5m double box culvert, rehabilitation of 580m KAMAJEI of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 3.26Km of critical sections along for Mogbouma – Gondama Construction of 2No. 1.2m single pipe culverts, 4No.2.5m double box culverts, rehabilitation of 620m to approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 3.6 km of critical sections from Kpetewoma - Yorvuhun Construction of 1No. Bridge (7m), 1No. 2.5m single box, 1No. 2.5m double box culvert, rehabilitation of 670m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 1.8km critical sections from Bambara KENEMA Junction – Bambara Village. 5 SMALL BO Construction of 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, 1No.1.2m single pipe culvert, rehabilitation of 40m of approaches of crossings and maintenance/rehabilitation of 2.6 km critical sections from Yaweima – Saama. Construction of 1No. Bridge (10m), 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, rehabilitation of 60m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 7.2 km critical sections from Gbomgboma Juntion – Leppiama Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 34 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Construction of 4No. 2.5m single box culvert, 1No.1.2m single pipe culverts and rehabilitation of 790m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 7.2 km critical sections from Blama – Jowomei Construction of 4No. 2.5m double box culverts, 6No. 2.5m single box culvert, 1No. 0.9m single pipe culvert, 2No. 1.2m single pipe culverts, rehabilitation of 890m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 7.2 km critical sections from Blama – Golahun-Vaama Construction of 1No. Bridge (13m), 2No. 2.5m single box culverts and rehabilitation of 230m of approaches KOYA AND and maintenance of critical sections from of crossings NIAWA and spot improvement of 6.5 km critical sections from Sendumei - Jui Construction of 3No. 2.5m single box culverts, 3No. 1.2m single pipe culverts, rehabilitation of 652m of NONGOWA approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 12.3km critical sections from Kenema – Komenda- Vaahun Construction of 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, 2No.2.5m double culvert, rehabilitation of 430m of LANGURAMA approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 1.6 km critical sections from Yawaju – Woyama. Construction of 1No. Bridge (10m), 3No. 2.5m double box culverts, 4No. 2.5m single box culverts, DAMA rehabilitation of 1.6km of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 3.5 km critical sections from Patama Dama - Kpandemei Construction of 1No. Bridges (8m), 2No. 2.5m double box culvert, 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, NOMO rehabilitation of 480m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 1.5 km critical sections from Gbandalahun - Maina DAMA AND Construction of 1No. Bridge (13m), 1No. Bridge (6m), GAURA 3No. 2.5m double box culverts, 4No. 2.5m single box culverts, 2No. 1.2m single pipe culverts, 1No. 0.9m Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 35 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE single pipe culvert, rehabilitation of 320m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 10.8 km of critical sections from Geima Dama - Kebawana Construction of 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, 1No. 1.2m pipe culvert, rehabilitation of 70m of approaches NIMIYAMA to crossings and spot improvement of 0.1Km of critical sections along Sewafe - Madina Construction of 4No. 1.2m pipe culverts, rehabilitation GBENSE AND of 140m of approaches to crossings and spot KAMARA improvement of 0.3Km of critical sections along Yardu - Yeikuma Construction of 4No. 2.5m single box culverts, 2No. 6 KONO 1.2m pipe culverts, rehabilitation of 220m of SANDOR approaches to crossings and spot improvement of 0.28km 0f critical sections along Kayima - Feomangado. Construction of 1No. 2.5m double box culverts, 4No. 2.5m single box culverts, 9 No. 1.2m pipe culverts, NIMIYAMA AND 1No. 0.9m pipe culvert, rehabilitation of 540m of SANDOR approaches to crossings and spot improvement of 2.0Km of critical sections along Bambakunaya Junction - Kayima Construction of 1No. Bridge (8m), 1No. 2.5m double box culvert, 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, 1No. 1.2m LUAWA pipe culvert, rehabilitation of 210m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 3.2Km of critical sections along Borbu - Jorlu Construction of 3No. 2.5m double box culvert, 3No. 2.5m single box culverts, rehabilitation of 640m of 7 KAILAHUN KPEJE- WEST approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 6.0Km of critical sections along Mandu – Kpeje Baoma Construction of 2No. 2.5m double box culvert, 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, 1No. 1.2m single pipe culvert, LUAWA rehabilitation of 120m of approaches of crossings and maintenance/ rehabilitation of 6.85Km of critical sections along Mopama - Nyanyahun Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 36 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Construction of 2No. 2.5m double box culverts, 4No. 2.5m single box culverts, rehabilitation of 870m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 6.0Km of critical sections along for Kailahun - Baoma Construction of 1No. Bridge (9m), 2No. 2.5m single box culverts, 1No. 1.2m single pipe culvert, 5No. 0.9m single pipe culverts, rehabilitation of 680m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 3.0Km of critical sections along Ngiehun – Mende Bumer Construction of 1No. Bridge (10m), 1No. Bridge (8m), 2No. 2.5m single box culverts, 3No. 1.2m single pipe LUAWA culverts, rehabilitation of 720m of approaches of crossings and spot improvement of 10.2Km of critical sections along Bandajuma - Kosiala Construction of 1No. Bridge (15m), 3No. 2.5m single box culverts rehabilitation of 436m of approaches to SOGBENI crossings and spot improvement of 1.5Km of critical sections along Tihun - Gerehun Construction of 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, rehabilitation of 170m of approaches to crossings and spot improvement of 2.27Km of critical sections along Kanga - Nyandenhun Construction of 1No. 6m bridge (6m) 1No.2.5m double box culvert, 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, 8 BONTHE rehabilitation of 190m of approaches to crossings and spot improvement of 0.6Km of critical sections along BUM Manjama - Palewahun Construction of 1No. Bridge (7m), 2No. Single box, 1No. 1.2m pipe culvert, rehabilitation of 230m of approaches to crossings and spot improvement of 2.17Km of critical sections along Wolleh - Griema Construction of 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, rehabilitation of 60m of approaches to crossings and spot improvement of 2.24Km of critical sections along Wolleh - Mende Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 37 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Construction of 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, 1No. 2.5m double box culvert, 1No. 1.2m single pipe culvert, rehabilitation of 130m of approaches to crossings and spot improvement of 2.3Km of critical sections along Kpandebu - Tongoleh Construction of 1No. 2.5m single box culvert, rehabilitation of 140m of approaches to crossings and spot improvement of 3.56Km of critical sections along Sogbaleh - Bengeh 2.2.2 Feeder Road Design Standard Generally, the spot improvement intends to improve the condition of the feeder road network in order to: • Ensure an average commercial speed of 40 kmh; • Reduce routine and periodic maintenance cost; and • Reduce vehicle operating costs and contribute to economic growth. The existing horizontal alignments have been maintained and few corrections made near the existing bridges or when the road cross some villages. Minor realignments are however inevitable on the existing horizontal alignment at isolated sections where the radius fall short of the design requirements. The vertical alignment follows the existing natural ground in general with exceptions in the sections where the water crosses the roadway especially near the existing bridges. In those limited sections the consultant proposes to construct small embankments to raise the vertical profile elevation. The cross section consists at one carriageway with width between 6 and 7 m, no shoulder and two side drain, one on each side of the carriageway. The proposed project aims to widen the dual carriageway for 6-7 m. Table 3: Proposed Design Standards for Sierra Leone’s Rural Feeder Roads S/N Description Unit Value 1 Design Speed (both in settlement crossings and open Km/h 40 countryside) 2 Width of Roads 1) Main District Roads m 7.0 2) Secondary Roads m 6.0 3 Right of Way i. 3.0 m off either side of the carriage way in m 3.0 villages, ii. 5.0 m outside villages m 5.0 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 38 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4 Cross fall 1. Carriageway Normal Cross-fall % 6.0 2. Shoulder Normal Cross-fall % 8.0 5 Horizontal alignment design parameters in general follow the existing road Minimum horizontal curve radius m 20 6 Vertical alignment design parameters: alignment follow the existing natural gradient 2.2.3 Planned Activities for Proposed Feeder Roads Spot Improvement Activities The main activities associated with the selected feeder roads spot improvement works involves the construction/rehabilitation of bridges and culverts, the rehabilitation of the approaches to these structures (maximum distance of 80m on either approach); and also, rehabilitation/maintenance of the critical sections of carriageway pavement. The details on rehabilitation and maintenance activities are as follows: A. Maintenance Activities • Cambering: The road surface is usually shaped to fall away from the centre line to either side. The camber is necessary to shed rain water and reduce the risk of passing vehicles colliding. The slope of the camber is called the crossfall. On sharp bends the road surface should fall directly from the outside of the bend to the inside. • Shoulder balancing: This is paved or unpaved part of the highway next to the outer edge of the pavement. The shoulder provides side support for the pavement and allows vehicles to stop or pass in an emergency • Structural repairs of bridge components: Carry our routine structural repairs to some bridge components like wing walls, railings and abutments. • Drainage work: Interception and removal of ground water and surface water by artificial or natural means. • Construction of Mitre drain: leads water away from the side drains to the adjoining land. • Scour checks: Small checks in a ditch or drain to reduce water velocity and reduce the possibility of erosion. • Grubbing or clearing: This denotes the removal of trees, shrubs, stumps, and rubbish from a site, by means of transportation or utility corridor • De-silting: The act of clearing clogged materials or debris brought during erosion • Brushing: This is the act of clearing bush trees or vegetation off the edge of the side drains. It is normally 3m wide. It can either be heavily or lightly brushed depending on the shrubs or trees encountered. B. Rehabilitation activities • Rehabilitation of drainage work This intervention consists especially construction of the pipe culvert along the roads according to the recommendations of the SLRA at every 250 m. The three type of side drain are proposed in design review report: Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 39 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 1. rectangular in masonry at the crossing of important villages; 2. trapezoidal unlined; and 3. trapezoidal lined in masonry when the gradient is greater than 5%. Box culverts were also proposed at locations where the local hydrology dictates their use to provide effective drainage of the roadway. • Rehabilitation/construction of Bridges Project scope includes the construction of few small bridges across exiting waterways along some of the project roads that have rendered these roads impassable to vehicles during the rainy season. These bridges will be constructed in the respective locations identified in the design review report with abutments and slab in reinforced concrete. The design review report proposes the elevation of the existing bridges, to be raised at least one meter in areas where the existing pavement shows signs of erosion due to water overflow during the raining season. Selected draining material will be used for the construction of the embankment and if necessary, some pipe culvert will be added to facilitate the water flow crossing the road. • Rehabilitation of the pavement carriageway This consists of substantial filling of existing carriageway with suitable lateritic fill material, the excavation of rock outcrops, removal of marshy/swampy ground and replacement of the same with selected suitable lateritic fill material and filling of depressions and gullies at pre-identified sections along the project roads. 2.4 Analysis of Alternatives During the feasibility stage of the proposed feeder road spot improvement project, various options were explored and these options were weighed from all considerations such as cost, environmental and social ease of implementation and maximum utilization of available infrastructure. The aim of alternative analysis is to arrive at a development option, which maximizes the benefits while minimizing the adverse impacts. The two alternatives were considered “No Project Scenario� and “With Project Scenario�. More alternatives are presented along with management plan. 2.4.1 Without Project Alternative The ‘No Project’ Option is the least preferred from the socio-economic and partly environmental perspective due to the following factors: • The socio-economic status of the residents along the project road corridors would remain unchanged. Reduced interaction both at local and national levels; • The local skills would remain under-utilized as no employment opportunities will be created for local population who would have otherwise gained employment during the construction phase of the project; • Reduced business development due to current bad condition of the feeder roads; Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 40 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • The current erosion rate in the feeder road due to lack of drainage system will remain; • Transportation of agricultural goods will be difficult and expensive; and • Communities along the project roads will continue experiencing difficulties accessing farmlands, local health centers and schools during the rains from July to September due to cutoff’s cause by streams or river crossings. The “No Project� scenario case will also avoid social impacts due to the implementation of the project. 2.4.2 With Project Alternative The implementation of the project will contribute to socioeconomic improvement and will have positive impacts on the quality of life for residents. The ‘with project’ alternative has the following advantages: • There will be improved and assured reasonable transport facilities to the residents of the Districts. This will stimulate socioeconomic development of the area. • The proposed feeder roads are a major deterrent for commercial growth in the area, the project scenario will catalyze commercial growth in the different centres and there will be better business opportunities for locals. • There will also be savings in the vehicle operation cost (fuel, operation and maintenance) due to better feeder road condition. • Communities along the roadway will have better access to farmland, local health centres and schools during July to September. However, this alternative will have minor negative impacts on land use, forest/trees, noise and air pollution during construction and operation phases, which can be adequately mitigated. Another option will be the upgrading rural feeder roads to SLRA Class A standard is relatively quite expensive and not economically feasible. The average cost to upgrade a km of road section to Class A paved road is about USD $800,000 - $1,200,000. This is quite high compared to be about USD $20,000 – $25,000 to rehabilitate a kilometer of Feeder Road. Furthermore, upgrading to asphaltic standards has far more environmental challenges in comparison to those emanating from the proposed project activities The proposed project is thus the preferred alternative, as it provides quick and easy access for rural farmers to both local and regional markets; it is both technically feasible and affordable; and its design features does not significantly affect or permanently alter the local environment along these project roads corridors. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 41 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE CHAPTER THREE - LEGAL, POLICY AND ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENT 3.1 Introduction This chapter describes the relevant policies and strategies, legal instruments, institutional arrangement and international framework applicable to rehabilitation and/or construction of feeder road in districts of Sierra Leone. It summarizes the National Laws and describes the procedure for obtaining environmental permits to allow project implementation as well as International Environmental Framework (notable that of the World Bank). 3.2 The Road Transport Sector-Policy Guidelines The Road transport constitutes the main mode of transportation of goods and persons in Sierra Leone. It handles nearly all the domestic demand for transportation of travelers and for the transportation of goods. Sierra Leone’s road network consists of approximately 11,000 km of public road network of which: Approx. 8,000 km are classified in National Road System (NRS), and Approx. 3,000 km are classified as local networks and unclassified roads and tracks. Table 4: Sierra Leone Public Road Network (Source: Transport Sector Strategy Note March2007) Class Paved(km) Gravel/Earth(km) Total(km) A-Primary Routes 756 1384 2140 B-Secondary Routes (Gravel Roads) 24 1880 1940 F-Feeder Roads - 4152 4152 Urban Roads (Outside NRS) 35 1 36 Local Roads and Streets 80 2988 3068 Total Length of Roads 895 10405 11300 The Government of Sierra Leone Transport policy goals are: • Ease and increase physical access to market centers as well as social and economic services; • Ensure transport related revenue generating opportunities; • Lower transport cost to ensure affordability of transport; and • Increase efficiency in the delivery of transport services. The Government’s policy and priorities in the transport sector in relation to the PRSP are: • Improve physical access to rural and riverside communities and markets; • Improve truck and feeder roads system and costal and river transport network to sustainable level; • Ensure access to affordable basic transportation services for the movement of persons, goods, and services. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 42 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE The main handicap of the transport sector is insufficient funding both internally and externally for the rehabilitation of degraded infrastructure and the renewal of rolling stock and handling equipment. The improvement of the physical infrastructure (including roads) is key to success of other sectors, including delivery of the social services. This is particularly valid in Sierra Leone, as other forms of transportation e.g. air transport, railways, etc. are non-existent. There are a couple of airstrips in some of the regions but they are not being used at the moment. The road transport constitutes thus the main mode of transportation of goods and persons. The Sierra Leone Roads Authority (SLRA) has the responsibility for road building and upgrading. It is semi-autonomously responsible for the administrative control, planning, development and maintenance of all roads in the country. It receives most of its funds for road maintenance from the Road Maintenance Fund Administration (RMFA). It reports administratively to the Ministry of Works, which is responsible for submitting the Authorities annual budget for parliamentary approval. SLRA contracts some 70% of all maintenance works to the private sector. It appears that poor feeder and truck roads system is a development problem in all chiefdoms all over the country. The Sierra Leone Roads Authority/Mechanical Services Unit is one of the key players in this respect. 3.3 Regulatory Aspects The EPA Acts of 2008 sets out the requirement for environmental assessment in Sierra Leone. This states that an environmental clearance (EC) is required for specified activities/projects, and this must be obtained before any construction work or land preparation (except land acquisition) commences. Projects are categorized as A, B and C depending on the scale of the project and the nature of its anticipated environmental impacts. All development Projects are being screened in the earliest stages of their preparation to ensure compliance with the Environment Protection Agency policy of Sierra Leone and ascertain whether other safeguard policies are triggered. The projects are being screened not only for their direct impacts but also for indirect and cumulative impacts. Based on the screening, project is assigned a category A, B or C. Category A will be assigned to projects with anticipated significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse or unprecedented. For these projects, full EA (ESHIA, according to Sierra Leonean law) will be required. Category A projects requires an EC from EPA-SL. The proponent is required to send Form I giving preliminary details of the project, after which an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of the EPA prepares comprehensive Terms of Reference (ToR) for the EIA study, which are finalized within 60 days. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, EPA considers the recommendation of the EAC and provides the EC, if appropriate. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 43 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Category B will be assigned to projects with anticipated specific adverse environmental impacts that are less adverse than in category A. For these projects, an Environmental Analysis limited to the specific environmental impacts of the sub-project will be required. Category B projects require an EC from the Environmental Protection Agency- Sierra Leone (EPA-SL). The EPA-SL categorizes the project as either B1 (requiring EIA study) or B2 (not requiring EIA study), and prepares TOR for B1 projects within 60 days. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, the EPA-SL issues the EC based on the EAC recommendation. The Notification also provides that any project or activity classified as category B will be treated as category A if it is located in whole or in part within 10km of the boundary of protected areas, notified areas or inter- state or international boundaries Category C will be assigned to projects with anticipated minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. For this project, no further environmental review beyond environmental and social screening will be required. However, it is mandatory that such projects prepare an Environmental and social management plan which is to be implemented during construction phase. Policies, Regulations and Guidelines Legislation governing environmental issues are found as Acts and regulations of the various government line ministries or institutions. Such legislation includes: • The Environmental Protection Act-2008 and the Environmental Protection Agency (Amendment) Act, 2010; • The Land Policy, 2005; • The Local Government Act, 2004; • The Sierra Leone Roads Authority Act, 1992 and its 2010 Amendment; • The Forestry Act-1989; • Forestry Regulations-1989; • The Factories Act-1974; These documents are available locally, and can be obtained from the institutions to which the Acts refer, for consultation by potential users of the land, whose activities may have an effect on the environment. 3.4 The Environmental Protection Act-2008 and the Environmental Protection Agency (Amendment) Act, 2010 The Act, which established the Environmental Protection Agency, was signed as a legal document in September 2008 and amended in July 2010. Following the enactment of this Act, a National Environmental Protection Board was established within the Agency. The purpose of the board is to facilitate coordination, cooperation and collaboration amongst government ministries and agencies, local authorities and international development partners, in all areas relating to environmental protection in Sierra Leone. The Agency, subject to the Act, also coordinates Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 44 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE environmentally related activities and acts as the focal point of national and international environmental matters, relating to Sierra Leone. In compliance with the first schedule of the EPA Act, 2008 an EIA is required to contain a true statement and description of the following: • Location of the project and its surroundings; • Principle, concept, purpose of the project; • Description of the possible impacts on the ecosystem and its locality; • Direct or indirect effects of the project is likely to have on the environment; • Social, economic and cultural effects that the project is likely to have on people and society; • Consultation with the communities, interested parties, and Government Ministries; • Actions or measures taken to avoid, prevent, change, mitigate, or remedy the likely effect on people and society; • Any alternatives to the project; • Natural resources and the localities to be used in the project; • Other information for the proper review of the potential environmental impact of the project; The second schedule of this Act, gives several factors for determining whether a project under consideration requires an EIA studies. The schedule listed the following factors: • The impact on the community; • The location of the project; • Whether the project transforms the locality; • Whether the project has, or is likely to have, a substantial impact on the ecosystem; • Whether the project results in the diminution of the aesthetic, recreational, scientific, historical, cultural, or other relevant environmental quality of the locality; • Whether the project endangers any species of flora or fauna or the habitat of the flora and fauna of the locality; • The scale of the project; • The extent of degradation of the environment; • Whether the project will result in an increased demand for natural resources in the locality; • The cumulative effect of the project together with other activities or projects on the environment; • The contents of the EIA; Upon submission of the proponent’s EIA report, the Executive Chairperson of the Environmental Agency together with the board members will solicit comments on the ESHIA report from professional associations, government ministries, non-governmental organizations and the general public. Following a two-week public comment period, the Executive Chairperson will submit the ESHIA report and the various comments to the Board. The Board upon reviewing the report and Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 45 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE the comments may provide recommendations for issuance of license with terms and conditions that require additional information to further assess environmental impact, and/or disprove the EIA report in cases where the proposed alternatives are expected to have significant adverse effects on the environment, individuals and communities. EIA licenses are normally paid for and license issued for a period of one year or such a time as specified by the Executive Chairperson. Once the license is issued for a particular development project, the Agency assumes responsibility for monitoring the project and its environmental impacts to verify compliance with the terms and stipulations of the license. Levy fee is paid if the terms and conditions of the license are not in compliance with the ACT or where there are substantial changes in operations resulting in adverse effect on the environment and social wellbeing of the project affected person(s). Upon expiration of the license, the Executive Chairperson has the authority to renew or revoke the license. 3.5 The Land Policy, 2005 As provided in the Constitution, the 2005 National Land Policy also provides for the compulsory acquisition of land in the public interest. The principles of the land policy include among others: The principle of land as a common national or communal property resource held in trust for the people and which must be used in the long-term interest of the people of Sierra Leone. Such principle only holds where it does not violate existing rights of private ownership. Compensation to be paid for lands acquired through compulsory Government acquisition will be fair and adequate and will be determined, among other things, through negotiations that take into consideration government investment in the area. Local Authority Assemblies, (District and Town Council), may negotiate for land for development purpose and concessionary prices or as gift, but all such grants should be properly documented and processed. No interest in or right over any land belonging to an individual or family can be disposed of without consultation with the owner or occupier of the land. No interest in or right over any land belonging to an individual or family can be compulsorily acquired without payment, in reasonable time, of fair and adequate compensation. 3.6 The Local Government Act, 2004 The Act establishes the local council as the highest political authority in the locality and who shall have legislative and executive powers to be exercised in accordance with this Act. This Act in its First Schedule under section 2 establishes the localities namely: Districts, Towns, and Cities. The part II of this schedule also establishes the number of Paramount Chiefs in each local council. The Third Schedule establishes the functions devolved to the local councils. The Fourth and Fifth Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 46 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Schedules establish departments under each local council, and Valuation list and Rate Books respectively. 3.7 The Sierra Leone Roads Authority Act, 1992 and its 2010 Amendment The act, which set up the Sierra Leone Roads Authority (SLRA) was signed into law in 1992 and amended in 2010. The objective for which the Authority was established is the control, development, maintenance, efficient planning and reliable management of the national road network to provide safe, reliable and sustainable means of transport. The act also gave the authority the following mandate: • Develop a national policy on the maintenance, rehabilitation, improvement and management of the national road network and exercise control over its implementation; • Develop strategies, programs and projects for roads forming part of the national road network and road infrastructure facilities; • Develop technical instructions and standards on roads forming part of the national road network; • Commission engineering, traffic and economic studies for the maintenance, safety and improvement of the national road network; • Commission location and design studies and preparation of construction plans, specifications, cost estimates and other documents. 3.8 The Forestry Act-1989 This Act came into operation on 1st July 1988 and the chief conservator of Forestry, with the directives of the minister, is responsible for the implementation of its regulations. He therefore has the role of preserving the forest environment, promoting the practice of forestry in all use of forestland, to ensure sustainability of forest products, and the protection of the soil and water resources that constitute the environment. 3.9 Forestry Rugulation-1989 These regulations are deemed to have come into force on the 1st July 1990. The chief conservator holds the same responsibilities as he does for the Act of 1988 being the head of Forestry Division. Generally, community forests are managed by the Forest Division or by agreement with the Division; it could be managed by the local government, or Community Forest Association. Based on this responsibility of the Division, no protected forest shall be tampered with in any way as is stated in section 21, subsection (2) of the forestry Act- 1988, without written permission from the chief conservator of the forest. In section 15 of the forestry Regulations 1989, subsection (1) it is states that a license may be issued by an inspector of the forestry division authorizing the holder of a lease, to clear land in a classified forest. However, having acquired his license, deforestation or vegetation removal from the environment, can only be affected by the relevant company, organization or semi/public body under certain conditions. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 47 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE These conditions are found under section 15, subsection 3 and are highlighted below. • Removal of vegetation can be done only within an area licensed for this purpose. • The specified land areas shall be cleared within a stated time, but trees requested not to be felled, removed or damaged, are to be left standing. • Trees to be felled shall be identified, except where total felling is authorized. • A forest severance fee and a minor forest produce that is merchantable, which may be removed by clearance of vegetation. • At the completion of the operation, the area shall be replanted with approved crops or trees by the relevant company, organization or semi/public body, or provision made for this to be done by payment of the estimated reforestation cost. • Required method of cultivation and sericulture, specified by the chief conservator, must be employed. As a method of environmental protection, it is stated in section 38 of part XI, that no land between the high and low water marks, nor those above the high-water mark on both sides of the bank of any waterway, covering a distance of one hundred feet (approx...33m), shall be cleared of any vegetation expect permitted by a clearance license. For roads projects there is the possibility for the acquisition of the “Right of Way� covering the same distance. Some of the Government counterpart funding is being used for this purpose and also for payment of compensation to affected property owners, etc. Sacred bushes are protected by the stipulated regulations of section 40, whereby clearance of vegetation from land designated as sacred bush, is prohibited expect by clearance authority from the Chief conservator. In taking cognizance of conserving the environment, the Act has ruled in the section 17, that any one permitted to fell timber is liable to paying a reforestation fee. The fee is based on the quality of timber felled or extracted, and the rate is to be prescribed by the Minister. The fee, which is to be paid to the chief conservator, will be paid into a reforestation fund established under the Act. However, at the end of any operation, if the entity embarks on reforestation, and satisfies the chief conservator, then the fee previously paid for reforestation, will be refunded. 3.10 The Factories Act-1974 The Factories Act of 1974 addresses workers’ health and safety issues associated with factories. According to several sections of the Act, some portions of the construction process may fall within the definition of factory. The Factories Act also details provisions for machine safety, safe working conditions, sanitary facilities, periodic inspections, factory registration, and guidelines for reporting injuries, accidents and industrial diseases. Regulations pertinent to fuel stations operations include: • All workers employed must be age 18 and above; Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 48 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Companies must register with the Chief Inspector within six months of operation; • The use of mechanical power and machines must be registered one month prior to use. Part V of this Act deals with safety, security and welfare of employees whilst Part VIII deals with offences, penalties and legal proceedings. 3.11 Cultural Heritage Issues The National Environmental Policy (1994) provides for the collection of relevant data on biological diversity and cultural heritage. It seeks to promote socio-economic and cultural development through the preservation of biological diversity for the sustainable utilization of natural resources. There are references to the preservation and/or respectful removal (taking into consideration cultural sensitivities) of “society bushes� for large-scale agribusiness and other purposes in various regulations. 3.12 International Conventions / Guidelines recognized by Sierra Leone 3.12.1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Sierra Leone ratified this convention on 22nd June, 1995. The objective of this convention is to regulate levels of greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere, so as to avoid the occurrence of climate change on a level that would impede sustainable economic development, or compromise initiatives in food production. The Parties are required to protect the climate system for present and future generations. Developing countries should be accorded appropriate assistance to enable them to fulfill the terms of the Convention. The Parties should work in cooperation, so as to obtain maximum benefit from initiatives in the control of the climate systems; The Parties are to prepare national inventories on greenhouse gas emissions, and on actions taken to remove them; formulate and implement programs for the control of climate change; undertake cooperation in technology for the control of change in the climate system; incorporate suitable policies for the control of climate change in national plans; undertake education and training policies that will enhance public awareness in relation to climate change. The developed country Parties (and other Parties listed commit themselves to take special measures to limit their anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, and to enhance the capacity of their sinks and reservoirs for the stabilization of such gases. 3.12.2 Ramsar Convention The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar) was signed by Sierra Leone on December 13, 1999, and went into effect on April 13, 2000. Signatory countries to the convention agree to: • Include c o n s e r v a t i o n o f w e t l a n d s i n l a n d u s e p l a n n i n g t h r o u g h o u t t h e country, including the promotion of “wise use� of wetlands; • Establish nature reserves within wetland areas; • Promote training in the fields of research, management, and gardening; and Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 49 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Consult with other signatory countries about implementation of the convention especially in areas of shared wetlands, shared water systems, and shared species. As required by Ramsar, Sierra Leone identified and listed one wetland site for inclusion on the Ramsar wetland list. This non-contiguous wetland is located along the Sierra Leone River Estuary, near Freetown. The three areas making up the wetland have a combined area of approximately 295,000 hectares (ha) and include mangrove swamps and upland coastal plains. The mangrove swamp included in this wetland makes up approximately 19% of all the mangrove swamp in Sierra Leone. 3.12.3 World Bank Safeguards Policies The World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 requires that the Environmental and Social Assessment report must be a standalone document to meet the Bank appraisal procedures for the project. The disclosure should be in Sierra Leone where both the general public and local communities can access it. In accordance with the World Bank Safeguard operational policies and procedures, the proposed SCADeP has been classified as Environmental Assessment (EA) risk category B. The World Bank categorized SCADeP as B implying that the expected environmental impacts are largely site-specific, few if any of the impacts are irreversible, and mitigation measures can be easily designed. The environmental assessment for a Category B project, • Examines the project’s potential negative and positive environmental impacts, • Recommends measures to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts, and • Recommends measures to improve environmental performance The Bank’s safeguard policies are designed to help ensure that programs proposed for financing are environmentally and socially sustainable, and thus improve decision-making. This sub-project of the SCADeP project triggers the following five safeguard policies: a) Environmental Assessment – (OP/BP 4.01) require environmental assessment of projects proposed that are deemed to have potential adverse impacts upon the environment to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable. Environmental Assessment is one of the 10 environmental, social, and legal Safeguard Policies of the World Bank. World Bank Environment and Social Safeguard Policy aims at improving decision making, to ensure that project options under consideration are sound and sustainable, and that potentially affected people have been properly consulted. Operational Policy 4.01 further requires that the ESIA/ESMP report must be disclosed as a separate and standalone document by the GoSL and the World Bank as a condition for Bank appraisal of this project. b) Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) - This policy aims at the conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and enhance the environment. Natural Habitats are land and water areas where the ecosystems’ biological communities are formed largely by native plant and animal Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 50 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE species, and human activity has not essentially modified the areas primary ecological functions. The policy is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank therefore supports the protection, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats. c) Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) - The Bank operational policy on safeguarding cultural properties aims at protecting cultural assets and knowledge of communities in bank financed project areas. Safeguarding cultural property policy requires the determination of what is known about the cultural aspects of the proposed project site. The policy calls for consultation involving all parties including scientific institutions and NGOs as part of this process. The policy defines cultural property as sites having archaeological, paleontological, historical, religious and unique natural value. These sites, when stumbled upon, require that the authorities are informed and the site is demarcated and protected. Physical, Cultural heritage resources may get affected due to road works, located in the influence area. Graves and societal forests could be located in the right of way. d) Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) - This policy covers direct economic and social impacts that both result from Bank-assisted investment projects, and are caused by; involuntary taking of land resulting in relocation or loss of shelter; loss of assets or access to assets, or loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location. An RPF was prepared for the project to adreses the requirements of OP 4.12. e) Forest (OP/BP 4.36) – This policy deals with the management, conservation, and sustainable development of forest ecosystems and their associated resources that are essential for lasting poverty reduction and sustainable development, whether located in countries with abundant forests or in those with depleted or naturally limited forest resources. The objective of this policy is to assist countries to harness the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable manner, integrate forests effectively into sustainable economic development, and protect the vital local and global environmental services and values of forests. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 51 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE CHAPTER FOUR - DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Introduction The aim of the ESHIA study is to determine the baseline environmental conditions as they exist at the various project sites pre-construction and to assess the likely impacts (negative and positive) that will result from the project activities during its various phases. This chapter provides general district level information on the eight (8) districts that will benefit from the project and also provides information that is specific to the various project roads. It must be noted however, that this is a spot improvement project and construction activities will focus on the key spots that serve as hindrance to the functionality of the road. This will mainly be the crossing points, their approaches and other critical sections that were identified during the initial and detailed engineering assessment studies. The baseline environmental data was collected based on a scoping matrix that was developed to identify the aspects likely to be impacted by the activities of the proposed project and presented in Table 7. In order to review and update these aspects, data has been collected, compiled and analyzed for the following: - Land Environment (land use, geology and soils); - Water Environment (precipitation, hydrology and drainage); - Air Environment (meteorology and air quality); - Noise Environment (noise levels); - Ecological Environment (flora and fauna); - Socio-Economic Environment (demography, livelihood, land holding, income, socio- economic, etc.) and - Physical Cultural Resources The information presented in this chapter has been collected from various sources. Majority of data have been collected from field visits and desk research and previous reports prepared by Consultants working on road projects in the various districts. Formal and informal discussions were held with the local people, project affected people and local government/non-government organizations and published reports, which have provided very useful information for preparation of this chapter. Information on project facilities, size, and magnitude of activities, geology and soils of the project sites have been taken from various feasibility studies of road projects in these districts. The baseline data used in the preparation of this report was based on field visits carried Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 52 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE out between June 2018 and December 2018. They complemented those previously collected from other sources Stakeholder consultations were undertaken to determine the additional data required for the evaluation of the baseline conditions and potential impacts of the project. Following the stakeholder consultations, a field survey was undertaken with the purpose of obtaining an overview of the entire study area that would further complement the information gathered during the consultative meetings. Environmental baseline conditions studied include: topography, climate, drainage, geology, water resources, flora, fauna, and socio-economic data including demography, health and sanitation, education, water supply, agricultural practices and land tenure The concept is to assess the extent the planning, construction and operation of the proposed feeder road project is likely to have impact on the above environmental attributes. A baseline environmental condition comprises the features present at the crossing points and within the proposed carriage way along critical sections that will be rehabilitated as well as a strip of 2-4 m on sides of the existing road. This area is referred to as right of way in the report. It includes environmental features such as forest areas, ecologically sensitive areas, water bodies (rivers, marshy and ponds), cultural properties, industries, and places of historical importance, tourism etc. Table 5: Scoping matrix Project Cycle Phase Likely Impacts Baseline Data Review/Collection LAND ENVIRONMENT Planning and Design Phase Change of Land Use Present Land use Construction Phase Increase in Soil Erosion Soil Characteristics Pollution by Construction Spoils, Solid Waste and Rainfall Muck Disposal. Solid Physiographic/Slopes Waste and Sewage Disposal from Labour Construction material /spoils Camps Number of Employees during construction peak period B. WATER ENVIRONMENT Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 53 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Planning and Design Phase Erosion of soils/Roads Drainage Pattern Rainfall Construction Phase Water Pollution due to Rainfall/Storms Water Disposal of Wastes from Courses/Drainage Water labour Colonies and Quality Waste water Construction sites treatment Water and Energy Demands Waste water treatment and disposal from labour camps. Operation Phase Water Pollution Run off Drainage Problems C. AIR ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase Impacts due to emissions Ambient Air Quality generated by Construction machinery Fugitive Emissions from Various Sources. Operation Phase Exhaust Emission due to Ambient Air Quality Road Operation D. NOISE ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase Impacts due to Ambient Noise Quality at construction machinery different Locations vehicle Noise Operation Phase Noise due to Road Ambient Noise Quality at Operation different Locations Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 54 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE E. ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Planning and Design Phase Loss of Forest/Trees Forest area / tree Numbers Wildlife Species and Conservation area Construction Phase Loss of Forest/Trees Forest area/ tree Numbers Migration of Fauna Faunal Species Operation Phase Loss of Forest/Wild life/ Flora and Fauna Trees F. PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES Construction Phase Relocation of Status of Infrastructure Infrastructure Impact on Status of Cultural Resources Cultural Resources Operation Phase Impact on schools, Values of environmental hospitals etc. attributes at sensitive locations G. Socio-Economic Environment Planning and Design Phase Loss of land, houses, Land, houses, livelihood data livelihood, job etc Construction Phase Loss of land, houses, Land, houses, livelihood data livelihood, job potential Operation Phase Livelihood Socio-economic status H. Loss of Infrastructure Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 55 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Planning Phase Removal of Water supply, Identification of Facilities on Electric Pole facilities Road side likely to be from Road side affected Construction Phase Removal of Water supply, Identification of Facilities on Electric Pole facilities Road side likely to be from Road side affected 4.2 Study Area The primary baseline data has been collected along the existing carriageway, within the right of way of 9-10 m or 4.5-5 m on either side from centerline of the existing carriageway. The project influence area has been defined as 15 m on either side (Arial distance) from center of road for collection of secondary data, including impacts due to ancillary sites like borrow areas, quarry, and material storage and disposal areas. For this spot improvement the critical areas in terms of impact assessment will be the crossing points and critical sections like marshy sections that will be the focus of construction activities. It should therefore be noted that construction activities will not occur along the entire stretch of the existing road alignment. Summary of Socio-Economic and Bio-Physical Environmental Baseline Conditions 4.3 Western Area Rural District Roads ROAD NAMES I. Newton – Robis II. Mayeimi Bana - Songo junction 4.3.1 Topography and Physiology The project roads lie in close proximity to each other in Koya Chiefdom. This project roads are relatively flat with few sections of gently undulating topography. The peaks of the distant hills of the mountain range of the Freetown peninsula are clearly visible from various points along the road alignment. The topography of the roads is typical of the Freetown peninsula with the terrain flowing down from the hills of the Freetown peninsula to the relative lowlands that straddles the middle ground between the creeks/mangrove swamps that empty into the Atlantic Ocean. The project roads lie to the southwest of the Freetown – Masiaka highway with the mountain range of the Freetown peninsula lying on the northeast. Mayeimi Bana - Songo junction feeder road transverses two inland valley swamps along which box culverts have been proposed to be constructed as part of the spot improvement project. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 56 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.3.2 Hydrology and Drainage Five main rivers flow from northeast to southwest across Sierra Leone: The Little Scarcies, Rokel, Jong, Sewa and Moa rivers. In addition, there are six smaller drainage basins: The Great Scarcies, Lokko, Rokel Estuary, Western, Robbi/Thauka and Sherbro Water Resources Areas. River runoff is highly seasonal, reflecting the seasonal distribution of rainfall. In the Rokel river, discharge increases from May, peaks in September and decreases to near-zero by March. The western area rural district has no major river system instead drainage patterns follow the topograpghic features of the land as water flows down from the relative heights of the Freetown mountain range into the the various inland valley swamps and onwards to the mangrove swamps that then empties into the atlantic ocean. The project roads are poorly drained and the roads lack any proper drainage structures with the inland valley swamps flooding during the peak of the rains. 4.3.3 Water Sources The Western Area Rural District is blessed with an abundance of fresh water streams flowing downwards towards the Atlantic Ocean from the mountain range of the Freetown peninsula but these are not being adequately harvested for the benefit of the communities that constitute the district. Pipe borne water is absent in along the roads and communities mostly rely on shallow hand dug wells for their domestic water use. Newton – Robis feeder road- the communities along this road get their domestic water supply from boreholes and shallow hand dug wells, the boreholes have hand pumps installed to bring the water to the surface. There are no streams or swamps along the road alignment or in its area of influence. Mayeimi Bana - Songo junction feeder road- there is a single borehole at Mayeimi Bama and it tends to dry up during the peak of the dries (February-April) and it is also inadequate to supply to the whole community. To supplement this, the water from the two inland valley swamps are used for domestic purposes such as processing of palm oil, laundry and for drinking purposes. 4.3.5 Geology The Project Site is located within the Freetown Igneous Complex located on the Western Coast of Sierra Leone. The Freetown Layered Complex isa is a rift-related tholeiitic intrusion associated with the Jurassic (∼193 Ma) opening of the Atlantic Ocean at midlatitude. The complex is ∼ 60 km long, 14 km wide, and 7 km thick along a major E-W traverse extending from Waterloo to York. Gravity data and dips of laminations in the layered rocks suggest that the intrusive complex is lopolithic in shape, with some parts presently being submarine. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 57 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE The prevailing local geology at the respective slope and detention ponds is underlain by weathering deposits comprising a mixture of gravels, clays and sands. The various layers are irregular in shape, thinning and thickening, and interfingering at random with a maximum thickness of up to about 4m. This formation overlies weathered lateritic hardpan. The Archean rocks of Sierra Leone consist of a granitic basement containing elements of early sedimentary and mafic formations and a group of supracrustal greenstone belts with banded ironstone and detrital sediments. These are mineralized with gold, chromite, tin, copper, nickel, antimony, arsenic, and iron ores and are intruded by molybdenum-bearing granites. Lateritic weathering and alluviation has led to economic concentrations of diamonds, bauxite, and lateritic iron ores and to heavy mineral concentrates, particularly rutile. Prospects for lateritic nickel deposits appear to be good. Little exploration has been carried out in the poorly exposed Rokel River Group of late Proterozoic age. This formation and also the Ordovician Saoinya Scarp Group contain glacial sediments in their lower horizons. The Triassic-Lower Jurassic Freetown Layered Basic Complex lies upon the continental margin and was formed by successive pulses of basic magma which formed a rhythmic sequence of troctolite, gabbro, and anorthosite which in some cases ended with an iron-enriched ilmenite-magnetite horizon and acid veining. Some alluvial platinum has been won from this complex, but the source rock has not yet been identified. Kimberlite dikes were emplaced in the Cretaceous period and have been the sources of the country's diamond mining industry. The Tertiary and Pleistocene sediments are known to contain horizons carrying lignite and ceramic clays and may also contain exploitable concentrations of other minerals. 4.3.6 Biodiversity Newton – Robis feeder road- the project road is characterized by human activities, including settlement, limited agriculture activities and some livestock keeping mainly in the form of sheep, goats and chicken. The most common biological features include agricultural plants (predominantly subsistence farming), oil palm plantations, food crops (maize, cassava and cowpeas) Cash crops (coconuts and cashew nuts). The area of influence of the project is devoid of forest cover and the vegetation along the road is primarily composed of grasses, shrubs and scattered naturally occurring palm trees. Rodents like squirrel, rats and reptiles like lizards and snakes are also present in the area. Bird species include wild pigeons, bush fowls and egrets. Mayeimi Bana - Songo junction feeder road- the project road is characterized by human activities, including settlement and limited agricultural activities. The agricultural activities mainly focusing on the cultivation of palm trees for palm oil production, the keeping of sheep, goats and chickens. The area around the inland swamps are rich in bamboo trees and fresh water fishes including cat fish, Tilapia Zilli and water snakes. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 58 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE The area of influence of the project is devoid of forest cover and the vegetation along the road is primarily composed of grasses, shrubs, scattered naturally occurring palm trees and bamboo trees along the inland valley swamps. Rodents like squirrel, rats, and reptiles like lizards and snakes are also present in the area. 4.3.7 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Level The project sites are at a safe distance from the closest commercial center which is Waterloo. There is absence or minimal pollutants in the air and the ambient air is relatively clean. It is expected that at the construction stage of the project, dust emission from the construction related works may spoil the ambient air quality but slightly and temporary. The noise levels are also very low as can be expected of rural settlements that are devoid of markets. The project activities are expected to increase noise levels and affect air quality especially during the construction phase of the project due to the operation of heavy-duty equipment and increased level of dust pollution. 4.3.8 Climatic Condition In Sierra Leone the following climate patterns exist: tropical, hot, humid with a rainy season (May to October) and dry season (November to April). The climate of the project Area (PA) consists of a distinct dry season from about November ending to April and a wet season extending from about May to October with slight annual variations. It is characterized by the equatorial climate. The mean monthly temperature ranges from 25oc to 27oc. The most important single climatic element is rainfall, with single maximum. The month of December could be particularly cold at night depending on the severity of the North East Winds locally referred to as the harmattan winds. 4.3.9 Socio-economic Baseline Data As is the case with most rural settlements, the vast majority of the inhabitants in the project area are subsistence farmers mostly engaged in the cultivation of vegetables, rice and palm fruit for palm oil production. The settlements in the area of influence of the project and along the road alignment are clustered unplanned settlements. Toilet facilities are very basic with some houses and schools having pit latrines. Those who cannot afford to construct a pit latrine use the communal bushes as toilets. 4.3.9.1 Cultural sites In rural areas of Sierra Leone communities tend to have cultural heritage sites (bushes and cemeteries) which are used to train young men and women on the useful skills they will require to function as adults in their society/community. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 59 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE However, the cultural heritage sites in the communities situated along the road alignment of Newton – Robis feeder road and Mayeimi Bana - Songo junction feeder road are not in the area of influence of the project. Hence, they will not be affected by project activities. 4.3.8.2 Education There are two primary schools along the road alignment one along each of the roads. There is also a senior secondary school at Newton and at Songo. The school at Newton has a borehole with a hand pump installed, whereas the school at Mayeimi Bama relies on water collected from the nearby swamp. 4.3.8.3 Health There is a health center at Newton and Songo Junction that cater for the resident living in the project area. The project area has three most prevalent diseases namely malaria, typhoid and diarrhea, this can primarily be attributed to mosquito bites and the drinking of water from unsafe sources. 4.3.8.4 Energy The vast majority of the residents in the project area lack access to electricity, they have to make use of local kiosks “tele centers� to recharge mobile phone batteries. For domestic use they mainly rely on firewood and charcoal to prepare meals and for local palm oil production. Battery-powered LED torchlights are also widely used to provide light at night allowing children to study and write their homework. 4.4 Port Loko District Road Names I. Rogberay Junction - Komrabai II. Gbomtrait - Makasi III. Kambia Makama - Madeh IV. Malai Soko - Royama V. Mafoimarah - Mateikoh VI. Lungi – Gbaneh, Thullah Street – Kamem Wharf VII. Masimera – Mabankra - Mayolla VIII. Magbain – Fedugu IX. Rogberay Junction - Komrabai X. Maforay-Makaiba XI. Masorie - Mamalikie Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 60 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.4.1 Topography and Physiology Port Loko borders the Western Area to the west, Kambia district to the North, Bombali district to the East and Tonkolili district to the South. The project roads transverse relatively flat terrain with few sections of moderate undulation mostly around inland valley swamps. 4.4.2 Hydrology and drainage The Northern region of Sierra Leone receives rainfall of about 3,000 mm per annum. The mean annual rainfall in the area varies from 2,500mm -3,000mm and the months of heavy rains are usually July, august and September. It was observed however that this varies considerably (even within districts from township to township) and that it sometimes rains quite intensively for about six months in the year. When it rains, particles of rock and soil are entrained and deposited elsewhere causing significant erosion at times on the road (during the second survey work, some of this was observed in certain locations) the volume of sediment transported shows the intensity and duration of rainfall as well as the slope of the land. There is a considerable amount of deforestation along the roads as forest is being removed for agricultural process and fuel wood. The presence of forest or vegetation cover even on lowlands is vital for an efficient hydrological system. Care should be taken for removal of any form of vegetation. Moisture retention capability of soils (particularly forest soils) is greatly reduced as a result of vegetation removal resulting in dehydration and erosion of topsoil. This can lead to a change of the hydrological cycle resulting in intensive rainfall and flash floods at certain times of the year. All these activities have negative impacts on the watershed. In due course, they may alter the shape of the watershed if not mitigated against as early as possible. There are several seasonal (rain-filled) streams and in-land valley swamps which usually lasts for short periods after the rains stops. Some of these streams serve several domestic and agricultural purposes. As indicated earlier, drainage problem is a key aspect along practically the entire road section. It is most severe in the low-lying areas the drainage problem in the PA is exacerbated due to clogging of the existing culverts. The project roads are poorly drained and drainage structures are mostly absent. The drainage patterns generally follow the natural topography and emties into the various inland valley swamps that are found along the project roads. 4.4.3 Water sources The vast majority of the communities/villages along the project road corridor rely on seasonal streams, inland valley swamps and shallow hand dug wells. Water from these unsafe sources leave the residents prone to various waterborne diseases. Rogberay, Kambia Makama, Lungi Gbaneh, Thullah Street, Kamem Wharf, Masimera and Mayolla have one or more boreholes that serve as a source of portable water for the people residing Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 61 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE in these villages. Some of these boreholes have solar panels that power the submersible pumps to send water to the water towers adjacent to the boreholes. 4.4.4 Geology Most of Sierra Leone is underlain by rocks of Precambrian age (Archaean and Proterozoic) with a coastal strip about 50 km in width comprising marine and estuarine sediments of Tertiary and Quaternary to Recent age. The Precambrian (mainly Archaean) outcrops cover about 75% of the country and typically comprise granite-greenstone terrain. It represents parts of an ancient continental nucleus located on the edge of the West African Craton. The Archaean basement can be subdivided into infracrustal rocks (gneisses and granitoids); supracrustal rocks (containing greenstone belts); and basic and ultrabasic igneous intrusions. The Leonean orogenic episode commenced with the intrusion of a basic igneous suite (the Pre- Leonean amphibolites) and by the formation of a greenstone belt represented by the Loko Group which is now deeply eroded. The Loko Group comprises amphibolites, sillimanite quartzites and ironstones. It appears to have formed on a gneiss/granitoid basement in which several granitoid bodies related to an earlier plutonic-orogenic episode, have been distinguished mainly in the northern part of the country. Only the main deformational phase of the Leonean orogenic episode, which resulted in folds and fabrics trending east-west, has been distinguished. Minor gold and cassiterite mineralization associated with portions of the Loko Group is probably related to a late Leonean granitisation event which accompanied the formation of major shear zones in the craton. Other volcano-sedimentary sequences are preserved within the granites, gneisses and migmatites. Highly folded greenstone belts predominate in north and central Sierra Leone. 4.4.5 Biodiversity Rogberay Junction – Komrabai feeder road – the biodiversity observed along the road alignment and the area of influence of the project is consistent with an area of extensive human activity due to slash and burn agricultural practices. The fauna identified within the environs of the alignments include mammals such as squirrels, grass cutters (cane rat) and rats. The fauna includes mainly grasses, shrubs and naturally occurring palm trees. Gbomtrait – Makasi feeder roads- the vegetation along the project corridor is mainly savanna grasses with isolated trees, the area has been severely affected by the logging of trees for timber and also slash and burn agriculture. This has had a serious impact on the biodiversity in the project area. The flora is primarily composed of grasses and shrubs and the fauna consist of squirrels, rats and reptiles like lizards and snakes. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 62 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Kambia Makama – Madeh – the effect of human activities along this road is evident as there are visible sign of agricultural activities. The agricultural activities include cultivation of economic trees like cassava and palm trees. The area of influence of the project has no forest cover and the vegetation along the road is primarily composed of very tall trees, shrubs and grasses. Rodents like squirrel, rats and reptiles like lizards and snakes are the dominant species in the area. Malai Soko – Royama – the flora along the road corridor primarily consist of wild palm trees, raffia palm and grasses. There are some palm tree plantations in the project area but these will not be affected by project activities. The area is a peri-urban to rural settlement and as such the biodiversity is very limited in scope. The fauna is mainly squirrels, grass cutters, tilapia and egrets. Mafoimarah – Mateikoh – this road has a vast swamp used for rice cultivation along the road alignment. The flora consists of mangos, oranges, palm trees and shrubs. The fauna includes tilapias, cat fish, wild pigeons, squirrels, lizards and snakes (Boa constrictor). Lungi – Gbaneh, Thullah Street – Kamem Wharf – these roads are township roads located in lungi township in a mostly built up environment. The fauna is mostly scattered grasses and shrubs on few plots that have not yet been developed. Fauna present is lizards and few wild pigeons that were observed to perch on nearby power lines or on the few palm or coconut trees in the area. Masimera – Mabankra – Mayolla – the area has a lot of vegetative cover in between the settlements that are dotted along the road corridor. The vegetation is mostly a combination of savanna grasses, mangrove, bamboo, monkey apple trees and palm trees. There are large hectares of rice and cassava farms along the road corridor mostly on inland valley swamps. The fauna is mainly grass cutters, deer’s, monkeys, giant rats, tilapias, catfish, wild pigeons and egrets. But their habitat is out of the alignment as the areas close to the road have mostly been stripped of the natural vegetative cover. Magbain – Fedugu – the vegetation along the road alignment consist of tall trees, fruit trees as well as other types of forest trees, including Mangifera indica Mango, Cocos nucifera (coconut), Elaeis guineensis (oil palm), Artocarpus communis (bread fruit), cola nitida (the kola nut), Beilshmiedia mannii (tola) and Citrus sinensis (orange). The fauna identified within the environs of the alignments include mammals such as grass cutters (cane rat), squirrels. Reptiles identified include the boa constrictor, and tree snakes as well as agama lizards and iguanas. Bird species include wild pigeons, bush fowl and weaver birds. The stream crossings along the road serve as a rich source of fresh water fishes like tilapia and cat fish. Rogberay Junction - Komrabai – the biodiversity along this short stretch of road is mainly mangrove trees, water lilies, palm trees and raffia palm representing the flora along the road alignment. The fauna being swamp toads, tilapia, insects, wild pigeons and squirrels. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 63 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Maforay-Makaiba - the vegetation along the road alignment consist of tall trees, fruit trees, including Mangifera indica Mango, Cocos nucifera (coconut), Elaeis guineensis (oil palm), Citrus sinensis (orange), grasses and shrubs. The fauna includes grass cutters, wild pigeons, squirrels, agama lizards, tilapias and pigeons. Masorie – Mamalikie – this 1.2 km stretch of road is in a peri-urban area along the Masiaka –Bo highway. The area is a hive of human activities hence there is very little left of the original biodiversity in the area. The vegetation along the road is composed almost entirely of cassava plantations and few sections of grasses, shrubs and a cluster of bamboo trees at the location of the bridge that will be rehabilitated as part of the project activities. The fauna is mostly fresh water tilapia and egrets. 4.4.6 Ambient air quality and noise level At the time of the field visits by the researchers in December the air was generally clear. It was observed that the anthropogenic activities that could influence air quality are slash-and burn agriculture and vehicular traffic, however. Air quality would be more likely impacted during the dry season by the emission of particulates due to vehicular traffic on unpaved gravel roads in the area and farming activities that lead to the release of particulates and oxides of Sulphur and nitrogen (NOx & SOx). Occasional bush fires also contribute to the emission of these pollutants (particulates, NOx & SOx) in to the atmosphere. The noise levels in all communities are significantly below the 85 dBA threshold level, prescribed by World Bank 2007 EHS Guides, above which level hearing protection should be worn. Though noise levels of communities in the project area are expected to be generally moderate, our research team observed during the field visit that potential sources of noise nuisances in some of the relatively larger communities, are mainly from operations of small rice mills, generator units used to generate household electricity, and noise from vehicular traffic. 4.4.7 Climatic conditions The climatic conditions like many areas in Sierra Leone are warm and hot, with marked rainy season and dry season. The weather cycle is as follows: Harmattan, Dry but humid, Disturbance line squalls, Steady rains, Disturbance line squalls, Dry but humid and Harmattan. The harmattan period occurs from late December to late January. Usually after the middle of January, the rainless and dry harmattan is replaced by a dry but humid period, which extends to the end of March. This is caused by a retreat of the harmattan air masses to the north and penetration of humid air from the Atlantic Ocean. The winds come mainly from the west. Often, heavy dew and fog occurs during the night and early mornings. From March to the end of June, showers become more frequent, usually accompanied by thunderstorms. The storms travel east to west against the general wind direction. These disturbance line storms are usually preceded by a squall of easterly wind; they increase in intensity and frequency to the end of June. During this period, the weather Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 64 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE is very changeable with high humidity. July, August and into September are periods of heavy and usually persistent rains. A pause of dry weather conditions occurs in the rainy season during August with clear and humid weather. Ninety percent of this rain falls during the rainy season from May to November, leaving the other five months with no more than 250mm of rainfall. The relative humidity ranges between 95 to 100 and the mean monthly temperature is almost constant varying from 25oC in August to 28oC in March. The mean daily maximum temperature is at its lowest in August and highest in March. The mean daily minimum is at its lowest in January and at its highest in May. 4.4.8 Socio-economic baseline data Production of food crops, such as rice, cassava and sweet potato, are the main livelihood sources for over 80% of the population. Small scale mining also takes place. The city of Port Loko is a major trade center in the Northern Province. Along the project roads residents are predominantly subsistence farmers engaging in rice, cassava and sweet potatoe cultivativation. Rice is cultivated in most of the inland vally swamps along the project road alignment. Another important source of economic activity is through periodic markets that are found along the roads operating once weekly, allowing residents to converge and sell their produce while purchasing items required for domestic or business purposes. 4.4.8.1 Cultural sites The vast majority of the roads in Port Loko district have their cultural sites away from the road except for Masimera – Mabankra – Mayolla which has two cemeteries and a male society bush along the road alignment. The sections along which these sites are located will not experience construction activities as they are not located close to any of the crossing points along which the culverts are to be constructed. 4.4.8.2 Education The roads in the district do not have schools along the road alignment except for Masimera- Mayolla-Mabankra (1), Maforay- Makaiba (1) and Gbomtrait-Makasi (2) which has school(s) along the road. 4.4.8.3 Health The District Health Management Team (DHMT) has a total of 317 registered staff medical and non-medical staff working in health facilities in Western Area. The facilities available in Western Rural Area are: 12 Community Health Centers (CHC), 20 Community Health Posts (CHP), 21 Maternal Child Health Post s (MCHP) and 1 hospital. Traditional medicine forms part of the primary health care system in Sierra Leone. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 65 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE There are community health centers and peripheral health units at Masimera and Mayolla with the later at the end of the project road, there is also a PHU along Gbomtrait - Makasi. 4.5 Kambia District Road Names I. Rogberay – Mapotonlon II. Bamoi Luma – Katic Junction III. Masunthu – Maselleh IV. Kathirie – Mafafila V. Gbonkomaria – Kathakera VI. Mambolo – Rokel 4.5.1 Topography and Physiology The project roads alignment traverses a relatively flat terrain, and through a gently to moderately undulating topography. The roads generally run along the side slope of inland valley swamps on the southwest of the alignment. The landform also varies from plateaux with level to very gentle slopes, valley side slopes and level – to nearly-level valley swamps in between, to interfluves with ill-defined crest and side slopes, nearly-level to very gently sloping with valley swamps in between the interfluves. 4.5.2 Hydrology and drainage Generally, the Scarcies River is the main source of drainage for the project roads. During the period of this study all the streams were flowing at a moderate discharge rate and flooded their channels making valley swamps and depressions waterlogged except the tidal area that is tributary of the Tompari Creek, were the stream flow was almost stagnant but can be influenced by the tide from Scarcies River to increase its level during high tide. In view of the relatively gentle slope and a mixture of dense and sparse vegetation, it is therefore not surprising that there is a low surface runoff along the alignments. The catchments for along the alignments are generally very gentle except in the valley swamps and drainage depressions where they are moderately steep. The size and the shape of the catchments are extensive and elongated respectively as the boundary follows the proposed alignments. The general hydrogeology of the PA can be divided into two main aquifer types, the upper aquifer and the underlying fractured aquifer. These aquifers can be subdivided into the various geological units from which they are derived. The depths of the water table in most of the underground sources are indicative of the weathered aquifer water levels. The formations of springs governed by the geology are generally associated with a pinching out of the weathered aquifer by an impermeable layer, e.g. the underlying bedrock. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 66 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.5.3 Water sources The project roads lie within the Great Scarcies River watershed. Surface water quantity is quite high and the general well-drained nature of the soils of the interfluves, could lead to a considerable infiltration of surface run off. Though the vegetation is depleted from its virgin state, the vegetal ground cover in most areas suffices to give a reasonable amount of protection to the soil to allow the water to be captured and stored as ground water given the clayey nature of the lower soil horizons of the area. The bulk of the water supply for rural habitants generally comes from rivers, streams, swamps and wells. The water from the inland valley and mangrove swamps are used extensively to irrigate nearby rice and vegetable farms. The settlements along the road alignment get their water from hand dug wells and surface water bodies. Few settlements have boreholes installed mostly at PHU but the construction activities will not affect them as they are out of the alignment. Rogberay - Mapotonlon Residents in the villages along the road alignment get their domestic water from shallow hand dug wells located in their villages and from seasonal streams and swamps along the road. The water quality is poor due to its close proximity to salt water bodies. Bamoi Luma – Katic Jct There are multiple boreholes and hand dug wells in the settlements that are dotted along the project corridor. Some of these wells and boreholes tend to dry up during the peak of the dry season due to receding water table, forcing residents to use water from nearby streams and swamps for domestic purposes. The water from the streams are also use for irrigation purposes on small subsistence farms that are present along the road corridor. Masunthu – Maselleh There are three (3) boreholes at Masunthu village which provides water for domestic use for the residents. Maselleh has no borehole, residents use water from handdug wells and the nearby stream for domestic purposes. Kathirie – Mafafila There are boreholes in both communities providing potable water for residents, there are no swamps in the area of influence of the project but there is a seasonal stream with a failed box culvert close to Mafafila and the water from this stream is used by residents for laundry, bathing and irrigation purposes. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 67 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Gbonkomaria – Kathakera Both settlements have boreholes and hand dug wells to provide portable water for domestic use, there is also a massive mangrove swamp that functions as a source of water for irrigating the vast rice farms that stretches for miles in either direction as seen from the location of the now defunct bridge that will be demolished and replace as part of the spot improvement project. Mambolo – Rokel Mamabolo and Rokel communities have multiple boreholes and hand dug wells providing water to residents. The swamp at the location of the failed bridge provides water for irrigation of the rice fields that feed off it. 4.5.4 Geology In general, the alignment of the project roads lies on the Kasila group granulites and the sandy and clayey sediments of the Bullom group with recent deposits of alluvium and colluvium in valleys. The Kasila geological formation consists of a series of high-grade basis granulites flanked by amphbiolites, which develops into a zone of extreme sheer deformation to form the southwest margin of the Archean basement complex. The Kasila rocks are represented in the area by low grade metamorphic rocks such amphibolites, minor quartz-magnetite, quartz-diopside and aluminosilicate-bearing rocks which represent highly metamorphosed equivalents of banded iron formations, marbles and pellites. Granitic rock outcrops are visible along Masunthu -Maselleh and Kathirie – Mafafilla. 4.5.5 Biodiversity The project roads corridors have vegetation cover comprising forest regrowth, Lophira tree savannah and hydromorphic vegetation (mangrove swamp forest and inland valley swamp regrowth). Along the project roads’ corridors, the vegetation cover provides an adequate sanctuary for animals in some areas. Although the entire region includes open vegetation of mainly grass and low thicket of forest regrowth, it houses animal types similar to those of the comparatively denser vegetation of matured regrowth and Lophira forest of the Kambia environs. Rogberay – Mapotonlon The fauna identified within the environs of the alignments include mammals such as grass cutters (cane rat), deer, muskrat, squirrels, monkeys (mainly the Colobus polykomos species which is a Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 68 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE pest. Reptiles identified include the boa constrictor, green mamba, and tree snakes as well as agama lizards and iguanas. Bird species include wild pigeons, bush fowl and weaver birds. Fish evident in the area consist of fresh water species and both fresh and salt water species thriving in the inland valley swamps and the creek respectively. The species evident include fresh water species such as Tilapia Zilli, (locally referred to as mango page). This flora mainly comprises fruit trees as well as other types of forest trees, including Mangifera indica Mango, Cocos nucifera (coconut), Elaeis guineensis (oil palm), Artocarpus communis (bread fruit), cola nitida (the kola nut), Beilshmiedia mannii (tola) and Citrus sinensis (orange). Other forest trees include Terminalia ivorensis (the ronko tree). Monrinda geminate (brimstone), and few Melinda arborea (Yemani). Hydromorphic vegetation referring to all the aquatic grass vegetation found in the inland valley swamps. This grass fallow vegetation occurs in the inland valley swamps drained by the stream in the Sela Limba Chiefdom, a tributary of the Little Scarcies River. These inland valley swamps are currently mostly under fallow of low grasses that thrive in very wet conditions. Here, the grass does not have a full coverage of any of the swamps due to the occurrence of isolated cultivation patches. Bamoi Luma – Katic Jct The fauna identified within the environs of the alignments include mammals such as squirrels, monkeys and giant rats. Bird species include wild pigeons and guinea fowls which are much more common in the area. Fresh water fishes like tilapia and Chrysichthys sp (catfish) were also observed. This flora has an open to closed density with vegetation ranging from low shrubs, herbs and few crop remnants of about one-year fallow, to a thicket vegetation of about 12 years fallow of growth. The dense thicket comprises an undergrowth of shurbs and gerbs such as the Scleria barteri (sword grass), Euphorbia hirta (butter plant) and the sensitive plant, Mimosa Pudica, all of which generally renders this vegetation much more difficult to penetrate than the secondary forest. Trees species include Terminalia ivorensis (the ronko tree), Musanga cecropioides (umbrella leaf tree), Morinda geminata (brimstone), scattered Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) and Ceiba pentandra (the cotton tree). Fruit trees such as Dialum guineense (tramarind), psidium guajava (guava), Anisophyllea laurina (monkey apple) and Magnifera indica (mango) are also identified. The shrub which produces the fruit Salacia senegalensis (malombo) is also abundant in the regrowth. Masunthu – Maselleh The fauna identified within the environs of the alignments include mammals such as squirrels, monkeys, grass cutters (cane rat) and rats. Bird species include wild pigeons and hawks, doves, egrets. Fresh water fishes like tilapia and Chrysichthys sp (catfish) were also observed. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 69 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE This flora mainly comprises fruit trees as well as other types of forest trees, including Mangifera indica Mango, Cocos nucifera (coconut), Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) and Citrus sinensis (orange). Other forest trees include Terminalia ivorensis (the ronko tree) and few Melinda arborea (Yemani). Kathirie – Mafafila The fauna identified within the environs of the alignments include mammals such as squirrels, monkeys and the bird species include wild pigeons and egrets. The fauna is mainly grasses and palm trees found along the short stretch of road between the two settlements. Gbonkomaria – Kathakera The fauna identified within the environs of the alignments include mainly fishes that inhabit the swamp between the two settlement such as fresh water species like Tilapia Zilli, (locally referred to as mango page), Chrysichthys sp (catfish) Noteptunis sp (cutlass fish), Anguilla sp (eel). This flora mainly comprises mainly Rhizophora racemose (mangrove trees), some wild palm and coconut trees. Mambolo – Rokel The fauna identified within the environs of the alignments include mainly fishes that inhabit the swamp betwwen the two settlement such as fresh water species like Tilapia Zilli, (locally reffered to as mango page), Chrysichthys sp (catfish) Noteptunis sp (cutlass fish), Anguilla sp (eel). This flora mainly comprises mainly cashew fruit trees (anacardium occidentale) and Rhizophora racemose (mangrove trees). 4.5.6 Ambient air quality Air environment includes the meteorology and air quality. Meteorology is an important parameter in environmental impact assessment exercise. The major factor for the diffusion of air pollutant is wind speed. It is responsible for the movement of air and air pollutants. The air quality of the district is not available in records. However, it appears that Sulphur dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxides and Hydrocarbons may be below detectable limits. Based on previous experience in similar topography the suspended particulate matter (SPM) may be in the range of 50-120µg/m3. The air quality of the district along the feeder roads may be within permissible limit. Moreover, there is no major traffic on feeder roads which can contribute for the ambient air quality in the area. Noise quality is an issue particularly in road projects especially due to slow and heavy traffic and blowing of horns on road. During site visit it is observed that main source of noise are local Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 70 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE activities such as occasional movement of vehicles, wind blowing and other rural activities. The noise level of any point in the area is inversely proportional to its distance from road and / or source. It is apparent from the above table that the noise level is not exceeding the prescribe limits for different land use pattern. It is attributed to traffic movement on the road. The measured levels were compared with standards available, it could be concluded that the noise levels are within permissible limit. All sensitive receptor (hospitals and schools) are located at a minimum range of 20-50 m the edge of carriageway and the noise level at the receptor will be further low. 4.5.7 Climatic conditions The climatic conditions like many areas in Sierra Leone are warm and hot, with marked rainy season and dry season. The weather cycle is as follows: Harmattan, Dry but humid, Disturbance line squalls, Steady rains, Disturbance line squalls, Dry but humid and Harmattan. The harmattan period occurs from late December to late January. Usually after the middle of January, the rainless and dry harmattan is replaced by a dry but humid period, which extends to the end of March. This is caused by a retreat of the harmattan air masses to the north and penetration of humid air from the Atlantic Ocean. The winds come mainly from the west. Often, heavy dew and fog occurs during the night and early mornings. From March to the end of June, showers become more frequent, usually accompanied by thunderstorms. The storms travel east to west against the general wind direction. These disturbance line storms are usually preceded by a squall of easterly wind; they increase in intensity and frequency to the end of June. During this period, the weather is very changeable with high humidity. July, August and into September are periods of heavy and usually persistent rains. A pause of dry weather conditions occurs in the rainy season during August with clear and humid weather. Ninety percent of this rain falls during the rainy season from May to November, leaving the other five months with no more than 250mm of rainfall. The relative humidity ranges between 95 to 100 and the mean monthly temperature is almost constant varying from 25oC in August to 28oC in March. The mean daily maximum temperature is at its lowest in August and highest in March. The mean daily minimum is at its lowest in January and at its highest in May. 4.5.8 Socio-economic baseline data The general occupations of the inhabitants are agriculture, palm oil production and fishing. Agriculture, engaged in by more than two thirds of the inhabitants, is dominated by rice farming; this is mostly done on subsistence basis and employs rudimentary production techniques with the main crops being rice, cassava, groundnut, potatoes, yam, cocoyam and palm oil plantations. Fishing is also done in the various rivers for both subsistence and commercial purposes. Fishing activities are concentrated at Mapontonlon, Gbonkomaria – Kathakera and Rokel. Massive rice farms on inland valley swamps are also a major source of income along Mambolo-Rokel, Rogbere- Mapontonlon and Gbonkomaria – Kathakera. The periodic market at Bamoi is the largest market in the whole of kambia district as traders come from far and wide to trade in various commodities. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 71 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.5.8.1 Cultural sites There is no cultural site along the project roads in Kambia district, the cultural sites (society grounds and cemeteries) even though they are present in some of the communities along the road alignment. These sites will therefore not be affected by project activities in kambia district. 4.5.8.2 Education There are scholls in most of the settlements in the area of influence of the project, but along the road alignment only three roads have schools that will be affected by the project mainly in the form of nosie pollution. Rogbere – Mopotonlon and Bamoi Luma – Katic Junction have schools along the road alignment. 4.5.8.3 Health The following roads have peripheral health unit/Community health center along the road corridor: Rogbere – Mopotonlon, Bamoi Luma – Katic Junction and Masunthu – Maselleh feeder roads. These health posts will be affected mainly by noise and dust from construction activite, hence, suitable mitigation measures have been proposed to reduce their impact. 4.5.8.4 Energy Communities within the project corridor all lack electrical power supply. The few small petrol generators that exist in the area are run by business people for commercial purposes, such as to charge phones or run a shop. Petrol and kerosene are generally procured from Kambia town, Bamoi, Madina or Kamakwie. Kerosene is retailed per pint in the communities by young male peddlers; it is used for fueling kerosene lamps and lanterns and to ignite fires for cooking. Battery-powered LED torchlights are also widely used. Candles are used, but rarely. Others rely on charcoal or firewood to prepare meals on a daily basis, leading to the cutting down of trees. 4.6 Moyamba District Road Names I. Rotifunk – Motobon II. Bauya – Gangama III. Kawela – Toabu IV. Senehun – Palewahun V. Mogbouma – Gondama VI. Largo – Belebu Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 72 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.6.1 Topography and Physiology Topographically, Moyamba district can be divided into two topographical zones. The lowest part of the district is located along the south-west and rises gradually to a height of approximately 1,200 mamsl, which is the highest portion of the district. Rotifunk – Motobon and Bauya – Gangama feeder roads lie in close proximity to each in two different chiefdoms (Kongbora and Bumpeh) Chiefdom respectively. Also, Kawela – Toabu in Kori Chiefdom, Senehun – Palewahun and Mogbouma – Gondama in Kamajei Chiefdom are in close proximity to each other. While Largo – Belebu in Lower Banta Chiefdom lie far apart from the other projects in the district. For roads in Kori, Kamajei and Lower Banta Chiefdoms have relatively flat terrain, while those in Kongbora and Bumpeh Chiefdoms are having relatively flat terrain with few sections of gently undulating topography. The topography of the area is typical of the ‘Boli’ land with the terrain flowing down from the hills of the Moyamba and Bayiye to the relative lowlands that straddles the middle ground between the creeks/mangrove swamps that empty into the Atlantic Ocean. Rotifunk – Motobon feeder road traverses four inland valley swamps along which box and pipe culverts have been proposed to be constructed as part of the spot improvement project. Bauya – Gangama feeder road transverses three inland valley swamps along which box and pipe culverts have been proposed to be constructed as part of the spot improvement project. Kawela – Toabu feeder road transverses two inland valley swamps along which a bridge and box culvert have been proposed to be constructed as part of the spot improvement project. Senehun – Palewahun feeder road transverses three inland valley swamps along which box and pipe culverts have been proposed to be constructed as part of the spot improvement project. Mogbouma – Gondama feeder road transverses six inland valley swamps along which a bridge, box and pipe culverts have been proposed to be constructed as part of the spot improvement project. Largo – Belebu feeder road transverses an inland valley swamps along which a bridge has been proposed to be constructed as part of the spot improvement project. 4.6.2 Hydrology and Drainage. The hydrology of the Project area is characterized by small, shallow lakes, creeks, rivers and wetlands which are most likely connected to the groundwater system and recharged by the large amount of annual rainfall. Moyamba district consists of two main river basins; these are the Kpangbaa and the Jong (Taia) Rivers. Although these rivers are seasonal, they have deep-sand filled river beds which hold a considerable amount of water, even long after the rainy season. The region is poorly drained and is characterized by several wetland areas. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 73 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.6.3 Water Sources Moyamba District has lot of fresh water streams with majority of the streams being seasonal streams. There is no pipe borne water supply within the district as inhabitants rely hand dug wells and streams as a source of water for domestic purposes. Rotifunk – Motobon feeder road- the residents within the settlements along this project road get their domestic water supply from streams and few hand-dug wells. These streams are also used for other domestic purposes such as laundry, bathing and watering of vegetables cultivated close to them. Bauya – Gangama feeder road- the inhabitants within these communities use streams as their source of water supply except Manjahun were there is an operational hand dug well. Kawela – Toabu feeder road- the inhabitants along the project road use nearby streams as source of water supply. There are no operational boreholes along this project road. The use streams as a major source of drinking water and other domestic works like laundry and bathing. Senehun – Palewahun feeder road- the communities along this road get their domestic water supply from hand dug wells and shallow streams. They use streams for other activities other than drinking like laundry and bathing. Mogbouma – Gondama feeder road- the communities along this road get their domestic water supply from hand dug wells. There are swamps along the project road which provide water for the inhabitants, which are used for domestic purposes. Largo – Belebu feeder road- there is an operational tap in Largo which is their major source of drinking water. Other communities use streams as major source of domestic water supply. 4.6.4 Geology The project area geology is proximal alluvial placers in origin, with the primary source of mineralisation derived from the quartzo-feldspathic gneisses of the Precambrian (2.1ba) Kasila Group. In the North-eastern part of the Project area is Hypersthene Gneiss-Olivine (Kasila Gneisses-Precambrian 2.1ba), alluvium beach sand lignite, sand clay and lignite are other deposits in the Project area. The heavy mineral suite is hosted within the Bullom Group, which marked the end of a late Tertiary marine regression. Sea levels at this time were approximately 100 metres below its current level, exposing the basement rocks of the Kasila Group to erosion. Mechanical and chemical degradation of the Kasila gneisses lead to the formation of kaolinite and other clay minerals which subsequently liberated the heavy minerals, where they were eroded and deposited into pre-incised channel systems. The quartzofeldspathic gneiss is light-gray, fine- to coarsegrained, foliated, layered muscovitie-bearing quartzofeldspathic gneiss; contains intercalated quartz-muscovite schist. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 74 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.6.5 Biodiversity Rotifunk – Motobon feeder road- there are evidences of human activities along the project roads mainly agricultural activities. The inhabitants along the road cultivate crops like bananas, plantain, orange, coconuts. They are also engaged in fish farming during the dries. Fishes harvested are mainly Oreochromus Esculentus, Siluridae, and Brachyuran. The inhabitants also rear small ruminants like sheep and goat in small quantities for commercial and consumption purposes. They also raise ducks and chickens for consumption purposes. The vicinity of the project area has forest sections and sections devoid of forests. The flora comprises of forest tall trees, shrubs, wild banana leaves, pennisetum Purpureum. There are rodents like squirrel, muss, giant rats, monkeys, Iguanas, lizards and snakes within forest areas. Bauya – Gangama feeder road- the inhabitants along the project road are engaged in agricultural activities like cultivation of crops, fish farming and rearing of animals. The locals along the road cultivate crops like tubers (mainly cassava), rice (both swamp and inland). They are also engaged in fish farming in shallow streams during the dries. Fishes harvested are mainly Siluridae, Orechromis esculentus, and red breast tilapia. They also raise ducks and chickens for consumption purposes. The vicinity of the project area has forest sections and sections devoid of forests. The flora comprises of forest tall trees, shrubs, Axonopus compressus, stenotaphrum, Aspillia Africana. There are rodents like squirrel, muss, giant rats, lizards and snakes within forest areas. Kawela – Toabu feeder road- human activities along the project road is apparent, mainly agricultural activities. The inhabitants along the road cultivate crops like pineapple and plantain. Existing streams are used for fish farming mainly during the dries. Fishes harvested are predominantly Siluridae and Brachyuran. They also raise ducks and chickens for consumption purposes. The vicinity of the project area has forest sections and sections devoid of forests. The flora comprises of forest tall trees, shrubs, wild banana leaves, pennisetum Purpureum. There are rodents like squirrel, muss, giant rats, monkeys, lizards and snakes within forest areas. Senehun – Palewahun feeder road- the locals along the project road are mostly farmers with very few being traders. Some locals along the project road are staff of a rubber farm plantation owned by Indian investors. The others are engaged in subsistence farming like cultivation of swamp rice, vegetables (like pepper), and tubers (like cassava, potatoes). Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 75 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE The vicinity of the project area has thick forest cover. The flora comprises of forest tall trees (Walnuts, Mahogany), shrubs and grass (wild banana leaves, pennisetum Purpureum). There are monkeys, rodents like squirrel, muss, giant rats, lizards and snakes within forest areas. Mogbouma – Gondama feeder road- there are evidences of human activities along the project roads mainly agricultural activities. The project road has considerable length bounded by swamps which are utilized every year for swamp rice farming. They also cultivate palm trees which are used for production of palm oil. There is an existing river at Gondama which is used for fish farming. They also raise ducks and chickens for domestic consumption purposes. The vicinity of the project area has little/thin forest cover for most sections. The fauna constitutes Iguana delicatissima, monkeys, snakes, giant rats, and squirrel. Largo – Belebu feeder road- there are human activities along the project road mainly agricultural activities. The inhabitants along the road cultivate crops like rice, cassava, potatoes, and yams groundnuts. They also raise ducks and chickens for consumption purposes. The vicinity of the project area has forest sections and sections devoid of forests. The floras comprise forest trees, shrubs and grasses. There are rodents like squirrel, muss, giant rats, monkeys, Iguanas, lizards and snakes within forest areas. 4.6.6 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Level Ambient air quality guidelines and standards for inhalable particles or PM10 (i.e. particulates with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm or less) are presented in Table 8. PM10 provides a measure of respirable dust, which has the potential to affect human health when inhaled. The baseline dust levels/Particulate Matter (PM10) in the air was recorded within locations in the settlements closest to the road corridor in December 2018. The measurements were recorded at different times of the day using a portable micro-dust pro aerosol monitoring system. Table 6: WHO guidelines on dust levels WB / IFC Guidelines1 Maximum 24-hour Average Concentration Concentration Units µg/m3 µg/m3 Interim Target 12 150 70 Interim Target 23 100 50 Interim Target 34 75 30 Guideline5 50 20 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 76 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 1. WB / IFC, 2007. General EHS guidelines: Environmental. Air emissions and ambient air quality. 2. Interim target-1 (IT-1) – These levels are associated with about a 15 % higher long-term mortality risk relative to the AQG (WHO Air Quality Guideline) level. 3. Interim target-2 (IT-2) – In addition to the other health benefits, these levels lower the risk of premature mortality by approximately 6% [2-11%] relative to the IT-2 level. 4. Interim target-3 (IT-3) – In addition to the other health benefits, these levels reduce the mortality risk by approximately 6% [2-11 %] relative to the IT-2 level. 5. Guideline (AQG) – In addition to the lowest levels at which total cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality have been shown to increase with more than 95 %confidence in response to long term exposure to PM2.5 Interim targets are provided by WB / IFC in recognition of the need for a staged approach to achieving the recommended guidelines. The average PM10 levels measured along the proposed route (appendix 3). Recorded values range from 10 µg/m3 to 210 µg/m3. Whilst a direct comparison between the instantaneous measured average values and the World Health Organisation (WHO) maximum 24-hour concentration or annual average concentration guideline levels is not possible, it provides some context to the observed dust levels. Direct comparison is not possible due to the fact that readings taken during the studies are instantaneous readings while the WHO standard values are an average over a 24- hour period. Most (91%) of the measurements taken during the current assessment of the Project area are below the World Health Organisation (WHO) air quality standards stipulated maximum threshold of 50 µg/m3 over 24 hours. 25% of the average measurements taken in the current assessment were above the WHO air quality standards stipulated annual average concentration of 20 µg/m3. Dry weather at the time of measurement and the fact that the existing road is lateritic with dust easily generated from vehicular traffic, wind and other community activities contributed to seasonally high dust levels. Noise levels (dBA) were measured and the range of levels recorded within and around the project area in the settlements closest to the road corridor in December 2018 (appendix 3). The measurements were recorded at different times of the day using a hand-held Lutron sound level meter. Whilst direct comparison between instantaneous measured noise values (dBA) and the World Bank ‘One Hour LAeq’ limits (as per Table 10) is not possible, it provides some context to observed noise levels and potential impacts. Direct comparison is not possible due to the fact that readings taken during this study are instantaneous readings while the WB standard values are taken over period of 1-hour. Table 7: World Bank limits noise level guidelines for maximum outdoor noise level dBA Receptor Noise level One Hour LAeq (dBA) (Type of district) Daytime Night-time 07:00 – 22:00 22:00 – 07:00 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 77 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE a) Residential; 55 45 institutional; educational b) Industrial; commercial 70 70 c) Measured noise levels in the Project area ranged from 37 – 63 dBA and are summarised in appendix 4. 4.6.7 Climatic Condition Generally, the climate of the Project area is described as moderately long dry season and a growing period lasting 270 – 300 days (FAO/LRSP TRI 1979). Rainfall in the area is characterized by a unimodal pattern with a wettest period occurring during the months of July, August and September. The wet season normally last for six months (May – November) but in exceptional years, rains may start as early as April and sometimes run into December. The mean annual rainfall for sixteen years (1980 – 1996) in this area is 2,363 mm. 95% of this fall between April and November, with July and August being the wettest months, with a monthly mean of 508.3 mm and 579.2 mm respectively. The annual mean maximum and minimum temperatures are 31.4oC and 20.3oC respectively. However, the mean temperature is nearly constant. The average day temperature is approximately 26oC. The Harmattan is a dry and dusty north-easterly trade wind that blows from the Sahara Desert over the West African subcontinent into the Gulf of Guinea between the end of November and the middle of March. Typically, this brings cooler temperatures during the dry season and can transport large quantities of dust. Relative humidity readings of 90 per cent are common for extended periods during the rainy season. Relative humidity ranges between 43.6 and 91.8%. Since the wet season begins in April and ends in November, and is characterized by heavy rain (maximum of around 146.0 mm in September), there is high humidity (90.1-91.8%), during which the air temperatures are generally below the annual average of 22°C. Rainfall decreases as the dry season progresses, until December when there is very little or no rain at all. Humidity is lower, and temperatures are a little above average, at generally around 33.8°C in the day and 19.6°C at night. 4.6.8 Socio-economic Baseline Data Moyamba district has most of its inhabitants engaged in active agricultural activities for their livelihoods. They are engaged in subsistence farming cultivating different variety of crops. There are about fifty thousand people engaged in cultivation of crops within the district. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 78 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE The settlements in the area of influence of the project and along the road alignment are clustered unplanned settlements. Toilet facilities are very basic with some houses and schools having pit latrines. The predominant economic activities along the project roads are subsistence agriculture with residents engaged in rice farming and palm oil production. 4.6.8.1 Cultural sites In rural areas of Sierra Leone communities tend to have cultural heritage sites (bushes and cemeteries) which are used to train young men and women on the useful skills they will require to function as adults in their society/community. However, the cultural heritage sites (bushes) in the communities situated along the road alignment of Bauya – Gangama, Largo – Belebu and Senehun – Palewahun are in the area of influence of the project roads. Hence, the project could affect these sites during construction phase. There are cultural sites along the project roads Rotifunk – Motobon, Kawela – Toabu and Mogbouma – Gondama but do not fall in the area of influence of the project. Hence, they will not disturb the implementation of the project. In terms of cemeteries, Rotifunk – Motobon, Bauya – Gangama and Largo – Belebu have cemeteries situated approximately 20m off the road corridor. The project roads Mogbouma – Gondama, Senehun – Paliwahun and Kawela – Toabu have cemeteries along the road corridors which are not situated close to the road. 4.6.8.2 Education Rotifunk – Motobon: There are six (6) primary schools and three (3) secondary schools along the road alignment. There is also a senior secondary school at Rotifunk. The school at Rotifunk has a borehole with a hand pump installed, whereas the school at Masibara use streams as source of water. Bauya – Gangama: There are three primary schools and one secondary school along the road alignment. The secondary school at Bauya has a borehole with a hand pump installed, whereas the primary schools at Senehun and Gangama use swamp and streams as source of water. Kawela – Toabu: There is a primary school at Kawela and no secondary schools along the road alignment. The school at Kawela has hand dug wells. Senehun – Palewahun: There are two primary schools and one secondary school along the road alignment. The secondary school at Senehun has a borehole with a hand pump installed, whereas the primary school at Jene relies on water collected from the nearby swamp. Mogbouma – Gondama: There are two primary schools and one secondary school along the road alignment. The secondary school at Mogbouma has a borehole with a hand pump installed, whereas the primary school at Gondama relies on water collected from the nearby swamp. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 79 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.6.8.3 Health There are health centers along the project roads Mogbouma – Gondama Senehun, – Palewahun, Kawela – Toabu, Bauya – Gangama and Rotifunk – Motobon. The prevalent diseases along the project roads are malaria, dysentery, typhoid, river blindness and diarrhea. This can primarily be attributed to mosquito bites and the drinking of contaminated water. 4.6.8.4 Energy Communities within the project corridor all lack electrical power supply. The few small petrol generators that exist in the area are run by business people for commercial purposes, such as to charge phones or run a shop. Petrol and kerosene are generally procured from Moyamba town, Taiama, Njala. Kerosene is retailed per pint in the communities by young male peddlers; it is used for fueling kerosene lamps and lanterns and to ignite fires for cooking. Battery-powered LED torchlights are also widely used. Candles are used, but rarely. Others rely on charcoal or firewood to prepare meals on a daily basis, leading to the cutting down of trees. 4.7 Kenema District I. Kpetewoma – Yorvuhun II. Bambara Junction – Bambara III. Yaweima – Saama IV. Blama – Jowomei V. Blama – Golahun – Vaama VI. Kenema – Komende – Vaahun VII. Gbandalahun – Maina VIII. Sendumei – Jui IX. Yawaju – Woyama X. Patama Dama – Kpandemei XI. Geima Dama – Kebawana XII. Gbomgboma Junction - Leppiama 4.7.1 Topography and Physiology The project roads are characterized by easterly general slope towards the south. The topography of the project area generally varies with certain areas having very steep slopes (vertical alignment). Nearly 40% of the land in the PA comprises of rolling hills and highlands rising to 300 m above sea level (asl) with steep slopes in isolated cases. The erodibility of unconsolidated matter is therefore fairly high. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 80 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE The project roads are all characterized by steep elevations at numerous sections making navigation very difficult especially during the rains, as a result of poor soils coupled with exposed rock outcrops. Sendumei - Jui feeder and Yawaju - Woyama feeder roads have the tropical rainforest type of vegetation situated on the eastern limits of the tropical rainforest in Sierra Leone. Over the years however, the natural vegetation cover of the area has been considerably modified by man, largely in connection with the development of (slash –and burn) agriculture. The huge demand for firewood has also resulted in significant deforestation along the project road. The natural vegetation cover along the land part of the route will remain largely unaffected by the project considering the existing alignment (although the “Right of way� around 3m from the end of the fill or cutting could affect a few areas). The project roads lie in close proximity for those within the same chiefdoms but lie far apart from chiefdom to the other. The district is bounded from one region by the Kamboi hills. The project roads navigate through steep/mountainous terrains. There are mangrove swamps along some project roads. The project roads are well dispersed within the district. In some areas the vegetation is mosaic of deciduous advanced secondary high forest, farm bush and little savannah woodlands on good fertile soils. The forest tract of Goal Forest Reserve contains wide variety of tropical timber species of wide range of potential uses. 4.7.2 Hydrology and Drainage The project area general follows undulating topography and crosses different catchments. There are low lying inland valley swamp areas with poor drainage conditions. It was highlighted during a meeting with the city council that these sections would urgently need a project to solve the flooding problems in the swampy areas which contain a number of settlements. The Mao River, which originates from the highlands and hills and its tributaries are the key hydrological features influencing the area of influence of the project (and Kenema district as a whole). A detailed hydrological characteristic of the river and its tributaries around the PA location has not been carried out, but there is evidence of significant flooding or surface runoff during heavy rains. The general drainage of the area follows these trends while local patterns are dependent on topography that varies from undulating characteristics on higher grounds to ragged and sloppy land forms. The general drainage is to the west and south west. There are several seasonal (rain-filled) streams and in-land valley swamps which usually lasts for short periods after the rains stops. Some of these streams serve several domestic and agricultural purposes. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 81 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE These sections of the road that transverses close to the forest reserve is evidently greener with more forest than other sections of the road. The soils across the section are relatively darker, perhaps due to deposition during wet season. As indicated earlier, drainage problem is a key aspect along practically the entire road section. It is most severe in the low-lying areas the drainage problem in the PA is exacerbated due to clogging of the existing culverts. 4.7.3 Water Sources Kenema District is blessed with an abundance of fresh water including the Moa and other streams (mostly seasonal) flowing downwards within the district. Pipe borne water is present within the district headquarter town. Other areas and communities within the district mostly rely on shallow hand dug wells and/or seasonal streams/swamps for their domestic water use. Kpetewoma - Yorvuhun feeder road- there is an existing hand dug well and a hand pump (which is no longer functional) at Kpetewoma and two (2) hand dug wells at Yorvuhun which are used as sources of drinking water. There are existing seasonal streams and swamps along the road alignment and these streams also serve as water sources for inhabitants. Bambara Junction - Bambara feeder road- there is an existing borehole at Bambara settlement which runs throughout the year. To supplement this, the water from the surrounding inland valley swamps are used for domestic purposes such as processing of palm oil, laundry, for drinking purposes and the irrigation of small farms located next to them. Blama – Golahun - Vaama feeder road- there are hand dug wells at Yaweima, Yuyeigei, Golahun and Vaama. There is also an existing gravity water source at Kpandebu which provides portable drinking water to residents. Kenema – Komende - Vaahun feeder road- there are hand dug wells at Kpava, Konabu, Jormu Kafeibu and Vaahun. There are rivers and streams along the road which are used for domestic purposes. Gbandalahun - Maina feeder road- there is neither hand dug well nor hand pump along this road. Inhabitants along this road use existing streams as source of drinking water. These streams are used to process palm oil and also for fermentation of cassava. Sendumei - Jui feeder road- there is hand pump in Menema Koya and hand dug well at Jui which are used as major sources of drinking water. There is an existing river along the road alignment. Yawaju - Woyama feeder road- there is a single borehole at Mayeimi Bama and it tends to dry up during the peak of the dries (march-april) and it is also inadequate to supply to the whole community. To supplement this, the water from the two inland valley swamps are used for domestic purposes such as processing of palm oil, laundry and for drinking purposes. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 82 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Blama - Jowomei feeder road- there are boreholes in Blama town and hand pumps at Jowomei. There are few swamp points along the road and residents use the swamp water for laundry and irrigation purposes. Patama Dama - Kpandemei feeder road- the communities along this road get their domestic water supply from boreholes and shallow hand dug wells, the boreholes have hand pumps installed to bring the water to the surface. There are no streams or swamps along the road alignment or in its area of influence. Yaweima - Saama feeder road- there are hand dug wells in Yaweima and Saama settlements. There are swamps along the road alignment which are used for domestic purposes like laundry and cooking. Geima Dama - Kpandemei feeder road- there is a borehole at Geima Dama, and gravity pump at Diamei. It supplies Tikonko Borbu and Taninahun. There are rivers and seasonal streams along the road alignment which are used for domestic purposes. Gbomgboma Junction - Leppiama feeder road- there are existing operational hand dug wells and hand pumps along the road alignment, and a gravity water source at Leppiama. 4.7.4 Geology The project area transverses through the Precambrian Basement complex which occupied over half of the interior of Sierra Leone. And is composed predominantly of granite, migmatite and enclosed metamorphites. The metamorphites are the remnants of previously much more extensive formations which have been preserved within the granites. They are divided on a facies basis into the Kambui schist, and the Mano –Moa granites. Throughout, the area has been intruded by a variety of post-orogenic rocks mainly in dyke form. The investigated area is composed of a complex of high-grade metamorphic gneisses and granulite’s. Liberally intermixed in various granites and granitic gneisses, with th e granites forming the dominant rock type. The high rainfall and warm temperature of the area are conductive to deep weathering and intense leaching, and the rocks have been heavily laterized. As the process of laterization is still continuous, the whole area is covered by younger laterites which are still forming and are frequently soft as there has not been sufficient time for them to become indurated. There are visible granitic roack outcrops along the project roads in this district which have been exposed mainly by severe erosion, especially at steep elevations that are a constant feature of the topography in the district. The absence of adequate drainage structures has contributed significantly to expose these granitic rocks. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 83 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.7.5 Biodiversity Kpetewoma - Yorvuhun feeder road- the project road is characterized by human activities, including settlement, limited agriculture activities and some livestock keeping mainly in the form of sheep, goats and chicken. Hence, the most common biological features include agricultural plants (predominantly subsistence farming) oil palm plantations, food crops (maize, cassava cowpeas, etc.) Cash crops (coconuts, cashew nuts, etc.). The area of influence of the project is devoid of forest cover and the vegetation along the road is primarily composed of grasses, shrubs and scattered naturally occurring palm trees. Rodents like squirrel, rats, and reptiles like lizards and snakes are also present in the area. Bird species include wild pigeons, weaver birds, hawks, doves, and bush fowls. Bambara Junction – Bambara feeder road- the project road has no settlement along it. The locals are engaged in farming for their livelihood. They cultivate crops (rice, palm trees), tubers (like cassava, potatoes), legumes like groundnuts. They raise chickens and ducks for consumption purpose on a very small scale. The area of influence of the project has some sections with secondary forest cover, this forest mainly comprises fruit trees as well as other types of forest trees, including Mangifera indica Mango, Elaeis guineensis (oil palm), Artocarpus communis (bread fruit), cola nitida (the kola nut) and Citrus sinensis (orange). The vegetation along non-forested sections of the road is primarily composed of grasses, shrubs, scattered naturally occurring palm trees and bamboo trees along the inland valley swamps. Bird species include wild pigeons, owls, weaver birds, hawks, doves, and bush fowls. Yaweima - Saama feeder road- the project road is characterized by human activities, including settlement, limited agriculture activities and some livestock keeping mainly in the form of sheep, goats and chicken. Hence, the most common biological features include agricultural plants (predominantly subsistence farming) oil palm plantations, food crops (maize and cassava cowpeas) Cash crops (coconuts and cashew nuts). The area of influence of the project is devoid of forest cover and the vegetation along the road is primarily composed of grasses, shrubs and scattered naturally occurring palm trees. Rodents like squirrel, rats, and reptiles like lizards and snakes are also present in the area. Blama – Golahun -Vaama feeder road- the area of influence of the project is devoid of forest cover for most sections along the road. The vegetation along the road is primarily composed of trees, grasses, shrubs which are dispersed along the road. Ruminants like sheep and goat are raised on small scale for commercial purpose whilst chicken and ducks are raised for consumption by the inhabitants along the road corridor. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 84 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Swamp rice cultivation is active at some sections. The project road is characterized by human activities, including settlement and limited agricultural activities. Kenema – Komende - Vaahun feeder road- the project road is characterized by human activities, including settlement, limited agriculture activities and some livestock keeping mainly in the form of sheep, goats and chicken. Hence, the most common biological features include agricultural plants (predominantly subsistence farming) oil palm plantations, food crops (maize and cassava cowpeas) and cash crops (coconuts and cashew nuts). The area of influence of the project is devoid of forest cover and the vegetation along the road is primarily composed of grasses, shrubs and scattered naturally occurring palm trees. Rodents like squirrel, rats, and reptiles like lizards and snakes are also present in the area. Gbandalahun - Maina feeder road- the area of influence of the project has very thick forest cover and the vegetation along the road constitutes trees (like mahogany and walnuts), grasses (like wild banana leaves, centrosome, crab weed, sun flower etc.) shrubs, scattered naturally occurring palm trees and bamboo trees. The locals along the project road are mainly engaged in agricultural activities with cultivation of crops (cocoa, coffee palm trees), vegetables (like pepper, okra). There are monkeys, reptiles (like lizards and chameleons), rodents (squirrel and rats), and snakes are also present in the area. Sendumei - Jui feeder road- the project road traverses close to a reserved forest for most sections, hence human activities like farming are done off the road corridor. There is a reserve forest along Sendumei – Jui project road which stretches about 2km along the road. The forest is known as Tiwai forest reserve which can boast of primates (chimpanzees), birds, reptiles (like pythons) and other wild animals. The remaining sections of the area of influence of the project is devoid of forest cover and the vegetation along the road is primarily composed of grasses, shrubs and scattered naturally occurring palm trees. There are rodents and lagomorphs (like squirrel, rats, muss), birds, reptiles (like lizards and snakes) and primates are also present in the area. Yawaju - Woyama feeder road- the project road is characterized by agricultural activities like cultivation of vegetables and swamp rice cultivation on a very large scale. Ruminants like goats and sheep are raised on very small scale. The inhabitants along the road corridor are also engaged in fishing from ponds and streams. The area of influence of the project has thick forest cover, trees species include Terminalia ivorensis (the ronko tree), Musanga cecropioides (umbrella leaf tree), Morinda geminata (brimstone), scattered Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) and Ceiba pentandra (the Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 85 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE cotton tree). Fruit trees such as Dialum guineense (tramarind), psidium guajava (guava), Anisophyllea laurina (monkey apple) and Magnifera indica (mango) are also identified. The predominant vegetation along the road is primarily composed of grasses, shrubs. Rodents like squirrel, rats, and reptiles like lizards and snakes are also present in the area. Patama Dama - Kpandemei feeder road- the project road is prevalent by human activities, including settlement, limited agriculture activities and some livestock keeping mainly in the form of sheep, goats and chicken. Hence, the most common biological features include agricultural plants (predominantly subsistence farming), oil palm plantations, food crops (maize, cassava cowpeas, etc.) Cash crops (coconuts, cashew nuts, etc.). The area of influence of the project has forest cover and the vegetation along the road is primarily composed of grasses, shrubs and scattered naturally occurring palm trees. Rodents like squirrel, rats, and reptiles like lizards and snakes are also present in the area. Gbomgboma Junction - Leppiama feeder road- the project road is characterized by human activities, including settlement, limited agricultural activities and some livestock keeping mainly in the form of sheep, goats and chicken. Hence, the most common biological features include agricultural plants (predominantly subsistence farming) oil palm plantations, food crops (maize, cassava cowpeas, etc.) and cash crops (coconuts, cashew nuts, etc.). The area of influence of the project is devoid of forest cover and the vegetation along the road is primarily composed of grasses, shrubs and scattered naturally occurring palm trees. Rodents like squirrel, rats, and reptiles like lizards and snakes are also present in the area. Geima Dama – Kebawana feeder road- human activities are prevalent along this road, which include agricultural activities. The agricultural activities include cultivation of economic trees like cocoa, coffee and palm trees. The vicinity of the project has thick forest cover for most sections and the vegetation along the road is primarily composed of very tall trees, shrubs, and grasses. This area has different species of birds (like weevil birds, sparrow), rodents (squirrel, rats, muss), and reptiles (like lizards and snakes) are also present in the area. 4.7.6 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Level The main sources of noise in the project vicinity are traffic along the roads. Construction of road and associated groundworks for pavements are likely to be very limited. Excavation and particularly stock piling of burrow pit materials (laterite) could lead to local noise Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 86 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE affecting workers. Construction will include excavation; transportation of construction material and other equipment. The use of concrete mixer machines during concrete/structural works would lead to noise and gas emission. Those activities will lead to local air emissions, particularly from vehicles and dust blow. This will cause: (i) Fugitive dust emissions (ii) Exhaust emissions from (mainly diesel) vehicles and equipment such as temporary generators. Impacts of dust emissions from unpaved roads and gaseous emissions from vehicles and electricity generators will be local and can be temporarily significant at site entrances, requiring control and good management of delivery logistics during peak construction time. Greenhouse gas emissions during construction will be primarily from fuel consumption by equipment such as generators and trucks. Such quantities of emissions are expected to be low and linked directly to the amount of fuel used, and are anticipated to be significantly below 10 tonnes CO2. 4.7.7 Climatic Condition The climate here is tropical. Rainfall is significant for most months of the year, and the short dry season has little effect. According to Koppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as AM. In Kenema the average annual temperature is 25.7°C. About 2743mm of precipitation falls annually. The driest month is January with 15mm of rain. Most of the precipitation here falls in August, averaging 499mm. March is the warmest month of the year. The temperature in March averages 27C. August is the coldest month, with temperature averaging 24.1°C. There is a difference of precipitation between the driest and wettest months. Through the year temperatures vary by 2.9°C (climate-data.org/AM OP) 4.7.8 Socio-economic Baseline Data Kenema districts is ranked second, in crop production and has the largest numbers of households involved in upland rice farming. Kenema district recorded 4.3 per cent of national arable land under upland rice cultivation. As is the case with most rural settlements, a good number of the inhabitants in the project area are subsistence farmers mostly engaged in the cultivation of vegetables, rice and palm fruit for palm oil production. Cash crop production in the form of cocoa and coffee offer the subsistence farmers a way to earn hard currency along the project roads. Along all the roads these pantations are very visible and locally constructed dry floors are a constant feature as farmers process their harvest before taking them to commodities traders in kenema town. The settlements in the area of influence of the project and along the road alignment are clustered unplanned settlements. Toilet facilities are very basic with some houses and schools having pit Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 87 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE latrines. Those who cannot afford to construct a pit latrine make use of communal bushes as makeshift toilets. 4.7.8.1 Cultural sites In rural areas of Sierra Leone communities tend to have cultural heritage sites (bushes and cemeteries) which are used to train young men and women on the useful skills they will require to function as adults in their society/community. However, the cultural heritage sites in the communities situated along the road alignment are along Kenema – Komende – Vaahun and Blama – Golahun – Vaama project roads. These areas are situated very close to the alignment of the project roads. 4.7.8.2 Education There are both primary and secondary schools in Kailahun town, and primary schools at Kpetewoma-Yorvuhun, Geima Dama -Kebawana, Patama Dama – Kpandemei, Blama – Jowomei and Sendumei - Jui. There are also primary and secondary schools along Kenema – Komende – Vaahun, Blama – Golahun – Vaahun, Gbomgboma Junction – Leppiama. There are no schools along Bambara Junction – Bambara and Gbandalahun –Maina project roads. 4.7.8.3 Health There are health centers along Geima Dama -Kebawana, Blama – Jowomei, Sendumei – Jui, Kenema – Komende – Vaahun, Blama – Golahun – Vaahun, Gbomgboma Junction – Leppiama. There are health centres along Bambara Junction – Bambara and Gbandalahun –Maina project roads. The prevalent diseases in the project area includes malaria, typhoid, diarrhea, tuberculosis and intestinal worms, this can primarily be attributed to mosquito bites, eating of contaminated foods and drinking from unsafe water sources. 4.7.8.4 Energy There is an operational hydroelectric power source of energy supply to the district head quarter town, and Blama which is the chiefdom headquarter town of Small Bo Chiefdom. Very few inhabitants along project roads have access to generators which they use on commercial basis to charge mobile phones. Inhabitants along those project roads use flash lights at nights. Fire wood and charcoal are the main sources of energy in these remote rural communities. They are used by residents to prepare meals and also commercial palm oil production. 4.8 Kono District Road Roads Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 88 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE I. Sewafe-Madina II. Babakunaya Junction-kayima III. Yardu-Yeikuma IV. Kayima-Feomagado 4.8.1 Topography and Physiology The project roads are located in four chiefdoms namely; Nimiyama (Sewafe-Madina), Gbense, Kamara (Yardu-Yeikuma) and Sandor (Kayima-Feomagado). These areas are relatively hilly terrain and undulating topography on an elevation of 300 to 450m above sea level with few sections being in well drained inland valley swamps. Most of the swamp areas are used for rice farming. The topography of the project areas is typical of the Koinadugu and Kono Plateaus (KKP). The area around Babakunaya Junction-kayima is rolling with heights between 100 to 200m above sea level while the Sefadu/Koidu and its environs are characterized by heights between 370m and 400m above sea level. The topography of the area is very undulating with most areas being at fairly high elevation while others being in poorly drained inland valley swamps. Sewafe-Madina is relatively flat terrain throughout the entire etretch of the road alignment. 4.8.2 Hydrology and Drainage The area from Matotoka to Makali is drained by numerous streams, whilst between Masingbi and Njaiama Sewafe there are main water catchments; the area being drained by the Sewa the Falima Rivers plus other small streams. From Njaiama Sewafe to Sefadu the tributaries of the Sewa and the Meya Rivers are the main water catchments. From the hydrological point of view, there are a few sections on the road project with fairly serious drainage issues but with appropriate drainage facilities such as box culverts to be installed, no flooding will be expected. All the project roads in the districts are poorly drained, drainage structures are absent and the drainage pattern generally follow the surface topography. This leads to streams forming at low points intersecting two highs as was obsevered at numerous points along Babakunaya Junction – Kayima and Yardu – Yeikuma feeder roads. 4.8.3 Water Source The entire Kono district is on poor footing for water source, as its belt in plateau region. Sewafe - Madina feeder road: Sewafe, the chiefdom head quarter town for Nimiyama chiefdom and the start of project road get domestic water supply from pipe born while Madina community which is at the end of project road get source of water supply from streams/rivers. The existing gravity dam that used to supply Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 89 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE pipe borne water at Madina has been contaminated by mining activities in the area. There are two crossing point along the project road. Babakunaya Junction - Kayima feeder road: This project road host over twenty communities, among this twenty only Kayima town has pipe born water as a source of drinking water. Other communities along the project road get their source of water from boreholes, hand dug-wells and wells and some of which tend to dry up during the dry season. To supplement this, many use water from the streams/rivers for domestic purposes such as bathing, laundry and for drinking purposes. There are fourteen crossing points/ streams along the road alignment including inland valley swamps. Yardu – Yeikuma feeder road: The communities along this road get their domestic water supply from boreholes, shallow hand dug wells and streams/rivers, the boreholes have hand pumps installed to bring the water to the surface. During the dry season these wells get dry up leaving the communities facing challenges with water for domestic purposes. There are also streams or swamps along the road alignment or in its area of influence. Kayima - Feomagado feeder road: Kayima, the chiefdom head quarter town of Sandor and the start of project road get source of water from pipe born while Feomagado community which is at the end of project road get source of water from streams/rivers. There are six crossing points/ streams along the road alignment or in its area of influence. 4.8.4 Geology The general geology of the project area is predominantly of archean greenstone granite. Rocks of this type form the greater part of the granite greenstone in the eastern half of Sierra Leone extending North and East into Guinea and Liberia respectively. The greenstone of the Liberian event has been referred to as the Sula group which consist of a large variety of metamorphic rocks of both igneous and sedimentary parentage e.g. serpentines, Kambui schists and iron-stones. Rocks of the Sula Mountain form the Sula group, Kangari hills, Gori hills and the Nimini hills. Rock outcrops are visible along all the roads in this district, having been exposed by aggressive erosion activities with numerous igneous rocks observed along Babakunaya Junction – Kayima and kayima- Feomagado while Sewafe-Madina mainly outcropped metamorphic rocks. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 90 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.8.5 Biodiversity Sewafe – Madina feeder road: The project road is dominated by grassland with few kilometers of farm land bushes (secondary forest). The road is characterized by human activities, including settlement, limited agriculture activities and some livestock keeping mainly in the form of sheep, goats and domestic fowl. In this regard, the most common biological features include agricultural plants (predominantly subsistence farming), oil palm fruits, food crops (maize, cassava, cocoyam banana, etc.) Cash crops (cocoa, coffee). During the community consultations on the environmental social and health impact assessment (ESHIA), the main animal groups present in the project area are squirrel, rat, lizards and snakes. No animal groups were reported to be rare. There are also no national parks or protected areas in the project area. Babakunaya Junction - Kayima feeder road: The dominant vegetation in the project road is mainly of primary forest which stretches about thirty-seven kilometers (37km). The remaining stretch is covered with grassland. The wetlands are the home of varieties swamp cactus plants, ferns, raffia palms, wide cocoa leaves and fresh water fishes. There are sections along the road with farms growing coffee, cocoa and oil palm plantations. The project area is characterized by human activities, including settlement and agricultural activities. The agricultural activities mainly focusing on the cultivation of inland and swamp rice farming, oil palm fruits, food crops (ground nuts, cassava, cocoyam, pineapple, oranges, soya beans), cash crops (cocoa, coffee), the keeping of sheep, goats, domestic fowl and ducks. During the community consultations on the environmental social and health impact assessment (ESHIA), the main animal groups present in the project area are squirrel, rat, lizards and snakes. No animal groups were reported to be rare. There are also no national parks or protected areas in the project area. Yardu – Yeikuma feeder road: This road is vastly dominated with grassland vegetation and few kilometers of farm land bushes (secondary forest). The dominancy is due to intensive mining activities which have resulted in changing of vegetation as grasses are on the increase. The road is characterized by human activities, including settlement, limited agriculture activities and some livestock keeping mainly in the form of sheep, goats and domestic fowl. In this regard, the most common biological features include agricultural plants (predominantly subsistence farming), oil palm fruits, food crops (maize, cassava, potato,) cash crops (cocoa, coffee). Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 91 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE During the community consultations on the environmental social and health impact assessment (ESHIA), the main animal groups present in the project area are squirrel, rat, lizards and snakes. No animal groups were reported to be rare. There are also no national parks or protected areas in the project area. Kayima - Feomagado feeder road: This project road is dominated by secondary forest vegetation. The vegetation is dense with combination of soft and hard wood. The wetlands are the home of varieties swamp fern plants, wide cocoa leaves and fresh water fishes. The project area is characterized by human activities, including settlement and agricultural activities. The agricultural activities mainly focusing on the cultivation of inland rice farming, oil palm fruits, food crops (maize, cassava, cocoyam, cowpeas), cash crops (cocoa, coffee), the keeping of sheep, goats, domestic fowl. During the community consultations on the environmental social and health impact assessment (ESHIA), the main animal groups present in the project area were monkeys and birds. No animal groups were reported to be rare. There are also no national parks or protected areas in the project area. 4.8.6 Ambient Air quality and Noise Level Ambient air quality guidelines and standards for inhalable particles or PM10 (i.e. particulates with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm or less) are presented in Table 8. PM10 provides a measure of respirable dust, which has the potential to affect human health when inhaled. The baseline dust levels/Particulate Matter (PM10) in the air was recorded within locations in the settlements closest to the road corridor in December 2018. The measurements were recorded at different times of the day using a portable micro-dust pro aerosol monitoring system. Appendix 4 presents the average PM10 levels measured along the proposed route. Recorded values range from 11 µg/m3 to 61 µg/m3. Whilst a direct comparison between the measured average values and the World Health Organisation (WHO) maximum 24-hour concentration or annual average concentration guideline levels is not possible, it provides some context to the observed dust levels. Direct comparison is not possible due to the fact that readings taken during the studies are instantaneous readings while the WHO standard values are an average over a 24-hour period. Most (85.7%) of the measurements taken during the current assessment of the Project area are below the World Health Organisation (WHO) air quality standards stipulated maximum threshold of 50 µg/m3 over 24 hours. 25% of the average measurements taken in the current assessment were above the WHO air quality standards stipulated annual average concentration of 20 µg/m3. Dry weather at the time of measurement and the fact that the existing road is lateritic with dust easily generated from vehicular traffic, wind and other community activities contributed to seasonally high dust levels. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 92 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Noise levels (dBA) were measured and the range of levels recorded within and around the project area in the settlements closest to the road corridor in December 2018 (appendix 4). The measurements were recorded at different times of the day using a hand-held Lutron sound level meter. Whilst direct comparison between instantaneous measured noise values (dBA) and the World Bank ‘One Hour LAeq’ limits (as per Table 10) is not possible, it provides some context to observed noise levels and potential impacts. Direct comparison is not possible due to the fact that readings taken during this study are instantaneous readings while the WB standard values are taken over period of 1-hour. Table 8: World Bank limits noise level guidelines for maximum outdoor noise level dBA Receptor Noise level One Hour LAeq (dBA) (Type of district) Daytime Night-time 07:00 – 22:00 22:00 – 07:00 d) Residential; 55 45 institutional; educational e) Industrial; commercial 70 70 Measured noise levels in the Project area ranged from 40 – 73 dBA and are summarised in appendix 4. 4.8.7 Climatic Condition All the project areas experience similar climatic condition to that of the district (Kono), with mean annual temperature of 260C ranging from a minimum of 220C in august to a maximum of 350C in February. The mean annual rainfall for project environs is 1800mm. The project areas experience similar climatic seasons with district (Kono) namely; wet and dry seasons. The dry season is from November to April while the dry season is from the months of May to October. 4.8.8. Socio- economic baseline data Kono district is the largest diamond producing district in Sierra Leone, gold and alluvial diamond mining is important economic activities of the residents. The residents along the project roads are mostly engaged in alluvial diamond mining in swamps and at abandoned diamond mines. There are also some who are engaged in illicit gold mining activites. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 93 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Agricultural activities are also a major source of income with cocoa and coffee being the main cash crops produced in the area of influence of the project. But the agricultural activities come at a distant second place to the mining activities. The settlements in the area of influence of the project and along the road alignment are clustered unplanned settlements. Toilet facilities are very basic with some houses and schools having pit latrines. Those who cannot afford to construct a pit latrine make use of communal bushes as makeshift toilets. 4.8.8.1 Cultural sites In rural areas of Sierra Leone communities tend to have cultural heritage sites (bushes and cemeteries) which are used to train young men and women on the useful skills they will require to function as adults in their society/community. However, majority of the cultural heritage sites in the communities situated along the road alignment of Sewafe- Madina, Yardu-Yeikuma and Kayima-Feomagado feeder roads are not in close proximity of the project except for Babakunaya Junction-Kayima which has one site along the road alignment. Hence, they will not be affected by project activities. 4.8.8.2 Education For project areas, there are seventeen (17) schools with thirteen (13) primaries, three (3) junior secondary and one (1) senior secondary schools recorded during the community consultations on the ESHIA. Four (4) primary with one (1) secondary schools along Yardu – Yeikuma feeder road, six (6) primary with two (2) secondary schools along Babakunaya Junction-Kayima feeder road, one (1) primary school along Kayima- Feomagado feeder road and two (2) primary with one (1) secondary schools along Sewafe-Madina feeder road. Few of the schools have boreholes with a hand pump installed while majority relies on water collected from their host community mostly from seasonal streams/swamps or hand dug wells. There are also few schools with football fields in close proximity to the project alignment. 4.8.8.3 Health There are eight (8) health centers along the project corridor that cater for the residents living in the project areas. One (1) health center at Sewafe-Madina; four (4) at Babakunaya Junction-Kayima; two (2) at Yardu-Yeikuma and one (1) at Kayima-Feomagado. The prevalent disease in the project area is primarily malaria, inadequate sanitation facilities coupled with unsafe water sources increases the risk of water-borne diseases such as diarrhoea, typhoid, dysentery and cholera. A report of zoonotic disease infections from the community consultations was also noted. There is no health center in close proximity to road alignment; hence they will not be affected by project activities. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 94 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.8.8.4 Energy From the community consultations, all the project areas are devoid of electricity or modern energy services, though the rural electricfication project is underway at two settlements namely; Tombodu (settlement along Yardu-Yeikuma feeder road) and Kayima (settlement along Babakunaya Junction- Kayima feeder road). The dominant energy sources are those of traditional biomass in the form of wood (74.9%), charcoal (23.6%) and saw dust (0.19%). Hence, there will be no damage to power lines or existing infrastructure due to project intervention. 4.9 Kailahun District I. Borbu – Jorlu II. Mopama – Nyanyahun III. Kailahun – Baoma IV. Ngiehun – Mende Bumer V. Bandajuma – Kosiala VI. Mandu Junction – Kpeje Baoma 4.9.1 Topography and Physiology The project roads Borbu – Jorlu, Mopama – Nyanyahun, Kailahun – Baoma, Ngiehun-Mende Bumer, Bandajuma-Kosiala all lie in close proximity to one another in Luawa Chiefdom. Mandu Junction-Kpeje Baoma is situated in Kpeje West Chiefdom which is of considerable distance from the other set of roads. The project roads are characterized by steep elevations except Mopama – Nyanyahun which has gentle slopes. 4.9.2 Hydrology and Drainage Hydrology is a key element of the aquatic environment because it is directly related to other ecosystem components, including surface water quality, fish habitat, and aquatic resources. Approximately 9 water bodies were identified, including two distinct rivers and 10 smaller streams. Stream flow is predominantly in an EastWest direction across the alignment of the proposed route. Vast hectares of wetlands occur throughout the Project area, commonly referred to as inland valley swamps. These systems hold significant hydrological significance. The general drainage of the area follows these trends while local patterns are dependent on topography that varies from undulating characteristics on higher grounds to ragged and sloppy land forms. There are several seasonal (rain-filled) streams and in-land valley swamps which usually lasts for short periods after the rains stops. Some of these streams serve several domestic and agricultural purposes. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 95 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.9.2 Water Sources Kailahun district has abundant fresh water streams with the project roads being of no exception. Some of the streams are seasonal, whilst others run throughout the year but these are not being adequately harvested for the benefit of the communities that constitute the district. Pipe borne water is absent along the project roads as the communities along the project roads rely on shallow hand dug wells for their domestic water use. Mopama – Nyanyahun feeder road- Mopama is a section in Kailahun town. There are hand dug wells at Mopama and Nyanyahun communities. There is no hand dug well in Gandon, were the community use nearby streams as source of drinking water. There are swamps along the road alignment. Kailahun - Baoma feeder road- there are boreholes at Baoma and Kailahun Town. Manjama hamlet, Potehun, Kpendebu and Tagabu use streams as their principal source of surface drinking water. Some of these streams tend to dry up during the dries. These streams are also used for other purposes like laundry, bathing. Ngiehun – Mende Bumer feeder road- there are hand pumps at Ngiehun community and gravity water source at Mende Bumer which are used as major sources of Water supply for the communities. There are streams and swamps along the road alignment. Borbu - Jorlu feeder road- there are hand dug wells in Borbu and Sakeima along the road, whilst Jorlu community use a stream as a source of water for their domestic uses. Existing streams along the road are also used for processing of Palm oil, laundry and bathing. Bandajuma – Kosiala feeder road- the communities along this road get their domestic water supply from shallow hand dug wells and existing streams. Most of the wells along the project roads run dry as the water table tends to recede during the dry season. There are few swamps along the road alignment or in its area of influence. Mandu Junction – Kpeje Baoma feeder road- there are hand pumps at Kpeje Baoma, Madina and Konia which are communities along the project road. Existing streams are used as source of water for watering of vegetables, laundry and bathing. 4.9.4 Geology The project area is located within the stratigraphic unit of the granitic basement complex which occupies the greater part of the country. It represents part of an ancient continental nucleus located on the edge of the West Africa Craton. The rocks of the project area are composed mainly of Biotite Mica 40%, Quartz 30% and Plagioclase Feldspars 20% as the primary minerals also Muscovite 4%, K-Feldspars 4% and amphibole 2% as secondary minerals. The outcrops along the project roads are of similar types and the rock composed almost entirely felsic minerals with medium-grained texture. Presumably the rock is called BIOTITE GRANITE. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 96 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE The weathering effect on the surface rocks is not so distinct but as you drilled to depth there is a link between the underlying geological material and the subsequent soils formed. Clearly, the soil composition was inherited probably from minerals within the parent material during weathering and soil formation. The primary minerals (Biotite Mica, Quartz and Plagioclase Feldspars) come directly from the typical lithology of the area. The clayey soils were derived from rocks whose constituent have completely break down while the sandy soils were obviously derived from Quartz minerals. Also, at a significant depth, there were Quartzite rock boulders which contain 95% of Quartz minerals as clearly shown from the excavations carried out for previous and ongoing projects in the project area like the ongoing Pendembu - Kailahun highway. 4.9.5 Biodiversity Borbu - Jorlu feeder road- the project road is characterized by human activities, like limited agriculture activities and some livestock keeping mainly in the form of goats and chicken. Hence, the most common biological features include agricultural plants (predominantly subsistence farming) oil palm plantations, Coca, coffee, food crops (maize, cassava, cowpeas, etc.) The area of influence of the project has forest cover and the vegetation along the road comprises trees (coconut, palm trees, mahogany and walnuts) and grasses (elephant grass and sensitive mimosa). Rodents and lagomorphs like squirrel, porcupines, rats and reptiles like lizards and snakes are also present in the area. Bandajuma - Kosiala feeder road- human activities are prevalent along this road, which include agricultural activities. The agricultural activities include cultivation of economic trees like cocoa, coffee and palm trees. The area of influence of the project has thick forest cover and the vegetation along the road is primarily composed of very tall trees, shrubs and grasses. Rodents like squirrel, rats and reptiles like lizards and snakes are also present in the area. Mandu Junction – Kpeje Baoma feeder road- the inhabitants along this road are mainly engaged in activities, like limited agricultural activities and some livestock keeping mainly in the form of goats, sheep and chicken. Hence, the most common biological features include agricultural plants (predominantly subsistence farming) oil palm plantations, Coca, coffee, food crops (maize, cassava and cowpeas). These could be seen along the corridor the project road. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 97 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE The area of influence of the project has forest cover and the vegetation along the road comprises trees (coconut, palm trees, mahogany and walnuts) and grasses (elephant grass and sensitive mimosa). Rodents and lagomorphs like squirrel, porcupines, rats, and reptiles like lizards and snakes are also present in the area. Ngiehun – Mende Bumer feeder road- human activities are prevalent along this road, which include agricultural activities. The agricultural activities include cultivation of economic trees like cocoa, coffee and palm trees. The area of influence of the project has thick forest cover for most sections and the vegetation along the road is primarily composed of very tall trees, shrubs and grasses. Rodents like squirrel, rats, and reptiles like lizards and snakes are also present in the area. Kailahun –Baoma feeder road- the inhabitants along this road are mainly engaged in activities, like limited agricultural activities and some livestock keeping mainly in the form of goats, sheep and chicken. In this regard, the most common biological features include agricultural plants (predominantly subsistence farming), oil palm plantations, Coca, coffee, food crops (maize, cassava and cowpeas). These could be seen along the corridor the project road. The area of influence of the project has forest cover and the vegetation along the road comprises trees (coconut, palm trees, mahogany and walnuts) and grasses (elephant grass and sensitive mimosa). Rodents and lagomorphs like squirrel, porcupines, rats, and reptiles like lizards and snakes are also present in the area. Mopama – Nyanyahun feeder road- human activities are prevalent along this road, which include agricultural activities. The agricultural activities include cultivation of economic trees like cocoa, coffee, palm trees etc. The area of influence of the project has thick forest cover for most sections and the vegetation along the road is primarily composed of very tall trees, shrubs, grasses. This area has different species like, Rodents (squirrel, rats), and reptiles (like lizards and snakes) are also present in the area. 4.9.6 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Level Ambient air quality guidelines and standards for inhalable particles or PM10 (i.e. particulates with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm or less) are presented in Table 8. PM10 provides a measure of Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 98 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE respirable dust, which has the potential to affect human health when inhaled. The baseline dust levels/Particulate Matter (PM10) in the air was recorded within locations in the settlements closest to the road corridor in December 2018. The measurements were recorded at different times of the day using a portable micro-dust pro aerosol monitoring system. WB / IFC Guidelines1 Maximum 24-hour Average Concentration Concentration Units µg/m3 µg/m3 Interim Target 12 150 70 Interim Target 23 100 50 Interim Target 34 75 30 Guideline5 50 20 1. WB / IFC, 2007. General EHS guidelines: Environmental. Air emissions and ambient air quality. 2. Interim target-1 (IT-1) – These levels are associated with about a 15 % higher long-term mortality risk relative to the AQG (WHO Air Quality Guideline) level. 3. Interim target-2 (IT-2) – In addition to the other health benefits, these levels lower the risk of premature mortality by approximately 6% [2-11%] relative to the IT-2 level. 4. Interim target-3 (IT-3) – In addition to the other health benefits, these levels reduce the mortality risk by approximately 6% [2-11 %] relative to the IT-2 level. 5. Guideline (AQG) – In addition to the lowest levels at which total cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality have been shown to increase with more than 95 %confidence in response to long term exposure to PM2.5 Interim targets are provided by WB / IFC in recognition of the need for a staged approach to achieving the recommended guidelines. Appendix 4 presents the average PM10 levels measured along the proposed route. Recorded values range from 11 µg/m3 to 260 µg/m3. Whilst a direct comparison between the measured average values and the World Health Organisation (WHO) maximum 24-hour concentration or annual average concentration guideline levels is not possible, it provides some context to the observed dust levels. Direct comparison is not possible due to the fact that readings taken during the studies are instantaneous readings while the WHO standard values are an average over a 24-hour period. Most (83%) of the measurements taken during the current assessment of the Project area are below the World Health Organisation (WHO) air quality standards stipulated maximum threshold of 50 µg/m3 over 24 hours. 33% of the average measurements taken in the current assessment were above the WHO air quality standards stipulated annual average concentration of 20 µg/m3. Dry weather at the time of measurement and the fact that the existing road is lateritic with dust easily generated from vehicular traffic, wind and other community activities contributed to seasonally high dust levels. Noise levels (dBA) were measured and the range of levels recorded within and around the project area in the settlements closest to the road corridor in December 2018 (appendix 4). The measurements were recorded at different times of the day using a hand-held Lutron sound level meter. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 99 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Whilst direct comparison between instantaneous measured noise values (dBA) and the World Bank ‘One Hour LAeq’ limits (as per Table 10) is not possible, it provides some context to observed noise levels and potential impacts. Direct comparison is not possible due to the fact that readings taken during this study are instantaneous readings while the WB standard values are taken over period of 1-hour. Receptor Noise level One Hour LAeq (dBA) (Type of district) Daytime Night-time 07:00 – 22:00 22:00 – 07:00 f) Residential; 55 45 institutional; educational g) Industrial; commercial 70 70 Measured noise levels in the Project area ranged from 36 – 80 dBA and are summarised in appendix 4. 4.9.7 Climatic Condition Kailahun district has a tropical climate. During most months of the year, there is significant rainfall in Kailahun. There is only a short dry season. This location is classified as Am by Koppen and Geiger. The average annual temperature in Kailahun is 25.4°C. About 2679mm of precipitation falls annually. The driest month is January, with 14mm of rainfall. Most precipitation falls in September, with an average of 440mm. The warmest month in the year falls is March, with an average temperature of 26.9°C in August, the average temperature is 24.2°C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year. The difference in temperature between the driest month and the wettest month is 426mm. The average temperatures vary during the year by 2.7°C. (Climate-data.org/AM OP) 4.9.8 Socio-economic Baseline Data The vast majority of the inhabitants in the project area do subsistence farming for their livelihoods. They cultivate crops like cocoa, palm trees, coffee, rice (both swamp and inland), vegetables (like pepper, okra), tubers (like cassava, potatoes). Cash crop production, cocoa and coffee is the mainstay of the communities along the project roads. The fertile soils along the project road alignment are well cultivated, with rows of cash crops clearly visible along all the project roads in the district. The harvests are mainly transported to kenema town where they are sold to local commodities traders. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 100 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE The settlements in the area of influence of the project and along the road alignment are mostly clustered unplanned settlements. In the rural areas, the use of pit latrine (68.3%) is followed by the use of communal bush/river bed (31.7%) (Statistic SL). Toilet facilities are very basic with some houses and schools having pit latrines. Those who cannot afford to construct a pit latrine make use of communal bushes as makeshift toilets. 4.9.8.1 Cultural sites In rural areas of Sierra Leone communities tend to have cultural heritage sites (bushes and cemeteries) which are used to train young men and women on the useful skills they will require to function as adults in their society/community. There are cultural sites along Bandajuma - Kosiala, Borbu – jorlu, Mandu Junction – Kpeje Baoma. However, the cultural heritage sites in the communities situated along the project roads mentioned above are not in the area of influence of the project. Hence, they will not be affected by project activities. 4.9.8.2 Education There are both primary and secondary schools in Kailahun town, and primary schools in Bandajuma - Kosiala, Borbu - Jorlu, Ngiehun – Mende Bumer, Mandu Junction- Kpeje Baoma. Inhabitants along project roads send their children to Kailahun town for secondary education. The schools in the district have basic toilet facilities which are used by pupils during school hours. 4.9.8.3 Health There are health centers at Kailahun town, Ngiehun, Mende Bumer and Kpeje Baoma. Inhabitants along Bandajuma – Kosiala, Borbu – Jorlu, Mopama-Nyanyahun project roads travel to either Pendembu or Kailahun town for medical attention. The prevalent diseases along project roads are malaria, typhoid and diarrhea. These diseases can primarily be attributed to mosquito bites and the drinking of water from unsafe sources. The health centers/PHU will not be affected by construction activites as they are not close to the areas were construction will occur. 4.9.8.4 Energy There is no electricity supply to the district. Very few inhabitants along project roads have access to generators which they use on commercial basis to charge mobile phones. Inhabitants use flash lights at nights. For domestic purposes residents in the project area mainly use firewood and charcoal as their primary source of energy to prepare food and process palm fruit to produce palm oil. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 101 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.10 Bonthe District Road Names I. Tihun – Gerehun II. Kanga – Nyandehun Kanga III. Wolleh – Mende IV. Wolleh – Griema V. Sogbaleh – Bengeh VI. Kpandebu – Tongoleh VII. Manjama – Peliwahun 4.10. 1 Topography and Physiology Kanga – Nyandehun Kanga, Wolleh – Mende, Wolleh – Griema, Sogbaleh – Bengeh, and Kpandebu – Tongoleh all lie in close proximity to each other in Bum Chiefdom. While Tihun – Gerehun in Sogbeni Chiefdom lie far apart from the other project roads in the district. This area is relatively flat terrain with few sections of gently undulating topography. The topography of the area is typical of the ‘Boli’ and ‘Bati’ land with the terrain flowing down from the lowlands that straddles the middle ground between the creeks/mangrove swamps that empty into the Atlantic Ocean. Tihun – Gerehun feeder road traverses two inland valley swamps along which bridge and box culvert has been proposed to be constructed as part of the spot improvement project. Kanga – Nyandehun Kanga feeder road traverses an inland valley swamp along which box culvert has been proposed to be constructed as part of the spot improvement project. Wolleh – Mende feeder road traverses two inland valley swamps along which box and pipe culverts have been proposed to be constructed as part of the spot improvement project. Wolleh – Griema feeder road transverses two inland valley swamps along which bridge and pipe culverts have been proposed to be constructed as part of the spot improvement project. Sogbaleh – Bengeh feeder road traverses two inland valley swamps along which box and pipe culverts have been proposed to be constructed as part of the spot improvement project. Kpandebu – Tongoleh feeder road traverses an inland valley swamp along which box culvert has been proposed as part of the spot improvement project. Manjama – Peliwahun feeder road transverses an inland valley swamp along which bridge and box culvert has been proposed to be constructed as part of the spot improvement project. 4.10.2 Hydrology and Drainage. The Jong/Taia River constitutes the major drainage system in the project area. The Jong River drains from the Sula Mountains and Kangari Hills in the north central of Sierra Leone. The main tributaries include: Tikote, Kapui, Kwiva, Kati, Kpeyei, and Kwasi. They all flow in a southerly direction in a series of zig-zag and meanders that reflect the lines of structural weaknesses. In nearly all cases, the drainage basins do not follow the Crestline of the two ridges but are imprinted Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 102 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE on lower ground on the inland side of the ridges. Some of these basins have developed into inland valley swamps in their head and middle waters. From Mano Dasse to Mattru, the river flows southerly in a series of meanders crossing the Mokanji Gbonge ridge in a steep sided valley. At Wubange, it meanders south and it is joined by the Tikote river draining east from Gbangbama Hills; then by the Kwiva, which drains southwest from a flatland area around Serabu and crosses the Gbonge ridge in a deep valley at Badui. Some of these drainage patterns have developed into numerous inland valley swamps in their head and middle waters. The swamps tend to be long and narrow and are generally flanked by convex slopes. Actual widths of these swamps vary considerably, but the average is about 60m wide while the lengths of individual segments are usually between 3 and 5km. Many of the swamps dry up entirely in the dry season and those with low gradients become flooded in the wet season with a low rate of discharge. 4.10.3 Water Sources Bonthe District has abundant fresh water streams within the district. There is no pipe borne water supply along the project roads. Communities along the project roads source water from streams (some are seasonal) and hand dug wells. Water supply is always a challenge for some communities along the road as most streams dry up during dry seasons. Tihun – Gerehun feeder road- the communities along this road get their domestic water supply from hand dug wells. There is an existing river situated very close to Tihun which is used for other domestic purposes (like laundry, bathing and processing of palm oil). Kanga – Nyandehun Kanga feeder road- the communities along this road get their domestic water supply from hand dug wells and hand pumps. Existing streams are not used for drinking purposes, but are used processing of palm oil, fermentation of cassava during the processing of foofoo, watering of vegetables and laundry. Wolleh – Mende feeder road- the communities along this road get their domestic water supply from hand dug wells. Existing streams are only used for laundry, processing of palm oil and watering of vegetables. Wolleh – Griema feeder road- the communities along this road get their domestic water supply from hand dug wells. Existing streams are only used for laundry, processing of palm oil and watering of vegetables. Sogbaleh – Bengeh feeder road- the communities along this road get their domestic water supply from hand dug wells and streams. During the dries as the water table lowers down the inhabitants use existing streams as source of water for their domestic uses. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 103 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Kpandebu – Tongoleh feeder road- the communities along this road get their domestic water supply from hand dug wells and hand pumps. Existing streams are not used for drinking purposes, but are used processing of palm oil, fermentation of cassava during the processing of foofoo, watering of vegetables and laundry. Manjama – Peliwahun feeder road- the inhabitants along the project road use nearby streams as source of water supply. There are no operational boreholes along this project road. The use streams as a major source of drinking water and other domestic works like laundry and bathing. 4.10.4 Geology The geological formations (Precambrian age) found in the project area have a general NNW –SSE strike and dipping in a West-South-West direction. Bauxite mineralization in the Bonthe district is a result of tropical weathering of alumina-rich facies rocks of the Kasila belt. The bauxite in the project area is derived mainly from anorthosites (Mokanji type with 53-56% Al203), leuco-gabbro (Gondama standard type with 52-54% Al203), norite (Gondama 47-49% Al203) and hornblende/hypersthene gneisses (Mokanji West type with 45-48% Al203). These deposits do not form a continuous ore body but rather, a chain of deposits with topographically controlled breaks in echelon to one another (Mackenzie, 1961). 4.10.5 Biodiversity Tihun – Gerehun feeder road- there are evidences of human activities along the project roads mainly agriculture. The inhabitants along the road cultivate crops like rice, oil palm and cassava. There is an existing river along the road which is used for fishing by communities situated along the river course. Fishes harvested are mainly Oreochromus Esculentus, Siluridae, red breast tilapia, electrophorus esculentus and Brachyuran. The inhabitants also rear ruminants like sheep and goat in small quantities for commercial and consumption purposes. They also rear cattle in very small quantity. They also raise ducks and chickens for consumption purposes. The vicinity of the project area has forest sections and sections without forest cover. The flora comprises of forest trees, shrubs, wild banana leaves, pennisetum Purpureum. There are rodents like squirrel, muss, giant rats, monkeys, Iguanas, lizards and snakes within forest areas. Kanga – Nyandehun Kanga feeder road- the inhabitants along the project road are engaged in agricultural activities like cultivation of crops, fish farming and rearing of animals. The locals along the road cultivate crops like tubers (mainly cassava and yams); rice (both swamp and inland). The vicinity of the project area has forest sections and sections without thick forest cover. The flora comprises of forest tall trees, shrubs, Axonopus compressus, stenotaphrum, Aspillia Africana. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 104 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE There are rodents like squirrel, muss, giant rats, lizards and snakes within forest areas. Wolleh – Mende feeder road- human activities along the project road is apparent, mainly agricultural activities. The inhabitants along the road cultivate crops like rice, cassava and yams. The vicinity of the project area has forest sections and sections devoid of forests. The flora comprises of forest tall trees, shrubs, wild banana leaves, pennisetum Purpureum. There are rodents like squirrel, muss, giant rats, monkeys, lizards and snakes within forest areas. Wolleh – Griema feeder road- the locals along the project road are mostly farmers with very few being traders. They are engaged in subsistence farming like cultivation of swamp rice, vegetables (like pepper), and tubers (like cassava, potatoes). The vicinity of the project area has thick forest cover. The flora comprises of tall trees (Walnuts, Mahogany), shrubs and grass (wild banana leaves, pennisetum Purpureum). There are monkeys, rodents like squirrel, muss, giant rats, lizards and snakes within forest areas. Sogbaleh – Bengeh feeder road- there are evidences of human activities along the project roads mainly agricultural activities. The project road has considerable length bounded by swamps which are utilized every year for swamp rice farming. They also cultivate palm trees which are used for production of palm oil. The vicinity of the project area has forest cover for most sections of the project road. The fauna constitutes Iguana, delicatissima, monkeys, snakes, giant rats, and squirrel. Kpandebu – Tongoleh feeder road- there are human activities along the project road mainly agricultural activities. The inhabitants along the road cultivate crops like rice, cassava, potatoes, and yams groundnuts. They also raise ducks and chickens for consumption purposes. The vicinity of the project area has forest sections. The floras comprise forest trees, shrubs and grasses. There are rodents like squirrel, muss, giant rats, monkeys, Iguanas, lizards and snakes within forest areas. Manjama – Peliwahun feeder road- there are evidences of human activities along the project roads mainly agricultural activities. The inhabitants along the road cultivate crops like rice, cassava, yams, groundnut, and maize. They are also engaged in fish farming during the dries. Fishes harvested are mainly Oreochromus Esculentus, Siluridae, and Brachyuran. The inhabitants also rear small ruminants like sheep and goat in small quantities for commercial and consumption purposes. They also raise ducks and chickens for consumption purposes. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 105 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE The vicinity of the project area has forest sections and sections devoid of forests. The flora comprises of forest trees, shrubs, Aspilla Africana, pennisetum Purpureum. There are rodents like squirrel, muss, giant rats, monkeys, guanos, lizards and snakes within forest areas. 4.10.6 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Level Ambient air quality guidelines and standards for inhalable particles or PM10 (i.e. particulates with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm or less) are presented in Table 8. PM10 provides a measure of respirable dust, which has the potential to affect human health when inhaled. The baseline dust levels/Particulate Matter (PM10) in the air was recorded within locations in the settlements closest to the road corridor in December 2018. The measurements were recorded at different times of the day using a portable micro-dust pro aerosol monitoring system. WB / IFC Guidelines1 Maximum 24-hour Average Concentration Concentration Units µg/m3 µg/m3 Interim Target 12 150 70 Interim Target 23 100 50 Interim Target 34 75 30 Guideline5 50 20 6. WB / IFC, 2007. General EHS guidelines: Environmental. Air emissions and ambient air quality. 7. Interim target-1 (IT-1) – These levels are associated with about a 15 % higher long-term mortality risk relative to the AQG (WHO Air Quality Guideline) level. 8. Interim target-2 (IT-2) – In addition to the other health benefits, these levels lower the risk of premature mortality by approximately 6% [2-11%] relative to the IT-2 level. 9. Interim target-3 (IT-3) – In addition to the other health benefits, these levels reduce the mortality risk by approximately 6% [2-11 %] relative to the IT-2 level. 10. Guideline (AQG) – In addition to the lowest levels at which total cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality have been shown to increase with more than 95 %confidence in response to long term exposure to PM2.5 Interim targets are provided by WB / IFC in recognition of the need for a staged approach to achieving the recommended guidelines. Appendix 4 presents the average PM10 levels measured along the proposed route. Recorded values range from 10 µg/m3 to 210 µg/m3. Whilst a direct comparison between the measured average values and the World Health Organisation (WHO) maximum 24-hour concentration or annual average concentration guideline levels is not possible, it provides some context to the observed dust levels. Direct comparison is not possible due to the fact that readings taken during the studies are instantaneous readings while the WHO standard values are an average over a 24-hour period. Most (75%) of the measurements taken during the current assessment of the Project area are below the World Health Organisation (WHO) air quality standards stipulated maximum threshold of 50 µg/m3 over 24 hours. 50% of the average measurements taken in the current assessment were above the WHO air quality standards stipulated annual average concentration of 20 µg/m3. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 106 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Dry weather at the time of measurement and the fact that the existing road is lateritic with dust easily generated from vehicular traffic, wind and other community activities contributed to seasonally high dust levels. Noise levels (dBA) were measured and the range of levels recorded within and around the project area in the settlements closest to the road corridor in December 2018 (appendix 4). The measurements were recorded at different times of the day using a hand-held Lutron sound level meter. Whilst direct comparison between instantaneous measured noise values (dBA) and the World Bank ‘One Hour LAeq’ limits (as per Table 10) is not possible, it provides some context to observed noise levels and potential impacts. Direct comparison is not possible due to the fact that readings taken during this study are instantaneous readings while the WB standard values are taken over period of 1-hour. Receptor Noise level One Hour LAeq (dBA) (Type of district) Daytime Night-time 07:00 – 22:00 22:00 – 07:00 h) Residential; 55 45 institutional; educational i) Industrial; commercial 70 70 Measured noise levels in the Project area ranged from 39 – 77 dBA and are summarised in appendix 4. 4.10.7 Climatic Condition Sierra Leone has a tropical humid climate with two distinct seasons, namely the wet season staring from May-October and the dry season from November to April, each lasting for about six months. Diurnal temperatures vary from 25 degrees to 34 degrees Celsius although they could be as low as 16 degrees Celsius at night during the harmattan. The average monthly temperatures are around 26 degrees Celsius. Rainfall varies both in space and time. The mean annual variability is about 20 %. The average annual rainfall varies from about 2500mm in the drier areas of the north- west and north-east of the country to about 3000mm in the southeast and about 5000mm in the rainfall pattern is unimodal with most of the rainfall occurs from late April to early November. The wettest months in most parts of the country are July and August. The heavy rains in the wet season usually result to high discharges and runoff which ranges from 20% to 40 % of the total annual rainfall. Rivers overflow their banks during this period, though greatly reduced in the dry season from November to March. The heavy rains and maritime influence leads to high humidity. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 107 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Relative humidity is usually about 90 % in the wet season but drops to about 20 % inland in the harmattan during dry season. Pan evaporation is generally less than 2.0mm day due to high diurnal humidity. Normal wind speed averages 8 knots throughout the year. There is plentiful of sunshine which varies substantially with the amount of cloudiness averaging 6-8 hours per day during the dry season and 2-4 hours per day during the wet season. 4.10.8 Socio-economic Baseline Data The project areas have most of its inhabitants engaged in active agricultural activities for their livelihoods. They are engaged in subsistence farming cultivating different variety of crops. Palmoil production and rice cultivation are the main source of livlyhood along the project roads. Kanga – Nyandehun Kanga, Wolleh – Mende, Wolleh – Griema, Sogbaleh – Bengeh, and Kpandebu – Tongoleh all located in Bum Chiefdom are a major source of rice production. The settlements in the area of influence of the project and along the road alignment are mostly compact settlements. There are only basic toilet facilities within the district especially in schools. For communities were constructing one appears to be economically difficult use due to poor soil conditions results in use of streams. 4.10.8.1 Cultural sites Cultural heritage sites in rural area communities of Sierra Leone mostly have (bushes and cemeteries) which are generally used to train young men and women on the useful skills they will require to function as adults in their society/community. There are cultural heritage sites along the project roads Kanga – Nyandehun Kanga, Wolleh – Mende and Sogbaleh – Bengeh are in the area of influence of the project roads. Hence, they tend to have negative impact on the project activities when activated. Wolleh – Griema, Tihun – Gerehun, Kpandebu – Tongoleh and Manjama – Peliwahun are not in the area of influence of the project. Hence, they will not be affected by project activities. There are cemeteries along Tihun – Gerehun and Sogbaleh – Bengeh project roads. Those cemeteries are situated approximately 10m off the road alignments. Kanga – Nyandehun kanga, Wolleh – Griema, Wolleh – Mende, Kpandebu – Tongoleh and Manjama – Peliwahun do not have cemeteries along the road corridors that are not situated close to the road alignment. 4.10.8.2 Education Tihun – Gerehun: There are three primary schools and one secondary school along the road alignment. The school at Tihun has a borehole with a hand pump, whereas the school at Gerehun relies on water collected from the nearby swamp. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 108 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Kanga – Nyandehun Kanga: There are two primary schools along the road alignment. The school at Kanga has a borehole with a hand pump, whereas the primary schools at Nyandehun rely on water collected from the nearby swamp. Wolleh – Mende: There are no schools along the road alignment. The indigenes of these communities send their children to nearby schools in Mania and Madina. Wolleh – Griema: There are two primary schools along the road alignment. The school at Griema has a borehole with a hand pump, whereas the primary school at Mania relies on water collected from the nearby swamp. Sogbaleh – Bengeh: There is a primary school at Sogbaleh which host all the other children from the surrounding. The primary school relies on water collected from the nearby swamp. Kpandebu – Tongoleh: There are no schools along the road alignment. The indigenes of these communities send their children to nearby schools in Madina. Manjama – Peliwahun: There are no schools along the road alignment. The indigenes of these communities send their children to nearby schools in Madina. 4.10.8.3 Health There are health centres along Tihun – Gerehun, Wolleh - Griema and Sogbaleh – Bengeh along project roads that cater for the resident living in the project area. Moreover, there is no health center at Kanga – Nyandehun, Wolleh – Mende, Kpandebu – Tongoleh and Manjama – Peliwahun along the project roads. The project area has three most prevalent diseases namely malaria, dysentery and diarrhea. This can primarily be attributed to mosquito bites and the drinking of contaminated water. 4.10.8.4 Energy There is no electricity supply to the district. Very few inhabitants along project roads have access to generators which they use on commercial basis to charge mobile phones. Inhabitants use flash lights at nights. For domestic purposes residents in the project area mainly use firewood and charcoal as their primary source of energy to prepare food and process palm fruit to produce palm oil. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 109 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE CHAPTER FIVE - POTENTIAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 5.1 Guideline for Mitigation The main beneficial and adverse environmental and social impacts likely to arise from the project road, as well as the relevant mitigation measures are presented in this section. The current state of the road has poor surface and structural conditions which impede transport of farm produce and general movement, especially during the rainy season to health and market canters. With road improvement from the maintenance works, farmers will be able to move their farm produce easily, reducing post-harvest losses. Other benefits include improved access to market centers, reduced vehicle operating cost (VOC), reduced travel time and reduced transportation cost. It will also ease movement, for instance, school attendance, to seek medical care, especially for pregnant women and also enhance trade. Unskilled laborers would be employed from the local communities and this could serve as an employment opportunity for unemployed local community members. The spot improvement works will thus improve interconnectivity between communities. 5.2 Impact Identification The potential environmental impacts depend on the location of the project and type and volume of the interventions due to proposed development. The project activities such as levelling, cutting, clearing of vegetation, felling of trees along the road, construction of culverts & bridges on rivers, setting up of labour camps, installation of construction machinery and other related operations are bound to cause environmental impacts (positive/negative). The impact, due to road project on environment, can be minimized or avoided, if appropriate management measures are adopted during design, construction and operation phases. The identification of potential impacts is based on field inspection of existing road with due consideration of direct, indirect, cumulative, positive or negative and secondary impacts on environmental attributes. The impacts are presented for both positive and negative in nature for different phases of project cycle in the following sections. 5.3 Positive Impacts Based on project particulars and the existing environmental conditions potential positive impacts have been identified that are likely to result from the proposed project and wherever possible these have been quantified. The current state of the project roads is deplorable and challenging especially to the road users. The completion of the spot improvement of these feeder roads will thus bring about many benefits. Positive impacts have been identified for different phases of project cycle and discussed in the following sections. 5.3.1 Impact during Planning and Design phase 1. Employment opportunities During the planning and design period, new jobs will be created for the skilled and unskilled manpower in the community to conduct topographical and geological investigations. A majority of unskilled labour will be sourced from the local residents. Indirect employment will be in the Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 110 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE form of suppliers and other forms of sub-contracted works that will be required for planning and design of project components. Women will also have an opportunity to secure employment 2. Skills transfer The Design and Supervision Consultant will associate with local professional partners within the various Districts. In the process of planning and design the local technical manpower will work with the various experts associated with the design of feeder roads. This process of working together will transfer design and planning tools, computer design software and other useful guideline which are used in similar topographical conditions in the world. 3. Training The Design and Supervision consultant will provide training to local counterpart staff for activities likely to be implemented during construction and operation phases. This training and trained manpower will go a long way in meeting the requirements of the country in the transport sector and road in particular. 5.3.2 Impacts during Construction Phase 1. Employment Opportunities During the rehabilitation and maintenance phase it is estimated that about 800 people will be working as labour both skilled and unskilled. A majority of unskilled labour will be sourced from the local residents and hence this will create employment throughout the district. Indirect employment will be in the form of suppliers and other forms of sub-contracted works that will be required for construction of project components. In addition, new jobs will be created in the Government to implement, monitoring and evaluation of the project. Women will also have an opportunity to secure employment. 2. Enhancement of Rural Economy As the construction works are spread throughout the district in rural area, the rural people will get an opportunity to work for the project. This will increase their income. Those are involved in trade will have opportunity to supply the items required for the work force working at site. 3. Social Interaction The National and International; local and regional manpower will be working together for the project. This interaction will enhance social interaction between the people of two different places and levels. 4. Boost to Industrial Activities During construction works, local products will be utilized such as cement, gravel, reinforced pipes etc. The consumption of these will give boost to industrial production of material manufacturing Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 111 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE organization. During construction, supply of construction materials, direct sale of household goods, consumables and foodstuffs to the workers will improve trade at local and regional levels in Sierra Leone. In addition, the transport sector will be a benefit for transport of material from manufacturing site to construction site. This will provide direct and indirect employment. 5.3.3 Impacts during Project Operation 1. Improved Transport System, Accessibility and Communication As a consequence of the poor road condition, investors in the transport industry have no incentive, hence the public transport system is underdeveloped and unreliable with only some buses plying the road at designated times in some sections of the road. Residents, therefore, have to seek other means of transport from unauthorized vehicles such as pickups and trucks. With the improvement of the road, transport will be improved both in terms of travel time, comfort, safety and lower costs associated with an increase in public service vehicles. During operation, accessibility to the various public institutions and markets will be enhanced, in particular, accessibility to health centers, churches, and educational institutions. After rehabilitation and reconstruction of feeder road network, the condition of the road will improve and transportation of commodities to and from the project areas will become easy. It will contribute on long term basis for the socio-economic development of the project area. The improved road safety and reduction in road accidents as opposed to the current situation in which, accidents are quite rampant due to the rutty, rugged nature of the road, dust, ditches and pools of water etc. The development will lead better and wider connection and development of district with other surrounding districts in the country. 2. Employment Opportunities In the post construction phase the project will provide social benefits in terms of direct employment by way of better commercial and industrial development of the area. Additionally, more people may be indirectly employed in allied activities and trade. In the operation phase of the project more job opportunities will arise in various sectors such as the transport industry, the tourism sector, commerce and trade of agriculture products. Taken together, job creation will help to reduce the problem of unemployment with attendant improvement in income for the workers’ household and revenue for the country. Apart from additional employment opportunities in farming operations, access to nearby market, would also provide opportunity for marketing of farm products and farm inputs creating additional employment in the locality. 3. Enhancement of Rural Economy (Agriculture and Trade) The road will provide a stimulus growth to the District as well as improving trade with the other nearby districts through faster transportation of agriculture products. The performance of this sector is likely to experience the greatest gain upon improvement of the road since majority of the population derive their livelihood form agriculture. Agriculture is expected to be the greatest beneficiary of the project. The poor road network was repeatedly cited as one of the major hindrances to the growth of the agriculture sector that accounts for 90 percent of employment. Road condition has led to low incomes for farmers and the subsequent inability of the district to Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 112 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE increase the sector as required. After rehabilitation and maintenance of these uncompleted sections of the project roads, there is greater potential for the establishment of agro-processing plants to process the huge supply of fruits which includes banana and other crops. In the fieldwork survey it was noted that a lot of agriculture products are sold in District and provincial Headquarter Towns and also in the Country’s Capital, Freetown. Currently local farmers face problems of market because of higher transportation cost. In addition, some of the agricultural goods like vegetables from the locality were of lower quality due to the longer transport time to markets. This potential will be augmented by upgrading and rehabilitating access roads to city, thereby increasing incomes in agribusiness sector and raising the socio-economic status of local households. With the anticipated efficient, reliable and cheap transport, the following are likely to be achieved. • Quick and easy transport of perishable farm produces such as vegetables and fruits to markets and livestock too on less price; • Cheaper and available farm inputs and ease in provision of services to farmers; • Easy access to bigger and better markets and in surrounding Districts; • Improved marketing of agricultural products, thus higher prices; It is likely that the farmers of most agricultural products in the area will improve depending on the commodity and the season. All the above impacts on this dominant sector will have indirect positive impacts on other sectors, especially trade and commerce, transportation, health and nutrition and education. 4. Reduction in Length and Travel Time between Two Destinations The proposed feeder roads intersect with various trunk roads on the National Road Network. After this project intervention, the feeder roads, will improve connectivity between two places, provide faster access to District towns and provincial cities resulting in reduction in length and travel time and facilitates the development of new economic corridor. 5. Potential to Improve Drainage and its Environmental Benefits The current drainage structures are mainly inadequate and / or in disrepair. Often the structures cannot accommodate high flows associated with flash floods in the wet seasons. In addition, soil depositions; debris and solid waste have also clogged several drainage structures where routine maintenance activity is inactive. The project will redesign, upgrade and reconstruct all these structures. The improved road drainage system and reconstruction of bridges will reduce erosion rate. The application of bioengineering measures in high erosion risk zone will reduce possible landslides. 6. Skills Transfer and Training Through labour recruitment locally the workers will have an opportunity to learn an array of skills that relate to road rehabilitation and reconstruction. Improved transport will improve interaction Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 113 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE with other communities that will also provide an opportunity for further learning and cultural exchange. 7. Enhanced Social Interaction The infrastructures for social services developed in the area are schools, health centres, water and energy. The expected rehabilitation/ upgrading of the feeder road will augment existing social amenities and stimulate growth in other sectors, ultimately adding to agricultural development. The road network will contribute to the development of the key to the district’s economic development. With the construction of feeder roads, the main artery for social interaction amongst towns and villages along the route shall be strengthened. The general quality of life along the route will be enhanced. 8. Road Safety The operation of feeder roads will make travelling easy. Improved feeder road will improve road Safety and reduction in road accidents as opposed to the current situation in which, accidents are quite rampant due to the rutty, rugged nature of the feeder road. 9. Reduction in Greenhouse Gases During operation of road the vehicles will operate closer to design speed which will help reduction of emission of hydrocarbons and carbon-monoxide from exhaust. Hence the emission reduction of carbon monoxide will decrease the greenhouse gases at regional and global levels which will have positive impact locally and regionally. 10. Reduction in Fuel Consumption The vehicles provide better fuel performance at optimum air to fuel ratio which is optimum around design speed. The feeder roads are designed for 40 km per hour or more which is closer to design speed. This will facilitate less fuel consumption which will have less burden on exchequer and will be a direct impact to the country’s economy. 5.4. Negative Impacts The potential adverse impacts due to the rather limited and small-scale nature of the project activities include: 1. Impacts on water resources; 2. Noise and vibration impacts; 3. Dust generation and impact on air Quality; 4. Occupational health and safety; 5. Potential spread of HIV/ AIDS and STIs; 6. Waste generation; 7. Labour Influx Management (LIMP); Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 114 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 8. Gender Base Violence (GBV); 9. Road diversion impacts; and 10. Temporary site office displacement. 5.4.1 Water Resources Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring: Impact on these streams during the minor rehabilitation works will largely be siltation during clearing and erosion of top soil into stream during the rainy season. This impact will be compounded by the hilly topography. Blocking of water may lead to flooding upstream, especially in the rainy season; and also, water shortage downstream. Servicing and fuelling of equipment and machinery could be a source of water contamination. Exposing large cleared areas for long periods without the expected road works would render such areas susceptible to sheet erosion (in rainy season), resulting in sedimentation. Heaped construction materials such as sand and other aggregates could be carried in run-off into the water course leading to siltation and affecting water quality. The culvert construction design incorporates measures such as adequate size to direct and contain to prevent overflow or erosion of the adjoining road, thereby avoiding siltation of the water body. Drains will direct storm-water and run-offs. Clearing along the corridor will be restricted to the right of way (RoW), and road works progressively follow clearing. This will avoid exposing large cleared areas to the eroding effects of rainfall. Heaped construction materials will be covered. Excavated materials will be retained away from the water bodies and covered, to avoid possible losses into the water course. The timing for culvert construction will avoid the rainy season to prevent potential flooding and other water flow and quality impacts. Vehicle washing, servicing and fuelling, etc. will be carried out at suitable and confined designated places, away from the river. Containment measures such as drains, oil trap, sump and bins will be provided to receive all wastes (liquid and solid) generated. Monitoring will cover the following parameters and their frequency of monitoring: • Daily monitoring of equipment and vehicles such as the bulldozer, grader, etc for potential failures of any hydraulic component or leaks, and operational integrity would be carried out; • All heaped material areas would be monitored weekly to ensure that they are not exposed to the wind, rain or areas of run-offs. Inspection of these would be continuously done by the Site Engineer; and There will be weekly monitoring on the following relevant sources of impacts on the streams: - Sediment-laden run-off from cleared areas of road; - Contaminants in run-off from plantation and farms (fuel and oil residue, etc); - Oil and grease waste from equipment servicing and vehicle washing; and - Construction of drainage channels and culverts. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 115 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 5.4.2 Noise and Vibration Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring: The main sources of noise will be from the use of: • Bulldozers and grader in clearing works; • Concrete mixers to mix concrete for culvert construction; and • Vibratory roller for sectional filling and gravelling. These machines generate noise levels of between 78dB – 95dB at 15m and 96dB – 111dB at 1.5m. Though the nature of the works will be such that noise generation will be intermittent, the noise levels by the machinery far exceed 85dB, above which hearing impairment can occur. The effects of excessive noise and vibration on humans include stress, hearing impairment, communication problems, etc. Workers, especially those working with or close to this equipment’s will be badly exposed, it will also be receptors of noise due to their relative distances from the road. Noise protection devices such as ear muffs and plugs will be provided to all workers on site. Additionally, workers exposed to loud noise and vibration will not be allowed to work with the machines for more than 3 hours in a day. Maintenance of machinery and equipment schedule will be observed and made available for inspection to ensure minimal noise generation. Static machines will be sited at least 100m away from homes, schools and clinics and to reduce their impacts. Construction works close to schools would be carried out after close of school while works close to clinics will be restricted to the hours of 10:00 am to 3:00pm to avoid the relatively quit periods (mornings evenings, and nights). Impacts from machines such as bulldozers would be transient and their use will be to a set work schedule to avoid delays. The operators would be made conscious of working in sensitive locations. The Contractor or designated supervisor will be accountable for any instance of non-compliance. Monitoring will cover the following parameters and their frequency of monitoring: • The use of appropriate PPEs for noise protection will be closely monitored twice a day; • Weekly checks with school and clinic authorities to ascertain possible noise impacts affecting the school and clinic by the site Engineer; and • Maintenance records for all equipment and machinery will be inspected weekly to ensure that regular maintenance is followed to reduce noise from operations. 5.4.3 Dust Generation and Air Quality Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring: Land clearing, haulage of material by trucks and laying of sub-base are all dust generating activities. Excavations for the construction of culverts can also lead to dust during windy hours. Generation of dust will occur during haulage of construction materials on site, trips to the stockpile depot and haulage from the borrow pit to the feeder road construction site. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 116 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Dust pollution can adversely affect health of workers engaged directly or indirectly in the road works. The effects include silicosis, asthma attacks and other respiratory infections. Dust may also result in eye and skin irritation and affect plant growth will also be receptors of dust. Water dousing will be used at the work sites and immediate adjoining road twice daily (morning and afternoon) in the dry season, in order to minimize dust generation. Speed control ramps will be erected along the road to control dust generation. Construction trucks will be restricted to speed limit of 40km/hr. A programme of servicing for all machinery and equipment to ensure optimum performance will be observed. When transporting construction materials, trucks will be covered with tarpaulin to prevent the flying of aggregates and sand. Servicing and maintenance scheduled book will be kept for inspection. This will help reduce emission of noxious gases commonly associated with incomplete combustion. Monitoring will cover the following parameters and their frequency of monitoring: • Twice daily inspection of water dousing will be conducted on the road in the morning and afternoon, especially during the dry season; • Twice daily inspection of PPE use by workers exposed to dust; • Twice weekly checks on adherence to speed limit (40km/hr) within the catchment communities by the Site Engineer; • Weekly inspection of records on servicing of project vehicles and equipment; and • The use of tarpaulin to cover haulage trucks will also be checked daily. Local communities will be sensitized on the need to report non-compliant contractor to the DE. 5.4.4 Public/Occupational Health and Safety Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring: Accidents commonly associated with feeder road works and which may result in injuries could come from the use of concrete mixer, bulldozer, grader and vibratory rollers. Others include cuts, falls, etc. from vegetation clearing, excavation, etc. Accidents risks would arise from attempts to save haulage time and cost by overloading vehicles and speeding, as well as poorly shaped haul routes. Other sources of potential health and safety risks are noise from machinery, excessive vibration from rollers, vehicular knock downs, etc. The public could be affected through poor reinstatement of borrow pits which could serve as grounds for breeding of mosquitoes. To reduce the incidence of occupational accidents, training will be organized for all workers on health and safety precautions associated with feeder road works, equipment and machinery handling, etc. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like helmets, earmuffs, gloves, boots, etc. will be made available to employees. The use of PPE will be mandatory. The contractor or the assigned supervisor will be responsible and answerable for any instance of non-compliance. Non-compliant staff will be reprimanded and subsequently a fine and then outright dismissal. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 117 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE First aid kits will be provided, with trained personnel taking charge, can also use local nurse at the public health unit along the roads to train and treat injured workers. Warning signs will be clearly displayed at excavations and other obstructions to caution the workers and the public. Reversing alarms will be installed on all machinery and used to alert people when machines are backing up, to avoid accidents. Contractors will apply a Safety-First rule to govern all activities and operations within the work camp and along the route. The contractor shall select 4 of his workers to be trained (by the consultants) in first aid procedures. The First Aid Team will be in charge of educating their fellow workers on first aid procedures. A reinstatement/ restoration plan, giving details of final shape, method of achieving it, drainage and sediment control, re-soiling and re-vegetation measures would be implemented to cater for developed borrow pits. Monitoring activities will be carried out in order to maintain the health and safety of the public and all workers. These include: • Sanitary facilities such as mobile toilets and bucket of water and hand wash will be checked whether they have been provided before the start of the project; • Weekly checks would be done to ascertain that the mobile toilets are provided at designated distances; • Weekly review of records of incidents (injuries, cuts, falls, knockdowns), their investigation and implementation of recommended actions; • The Site Engineer will monitor the use of appropriate PPEs by workers twice daily; • Records of appropriate training for each worker will be inspected monthly to ensure that all workers have the appropriate training needed for their work; • Reinstatement plan for burrow pits will be reviewed at the beginning of the project by the DE to check for compliance; • Tool box meeting records will also be reviewed weekly to further identify training needs of workers and address them appropriately; • Adherence to stipulated speed limit (40km/hr) will be checked twice weekly by the Site Engineer; and • The education exercises of first aid team will be recorded and inspected monthly by the contractor to ensure they undertake the education exercise regularly. 5.4.5 Potential HIV/AIDS and STIs Spread, Mitigation and Monitoring: The threat of potential spread of HIV/AIDS and other STIs arises since the introduction of the projects could also lead to an increase in sexual promiscuity. The provision of jobs to local people would enhance their financial status, which may create the conditions to engage multiple sexual partners and hence increase the risk of HIV/ AIDS infection. Continued education on the issues of transmission and prevention has been recommended by the Sierra Leone AIDS Secretariat and some HIV prevention and control organizations as an efficient means of getting the message across to the populace. Management of the contracting firm in Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 118 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE collaboration with the consultant environmentalist will ensure that workers are briefed on the nature, transmission mode and the implication of HIV at two months interval. Since there is apathy toward the reality of the disease even among groups of people who are privy to the seriousness of the pandemic, regular sensitization of the workers will emphasize the deadly effects of the disease. The contractor will select 4 people from the workforce while the nearby communities nominate 4 members to form a peer group team. There will be free condom supplies to workers and community members. Private discussions, counselling and testing will be promoted. This team will undertake HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns at two months interval. Monitoring will cover the following parameters and their frequency of monitoring: • There will be quarterly HIV/AIDS awareness workshops, to be held by qualified health personnel, to assess the level of awareness and understanding of workers and townsfolk. Assessment will be done at each workshop in the form of questions and answers, where the participants will be required to respond to questions designed to elicit particular views; • Records on the training of Peer Educators would be checked every two months; and • There would be monthly checks on records of condoms distributed. 5.4.6 Waste Generation Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring: The main sources of waste will include cleared vegetation and construction debris (e.g. removed old culverts), packaging materials (e.g. cement bags), plastics and organic wastes from activities at the sites, and also sanitary waste. Improper handling of waste generated can become a source of nuisance, disease and infections, e.g. breeding grounds for flies and mosquitoes. Indiscriminate defecation by workers could lead to health problems, e.g. cholera and other diarrhea diseases among workers and in nearby communities. Waste may also be carried by run-off into the stream contaminating it. Waste bins will be provided at all working sites and at the SOs. Waste will be segregated at source into two – organic and then waste plastics and glass. Organic wastes and cleared vegetation will be composted near the work site to enrich the soil, while plastics and glass will be taken to the nearest district’s dump sites or sold. Workers will be trained on the need and benefits of waste segregation for full cooperation. Suitable construction debris will be used as part of the filling materials. Sanitary facilities (including toilets) will be provided. Toilets and urinals will be located at a minimum distance of 100m away from any stream or drainage channels, and from marshy and low-lying areas to prevent potential pollution of ground and surface water. The sanitary facilities will be decommissioned at the completion of the project. In a case where any community expresses interest in the facility (through its chief), the DE will be duly informed and required to hand over the facility to the community. It is only under such a circumstance that the contractor will be absolved from the obligation to decommission the facility. Monitoring will cover the following parameters and their frequency of monitoring: Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 119 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Daily monitoring of waste segregation and littering; • Weekly monitoring of emptying of bins at waste dump sites; • Weekly monitoring of waste composting; • Daily inspection of work site to detect indiscriminate defecation; and • Toilets decommissioning on project completion. 5.4.7 Potential Road Diversion Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring: Construction of two hundred and six (206) culverts during the maintenance works can obstruct road traffic. The options considered for maintaining road access to vehicular traffic during culvert construction included: • A temporal diversion of access completely from the existing road by by-passing the culvert section; and • Closing one lane of the road for culvert construction, while the other lane (restricted access) is opened to traffic. While the latter alternative (with restricted access), avoids potential ‘trespassing’ farmlands, etc. and therefore eliminates the need to pay compensation; it nevertheless exposes workers and the general public to imminent accident risks. Since only one lane will be accessible at any one time, vehicles travelling in opposite directions may be involved in accidents at or near the culvert crossing (construction site). Speeding vehicles are likely to fall into ‘culvert trenches’ or ditches or involved in head-on collision at the culvert site. Construction workers will be operating close to moving vehicles, at the risk of falling vehicles or objects on them or even knockdowns. The current road width has reduced to between 3 and 4m, although the RoW is 6m. Thus, adequate space is available to allow for construction works without affecting any adjoining land. Before closing one lane for culvert construction, a temporary structure will be installed on the other lane to be opened to traffic. The closed lane will be blocked at a location 100m away from the culvert, with appropriate warning signals and reflectors, with speed limit of 20km/h, but 10km/h at the narrow crossing, speed control ramps and traffic attendants directing vehicular movement. The actual working areas will be secured with barricades. The construction period will be effectively scheduled and strictly followed. Monitoring will cover the following parameters and their frequency of monitoring: • Effective traffic flow as well as vehicular and worker safety will be monitored daily; • Daily inspection of appropriate positioning of road signs, reflectors, speed ramps, control limits, and the role of traffic attendants; and • Daily inspection of records on accidents and near misses by contractor and the DE for immediate remedial action. In the event of any accident the first aid team would attend to the victims and convey them to the nearest health center. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 120 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 5.4.8 Temporary Site Office Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring: The site office required for the project will have to be strategically located along the road corridor. The selected site may however affect farm crops, physical assets or other properties of land owners, in spite of the short duration (5 months) for which the site office will be in use. Though the proposed road works will be of benefit to the land owner, it is important that he/she does not suffer any social and economic loss from the temporary use of the land for project office. In the arrangement with the contractor for use of the land, the land owner may not have the negotiation skills to secure a fair deal or may end up being cheated. The contractor may also fail to deliver any agreed terms and disappear after the project to the detriment of the land owner. As a common practice, a site for use as field office is usually identified during site visit by bidders, before submission of bids. The contractor (winning bidder) will however, be required to observe the following conditions in selecting the site: • Identify a potential site, which must not be a farmland with crops or any physical asset; • Identify the landowner through the Assembly member and/or Chief of the community; • Seek the consent of the landowner to erect the proposed site office on the land for the specified duration of the road project; • Agree with the landowner to hand over the agreed structure to be erected to the landowner; and • Agree on other measures to render the site safe and usable to the satisfaction of the landowner. The agreement will be documented and signed by the contractor and the owner with the Consultant’s Engineer and Assembly member or Chief of the community as witnesses. In addition to periodic visits (twice a month) to the site office, the Consultant’s Engineer will be in communication with the land owner to ascertain whether the conditions agreed on between owner and contractor are being met. The contractor will be required to include the state of fulfillment of the agreement terms in the quarterly report to be submitted to the District Engineer. It will be required of the contractor (by the CE) to reinstate the site and hand over the structure to the owner after completion of construction. 5.4.9 Loss of Biomass Impacts, Mitigation and Monitoring: As part of the project construction activities at the crossing points or critical sections were spot improvement works will be executed agricultural plants and economic trees belonging to residents might have to be removed as part of the project activities. The number of trees removed will be noted by the contractor and the site engineer, compensation will be agreed with the owner and seedlings will be given to the owner of the plant or tree at the end of the project. Monitoring will cover the following parameters and their frequency of monitoring: Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 121 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Monitoring and nothing the number of trees or crops removed • Identification of the owner • Negotiating suitable compensation with the owner of the crop/tree • Provision of seedling to the owner of the crop/tree removed at the end of the project. 5.4.10 Borrow Pits Impacts and Mitigation The project will involve limited rehabilitation/maintenance work of critical sections and also the rehabilitation approaches to bridges and culverts for a maximum length of 80m on both sides of the approach to any structure. These activites will require the use of borrow materials from pits that will have to be established. These pits shall not be sited closed to sensitive environs, that is to say, near communities, cultural sites and water bodies. Borrow pits will be located outside the ROW and shall preferably be selected from a high and/or waste land. Allthogh the locations of the borrow areas are negotiated between the contractor and the land owners. The excavation and restoration of the borrow areas and their surroundings, in an environmentally satisfactory manner is required before final acceptance and payment under the terms which the contractor will be offered. The establishment of new borrow pits will result in the clearing of natural vegetation, establishment of unstable slopes, removal of top soil, removal of overburden, erosion and can be intrusive on the natural landscape. Mitigation • Top soil and overburden soil shall be properly stored to be used during the restoration of the pit • Proper drainage system should be put in place • The pit lay out should be designed to enable easy reinstatement. Unnecessarily high steep faces should be avoided both to avoid reinstatement problems and to reduce visual impact on the local landscape during pit operation. • Slopes should be stabilized by contoring or benching • Pits should be properly restored after use • Avoid areas where topsoil is thin and cannot be salvaged to enable adequate pit reinstatement and prevention of soil erosion • Backfill pits with appriopriate materials including construction spoils like cut materials • Reinsate overburden and topsoil • Reinstate native vegetation 5.4.11 Labor Influx Management Plan; Mitigation and Monitoring Labour would be required for construction phase. Unskilled labour would be required for civil works and would be preferably sourced from local areas. However skilled labour will be required for certain activites. The skilled workers would likely be primarily migrant from places outside the the project areas. The basic issues related with migrant labour may include: Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 122 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Conflict amongst workers, and between workers and local community, based on cultural, religious or behavioural practices. • Discontent amongst local community on engagement of outsiders. • Mild outbreaks of certain infectious diseases due to interactions between the local and migrant populations. The most common of these are respiratory (TB), vector borne (Malaria, Dengue), water borne (Stomach infections, typhoid) and sexually transmitted diseases (HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis). • Security issues to local women from migrant workforce. • Use of community facilities such as health centres by migrant labour may lead to discontent with local community. • In case contractors bring in unskilled migrant labour, there stands the risk of exploitation of a labourer. This can happen in the form of hiring underage labourers, low and unequal wage payments, forced labour and discrimination on basis of the basis of religion or ethnicity. Mitigation Measure • The contractor shall ensure provision of adequate accommodation, transportation, and basic services including water, sanitation, and medical care for the workers working on that project; • The compensation paid to the migrant workers should be nondiscriminatory and the principle of equal opportunity and fair treatment to be followed; • Wastewater, sewage, food and any other waste materials are to be properly handled, in compliance with local standards; • All migrant workers are envisaged to be accommodated in temporary campsite within the project area or provided with suitable accommodation; • Pest extermination, vector control and disinfection are to be carried out throughout the living facilities in compliance with local requirements and/or good practice; • The workforce will be sensitized to local social and cultural practices through provision of an induction course for all employees that stipulates expected behaviour; • First priority for employment of labour should be given those impacted by the project such as landowners who have lost land or those who have their land parcels under ROW; • The contractor to ensure that work hours are set at eight hours a day, 48 hours a week, with a weekly rest day for all engaged labours; • Project shall ensure equal wages for male and female workers for work of equal nature or value is maintained; • A grievance redress mechanism for workers shall be put in place by the contractor to raise workplace concerns. The workers will be informed about the grievance mechanism at the time of recruitment; Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 123 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 5.4.12 Gender Based Violence (GBV) The prevalence of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) incidences in post conflict Sierra Leone poses a serious challenge in the advancement of women’s rights. SGBV issues such as rape, wife beating, sexual harassment and molestation, forced marriages and wife inheritance continue to be a daily occurrence. SEXUAL ABUSE Other non-consensual sexual acts, not including rape or attempted rape. Sexual abuse includes acts performed on a minor. As above, even if the child has given consent, sexual activity with a minor may indicate sexual abuse because she/he is considered unable to give informed consent. SEXUAL EXPLOITATION Sexual exploitation includes sexual coercion and manipulation by a person in a position of power who uses that power to engage in sexual acts with a person who does not have power. The exploitation may involve the provision of assistance in exchange for sexual acts. In these situations, the survivor may believe that she/he has no other option than to comply (perhaps to protect her family, to receive goods or services, etc.), so that even if consent is given, it is manipulated or coerced. Examples may include contractors staff requiring sex in exchange for material assistance, favours, or privileges. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AMONGST INTIMATE PARTNER OR OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS ALONG PROJECT ROADS Domestic violence takes place between intimate partners (spouses, boyfriend/girlfriend) as well as between family members (for example, mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law). Domestic violence may include sexual, physical, and psychological abuse. In any reference to domestic violence, it is important to be clear whether the violence is perpetrated by an intimate partner or another family member. Other terms used to refer to domestic violence perpetrated by an intimate partner include “spousal abuse� and “wife battering.� GBV MONITORING & EVALUATION TOOLS Monitoring Gender Based Violence (GBV) incident data frequently and regularly will enable continuous assessment of changes in prevalence and types of GBV along the road corridor GBV inciden will be collected and recorded in a monthly report format. This will provide more consistent data and enable the the consultant to compare data about GBV incidents over a series of months, identify trends, monitor long-term and short-term changes, and spot consistent issues or problems along project roads. Reported issues of GBV will be brought to the attention of traditional leaders (Chiefs) and the police to ensure that adequate actions are taken in accordance with the applicable laws. The Environmental Specialist will follow up on such cases with the authorities and document the outcomes of such cases. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 124 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Mitigation Measures • Ensure gender equity during employment and encourage women employment in skilled roles not only unskilled roles, such as supervision, operating machinery and traffic management. • Codes of Conduct for contractors and workers on their obligations regarding sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) and sexual harassment (SH), trainings for construction workers on their obligations and behaviors on these topics to be signed by workers and contractors, • Awareness raising to communities on SEA risks and the different entry points to provide support to potential survivors of SEA and SH derived from the project, • Working with gender and GBV Ministry departments, such as Gender in Agriculture and Nutrition in MAF and NGOs to sensitize project implementing partners on the signs and support available for survivors, • Prohibit recruiting child labour. 5.4.13 Code of Conduct for the Co-ordination of Road Works and Related Matters The efficient co-ordination of feeder road project construction works is one of the most important aspects of feeder road construction, benefiting local authorities, undertakers and road users alike. To minimize inconvenience to farmers/locals using a project road, including a specific reference to people with a disability; and to protect the structure of the road and the apparatus in it. Generally, the legislative and regulatory provisions explained in this Code may be best viewed as three organs of co-ordination: Authorities of settlements along project roads and undertakers must adhere to three key principles: • the need to balance the potentially conflicting interests of road users and contractors • the importance of co-operation and regular communication between community authorities and contractors; and an acknowledgement that works programmed and practices may have to be adjusted to meet the statutory objectives of the co-ordination provisions. The Code explains how these principles can be made to work in practice. Significant elements are: the fact that most notice periods specified in the legislation and regulations are minimum periods. Longer periods of notice should be given, and notice information should be updated, wherever possible. The central role played by local liaison meetings between local authorities, contractors and clients and the importance of the designation of project roads subject to special controls. Feeder road authorities should confine designation to cases where it is strictly necessary. Contractors must respect the objectives of designation when planning and carrying out works. The contractor working along the project road should take account of the needs of all road users, including those with disabilities – whether they are pedestrians or drivers – at all stages in the planning and execution of works along project road. This has implications for the timing, method Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 125 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE and scheduling of works. Inevitably, works along feeder road will interfere with road users and settlements along road corridor. The aim should, however, be to avoid, where possible: • conflict between contractor’s staff and locals/residents; • maintenance/ rehabilitation works on feeder roads and • planned works within a short time of earlier works. 5.5 Summary of Impact Analysis Impacts Design phase Construction phase Operation phase Water resources Low High Moderate Noise and Vibration Low High Moderate Dust generation& air Not significant High Low quality Occupational health Low High Low/Not significant &safety HIV/AIDS &STIs High High Low Waste generation Low High Not significant Road diversion Low High Not significant Temporal site office Not significant High Not significant Gender base violent Moderate High Low/Not significant Loss of Biomass Low High Not significant Labour influx Moderate High Not significant Table 9: Summary of impact analysis Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 126 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 127 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE CHAPTER SIX - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN, MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES 6.1 Management Plans Environmental and Social Management Plan is developed to guide the implementation, operation and closure of a project. The ESMP main objective is to present preventive measures that would minimize the severity of the negative impacts identified in the impact assessment, to increase the positive impacts and to avoid the occurrence of potential negative impacts. For effectiveness in environmental management they must be fully integrated with the overall project management effort at all levels of the project activities. This chapter spells out the set of measures to be undertaken during project construction and operation to avoid, reduce or mitigate the adverse environmental and social impacts to acceptable levels based on the proposed Environmental Management Plan. 6.2 Guidelines for Mitigation The mitigation measures are applied to significant impacts arising from construction, operation and maintenance aspects of the various project activities. The contractor is responsible for determining the cost of mitigation and to include such cost as part of its total cost for executing the works. The PCU is therefore required to include the mitigation measures as part of the tender documents for contractors to enable them quote appropriately The most reliable way to ensure that the plan will be integrated into the overall project planning and implementation is to establish the plan as a component of the project. This will ensure that it receives funding and supervision along with the other investment components. For optimal integration of EMP into the project, there should be investment links for: • Funding; • Management and Training; and • Monitoring The purpose of the first link is to ensure that proposed actions are adequately financed. The second link helps in embedding training, technical assistance, staffing and other institutional strengthening items in the mitigation measures to implement the overall management plan. The third link provides a critical path for implementation and enables sponsors and the funding agency to evaluate the success of mitigation measures as part of project supervision, and as a means to improve future projects. For every issue discussed for above measures, the implementing agency as well as staffing, equipment, phasing and budgeting have been presented as far as possible. All required funds will be channeled through the executing agency. The mitigation measures are set forth to maximize positive impacts and minimize negative impacts as a result of the proposed feeder roads. The following general mitigation measures will be applied: Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 128 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Cut material shall be temporarily stored along the road side to prevent eroding into the streams and it will be reused in the road levelling activities. • Stabilization of road sides quarry and borrow areas by replanting the trees to minimize erosion; • Rehabilitation works are recommended to be implemented during the dry season; • Excavated areas should be restored immediately after excavation to limit the exposure of loose soils, thus minimizing soil erosion; • Land clearing should be limited to only those areas necessary for the road rehabilitation and upgrading of the project; • Installation of silt catch basin/ trap and oil and grease interceptor to avoid water pollution; • Cross drainage works at regular interval in flood prone areas with adequate size to meet flood requirements especially minor bridges; • Provision of water supply and sanitation facilities in construction camps; Provision of covered trucks from top carrying earth to avoid air dust pollution; • Disposal of solid waste generated from construction activities as construction spoils and domestic solid waste from house activities; and • Tree plantation on one side of the feeder roads especially on valley side to reduce erosion and accidental risks. 6.3 Chance Find Procedure The following procedure will be followed upon discovery of any physical cultural resource (PCR). Suspension of Work If PCR is discovered during the execution of works, the works should be stopped immediately and the supervising engineer immediately notified. Where large buried structures are expected, the supervising engineer should inform the Monuments and Relics Commission who may instruct to what distance all works should be stopped. The contractor may not be entitled to claim compensation for work suspension during this period. The supervising engineer may be entitled to suspend work and to request from the contractor some excavations at the contractor’s expense if he thinks that a discovery was made and not reported. Demarcation of the Discovery site The supervising engineer may instruct the contractor to temporarily demarcate, and limit access to the site. Non-suspension of work In the situation where a single isolated object is discovered, the supervising engineer may decide whether the PCR can be removed and the work to continue. In cases of large finds, that decision should be made on the advice of the Monuments and Relics Commission. Chance Find report Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 129 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE The supervising engineer may request the contractor to produce a report within five (5) days of the chance find. The report will provide: • Date and time of discovery • Location of the discovery (including GPS location) • Description of the PCR • Estimated weight and dimensions of the PCR • Temporary protection implemented • Site photographs showing the state of the PCR and its surroundings The report will be approved by the supervising engineer and submitted to the Monuments and Relics Commission within ten (10) days of the Find. Arrival and Actions of the Monuments and Relics Commission The Monuments and Relics Commission will send a representative to the site within 24 hours of the Find and give instructions on actions to be taken. Such actions will comprise: • Removal of the PCR deemed to be of significance • Execution of further excavation within a specified distance of the discovery point • Extension or reduction of the area demarcated by the contractor All these actions must be carried out within seven (7) days. The contractor may be entitled to claim compensation for work suspension during this period. Further suspension of work The Commission will be entitled to request temporary suspension of work at or in the vicinity of the discovery site, if deemed necessary for proper treatment of the PCR. The contractor may be entitled to claim compensation for work suspension during this period. However, the contractor will be entitled to establish an agreement with the Commission for additional services or resources during the further period under a separate contract with the Commission. Summary of procedure to be followed in the event of a Chance Find Table 10: Summary of chance find procedures No. Action Responsibility Timeline In the event of a chance find 1 Suspend work Contractor Immediately 2 Notify supervising engineer Contractor Immediately 3 Demarcate and limit access to site Supervising engineer/ Immediately Contractor 4 In case of a single Find, Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 130 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 4.1 Remove object and contine work Supervising engineer/ Within 24 hours Contractor 4.2 Notify Commission Supervising engineer Within 24 hours of Find 5 In case of large Find, 5.1 Notify Commission Supervising engineer Within 24 hours of Find 5.2 Resume work only on advise of Commission/ Commission Supervising engineer/ Contractor 6 Reporting 6.1 Prepare report Contractor Within 5 working days 6.2 Approve report and submit to Supervising engineer Within 7 working Commission days 6.4 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Various Project Roads 6.4.1 WARD Table 11: ESMP summary WARD Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Monitoring and Estimated /Social Impact for Mitigation Reporting Schedule Costs During Construction Phase Soil erosion • Level steep slopes or use Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 contours to reduce the impact of erosion and reduce length of • Continuous slopes. • Re-vegetate all bare areas with • Continuous native plant species. • Continuous • Compact areas with loose soils. • Continuous • Only carryout excavation activities were work will be done. • Continuous • Control earthworks. • Dispose of excavated loose • Continuous soil that will not be resused. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 131 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Provide soil erosion control • Continuous and conservation structures where necessary. Soil excavation • Stabilise slpoes by contouring. Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 and borrow pit • The area should be cordoned • Project management off with warning tapes and completion warning signs. • Excavation works should be managed to avoid creating massive craters that might endanger children or serve as breeding ground for mosquitoes. • Site should be restored by leveling and backfilling after pit is no longer required. • Backfill with suitable spoil materials using layer tipping method. Air pollution • Spray/ Watering for dust Contractor • Twice daily 1,000,000.00 (Dust) suppression at work sections. • Erect spped bumps and • Continuous provide speed control signs. • Cover soil material (both • Daily heaped and in haulage trucks) • Workers should be provided • Continuous with dust masks if working in sensitive areas. Occupational • Hold safety induction Contractor/Cons • Bi-weekly 2,500,000.00 Health and meetings before start of work ultant/PCU Safety on a daily basis. • Monthly • First aid training should be • Quarterly held before project • Weekly commences. • Maintenance of accident book • Daily • All workers should be provided with PPE (gloves, dust masks, ear plugs, hard hats, goggles, boots and high visibility clothing). Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 132 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE HIV/AIDS and • HIV/AIDS and STIs Contractor/cons • Project 1,500,000.00 STIs Awareness workshops ultant/PCU commencem Management • Provision of free condoms ent • Peer group education • Weekly • Twice monthly Waste • Provision of waste bins at site Contractor • Daily 5,000,000.00 Management • Emptying of waste bins at • Weekly waste dump sites • Daily • Decommissioning of toilets after project Road diversion • Posting of traffic wardens to Contractor • Daily 2,500,000.00 and traffic direct traffic flow Management • Mounting of road signs • Daily • Protecting actual working area • Daily Office site • Avoiding crops and physical Contractor • Project 2,500,000.00 reinstatement assets commencem • Seeking landowner’s consent ent • Reinstating site and agreeing • Project to hand over structure commencem ent • Project completion Noise Pollution • Maintain plant equipment. Contractor • Continuous • Restrict construction activities to daytime. • Provision of appropriate PPEs i.e., earplugs and earmuffs. • Appropriate selection of machinery. Oil leaks and • Machinery should be well Contractor • Continuous 1,500,000.00 spills maintained to prevent oil leaks. • Maintenance of construction vehicles should be carried out in the contractor’s yard and oil spills cleaned and disposed off as appropriate. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 133 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Loss of • Clearing of vegetation should Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 vegetation only be carries out were work needs to be done. • Replant native trees after work is done. • Project • Avoid clearing culturally, completion economically and biologically • Continuous valued trees. • Where road re-alignment is necessary, choose the least vegetated route. Storm water • Design and implement Contractor/cons • Continuous Part of drainage adequate hydraulic structures ultant project for storm water disposal. budget. • Use the existing drainage channels adjacent to the existing roads as cut off drainages. Road safety • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor • Continuous 2,500,00.00 signs allocated in a correct and direct position. • Speed bumps should be provided. • Speed limit signs should be on the road. Mayeima Bana- Songo Junction Contaimination/ Contractor • Continuous 2,000.000.00 siltation of • Deposition of construction water bodies materials at least 50m from water bodies • Protection of water bodies by creating diversions during construction.. • Cultural • Demarcation of cultural site Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 heritage sites • Cordon off area with warning tapes and signs to prevent disturbance • Follow the Chance Find Procedure During Operational Phase Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 134 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Road Signage • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor/ • Inspection and 2,500,000.00 signs should be allocated in a Consultant routine correct and direct position. maintenance • Speed limit signs should be on the road 6.4.2 Port Loko District Table 12: ESMP summary Port Loko Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibility Monitoring and Estimated /Social Impact for Mitigation Reporting Schedule Costs During Construction Phase Soil erosion • Level steep slopes or use Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 contours to reduce the impact of erosion and reduce length • Continuous of slopes. • Re-vegetate all bare areas • Continuous with native plant species. • Continuous • Compact areas with loose soils. • Continuous • Only carryout excavation activities were work will be done. • Continuous • Control earthworks. • Dispose of excavated loose • Continuous soil that will not be resused. • Provide soil erosion control and conservation structures • Continuous where necessary. Soil excavation • All slopes should be Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 and borrow pit stabilised • Project management • The area should be cordoned completion off with warning tapes • Excavation works should be managed to avoid creating massive craters that might endanger children or serve as Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 135 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE breeding ground for mosquitoes. • Site should be restored by leveling and backfilling after pit is no longer required. Air pollution • Spray/ Watering for dust Contractor • Twice daily 1,000,000.00 (Dust) suppression at work sections. • Erection of speed control • Continuous signals and ramps • Covering of sand (both • Daily heaped and in haulage trucks) • Continuous • Workers should be provided with dust masks if working in sensitive areas. Occupational • Tool box (safety) meetings Contractor/Co • Bi-weekly 2,500,000.00 Health and will be held on a daily basis nsultant/PCU Safety • Awareness creation • Monthly • Training of first aid team • Quarterly • Maintenance of accident • Weekly book • Provision of first aide kits • Daily and use of PPE HIV/AIDS and • HIV/AIDS and STIs Contractor/con • Project 1,500,000.00 STIs Awareness workshops sultant/PCU commencement Management • Provision of free condoms • Weekly • Peer group education • Twice monthly Waste • Provision of waste bins at Contractor • Daily 5,000,000.00 Management site • Weekly • Emptying of waste bins at • Daily waste dump sites • Decommissioning of toilets after project Road diversion • Posting of traffic wardens to Contractor • Daily 2,500,000.00 and traffic direct traffic flow Management • Mounting of road signs • Daily • Protecting actual working area • Daily Office site • Avoiding crops and physical Contractor • Project 2,500,000.00 reinstatement assets commencement • Seeking landowner’s consent • Project Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 136 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Reinstating site and agreeing commencement to hand over structure • Project completion Noise Pollution • Maintain plant equipment. Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 • Restrict construction activities to daytime. • Provision of appropriate PPEs i.e., earplugs and earmuffs. • Appropriate selection of machinery. Oil leaks and • Machinery should be well Contractor • Continuous 1,500,000.00 spills maintained to prevent oil leaks. • Maintenance of construction vehicles should be carried out in the contractor’s yard and oil spills cleaned and disposed off as appropriate. Loss of • Avoidance of unnecessary Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 vegetation vegetation clearing and reinstating cleared vegetation • Replanting of trees where possible • Project • Avoid clearing culturally, completion economically and • Continuous biologically valued trees. • Design of the road to reduce frequent change of alignment so as to use the existing road alignment. • Where road realignment of the road is necessary, choose the least vegetated routes Storm water • Design and implement Contractor/con • Continuous Part of drainage adequate hydraulic structures sultant project for storm water disposal. budget. • Use the existing drainage channels adjacent to the existing roads as cut off drainages. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 137 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Road safety • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor • Continuous 2,500,000.00 signs allocated in a correct and direct position. • Speed controls • Speed limit signs should be on the road. Contaimination/ Contractor • Continuous 2,000,000.00 siltation of • Deposition of water bodies construction materials at least 50m from water bodies Protection of water bodies. Rogberay-komrabai / Maforay-makaiba/ Gbomtrait-makasi/ Masimera-Mabankra -Mayolla Cultural • Demarcation of cultural site Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 heritage sites • Cordon off area with warning tapes and signs to prevent disturbance • Follow the Chance Find Procedure During Operational Phase Road Signage • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor/ • Inspection and 2,500,000.00 signs should be allocated in a Consultant routine correct and direct position. maintenance • Speed limit signs should be on the road 6.4.3 Kambia District Table 13: ESMP summary Kambia Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibili Monitoring and Estimated /Social Impact ty for Reporting Schedule Costs Mitigation During Construction Phase Soil erosion • Level steep slopes or use Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 contours to reduce the impact Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 138 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE of erosion and reduce length of • Continuous slopes. • Re-vegetate all bare areas with • Continuous native plant species. • Continuous • Compact areas with loose soils. • Continuous • Only carryout excavation activities were work will be done. • Continuous • Control earthworks. • Dispose of excavated loose • Continuous soil that will not be resused. • Provide soil erosion control and conservation structures • Continuous where necessary. Soil excavation • Stabilize slopes using Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 and borrow pit benching technique. • Project management • cordon off area with warning completion tapes • Manage excavation works to avoid creating massive craters that might endanger children or serve as breeding ground for mosquitoes. • Restore site by leveling and backfilling after pit is no longer required. • Use appriopriate waste materials during backfilling. Air pollution • Spray/ Watering for dust Contractor • Twice daily 1,000,000.00 (Dust) suppression at work sections. • Erection of speed control • Continuous signals and ramps • Covering of sand (both heaped • Daily and in haulage trucks) • Workers should be provided • Continuous with dust masks if working in sensitive areas. Occupational • Tool box (safety) meetings Contractor/C • Bi-weekly 2,500,000.00 Health and will be held on a daily basis onsultant/PC Safety • Awareness creation U • Monthly Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 139 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Training of first aid team • Quarterly • Maintenance of accident book • Weekly • Provision of first aide kits and use of PPE • Daily HIV/AIDS and • HIV/AIDS and STIs Contractor/c • Project 1,500,000.00 STIs Awareness workshops onsultant/PC commencement Management • Provision of free condoms U • Weekly • Peer group education • Twice monthly Waste • Provision of waste bins at site Contractor • Daily 5,000,000.00 Management • Emptying of waste bins at • Weekly waste dump sites • Daily • Decommissioning of toilets after project Road diversion • Posting of traffic wardens to Contractor • Daily 2,500,000.00 and traffic direct traffic flow Management • Mounting of road signs • Daily • Protecting actual working area • Daily Office site • Avoiding crops and physical Contractor • Project 2,500,000.00 reinstatement assets commencement • Seeking landowner’s consent • Project • Reinstating site and agreeing commencement to hand over structure • Project completion Noise Pollution • Maintain plant equipment. Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 • Restrict construction activities to daytime. • Provision of appropriate PPEs i.e., earplugs and earmuffs. • Appropriate selection of machinery. Oil leaks and • Machinery should be well Contractor • Continuous 1,500,000.00 spills maintained to prevent oil leaks. • Maintenance of construction vehicles should be carried out in the contractor’s yard and oil spills cleaned and disposed off as appropriate. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 140 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Loss of • Avoidance of unnecessary Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 vegetation vegetation clearing and reinstating cleared vegetation • Replanting of trees where possible • Project • Avoid clearing culturally, completion economically and biologically • Continuous valued trees. • Design of the road to reduce frequent change of alignment so as to use the existing road alignment. • Where road realignment of the road is necessary, choose the least vegetated routes Storm water • Design and implement Contractor/c • Continuous Part of drainage adequate hydraulic structures onsultant project for storm water disposal. budget. • Use the existing drainage channels adjacent to the existing roads as cut off drainages. Road safety • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor • Continuous 2,500,000.00 signs allocated in a correct and direct position. • Speed controls • Speed limit signs should be on the road. Contaimination/ Contractor • Continuous 2,000,000.00 siltation of • Deposition of water bodies construction materials at least 50m from water bodies • Protection of water bodies. Gbonkomaria-Kathakera / Kathiri-Mafafila/ Masunthu-Maselleh Cultural • Demarcation of cultural site Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 heritage sites Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 141 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Cordon off area with warning tapes and signs to prevent disturbance • Follow the Chance Find Procedure During Operational Phase Road Signage • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor/ • Inspection and 2,500,000.00 signs should be allocated in a Consultant routine correct and direct position. maintenance • 6.4.4 Moyamba District Table 14: ESMP summary Moyamba Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibili Monitoring and Estimated /Social Impact ty for Reporting Schedule Costs Mitigation During Construction Phase Soil erosion • Levelling to reduce the impact Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 of erosion. • All bare areas should be well • Continuous landscaped to the original state after completion. • Continuous • Compact loose soils. • Continuous • Ensure management of excavation activities. • Continuous • Control earthworks. • Ensure proper disposal of excavated loose soil. • Continuous • Provide soil erosion control and conservation structures • Continuous where necessary. • Landscaping • Continuous Soil excavation • All slopes should be stabilised Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 and borrow pit • The area should be cordoned • Project management off with warning tapes completion • Excavation works should be managed to avoid creating massive craters that might Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 142 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE endanger children or serve as breeding ground for mosquitoes. • Site should be restored by leveling and backfilling after pit is no longer required. Air pollution • Spray/ Watering for dust Contractor • Twice daily 1,000,000.00 (Dust) suppression at work sections. • Erection of speed control • Continuous signals and ramps • Covering of sand (both heaped • Daily and in haulage trucks) • Workers should be provided • Continuous with dust masks if working in sensitive areas. Occupational • Tool box (safety) meetings Contractor/C • Bi-weekly 2,500,000.00 Health and will be held on a daily basis onsultant/PC Safety • Awareness creation U • Monthly • Training of first aid team • Quarterly • Maintenance of accident book • Weekly • Provision of first aide kits and use of PPE • Daily HIV/AIDS and • HIV/AIDS and STIs Contractor/c • Project 1,500,000.00 STIs Awareness workshops onsultant/PC commencement Management • Provision of free condoms U • Weekly • Peer group education • Twice monthly Waste • Provision of waste bins at site Contractor • Daily 5,000,000.00 Management • Emptying of waste bins at • Weekly waste dump sites • Daily • Decommissioning of toilets after project Road diversion • Posting of traffic wardens to Contractor • Daily 2,500,000.00 and traffic direct traffic flow Management • Mounting of road signs • Daily • Protecting actual working area • Daily Office site • Avoiding crops and physical Contractor • Project 2,500,000.00 reinstatement assets commencement • Seeking landowner’s consent • Project • Reinstating site and agreeing commencement to hand over structure Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 143 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Project completion Noise Pollution • Maintain plant equipment. Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 • Restrict construction activities to daytime. • Provision of appropriate PPEs i.e., earplugs and earmuffs. • Appropriate selection of machinery. Oil leaks and • Machinery should be well Contractor • Continuous 1,500,000.00 spills maintained to prevent oil leaks. • Maintenance of construction vehicles should be carried out in the contractor’s yard and oil spills cleaned and disposed off as appropriate. Loss of • Avoidance of unnecessary Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 vegetation vegetation clearing and reinstating cleared vegetation • Replanting of trees where possible • Project • Avoid clearing culturally, completion economically and biologically • Continuous valued trees. • Design of the road to reduce frequent change of alignment so as to use the existing road alignment. • Where road realignment of the road is necessary, choose the least vegetated routes Storm water • Design and implement Contractor/c • Continuous Part of drainage adequate hydraulic structures onsultant project for storm water disposal. budget. • Use the existing drainage channels adjacent to the existing roads as cut off drainages. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 144 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Road safety • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor • Continuous 2,500,000.00 signs allocated in a correct and direct position. • Speed controls • Speed limit signs should be on the road. Contaimination/ Contractor • Continuous 2,000,000.00 siltation of • Deposition of water bodies construction materials at least 50m from water bodies • Protection of water bodies. Banga-Gangama/Senehun-Palewahun/Largo-Belebu/Magbama-Gondama Cultural • Demarcation of cultural site Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 heritage sites • Cordon off area with warning tapes and signs to prevent disturbance • Follow the Chance Find Procedure During Operational Phase Road Signage • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor/ Inspection and routine 2,500,000.00 signs should be allocated in a Consultant mentainance correct and direct position. Speed limit signs should be on the road. 6.4.5 Kenema District Table 15: ESMP summary Kenema Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibili Monitoring and Estimated /Social Impact ty for Reporting Schedule Costs Mitigation During Construction Phase Soil erosion • Levelling to reduce the impact Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 of erosion. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 145 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • All bare areas should be well • Continuous landscaped to the original state after completion. • Continuous • Compact loose soils. • Continuous • Ensure management of excavation activities. • Continuous • Control earthworks. • Ensure proper disposal of excavated loose soil. • Continuous • Provide soil erosion control and conservation structures • Continuous where necessary. • Landscaping • Continuous Soil excavation • All slopes should be stabilised Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 and borrow pit • The area should be cordoned • Project management off with warning tapes completion • Excavation works should be managed to avoid creating massive craters that might endanger children or serve as breeding ground for mosquitoes. • Site should be restored by leveling and backfilling after pit is no longer required. Air pollution • Spray/ Watering for dust Contractor • Twice daily 1,000,000.00 (Dust) suppression at work sections. • Erection of speed control • Continuous signals and ramps • Covering of sand (both heaped • Daily and in haulage trucks) • Workers should be provided • Continuous with dust masks if working in sensitive areas. Occupational • Tool box (safety) meetings Contractor/C • Bi-weekly 2,500,000.00 Health and will be held on a daily basis onsultant/PC Safety • Awareness creation U • Monthly • Training of first aid team • Quarterly • Maintenance of accident book • Weekly Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 146 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Provision of first aide kits and • Daily use of PPE HIV/AIDS and • HIV/AIDS and STIs Contractor/c • Project 1,500,000.00 STIs Awareness workshops onsultant/PC commencement Management • Provision of free condoms U • Weekly • Peer group education • Twice monthly Waste • Provision of waste bins at site Contractor • Daily 5,000,000.00 Management • Emptying of waste bins at • Weekly waste dump sites • Daily • Decommissioning of toilets after project Road diversion • Posting of traffic wardens to Contractor • Daily 2,500,000.00 and traffic direct traffic flow Management • Mounting of road signs • Daily • Protecting actual working area • Daily Office site • Avoiding crops and physical Contractor • Project 2,500,000.00 reinstatement assets commencement • Seeking landowner’s consent • Project • Reinstating site and agreeing commencement to hand over structure • Project completion Noise Pollution • Maintain plant equipment. Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 • Restrict construction activities to daytime. • Provision of appropriate PPEs i.e., earplugs and earmuffs. • Appropriate selection of machinery. Oil leaks and • Machinery should be well Contractor • Continuous 1,500,000.00 spills maintained to prevent oil leaks. • Maintenance of construction vehicles should be carried out in the contractor’s yard and oil spills cleaned and disposed off as appropriate. Loss of • Avoidance of unnecessary Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 vegetation vegetation clearing and reinstating cleared vegetation Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 147 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Replanting of trees where • Project possible completion • Avoid clearing culturally, • Continuous economically and biologically valued trees. • Design of the road to reduce frequent change of alignment so as to use the existing road alignment. • Where road realignment of the road is necessary, choose the least vegetated routes Storm water • Design and implement Contractor/c • Continuous Part of drainage adequate hydraulic structures onsultant project for storm water disposal. budget. • Use the existing drainage channels adjacent to the existing roads as cut off drainages. Road safety • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor • Continuous 2,500,000.00 signs allocated in a correct and direct position. • Speed controls • Speed limit signs should be on the road. Contaimination/ • Deposit construction materials Contractor • Continuous 2,000,000.00 siltation of at least 50m from surface water bodies water bodies • Create cofferdam to shield water bodies from contaimination due to construction activities. Cultural • Demarcation of cultural site Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 heritage sites • Cordon off area with warning tapes and signs to prevent disturbance • Follow the Chance Find Procedure Blama-Jowomei/ Kenema-Kom/ Patamadama-Kpandemei; are excluded from the cultural heritage sites During Operational Phase Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 148 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Road Signage • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor/ • Regular 2,500,000.00 signs allocated in a correct and Consultant Inspection and direct position. mantance • Speed controls • Speed limit signs should be on the road. 6.4.6 KONO Table 16: ESMP summary Kono Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibili Monitoring and Estimated /Social Impact ty for Reporting Schedule Costs Mitigation During Construction Phase Soil erosion • Levelling to reduce the impact Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 of erosion. • All bare areas should be well • Continuous landscaped to the original state after completion. • Continuous • Compact loose soils. • Continuous • Ensure management of excavation activities. • Continuous • Control earthworks. • Ensure proper disposal of excavated loose soil. • Continuous • Provide soil erosion control and conservation structures • Continuous where necessary. • Landscaping • Continuous Soil excavation • Stabilize slopes using Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 and borrow pit benching technique. • Project management • cordon off area with warning completion tapes • Manage excavation works to avoid creating massive craters that might endanger children or serve as breeding ground for mosquitoes. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 149 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Restore site by leveling and backfilling after pit is no longer required. • Use appriopriate waste materials during backfilling. Air pollution • Spray/ Watering for dust Contractor • Twice daily 1,000,000.00 (Dust) suppression at work sections. • Erection of speed control • Continuous signals and ramps • Covering of sand (both heaped • Daily and in haulage trucks) • Workers should be provided • Continuous with dust masks if working in sensitive areas. Occupational • Tool box (safety) meetings Contractor/C • Bi-weekly 2,500,000.00 Health and will be held on a daily basis onsultant/PC Safety • Awareness creation U • Monthly • Training of first aid team • Quarterly • Maintenance of accident book • Weekly • Provision of first aide kits and use of PPE • Daily HIV/AIDS and • HIV/AIDS and STIs Contractor/c • Project 1,500,000.00 STIs Awareness workshops onsultant/PC commencement Management • Provision of free condoms U • Weekly • Peer group education • Twice monthly Waste • Provision of waste bins at site Contractor • Daily 5,000,000.00 Management • Emptying of waste bins at • Weekly waste dump sites • Daily • Decommissioning of toilets after project Road diversion • Posting of traffic wardens to Contractor • Daily 2,500,000.00 and traffic direct traffic flow Management • Mounting of road signs • Daily • Protecting actual working area • Daily Office site • Avoiding crops and physical Contractor • Project 2,500,000.00 reinstatement assets commencement • Seeking landowner’s consent • Project • Reinstating site and agreeing commencement to hand over structure • Project completion Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 150 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Noise Pollution • Maintain plant equipment. Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 • Restrict construction activities to daytime. • Provision of appropriate PPEs i.e., earplugs and earmuffs. • Appropriate selection of machinery. Oil leaks and • Machinery should be well Contractor • Continuous 1,500,000.00 spills maintained to prevent oil leaks. • Maintenance of construction vehicles should be carried out in the contractor’s yard and oil spills cleaned and disposed off as appropriate. Loss of • Avoidance of unnecessary Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 vegetation vegetation clearing and reinstating cleared vegetation • Replanting of trees where possible • Project • Avoid clearing culturally, completion economically and biologically • Continuous valued trees. • Design of the road to reduce frequent change of alignment so as to use the existing road alignment. • Where road realignment of the road is necessary, choose the least vegetated routes Storm water • Design and implement Contractor/c • Continuous Part of drainage adequate hydraulic structures onsultant project for storm water disposal. budget. • Use the existing drainage channels adjacent to the existing roads as cut off drainages. Road safety • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor • Continuous 2,500,000.00 signs allocated in a correct and direct position. • Speed controls Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 151 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Speed limit signs should be on the road. Contaimination/ Contractor • Continuous 2,000,000.00 siltation of • Deposition of water bodies construction materials at least 50m from water bodies Protection of water bodies. Cultural • Protection of cultural sites. Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 heritage sites • Follow chance find procedure Yardu-Yeikuma; is excluded from Cultural heritage sites. During Operational Phase Road Signage • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor/ • Continous 2,500,000.00 signs allocated in a correct and Consultant direct position. • Speed controls • Speed limit signs should be on the road. 6.4.7 Kailahun District Table 17: ESMP summary Kailahun Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibili Monitoring and Estimated /Social Impact ty for Reporting Schedule Costs Mitigation During Construction Phase Soil erosion • Levelling to reduce the impact Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 of erosion. • All bare areas should be well • Continuous landscaped to the original state after completion. • Continuous • Compact loose soils. • Continuous • Ensure management of excavation activities. • Continuous • Control earthworks. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 152 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Ensure proper disposal of • Continuous excavated loose soil. • Provide soil erosion control • Continuous and conservation structures where necessary. • Landscaping • Continuous Soil excavation • All slopes should be stabilised Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 and borrow pit • The area should be cordoned • Project management off with warning tapes completion • Excavation works should be managed to avoid creating massive craters that might endanger children or serve as breeding ground for mosquitoes. • Site should be restored by leveling and backfilling after pit is no longer required. Air pollution • Spray/ Watering for dust Contractor • Twice daily 1,000,000.00 (Dust) suppression at work sections. • Erection of speed control • Continuous signals and ramps • Covering of sand (both heaped • Daily and in haulage trucks) • Workers should be provided • Continuous with dust masks if working in sensitive areas. Occupational • Tool box (safety) meetings Contractor/C • Bi-weekly 2,500,000.00 Health and will be held on a daily basis onsultant/PC Safety • Awareness creation U • Monthly • Training of first aid team • Quarterly • Maintenance of accident book • Weekly • Provision of first aide kits and use of PPE • Daily HIV/AIDS and • HIV/AIDS and STIs Contractor/c • Project 1,500,000.00 STIs Awareness workshops onsultant/PC commencemen Management • Provision of free condoms U t • Peer group education • Weekly • Twice monthly Waste • Provision of waste bins at site Contractor • Daily 5,000,000.00 Management • Weekly Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 153 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Emptying of waste bins at • Daily waste dump sites • Decommissioning of toilets after project Road diversion • Posting of traffic wardens to Contractor • Daily 2,500,000.00 and traffic direct traffic flow Management • Mounting of road signs • Daily • Protecting actual working area • Daily Office site • Avoiding crops and physical Contractor • Project 2,500,000.00 reinstatement assets commencemen • Seeking landowner’s consent t • Reinstating site and agreeing • Project to hand over structure commencemen t • Project completion Noise Pollution • Maintain plant equipment. Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 • Restrict construction activities to daytime. • Provision of appropriate PPEs i.e., earplugs and earmuffs. • Appropriate selection of machinery. Oil leaks and • Machinery should be well Contractor • Continuous 1,500,000.00 spills maintained to prevent oil leaks. • Maintenance of construction vehicles should be carried out in the contractor’s yard and oil spills cleaned and disposed off as appropriate. Loss of • Avoidance of unnecessary Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 vegetation vegetation clearing and reinstating cleared vegetation • Replanting of trees where possible • Project • Avoid clearing culturally, completion economically and biologically • Continuous valued trees. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 154 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Design of the road to reduce frequent change of alignment so as to use the existing road alignment. • Where road realignment of the road is necessary, choose the least vegetated routes Storm water • Design and implement Contractor/c • Continuous Part of project drainage adequate hydraulic structures onsultant budget. for storm water disposal. • Use the existing drainage channels adjacent to the existing roads as cut off drainages. Road safety • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor • Continuous 2,500,000.00 signs allocated in a correct and direct position. • Speed controls • Speed limit signs should be on the road. Contaimination/ Contractor • Continuous 2,000,000.00 siltation of • Deposition of water bodies construction materials at least 50m from water bodies Protection of water bodies. Cultural •Protection of cultural sites. Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 heritage sites •Cordon off sites •Install warning signs •Follow the Chance Find Procedure Mandu Junction-Kpeje Baoma Junction and Mopama-Nyamyahun Junction; are excluded from the Cultural heritage sites During Operational Phase Road Signage • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor/ • Regular 2,500,000.00 signs allocated in a correct and Consultant Inspection and direct position. Mentainance Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 155 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Speed controls • Speed limit signs should be on the road. +6.4.8 Bonthe District Table 18: ESMP summary Bonthe Environmental Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsibili Monitoring and Estimated /Social Impact ty for Reporting Schedule Costs Mitigation During Construction Phase Soil erosion • Levelling to reduce the impact Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 of erosion. • All bare areas should be well • Continuous landscaped to the original state after completion. • Continuous • Compact loose soils. • Continuous • Ensure management of excavation activities. • Continuous • Control earthworks. • Ensure proper disposal of excavated loose soil. • Continuous • Provide soil erosion control and conservation structures • Continuous where necessary. • Landscaping • Continuous Soil excavation • All slopes should be stabilised Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 and borrow pit • The area should be cordoned • Project management off with warning tapes completion • Excavation works should be managed to avoid creating massive craters that might endanger children or serve as breeding ground for mosquitoes. • Site should be restored by leveling and backfilling after pit is no longer required. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 156 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Air pollution • Spray/ Watering for dust Contractor • Twice daily 1,000,000.00 (Dust) suppression at work sections. • Erection of speed control • Continuous signals and ramps • Covering of sand (both heaped • Daily and in haulage trucks) • Workers should be provided • Continuous with dust masks if working in sensitive areas. Occupational • Tool box (safety) meetings Contractor/C • Bi-weekly 2,500,000.00 Health and will be held on a daily basis onsultant/PC Safety • Awareness creation U • Monthly • Training of first aid team • Quarterly • Maintenance of accident book • Weekly • Provision of first aide kits and use of PPE • Daily HIV/AIDS and • HIV/AIDS and STIs Contractor/c • Project 1,500,000.00 STIs Awareness workshops onsultant/PC commencemen Management • Provision of free condoms U t • Peer group education • Weekly • Twice monthly Waste • Provision of waste bins at site Contractor • Daily 5,000,000.00 Management • Emptying of waste bins at • Weekly waste dump sites • Daily • Decommissioning of toilets after project Road diversion • Posting of traffic wardens to Contractor • Daily 2,500,000.00 and traffic direct traffic flow Management • Mounting of road signs • Daily • Protecting actual working area • Daily Office site • Avoiding crops and physical Contractor • Project 2,500,000.00 reinstatement assets commencemen • Seeking landowner’s consent t • Reinstating site and agreeing • Project to hand over structure commencemen t • Project completion Noise Pollution • Maintain plant equipment. Contractor • Continuous 1,000,000.00 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 157 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Restrict construction activities to daytime. • Provision of appropriate PPEs i.e., earplugs and earmuffs. • Appropriate selection of machinery. Oil leaks and • Machinery should be well Contractor • Continuous 1,500,000.00 spills maintained to prevent oil leaks. • Maintenance of construction vehicles should be carried out in the contractor’s yard and oil spills cleaned and disposed off as appropriate. Loss of • Avoidance of unnecessary Contractor • Continuous 5,000,000.00 vegetation vegetation clearing and reinstating cleared vegetation • Replanting of trees where possible • Project • Avoid clearing culturally, completion economically and biologically • Continuous valued trees. • Design of the road to reduce frequent change of alignment so as to use the existing road alignment. • Where road realignment of the road is necessary, choose the least vegetated routes Storm water • Design and implement Contractor/c • Continuous Part of project drainage adequate hydraulic structures onsultant budget. for storm water disposal. • Use the existing drainage channels adjacent to the existing roads as cut off drainages. Road safety • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor • Continuous 2,500,000.00 signs allocated in a correct and direct position. • Speed controls Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 158 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Speed limit signs should be on the road. Contaimination/ Contractor • Continuous 2,000,000.00 siltation of • Deposition of water bodies construction materials at least 50m from water bodies. Cultural • Protection of cultural sites. Contractor • Continuous heritage sites • Follow chance find procedure During Operational Phase Road Signage • Ensure road signs and safety Contractor / • Regular 2,500,000.00 signs allocated in a correct and Consultant Inspection and direct position. Mentainance • Speed controls • Speed limit signs should be on the road. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 159 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 6.5 ESMPs Implementation Budget The cost estimates provided in the Table below is for the implementation of mitigation measures, monitoring plan and capacity building requirements. No E&S Management Mitigation Measures/ Expected Outcome/ Rate Estimated Cost Area/ Institution Capacity Gaps Identified Capacity Building (Le) Measures (Le) 1 Water resources, • Construction of • Limitation and • 1,000,000.0 55,000,000.00 erosion control and embankments containment of 0 per road flood prevention spilled oil at site • Construction of side offices drains with settling basins • Reduction of siltation in nearby water bodies • 2,000,000.0 0 per road 110,000,000.00 Sub-Total 165,000,000.00 2 Dust and air quality • Water dousing • Reduction in • 1,000,000.0 55,000,000.00 dust generation 0 per day • Covering of sand (heaped and during transportation) Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 160 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Erection of road signals and ramps • 125,000.00 per road 6,875,000.00 Sub-Total 61,875,000.00 Public and • Provision of PPEs • Reduction in • 2,500,000.0 137,500,000.00 occupational health (nose masks, gloves, the exposure of 0 per road and safety ear plugs etc.) for workers to workers hazardous conditions Sub-Total 137,500,000.00 HIV/AIDS • Awareness • Reduction in • 1,500,000.0 82,500,000.00 campaigns the spread of 0 per road HIV • Distribution of condoms Sub-Total 82,500,000.00 Waste management • Waste segregation • Proper waste • 5,000,000.0 275,000.000.00 management 0 • Provision of toilets Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 161 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Carting of waste to designated dumpsites Sub-Total 275,000.000.00 Road diversion and • Posting of traffic • Increased road • 5,000,000.0 275,000,000.00 traffic Management wardens to direct safety 0 per road traffic flow • Mounting of road signs • Protecting actual working area Sub-Total 275,000.000.00 Office site • Avoiding crops and • Preventing • 2,500,000.0 137,500,000.00 reinstatement physical assets damage to local 0 per road assets • Seeking landowner’s consent • Reinstating site and agreeing to hand over structure Sub-Total 137,500,000.00 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 162 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Oil leaks and spills • Machinery should be • Protection of • 1,500,000.0 82,500,000.00 well maintained to soil and water 0 per road prevent oil leaks. bodies • Maintenance of construction vehicles should be carried out in the contractor’s yard Sub-Total 82,500,000.00 Loss of vegetation • Avoidance of • Protection of • 5,000,000.0 275,000,000.00 unnecessary natural flora 0 per road vegetation clearing and reinstating cleared vegetation • Replanting of trees where possible • Avoid clearing culturally, economically and biologically valued trees. • Design of the road to reduce frequent change of alignment so as to use the Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 163 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE existing road alignment. • Where road realignment of the road is necessary, choose the least vegetated routes Sub-Total 275,000,000.00 Contamination/Siltatio • Deposition of • Limiting • 1,500,000.0 82,500,000.00 n of water bodies construction contamination 0 materials at least of streams and 50m from water rivers bodies • Protection of water bodies. Sub-Total 82,500,000.00 Cultural heritage sites • Protection of • Limiting • 2,500,000.0 25,000,000.00 cultural sites disturbance to 0per road sensitive sites. Sub-Total 25,000,000.00 Road safety • Ensure road signs • Ensure road • 500,000.00 27,500,000.00 and safety signs safety per road Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 164 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE allocated in a correct and direct position. • Speed controls • Speed limit signs should be on the road. Sub-Total 27,500,000.00 Contractors • Inadequate • Training in L/S 40,000,000.00 knowledge of staff environmental in environmental & and social social measures management implementation implementation for the contractors Peer group educators • Inadequate know- • Training on L/S 20,000,000.00 and first aid team how on HIV HIV awareness management and creation first aid procedures methods and first aid procedures Training Consultants • N/A • Training of L/S 40,000,000.00 SLRA DEs & CWEs (by Consultants) Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 165 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Training of peer group educators and first aid team Sub-Total 100,000,000.00 Grand Total 1,726,875,000.00 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 166 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 6.6 Institutional Arrangements The implementation of this ESMP requires the collaboration and involvement of the key institutions. The figure below illustrates the institutional roles and arrangement in the implementation of the ESMPs. EPA determines the form the ESHIA/ESMP takes Consultant prepares and submits ESHIA/ESMP to EPA/WB/PCU EPA/WB/PCU review ESMP Consultant appeals to EPA if aggrieved by EPA’s decision (action or inaction) EPA grants Environmental Approval (fees paid by PCU)/WB clears & discloses ESMP E&S safeguards specifications included in contract document PCU awards contract Contractor mobilizes (provides work plan and E&S safeguards implementation schedules to PCU PCU notifies EPA of project commencement Contractor commences project (E&S safeguards implementation) Consultant conducts daily monitoring & submits monthly report to PCU PCU conducts monthly monitoring on E&S safeguards implementation PCU submits monthly/quarterly PCU submits monthly monitoring reports to WB reports to EPA WB conducts impromptu and annual monitoring EPA conducts compliance monitoring Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 167 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE The extent of monitoring activities, including their scope and periodicity, will be commensurate with the project’s risks and impacts. The Environmental Safeguard Specialist of the works supervising consultant firm is required to implement safeguard measures and relevant safeguard plans, as provided in the legal agreements, and to submit periodic monitoring reports on their implementation performance. SCADeP will require Consultant to: 1. establish and maintain procedures to monitor the progress of implementation of EMPs; 2. verify the compliance with environmental measures and their progress toward intended outcomes; 3. document and disclose monitoring results and identify necessary corrective and preventive actions in the periodic monitoring reports; 4. follow up on these actions to ensure progress toward the desired outcomes; and 5. Submit periodic monitoring reports on safeguard measures as agreed with SCADeP. SCADeP will carry out the following monitoring actions to supervise projects implementation: 1. conduct periodic site visits for projects with adverse environmental or social impacts; 2. conduct supervision missions with detailed review by SCADeP safeguard specialists/officers or consultants for the projects with significant adverse social or environmental impacts; 3. review the periodic monitoring reports submitted by Consultant to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are mitigated as planned and as agreed with SCADeP; 4. work with Consultant to rectify to the extent possible any failures to comply with their safeguard commitments, as covenanted in the legal agreements, and exercise remedies to reestablish compliance as appropriate; and 5. Prepare project completion reports that assesses whether the objective and desired outcomes of the EMPs have been achieved, taking into account the baseline conditions and the results of monitoring. Environmental Specialists/officers will be involved during all phases of project implementation: ESSS of the PCU, Environmental Officer for the Design and Supervision Engineer and the Environmental Officer for the Works Contractor. Regarding the implementation, the supervision and the monitoring of the ESMP, responsibilities, roles, tasks and frequencies are as follow: 1. The Contractor has the following responsibilities, roles and tasks: • Contractor’s supervising team and environmental officer implements the environmental mitigation measures and their related monitoring activities on a daily basis; • Environmental Officer carries out inspections on a weekly basis; Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 168 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Environmental Officer documents monitoring activities and results in a weekly environmental report; • In case of inadequate monitoring results, Environmental Officer identifies the necessary corrective actions through a Corrective Action Plan as soon as possible; • In cases of accidents (fire, explosion, oil spill, road accidents, etc.), the Contractor must notify the Engineer immediately. Initial notification might be verbal, but must be followed by a written report within 24 hours after the incident or accident happened; • Environmental Officer prepares weekly and monthly environmental report as part of Contractor’s monthly progress report. 2. The Design and Supervising Engineer has the following responsibilities, roles and tasks: • Supervise, monitor, inspect and coordinate, on a monthly basis, the tasks of the environmental, health & safety Officer and the Contractor’s construction activities; • Inspect sites Contractor are intending to use for construction camp (s), facilities, storage, parking, waste dumping, health & safety, etc. prior the start of operation, prepares the reports on the findings of inspection and submits to the PCU for approval, as soon as this information is available; • Review Corrective Action Plans provided by the Contractor and transfer to the engineer approval; • Inspect and supervise the implementation of corrective actions by the contractor to ensure their effectiveness soon after their implementation; • Monitor the effectiveness of the corrective actions; • Review the Contractor’s weekly monitoring reports to check on proper the data and information of the environmental monitoring activities; • Review and approve the documents submitted by Contractor based on consultation with PCU, updated ESMP, report outlines and templates, etc.; • Prepare a monthly progress report based on contractor monthly progress report, including environmental safeguards and monitoring implementation; 3. The PCU responsibilities, roles and tasks are: • Regularly inspect construction activities; • Review the monthly environmental safeguards, including monitoring reports submitted by the Engineer; • Keep the recording of monitoring data; Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 169 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE • Prepare and submit to the WB and DFID monthly reports; • Other broader tasks assigned to PCU include the general management of the ESMP and ensuring compliance to EPA-SL and WB Environmental and Social Safeguard policies. 6.7 Grievance Redress Mechanism In order to receive and facilitate the resolution of affected peoples’ concerns, complaints, and grievances about the project’s environmental and social performance, an Environmental Grievance Redress Mechanism will be established for the Community Development Plan. When and where the need arises, the mechanism will be used for addressing any complaints that arise during the implementation of the projects identified under the Community Development Plan. The Grievance Redress Mechanism will be integrated with the Grievance Redress Mechanism already in put in place by SCADeP during the just concluded GAP roads project to address social complaints that may arise during the road construction project. SCADeP has Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs) set up and active on all four levels including Project, District, Chiefdom and Sectional levels. The District level GRCs have been established in 13 out of 15 districts, excluding Western Area Urban where the project does not operate. The remaining two new districts Falaba and Karene were established in mid-2018 and will have GRCs set up once all required staff positions have been filled, such as Civil Works Engineer and Environmental and Social Officer. New project areas will go through a similar process of setting up a local GRC and receiving support and continuous engagement throughout the project activity. The Community Development Plan will largely be constituted of activities such as rural access roads, culverts, small irrigation schemes, toilet, market places, small drinking water supply schemes, the environmental concerns that the communities may have in relation to the implementation the project are to be addressed by the Grievance Redress Mechanism of the road construction project. Since these are small scale activities, decided upon in consultation with the communities themselves, a basic mechanism will be sufficient to address the likely concerns. Consultant will inform the community members of this mechanism with assistance from local leaders, village elders, and community representatives. 6.8 Grievance Focal Points, Complaints Reporting, Recording and Monitoring Environment complaints can be received through Grievance Focal Points (GFPs), these will be designated personnel at various levels who would be responsible for receiving the Environmental complaint, resolving it or ensuring that it reaches the right quarters where it may be resolved. These designated GFPs may be village level local leaders, or village elders. Affected people may report their complaint for registration through a personal visit, call or letter to any of the GFPs. Each focal Point will maintain a record of the complaints received and will follow up on their rapid resolution. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 170 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE The Consultant will enter and maintain a complete record of all Environmental complaints received alongside the record-book that serves as the social complaints register. The Consultant will also keep track of their status and will ensure that they are resolved. The grievance redress focal persons will be the Chiefs and youth leaders in the various communities along the project roads. Their names and contact details were collected during the initial assessment phase of the engineering design phase of the project. The consultant has been in constant engagement with them during all the phases of the project completed so far. During the construction phase they will be incharge of bringing to the attention of the site engineer and the environmental safety officer of the client any issue they may have observed to be wrong or reported to them by members of their community. They will aslo serve as intermediaries and gurantors in cases of contract negotiations between contractors and locals. The GRM focal persons will work closely with the site engineer and the site engineer in turn will pass on details to the Project Manager and the environmental safeguard specialist. The council environmental officers will also play a part in ensuring that proper supervision of the ESMP implementation is adhered to. Table 19: Timeline for Grievance Redress Steps Process Description Time frame 1. Grievance receipt -Face to face; phone; letter, recorded during public/ 1-2 Days and registration/ community meetings; recorded from Sectional logging Committee, Chiefdom Committee or District Committee etc. -Significance assessed and grievance recorded or logged using the model complaint form and filed. 2. Development and -GRC meets or takes a decision on the grievance 5-14 Days implementation of response -Grievance assigned to appropriate party for resolution if necessary -Response development with input from relevant stakeholders -Redress response/action approved by GRC and logged Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 171 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Steps Process Description Time frame -Redress response/update of progress on resolution communicated to the complainant -Start implementing redress action 3 Verifying the -Redress action implemented and verified by GRC. 7-14 Days implementation of redress action -GRC satisfied with implementation of redress action 4 Close grievance -Completion of redress action recorded or logged 15-25 Days or escalate to higher level GRC -Confirm with complainant that grievance can be closed or determine what follow up is necessary -Record final sign off of grievance If grievance cannot be closed, escalate to higher level GRC or with PCU Project level GRC directly 5 Court of Law -if escalation to higher GRC does not address dispute, Unknown complainant can resort to court of law 6 Monitoring and Grievance Redress Mechanism Process is - Evaluation and documented and monitored by GRC and PCU M&E reporting Team CHAPTER SEVEN - PUBLIC CONSULTATION, INFORMATION AND DISCLOSURE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 172 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 7.1 Public Consultation and Participation Public participation and community consultation have been taken up as an integral part of social and environmental assessment process of the project. Consultation was used as a tool to inform and educate stakeholders about the proposed action both before and after the development decisions were made. It assisted in identification of the problems associated with the project as well as the needs of the population likely to be impacted. This participatory process helped in reducing the public resistance to change and enabled the participation of the local people in the decision-making process. Initial Public consultation has been carried out in the project areas with the objectives of minimizing probable adverse impacts of the project and to achieve speedy implementation of the project through bringing in awareness among the community on the benefits of the project. Different stakeholders were consulted to give them the opportunity to express their views and concerns. As part of the process, they were also provided with relevant and sufficient information on the project prior to its start - up. These stakeholders include the central and local authorities, as well as the residents along the settlements of the various project roads so as to determine their thoughts, opinions and feedback on the impact of the project in their respective areas. Socio- economic information was obtained during informal meetings with local authorities during the field visits as well as the information obtained from field survey. Significant efforts were made to reach as many people as possible. For each of the project roads the consultant organized consultations with project affected people and other stakeholders. Consultation was based on the following principles: 1. Early start in the project preparation stage and continuation throughout the project cycle; 2. Timely disclosure of relevant information in a comprehensible and readily accessible to affected people format; 3. Ensuring the absence of intimidation or coercion during public consultation; 4. Gender inclusive and responsive with focus on disadvantaged and vulnerable groups, and 5. Enabling the integration of all relevant views of affected people and stakeholders into decision-making. Public consultations along the project routes were done in December, 2018. 7.2 Findings from Public Consultation Meeting The data obtained from public consultation and views as well as concerns from different stakeholders are given in details in Table below. The people who participated in the public consultation, their signed attendance sheets are available in Appendix along with photographs. Gender Question/comment Response and how addressed in ESIA Male After extending his The consultant team, appreciation on the project, he explained that there will be an Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 173 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE asked How the compensation inventory of assets, houses, will be carried out? crops, land, etc, which are likely to be affected. Thereafter consultant will proceed with compensation in line with the guidelines provided by the law, and the District regulations. The audience was however assured that work will not commence until all related claims and compensations have been settled and that the affected persons will be happy with the outcome Male What will be the criteria for This largely depends on the recruitment? Will there be types of jobs and will be tests? assessed on a case by case basis. Female She said “I am happy for this The consultant team project, as it comes to solve ascertained that the whole the problem of transport and process of compensation and isolation� However, she payment will be carefully expressed her worries with carried out in strict respect of regard to the payment / the law, and the District compensation regulations. Furthermore, this process will include local authorities and PAPs representatives. Female How does this project help The project will benefit all vulnerable people, people people and it needs people with disabilities? with the ability to work on the project as well. The bridge sidewalks will be provided with access ramps to facilitate the movement of disable people. Female Priority for jobs should also Priority will include women, consider women; women can there will not be discriminated do the same work against women if they are able to accomplish specific task. Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 174 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Male Raised the issue of The consultant team explained employment, he suggested that local people will be that the local people should be involved in the employment, the first ones to be employed especially those with skills. during project implementation But those with no skills will be taken as manpower in the project implementation. Female Will people have a choice on The laws of the country and price for their crops or houses the rules of the District will be destroyed? followed and applied Male What about the material to be The project team explained used in rehabilitation (Stones, that the rehabilitation will use or macadam) a compact laterite. The implementation of the project will be done according to Feeder roads standard Female What benefits will there be for Apart from jobs, there will be the population? road rehabilitation which will improve mobility for the population as well as their goods. Female When will the project start? Research is still being undertaken but the project may start as soon as the EIA is approved Female The project is genuine and The consultant team very good for us, but how suggested that they will make about the loose of land, crops, a list of people affected, and houses, etc apply the rules and regulation in line with compensation. The RAP will investigate these losses Female The roads create lot of dust The increase in dust and noise and noise during harvest will be at construction site and season when trucks are will be mitigated. However, moving; is there any increase with better roads the fuel anticipate consumption and emission will also decrease Male What will happen to cultural The consultant team explained sites along the road? that this project is a spot improvemt project, hence, construction activities will be Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 175 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE focused primarily at the river/stream/swamp crossings or at critical sections along the road. Cultural sites will be respected and protected. CHAPTER EIGHT – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1 Conclusions The spot improvement project will avoid most of the adverse negetative environmental impacts associated with the construction of new roads or the wholsale rehabilitation and maintenance of existing feeder roads. This is primarily down the fact that construction activites will be restricted to the existing carriageway and limited to only the crossing points and critical sections that have been determined to pose the biggest obstacle to the serviceability of the road. This surgical nature of the construction activities will leave the vast majority of the road alignment untouched by construction activities. The spot improvement project has been determined to be environmentally and soacially feasible with regards to its potential negative and positive impacts on the environment and the lives of the people in the project area. The project has also been determined to be worthy from an engineering and economic standpoint, owing to the possible contribution it will make interms of reduced travel times, reduced vehicle operating costs, reduced fuel consumption, increased connectivity to distruct HQ towns, increased access to markets, schools and hospitals. On the other hand, there are some negative environment and social implications that need to be addressed. While there is a general acceptability of the road by the local community, exposure to cultural interference and risks to the general safety are among concerns of the local communities. No serious adverse direct or indirect impacts are anticipated in respect of environmentally sensitive areas, providing also that the recommended mitigation measures are implemented. Based on nature of the project, environmental baseline data collected, environmental impacts anticipated and environmental mitigation measures proposed, the following conclusions are drawn: Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 176 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 1. The project roads in all the eight (8) districts do not involve any realignment and only relates to spot improvements of critical sections and the construction and rehabilitation of drainage structures. No relocation activity will take place as part of this project since all the work will take place along the existing alignment. Furthermore, construction work will not occur in any sensitive areas like demarcated forests, sanctuaries, historical places, etc. The project only involves the filling of depressions and pot holes, providing road side drainage, replacement/reconstruction of small bridges and culverts, providing gravel surface and treating steep slope surfaces. 2. The overall impact on air and noise quality during construction is limited to site and of short duration and can be mitigated. The disturbance will only be felt during the hauling of materials to the construction areas and adequate mitigation measures have been recommended to reduce its effect. The project roads have high connectivity and are either directly or indirectly connected to the major truck roads within the district, hence, their recommendation for improvement by the district councils. The integration of these roads with National Road System will help in economic development of the region. One of the important aims of rehabilitating these roads is to provide access to the rural areas and to improve quality of life of local community. Hence the proposed feeder road rehabilitation will play an important role in economic growth and reduction of the poverty. Educational, cultural and health centres will have an easy access thus making improved living standards and quality life of the people. 3. The major positive achievements of feeder road project are: • The road network these districts with other major Roads; • Development of social and cultural environment of not only influence area but also the surrounding district; • Establishment of agriculture development will stimulate ancillary projects which will improve economic status of the local population; • More employment of people during construction and operation phases; • Less travel time to schools, health centre and markets; • Development of potential socio-economic centres, enhancement of rural economy and improved transport system; • Skill Transfer and Training; • Potential to improve drainage, road safety and reduction in greenhouse gases; 4. The environmental and social mitigation measures as stipulated in ESMP and in the obtained environmental permit shall be monitored during implementation of the feeder road project. In order to perform monitoring of ESMP the Design and Supervision Consultant shall monitor the plans in collaboration with the SLRA, Councils and SCADeP. 5. The labour camps shall be established away from the forest/marshy and water bodies to avoid the problem of water pollution. 6. The environmental monitoring will be required before the start of the construction and during the construction and operation phases. The following parameters need to be monitored: Water Quality, Air Quality, Noise quality, and Soils. 7. During public consultation few recommendations were drawn. They include: Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 177 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE I. Involve local communities in all stages of project planning and development; II. Permanent communication between project initiators and local authorities; III. Grievance redress and monitoring register have to be set-up and the process be publicized in the affected areas; and IV. During construction, PAPs shall be given priority in the employment of skilled and unskilled manpower. 8.2 Recommendations Taking into account all the information that has been accumulated during the course of this study it concluded that the project stands to bring immense benefit to the project areas. The anticipated negative impacts are within manageable limits and can be mitigated with the proposed management plans and hence project may be implemented. Base on the above conclusion, the following recommendations have been drawn: 1. Integrate suggested mitigation measures as outlined in this report in the designs for all sections of the road project for implementation during construction and use of the road; 2. Involve the communities and other stakeholders, particularly property owners, to the extent possible on planning the works, especially where property, habitations and other aspects of social interest are concerned; 3. At the institutional level there should be a clear need for capacity building and the training of more staff to carry out environmental monitoring; 4. Institute effective communication, education and awareness towards the project beneficiaries for enhanced acceptability and social harmony; 5. Where relevant, hasten the evaluation process of all affected private property and facilitate appropriate compensations in accordance with the law before the commencement of the construction works. 6. The SLRA is advised to liaise with the Provincial Administration, Local Councils and other relevant authorities giving way for the road construction; 7. The proponent and their contractor should implement the proposed project as per the environmental management plan and the EIA Lead Expert should oversee compliance; 8. The development of a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) to address all social issues emanating from the implementation of the works; 9. Successful bidders for the construction works should make an undertaking to give preference to residents living along the various project roads in the hiring of skilled and unskilled labour (where such labour becomes readily available). Supervising Engineer should ensure that contractor’s labour hiring plan is consistent with the provisions of the ESMP and the undertaking made by the works contractors; 10. Several activities associated with the Project are expected to induce in-migration of job and business seekers into the Social Study Area (SSA) at a relatively large scale. Successful bidders of the works contract should be requested to submit an In-Migration Management Plan (IMMP) to address the specific impacts that are anticipated to occur as a result of the project as identified in the ESHIA studies. This plan should set out a formal system by Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 178 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE which the would-be contractor will manage mitigation measures that will reduce the impacts on Project induced in-migration. The IMMP should discuss the procurement of local goods and services in a manner that will seek to dis-incentivise opportunistic non- locals from migrating to the area seeking employment and economic opportunities. 11. Site Restoration. By the end of rehabilitation and maintenance phase and prior to handover of the site, the Contractor will reinstate the site which will include clearing the site of all construction related material and waste and transportation to a disposal place. Landscaping activities include grass- seeding on slopes. Final payment to the Contractor is subject to the site being restored to satisfaction of the Employer and affected local communities. 8.3 Disclosure of Environmental and Social Safeguards Instrument The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) through SCADeP will disclose this ESHIA Report by making copies available at its head office and in Districts where project roads are situated. The copies shall also be made available to the local government’s agencies, the Environmental and Social Group and other stakeholders. REFERENCES 1. Agro-ecological Atlas of Sierra Leone: A survey and Appraisal of Climate and Crop Resources. 2. Biggs, Stephen D. Informal and Formal Data Collection Methods in Agricultural Research Programs. University of East Anglia 1983. 3. Consultant Design Review Report (SCADeP, 2017) 4. Dijkerman et.al. Profiles and Classification of Soils in Sierra Leone. 1964 5. EMSF and RPF for RPSDP 6. Environmental and Scientific Consulting Group. Watershed Degradation in Sierra Leone. Final Draft Report. National Aid Coordinating Secretariat, Freetown.1988. 7. EPA Act of 2008, (Amended 2010) 8. ESHIA Studies for the Rehabilitation of Bandajuma – Pujehun Road (SLRA) 9. ESHIA Studies for the Upgrading of the Kambia – Tompari Road (SLRA) 10. ESHIA Studies for the Upgrading of the Bo – Bandajuma Highway (SLRA) Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 179 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 11. ESHIA Studies for the Upgrading of the Kenema – Zimi Road (SLRA) 12. FAO. A Framework for Land Evaluation. 1976 13. FAO. Guidelines for Soil Profile Description. 1966 14. FAO. Soil Bulletin No. 52, 1983. 15. FAO/LRSP.TR.1. Land in Sierra Leone: A Reconnaissance Survey and Evaluation for Agriculture Based on the Work of Birchall, et al. 1979 16. FAO/LRSP.TR.2. Vegetation and Land Use in Sierra Leone. Based on the Work of Gordon et al. 1980 17. FAO/LRSP.TR.5. Agro-Ecological Atlas of Sierra Leone: A survey and Appraisal of Climate and Crop Resources. Based on the Work of Kowal et al. 1980 18. FAO/UNDP/MAF. Lineation Map of the Basement Complex of Sierra Leone 1980 19. FAO. Irrigation and Drainage. Paper 58. 1995 20. Gbenda, T.S. (2003). Centre for the Coordination of Youth Activities (CCYA) Moves To Avert Blood Bath In Kono. Standard Times April 13th, 2003. 21. Gilpin, R and Gray, O. Land Tenure in Sierra Leone. Revisiting the Debate. A Bank of Sierra Leone Publication. 22. Goldsmith P.F. and Young Anthony. Soil Survey and Land Evaluation in Developing Countries. A Case Study in Malawi. The Geographical Journal vol. 143, par. Nov. 1997 23. Gunaratnam, S and A. Nasim. Water supply and sanitation. National Action Plan. Sierra Leone. UNDP/WHO March, 1981. 24. International Water Supply Consultants. Outline for a Study of Deep Ground Water Resources. Technical Proposal. Republic of Sierra Leone 198 25. Modak, P. &Biswas K. Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment for Developing Countries, United Nation University, 1999. 26. Mott Macdonald International. Sub-Station Africa Hydrological Assessment. West Africa Countries. Country Report. Sierra Leone. 1983 27. National Population Census of Sierra Leone (2015) 28. National Recovery Strategy Sierra Leone 2002-2003. 29. Sannoh, W. Water Quality Surveillance in Sierra Leone: Workshop on Water Supply and Sanitation in Sierra Leone. Freetown 26 – 28 May 1993. 30. SCADeP Project Proposal Document 31. Scoping the Environmental Impacts of Bridges and Culvert (Environmental Agency) 32. Sierra Leone Government Report of National Seminar on Statistical Education and Training. 1986 33. Structural Adjustment and Household Welfare in Rural Areas. FAO Economic and Social Development Paper, Rome 1991. 34. Technical report 5, Land Resources Survey Sierra Leone. UNDP/FAO, 1980. 35. The Environmental Protection Agency Act, 2008 Sierra Leone Gazette Vol. CXXXI, No. 14, 2nd March 2000 36. The World Bank. Environmental Assessment Sourcebooks Vol. 1-111 1991. 37. The World Bank Draft – Occupation Health and Safety Guidelines. 199 38. Thomas Armand C. The Population of Sierra Leone. 1983 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 180 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 39. World Bank (1986). Operational Policy Note 11.03 – Management of Cultural property in Bank-funded Projects 40. World Bank (1991). Operational Policy Note 4.20 – Indigenous Peoples. 41. World Bank (1999). Operational Policy 4.01 – Environmental Assessment. 42. World Bank (2001). Operational Policy 4.04 – Natural Habitats. 43. World Bank (2001). Operational Policy 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement. 44. World Bank (2001). Operational Policy 4.37 – Safety of Dams. 45. World Bank (2002). Operational Policy 4.36 – Forests. 46. Wright, J.B., Hastings, D.A., Jones, W.B. and H.R. Williams (1985). Geology and mineral resources of West Africa. Allen and Unwin, London, UK, 187p Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 181 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: List of stakeholders and affected persons consulted Appendix 2: Photos of FGDs with Communities and community engegement along the Project Route Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 182 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 183 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Appendix 3: EPA Checklist for ESHIA License Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 184 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 185 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE APPENDIX 4: In-situ and Laboratory Tests results Dust levels along the road corridor in Moyamba district Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 186 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Location Date Time Measured Values (mg/m3) Largo 10/12/18 10:45 0.012 Belebu 10/12/18 11:55 0.014 Bauya 10/12/18 14:30 0.022 Gangama 10/12/18 15:55 0.026 Rotifunk 11/12/18 09:35 0.020 Motobon 11/12/18 12:10 0.019 Mogbuoma 11/12/18 14:35 0.015 Gondama 11/12/18 16:40 0.017 Kawela 12/12/18 10:55 0.018 Toabu 12/12/18 12:25 0.010 Senehun 12/12/18 15:40 0.014 Palewahun 12/12/18 17:10 0.070 Ambient noise level measured along road corridor in Moyamba District Location Date Time Noise Level Range (dBA) Largo 10/12/18 10:45 40-56 Belebu 10/12/18 11:55 44-61 Bauya 10/12/18 14:30 43-53 Gangama 10/12/18 15:55 42-63 Rotifunk 11/12/18 09:35 42-63 Motobon 11/12/18 12:10 37-53 Mogbuoma 11/12/18 14:35 39-56 Gondama 11/12/18 16:40 41-63 Kawela 12/12/18 10:55 44-57 Toabu 12/12/18 12:25 43-61 Senehun 12/12/18 15:40 44-55 Palewahun 12/12/18 17:10 43-60 Dust levels measured along road corridor in Kono District Location Date Time Measured Values (mg/m3) Sewafe 08/12/18 11:45 0.011 Madina 08/12/18 12:55 0.019 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 187 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Babakunaya Junction 08/12/18 15:30 0.012 kayima 08/12/18 17:55 0.026 Yardu 09/12/18 09:35 0.061 Yeikuma 09/12/18 12:10 0.019 Foemagado 09/12/18 17:37 0.017 Ambient noise levels measured along the road alignment in Kono District Location Date Time Noise Level Range (dBA) Sewafe 08/12/18 11:45 43-58 Madina 08/12/18 12:55 44-56 Babakunaya Junction 08/12/18 15:30 43-59 kayima 08/12/18 17:55 45-68 Yardu 09/12/18 09:35 46-73 Yeikuma 09/12/18 12:10 42-53 Foemagado 09/12/18 17:37 40-56 Dust levels measured along the road corridor in Kailahun District Location Date Time Measured Values (mg/m3) Borbu 5/12/18 09:45 0.011 Jorlu 5/12/18 11:35 0.015 Kailahun 5/12/18 12:30 0.012 Baoma 6/12/18 14:55 0.260 Buedu 6/12/18 10:35 0.022 Bandujuma 6/12/18 11:10 0.190 Kosalia 7/12/18 14:35 0.015 Mandu junction 7/12/18 16:40 0.017 Ngiehun 7/12/18 9:45 0.018 Mendu Buma 7/12/18 11:25 0.022 Mopama 8/12/18 14:40 0.025 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 188 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Nyanyahun 8/12/18 17:10 0.020 Noise levels measured along the road corridor in Kailahun District Location Date Time Noise Level Range (dBA) Borbu 5/12/18 09:45 42-58 Jorlu 5/12/18 11:35 40-64 Kailahun 5/12/18 12:30 51-80 Baoma 6/12/18 14:55 42-63 Buedu 6/12/18 10:35 42-66 Bandujuma 6/12/18 11:10 48-66 Kosalia 7/12/18 14:35 36-57 Mandu junction 7/12/18 16:40 43-65 Ngiehun 7/12/18 9:45 44-57 Mendu Buma 7/12/18 11:25 43-61 Mopama 8/12/18 14:40 44-55 Nyanyahun 8/12/18 17:10 41-60 Dust levels measured along the road corridor in Bonthe District Location Date Time Measured Values (mg/m3) Tihun 15/12/18 10:00 0.054 Gerehun 15/12/18 11:15 0.017 Wolleh 15/12/18 14:40 0.025 Mende 15/12/18 16:55 0.016 Manjama 16/12/18 09:35 0.023 Palewahun 16/12/18 11:10 0.014 Kpandebu 16/12/18 13:45 0.013 Togoleh 16/12/18 17:40 0.027 Sobaleh 17/12/18 09:55 0.012 Bengeh 17/12/18 11:25 0.010 Kanga 17/12/18 14:40 0.055 Griema 17/12/18 17:10 0.080 Noise levels measured along road corridor in Bonthe District Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 189 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Location Date Time Noise Level Range (dBA) Tihun 15/12/18 10:00 43-55 Gerehun 15/12/18 11:15 41-51 Wolleh 15/12/18 14:40 40-57 Mende 15/12/18 16:55 45-73 Manjama 16/12/18 09:35 42-63 Palewahun 16/12/18 11:10 41-54 Kpandebu 16/12/18 13:45 39-55 Togoleh 16/12/18 17:40 39-61 Sobaleh 17/12/18 09:55 44-57 Bengeh 17/12/18 11:25 40-61 Kanga 17/12/18 14:40 41-57 Griema 17/12/18 17:10 38-63 Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 190 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Water Quality test result for Port Loko District No Sample TDS EC Turbidity Fe2+ Cl- Mn CO23- HCO23- NO3- Ca2+ Mg2+ Al3+ Total EColi Reference PH T°C Ppm ᶙs/cm NTU Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Coliform /100 /100 1 Rogberay Jct- 7 37 20.8 29.7 9.1 0.29 - 0.03 - - 2.8 11 2.8 0.08 35 25 Komrabai 2 Gbomtrait- - Makasi 7 30.7 10.6 15.1 10.4 0.02 - 0.06 - 2.4 38 9.4 0.11 40 20 3 Magbain- Fedugu 8 31 90.1 129 8 0.07 - 0.05 - - 4.6 10 2.6 0.25 10 15 Water quality test result for Kambia District No Sample TDS EC Turbidity Fe2+ Cl- Mn CO23- HCO23- NO3- Ca2+ Mg2+ Al3+ Total EColi Reference PH T°C Ppm ᶙs/cm NTU Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Coliform /100 /100 1 Rogberay - 7 21 20.8 29.7 9.1 0.29 - 0.03 - - 2.8 11 2.8 0.08 35 25 Mapontonlon 2 Gbomtrait - 7 29 10.6 15.1 10.4 0.02 - 0.06 - - 2.4 38 9.4 0.11 40 20 Makasi 3 MalaiSoko - 8 26 90.1 129 8 0.07 - 0.05 - - 4.6 10 2.6 0.25 10 15 Royama 4 Magbain - 6 22 10.6 15.1 10.4 0.02 - 0.06 - - 2.4 38 9.4 0.11 40 20 Fedugu 5 Masorie - 6 20 90.1 119 8 0.07 - 0.04 - - 4.6 10 2.6 0.25 10 14 Mamalikie Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 191 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Water quality test result for Moyamba District No Sample TDS EC Turbidity Fe2+ Cl- Mn CO23- HCO23- NO3- Ca2+ Mg2+ Al3+ Total EColi Reference PH T°C Ppm ᶙs/cm NTU Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Coliform /100 /100 1 Mogbuoma - 7 22 20.4 29.8 9.3 0.29 - 0.03 - - 2.8 11 2.8 0.08 35 25 Gondama Water quality test result for Kenema District No Sample TDS EC Turbidity Fe2+ Cl- Mn CO23- HCO23- NO3- Ca2+ Mg2+ Al3+ Total EColi Reference PH T°C Ppm ᶙs/cm NTU Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Coliform /100 /100 1 Kenema- 7 29.3 20.8 29.7 9.1 0.29 - 0.03 - - 2.8 11 2.8 0.08 38 29 Konede- Vaahun 2 Sendumei-Jui 7 30.1 11.6 15.1 10.4 0.02 - 0.06 - - 2.4 38 9.4 0.11 30 20 3 Gbomgboma- 8 31.2 80.1 119 8 0.07 - 0.05 - - 4.6 10 2.6 0.25 10 15 Leppiama 4 Blama- - - - - 0.48 0 15 0.1 - 25 7.4 48 - TNTC Golahun- Vaama 5 GeimaDama- 7 37 20.8 29.7 9.1 0.29 - 0.03 - - 2.8 11 2.8 0.08 35 25 Kebawana Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 192 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 6 PatamaDama- 7 30.7 10.6 15.1 0.48 0 15 0.1 - 25 7.4 48 0.48 0.11 40 20 Kpandemei 7 Ngiehun- 6 37 20.8 29.7 9.1 0.29 - 0.03 - - 2.8 11 2.8 0.08 15 25 Mende Bumer 8 Bandajuma - 6 30.7 10.6 15.1 10.4 0.02 - 0.06 - - 2.4 38 9.4 0.11 40 20 Kosiala Water quality test result for Kono District No Sample TDS EC Turbidity Fe2+ Cl- Mn CO23- HCO23- NO3- Ca2+ Mg2+ Al3+ Total EColi Reference PH T°C Ppm ᶙs/cm NTU Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Coliform /100 /100 1 Babakunaya– 7 24 20.9 30.8 9.7 0.27 - 0.04 - - 2.9 11 2.8 0.08 35 25 Kayima Water quality test result for Kailahun District No Sample TDS EC Turbidity Fe2+ Cl- Mn CO23- HCO23- NO3- Ca2+ Mg2+ Al3+ Total EColi Reference PH T°C Ppm ᶙs/cm NTU Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Mg/L Coliform /100 /100 1 Ngiehun- 6 37 20.8 29.7 9.1 0.29 - 0.03 - - 2.8 11 2.8 0.08 15 25 MendeBumer 2 Bandajuma - 6 30.7 10.6 15.1 10.4 0.02 - 0.06 - - 2.4 38 9.4 0.11 40 20 Kosiala Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 193 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Appendix 5: Baseline Summary Table No District /Road No of No of No Public No of Number No of No Names communities schools Health water trees to be buildings/plantations cultural Centers points cut that need heritage compensation sites 1 WARD 1 Newton-Robis 2 Nil Nil 1 Nil Nil N 2 Mayeimi Bana – 4 1 Nil 2 ≥20 Banana ≥10 Mango 5 Nil Songo Jnt 2 PORT LOKO 1 Malai Soko - 3 Nil Nil 3 ≥10 1 Nil Royema Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 194 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 2 Rogberay- 3 Nil Nil 1 Nil Nil Nil Komrabai 3 Maforay- 5 1 Nil 1 ≥3 Nil nil Makaiba 4 Mafoimarah- 4 Nil Nil 3 Nil Nil Nil Mateikoh 5 Gbomtrait-Makasi 5 2 1 1 1 Nil 1 6 Kambia makama- 5 Nil Nil 2 >5 Nil 1 Madeh 7 Masimera- 11 1 1 3 <150 Nil 2 mabanka- Mayolla 8 Masorie- 2 Nil Nil 1 Nil Nil Nil Mamalikie 9 Magbain-Fedugu 6 Nil Nil 3 >7 Nil Nil 10 Gbaneh- Lungi 6 Nil Nil 1 1 Nil Nil 11 Thullah Street – Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Kamen Wharf 3 KAMBIA Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 195 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 1 Rogberay - 19 1 1 5 <27 Nil Nil Mapontonlon 2 Bamoi Luma – 12 1 1 1 Nil 5 Nil Katic Jnt 3 Masunthu - 2 Nil Nil 2 4 Nil 1 Maselleh 4 Gbonkomaria - 2 Nil Nil 1 ≥8 Nil Nil Kathakera 5 Mambolo - Rokel 3 1 Nil 1 >5 Nil Nil 6 Kathirie - 2 1 Nil 2 >3 Nil 2 Mafafilla 4 MOYAMBA 1 Largo - Belebu 3 Nil Nil 2 2 Nil 1 2 Kawela - Toabu 3 Nil Nil 3 Nil Nil Nil 3 Bauya- Gangama 11 1 Nil 5 ≥5 Nil 2 4 Rotifunk - 6 1 Nil 5 ≥23 Nil Nil Motobon 5 Senehun - 7 Nil Nil 2 2 Building 1 2 Palewahun Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 196 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 6 Mogbouma - 4 1 Nil 2 Nil Nil Nil Gondama 5 KENEMA 1 Kpetewoma- 2 Nil Nil 4 <20 Nil Nil Yorvuhun 2 Bambara Jnt- 2 Nil Nil 3 4 Nil Nil Bambara 3 Yaweima- Saama 2 Nil Nil 1 Nil Nil Nil 4 Blama- Jowomei 2 1 1 1 Nil Nil 1 5 Blama-Golahun- 11 2 Nil 3 <7 Nil 3 Vaama 6 Kenema- 11 3 2 2 2 Nil 3 Komende- Vaahun 7 Gbandalahun- 2 Nil Nil 1 ≥3 Nil Nil Maina 8 Sendumei- Jui 3 Nil Nil 2 ≥5 Nil Nil 9 Yawaju- Woyama 2 1 Nil 1 4 Nil Nil 10 Pata Dama- 6 1 Nil 3 ≤4 Nil Nil Kpandemei Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 197 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 11 Geima Dama- 9 2 1 4 14 Nil 1 Kebawana 12 Gbomboma Jnt- 6 1 Nil 2 >2 Nil 1 Lekpeyama 6 KONO 1 Sewafe- Madina 2 Nil Nil 2 >2 Nil 1 2 Babakunaya Jnt- 24 3 Nil 10 <14 Building 2 plantation 2 Kayima 1 3 Yardu- Yeikuma 10 2 Nil 2 >3 Nil 1 4 Kayima- 2 Nil Nil 2 >5 Nil Nil Feomagado 7 KAILAHUN 1 Borbu - Jurbu 3 Nil Nil 3 3 5 2 2 Mopama- 3 Nil Nil 1 Nil Nil 1 Nyanyahun 3 Kailahun- Baoma 6 Nil Nil 2 3 Nil 1 4 Ngeihun- 2 1 Nil 2 3 1 Nil Mendebumer Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 198 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE 5 Bandajuma- 7 Nil Nil 3 Nil 1 2 Kosiala 6 Mandu Jnt – 3 1 1 3 1 >10 1 Kpeje Baoma 8 BONTHE 1 Tihun- Gerehun 2 Nil Nil 1 <5 1 2 2 Kpandebu - 2 Nil Nil 2 Nil Nil 1 Tongoleh 3 Kanga – 2 Nil Nil 1 Nil Building 1 plantations Nil Nyandehun ≤30 Kanga 4 Wolleh- Mende 2 Nil Nil 2 <20 ≥5 Nil 5 Sogbaleh- 2 Nil Nil 1 1 <10 Nil Gbengeh 6 Wolleh - Greima 3 Nil Nil 1 8 Building 1 Nil Plantation<5 7 Manjama- 2 Nil Nil 2 Nil <8 1 Palewahun Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 199 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 200 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Appendix 6: Maps of Project Roads Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 201 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 202 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 203 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 204 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 205 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 206 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 207 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 208 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Appendix 7: Maps Showing Locations where Noise, Dust and Water Quality samples were collected Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 209 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 210 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR THE CONSULTING SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN, PREPARATION OF BIDDING DOCUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFEGUARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT MONITORING AND CONTRACT SUPERVISION OF SPOTS IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL BRIDGES AND CULVERTS IN EIGHT (8) DISTRICTS IN SIERRA LEONE Tel:+23222222814/+23279358141 Email: iscgsl2004@gmail.com 211