The Program on Forests (PROFOR) multidonor partnership is committed to strengthening forests’ contribution to poverty reduction, sustainable economic development, and the protection of global and local environmental values through in-depth analysis, innovative tools, knowledge sharing, and policy guidance. INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 1 FOREWORD The year 2015 was pivotal for the global agenda on sustainable development with the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. These decisive agreements by global leaders reaffirmed the central role forests must play in meeting the pressing development challenges we face—mitigating and adapting to climate change, creating resilient landscapes that sustain rural populations and urban dwellers, and spurring green growth that generates jobs and economic development. Identifying and promoting the best policies and practices for sustainably using and managing our forest resources has never been more important. The Program on Forests (PROFOR) is doing just that through timely knowledge and innovative tools on how forests can contribute to today’s development challenges. In Colombia and Mozambique, for example, PROFOR in-depth analysis is informing potential commercial reforestation for job creation, climate mitigation, and the provision of timber and other forest products. In Tunisia, PROFOR’s support for sustainable management of oases ecosystems is reinvigorating traditions and jobs. In the Congo Basin, a PROFOR land-use modeling tool is helping to optimize development results from mining activities while minimizing forest and biodiversity loss, pollution of waterways, and negative impacts on indigenous peoples and local communities. Tools such as the Benefit Sharing Options Assessment Framework, used by Mexico to complete a national benefit-sharing roadmap in 2015, provide valuable insight and experience on how to implement REDD+ initiatives equitably. And the suite of case studies that PROFOR conducted on how forests enhance resilience to climate change capture the trade-offs and benefits that forest sector investments can have for other sectors such as energy, agriculture, and water. 2 Results from these and other PROFOR activities (totaling 43 in 2015) are informing national forest programs, policies, and institutions and are shaping sustainable development strategies more broadly. Looking forward, PROFOR analysis and tools will be helpful to countries as they implement their nationally determined contributions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase their resilience to climate change through better forest and land management. The World Bank Group will be presenting a new Forest Action Plan (FAP) to guide our work over the next five years. The FAP sets out a programmatic approach to our forest sector engagement that consolidates the Group’s forest-related instruments to support country-specific programs for sustainable management of forest landscapes. PROFOR’s analytical work on forest enterprises, governance, and monitoring and evaluation, among other issues, contributed significantly to the FAP and will be fundamental for its implementation in 2016 and beyond. To tackle today’s increasingly multifaceted and interconnected sustainable development challenges, in 2015 PROFOR implemented an innovative approach to identifying development solutions by working side-by-side with specialists from other sectors to determine when and how forests can contribute to solutions for those sectors. An initial set of programs using this approach addresses poverty reduction, sustainable and accessible energy, job creation, and sustainable agriculture supply chains. This approach of connecting across expertise and perspectives promises to foster innovation by bringing new skills to bear on these complex issues and reaching new stakeholders to build fact-based understanding across sectors. Guided by the FAP and this new approach to programming activities, PROFOR as a knowledge program within the World Bank Group is increasingly well positioned to influence policy dialogues, inform the design of our operations and government programs, and generate transformational knowledge demanded by our client countries. Looking forward, I believe PROFOR activities will increasingly have an impact. I hope you enjoy this report that offers many more examples of PROFOR’s transformational work. In closing, I would like to thank the donors, partner organizations, staff, and development practitioners who contribute to making PROFOR such a unique and valuable partnership. PAULA CABALLERO Senior Director for Environment and Natural Resources World Bank Group INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD 1 Mainstreaming Wood and Forests to Help Deliver Energy Access for All 17 INFORMING, CONNECTING, AND SHAPING 4 Reducing Deforestation and Forest Degradation ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2015 8 Through Innovative Commodity Supply Chain Mechanisms and Governance 17 PROFOR in 2015 by the Numbers 9 Generating Growth and Jobs Through Informing Forest Sector Investments 11 Competitive Small and Medium-Scale Sustainable Management of Oasis Ecosystems Forest Enterprises 17 in Tunisia 11 Shaping Forest Engagement 17 Improving the Business Climate for Planted The World Bank Group Forest Action Plan 17 Forests in Mozambique 11 Forests and Climate Change Adaptation Balancing Mining Development And Forest and Mitigation 18 Conservation In The Congo Basin 12 COMMUNICATION AND KNOWLEDGE Congo Basin Timber 12 MANAGEMENT IN 2015 20 State Forest Enterprise Reform In Vietnam 13 Global and National Engagement 21 Improving The Forests Database 13 Communication Metrics 22 Mexico Workshop on Sustainable Productive Publications 24 Forest Landscapes 14 Knowledge Management 27 ICT Tools for Forest Knowledge Management and Information Systems in Indonesia 15 ASSESSING PROFOR’S IMPACT 29 Connecting Forests Across Sectors 15 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW AND ADMINISTRATION 32 Understanding Forests’ Contribution to ANNEX I: OVERVIEW OF CY2015 ACTIVITIES, Poverty Reduction 16 BY THEMATIC AREA 38 4 INFORMING, CONNECTING, AND SHAPING INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 5 In 2015, PROFOR implemented 43 activities across the CONNECTING globe, generating knowledge and tools that are informing, connecting, and shaping forest sector In 2015 PROFOR initiated an innovative approach to its investments and policies. portfolio development that connects across sectors to create evidence-based knowledge about the solutions forests can provide for pressing development challenges INFORMING beyond the forest sector. Building on PROFOR’s long- standing focus on cross-sectoral issues, this new approach PROFOR’s timely analytical and diagnostic work informed intensifies collaboration across sectors by inviting experts forest sector engagement in several countries around the in other sectors to identify and lead programs on how world. In Indonesia, a knowledge management and forest-based solutions can contribute to solving challenges information system based on cutting-edge information in those sectors. The approach taps the skill and and communication technology (ICT) improved visualization experience of specialists from across the World Bank of data related to forests, helping to engage the Ministry Group to advance understanding of how forests can of Environment and Forestry in Indonesia and inform the contribute to positive development outcomes. design of the Forest Investment Program (FIP) in Indonesia. In Mexico, a Workshop on Sustainable In addition, this new approach clusters analytical work into Productive Forest Landscapes equipped stakeholders with larger programs for greater coherence, agility in information and good practices for handling challenges responding to client demand, and lower transaction costs. and opportunities in implementing a multisectoral and This “programmatic approach” is enabling PROFOR to interinstitutional landscape approach, enabling the focus on a smaller set of activities that have greater broader Program on Forests and Climate Change that is potential for influence and development impact, while under way. In Tunisia, the development of a National connecting with a new set of stakeholders and audiences. Silvo-pastoral Strategy, including an economic valuation of Four cross-sectoral programmatic activities were initated forest and rangeland degradation and a measurement, in 2015 on the topics of how forests contribute to poverty reporting, and verification framework for the reduction, energy provision, jobs creation, and sustainable implementation of REDD+, helped build understanding of agriculture supply chains. the need to invest in such ecosystems and helped to inform a new Forestry Value Chain Project. SHAPING A more rigorous approach to monitoring and evaluation (M&E) and a theory of change that guides activity design In 2015 PROFOR knowledge contributed to shaping for greater influence were implemented in 2015, enabling strategic thinking about forests. PROFOR engaged in the PROFOR to better understand and demonstrate the global dialogue on forests through the Global Landscapes results of activities. Forum events in London and Paris, the World Forestry Congress, and the 11th Conference of the Parties (COP) of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification— 6 sharing knowledge and tools to shape and advance understanding of forests’ contribution to sustainable development. PROFOR’s innovative cross-sectoral approach also helped shape the initial development of the forthcoming five-year Forest Action Plan for its host organization, the World Bank Group. In addition, a PROFOR series on How Forests Can Contribute to Climate Change Adaptation and other analytical work provided insight into the role of forests in contributing to climate change adaptation and mitigation. A select set of PROFOR activities and engagement are highlighted in this report to further exemplify how PROFOR is informing, connecting, and shaping the forest sector. For a full list of PROFOR activities in 2015, see Annex 1. INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 7 8 ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2015 INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 9 PROFOR IN 2015 BY THE NUMBERS FIGURE 1: 2015 Commitments by Theme The PROFOR portfolio is changing: the introduction of programmatic approaches has clustered analytical work into larger programs for greater coherence, influential knowledge management, and lower transaction costs. As GOVERNANCE a result, PROFOR’s 2015 portfolio consisted of 43 activities, 14% 8 of which were new, compared with 49 activities in 2014. CROSS SECTORAL Seventeen activities were closed during the year. FINANCING SFM 36% Disbursements and outstanding commitments in 2015 totaled $8.8 million. This was at similar levels of 2014, a 20% record level for the program. Administration, communications, and program management expenses remained constant compared with previous years, totaling $0.53 million LIVELIHOODS (6 percent of disbursements and commitments). 30% The portfolio was implemented across the four PROFOR themes: governance, finance, livelihoods, and cross-sectoral coordination (see Figure 1). This reflected a major increase in activities related to cross-sectoral cooperation from the previous year. Activities grouped by primary theme FIGURE 2: 2015 Commitments by Region were as follows: 12 related to cross-sectoral coordination, 12 related to livelihoods, 9 under governance, and 8 in the area of financing sustainable forest management.1 AFR Geographically, activities implemented in the Africa 15% Region (AFR) accounted for 15 percent of disbursements and commitments. Those carried out in Latin America and LCR the Caribbean (LCR) accounted for 12 percent, with the remaining spread across East Asia and Pacific (EAP), the 15% MULTI- Middle East and North Africa (MNA), Europe and Central REGION / Asia (ECA), and South Asia (SAR) (see Figure 2). Multi- GLOBAL EAP 8% Regional or global activities accounted for 53 percent of 53% disbursements and commitments, an increase from 38 MNA percent the previous year, indicating an emphasis on ECA 6% programmatic activities focused on more than one region. SAR 2% 4% 1 The activities are classified according to a primary affiliation with one of PROFOR’s four thematic areas. However, activities frequently have elements that extend beyond the primary theme into one or more of the other themes. 10 INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 11 INFORMING FOREST SECTOR INVESTMENTS Tunisia’s lagging regions while replenishing the natural resources of the desert. These activities have already Timely PROFOR analysis and diagnostics inform forest- strongly contributed to a renewed focus on Tunisian oasis related dialogues, policies, and investments at the ecosystems, to a better understanding of priorities and national level. constraints, such as groundwater overexploitation and the impacts of climate change, and to greater involvement by decision makers. A communications plan has been developed SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF OASIS and disseminated, which includes sharing information with ECOSYSTEMS IN TUNISIA key national and local stakeholders through workshops Tunisia’s oases are threatened by high levels of environmental and reports (in French and Arabic), both in publications degradation, pressures from population growth, and the and on the websites of relevant national agencies. effects of climate change. The oases’ groundwater supplies that communities rely on continue to diminish, threatening IMPROVING THE BUSINESS CLIMATE FOR the loss of unique and valuable biodiversity and PLANTED FORESTS IN MOZAMBIQUE jeopardizing food production and jobs. In a country where unemployment stands at 15 percent overall—with a rate as Wood production has been identified as an area of great high as 30 percent among young people—reinvigorating opportunity for diversifying Mozambique’s economy. But the oases’ traditions and jobs while managing natural despite government strategies to establish community resources is a major step toward development solutions. forests and commercial plantations, as well as initially high levels of interest by external investors, the expansion of PROFOR contributed to creating Tunisia’s first national planted forests has been slow. strategy for the sustainable management of traditional oasis ecosystems—a plan that was designed with significant PROFOR is working with the government of Mozambique involvement from local and national stakeholders and to develop the planted forests sector and strengthen its adopted by the government in 2014. The strategy takes a development impact. A diagnostic of the country’s business multipronged approach to the issue of oasis management environment and existing capacity and policies pointed and restoration, focusing on ecological and environmental toward significant potential for developing planted forests. aspects, socioeconomic functions, cultural and touristic However, the analysis also revealed that progress was values, as well as livelihood opportunities—particularly for hindered by insufficient skilled labor, a difficult business women and young people. climate, and especially a lack of government support services, which complicates the process of negotiating The strategy’s adoption complemented and informed the land access partnerships with local communities. Based on World Bank Oases Ecosystems and Livelihood project, these findings, this activity provides guidance for which is focused on community revitalization and job promoting planted forests and addressing the needs of creation. While targeting six oases, the project opens the smallholders. The results informed the design of the door for wider social policies to improve livelihoods in Agriculture and Natural Resources Landscape project and 12 the upcoming Forest Investment Program initiative under In addition, the outcomes of this activity are very relevant the REDD program, where the role of planted forests is for other World Bank projects in the Congo Basin and being considered in support of rural development in two elsewhere, as well as for larger climate finance investments. provinces. All findings were shared by way of reports, while workshops with representatives from the public and CONGO BASIN TIMBER private sectors, civil society, academia and development partners provided valuable opportunities for sharing Population growth and economic development are experiences from planted forest projects in other countries. contributing to rising demand for wood and wood products in Africa, with profound implications for the BALANCING MINING DEVELOPMENT AND FOREST forests of the Congo Basin. PROFOR’s work in the region CONSERVATION IN THE CONGO BASIN aims to promote local livelihoods and develop small and medium-size (SME) enterprises, while fighting illegal The Tri-national Dja-Odzala-Minkébé (or “Tridom”) area logging and supporting sustainable forest management. straddling the Republic of Congo, Cameroon, and Gabon To address these multiple objectives, the Congo Basin has a vast network of protected areas and a very high Timber activity is strengthening knowledge around concentration of elephants and great apes; it also holds markets for legal (and possibly sustainable) timber and one of the world’s largest untapped iron ore reserves as processed wood products used in the domestic furniture well as significant hydroelectric power potential. Given the and construction markets in Cameroon and the mounting pressure to exploit these resources and the Democratic Republic of Congo. potential for high social and environmental costs, this activity aims to promote early planning across the forestry, The study documents the current and predicted status of mining, energy, and transportation sectors to minimize supply and demand trends for the wood-based negative impacts. Unlike previous land use planning exercises, construction and furniture industries, as well as the many this activity looks beyond the forestry sector in order to challenges in establishing a legal market. The team also take a more comprehensive and sustainable approach. offers a range of short-, medium-, and long-term recommendations, including enhancing capacity for A land-use planning study has been completed and now a better-quality wood products; requiring the use of local, roadmap is being finalized—through workshops and other legally sourced wood for constructing public buildings; avenues for incorporating stakeholder inputs—to illustrate creating appropriate tax incentives; and improving law how coordinated, national, spatial planning scenarios enforcement. Results and are complementary to ongoing could reduce adverse consequences while optimizing activities on REDD+ and have been shared with development benefits. This small catalytic activity has stakeholders from the public and private sectors, as well as opened the door to higher-level dialogue on strategic civil society organizations, in an effort to integrate macro issues involving use of the country’s land and recommendations into future policy decisions. resources in support of its overall development objectives. INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 13 STATE FOREST ENTERPRISE REFORM IN VIETNAM identify the most promising SFEs. In addition, two workshops were held with the pilot SFEs, along with multiple As part of the government of Vietnam’s policy of economic interactions and meetings, and a synthesis report is planned. reform, state-owned enterprises are being converted into businesses—including 139 state forest enterprises (SFEs), which are responsible for approximately 1.95 million IMPROVING THE FORESTS DATABASE hectares of forest. The combination of environmental One key determinant of whether a country’s growth is conditions favoring rapid tree growth, high prices for green and sustainable is the value of natural wealth. wood products, and Vietnam’s access to Asian markets However, data on resource rents from forests have lagged would make SFEs an attractive investment opportunity. behind data on other natural assets like minerals and However, moving forward on reform and ensuring energy. The Improving the Forests Database activity aims economic growth in the forest sector requires simplifying to improve the information that governments have on how the regulatory environment, addressing land tenure forests contribute to economic growth and development conflicts, and possibly merging SFEs that by themselves outcomes and how that contribution could be increased in are too small to attract investors. a sustainable manner. Such assessments will equip policy Under the SFE reform activity, PROFOR is supporting two makers to better manage forest resources, improve forest work streams: the “supply side,” addressing the regulatory governance, increase transparency in the rent captured, issues and statutory requirements of reform, and the and ultimately lead to increased reinvestment of forest “demand side,” looking at the business aspects of SFEs to rents in other forms of capital to grow the total wealth of a help them engage with the private sector and attract the country. These policy changes will in turn promote the investors required for privatization. Assessment of the sustainable management of forest resources for poverty commercial viability of SFEs will inform a business plan for reduction and economic growth. SFEs, and a valuation methodology for SFE forests will be This activity identified two key areas for improving the developed. A fully commercial model will be piloted in current methodology. First, the scoping study finds that collaboration with the government and World Bank- using export prices to value timber revenues inadequately financed projects. Given that privatization and private reflects the value of timber wealth, and it recommends investment are at a relatively early stage in Vietnam, this revising the valuation approach to better account for the PROFOR work is expected to be extremely informative difference between timber production for domestic and and highly influential in improving the overall process of export markets. Second, the report updates the valuation forestry reform in Vietnam. methodology for non-wood benefits associated with Government counterparts have been extremely supportive watershed services, recreation, hunting, and fishing. of this work. The Minister of Agriculture and Rural Importantly, the new approach adopted in this activity Development requested an interim briefing on early clearly shows that non-timber wealth and its importance as findings and recommendations, and many of these results a nation’s natural asset have long been undervalued. were later incorporated into a government exercise to 14 The scoping study has already been used to inform country- level studies to estimate forest wealth (for example, in Morocco and Madagascar). Successful outreach has been carried out with key partner institutions and dissemination efforts going forward will include publishing the data and final reports on PROFOR and other partner websites. MEXICO WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTIVE FOREST LANDSCAPES At 64.8 million hectares, forests cover a third of Mexico’s land, contributing to its status as one of only 17 megadiverse countries in the world. Moreover, some 80 percent of forests are owned by communities, meaning that forests are crucial to the lives and livelihoods of millions of people. But sustainably managing this wealth of forest resources is far from easy, as deforestation and forest degradation are the results of complex dynamics at the landscape level. Under Mexico’s ambitious National Forest Program (PRONAFOR 2014–2018), the government wants to transform forest resources into a competitive and socially inclusive sector and thereby to boost rural economies. For PRONAFOR to succeed, collaboration and coordination is required across several government agencies, including the Ministry of Agriculture, to implement a multisectoral and interinstitutional landscape approach. The main objective of this activity was to equip stakeholders with information and good practices by creating a space for multistakeholder dialogue and analysis around the challenges and opportunities for the implementation of PRONAFOR’s landscape approach. In April 2015, a two-day forum was convened jointly by the National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR) and the Ministry of Agriculture (SAGARPA) with the support of the INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 15 World Bank and PROFOR. The forum was important as the visualization of data related to forests. This work is engaged first platform for discussing an integrated landscape-level the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in Indonesia. approach for Mexico, and it yielded agreement on a road map for a landscape approach in selected states of The activity supported the Indonesia FIP design through Mexico where REDD+ interventions have been prioritized facilitating discussions with clients on global good practice (Peninsula de Yucatan, Chiapas, and Jalisco). The road and adaptation to the Indonesia context. This also map sets out short-, medium-, and long-term actions that included a number of knowledge products, such as will make integrated landscape management a reality. supporting improved visualization of forest data for Indonesia from a variety of global and national sources, The road map complements Mexico’s Program for a developing an atlas (organized by themes such as community-based landscape approach to reduce socioeconomic, water, climate, forestry, and environment- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The proposed program, related data), and showcasing these services in the World supported by the Carbon Fund of the Forest Carbon Bank’s Spatial Agent app. The atlas maps and tables Partnership Facility (FCPF), aims to further transform the assess areas of population growth and subnational management of forests across regions within Mexico breakdown over the past decade or two, and they involve through a truly integrated approach at the landscape mapping on land cover, oil palm plantations, carbon level. The program will combine a wide range of activities storage, concessions, forest loss, infrastructure, and so on, that promote rural development with low carbon in order to see major activities in the forestry sector. The emissions—ranging from sustainable forest management activity also includes assessment of forest management to silvopastoral techniques, grazing rotation, conservation units and their locations to explore links with other Bank tillage, agro-ecology, afforestation, reforestation, restoration, projects, such as the Indonesia FIP. and forest certification to reduce emissions of GHG. Both the road map and this forward-looking program CONNECTING FORESTS ACROSS SECTORS promise to be transformative in the way government In 2015, PROFOR implemented a new approach to supports rural development and is expected to benefit developing its portfolio in close collaboration with millions of people in Mexico who depend on forests. specialists from other sectors. Experts were invited to identify activities based in their sectors that look at how ICT TOOLS FOR FOREST KNOWLEDGE forests can provide solutions to development challenges MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS there. By partnering with other specialists to identify IN INDONESIA solutions together, PROFOR is helping to mainstream forest considerations and promote a sector-netural In Indonesia, work is under way to look at how global ICT approach that will spur innovation by overcoming the best practices can be applied to the forest sector to cognitive biases of sector specialists that can limit creative establish a knowledge management and information and integrated solutions. Furthermore, by integrating system based on cutting-edge ICT systems and improved forests into upstream work in other sectors, PROFOR is 16 empowering experts from other sectors to champion More specifically, the activity will consolidate what is known forest-based solutions. on how forests contribute to poverty reduction, generate new knowledge on the forests-poverty nexus, improve In addition, this new approach clusters analytical work into tools for measuring household use and dependence on larger programs for greater coherence, more agility in forests, and share results with a broad set of policy makers responding to client demand, and lower transaction costs. and practitioners. It will serve as an umbrella for case This “programmatic approach” is enabling PROFOR to studies on the forest-poverty nexus, enhancing learning focus on a smaller set of activities that have greater and knowledge sharing. In addition a theory of change will potential for influence and development impact by be developed and tested by these case studies. The providing timely analytics and knowledge to enable other objective of the program is to inform World Bank strategic sectors to promote sustainable forest management country diagnostics (SCDs) and country partnership through different entry points. Four cross-sectoral frameworks (CPFs), ultimately informing World Bank programmatic activities were initated last year on the operations as well as projects by other actors in the forestry topics of how forests contribute to poverty reduction, space. The work is cross-sectional and engages both the energy provision, jobs creation, and sustainable supply ENR GP, the Poverty GP and impact evaluation experts. chains. An overview of those activities is provided below. Concepts for several other programmatic activities were A technical team including experts on gender, forests, and presented on topics, including forests and disaster risk poverty is developing a theory of change for work included management, mining, land use, and landscape in the activity. Conservation International will carry out a governance, that will be developed further in 2016. comprehensive overview of what is known about forests as pathways out of poverty, producing an evidence map which will be used as a basis for an in-depth knowledge UNDERSTANDING FORESTS’ CONTRIBUTION TO review in a second phase. The next step in the program is POVERTY REDUCTION to develop a forest-poverty survey tool, similar to the An estimated 1.3 billion people—nearly 20 percent of World Bank SWIFT tool for poverty, will be developed and humanity—rely on forests and forest products for their tested in several countries. The tool will be informed by livelihoods, with the majority living on less than $1.25 a the findings of the evidence map, the newly developed day. While knowledge about forests as a source for LSMS forestry module, and work by other organizations day-to-day subsistence and as a safety net in times of like the International Forestry Resources and Institutions need is increasing, much less is known about the extent (IFRI), the Center for International Forest Research to which forests can provide a pathway out of poverty. (CIFOR), and the International Union for Conservation of The forest and poverty programmatic activity will build Nature (IUCN). on earlier efforts by PROFOR and partners to improve the understanding of how forests contribute to poverty reduction. INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 17 MAINSTREAMING WOOD AND FORESTS TO HELP GENERATING GROWTH AND JOBS THROUGH DELIVER ENERGY ACCESS FOR ALL COMPETITIVE SMALL AND MEDIUM-SCALE FOREST ENTERPRISES Accelerating the deployment of renewable energy sources to meet energy access targets is highly dependent on In the forestry sector, small and medium-size enterprises effective management of the environmental and natural are often considered a vehicle for development, jobs, and resource base, especially forests and the landscape more poverty alleviation among forest-dependent households. broadly. This programmatic activity aims to address this However, the success of such enterprises has been mixed. broader renewable energy-environment nexus through a This activity will examine if, where, and how forest SMEs portfolio of selected analytical and capacity building work. could contribute to development objectives. It will provide This will also strengthen dialogue among stakeholders on guidance on how to enhance SMEs’ competitiveness and forests and relevant environmental renewable energy to develop the needed regulatory, financial, and technical issues to facilitate investment in renewable energy access environment. In the long term, this programmatic activity with enhanced environmental sustainability and mitigated aims to create market and policy environments that forest impacts. support competitive SMEs in the forest sector that are sustainable and contribute to job creation and growth. REDUCING DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION THROUGH INNOVATIVE SHAPING FOREST ENGAGEMENT COMMODITY SUPPLY CHAIN MECHANISMS AND GOVERNANCE This section provides a few examples of how PROFOR knowledge and tools from diverse activities can shape The agriculture sector in many countries is identified as a understanding and thinking, with the potential for driver of deforestation. However, in some countries the influence beyond the original purpose of an activity. sector also offers opportunities for increasing the adoption of trees on farms. The aim of this activity is to scale out THE WORLD BANK GROUP FOREST ACTION PLAN and up successful agricultural and agroforestry commodity chain approaches to reduce deforestation and forest The World Bank Group is developing a five-year Forest degradation. More specifically, the activity will compile Action Plan (FAP) to guide its engagement in the forest evidence and lessons for addressing the impact of sector. The FAP, which will be put forward in early 2016, commodity value chains on forests, “crowd in” trees onto affirms and builds upon the 2002 Forest Strategy, Sustaining the agricultural landscape, and operationalize the Forests, and brings new knowledge, technology, and knowledge and lessons learned in the context of capacity for cross-sectoral collaboration to bear on forest development partners’ investment, green growth, and challenges for better development outcomes.  The FAP climate-resilient operations. identifies sustainable forestry investments and forest-smart operations outside the forest sector as the priority areas for World Bank Group engagement for the next five years. 18 Three cross-cutting themes underpin these focal areas: developed by PROFOR in partnership with the Food and climate change and resilience, rights and participation, Agriculture Organization (FAO) and CIFOR. and institutions and governance. Looking forward, PROFOR will play a central role in For sustainable forestry investments, this entails ensuring providing knowledge to guide implementation of the FAP, that forest sector interventions contribute to the such as by conducting analytical work that will inform sustainable management of forests and value chains. forest sector investment priorities and cross-sectoral Forest-smart operations outside the forest sector require collaboration in key countries. close collaboration with other sectors in the design and implementation of investments to create positive forest FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION outcomes and to avoid or mitigate any negative impact on AND MITIGATION forests. To this end, the Bank will assist client countries in upstream analysis to understand the true value of forests PROFOR released of a series of reports on How Forests and to manage land use trade-offs to optimize Contribute to Climate Adaptation in the lead-up to the development outcomes and encourage pro-forest Paris climate meetings (COP-21) with a view to building investments. PROFOR tools and knowledge will play a understanding on this issue. The series addressed how central role in providing such analysis to countries. forests make natural systems more resilient in the face of climate change, helping the systems they support to PROFOR knowledge informed several aspects of the FAP adapt to warmer, dryer, and less predictable weather. It and is viewed as a key component for implementing the highlighted the benefits that investing in forests can FAP through 2020. For example, the FAP cites PROFOR deliver in terms of ecosystem resilience and the potential analysis on the competitiveness of community forest cost, especially to those who depend directly on forests, of enterprises in Mexico in describing the challenges facing not taking action today to reverse deforestation and forest SMEs and the policies to overcome such challenges. ensure forest resources are well managed with policies PROFOR’s programmatic activity on forest SMEs initiated and practices that promote good governance and assure in 2015 is indicated as informing the Bank’s future actions the rights of the forest-dependent poor. in this area. The series included a state of knowledge report and three PROFOR’s recent analysis on the value of Predictive Proxy case studies from Burkina Faso, Honduras, and Lao PDR Indicators for facilitating the measurement and forecasting that examined how forest preservation supports vital of long-term impacts for ongoing projects provides industries such as agriculture and energy and public services evidence in the FAP that the Bank should use core sector such as water. The case studies found that forests play an indicators more systematically in forest-related invaluable role in building communities’ resilience to interventions to better predict longer-term impacts. The unpredictable climatic conditions. In Lao PDR, households FAP also indicates support for capacity building and other with greater access to forest and livestock grazing areas activities to encourage use of the Forestry Module for the were found to be more effectively buffered from shocks. In Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS), which was Honduras, PROFOR found that an investment of $4.2 million INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 19 for a water management plan that would restore and manage forests outside Tegucigalpa would bring a return of between $28 million and $76 million to the national water utility. Over the course of 2015, PROFOR continued to support outreach related to forest-specific findings of the Turn Down the Heat III report published in 2014. This outreach took place with key audiences around the world, helping to build awareness about climate risks and build consensus on climate action. Regional and national engagement included workshops for the Western Balkans, the Russian Federation, and Morocco and events across Latin America. The findings from the report helped to shape World Bank operations on climate adaptation and mitigation for the Aral Sea Basin and the Kyrgyz Republic Integrated Forest Ecosystem Management Project. Mexico completed a benefit-sharing road map for REDD+ initiatives using the PROFOR Options Assessment Framework (OAF) tool that identifies which type of benefit-sharing mechanism would be most suited for a country’s context. The OAF is part of the Making Benefit Sharing Arrangements Work for Forest-Dependent Communities toolkit, which informs the design of benefit- sharing arrangements in REDD+ initiatives by offering practical guidance on how to identify and work with beneficiaries when rights are unclear and by clarifying how mechanisms that transfer benefits are structured. A project is currently under way to assess options for stimulating private sector investment in REDD+ and sustainable forest value chains. Carried out in partnership with the Climate Investment Fund’s Forest Investment Program, this activity is looking at how the productive use of forests and forest products could contribute to climate change mitigation. COMMUNICATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN 2015 INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 21 In 2015, PROFOR engaged with stakeholders and broader At the World Forestry Congress in September, PROFOR audiences through face-to-face events, online outreach, knowledge and tools featured in several sessions and and publications. PROFOR supported more than 95 dialogues. Most notably this included a subplenary session engagement processes and events including workshops, on sharing benefits equitably—Learning from experience. conferences, and targeted briefings for knowledge and Additional presentations included benefit-sharing tool sharing that reached an estimated 11,138 direct arrangements for REDD+, better information for better participants. Online outreach focused on knowledge forest governance—the role and potential of forest stories on PROFOR.info and an expanding social media governance assessment and monitoring, using evidence- network, reaching an audience of roughly 50,000. In based engagement and communications to inform global addition, PROFOR generated 117 knowledge products forestry policies and practice, improving data on including books, working papers, issue briefs, and socioeconomic benefits of forests, and improving partnership publications. This section provides highlights governance and financing for forests. of these activities. In October, a conference edition of the African Drylands Report (forthcoming in 2016) prepared in partnership with GLOBAL AND NATIONAL ENGAGEMENT the World Bank, FAO, TerrAfrica, the World Resources Institute, and the Consultative Group on International In March, PROFOR helped to launch A National Biodiversity Agricultural Research centers was presented at COP-12 of Offset Scheme: A Road Map for Liberia’s Mining Sector by the UN Convention to Combat Desertification in Ankara, co-hosting a panel discussion event that brought together Turkey. The report is an important contribution to the experts from the Liberian government, conservation dialogue among policy makers and development nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and mining practitioners about measures to reduce the vulnerability companies active in Liberia. and enhance the resilience of populations living in dryland In June, PROFOR joined the Global Landscapes Forum: regions of sub-Saharan Africa. The Investment Case in London, where experts from In November, together with IFRI and the Musée de investment banks, development banks, pension funds, and l’Homme Research Group on Social and Natural Evolution, corporate entities met with senior government officials to PROFOR launched the Forests & Livelihoods: Assessment, create a hub for knowledge exchange around innovative Research, and Engagement (FLARE) network in Paris. This solutions to finance sustainable landscapes. Along with brings together representatives of key stakeholders— other partnership programs from the World Bank, PROFOR donor organizations, environmental and social NGOs, hosted a discussion on Public-Private Partnerships: What development agencies, and research organizations—to Can Public and Private Resources Achieve Together? The advance the state of knowledge regarding forest-based overall outcome of the event was to initiate a 5-10 year livelihoods. Cultivation of the network for knowledge roadmap for the creation of global funds or funding sharing and dissemination is part of the programmatic instruments for financing sustainable landscapes and forests activity on forests and poverty. Together with IFRI, an open at scale for financial, social, and environmental returns. 22 call for papers on Forests as Pathways out of Poverty was Over 90 days from September through November 2015, made in mid-2015 and over 200 abstracts were received in PROFOR tweets reached a potential audience of 51,000 advance of the FLARE launch. Eight papers were selected users (based on impressions). A top tweet during this for funding and presented at the launch conference. The period featured PROFOR’s work on Making Benefit final papers will be presented at a workshop at the World Sharing Arrangements Work for Forest-Dependent Bank and submitted to a special issue of a scientific journal. Communities, which was featured at the WFC. In December, PROFOR was an implementing partner of the 2015 Global Landscapes Forum held in conjunction with the Paris climate meetings (COP-21), which gathered together individuals, organizations, and private investors working on land use. In Paris, PROFOR partnered with TerrAfrica to convene a high-level discussion on resilient landscapes to reduce fragility, conflict, and migration. The event brought together senior government officials from Africa, private sector executives, and the Under-Secretary- General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief to identify actions and investments needed to create and maintain resilient landscapes to manage rural-to-urban migration and build resilience in human systems. COMMUNICATION METRICS PROFOR’s social media presence has seen tremendous growth over the course of 2015. On Twitter, PROFOR averaged two new followers every day, bringing the total to 3,311 followers by the end of December. PROFOR’s Twitter handle @forestideas was mentioned 220 times, and the account earned 515 re-tweets, with the peak being during the World Forestry Congress (WFC) in September 2015. INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 23 A Top Post in September 2015: Likes by Region in September 2015: INDONESIA141 UNITED STATES103 INDIA54 NEPAL44 PERU39 CAMEROON23 MEXICO21 UNITED KINGDOM18 ITALY15 PHILIPPINES14 35 MORE COUNTRIES 206 =5 PROFOR’s website received 14,955 visits in 2015. On average, visitors spent close to three minutes per session on the PROFOR site and viewed nearly three pages per visit—both very strong results in terms of gauging readers’ interest in the online content. The website also scores well in attracting new visitors. Going forward, PROFOR will be using these and other metrics to revamp its website, including attracting a wider range of audience members and improving mobile-friendly access.     24 PUBLICATIONS PROFOR published four books and five working papers, and copublished several publications with partners including the World Bank, FAO, CIFOR, and The Forest Dialogue. PROFOR Books Information and The Spanish version of How Forests Enhance How Forests Enhance Communication Assessing Forest Resilience to Climate Resilience to Climate Technology for Forest Governance: A Practical Change: What we know Change: Case Studies Law Enforcement and Guide to Data about how forests can from Burkina Faso, Governance: Lessons Collection, Analysis and contribute to adaptation Honduras, and Lao PDR from a Two-Country Use: Evaluando La Project in Lao PDR and Gobernanza Forestal: Moldova provides Una guía práctica para la insights into how to use recolección, análisis y ICT tools to their full uso de datos. potential. The book synthesizes findings from two case studies, which are available as PROFOR Working Papers (Laos and Moldova). INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 25 PROFOR Working Papers The Political The Toolkit for Forest Understanding How Forests Enhance How Forests Enhance Economy of Control and Long-Term Impacts in Resilience to Climate Resilience to Climate Decision-making in Supervision: Practical the Forest Sector Change: the Case of Change: the Case of Forestry: Using Field Guidance offers insight into how Drinking Water Supply Smallholder Evidence and provides low-cost, we might better in Tegucigalpa, Agriculture in Lao PDR Analysis for Reform hands-on tools for anticipate the impact Honduras assesses eight major forest management. of forest sector political economy It is primarily interventions over the analysis models to designed for the long run by looking at identify how such an government officers what factors approach can be of forest agencies, contributed to the applied to the forest particularly in tropical success of past sector. countries seeking to projects. Building on implement timber lessons from the past, legality verification the paper suggests systems. establishing a set of predictive proxy indicators that can help guide investments today. 26 Highlights of Partnership Publications Catchment Assessment Improving Operational Catchment Assessment Catchment Assessment and Planning for Effectiveness and and Planning for and Planning for Watershed Impacts of the Watershed Watershed Management, Integrated Watershed Management Volume 1 Management Volume 2 Summary Report Program in India A National Towards Consent: Case Draft National Biodiversity Offset Studies and Insights on Socioeconomic Surveys Scheme: A Road Company-Community in Forestry Map for Liberia’s Agreements Mining Sector INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 27 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT In 2015, PROFOR initiated closer knowledge-sharing partnerships for climate-related tools and analytical work with the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility and the Forest Investment Program. Initial work entailed reviewing PROFOR knowledge and tools that may be of interest to FCPF and FIP countries for a targeted knowledge dissemination and application partnership. PROFOR also initiated a greater focus on gender in its knowledge management, collaborating closely with the International Union for Conservation of Nature and CIFOR. A priority focus of this work is implementing the World Bank Group Gender Strategy approved in December 2015. As mentioned earlier, PROFOR knowledge management will be a key element of the implementation of the Forest Action Plan the World Bank plans to release in 2016. In late 2015, PROFOR developed an e-learning course on forest governance assessment and monitoring that targets staff at government forest agencies, NGOs, forestry schools, and development partners. The course will be offered twice in 2016. PROFOR activities developed in 2015 have a greater focus on knowledge management strategically included in their concept notes as part of the theory of change now integrated into all proposals. While it is still early days of implementing this new approach, better and more trackable knowledge management results are anticipated. In addition, an effort to strengthen and scale up PROFOR knowledge management was initiated in 2015. The next steps include a knowledge management maturity assessment on how PROFOR knowledge is designed, created, communicated, received, and applied, with a view to informing a new knowledge management strategy. 28 ASSESSING PROFOR’S IMPACT INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 29 In 2015 PROFOR implemented a strengthened monitoring FIGURE 1: Simplified PROFOR Knowledge Uptake Theory and evaluation (M&E) system built on a unifying theory of of Change change that informs the PROFOR pipeline, guides activity concept note development, and helps document and track uptake of PROFOR work. Concept notes, progress reports, Better Focus of impact assessments and completion reports now include explicit articulation of 4 environmental & social outcomes Focus of M&E uptake pathways and audience engagement in activity design and delivery. Based on this new rigor in the design Results levels of activities in 2015 and going forward, PROFOR will be better able to track short-, medium-, and long-term Changes in outcomes across activities and to aggregate these outcomes 3 policy & practice for a program-wide view of results for knowledge uptake. 2 Decision makers THE PROFOR THEORY OF CHANGE are equipped Indirect Acknowledging that PROFOR’s primary role relates to the production and translation of knowledge, the Intermediaries Direct TOC (Figure 1) charts out how PROFOR expects to achieve influence through its work. Following best 1 Outputs Knowledge practice in knowledge uptake programs, the TOC Activities interface with create Activities intermediate/ focuses on understanding the networks through targeted plan for end users which knowledge and information travels to reach forest knowledge knowledge uptake its intended audiences. The TOC makes the products distinction between the ultimate desired impact of Engage as planned PROFOR’s work and what it is feasible to attribute 1.3 1.2 to PROFOR’s direct efforts. It indicates the expectation that activity managers will be able to Identify Develop demonstrate they have done everything in their next appropriate power to ensure that targeted policymakers and users approach PROFOR plans for strategic practitioners in developing countries were collaboration around key priority areas equipped with forest relevant strategic knowledge, comparable evidence, reliable tools and systematic Activity Concept analysis. Achieving this objective will then in turn 1.1 Design contribute to broader impacts on poverty reduction, biodiversity conservation, protection of climate and other ecosystem services through improved management of forests and trees. However, at this level PROFOR funded activities will be far less able to influence ultimate outcomes. 30 PROJECT ACTIVITY TRACKING SYSTEM RESULTS FOR 2015 A valuable feature of PROFOR’s new M&E approach is a Project Activity Tracking System (PATS) that captures and aggregates outputs, reach and influence generated by PROFOR activities, and also evaluates performance for completed activities to verify if objectives have been met. In 2015, PATS assessed 32 PROFOR activities completed or on-going in 20152 based on progress and completion notes for those activities. The following are the findings from this assessment. In 2015, PROFOR… n Produced 117 knowledge products n Supported more than 95 engagement processes with 11,138 direct participants n Influenced 30 World Bank operations n Informed 2 national policy reforms n 70% of PROFOR activities exceeded expectations for knowledge uptake 2 Of the 41 activities underway in 2015, nine did not submit progress or completion reports due to being in the very initial stage of implementation or early closure. INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 31 32 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW AND ADMINISTRATION INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 33 In 2015, PROFOR’s disbursements and outstanding marked the final contribution for the European commitments reached $8.8 million, which was at the same Commission under their commitment, which closed June level of 2014 and a record level for the program. Actual 30, 20015. A new donor commitment was formally agreed disbursements totaled $3.6 million (3 percent higher than to in 2015 with the United Kingdom for a total amount of 6 in 2014) and commitments reached $5.2 million. million pounds sterling, equivalent to $8.4 million, of which $1.8 million has been paid. (See Table 4.) PROFOR maintained an active portfolio of 43 projects (compared with 49 in 2014) and launched 8 new activities In addition to donor fund-raising, PROFOR activities (down from 25 in 2014, reflecting the new focus on continue to generate significant co-financing through programmatic activities). Seventeen activities were partnerships. For every dollar committed to a PROFOR brought to closure during 2015, compared with 16 that activity implemented during 2015, an additional 68 cents closed the previous year. (See Table 1 for actual 2015 or more is generated in co-financing. In reality, the level of expenditures and commitments.) Disbursements and co-financing is higher, but it has been difficult to estimate commitments under regional-specific activities totaled this because cash and in-kind costs that are covered $3.7 million, a 26 percent decrease from the previous year, through partnerships and by other funders were not fully and multiregional and global activities totaled $4.8 million, reported to PROFOR for several activities. a 25 percent increase from the previous year, reflecting the new focus on programmatic multiregional activities. (See Administration, communications, and program Tables 2 and 3 for expenditures by window and by management expenses held relatively constant with thematic areas.) previous years, at $0.53 million. Program management includes portfolio development and monitoring, Donor commitments agreed prior to 2015 were paid in communications activities, M&E (including the Impact during the year from Switzerland ($0.2 million), the Evaluation), financial management, and other costs Netherlands ($1.8 million), the United Kingdom ($1.5 incurred by the Secretariat. (See Table 5 for actual costs by million), and the European Union ($0.3 million). This expense items.) 34 TABLE 1. PROFOR Financial Report As of December 31, 2015 1/ ACTUAL CY2002–2013 CY2014 CY2015 Trust Fund Income 2/ PROFOR Paid-in Contribution 33,664,636 5,446,041 5,634,395 3/ PROFOR Investment Income 773,157 41,507 42,911 4/ FLEG TF Balance 1,696,975 FLEG Investment Income 26,650 Other Receipts/Income 36,753 (8) 2,041 Total Income 36,198,171 5,487,540 5,679,348 Disbursement 5/ PROFOR Programmatic Window 6,202,701 1,486,583 6/ PROFOR Strategic Window 15,596,884 1,541,640 3,310,938 7/ FLEG Strategic Window 692,823 8/ Administrative Fees (Non-Project) 1,683,230 272,302 281,720 Total Disbursements 24,175,639 3,300,525 3,592,658 9/ Commitments PROFOR Programmatic Window 2,131,231 3,560,694 PROFOR Strategic Window 1,708,216 2,052,004 5,175,810 Net Commitments (3,839,447) (5,612,697) Total Commitments 3,839,447 1,773,250 (436,888) Total Disbursements + Commitments 28,015,086 5,073,775 3,155,771 10/ Fund Balance Retained — 8,183,085 8,596,850 Total Actual Cash Fund Balance 8,183,085 8,596,850 11,120,427 1/ CY15 Trust Fund Income as presented in the Donor Center website. 2/ Donor contribution is presented in detail on the Funding Sources table. 3/ Projected investment income for CY2015 is a share of PROFOR paid-in donor contribution of the year. 4/ FLEG TF is aggregated fund balance of FLEG parent TF053912 and two HQ managed Child TFs, TF055097 and TF055098, by end of CY2008. All donor contributions have been received and administrative fees paid. FLEG TF closed on 12/31/2010. 5/ Prior to 2015, the Programmatic Window used to refer to Child Trust Funds and other activities established for regional task team leaders to execute projects based on the approved concepts notes. As of January 1, 2015, the Programmatic Window was eliminated. 6/ PROFOR Strategic Window disbursements used to include expenditures of HQ managed activities under Child TF051840, TF051864, and Child TFs, including Secretariat staff costs, consultant fees, contractual services, travel, communications, and other miscellaneous expenses for PROFOR-related programs. As of January 1, 2015, the Strategic Window included Regional, Multi-Regional, and Global Activities. 7/ FLEG Strategic Window disbursements are for expenditures of HQ managed activities under Child TF055097 &TF055098. The disbursements in CY2010 were included in the PROFOR Strategic Window as part of the alignment process. 8/ The 5 percent administrative fees are a standard cost recovery fee applied by the Bank for TF administration. 9/ Outstanding and Net Commitments in Programmatic & Strategic Windows refer to cash balance left in the child TFs out of total grants transferred from parent TFs after deduction of actual expense disbursements as of Dec 31, 2014, that are carried over to next CY. Activities have an average duration of 28 months. 10/ Fund balance retained from the previous calendar year. INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 35 TABLE 2. PROFOR Cost Analysis by Window in CY2015 Window Disbursements US$ Commitments US$ Total US$ Total % # of Activities Programmatic Window — — — 0% 0 Strategic Window 3,310,938 5,175,810 8,486,748 100% 41 Total 3,310,938 5,175,810 8,486,748 100% 41 (+) Administrative Fee 281,720 — 281,720 Total 3,592,658 5,175,810 8,768,468 Note: As of January 1, 2015, the Programmatic Window was merged with the Strategic Window. TABLE 3. PROFOR Cost Analysis by Thematic Area in CY2015 Compared with Plans 1/ Actual + Outstanding Commitments Thematic Area CY2014 US$ # of Activities CY2015 US$ # of Activities Cross Sectoral 1,757,349 12 2,900,349 12 Financing SFM 2,244,028 10 1,579,760 8 Governance 1,813,977 14 1,100,249 9 Livelihoods 2,310,881 13 2,379,185 12 Carryover Commitments in Plan Management & Administration 514,685 527,205 Total Disbursements + Commitments 8,640,920 49 8,486,748 41 Non-Project Costs Administrative Fees 272,302 281,720 Total Disbursements + Commitments 8,913,222 49 8,768,468 41 1/ Actual + Outstanding Commitments refer to activities that are under way with actual disbursements and pending disbursement. Activities have an average life of 28 months. 36 TABLE 4. PROFOR Donor Contribution As of February 28, 2015 Amount in Amount in Paid in Unpaid in Pending in Donor Currency Paid in USD Contr Curr USD Contr Curr Contr Curr USD European EUR 4,800,600 6,577,143 4,800,600 6,577,143 — — Commission Finland EUR 2,834,200 3,847,859 2,834,200 3,847,859 — — Germany EUR 1,180,000 1,601,408 1,180,000 1,601,408 — — Italy EUR 460,000 648,166 460,000 648,166 — — Japan USD 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 — — Netherlands EUR 4,652,281 6,806,567 4,652,281 6,806,567 — — Switzerland CHF 3,268,878 3,477,509 3,268,755 3,477,378 123 131 1/ United Kingdom GBP 17,473,342 27,588,551 12,662,501 20,886,551 4,800,000 6,702,000 Total 51,447,203 44,745,072 6,702,131 1/ Pending Contribution from United Kingdom is expected to be paid in equal parts in 2016 and 2017 TABLE 5. PROFOR Program Management: Actual Costs Analysis by Type of Activity for CY2015 Consulting Short-Term Contractual Type of Activity Staff Costs Travel Total % Firm Consultants Services Portfolio Management $ 169,230 $ 5,763 $85,500 — $ 4,945 $ 265,437 50% Communications $ 118,263 $ (2,171) — $ 28,379 $ 18,201 $ 162,671 31% Monitoring and Evaluation $ 43,142 $ 8,468 — — — $ 51,611 10% Financial Management $ 47,485 — — — — $ 47,485 9% Grand Total $ 378,120 $ 12,060 $ 85,500 $ 28,379 $ 23,146 $ 527,205 9% INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 37 ANNEX I: OVERVIEW OF CY2015 ACTIVITIES, BY THEMATIC AREA INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 39 THEMATIC ACTIVITY REGION ID CURRENT APPROVAL DELIVERY PROFOR CO- COFINANCING TOTAL AREA STATUS DATE DATE FUNDING FINANCING SOURCE FUNDING CROSS SECTORAL Cross Sectoral Balancing Mining Development and Forest AFR TF015224 Underway 07/01/13 06/30/16 $570,000 $178,000 TFESSD, FCPF, $748,000 Conservation in the Congo Basin WB Cross Sectoral Developing Proxy Indicators to Assess Global TF015018 Completed 06/18/13 06/30/15 $202,555 $6,174 WB $208,729 Forests Sector Impacts P145206 Cross Sectoral Forest Resilience Scenarios for the Southern LCR TF018481 Underway 09/09/14 05/31/16 $130,000 $95,200 MAPA, MCTI, $225,200 Amazon: Managing the Agricultural Frontier FIP Cross Sectoral Institutional Analysis and Landscape SAR TF013974 Completed 12/18/12 06/30/15 $321,133 $70,000 DfID, FAO, WB $391,133 Level Planning Guidelines for Watershed Development in India Cross Sectoral Linking Evidence and Policy Discussions Global TF018225 Completed 09/18/14 12/31/15 $242,654 $10,414 WB $253,068 and Contributing to Measures for Achieving National and Post-2015 Global Development Agendas Cross Sectoral Mainstreaming wood and forests to help Multi- TF0A0841 Underway 08/03/15 06/29/18 $850,000 TBC $850,000 deliver energy access for all regional Cross Sectoral Reducing deforestation and forest degrada- Multi- TF0A1203 Underway 09/21/15 12/28/17 $700,000 TBC $700,000 tion via innovative commodity supply chain regional mechanisms and governance Cross Sectoral Taking to Scale Tree-based Ecosystem Global TF012754 Underway 07/09/12 06/30/16 $150,000 $639,000 WB, BNPP $789,000 Approaches that Enhance Food Security, TF051840 Improve Resilience to Climate Change, and TF051864 Sequester Carbon P129335 Cross Sectoral Turn Down the Heat III: Regional Analysis ECA TF016890 Completed 02/19/14 06/30/15 $160,997 $314,714 WB, CAEDWP $475,711 (ECA) – The Case for Climate Resilience Cross Sectoral Turn Down the Heat III: Regional Analysis LCR TF017366 Completed 02/19/14 06/30/15 $142,443 $88,686 CIF, CPT-CPF, $231,129 (LAC) – The Case for Climate Resilience ESMAP, WB Cross Sectoral Turn Down the Heat III: Regional Analysis MNA TF017334 Completed 02/19/14 06/30/15 $50,612 $580,000 CIF, CPT-CPF, $630,612 (MNA) – The Case for Climate Resilience ESMAP, WB Cross Sectoral Workshop on Sustainable Productive Forest LCR TF017986 Completed 07/08/14 06/30/15 $47,894 $10,000 Government, $57,894 Landscapes in Mexico WB Cross Sectoral Total $3,568,288 $1,992,188 $5,560,476 40 THEMATIC ACTIVITY REGION ID CURRENT APPROVAL DELIVERY PROFOR CO- COFINANCING TOTAL AREA STATUS DATE DATE FUNDING FINANCING SOURCE FUNDING FINANCING SFM Financing SFM Advancing Ecosystem Market Intelligence Global TF014982 Completed 06/10/13 06/30/15 $466,646 $2,086,000 Public, Private $2,552,646 P146240 and NGO Supporters, foundations and large bilateral donors Financing SFM African Wood Products Price Index AFR N/A Dropped N/A N/A — — — Financing SFM Biodiversity Offsets Toolkit and Sourcebook AFR TF015587 - Underway 07/08/13 05/31/16 $350,000 $60,000 Extractives for $410,000 Development Financing SFM Close-to-Nature Planted Forest (CTNPF) LCR TF0A1684 Underway 12/11/15 06/30/17 $150,000 $152,000 FAO, WB $302,000 Financing SFM Colombia: Commercial Reforestation LCR TF016543 Underway 01/16/2014 06/30/16 $406,000 $729,000 Government; $1,135,000 Potential WB Financing SFM Congo Basin Timber: Examining the Potential AFR TF018836 Completed 11/12/14 04/30/16 $200,000 $5,000 ITTO $205,000 to Boost the Volume of Legal Wood Used in Construction and Furniture Making in the Congo Basin Financing SFM Improving Business Climate for Planted AFR TF017361 Underway 05/12/14 12/31/16 $278,000 $150,000 European Space $428,000 Forests in Mozambique Agency, WB Financing SFM Mechanisms to Incentivize the Reestab- LCR TF017716 Underway 07/08/14 06/30/16 $120,000 $280,000 Government; $400,000 lishment and Scaling Up of Native Species IUCN Forest Plantations in the State of São Paulo, Brazil Financing SFM Stimulating Private Sector Engagement in Global TF0A0661 Underway 01/09/15 10/31/16 $80,000 $80,000 Climate Invest- $160,000 REDD+ Sustainable Forest Management and ment Funds Landscape Restoration Efforts Financing SFM Total $2,050,646 $3,542,000 $5,592,646 GOVERNANCE Governance Collaborative Stakeholder Mapping to ECA TF018020 Dropped 09/01/14 06/09/15 $4,232 $4,232 Promote Legal Timber Trade Governance Developing a Road Map for Benefit-sharing Global TF015541 Completed 06/17/13 03/31/16 $255,000 $903 WB $255,903 Mechanisms by Using PROFOR’s Options P147484 Assessment Framework INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 41 THEMATIC ACTIVITY REGION ID CURRENT APPROVAL DELIVERY PROFOR CO- COFINANCING TOTAL AREA STATUS DATE DATE FUNDING FINANCING SOURCE FUNDING Governance Global Review of ICT tools for Forest Knowl- EAP TF0A0655 Underway 06/29/15 06/30/16 $120,000 $13,000 FIP, WB (Spatial $133,000 edge Management and Information Systems helpdesk, Wa- and Application to Indonesia tersheds Global Solutions Group) Governance ICT In Forest Governance Application - Global P126410 Completed 06/26/14 03/31/15 $17,045 $5,004 WB $22,049 Phase II Governance Improving the Forests Database to Support Global TF014014 Completed 12/18/12 10/30/15 $199,000 $63,019 WAVES $262,019 Sustainable Forest Management - Phase II Governance Methodology for Calculating Budget Losses ECA TF018019 Dropped 07/08/14 06/09/15 $23,973 $23,973 and Local Revenue Impacts of Illegal Logging Governance Political Economy Analysis for Decision Global TF012926 Completed 08/06/12 05/30/15 $168,648 $26,753 WB $195,401 Making in Forestry P132657 Governance State Forest Administration (SFA) Reform EAP TF013910 Completed 11/26/12 08/31/15 $260,000 $65,000 Government, $325,000 in Vietnam SFE, WB Governance Supporting Innovative Forest Governance Global TF017087 Underway 01/14/15 06/30/16 $411,510 $18,000 LLI WB $429,510 Assessment and Monitoring Governance Total $1,459,408 $191,678 $1,651,087 LIVELIHOODS Livelihoods Adaptation of Strategic Community En- LCR TF017025 Dropped 01/29/14 12/31/15 $63,832 $135,000 SBA $198,832 gagement and Forest Production Monitoring Climate Funds; Systems to Forestry Value Chains in the Grassroots Peruvian Amazon Business Fund; Counterpart funding (TBC) Livelihoods Building National-Scale Evidence on the Global TF018582 Underway 11/10/14 06/30/16 $100,000 $145,000 WB, CIFOR, $245,000 Contribution of Forests to Household Wel- FAO, IFRI fare: A Forestry Module for Living Standards Measurement Surveys Livelihoods Fostering Green economy and Integrated MNA TF0A1377 Underway 10/13/15 06/30/17 $140,000 $50,000 Government $190,000 landscape management in Tunisia Livelihoods Lebanon: Best-fit Practices for Reforestation MNA TF013957 Completed 01/02/13 10/31/15 $250,000 $16,000 WB $266,000 to Enhance Climate Resilience in Remote Hilly Areas 42 THEMATIC ACTIVITY REGION ID CURRENT APPROVAL DELIVERY PROFOR CO- COFINANCING TOTAL AREA STATUS DATE DATE FUNDING FINANCING SOURCE FUNDING Livelihoods Supporting Small Forest Enterprises to Grow Global N/A Dropped - N/A N/A — — — Merged into Program- matic Activity Livelihoods Supporting the Elaboration of a National MNA TF017730 Completed 07/08/14 12/31/15 $100,000 $27,000 WB $127,000 Silvo-pastoral Strategy for Tunisia Livelihoods The Role of Forests in Reducing Poverty and EAP TF018410 Underway 07/31/14 06/30/16 $300,000 $202,200 WB, Govern- $502,200 Enhancing Climate Resilience: A Case Study ment (TBC) of the Philippines Livelihoods Trees and Smallholder Agriculture: A House- AFR TF017937 Underway 06/08/14 12/31/16 $184,000 $80,000 Gates Founda- $264,000 hold Perspective from Sub-Saharan Africa tion, WB, Global Food Price Crisis Response Program Livelihoods Tunisia: Sustainable Management of Oasis MNA TF014003 Completed 01/02/13 10/31/15 $380,000 $88,000 WB $468,000 Ecosystems Livelihoods Turkey Forest Villages: Socioeconomic study ECA TF0A1378 Underway 09/24/15 05/31/16 $185,000 $30,000 FAO, WB $215,000 of forest villagers to better understand the causes of out-migration, forest dependence and poverty Livelihoods Understanding forests’ contribution to Multi-re- TF0A0991 Underway 08/26/15 05/31/17 $500,000 $240,000 TBC $740,000 poverty reduction gional Livelihoods Understanding the Role of India’s Forests in SAR TF017981 Underway 07/08/14 03/31/16 $110,000 $33,000 WB $143,000 Contributing to Combating Extreme Poverty and in Promoting Shared Prosperity Livelihoods Unlocking SMFEs’ Contribution to Shared Multi-re- TF0A0997 Underway 08/26/15 11/15/18 $525,000 — TBC $525,000 Prosperity: Identifying and Operationalizing gional Innovative Multi-sectoral Solutions Livelihoods Total $2,837,832 $1,046,200 $3,884,032 Grand Total $9,916,174 $6,772,066 $16,688,241 INFORMING, CONNECTING AND SHAPING FOREST ACTIONS 43 44 http://www.profor.info https://www.facebook.com/programonforests https://twitter.com/forestideas PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS Inside Front Cover: Shutterstock / elwynn Page 4: Shutterstock / hagit berkovich Pages 6–7: IFPRI / Mitchell Maher Page 8: Shutterstock / Nick Photography Page 10: Shutterstock / A.S. 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