71189 Romania: Trade At-A-Glance Dec-08 2007 GDP 2007 GDP 2007 Share 2007 Trade Membership No. of RTAs/ EIAs (millions) per capita in World Trade per capita GATT WTO Goods Services $158,663 $7,370 0.32% $4,919 1971 1995 25 4 Romania TRADE PERFORMANCE ‡ ECA Ranking Decile TP Upper mid inc TRADE POLICY (TP) (out of 125) 25 2 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (EE) (out of 126) 20 2 TO EE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT (IE) (out of 181) 47 3 TRADE FACILITATION (TF) (out of 151) 51 4 TRADE OUTCOME (TO) (out of 161) 12 1 TF IE ‡ Rankings are based on the "representative" indicators (in bold) in each group below for the latest year Outer bound represents best value in latest year TRADE POLICY (TP)  1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Trade Tariff Restrictiveness Index (MFN applied tariffs)& 14.4 11.1 4.1 * TTRI (applied tariffs including preferences) & .. 7.6 1.8 * TTRI Overall TRI (OTRI, applied tariffs incl. prefs.+NTMs)& .. 12.6 6.4 * (MFN) Other trade policy indicators MFN applied tariff - simple avg (%) 17.0 16.7 5.3 5.5 Applied Dispersion (coefficient of variation) 1.1 0.9 1.8 2.0 tariff (wgt avg) Maximum rate 248.0 234.0 202.3 228.8 Agriculture - simple avg (%) 25.3 23.8 15.2 16.7 Import Nonagriculture - simple avg (%) 15.7 15.6 3.8 3.8 duties MFN applied tariff - trade weighted avg (%) 14.2 14.3 3.1 3.2 MFN zero-duty imports (% in total imports) 5.9 14.0 56.7 56.7 * Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - trade weighted avg (%) 7.3 5.8 2.1 2.1 Nontariff measures Agriculture 23.0 28.6 9.6 10.1 Nonagriculture 6.0 4.0 1.7 1.6 0 10 20 Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - production weighted avg (%) .. 11.7 .. ECA Upper mid inc Romania Applied tariff (incl. prefs.) escalation (finished% minus raw%) .. 0.9 1.0 Agriculture .. .. 15.0 16.5 Nonagriculture .. .. 0.7 0.9 Import duties (% of imports) .. 0.0 .. .. Services commit. Tariff overhang (MFN bound less MFN applied rate,%) 22.8 22.9 0.2 0.0 Bound tariff frequency ratio (% of total lines) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * Specific tariffs frequency ratio (%) 0.0 0.0 11.0 10.5 0 40 80 Non-tariff measures frequency ratio (%) 17.7 .. .. .. ECA Upper mid inc Romania Overall GATS commitment index (0-100, best) .. 41.1 41.1 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (EE)  1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ MA-TTRI (applied tariffs incl. prefs.)& 4.1 4.4 * MA-OTRI (applied tariffs incl. prefs.+NTMs)& 13.7 9.1 * MA-TTRI Other external environment indicators ROW applied tariff (incl. prefs.) - weighted avg (%) 7.1 2.7 1.4 0.9 * MFN duty free Agriculture 18.7 11.6 9.9 3.5 * (exports) Nonagriculture 6.4 2.4 1.1 0.8 * MFN zero-duty exports (% of total exports) 7.8 15.2 32.5 46.0 * Value of prefer Exports with FTA / CU partners (% of total exports) 0.0 9.4 11.6 12.2 * Preferences (EU+U.S.) utilization rate (%) .. .. 90.0 80.2 * 0 1 Lowest Highest Preferences (EU+U.S.) actual value (% of exports) .. .. 4.9 4.2 * ECA Upper mid inc Romania Real effective exchange rate (% change,+ =apprec.) 4.2 2.8 11.5 -4.5 ^ Indicators shown are period averages, incl. growth rates. Latest indicates 2008; when not available, 2006 or 2007 is used(noted by *). For more infor., see User's Guide at http://www.worldbank.org/wti2008. ŸMFN: most favored nation; NTM: nontariff measures; MA: market access; ROW: rest of the world; FTA: free trade agreement; CU: customs union; WTO: World Trade Organization GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; WGI: World Government Indicators; ".." indicates missing value; RTA/EIA: regional trade arrangement / economic integration arrangement; & 2007 are preliminary estimates Romania Trade At-A-Glance Dec-08 INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT (IE) 2004 2006 2007 2008 Ease of Doing Business (rank out of 181) .. .. 47 47 Starting a business (rank) .. .. 24 26 Enforcing contracts (rank) .. .. 35 26 Ease of Doing Closing a business (rank) .. 84 31 Business Other institutional environment indicators WGI - Regulatory Quality (-2.5 to +2.5, best) -0.14 -0.07 -0.09 .. 0 80 160 WGI - Rule of Law (-2.5 to +2.5, best) -0.17 -0.21 -0.17 .. ECA Upper mid inc Romania WGI - Control of Corruption (-2.5 to +2.5, best) -0.25 -0.15 -0.19 .. TRADE FACILITATION (TF) 1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Logistics Performance Index (LPI, 1 to 5 best) .. .. 2.9 2.9 * Efficiency of customs and other border procedures .. .. 2.6 2.6 * Logistic Index Quality of transport and IT infrastructures .. .. 2.7 2.7 * International transportation costs .. .. 3.2 3.2 * Logistics competence .. .. 2.9 2.9 * Trading Trackability of shipments .. .. 2.9 2.9 * Across Borders Domestic transportation costs .. .. 2.6 2.6 * Timeliness of shipment .. .. 3.2 3.2 * Other trade facilitation indicators UNCTAD Shipping Doing Business - Trading Across Borders (rank out of 181) .. 40 40 No. of documents required for exports .. .. 6 5 No. of days process required for exports .. .. 21 21 Telephones Cost to export (US$ per container) .. .. 1,150 1,275 per 100 No. of documents required for imports .. .. 9 6 No. of days process required for imports .. .. 18 13 Secondary Cost to import (US$ per container) .. .. 1,117 1,175 enrollment Liner shipping connectivity index (0-100 best) .. .. 15.0 22.5 Telephones and mobiles per 100 people 16.9 45.4 102.7 126.1 * 0 Lowest 1 Highest Average cost of 3-minute call to U.S. (US$) 6.1 1.7 .. .. ECA Upper mid inc Romania Internet usage (per 100 people) 1.1 11.5 43.4 55.7 * Secondary gross school enrollment (%) 79.2 83.8 85.8 85.9 * TRADE OUTCOME (TO) ## 1995-99^ 2000-04^ 2005-07^ Latest^ Real growth in trade of goods and services (%) 7.6 16.4 9.1 18.4 20 18.4 Exports 7.3 14.9 7.5 14.6 15 16.4 Imports 8.0 17.7 10.3 20.7 11.5 11.2 10 9.5 9.1 Other trade outcome indicators 7.6 6.5 6.4 7.9 5.9 5 Trade integration (trade as % of GDP) 59.4 74.6 76.4 91.0 FDI inflow (% of GDP) 2.6 4.0 7.3 6.4 0 1995-99 2000-04 2005-07 2008 World trade share growth (%) 1.4 12.7 5.6 11.9 Trade Growth Rate Exports 0.7 11.7 1.2 8.0 Romania ECA Upper mid inc Imports 2.3 13.7 9.0 14.1 Merchandise share in total exports (%) 85.2 85.6 82.0 80.2 Exports Share (2005-07) Agriculture 8.8 5.8 4.4 4.5 * Agric, Manufacturing 66.8 69.2 66.2 65.1 * Service, 4.4 18.0 Mining, fuel and others 9.6 10.6 12.7 12.6 * Service share in total exports (%) 14.8 14.4 18.0 19.4 Tourism 4.5 2.4 3.1 2.9 * Mining, 12.7 Transportation 5.5 5.8 4.8 5.0 * Other services 4.8 6.3 10.1 12.7 * Export product concentration index (0 to 100, highest) 13.1 13.2 12.1 11.5 * Manuf, 66.2 Export market concentration index (0 to 100, highest) 29.4 31.6 28.3 28.2 * Top 5 exports share (% of merchandise exports) .. .. 28.2 26.8 * Top 5 exports (SITC Rev. 2; 3 digit) Hvy pet/bitum oils[334], Elec distrib equip[773],Motor veh parts/acs[784], Footwear[851], Women/grl cloth wven[842] ^ Indicators shown are period averages, incl. growth rates. Latest indicates 2008; when not available, 2006 or 2007 is used (noted by *). For more info., see User's Guide at http://www.worldbank.org/wti2008 ## Most outcome indicators (mostly through 2007) are from the WDI (World Bank, Data Group), UNCTAD or COMTRADE; for filling gaps and 2008, data from the Prospects Group are used.