35823


 2006 /             
                                34 

        :             
                      

     --      --  
         .   
      .                                  
   .           
      1                                   
«  -                                    
                                        
     .         .»                       
                                        
.     )  (                            .  
                                         
-»«                                     
          .            2              .   
  .                                      
                                        
                                         
                                        

3.         .                            . 
                                         
                                         
            .                  
                                        

                                      . 

       .                                2006 ©
                                       

.                                       

                                        
             .                        )CGAP(  

         .                             33   
                                         
                                         .
          .                              

             .                          
                                       
                                      .)www.cgap.org(

           .2003    :  24   
                           
                                   1




.»«2
 :   .       "        "   
                           -    3
                             .2005 




                     
 

.                     
»  «                  
   -   -                       .
      .                       
        
                                 

  .                   .

   (                  -       

         )                  -  

                              

                              

                           .   

                               
  :     .                      
                              
    »«                     .    
                                

                               

                              
                         .    
                              
                              
       
)    (     --                 

                              

      .       5                

                       .     

    --                        

-                             

                 .             

                               4.  
   .                        
  .                         
                        .      
   --               4
   --" .   " "                

   «      
        "                     
)1(              5              
   .       )2(
-«                          .  
:  6      »                   
        .2000 /              .   



                                    

    .                 
                     
 .                  . 
                      
                .
 .                   
                      
.                      
              .
   .                 
                        
.                      .
              
     .               
                     
               .      
   .                  
                     ""
                      .
  -     -»«         
                     
 .                    .
                     
      . 
  .               .   
              :
              
              .»«
                      
    .                 

              

                    . 

                       
              
                      
   : /                
                     .
     1982      
    --           .
                     
        .             





  .                                                                      .   
.1600                                                                    .  
.                                                                         35  18  
                                                                            .
       .                                                           6.
  .                                                                       
                                                                   
.2002     .                                                        .         

                                                                            .
                                                 9.                   90      
                                                                   .
                                                                    40.000     .   84.000
  .                                                                   10.000      
                                                                                    7 .
                                                                   
  .)     ( 
 

                                                                       .   
                                                                   
    » «                                                              .       
10.                                                                        
                                                                           
                                                                        79   . 
                                                                        
     .                11                                             .      
       .                                                           

                                                                         

                                                                    .        

                                                                     »    «

                                                                      63   2005     

.                                                                          
                                                                           8
                                                                           .       

.                                                                  :/­

 0.17     0.85                                                  6    --   

                                                                                   
  10.000       10.000   7               .    

Ahmed, Shaikh S., DeliveryMechanisms .   
ofCashTransferProgramstothePoorinBangladesh,Washington,                   

       .Email from Dr. Phillip Tanner, Program Coordinator, RMP
                                       .D.C.:World Bank, May 20058           . 

                                                                9      .      
Maintenance Programme: Final Output to Purpose Review,"
Potter, Harry, et al., "Malawi Central Region Infrastructure               

Pinder,Caroline,"EconomicPathwaysforMalawi'sRuralHouse-10
      .Lilongwe, Malawi:CARE Malawi, 2002. www.caremalawi.org      /      )CRIMP( 
                                                                      1999      
Scharff, Xanthe, "Ex-Post Evaluation of CARE International's
 .)holds," Lilongwe, Malawi: CARE Malawi, 2003, and Potter )2002
                                                               11
Cen-tral Region Infrastructure Maintenance Program )CRIMP( in           .  
                                  .Malawi,"December 2005, Mimeo           



                                                                                        

      .     
                . 
                                                                       
                                                                 

    .                                                                  
   .                                                                        . 
       
        
                                             .                          
                                                                          
    1.6     .
       »«  .
                                                               )IGVGD( 
                                                                  :/         

     .                                                                
                                                                      )WFP(
    (                                                             .    
 .     )                                                                
                                                                    .  
                                                                      
                                                                       
                                                     12.                
                                                                  .     
      .                                                        
                                                                       
                                                                         
  44.000                                                                
                                           .2004 - 2003        .

" :/                                                              )IGVGD(     
                                                                       
                                                                     .        
1988  )ABA(                        )TSEP( "  
                                                                     
    .                                                                 
--                                                                 18   
      500                                                      .        
                                                                      
                   . 125 25                                           
    2000  /                                                           
  )TSEP( »   «                                                  .        
                                                                      
  «  .»«                                                            )  50(
         »                                                            . 
                                                                 .            
       "                                                    12
CGAP,2001.:21"
Matin,Imran,andRabeyaYasmin,"ManagingScalingUpChallenges              
of a Program for the Poorest," in Scaling Up Poverty Reduction,       
          .2004     :.Washington, D.C                          -    -    





                  50       
.                   25      .
                 
  .                .      
                       25  
        .                 
   .             «.
                 »«»

   .                   .

                    2300 »   «  

                 .2005

      .          5  »«        

»«                 »   «  .   

                   »«      

                 .       

.                   »   «   

»«               

 .                »   «    .

      :                     
                         
                   .       
   .    
                            
            .
.                 -        
                          
                 .       
          .            
                   .       
  .              «
                         »
 .                      
                   .     
                         
         .           .      
                         
                         
                        
           .          .   




                                

         :            
                  .   
                       
                      
       --        (     . 
       .              
.              )
                        
 )    (           .     
                      
      .               
                   .   
          .            
                :      .
     .         

               

      .         .      

 --                   

      --              

      .                  . 

               

.                     

                      

                 .     

        .                
                      
                   .    

               

              
                       



                   
                       
                  


             
                         
             
    3        2         1 





 
34                                                                                                             
                          Ahmed,ton,Shaikh S. Delivery Mechanisms of Cash Transfer Programs to the Poor in Bangladesh. Washing-
                                       D.C.: World Bank, May 2005.
                          Hashemi, Syed. "Linking Microfinance and Safety Net Programs to Include the Poorest." Focus Note 21.
                                  Washington, D.C.: CGAP, 2001.
                          Holzmann, Robert, and Steen Jorgensen. "Social Risk Management: A New Conceptual Framework for
                                  Social Protection and Beyond." Social Protection Discussion Paper # 6. Washington, D.C.: World
                                  Bank, February 2000.
                          Littlefield, Elizabeth, Jonathan Murdoch, and Syed Hashami. "Is Microfinance an Effective Strategy to
                                  PlReach the Millennium Development Goals?" Focus Note 24. Washington, D.C.: CGAP, 2003.
.    
                          Matin, Imran, and Rabeya Yasmin. "Managing Scaling Up Challenges of a Program for the Poorest," in
                                  Scaling Up Poverty Reduction. Washington, D.C.: CGAP, 2004.

                          Pinder,2003.
                                    Caroline. "Economic Pathways for Malawi's Rural Households." Lilongwe, Malawi: CARE Malawi,
  
.                         Potter,pose et al. "Malawi Central Region Infrastructure Maintenance Programme: Final Output to Pur-
                                   Harry,Review." Lilongwe, Malawi: CARE Malawi, 2002. www.caremalawi.org.


                          Scharff,Program "Ex-PostinEvaluation of CARE International's Central Region Infrastructure Maintenance
                                    Xanthe.)CRIMP(      Malawi." Mimeo. December 2005.
                          Zaman,ladesh, ed. The Economics and Governance of Non Government Organizations )NGOs( in Bang-
                                    Hassan,Consultation Draft. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2005.
:  
   

www.cgap.org

CGAP
1818 H Street, NW
MSN P3 - 300
Washington, DC 20433 USA


202-473-9594 :
202-522-3744 :


: 
cgap@worldbank.org