E1225v6 Road Specific Environmental Assessment Report Road Sector Assistance Project (RSAP) Western Province Rehabilitating and Upgrading the Selected Road Sections of A002 Road and AB011 1. Road Section – 1 (A – 002 Road): (from Maliban Junction (13+350km) to Kurusa Junction (18+450km) 2. Road Section – 2 (AB– 011 Road): (from Kurusa Junction (00+00km) to Panadura Bridge Junction (6+800km) 3. Road Section – 3 (A – 002 Road): (from Panadura Bridge Junction (25+250km) to Nalluruwa 30th km Post Junction (30+00km) October 2012 CONTENTS Page Executive Summary 6 Abbreviation 9 CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION 11 1.1 Background Information 11 1.2. Objectives of the Proposed Project 12 1.3 Objectives of Environmental Assessment Study 13 1.4 Extent and Scope of the Study 15 1.5 Environmental Assessment Requirements 17 1.6 Applicable Laws, Regulations, Standards and Requirements Covering the Proposed project 19 1.7 World Bank Policy on Environmental & Social Safeguards 23 CHAPTER – 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT 25 2.1 Location of the Project 25 2.2. Need of the Project 28 2.3 Alternative Analysis 30 2.4 Project Activities 31 2.4.1 Road Route 31 2.4.2. Type, ROW and Adjustments to Alignments 32 2.4.3. Repair of Bridges 32 2.4.4. Improvements to Drainage and Service Ducts 32 2.4.5. Widening and Stabilization of Embankments 33 2.4.6. Sources of Material Used 33 2.4.7. Generation of Wastes and their Disposal 35 2.4.8. Storing of Reusable Soil Materials 35 2.4.9. Resettlement and Necessary Rehabilitation Activities 35 2.4.10.Temporary De-routing of Traffic and Traffic Impacts 36 2.4.11.Land Acquisition 36 2.4.12.Safety Features 36 2.4.13.Staffing and Accommodation of Employees 36 2.4.14.Schedule of Project Activities 37 2.4.15.Operation and Maintenance Activities 37 2.5 . Other Project Activities 38 1 2.6..Work Force (Requirement and Availability during Construction) 38 2.7. Proposed Schedule of Implementation 39 CHAPTER – 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 40 3.1 . Physical environment 40 3.2. Biological Environment 55 3.3 Social Environment 58 CHAPTER – 4 EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & PROPOSED MITIGATORY MEASURES 72 4.1 Construction Stage 72 4.1.1. Felling of Trees 72 4.1.2 Soil Erosion 73 4.1.3. Siltation 74 4.1.4 Minor Slope Failures / Collapsings. 75 4.1.5 Protection of Water Sources & Quality due to Road & Related Works 76 4.1.6 Noise Pollution due to Operation of heavy vehicles & equipment 77 4.1.7 Air Pollution 77 4.1.8 Protection of Cultural & Religious Places & Properties 80 4.1.9 Traffic Management 81 4.1.10 Disposal of Harmful Construction Wastes 81 4.1.11 Storage & Handling of Construction Materials 82 4.1.12 Flooding 83 4.1.13 Labour Camps 84 4.1.14 Disposal of Spoil 84 4.1.15 Construction Machinery 84 4.1.16 Work on Culverts over Minor Streams 85 4.1.17Removal of Unauthorized Sections of Boundary Walls and Temporary Boutiques and Houses Built within Road Reservation 85 4.1.18 Use of Sand 85 4.1.19 Rock Quarries 85 4.1.20 Burrow Pits 86 4.1.21 Impacts on Existing Biological Environment 86 4.2 Operational Stage 86 4.2.1 Stagnation of water at culverts during heavy rains due to siltation and blocking of openings with debris. 86 2 4.2.2 Road safety 87 4.2.3 Encroachment of new ROW 87 CHAPTER – 5 ROAD SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 88 CHAPTER – 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 89 CHAPTER – 7 LIST OF REFERENCES 92 3 FIGURES Page Fig. 1: Location Map Showing Selected Section of Galle Road from Maliban Junction to Nalluruwa Junction for Rehabilitation 27 Fig. 2: Geological Map Covering Selected Section of Galle Road from Maliban Junction to Nalluruwa Junction for Rehabilitation 42 Fig. 3: Typical coastal sand aquifer 47 ANNEXES Page Annex - A: Terrestrial and Aquatic Flora Recorded 99 Annex - B: Terrestrial and Aquatic Fauna Recorded 104 Annex - C: Trees to be Removed or Affected 109 Annex- D: EMOP for the Project 126 Annex - E: Baseline data on Ambient air quality,noise levels & water quality 127 4 TABLES Page Table – 1: Monthly Rainfall data for the period of 2001 – 2010 at the Angoda Mental Hospital Gauge Station 45 Table – 2: Other monthly average meteorological parameters 46 Table – 3: List & Chainage of Environmentally Sensitive Sites along the Roadway and its Close Vicinity (Noise and Air Pollution Sensitive Sites) 49 Table - 4: National ambient air quality standards 52 Table - 5: Summary of the Plant Species Recorded During the Study 57 Table - 6: Summary of the Faunal Species Recorded During the Study 58 Table - 7: GND’s Situated Along the Road – Ratmalana DS Division 60 Table – 8: GND’s Situated Along the Road – Moratuwa DS Division 60 Table – 9: GND’s Situated Along the Road – Panadura DS Division 61 Table – 10: Existing Land Use Pattern 62 Table – 11: Demographic Details of the Area 64 Table – 12: Gender Composition of the Area 65 Table – 13: Age distribution of the population 65 Table – 14: Level of Education 66 Table – 15: Occupation Patterns of the HHH at DSD level 67 Table – 16: Types of the Houses 67 Table – 17: Sources of Income, Analyzed at DSD Level 68 Table – 18: Monthly Income Pattern 69 Table – 19: Number of Community Establishments Situated Along the Road of the Project Area 70 5 Road Sector Assistance Project (RSAP) Environmental Assessment Report for Rehabilitating and Upgrading the Selected Section of Galle Road from Maliban Junction (13+350km) to Kurusa Junction(18+500km)of (A 002 Road), Kurusa Junction to Panadura Bridge Junction(00+6+800km)of (AB 011 Road) & Panadura Bridge Junction(25+500km) to Nalluruwa Junction (A 002 Road) (30+000km) Executive Summary Road specific Environmental Assessment (EA) report and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed rehabilitating and upgrading the selected section of Galle road from Maliban Junction (13+350) to Kurusa Junction (A 002 Road), Kurusa Junction to Panadura Bridge Junction (AB 011 Road) & Panadura Bridge Junction to Nalluruwa Junction (A 002 Road) (30+000) was conducted in order to ensure that the proposed development project is environmentally sustainable, economically viable and socially acceptable and also to identify potential environmental impacts that may arise due to the project activities and propose mitigatory measures.. This EA study has revealed that the proposed project will not create significant negative impacts to the physical, biological and human environment and also the impacts could be successfully mitigated without causing irreparable damages. Only minor scale negative impacts such as soil erosion, siltation, sediment run off, noise and air pollution, emission of vehicle fumes and dust generation are expected during the construction period of this project. These minor scale negative impacts could be minimized or compensated by adopting proposed mitigatory measures. However positive impacts such as rehabilitating national road network improvement of infrastructure facilities, more employment opportunities for the neighboring communities during the construction phase, land value increase etc. are predicted and therefore the project will cause favourable social impacts. The 6 project will also assist in the development activities of the Colombo and Kalutara Districts. Therefore the proposed rehabilitating and upgrading the selected section of Galle road from Maliban Junction (13+350) to Kurusa Junction (A 002 Road), Kurusa Junction to Panadura Bridge Junction (AB 011 Road) & Panadura Bridge Junction to Nalluruwa Junction (A 002 Road) (30+000) could be identified as an environmentally sound, economically viable and socially acceptable project. It is necessary to implement the proposed monitoring plan to ensure that the proposed mitigatory measures are properly implemented. This will enable to detect any undesirable side effects at an early stage. The contractor has to play a leading role in facilitating environmental management of the project site. Funding for this is to be borne by the project. The contractor will have to work in collaboration with relevant government link agencies, on matters related to environment management. The RDA / PMU should take the leadership role in the monitoring process. The monitoring team will monitor all the activities of project proponent’s monitoring plan. Presence of a geologist, soil scientist, ecologist, sociologist, hydrologist and a civil engineer is a must for the monitoring team By implementing the proposed Environmental Management Plan (EMP) during the construction and operational phases, most of the expected impacts could be mitigated. Road specific EMP is produced as a separate report. By implementing the proposed Environmental Management Plan (EMP) during the construction and operational phases, most of the expected impacts could be mitigated. Road specific EMP is produced as a separate report. Note: Within 500m radius of the proposed road, no environmentally sensitive sites such as Forest Reserves, Wildlife Parks, Landslide Prone Areas or Archaeological Sites are encountered. 7 However, Bolgoda Lake, Bolgoda Ganga and Sea are located within the 500m radius. Bolgoda Ganga crosses the road near Panadura. Distances to closest environmentally sensitive sites from the road trace with distances are as follows. Bolgoda Lake - 0.75 – 1.25km Lunawa Lagoon - 0.6 – 0.8 km Pinwatta Ela - 0.6 – 0.8 km Sea - 30 – 50m Environmentally sensitive sites located within 500m distance from the road trace were discussed under respective sections of this report and mitigatory measures were proposed to mitigate identified and expected impacts. 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AC - Asphalt Concrete ADB - Asian Development Bank ADT - Average Daily Traffic AP - Affected Persons ADD - Agrarian Development Department CBO - Community Based Organization CEA - Central Environmental Authority CEB - Ceylon Electricity Board DBH - Diameter at Breast Height DoA - Department of Archeology DoF - Department of Forestry DS - Divisional Secretary EA - Environmental Assessment EMP - Environmental Management Plan EMP - Environmental Monitoring Plan ESC - Environmental Safeguards Compliance ESD - Environmental & Social Division FBO - Farmer Based Organization GN - Grama Niladari GOSL - Government of Sri Lanka GPS - Global Positioning System GSMB - Geological Survey and Mines Bureau ICTAD - Institute for Construction Training and Development IDA - International Donor Agency IEER - Initial Environmental Examination Report ILO - International labor organization IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature ID - Irrigation Department LA - Local Authority LHS - Left Hand Side 9 MOH - Ministry of Health NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards NBRO - National Building Research Organization NEA - National Environmental Act NEHRP - North East Housing Reconstruction Program NGO - Non Government Organizations NHSP - National Highway Sector Project NIRP - National Involuntary Resettlement Policy PHI - Public Health Inspector PMU - Project Management Unit RB - Right Bank RDA - Road Development Authority RHS - Right Hand Side ROW - Right of Way RSAP - Road Sector Assistance Project RSMP - Road Sector Master Plan SA - Social Assessment SEZ - Special Economic Zone WB - World Bank 10 CHAPTER - 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Information The Government of Sri Lanka (GOSL) has requested financing from the World Bank to assist them to rehabilitate, improve and maintain the national roads network with an objective to achieve improved and sustainable road transport by enhancing the durability, efficiency and economic impact of the national road network. The proposed project will only focus on rehabilitation, improvement and maintenance of national roads selected through a strategic study, in order to facilitate economic activity in the areas served and provides users with better road safety conditions. Projects and. Programs financed with IDA resources need to comply with World Bank Operational Policies. Therefore, sub-projects and components eligible for funding under a given project or program will be required to satisfy the World Bank's safeguard policies, in addition to conformity with environmental legislation of the GOSL. The activities to be financed by the project do not have the potential to trigger significant negative environmental impacts. It is anticipated that environmental issues and impacts would be minimal for rehabilitation and maintenance projects of this nature. The "Road Sector Assistance Project - Second Additional Financing" of GOSL financed by IDA have the following components as described below: (i) Rehabilitation and improvement of selected national roads: This will include bringing existing deteriorated roads to previous/original conditions and improving road specifications. It will likely to involve improving drainage/slopes/embankments/other structures, strengthening pavements, complete resurfacing and recuperating civil works. Where rehabilitation will only take place, works will be on the existing platform or right of way and no additional land acquisition needed. If improvements are planned, while most of the work will be done in existing platform or right of way, if activities such as widening lanes and shoulders, adding extra lanes in steep inclines, improving curves and strengthening and widening bridges may require land acquisition. However, the new road segments (A002, 11 AB011 and A003) that will be included as part of restructuring do not reuire land acquisition. (ii) Financial support for maintenance: This component will include both routine and periodic works to maintain the road in working conditions. All of the work will be done on existing platform. It may include routine works, patching potholes, clearing drains, etc. and periodic works such as resurfacing, line marking and bridge maintenance. (iii) Improving road safety (iv) Capacity building The project will be implemented by the Road Development Authority (RDA) of Sri Lanka. 1.2. Objectives of the Project Specific Objectives of the project could be listed as follows: - Rehabilitating and improving of selected sections of Galle Road from Maliban Junction (13+350km) to Kurusa Junction (A 002 Road km), Kurusa Junction to Panadura Bridge Junction (AB 011 Road 00+6+00km) & Panadura Bridge Junction to Nalluruwa Junction (A 002 Road) (30+000) through a strategic study in order to facilitate economic activity in the areas served and provides users with better road safety conditions and proper facilities. - Improve the horizontal alignment at selected locations to reduce acute curves in order to provide safe driving conditions. - Lifting road sections, in order to avoid water stagnation along the road stretches / at places, during rainy periods. - Only if needed, widening, repairing and reconstructing damaged culverts, box culverts, built up side drains and built up leaderways and construct new culverts, built up side drains, built up leaderways and silttraps at pre- 12 identified necessary locations in order to drain rain water in proper way without stagnating. - Remove any irregularities that are on the existing vertical profile, - Improve the vehicle operating speeds while ensuring safety of road users 1.3 Objectives of Environmental Assessment Study The purpose of this report is to assess the expected environmental impacts during the proposed rehabilitation work of the selected sections of Galle Road from Maliban Junction (13+350km) to Kurusa Junction (A 002 Road), Kurusa Junction to Panadura Bridge Junction (AB 011 Road) & Panadura Bridge Junction(00+6+00km) to Nalluruwa Junction (A 002 Road) (30+000). The entire road section is 16,650km long and falls within Colombo and Kalutara Districts. The entire road lies in Colombo and Kalutara 1:50,000 topographic sheets. The main objective of Environmental Assessment (EA) study is to ensure that the proposed development project is environmentally sound and sustainable, while the environmental consequences are recognized and appropriate actions are taken into account in the project designing phase. The EA process is conducted to assist the relevant public officials to make decisions that are based on the understanding of environmental consequences and take action to restore and enhance the environment. Based on the Environmental Assessment & Management Framework (EAMF) for National Roads Rehabilitation, Improvement & Maintenance Projects in Sri Lanka, all roads that will be rehabilitated, improved and/or maintained will need to prepare road specific Environmental Assessments (EAs) and Environmental Management Plans (EMPs), to ensure compliance with the World Bank's environmental safeguard policies and the relevant provisions under the National Environmental Act (NEA) and associated regulations. It is expected that EAs and EMPs will be prepared in close collaboration with the team designing roads specifications and thereby engineering requirements 13 needed to mitigate environmental issues should be incorporated into the designs. The road-specific EA and EMP should be ready prior to finalization of the bidding documents. Sufficient conditions should be specified in the bidding documents, as well as the contractual agreements clearly defining requirements of compliance to adhere to the EA, implement the EMP and any subsequent changes and penalties for non-compliance. The EMP will be cost estimated in order to allow the contractor to bid for the funds required to implement the EMP. It is recommended, the experience gained from Road Sector Assistance Project should be taken into consideration when preparing the above. Road specific EA’s and EMP’s will be prepared in close collaboration with the team designing roads specifications and thereby engineering requirements are incorporated into the designs, in order to mitigate expected environmental issues. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will be set out in order to implement mitigatory measures for all expected environmental impacts during construction and operational phases. To monitor the implementation of relevant mitigatory measures for expected environmental impacts, a committee will be appointed, representing relevant government institutions as mentioned in the EMP. In this Environmental Assessment (EA) study, environmental characteristics of the study area within 500m either side of the centre line of the roads will be assembled and evaluated. In addition, if potential quarry site/s, burrow pit/s, sand mining site/s and debris disposal sire/s are encountered in close proximity to the respective roadways, environmental characteristics of such sites will also be gathered during field investigations. These include, gathering and provide information on, (i). Information about the following existing environmental settings of the project influential area; - Physical Environment (including topography, soil, geology, climate, air quality, surface and ground water hydrology and quality), - Biological Environment (fauna and flora and presence of endemic, endangered species), 14 - Social Environment (socio economic profile of the communities living in the project influence area, infrastructure facilities and land use etc.), (ii). Identify beneficial and potential adverse impacts on the existing environment during preconstruction, construction and operational phases of the project; (iii). Propose effective mitigation measures to avoid / minimize the project induced adverse impacts while enhancing the beneficial impacts, and; (iv). Formulate an effective Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Monitoring Plan to be incorporated in the Bid documents, so as to sensitize and guide respective divisions of RDA in environmental and social safeguards compliance during pre construction and operational stages of the project. Also sensitize and guide respective contractors in environmental and social safeguards compliance during construction stage. It is important to put additional emphasis in collecting environmental baseline data as soon as the roads have been identified such as river/stream flows, ambient air quality and water quality in random locations along the road, as well as strategic locations where increased levels of disturbances are expected (e.g. strengthening/widening bridges, town development, etc.). While it is recognized that collection of some of the environmental baseline data related to various sites such as crusher and asphalt plant sites and labour camps may not be possible prior to bidding process, provisions should be made to ensure the contractor with the close supervision of the supervisory consultant measures, records and reports on the baseline data once such sites have been identified and prior to commencing operations. Land acquisition is not required in this road rehabilitation project as road widening will not be carried out in this project. 1.4 Extent and Scope of the Study Scope of the study extends into the assessment of existing physical, biological, socio-economic, archaeological and cultural aspects and expected changes to 15 such aspects in the study area during the construction and after implementation of the project. The study area would be the road stretch and 500m either side of the centre line of the road. The EA study was carried out based on the results of the available information together with required additional information gathered according to the TOR during field investigations. However, some of the items of the EA study may not fulfill the required technical information for the implementation of the project. These details will be discussed in detail during the final design phase. An individual environmental consultant undertook the overall preparation of the EA report. After having discussions with the officials of the project office, the scope of work to be carried out and the reporting formats were finalized. A work plan was then prepared, methodology defined and the work schedule was determined. To get relevant information on Biological Environment (Flora and Fauna), services of a Consultant Ecologist was obtained while required information on Sociological Environment was gathered by employing a Consultant Sociologist. The next stage was the evaluation of impacts identified during the scoping exercise and recommending mitigatory actions for identified impacts. An Environmental Management Plan was then developed in order to incorporate all monitoring activities recommended by the consultants. Finally, the inputs of all the consultants were brought together into the specified format of the EA Report. This report was written according to the Terms of Reference forwarded to the Project Proponent by the World Bank. During the field reconnaissance, a corridor extending up to 500m to both sides of the road from the existing center line was examined for possible environmental and social impacts. The land use pattern of impact influential area on both sides of the existing center line of the existing road was studied during field study. Available 1:50,000 Topographic Map sheets (Colombo and Kalutara) published by the Survey Department, 1:100,000 Colombo – Ratnapura Geological Map (Sheet No. 18) published by the GSMB, Soil Map published by the Land Use 16 Division of Irrigation Department, Ground Water Aquifer Map published by the Water Resources Board and Rainfall data obtained from Meteorological Department were used for this study. 1.5 Environmental Assessment Requirements National laws and regulations: The National Environmental Act (NEA) has made Environmental Assessments (EA) a legal requirement for a range of development projects. A list of projects requiring an EA is prescribed in Gazette (Extra Ordinary) No. 772/22 dated June 24, 1993. Road rehabilitation, improvement and maintenance are not listed as prescribed projects requiring EAs under the above gazette notification. Agreement has been reached with the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) and the World Bank that projects financed through World Bank resources will be required to undertake an environmental analysis commensurate with the potential for environmental impacts of roads selected for rehabilitation, improvement and maintenance and prepare detailed EMPs that will be included for implementation as part of the Contractors contracts. The GOSL environmental clearance process, in principle, is consistent with World Bank environmental and public disclosure requirements. The exception being the screening criteria adopted in the GOSL process under the NEA, where project thresholds are used to determine the type of clearance required and the content of public consultation. However, all activities under the proposed project will be subjected to the EA process regardless of the project threshold, prior to disbursement of funds. The implementing agency will share the final versions of EAs and EMPs with the CEA for information. However, under the EIA activities including setting up and operating crusher plants, asphalt plants and quarry sites require obtaining an Environmental Protection Licenses (EPLs) and be valid at all times during operations. In addition to the National Environmental Act, which is the most important legislation governing the process of EA, there are three other legislations under which EA can be required. (I) Coast Conservation Act (CCA) No.57 of 1981 implemented by the Coast Conservation Department (CCD) and applicable to the coastal zone as defined in the Act; (2) Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance (FFPO) No.2 of 1937 (amended in 1993) implemented by the Department of Wildlife Conservation. This act specifies that any development activity that takes 17 place within one mile of the boundary of a National Reserve declared under the Ordinance require an EIA/IEE; (3) The Forest Ordinance of Sri Lanka No. 17 of 1907 amended by several Acts up to 1995 - Act 34 of 1951, No. 49 of 1954; No. 13 of 1966; No. 56 of 1979; No. 13 of 1982; No. 84 of 1988; and new act as No. 23 of 1995 is the law for conservation, protection and management of forest and forest resources. World Bank Policies: Projects financed with IDA resources normally need to comply with World Bank Operational Policies. For the current project two operational policies have been triggered which includes OP/BP/GP 4.01 - Environmental Assessment and OP/BP/GP 4.04 - Natural Habitats. World Bank OP 4.0I requires Environmental Assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that these projects are environmentally sound and sustainable. EA is a process whose breadth, depth and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale and potential for environmental impacts of the proposed project. Considering the work involved and resultant environmental repercussions in road resurfacing and upgrading and/or provision of drainage in non-sensitive environments, this project can be treated as Category B. World Bank OP 4.01 is very clear that for a project in Category B proposed for financing under an IDA Credit, the developer must consult project affected groups and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) about the projects environmental aspects and take their views into account in the design and implementation. The EA should particularly incorporate such comments to improve social acceptability and environmental sustainability. Such consultations should be initiated as early as possible, in the Project cycle and it is mandatory that consultations are undertaken after the draft EA is prepared. In addition, the RDA and contractor are expected to consult with stakeholders throughout project implementation as necessary to address EMP related issues that affect them. The OP 4.01 also highlights the importance of analyzing alternative designs, technologies and operational strategies systematically in terms of their' potential environmental impacts in order to select the most environmentally friendly and economically viable option. The World Bank's Operational Policy 4.04 recognizes that conservation of natural habitats and other measures that protect and enhance the environment is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank therefore supports 18 the protection, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats and their functions. The Bank supports, and expects borrowers to apply, a precautionary approach to natural resource management to ensure opportunities for environmentally sustainable development. The Bank does not support projects that, involve significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats unless there are no feasible alternatives for the project and its siting, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs. Bank financed operations will ensure that no activities will take place in designated protected areas as per Flora and Fauna Protection Ordinance of Sri Lanka and designated Forest Reserves under the Forest ordinance of Sri Lanka. The design of road specifications and works and subsequent operations of the project must be in compliance with environmental safeguards as specified in the EA and EMP. The EAs and EMPs will be made available for public review and comment in appropriate locations in Sri Lanka and in IDA's Public Information Center in accordance with BP 17.50 requirements of disclosure. Detailed EAs for individual sub-projects will need to be carried out by the implementing agencies and will be reviewed and cleared by the designated Project Approving Agency (PAA), as applicable, under prevailing national environmental legislation in Sri Lanka and by IDA prior to the approval of disbursement of funds. 1.6 Applicable Laws, Regulations, Standards and Requirements Covering the Proposed project The National Environmental Act (NEA) has made Environmental Assessments (EAs) a legal requirement for a range of development projects. A list of projects requiring an EA is prescribed in Gazette (Extra Ordinary) No. 772/22 dated 24 – 06 – 1993. Road rehabilitation, improvement and maintenance are not listed as prescribed projects requiring EAs under the above gazette notification. Agreement has been reached with the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) and the World Bank that projects financed through World Bank resources will be required to undertake an environmental analysis commensurate with the potential for environmental impacts of roads selected for rehabilitation, improvement and maintenance and prepare detailed EMPs that will be included for implementation as part of the contractors contracts. 19 The GOSL environmental clearance process, in principle, is consistent with World Bank environmental and public disclosure requirements. The exception being the screening criteria adopted in the GOSL process under the NEA, where project thresholds are used to determine the type of clearance required and the content of public consultation. However, all activities under the proposed project will be subjected to the EA process regardless of the project threshold, prior to disbursement of funds. The implementing agency will share the final versions of EAs and EMPs with the CEA for information. However, under the EIA activities including setting up and operating crusher plants, asphalt plants and quarry sites require obtaining an Environmental Protection License (EPL) and be valid at all times during operations. When applying mitigatory measures for expected environmental impacts during rehabilitation, improvement and maintenance of selected provincial roads, following regulations will have to be adhered, in addition to National Environmental Act (NEA). 1. Disposal of solid waste and spoil – Municipal Council / Ordinance and by laws of Local Authority. The purpose is to manage the disposal of solid waste in environmentally acceptable manner. Responsibility – Dehiwala Galkissa Municipal Council (Municipal Councils Ordinance No 29 of 1947 – amended in 1987 Chapter 252). 2. Disposal of solid waste and spoil – Urban Council / Ordinance and by laws of Local Authority. The purpose is to manage the disposal of solid waste in environmentally acceptable manner. Responsibility – Moratuwa and Pandura Urban Councils (Urban Council Act No. 61 of 1939 Chapter 255). 3. Disposal of solid waste and spoil – Pradeshiya Sabha / Ordinance and by laws of Local Authority. The purpose is to manage the disposal of solid waste in environmentally acceptable manner. Responsibility – Pandura Pradeshiya Sabha (Pradeshiya Saba Act No 15 of 1987). 4. Road rehabilitation work within the Coastal Zone – Part of the road trace belongs to Coastal Zone. Hence, Coast Conservation Act No. 57 of 1981 implemented by the Coast Conservation Department (CCD) and 20 applicable to the Coastal Zone as defined in the Act is required to follow when conducting road rehabilitation work in the road trace belongs to coastal zone. 5. Road rehabilitation work within the Land Administered by Sri Lanka Railways – Some development activities will have to be performed within the land administered by the Sri Lanka Railways. Hence, Sri Lanka Railways Ordinance No. 9 of 1902 (final amendment Act No. 49 of 1983) implemented by the Sri Lanka Railways (SLR) and applicable to the Land administered by Sri Lanka Railways as defined in the Act is required to follow when conducting road rehabilitation work within the land administrated by Sri Lanka Railways. 5. Sand Mining – Mines and Minerals Act No 33 of 1992 - Project may not set up its own sand mining activities. All sand mining places must have valid mining licenses obtained from the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB). 6. Rock Quarrying - Mines and Minerals Act No 33 of 1992 - Project may not set up its own rock quarrying activities. All rock quarrying places must have valid mining licenses obtained from the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB) and Environmental Protection License (EPL) from Central Environmental Authority (CEA). 7. Burrow Materials - Mines and Minerals Act No 33 of 1992 - Project may not set up its own burrow pit. All burrow pit mining places must have valid mining licenses obtained from the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB) and Environmental Protection License (EPL) from Central Environmental Authority (CEA). 8. Restrictions to vehicle traffic during construction – Motor Traffic Act – Disruption to vehicular traffic during construction – Responsibility – Ratmalana, Moratuwa, Keselwatta and Panadura Police. 21 9. Air Pollution due to construction activities and operation of asphalt plants – Environmental Protection Regulations under National Environmental Act – Responsibility – CEA. 10. National Antiquities Ordinance – Protection of archeologically important monuments (if any) – Responsibility – Department of Archaeology (Antiquities Act No. 2 of 1955). 11. Felling of Trees – Felling of trees should be conducted under the authority of Ratmalana, Moratuwa and Panadura Divisional Secretary’s (Felling of Trees Control Act No. 9 of 1951 as amended through Act No. 30 of 1953). 12. Water Resources Act – Prevention of pollution of rivers, streams and other water sources. 13. State Land Ordinance Act – Provides guidelines to the protection of source, course or bed of any public stream, springs, reservoirs, lakes, ponds, lagoons, creeks, canals, aquaducts, etc, and prevention of erosion of soil and preservation of water supplies. 14. Soil Conservation Act – Makes provision for the conservation of soil resources for prevention or mitigation of soil erosion and for protection of land against damage by floods and droughts. It is possible to declare any area defined in the order to be an erodible area for the purpose of this act. 15. Prevention of Mosquito Breeding Act – Prevention of breeding of mosquitoes. 16. Provincial Council Act No. 42 of 1987. This Act was amended in 1990 (No. 27). By this act, power is vested on PC to govern provincial roads in addition to large number of different fields. 22 17. Labour legislation in Sri Lanka is consisted of 25 ordinances and all of them are administered by the Commissioner of the Department of Labour. However, the following are considered as the most important: - Wages Board Ordinance No. 21 of 1941 - Workmen’s Compensation Ordinance No. 19 of 1934 - Trade Union Ordinance No. 14 of 1935 - Shops Ordinance No. 19 of 1954 - Service Contract Ordinance No. 11 of 1865 - Payment of Gratuities Act No. 12 of 1983 - Employment of Women, Young Persons, and Children Act No. 47 of 1956 - National Child Protection Authority Act No. 50 of 1998 - Employees’ Trust Fund Act No. 46 of 1980 - Employees’ Provident Fund Act No. 15 of 1958 1.7 World Bank Policy on Environmental & Social Safeguards In addition to national laws and regulations, an EA study should comply with World Bank Operational Policy (World Bank OP 4.01) which is the policy of the International Donor Agency (IDA) of this project. World Bank OP 4.01 requires Environmental Assessment (EA) of projects proposed for World Bank financing to help ensure that these projects are environmentally sound and sustainable. Considering the work involved and resultant environmental repercussions in road resurfacing and upgrading and/or provision of drainage in non-sensitive environments, this project can be treated as Category B. World Bank OP 4.01 specifies that for a project in Category B proposed for financing under an IDA credit, the developer must consult project affected groups and local non governmental organizations (NGOs) about the projects environment aspects and take their views into account in the design and implementation. The EA should particularly incorporate such comments to improve social acceptability and environmental sustainability. Such consultations should be initiated as early as possible, in the project cycle. In addition the Road Development Authority (RDA) and contractor are expected to consult with stakeholders throughout project implementation as necessary to address EMAP 23 related issues that affect them. The OP 4.01 also highlights the importance of analyzing alternative designs, technologies and operational strategies systematically in terms of their potential environmental impacts in order to select the most environmentally friendly and economically viable option. The design of road specifications and works and subsequent operations of the project must be in compliance with environmental safeguard as specified in the EA and EMP. The EAs and EMPs will be available for public review and comment in appropriate locations in Sri Lanka and in IDA’s Public Information Center in accordance with BP 17.50 requirements of disclosure. Detailed EAs for individual sub-projects will need to be carried out by the implementing agencies and will be reviewed and cleared by the designated Project Approving Agency (PAA), as applicable under prevailing national environmental legislation in Sri Lanka and by IDA prior to the approval of disbursement. 24 CHAPTER – 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT 2.1 Location of the Project The proposed project is a road rehabilitation and improvement project which involves development of selected sections of two National roads in Western Province. The selected section of Galle Road from Maliban Junction (13+350) to Kurusa Junction (A 002 Road), Kurusa Junction to Panadura Bridge Junction (AB 011 Road) & Panadura Bridge Junction to Nalluruwa Junction (A 002 Road) (30+000) is one such road section selected for development, The proposed road section is originated at Maliban Junction (Plate – I) via Kurusa Junction (Plate – II), Panadura Bridge Junction (Plate – III) and ended at Nalluruwa Junction (Plate – IV). Both ends of the road are connected to Colombo – Galle main road. The Maliban Junction is only 13.350km from Colombo while the Nalluruwa Junction is situated at 30km post of Colombo – Galle main road. Total length of all three sections of the road is 16.650km long and falls within Colombo and Kalutara Districts. The entire road lies in Colombo and Kalutara 1:50,000 topographic sheets. Plate – I Plate – II Plate – I: Starting point of the proposed road section (Maliban Junction) Plate – II: End point of the road section – 1 and starting point of road section – 2 (Kurusa Junction) 25 Plate – III Plate – IV Plate – III: End point of the road section – 2 and starting point of road section – 3 (Panadura Bridge Junction) Plate – IV: End point of the proposed road section (road section – 3 (Nalluruwa Junction) Figure 1 exhibits the location map of the entire road section selected for rehabilitation and improvement in Galle Road from Maliban Junction (13+350) to Kurusa Junction (A 002 Road), Kurusa Junction to Panadura Bridge Junction (AB 011 Road) & Panadura Bridge Junction to Nalluruwa Junction (A 002 Road) (30+000) 26 27 2.2 Need of the Project Colombo - Waskaduwa stretch of the Colombo – Galle main road could be considered as one of the busiest road stretch in the country. This is due to high population density, heavy traffic jam and significant development upto the boundary zone of the roadside. As a result, the road is extensively occupied by road users with large number of vehicles plying along the road throughout the day. In addition, it is not an easy task to widen the road in this stretch, due to occupation upto the roadside. Due to poor maintenance, the road surface has deteriorated to some extent. In addition, roadside drain system of this road stretch at most places is not functioning well due to blocky nature with debris materials. In addition, currently the road does not have good side drainage system, including leaderways to drain rain water properly. The existing culverts, side drains and leaderways are partly filled with debris materials and are partly damaged (Plates – V, VI & VII). In some sections of the side drains, water is logged due to blocky nature (Plate – VIII). These sections could be considered as significant locations for mosquito breeding. As a result, during high rainy season, mainly in SW monsoonal rainy season, some sections of the road and its side roads (Plate – IX & X) and part of the houses along the road trace are get flooded. Some house holders mentioned that the flood situation occurs in every year and it is a very difficult situation for them. They insisted to develop good drainage system in either side of the road and erect built-up leaderways to cope up with high water flow during rainy season, concurrently with road development. Furthermore, size of most of the culverts throughout the road stretch is not enough to drain rain water properly. 28 Plate – V Plate – VI Plate – V: Partly damaged culvert blocked with debris materials Plate – VI: Blocked leaderway with debris materials Plate – VII Plate – VIII Plate – VII: Blocked roadside drain with debris materials Plate – VIII: Water stagnated roadside drain 29 Plate – IX Plate – X Plate – IX: Water stagnation within the roadway Plate – X: Flooding of roadway and side roads As a result of these factors, it does not provide sufficient road accessibility for its users. Therefore, it is necessary to rehabilitate and improve this road, including its side drains, culverts and leaderway system, without delay in order to provide sufficient road accessibility for the road users. 2.3 Alternative Analysis Without Project Scenario Similar to many of the other Natrional roads network, the condition of the proposed section of Colombo – Galle main road is rapidly deteriorating due to lack of proper maintenance / rehabilitation during past several years. In addition, currently the road does not have good side drainage system, including leaderways to drain rain water properly. The existing culverts, side drains and leaderways are partly filled with debris materials and are partly damaged. In some sections of the side drains, water is logged due to blocky nature. These sections could be considered as significant locations for mosquito breeding. As a result, during high rainy season, mainly in SW monsoonal rainy season, some sections of the road and its side roads and part of the houses along the road trace are get flooded. 30 Some house holders mentioned that the flood situation occurs in every year and it is a very difficult situation for them. They insisted to develop good drainage system in either side of the road and erect built-up leaderways to cope up with high water flow during rainy season, concurrently with road development. Furthermore, size of most of the culverts throughout the road stretch is not enough to drain rain water properly. As a result of these factors, it does not provide sufficient road accessibility for its users. Therefore, it is necessary to rehabilitate and improve this road, including its side drains, culverts and leaderway system, without delay in order to provide sufficient road accessibility for the road users. With Project Scenario Under the proposed project, it is expected to rehabilitate and improve the selected sections of Galle Road from Maliban Junction (13+350) to Kurusa Junction (A 002 Road), Kurusa Junction to Panadura Bridge Junction (AB 011 Road) & Panadura Bridge Junction to Nalluruwa Junction (A 002 Road) (30+000), including development of its side drains, culverts and leaderway system and other road furniture at required locations, in order to provide sufficient road accessibility for the road users. The asphalt re-surfacing, will also be conducted to bear with lorries transporting heavy loads. Finally, the project will facilitate a smooth traffic flow, reduced travel time, reduced operational and maintenance cost of vehicles resulting in increased transport efficiency. In addition, due to development of side drainage systems with its leaderways, flood situation during high rainy season could also be controlled greatly. 2.4 Project Activities 2.4.1 Road Route Under this project it is expected to rehabilitate and upgrade the selected sections of Galle Road from Maliban Junction (13+350) to Kurusa Junction (A 002 Road), Kurusa Junction to Panadura Bridge Junction (AB 011 Road) & Panadura Bridge 31 Junction to Nalluruwa Junction (A 002 Road) (30+000), having a total length of 16.650 km. 2.4.2. Type, ROW and Adjustments to Alignments Under the rehabilitation work, the proposed road sections will be re-surfaced with asphalt. However, road will not be widen. In addition, side drains and culverts will be re-built within the same stretch, after demolishing the existing drains and culverts. Existing leaderways will be cleaned, repaired / improved, except along the AB011 section depending on the condition of existing leaderways. No new leaderways will be introduced to the road sections. Since no road widening will be conducted during the road rehabilitation process, land acquisition will not be required. Hence, when carrying out field investigations for preparation of road specific Environmental Management Plan (EMP), only present width of road, pavements and side drains were studied in detail. The improved / rehabilitated road will have four to six traffic lanes, both sides side drains and both side pavements. The improved roadway will be re-surfaced with Asphalt Concrete (AC) which is comparatively a long lasting treatment. Please see below for typical cross sections of the road design, which also shows the construction corridor 32 Cross sections of culverts 33 General cross section of the road 34 2.4.3. Repair of Bridges Two bridges are observed within the proposed road trace. One is over Bolgoda Ganga near Panadura and the other bridge is a recently constructed minor bridge over a minor stream near Panadura Hospital. Since both these bridges are in good condition, repairs for bridges and cross drainage are not required. 2.4.4. Improvements to Drainage and Service Ducts Under this project, existing side drains will be demolished and concrete covered / uncovered built-up drains will be erected along both RHS and LHS of the roadway to enable for proper draining of rain water. In addition, concrete covered / uncovered built-up leaderways will be repaired / re-erected depending on the condition of existing leaderways. Furthermore, silttraps will also be erected at the relevant proposed locations. In addition, existing hume pipe and box culverts will be demolished and new box culverts will be erected with widening where necessary and based on the detailed designs to enable to drain rain water properly without stagnation. Refer Annex – I of EMP for list and chainage of Existing Culverts (Hume Pipe & Box) to be Demolished & Rebuilt with More Space & Width, Built-up Leaderways to be repaired/ re-erected, Silttraps to be erected. 2.4.5. Widening and Stabilization of Embankments Embankment filling using suitable soil materials is needed for filling of roadside downward slope embankments between 6+725 – 6+755 of AB011 stretch in both sides of the road section – 2. Downward slope embankment of this section is about 1.5m deeper than the elevation of road surface. Then, grass will be turfed on the filled embankment slope to avoid soil erosion and slope collapsing and to further stabilize the slope. In addition toe walls will be erected to strengthen the side slopes of this section. 35 2.4.6. Sources of Material Used Quarrying Materials Number of existing IML – A, IML – B and IML - C category rock quarry sites located in Colombo and Kalutara Districts. These quarry sites are located in several kilometers away from the proposed road section. Details of these quarry sites are mentioned in Annex – V of the EMP. Quarrying materials required for road rehabilitation work could be purchased from these privately owned quarry sites, subject to suitability for road construction work. To check the suitability of rock materials encountered in the above quarry sites for road construction activities, it is recommended to carry out following laboratory tests. - Los Angeles Abrasion Value (LAAV) Test - Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) Test - Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) Test - 10% Fines Value Test Otherwise it is possible to identify a new quarry site and obtain a mining license from the GSMB and EPL from the CEA to commence rock quarrying activities by the contractor. Procedure to obtain Mining License for quarry operation is mentioned in Annex – IX of EMP. Burrow Materials (Gravel) Number of existing IML – A and B category burrow (gravel) pits are located in Colombo and Kalutara Districts. These burrow pits sites are located in several kilometers away from the proposed road section. Details of these burrow pits are mentioned in Annex - IV. Burrow (gravel) materials required for road rehabilitation work could be purchased from these privately owned burrow sites, subject to suitability for road construction work. It is necessary to check the suitability of these burrow (gravel) materials for road development work, prior to purchase them. 36 Otherwise it is possible to identify a new burrow site and obtain a mining license from the GSMB and EPL from the CEA to commence mining activities by the contractor. Procedure to obtain Mining License for operation of burrow pits is mentioned in Annex – VIII of EMP. Construction Sand Number of existing artisinal sand mining sites are located in Colombo and Kalutara Districts. Of these, details of sand mining sites located in close proximity to the project site are mentioned in Annex - VI. Construction sand required for road rehabilitation work could be purchased from these privately owned sand mining locations. Otherwise it is possible to identify a new sand mining site and obtain a mining license from the GSMB and EPL from the CEA to commence sand mining activities by the contractor. Other than the above materials, cement, bitumen and emulsion are needed for the proposed road rehabilitation work. 2.4.7. Generation of Wastes and their Disposal During the construction work, considerable amount of soil and other debris materials will be collected. With the consent of engineer, contractor can use disposable debris materials to fill lands in an environmentally friendly manner for legally acceptable purposes. Debris material shall be disposed in such a manner that waterways, drainage paths would not get blocked. Proposed debris materials disposable sites are mentioned in Annex – III. 2.4.8. Storing of Reusable Soil Materials Stripped top soil during edge widening for a specified depth of 150 mm should be stored in stockpile for a height not exceeding 2m, under the direction of the engineer. If the contractor is in doubt whether to conserve top soil in a given area, engineer should be consulted for advice. Stockpiles should be placed outside flood affected areas. 37 Such stockpiled topsoil should be used to re-fill the areas where topsoil has been removed. Residual topsoil must be distributed on adjoining / proximate barren areas as identified by the engineer in a layer of thickness of 75 mm – 150 mm. Stockpiles should be placed outside flood affected areas/ Stockpiled topsoil for reuse shall not be surcharged or overburdened. As far as possible, multiple handling of top soil should be kept to a minimum. Advice & instructions should be given to operators, supervisors and other workers about the importance of top soil and thereby to minimize removal of it. Stockpiled materials (top soil and others) should be stored separately. 2.4.9. Resettlement and Necessary Rehabilitation Activities During the road rehabilitation process, no road widening will be conducted. Hence, none of the houses will be destroyed. Furthermore, no private properties such as boundary walls, fences, etc, will be affected. Hence, either resettlement or rehabilitation work is not required under this project. 2.4.10. Temporary De-routing of Traffic and Traffic Impacts Disruption to road users may be encountered during construction. This is expected due to closure of some road sections for traffic during construction activities. To connect to this road section, number of side roads exists at some sections while at some other sections no proper side roads exist. Hence, when construction work is in progress within the sections with no proper side roads, half a way traffic is proposed. That is when road construction is progress in one side, the other side will be opened for traffic & properly trained flagmen will be made available with proper sign boards for control vehicles. At the end of each day, debris that blocked access path will be cleared away under the supervision of a supervisor. Temporary traffic detours shall be kept free of dust by frequent application of water. Personnel used for traffic control by the contractor shall be properly trained & provided with proper gear including communication equipment, luminous jackets for night use. Instructions & advice to be given to workers to implement safety at site. 38 2.4.11. Land Acquisition The road improvements (including side drains and pavements) will be carried out solely within the available ROW. Hence, land acquisition will not be required in this project. 2.4.12. Safety Features Use of road signs, barricades, cones & trained flagmen. All sign barricades, pavement markings used for traffic management shall be cleared to the standards approved by Police. Provision for traffic safety measures shall be considered incidental to work & follow ICTAD guidelines & any instructions given by the Police. The contractor shall ensure that the running surface is always properly maintained, particularly during monsoon rainy period. So that disruption to traffic will not be occurred. 2.4.13. Staffing and Accommodation of Employees Under this project it is not expected to build temporary buildings for workers camps and staff accommodation. Instead, houses / buildings around the project area will be rented / leased out for this purpose. 2.4.14. Schedule of Project Activities Schedule of project activities involved in the project are as follows. These activities are discussed in detail in the respective road specific environmental management plan. These activities cause the expected environmental impacts during the project implementation process. (A). Road Development - Site clearance and land development, including removal of trees and cutting of branches of trees. - Earthworks, excavation of roadway, including rehabilitation and construction of road related structures. - Impacts on Flora and Fauna - Protection of water sources & quality due to road & related works - Traffic management - Operation of heavy vehicles & equipment 39 - Protection of Cultural & Religious Places & Properties (B). Establishment of Camp Sites / Site Office (C) Burrow Pit Development (directly or from suppliers) (D). Quarry Operations (directly or from suppliers) (E). Construction sand (from suppliers) (F). Setting up of Crusher and Asphalt Mixing Plants (G). Repairing and Servicing of heavy vehicles & equipment (H). Access roads to / from establishments to the site areas 2.4.15. Operation and Maintenance Activities - Stagnation of water at culverts during heavy rains due to siltation and blocking of openings with debris will be avoided by regular clearing/ cleaning and maintenance of all culverts to reduce the chances of failures and blocking due to debris. Maintenance manual of RDA should be followed to maintain the road drainage system - Following remedial measures will be adhered to overcome impacts due to road safety. (1). All road furniture will be maintained by RDA (2). A management plan will be formulated with the local police to avoid any vehicle to carry loads that exceed the carrying capacity (load) of the rehabilitated road. (3). Weigh stations could be introduced at selected locations to measure the load of vehicle. - To overcome expected impacts due to encroachment of new ROW, continuous monitoring and strict regulations will be followed. Executive Engineers under direct supervision of Chief Engineer and Provincial Director will conduct regular checking along the road and remove any unauthorized activities within the ROW. 40 2.5. Other Project Activities - Based on the field survey 3 number of trees will have to be removed and branches of 392 trees will have to be cut (Annex – II of EMP) Plate – XI: Extended branches of a tree towards roadside affects the movement of heavy vehicles due to their low heights 2.6. Work Force (Requirement and Availability during Construction) The construction activities would involve a labour force of about 75 skilled and unskilled workers. Unskilled workers are the largest component of the work force. Therefore there will be a significant opportunity for local employment. Presently, considerable number of people in the area is unemployed. A systematic employment programme will be organized with the assistance of Ratmalana, Moratuwa and Panadura Divisional Secretariat Divisions and Village Development Societies to offer employment opportunities in a proper manner. To run the site office during construction work, 1 - Project Manager, 6 – Civil Engineers, 12 - Technical Officers, 15 – Supervisors, 2 - Accounts Assistant, 10 - Office and Stores Staff will also be employed. 2.7. Proposed Schedule of Implementation Following two road sections are in this package. 41 1. Selected sections of Galle Road from Maliban Junction (13+350) to Kurusa Junction (A 002 Road), Kurusa Junction to Panadura Bridge Junction (AB 011 Road) & Panadura Bridge Junction to Nalluruwa Junction (A 002 Road) (30+000) 2. Selected Section of Negombo Road (A 003 Road) from Peliyagoda (0+700) to Dandugam Oya (20+000). Since both these proposed road sections are in single package, rehabilitation work of both roads will be awarded in one tender. Once the environmental clearance procedure of both road sections are completed, detailed designs and bid documents of both roads in this Package will be completed. Then the tender will be awarded to the successful contractor to commence construction work. It is expected to award the contract in late-2012. The project is scheduled to be implemented under WB funded National Roads Improvement Facility of Road Sector Assistance Project (RSAP). 42 CHAPTER – 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT In this section, existing environment (Physical, Biological and Sociological Environment) is discussed in detail. 3.1 Physical Environment Topography and Drainage Topographically, the area covered by proposed road belongs to the lowest peneplain of Sri Lanka. The relief of the road area varies from 5 – 7m a.m.s.l. (Fig. 1). Presence of flat topography with sandy coastal plain and minor lagoonal environment is a characteristic feature encountered around the project area. Bolgoda Ganga (Plate – XII) crosses the road near Panadura. Bolgoda Lake, Lunawa Lagoon and Pinwatta Ela are observed in nearly 0.75 – 1.25km, 0.6 – 0.8 km and 0.6– 0.7 km east and south of the road section respectively (Fig. 1) while the sea (Plate – XIII) is located in about 30 – 50m west of the road section. Plate – XII Plate - XIII Plate – XII: Bolgoda Ganga crosses the road section near Panadura Plate –XIII: Presence of Sea in about 30m away from the road section Number of minor streams, which are draining from east to west direction, are finally connected to Bolgoda Lake, located east of the road section. The Bolgoda Lake connect Bolgoda Ganga, before entering the sea at Panadura (Fig. 1). 43 Geology Geologically, the area covered by the proposed road section belongs to the Wanni Complex of Sri Lanka. The Wanni Complex is mainly characterized by thick sequences of ortho gneisses comprises of amphibolite grade, migmatitic, granitic and granodioritic gneisses. The rocks encountered around the project area on regional scale are charnockitic gneiss, charnockitic biotite gneiss, garnet sillimanite biotite gneiss and undifferentiated Proterozoc gneiss (Fig. 2). These rocks are occurred as NW-SE trending bands along the road trace (Fig. 2). NNW-SSE trending several tenths of kilometres long shear zone could be identified in about 3 – 4km east of the road trace (Fig. 2). These metamorphic rocks are underlain by several meters thick Quaternary and Pleistocene deposits, namely alluvium cover (flood plain of Bolgoda Lake & Bolgoda Ganga), sand dunes, beach sand (Plate - XIV and lagoonal and estuarine deposits (Plate – XV and Fig. 2). It is expected that these Quaternary and Pleistocene deposits extends for 20 – 30m depth from the ground surface. Plate – XIV: Presence of beach sand formation within the coastal zone 44 45 Plate – XV: Presence of lagoonal deposits covering the Bolgoda Ganga & Lake Soil Types Within the area covered by road trace, main soil type is “Latosols and Regosols on Old Red and Yellow Sands� in flat terrain. In addition, “Red-Yellow Podzolic Soils with Soft or Hard Laterite� in undulating and rolling terrain are observed in ssome sections of the road trace. When road trace trending close to the Bolgoda Lake / Ganga, soil type changes to “Bog and Half -Bog Soils� in flat terrain. Regosols are soils developed on transported sandy material. They exist along the coastal regions as wide stretches. They have developed in both dry and wet zones. Some landscapes on which they occur are raised beaches, beach plains and dune sands. The colour is yellow to brown. The texture is fine to moderately coarse sand. The top soil may have some organic matter. Having some weatherable minerals, the regosols supports a variety of deep-rooted tree crops, including coconut in both dry and wet zones and cashew in dry zone. Red-Yellow Podzolic Soils are the dominant soils in the low-country and up- country wet zones. They also occur in the semi-wet and semi-dry intermediate zones. They are characterized by gery brown to yellowish brown top soil and mostly yellow or yellowish red sub soil. The top soil can have sandy loam, sandy clay loam or loam while the sub soil is sandy clay loam or clay. 46 Bog and Half-Bog Soils are found in the low-lying areas of the wet zone in the west, southwest and south. They are soils that contain a mixture of partially and fully decomposed organic material and are occur in marshy lands. Meteorological Parameters When the climatic zones are considered, the entire road section belongs to the wet zone. Rainfall A study of the available rainfall data around the project region at Department of Meteorology reveals that the nearest rainfall station is at Angoda Mental Hospital which is situated about 15km NE of the project site. Rainfall data on daily basis for the period of 2001 – 2010 was obtained and are displayed in Table 1. The above meteorological data indicate that area experiences heavy rains from April to June when the SW monsoon prevails. The area is also receives fair amount of rainfall during the second inter-monsoon period (i.e. during the months of September and October. In comparison, amount of rainfall in rest of the months is very low. Other monthly average meteorological parameters at the Angoda Mental Hospital meteorological gauge station are given in Table - 2 Temperature: According to the Table - B, the highest average monthly temperature is recorded in the month of February (33.60C) while the lowest average monthly temperature is encountered in the month of December (24.50C). Wind Speed: When wind speed is considered, it is somewhat higher during the months of May to September while in rest of the months, wind speed is comparatively low. Humidity: When consider the Humidity values, it is somewhat higher during the months of November to December (82 – 83%) while in June to September Humidity is somewhat low (61 – 64%). 47 Table – 1: Monthly Rainfall data for the period of 2001 – 2010 at the Angoda Mental Hospital Gauge Station YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 2001 299.9 138.8 22 177.6 185.8 117.5 95.6 45.2 278.6 234.7 187.5 248.8 2002 142 80.8 78.2 195.7 250.6 66.6 50.9 64.5 205.4 439.8 351.7 98.7 2003 81.4 93.3 121 249.4 460.8 279.2 296 143.6 275.4 255.2 290.2 127.3 2004 45.3 13.5 189.7 265.9 309.9 240.9 286.4 142 655.5 439.2 303.4 135 2005 104 0 390.4 270 264 177 345 13 228 997 240 65 2006 382 8.5 58 0 271.6 273.5 140.5 222.5 229 431.2 288.8 311 2007 144 37.4 0 482.1 370.1 292.2 75 450.6 324 446.4 135 138 2008 64 176.4 83.7 380.5 125.4 171 291.6 424.9 91.8 448.3 215 239 2009 0 0.5 73 122 487 317 125 203.5 219 72 477 199 2010 138 100 104 267 563 172 138 210 271 408 405 405 48 Table 2: – Other monthly average meteorological parameters Month Max. Temp Min. Temp Humidity Wind Speed 0 0 C C % km/hr Jan 31.8 25.2 78 19.58 Feb 33.6 26.4 78 17.73 Mar 32.0 25.3 74 14.67 Apr 31.6 25.3 71 12.80 May 29.0 24.7 71 20.54 Jun 28.0 24.6 61 17.85 Jul 30.4 25.3 60 18.46 Aug 31.1 25.1 62 23.23 Sep 30.2 26.8 64 22.02 Oct 30.5 26.3 73 14.98 Nov 31.3 24.8 82 12.04 Dec 32.1 24.5 83 13.06 Mean 31.0 25.3 71.4 17.25 Surface Water, Drainage and Runoff Characteristics The entire road section is located within the Bolgoda river basin. Number of minor streams, which are draining from east to west direction, are finally connected to Bolgoda Lake / Bolgoda Ganga, located just east of the road trace. The Bolgoda Lake connect Bolgoda Ganga, before entering the sea at Panadura (Fig. 1). Currently the road does not have good side drainage system, including operational leaderways to drain rain water properly. The existing culverts, side drains and leaderways are partly filled with debris materials and are partly damaged. In some sections of the side drains, water is logged due to blocked nature. These sections could be considered as significant locations for mosquito breeding. As a result, during high rainy season, mainly in SW monsoonal rainy season, some sections of the road and its side roads and part of the houses along the road trace get flooded. 49 Some house holders mentioned that the flood situation occurs in every year and it is a very difficult situation for them. They insisted to develop good drainage system in either side of the road and erect built-up leaderways to cope up with high water flow during rainy season, concurrently with road development. The final review of the drainage system by the supervisory consultant indicates existing structures should be improved and strengthened and that new leaderways will not be needed. Therefore, there will not be any impacts to land, trees, etc. Ground Water The area covered by the road trace located mainly within the coastal plain. Hence, coastal sand aquifers dominate in the project area. Shallow aquifers are found in this coastal plain where comparatively thick unconsolidated sand formations are occurred. These coastal sand aquifers consist of “lenses� of fresh water, floatin g above the saline water (Fig. 3). The volume of fresh water in these aquifers usually depends on the climatic conditions of the area. It usually expands during rainy season while it contracts during dry season. Infiltration rates and lateral movement of water through these sand aquifers are relatively high. It will be clearly evident by studying the existing drainage pattern of the area. Fig. 3: Typical coastal sand aquifer 50 Air Pollution and Noise Pollution Air pollution and noise pollution data available from previous studies were reviewed. The information available can provide an idea about air pollution and noise situation along the trace. During construction period, the key potential sources of air pollution could be identified as follows: - Fugitive dust generation from activities such as clearing and reclamation of lands, earth cuttings, transportation of materials, construction work of project related structures, etc,. - Exhaust emissions from vehicles and other machinery. Few noise and air pollution sensitive sites such as Dispensary, PHI Office, Mosque, etc, are located along the road and its close vicinity. They are mentioned in the EMP (Annex – VII). They are also listed in Table – 3. 51 Table – 3: List & Chainage of Environmentally Sensitive Sites along the Roadway and its Close Vicinity (Noise and Air Pollution Sensitive Sites) Road Section – 1 (A – 002 Road): (from Maliban Junction – 13+350) to Kurusa Junction – 18+450) Chainage Activity 14+100 – 14+200 14+050 – 14+075 Raja Gopal Temple in RHS 14+200 – 14+300 Technical College – Ratmalana in RHS 14+800 – 14+900 14+800 – 14+850 Deaf and Blind School in Ratmalana in LHS 15+200 – 15+300 15+260 – 15+300 Soysaramaya Temple in RHS 15+300 – 15+400 15+300 – 15+360 Soysaramaya Temple in RHS 15+500 – 15+600 15+510 – 15+590 Soysa Navodya Maha Vidyalaya, Moratuwa in RHS 15+600 – 15+700 15+610 – 15+620 Temple at Angulana Junction in LHS 15+700 – 15+800 15+735 – 15+800 Ceylon – German Technical Training Institute in LHS 15+800 – 15+900 15+800 – 15+850 Ceylon – German Technical Training Institute in LHS 16+200 – 16+300 16+280 – 16+300 Apprenticeship Training Institute in RHS 16+300 – 16+400 16+300 – 16+400 Apprenticeship Training Institute in RHS 16+400 – 16+500 16+400 – 16+410 Apprenticeship Training Institute in RHS 16+430 – 16+450 Janasetha Public Library, Katubedda in LHS 16+700 – 16+800 16+757 St. Joseph Pre-School, Katubedda in LHS 16+760 – 16+800 Rajeswari Church in LHS 16+800 – 16+900 16+800 – 16+835 Rajeswari Church in LHS 16+820 – 16+835 Baptist Church in RHS 52 17+000 – 17+100 17+040 – 17+090 Sirisena Daham Mandiraya & Daham Pasela in LHS 17+400 – 17+500 17+435 – 17+470 District Courts and Magistrate Courts of Moratuwa in LHS 17+550 Rawathawatta Temple in RHS 17+600 – 17+700 17+550 Rawathawatta Temple in RHS 17+700 – 17+800 17+750 – 17+800 Prince of Wales College in RHS 17+800 – 17+900 17+800 – 17+900 Prince of Wales College in RHS 17+965 – 17+990 Moratuwa Social Services Society and Elders Home in LHS 18+100 – 18+200 18+100 – 18+140 St. Mark’s Church in RHS Road Section – 2 (AB – 011 Road): (from Kurusa Junction – 0+000) to Panadura Bridge Junction – 6+800) Chainage Activity 0+100 – 0+200 0+112 – 0+160 Weera Puran Appu Model School in LHS 0+160 – 0+185 Methodist Church, Suduwella in LHS 0+600 – 0+700 0+600 - 0+685 Ave Mariya Church in LHS 0+900 – 1+000 0+910 Damma Nikethanaaya in LHS 53 Road Section – 3 (A – 002 Road): (from Panadura Bridge Junction – 25+250) to Nalluruwa 30th km Post Junction – 30+000) Chainage Activity 25+400 – 25+500 25+465 – 23+500 MOH Office, Panadura in LHS 25+600 – 25+700 25+660 – 25+700 Mother of Sorrows Church in LHS 25+700 – 25+800 25+700 – 25+725 Mother of Sorrows Church in LHS 25+800 – 25+900 25+825 – 25+900 Panadura Hospital in RHS 25+900 – 26+000 25+910 – 25+940 Panadura Police in RHS 26+000 – 26+100 26+050 – 26+090 Public Library Panadura in RHS 26+200 – 26+300 26+225 – 26+280 Divisional Secretariat, Panadura in LHS 26+275 – 26+300 Child Care Centre in RHS 26+300 – 26+400 26+300 – 26+335 Child Care Centre in RHS 26+400 – 26+500 26+420 – 26+460 Panadura Montissori Home in LHS 26+500 – 26+600 26+565 – 26+590 Panadura International Buddhist Foundation & Buddhist Temple in RHS 26+700 – 26+800 26+750 – 26+800 Panadura Balika Vidyalaya in LHS 26+775 – 26+800 Panadura Sri Kandasamy Kovil in RHS 26+800 – 26+900 26+800 – 26+875 Panadura Balika Vidyalaya in LHS 26+900 – 27+000 26+900 – 27+000 Panadura Bus Stand in LHS 27+100 – 27+200 27+110 – 27+145 Methodist Primary School in RHS 27+145 – 27+160 Methodist Church in RHS 27+700 – 27+800 27+740 – 27+780 Panadura Royal College in LHS 27+780 – 27+790 Panadura Private Hospital in LHS 27+900 – 28+000 27+955 – 28+000 Sri Sumangala Balika Vidyalaya, Panadura in RHS 54 28+500 – 28+600 28+510 – 28+550 Gothami Children Development Centre, Nalluruwa 28+800 – 28+900 28+800 – 28+820 Aruna Niwasaya in RHS 29+200 – 29+300 28+275 – 28+300 Pinwatta Cemetery in RHS 28+300 – 28+400 28+300 – 28+330 Pinwatta Cemetery in RHS During the construction phase of the project, material transportation is necessary in order to construct project related structures. Hence, there will be an increase in the volume of traffic during the construction phase and it may have some disturbances to the road trace. Increase of traffic would result dust generation. Continuous transportation may create noise pollution and it will affect the people living by the side of the road. An extract from the National Environmental (Ambient Air Quality) Regulations, declared in 1994 is presented in Table 4. Table 4: National ambient air quality standards Parameter Averaging time NAAQS (mg NAAQS -3 (hrs) m ) (ppm) Carbon Monoxide 8 10 9 Nitrogen Dioxide 24 0.10 0.05 8 0.15 0.08 Sulphur Dioxide 24 0.08 0.03 Lead 24 0.002 - TSP 24 0.03 - PM10 8 0.35 - Source: Gazatte of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, 850/4 (20 December, 1994) PM 10 – particulate matter < 10 μm * National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 55 Landuse Pattern General landuse category identified along the road trace is home gardens, which have specific wet zone characteristics (Plate – XVI). In addition to Home Gardens, other Anthropogenic Sites, Roadsides (Plate – XVII), Beaches, River and Associated Vegetations are the other land use patterns identified along the road trace. Plate – XVI: Presence of home gardens along the road trace Plate – XVII: Presence of roadside associated vegetation 56 Historical and Cultural Sites No special historical sites were identified along the entire road trace. However, number of Buddhist Temples, Churches, Mosques and a Kovil were identified within the road trace (Refer Table VII of EMP for chainages of these structures). Quarrying Materials Number of existing IML – A, IML – B and IML - C category rock quarry sites located in Colombo and Kalutara Districts. These quarry sites are located in several kilometers away from the proposed road section. Details of these quarry sites are mentioned in Annex – V of the EMP. Quarrying materials required for road rehabilitation work could be purchased from these privately owned quarry sites, subject to suitability for road construction work. Otherwise it is possible to identify a new quarry site and obtain a mining license from the GSMB and EPL from the CEA to commence rock quarrying activities by the contractor. Procedure to obtain Mining License for quarry operation is mentioned in Annex – IX of EMP. Burrow Materials (Gravel) Number of existing IML – A and B category burrow (gravel) pits are located in Colombo and Kalutara Districts. These burrow pits sites are located in several kilometers away from the proposed road section. Details of these burrow pits are mentioned in Annex - IV. Burrow (gravel) materials required for road rehabilitation work could be purchased from these privately owned burrow sites, subject to suitability for road construction work. It is necessary to check the suitability of these burrow (gravel) materials for road development work, prior to purchase them. Otherwise it is possible to identify a new burrow site and obtain a mining license from the GSMB and EPL from the CEA to commence mining activities by the contractor. Procedure to obtain Mining License for operation of burrow pits is mentioned in Annex – VIII of EMP. 57 Construction Sand Number of existing artisinal sand mining sites are located in Colombo and Kalutara Districts. Of these, details of sand mining sites located in close proximity to the project site are mentioned in Annex - VI. Construction sand required for road rehabilitation work could be purchased from these privately owned sand mining locations. Otherwise it is possible to identify a new sand mining site and obtain a mining license from the GSMB and EPL from the CEA to commence sand mining activities by the contractor. Other than the above materials, cement, bitumen and emulsion are needed for the proposed road rehabilitation work. 3.2 Biological Environment Ecological Resources Description of the Existing Environment Biogeographically, the proposed road sections lies within the low country wet zone. Floristically it is under Northern Wet Lowlands Floristic Zone and Coastal and Marine Belt Floristic Zone. Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests are typical natural vegetation formations in the Northern Wet Lowlands Floristic Zone and Marine Mangroves, Salt Marsh, Sand Dunes and Strand Vegetation are typical natural vegetation formations in the Coastal and Marine Belt Floristic Zone. However such typical or natural vegetation formations cannot be observed beside the proposed road sections as the area is highly modified for human settlements and development. Home Gardens and other Anthropogenic Sites, Roadsides, Beaches, River and Associated Vegetations are major floristic habitats found in the area. Home Gardens and other Anthropogenic Sites Most of the areas along both side of the proposed road sections under human influence and developed. Home gardens, schools, sale centers, factories, buildings, religious places and other anthropogenic sites are placed along both sides of the proposed road sections. Cocos nucifera (Coconut), Terminalia 58 catappa (Kottan), Mangifera indica (Mango), Musa x paradisiaca (Banana), Filicium decipiens (Pehimbiya), Artocarpus heterophyllus (Kos), Artocarpus incisus (Del), Polyalthia longifolia (Owila), Pisonia grandis (Wathabanga) are common plant species in home gardens and other anthropogenic sites. No endemic or threatened plant species found and Annex – A includes all the plant species recorded in home gardens and other anthropogenic sites during the study with necessary information. Roadsides Weedy plant species such as Tridax procumbens, Boerhavia diffusa, Amaranthus viridis (Kura Thampala), Acalypha indica (Kuppameniya), Gomphrena celosioides, Sida acuta (Gas Bavila), Vernonia cinerea (Monara Kudumbiya), Achyranthes aspera (Gas Karal Heba), Tribulus terrestris, Ricinus communis (Beheth Endaru), Cleome rutidosperma are common naturally occurring plant species along the roadsides. Terminalia catappa (Kottan), Mangifera indica (Mango), Filicium decipiens (Pehimbiya), Ficus religiosa (Boo), Tabebuia rosea, Ficus benghalensis (Maha Nuga), Peltophorum pterocarpum, Acacia melanoxylon, Muntingia calabura (Jam) are common planted trees along the roadsides. Argyreia populifolia (Giritilla) is recorded endemic plant species and none of the recorded plant species listed as a threatened. Annex - A includes all the plant species recorded in roadsides during the study with necessary information. Beach Most of the parts of AB 11 road section are going near to the western coast line and Cocos nucifera (Coconut), Ipomoea pes-caprae (Mudu Bin Thamburu), Tridax procumbens, Boerhavia diffusa, Pandanus odoratissimus, Premna obtusifolia (Maha Midi) are commonly inhabited plant species in the coast line. No endemic or threatened plant species found and Annex - A includes all the plant species recorded in beach during the study with necessary information. River and Associated Vegetations The road section AB 11 is going on the Bolgoda River. Associated vegetation of the Bolgoda River section close to the road is highly disturbed and only a few isolated individuals of mangrove species, Sonneratia caseolaris (Kirala), Rhizophora mucronata (Kadol), Bruguiera sp. (Mal Kadol) are observed. 59 Terminalia catappa (Kottan), Cyperus spp., Phragmites karka, Eichhornia crassipes (Japan Jabara), Annona glabra (Wel Atha), Colocasia esculenta (Gahala) are other common plant species in associated vegetation of the Bolgoda River section close to the proposed road. No endemic or threatened plant species found and Annex - A includes all the plant species recorded in the associated vegetation of the Bolgoda River section close to the proposed road during the study with necessary information. Flora of the Project Area A total of 91 plant species including one endemic species were recorded during the field survey within the study area (Table - 5). Argyreia populifolia (Giritilla) is a recorded endemic plant species and it is a common species found in wet zone. Further more than 45 % of the plant species recorded at the study site are exotic species which indicates that the area is highly disturbed due to human influence. All recorded flora species are not unique or restricted to the project area. Annex - A includes all the plant species recorded in the project area during the study with necessary information. Table 5: Summary of the Plant Species Recorded During the Study Total Species Threatened Endemic Native Introduced 91 0 1 49 (54%) 41 (45%) Fauna of the Project Area The fauna comprise mainly of common species that are found associated with man modified habitat. A total number of 60 faunal species including one common endemic frog species were recorded from the proposed project area (Table - 6). All recorded fauna species are not unique or restricted to the project area and the project rehabilitation work will not have any significant impacts towards the well- being of these fauna. Animal species recorded during the field study are listed in Annex – B. 60 Table - 6: Summary of the Faunal Species Recorded During the Study Taxonomic Total Endemic Nationally Exotic Group Number Species Threatened Species Birds 29 0 0 0 Butterflies 11 0 0 0 Dragonflies 05 0 0 0 Mammals 02 0 0 0 Reptiles 03 0 0 0 Amphibians 01 1 0 0 Fish 07 0 0 3 Snails 02 0 0 2 Total 60 1 0 5 Details of the trees that are going to be removed or affected Total numbers of 3 individual trees belonging to 3 plant species will be removed and 392 individual trees belonging to 35 plant species will be affected due to cutting of branches. Details are given in Annex – C. 3.3 Sociological Environment Methodologies Used in the Sociological Investigation. The investigation, particularly the information collection is mainly focused on the qualitative data sources which were available at relevant Divisional Secretariats, Urban councils, Pradeshiya Sabhas, Road Development Authority and Grama Niladaries etc. In addition observations were made to identify the existing human settlements, commercial establishments and government and privately owned properties along the road within the proposed project area. Overall Situation in the Districts Colombo district is situated in the Western province and the smallest district in Sri Lanka with an area of 642 km² on the western coast of the island. Sri Lanka’s commercial capital, Colombo and the political capital, Sri Jayawardanapura 61 Kotte are located in this district. The urban sector of Colombo district comprised of four Municipal Councils (MCs))namely Colombo, Dehiwala–Galkissa, Sri Jayewardenepura –Kotte and Moratuwa and five Urban Councils namely Maharaghama, Boralasgamuwa, Kolonawa, Seethawakapura and Kasbawa. Colombo district has a population of 2,235,000 (2001 census) and has the highest population density of all Sri Lankan districts (3,500 inhabitants/km²).and also Colombo is the capital city of the country. Kalutara district is also situated in the Western province and total population is 1,066,239. The inter-censual increase of population between 1981 and 2001 is 236,535 persons or 28.5 percent. The highest population is reported from Panadura divisional secretary's division and it is 163,492. The urban sector of Kalutara district comprised of Panadura Urban Council, Horana Urban Council, Kalutara Urban Council and Beruwala Urban Council. Kalutara district has a land area of 1,576 square kilometres (sq.km). It has a population density of 677 persons per sq.km. The rate of migration to Colombo from other areas in the country is very high and as a result of that there is an exploding population resulting in turn in a very high demand for land (sending the land values sky-rocketing) and huge traffic jams especially in the mornings and evenings. All Government Ministries and headquarters all government and private organizations are located in the Colombo district. Majority of main roads (for example to Galle and Kandy) start from Colombo. Overall Socio – Economic Profile in the Project Area This section shows briefly the social, economic cultural and geographical background in the proposed project area. Geographical Background Administration Boundaries The proposed project area is situated within the Western Province of Sri Lanka and runs through two districts namely Colombo and Kalutara. Also it runs through three Divisional Secretary’s Divisions (DSDs) and four Local Authority (LA) areas starting from Dehiwala-Galkissa Municipal Council (MC) area, running through Moratutuwa Municipal council (UC) area and Panadura Pradeshiya Sabha (PS) 62 area and ends up at in Panadura UC Limits. The length of the portion of the highway proposed for upgrading with flood control capacity is around 17.3 km. altogether the proposed part of road to be upgraded is running through 48 Grama Niladhari Divisions (04 GNDs in Ratmalana, 26 GNDs in Moratuwa and 18 GNDs in Panadura Divisional Secretary’s Division). The following table shows the GNDs situated along the proposed part of road. Table 7: GND’s Situated Along the Road – Ratmalana DS Division No GND Names of the Sq. land area Number of number GND villages/wards 01 127 Aththidiya South 32 07 02 351 Kandawala 28 05 03 546E Vihare 40 06 04 74 Ratmalana East 37 08 Source- Socio-economic resource profile, Ratmalana DSD, 2011 The proposed part of the road falls under the Ratmalana DSD and this portion is situated in a highly populated and commercialized area. Dehiwala- Mt. Lavinia MC is managing main public utilities as the local authority in the area and all administrative functions are being carried out by the Ratmalana Divisional Secretariat. Table – 8: GND’s Situated Along the Road – Moratuwa DS Division No GND Names of the GND Sq. land area Number of number (He.) villages/wards 01 548 Kaldemulla 42 ,06 02 548A Soysapura North 18 01 03 548B Soysapura North 16 05 04 548C Dahampura 16 06 05 550 Laxapathiya South 32 04 06 550A Laxapathiya North 62 06 07 550B Laxapathiya Central 62 03 08 551 Katubedda 31 01 09 551A Kuduwamulla 37 08 10 552 Idama 103 11 63 11 552A Yanwatta South 25 01 12 552B Yanwatta North 38 07 13 553 Moratumulla South 43 12 14 553A Moratumula North 09 12 15 553B Moratumulla Western 15 11 16 553C Uswatta 36 05 17 554 Koralawella North 34 11 18 554A Koralawella South 36 08 19 554B Koralawella West 32 11 20 554C Koralawella East 52 12 21 555 Katukurunda North 42 09 22 555A Katukurunda South 48 09 23 556 Egodauyana North 28 12 24 556A Egodauyana Central 38 09 25 556B Egodauyana South 40 08 26 557 Rawathawatta East 28 06 27 557A Rawathawatta West 35 16 28 557B Rawathawatta South 40 07 Source- Socio-economic recourses profile, Moratuwa DSD, 2011 The largest portion of the proposed extent of road runs through the Moratuwa DS division. It runs through 28 GNDs. The above table indicates that the land area is smaller in comparison to the number of villages and this situation indirectly shows the high level of population density in the area. Among those GNDs comparatively “Idama GND� has a lager extent of lands in comparison to “Moratumulla North GND�. “Rawathawatta West GND� has a larger number of villages or wards in comparison to “Soysapura North GND� which has only one village. Table – 9: GND’s Situated Along the Road – Panadura DS Division No GND Names of the GND Sq. land area Number of number (He.) villages/wards 01 670B Horonthuduwa North 34 04 02 670 Horonthuduwa 36 06 03 670A Horonthuduwa South 32 03 64 04 670C Horonthuduwa Central 52 01 05 674 Gorakana 42 08 06 671A Gorakana South 48 09 07 673 Sarikkamulla 28 09 08 672 Kesselwatta 38 12 09 673A Heenamulla 40 09 10 673B Pallimula 28 08 11 674 Gorakapola 35 06 12 679 Wallana 40 16 13 685 Pattiya North 18 07 14 685C Bazzar West 16 05 15 685D Sagara place 16 06 16 686B Pattiya 32 04 17 686A Uyankele 34 06 18 692A Nallooruwa North 36 03 19 692 Nallooruwa 32 01 Source- Socio-economic recourses profile, Panadura DSD, 2011 The above table indicates that the road runs through 19 GNDs in Panadura DS division and the figures do not differ much from the situation in the Moratuwa division. Here also the number of villages in a smaller extent of land indirectly shows the high level of population density. The end of project area (especially Nallrooruwa area) shows rural features than urban features. The portion of the road in Panadura DS division mainly falls under the Pandura MC area and a small portion falls under the Pandura Pradeshiya Sabha area. Land Use Pattern in the Project Divisions The following table shows the existing pattern of land use in all three DS Divisions Table – 10: Existing Land Use Pattern Type of Land used Rathmalana Moratuwa Pandura Lands used for buildings and home 85% 87 80 gardens Water bodies and other 15% 13 20 Total 100 100 100 Source- Socio-economic resource profiles,Ratmalana, Moratuwa & Panadura DSD, 2011 65 Existing land use paten indicates that on an average over 82% lands have been used for settlements and other human activities. Only around 18% of lands represent water bodies. This situation directly shows the existing situation of population pressure in the area. Natural Disasters These three DS divisions are vulnerable to periodical natural disasters. The main natural disaster they face is floods. During every heavy rain some lands and houses go under water. Especially dwellers living along the Galle road within the proposed project area are mostly vulnerable to floods. The main reason for floods in this area is the lack of a proper drainage system to discharge the large quantity of water during heavy rains. The recent climatic changes have resulted in heavy rains within a short period causing large quantities of rain water flooding the roads and homesteads. This is the main disaster the dwellers are faced with at present and the proposed project has been formulated mainly to address this issue. In addition heavy winds blowing during some periods also is a crucial natural disaster faced by dwellers in this project area. Recently it has been recorded that heavy winds are also an effect of climatic changes. All these three DS divisions have been affected during the previous Tsunami which occurred in the year 2004. The proposed project will definitely help control floods in these areas. Historical Background Ratmalana Existing historical evidence indicates that Ratmalana has a history of over 2000 years. According to the folklore during the reign of King Devanapiyatissa, a “Dethispala bodirukkha “ has been brought to Sri Lanka and one of them has been planted in the premises of Ratmalana Sri Darmarama Purana Temple in year 237 A.D. This Bodhi Tree is still venerated by the people as an important religious object. King Parakrambahu VI built a palace at Attidiya for protection from Alkeshewara. According to folklore a flower garden had been established in this area giving it the name Ratmalana. 66 Moratuwa Moratuwa is referred to as “Moratueliya� in ancient literary works, for example in Thisara sandesha written in 1348 and later in “Gira Sandhesa�. Moratuwa has been popular among the Dutch during their ruling period because many cinnamon plantations were situated there. However Moratuwa Urban council has been established in 1930 during the British Raj. Pandura “The Book of Ceylon� gives a description of Panadura and its beautiful environment. The historic ‘Panadura Vaadaya’ was held in Panadura from 6th to 28th August in the year 1873. History of Colombo – Galle Road Colombo-Galle road is one the main roads in the country which connects the two provinces Western and Southern. It has been in existence from the times of ancient rulers. According to history the work on the road commenced in the year 1680. The then Dutch Governor of Ceylon Dariclop Vaan Hoyender initiated the work, which has been completed within a few years. The road has later been upgraded during the British colonial period. Demographic Feature The following table shows the current population in the project area based on the Divisional Secretary Divisions. Table – 11: Demographic Details of the Area District DS NO. of Are (Sq Population Population `Division GNDs km.) density(Persons per Sq.km) Colombo Ratmalana 13 14.5 123.160.00 8797 Colombo Moratuwa 42 22.4 202.382.00 9199 Kaluthara Pandura 72 59.0 193.459.00 3273 Source- Socio-economic resource profiles, Rathmalana, Moratuwa & Panadura DSD’s, 2011 67 Above table indicates that population density is comparatively higher in project areas falling under Colombo district than the Kalutara district. That may be because Kalutara district has more rural features than the Colombo district. Gender Composition of the Population The gender composition in the area shows that the female population is higher than the male population. However an improved road network will help women to save time spent on traveling and the saved time could be used for productive purposes in the family as well as in the society. Table – 12: Gender Composition of the Area DS Division Female % Male % Toatal % Ratmalana 63412 53 60746 47 124.158 100 Moratuwa 102.865 51 99.517 49 202.382 100 Panadura 104.145 52 93314 48 197.459 100 Source- Socio-economic resource profiles, Ratmalana, Moratuwa & Panadura DSD’s, 2011 Age Distribution The following table shows the age distribution of the population in the proposed project area Table – 13: Age distribution of the population Age distribution of the population DS division 0-5 % 6-18 % 19-60 % Over 60 % Total Ratmalana 10.498 08 32.271 26 58.303 47 23.104 19 124.176 Moratuwa 21.032 07 75.145 27 150.210 53 35.995 13 282.382 Pandura 21.939 09 58.347 30 88.750 45 28.423 16 197.459 Source- Socio-economic resource profiles, Ratmalana, Moratuwa & Panadura DSD�s, 2011 The age group representing the labour force (19-60) is dominant in all three DS divisions. Infants represent averagely 08%. Elderly population is around 16% in all three DS divisions averagely. These details indicate that the proposed project has the opportunity to find employees from the area itself. 68 Levels of Education Levels of education are one of the basic social parameters in recognizing the overall social status of the people living in an area. Therefore, the level of education of all the dwellers in the study area was studied. Table – 14: Level of Education Level of education DS No Never Gr.1-5 Gr. 6- Gr.12- Higher Total Division schooling schooling 11 13 education Ratmalana 6.210 3.541 18.321 38.479 41.71 15.654 124.176 Moratuwa 16.321 8.153 43.654 98.095 86.781 29.378 282.382 Panadura 11.236 6.359 38.620 73.746 55.873 11.625 197.459 Source- Socio-economic resource profiles, Ratmalana, Moratuwa & Panadura DSD �s, 2011 Above table shows that literacy levels among both male and female populations are at a high standard. Majority has received at least a primary education and significant amount of population has received a secondary education. The percentage who has never attended school was very low and the number of graduates is at a considerable level in all three DS divisions. Socio Economic Conditions This section tried to identify the socio-economic backgrounds of the dwellers living in these three DS divisions. Firstly, it studied a few selected parameters relating to the social backgrounds of the dwellers and then analyzed the economic status of the dwellers in all three DS divisions. Social Conditions It used three parameters namely the level of education, existing occupation pattern and nature of houses based on the available data to study their social status. Occupation Pattern It was very important to study the occupation pattern in the area to identify their principle economic activities and social backgrounds. Therefore the existing occupation pattern in all three DS divisions is analyzed in the table below. 69 Table – 15: Occupation Patterns of the HHH at DSD level Divisional Occupation patterns in the project area Secretary n empl. Farmer Labour Busine Govt.S /Privat Foreig Fisher sector ector Total Division HHH man ss er e Ratmalana 632 800 6960 7477 5441 3325 24635 Moratuwa 987 6893 10365 13687 18213 6331 56476 Panadura 14123 4162 7543 4047 7351 2265 39491 Source- Socio-economic recourses profiles, Rathmalana, Moratuwa & Panadura DSD�s, 2011 Above table indicates that the great majority of the inhabitants living in the area are engaged in business or private sector jobs. Government servants are the second highest employment category and this situation indicates that the migration pattern to the area is related to employment opportunities. The other important category of employment is daily wage labour representing unskilled / skilled laborers. Fishermen and Farmers are in a minority. However the situation in Ratmalana and Moratuwa is slightly different from that of Panadura. Types of Houses Natures of houses situated within the DS divisions are shown in the following table. Table – 16: Types of the Houses DS Number Type of hoses division of Permanent % Semi % Temporary % houses permanent Rathmalana 24635 14532 59 6324 25 3779 16 Moratuwa 56476 32212 57 18213 33 6051 10 Panadura 39491 18801 47 12369 31 8321 32 Source- Socio-economic resource profiles, Rathmalana, Moratuwa & Panadura DSD�s, 2011 70 Above figures indicate that the majority of houses are permanent. Over 50% of the houses in Colombo district are permanent. In the Pandura division this figure is around 47%. Semi permanent houses are around 29% in all three DS divisions. Temporary houses are at a very low minority level in Ratmalana and Moratuwa divisions but they are at a considerable level in Pandura DS division. Economic Conditions Income Generation Sources Two parameters were used in identifying existing principle income generation activities in all three DS divisions, namely, sources of income and monthly income pattern at household level. The following indicates the existing situation pertaining to sources of income in the area. Sources of Income Sources of income based on the household survey results are summarized in the following table. Table – 17: Sources of Income, Analyzed at DSD Level Divisional Sources of income (Monthly)/Number of HHH Secretary Agricult & Samurd (Fixed ) welfare Busine ure/Fis Wages Wages heries fixed) Division other Daily Total HHH (not ss hi Ratmalana 1432 9802 6960 5421 1020 24635 Moratuwa 7760 20018 10365 16210 2120 56476 Panadura 18265 6312 7243 7151 520 39491 Source- Socio-economic resource profiles, Rathmalana, Moratuwa & Panadura DSD�s, 2011 Above figures indicate that the dominant majority of dwellers are depending on permanent employment opportunities with fixed monthly incomes. Commercial activities or private sector jobs are also very popular in these areas. The next popular income generation activity in the area is daily wage labour. In addition, small percentages of dwellers depend on Samruddhi and other social welfare assistance. 71 Income Distribution Pattern The following table shows the income distribution pattern among the dwellers in the area. Table – 18: Monthly Income Pattern Monthly income(Rs) /Number of HHH Divisional Below 5001- 15001- 30001 45.001 Over Total Secretary 5000.00 15.000 30.000. - - 60.000 HHH Division 45.000 60.000 Ratmalana 1020 5859 1432 7802 5421 3101 24635 Moratuwa 2120 10355 7560 18017 16110 23101 56476 Panadura 520 7240 16165 6312 7141 2113 39491 Source- Socio-economic resource profiles, Ratmalana, Moratuwa & Panadura DSD �s, 2011 Above table indicates that majority of dwellers living in the proposed project area are earning a monthly income of more than Rs. 15,000. The rest of them are earning monthly incomes below Rs.15000.00. Dwellers representing the pro- poor group within the proposed project area are in a minority. Economic Development As mentioned earlier, DS divisions in Colombo district are basically depending on industrial and commercial activities than agricultural or fisheries activities. Colombo as the capital city of the island contains the majority of industries and all headquarters of government institutions are established in this district. Therefore the population density and demand for lands are at a very high level. Comparatively Pandura basically depends on an economy based on the plantation industry, agriculture and fisheries. Investment Opportunities Available in the Area As mentioned earlier, the western province is a highly developed province in the country compared to the other provinces. Western province has a well developed road network connecting all parts of the country, including Colombo – Matara express highway. Also the majority of main roads and sub roads and by roads are being developed at present. The main harbour is situated in Colombo and the main air port (Katunayka International Airport) is situated nearby. Two main Industrial zones, Katunayaka and Biyagama, are situated close to Colombo. 72 These well developed infrastructure facilities and the institutional setting attract investors to commence new industries in the area. Houses Commercial Commercial Govern Religiou Project zones establishmen establishmen ment s places t –LS ts - RS building &other s buildings buildings business business places places No of No of No.of No of RS RS RS LS LS LS Maliban junction to Kurusa 39 27 91 141 87 136 26 19 12 18 Junction Kurusa Junction to 53 82 26 46 62 97 08 12 08 13 Panadura bridge Panadura bridge to 87 110 59 94 78 120 10 12 03 Nalluruwa 10 Sub Total 179 229 176 281 227 253 44 43 23 41 Grand Total 408 457 479 87 64 Community Establishments Situated Along the Road Table – 19: Number of Community Establishments Situated Along the Road of the Project Area Source- Investigation during the study This section tried identify the existing building such as houses, commercial establishment and other community establishments. Based on the physical features of the road with in the proposed project area it has been divided in to tree zones. The following table shows the existing community establishments along the road. Above details highlighted that ,great majority of establishments situated along the road were commercial establishments which includes shops, hotels, boutiques, factories, industries, banks and all places maintained for the commercial 73 purposes. This situation indirectly shows the nature of the proposed project area. However around 408 houses were situated along the both sides of the road within the proposed project area. And comparatively few government offices and other public places such as religious places, cemeteries, playground, community centers etc., were situated on both sides along the road with in the proposed project area. However, due to the nature of project, It has observed that no possibility to resettle families or relocate of any establishments due to new project. According to the project development plan, it will not evacuate existing community establishments on short term or long term basis. But during the project implementation period, there is a possibility to create some environmental issues such as sound and air pollution on surrounding communities ,if not use standard operation methods in during the project implementation period. Therefore, the project proponent should seriously consider this situation and adopted the standard operation procedures during the project implementation period to minimize effects on surrounding communities. 74 CHAPTER – 4 EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & PROPOSED MITIGATORY MEASURES Environmental impacts are expected during construction and operational stages. All these expected impacts will be mitigated by implementing proposed mitigatory measures which are summarized below. Details on site specific environmental safeguard measures are explained in the EMP (Annexes: I – VII). The contractor will be required to provide a short statement of the following to support his bid: (i) that the EMP conditions have been costed into the bid price; (ii) prior experience in working with an EMP; (iii) the person/s responsible in the contractor’s team for meeting the environmental compliance requirements of the EMP have been included; 75 Institutional Arrangement for Supervision and Monitoring of Safeguards Implementation of the Project Safeguard Implementation Organizational Chart -RSAP Project Director Team Leader (PD) RSAP Consultant) Environmental & Social Environmental & Specialist (ES) Social Specialist (ES) National Level Resident Engineer and Contractor Environmental & Social Officer Field level Project Manager (PM) [contractor side] Environmental 76 Officer (EO) [Contractor side] 4.1 Construction Stage 4.1.1 Felling of Trees (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) Total of 3 trees have been identified for removal within the proposed road width. In addition, branches of 392 trees have also been identified for cutting. Details of these trees are mentioned in Annex – II of EMP. Within these trees, not a single religious importance tree is observed. All the trees earmarked for felling / cutting of branches have been identified as important fruit trees, timber trees, medicinal trees or trees with aesthetic value. Identified 3 trees for removal are located very close to the road edge hence require removal. In addition, identified 392 trees for cutting of branches are affected either for electricity line, telephone line or vehicles plying on the road. Hence, cutting of branches of these 392 trees are required. In order to stabilize the soil cover and minimize erosion related issues due to cutting of 3 trees, it is proposed to re-grow suitable indigenous tree and/or fruit tree species in the localities where the trees are to be felled. Also it is proposed to maintain a green belt along the road, outside the road reservation, where possible. As important forest tree species or rare vegetation could not be encountered when conducting the environment study, impacts on natural vegetation due to the proposed project is not significant. 4.1.2 Soil Erosion (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) Soil erosion is expected when soil is excavated to develop (erect, deepen & reshape) side drains, leaderways and culverts and to remove unsuitable soil from the road way. Soil erosion is also predicted when filling soil material for lifting and leveling the roadway. To avoid / control soil erosion due to above mentioned soil excavation activities, it is recommended to apply following remedial measures. 77  Excavated earth materials and all debris materials shall be disposed immediately without allowing to stockpile at locations recommended by engineer with the approval of Local Authorities.  During transportation, dispose materials should be covered with tarpaulin.  With the consent of engineer, contractor can use dispose materials to fill lands in an environmentally friendly manner for legally acceptable purposes.  Contractor should find suitable soil material for road filling from a borrow pit, subject to approval of the engineer.  During excavation attention should be paid to maintain 1.5m deep roadside LHS / RHS downward slopes in 1:4 ratio in both RHS and LHS of 6+725 – 6+755 section of Road Section - 2 and grass turf to avoid soil erosion. In addition, it is also recommended to erect toe walls in both RHS and LHS covering this section.  To avoid soil erosion in the roadside downward slope, it is proposed to fill the roadside eroded / erodible slopes with suitable soil and grass turf on the filled slopes. In some instances it is proposed to erect retaining walls / toe walls to avoid soil erosion from the downward slopes. All these are mentioned in detail in the Annex – IV of the EMP.  Stripped top soil during edge widening for a specified depth of 150 mm should be stored in stockpile for a height not exceeding 2m, under the direction of engineer. If the contractor is in doubt whether to conserve top soil in a given area, engineer should be consulted for advice. Stockpiles should be placed outside flood affected areas.  Stockpiled topsoil should be used to re-fill the areas where topsoil has been removed. Residual topsoil must be distributed on adjoining / proximate barren areas as identified by the engineer in a layer of thickness of 75 mm – 150 mm.  Stockpiled topsoil for reuse shall not be surcharged or overburdened. As far as possible, multiple handling of top soil should be kept to a minimum. Advice & instructions should be given to operators, supervisors and other workers about the importance of top soil and thereby to minimize removal of it. Stockpiled materials (top soil and others) should be stored separately. 78  Barricades such as humps will be erected at excavated areas for earth, scupper, built-up, covered built-up drains, culverts & cross culverts, bridges, retaining & toe walls, side wall extensions, stretches of road widening, filling & lifting and roadside slope embankment cutting, with proper sign boards, as some work in these sections will have to be stopped during heavy rains due to heavy erosion. To prevent soil erosion in these excavated areas, proper drain system should be introduced. 4.1.3 Siltation (Indirect, Long Term, Negative Impact) Siltation related issues are encountered due to draining of silt materials through roadside drains, entering silt materials to minor streams through the existing type leaderways. Some of the existing roadside leaderways are connected to Bolgoda Ganga / Bolgoda Lake and Sea. In this road, leaderways are not properly constructed and as a result siltation related issues are encountered (during rainy season, silt materials are draining through partly damaged leaderways) and as a result water stagnation / minor flooding is encountered within the roadway and its surroundings. In addition, at some other places along the road trace, although leaderways are required, no such structures were erected. This results siltation related issues along the roadway and surrounding area. In addition, disposed excavated soil materials may get eroded during rainy season and as a result siltation related issues may be expected in the nearby waterways of the disposable sites. To avoid / control siltation related issues as mentioned above it is recommended to apply following remedial measures.  Concrete built up side drains in LHS / RHS of the road should be developed (erected, deepen & reshaped) to drain rain water properly.  Culverts, built-up side drain and built-up leaderways should be erected to drain rain water properly 79  Silt traps will have to be constructed when the side drains are connected to roadside leaderways. By erecting silttraps, it is possible to minimize silt entering into water ways. Proposed silttrap locations are mentioned in Annex – I of the EMP.  Debris material shall be disposed in such a manner that waterways, drainage paths would not get blocked.  To avoid siltation, drainage paths should not be directed to streams, other water bodies and sea directly.  Construction over the seasonal streams shall be undertaken in dry period.  The work, permanent or temporary, shall consist of measures as per design or as directed by the EE to control soil erosion, sedimentation & waterway pollution to the satisfaction of EE. Typical measures include the use of berms, dikes, sediment basins, fiber mats, mulches, grasses, slope drains & other devices. All sedimentation & pollution control works & maintenance thereof are deemed, as incidental to the earthworks. As quickly as possible remove all excavated soil from drains, culverts, walls & shoulders to stockpiling lands. 4.1.4 Minor Slope Failures / Collapsings (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) It is possible to observe minor slope failures / collapsings from nearly 1.5m deep roadside downward slope embankment in both RHS and LHS in Road Section - 2 (between 6+725 – 6+755 chainage) during construction. To avoid / control slope failures due to above mentioned soil excavation activities, it is recommended to apply following remedial measures.  During excavation attention should be paid to maintain 1.5m deep roadside RHS downward slopes in 1:4 ratio and grass turf to avoid possible slope failures / collapsing and grass turf on the side slopes..  In some instances it is proposed to erect retaining walls / toe walls to avoid slope failures / collapsings from the downward slopes. All these are mentioned in detail in Annex – IV of the EMP. 80 4.1.5 Protection of Water Sources & Quality due to Road & Related Works (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) It is possible to encounter loss of minor water sources & effects to water quality of streams due to road construction work. Since construction of cross drainage structures across perennial water bodies will not take place, there will not be impacts due to construction activities. To avoid / control loss of minor water sources and effects to water quality, it is recommended to apply following remedial measures.  Arrange adequate supply of water for the project purpose throughout the construction period. Refrain from obtaining water for project purposes, & labour camps etc., from public or community water supply schemes without a prior approval from the relevant authority.  Refrain from extracting water from ground water or surface water bodies without permission of the engineer & relevant authority. Obtain permission for extracting water prior to the commencing of the project, from the relevant authority. Arrange adequate supply of water for the project purpose throughout the construction period. Not obtain water for project purposes, including for labour camps, from public or community water supply schemes without a prior approval from the relevant authority (same as above)..  Construction over the seasonal streams shall be undertaken in dry period.  Apply best management practices to control contamination of run-off water during maintenance & operation of equipment.  Maintain adequate distance between stockpiles & water bodies to control effects to natural drainage paths.  Minimize wastage of water in the construction process / operations. Educate & make employees aware on water conservation, waste minimization & safe disposal of waste. 81 4.1.6 Noise Pollution due to Operation of heavy vehicles & equipment (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) Occurrence of Noise Pollution due to operation of heavy vehicles & equipment There are number of noise sensitive sites along the road (closely located). These locations are identified in the EMP. Excessive noise due to operation of heavy vehicles & equipment is a public nuisance and will interfere with activities of hospitals, school, religious places and sensitive institutions. To avoid / control noise pollution due to operation of heavy vehicles & equipment, it is recommended to apply following remedial measures.  Repairing vehicles, machinery & equipment shall be done & stationed only in the areas of work & in any other designated areas by the DE. Instruction & advice should be given to drivers & operators (both company owned & hired) to park vehicles & equipment in the areas of work or designated areas by Engineer..  Working duration will be limited to 7 am -6 pm. Noise limit for construction equipment, such as compactors, rollers, front end loaders, concrete mixtures, cranes, vibrators & saws shall not exceed 75 dB (A).  All machinery and equipment should be well maintained and fitted with noise reduction devices in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.  The operation of noisy machinery and equipment should be avoided during night and during noise sensitive times of the day. 4.1.7 Air Pollution - Due to Dust Generation (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) Air pollution is expected due to dust generation during road construction. To avoid / control air pollution due to dust generation, it is recommended to apply following remedial measures. 82  The contractor shall effectively manage the dust generating activities such as top soil removal, handling and transporting sand, rubble, bitumen, and cement during periods of high winds or during more stable conditions with winds directed towards adjacent residences and other facilities.  All stockpiles shall be located sufficiently away from sensitive receptors.  All vehicles delivering materials shall be covered to avoid spillage and dust emission.  The contractor should avoid, where possible and take suitable action to prevent dirt and mud being carried to the roads (particularly following wet weather).  The contractor should enforce vehicle speed limits to minimize dust generation.  The Contractor shall employ a water truck to sprinkle water for dust suppression on all exposed areas as required (note: the use of waste water / waste oil for dust suppression is prohibited)  All cleared areas shall be rehabilitated progressively.  All earthwork shall be protected in a manner acceptable to the minimize generation of dust.  All existing highways and roads used by vehicles of the contractor, or any of his sub-contractor or supplies of materials or plant and similarly roads which are part of the works shall be kept clean and clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped by such vehicles or their tyres. - Due to Emissions from Hot-Mix Plants and Batching Plants (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) Air pollution is expected due to emissions from hot-mix plants and batching plants. To avoid / control air pollution due to emissions from hot-mix plants and batching plants, it is recommended to apply following remedial measures.  The hot mix plants and batching plants shall be sited in accordance with CEA guidelines. It is recommended that hot mix plants and batching plants to be located sufficiently away from noise sensitive sites (Annex – VII of EMP).. 83  Citing of hot-mix plants requires an Environmental Protection License (EPL) from CEA and it imposes environmental conditions for the design and operation of the plant.  The exhaust gases shall comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislation. All operations at plants shall be undertaken in accordance with all current rules and regulations protecting the environment as well as the conditions given in the EPL. - Due to Odour & Offensive Smells (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) Air pollution is expected due to emission from hot-mix plants and batching plants. To avoid / control air pollution due to odour & offensive smells, it is recommended to apply following remedial measures.  Contractor shall take all precautions such as storing all chemicals used for construction works in properly closed containers with good ventilations to prevent odour and offensive smell emanating from chemicals and processes applied in construction works or from labour camps. In a situation when/where odour or offensive smell does occur contractor shall take immediate action to rectify the situation. Contractor is responsible for any compensation involved with any health issue arisen out of bad odour and offensive smells.  The waste disposal and sewerage treatment system for the labour camps shall be properly designed, built and operated so that no odour is generated. Compliance with the regulations on health and safety as well as CEA and LA guidelines shall be strictly adhered to. - Due to Emissions from Construction Vehicles , Equipment & Machinery (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) Air pollution is expected due to emission from construction vehicles , equipment & machinery 84 To avoid / control air pollution due to emission from construction vehicles , equipment & machinery, it is recommended to apply following remedial measures.  The emission standards promulgated under the National Environment Act shall be strictly adhered to.  All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction shall be regularly serviced and well maintained to ensure that emission levels comply with the relevant standards.  Contractor should obtain the certificate issued by the Vehicular Emission Test (VET) for all construction vehicles, plants and other machineries and it should be renewed annually 4.1.8 Protection of Cultural & Religious Places & Properties (Indirect, Short Term, Negative Impact) Damages may happen to cultural & religious places & properties during construction stage. To avoid / control damages to any cultural & religious places & properties during construction stage, it is recommended to apply following remedial measures.  During construction activities the contractor should take all necessary and adequate care to minimize impacts on cultural properties which includes cultural sites and remains, places of worship including temples, mosques, churches and shrines (Cultural & religious sites are given in Annex – VII of the EMP).  Workers should not be allowed to trespass in to such areas. 4.1.9 Traffic Management (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) Disruption to road users may be encountered during construction. This is expected due to closure of some road sections for traffic during construction activities. 85 To avoid / control expected impacts due to disruption to traffic during road construction stage, it is recommended to apply following remedial measures.  Temporary access will be provided when permanent access is blocked for construction. When construction work is in progress in one side, the other side will be opened for traffic & properly trained flagmen will be made available with proper sign boards for control vehicles. At the end of each day, debris that blocked access path will be cleared away under the supervision of a supervisor  Use of road signs, barricades, cones & trained flagmen. All sign barricades, pavement markings used for traffic management shall be cleared to the standards approved by Police. Provision for traffic safety measures shall be considered incidental to work & follow ICTAD guidelines & any instructions given by the Police.  The contractor shall ensure that the running surface is always properly maintained, particularly during monsoon rainy period. So that disruption to traffic will be minimized.  Temporary traffic detours shall be kept free of dust by frequent application of water. Personnel used for traffic control by the contractor shall be properly trained & provided with proper gear including communication equipment, luminous jackets for night use. Instructions & advice to be given to workers to implement safety at site. 4.1.10 Disposal of Harmful Construction Wastes (Indirect, Short Term, Negative Impact) Impacts due to risk of contamination and accidents by fuel may be encountered during road construction. To overcome these impacts, it is recommended to adhere following remedial measures.  Contractor prior to the commencement of work shall provide list of harmful, hazardous and risky chemicals/ material that will be used in the project work to the Engineer. Contractor shall also provide the list of 86 places where such chemicals/materials or their containers or other harmful materials have been dumped as waste at the end of the project.  All disposal sites should be approved by the engineer and approved by CEA and relevant local authority.  The contractor shall make arrangements to ensure such harmeful wastes are contained within the disposal site and will not move into adjacent areas  The contractor shall clean up any area including water-bodies affected/ contaminated (if any) as directed by the engineer at his own cost 4.1.11 Storage & Handling of Construction Materials (Direct, Long Term, Negative Impact) Impacts are expected due to storage and handling of construction materials To overcome these impacts, it is recommended to adhere following remedial measures.  Storage locations of sand, metal, soil should be located away from settlements and other sensitive receptors and covered (with artificial barriers or natural vegetation).  All access roads within the storage site should be sprinkled with water for dust suspension.  All cement, bitumen (barrels), oil and other chemicals should be stored and handled on an impervious surface (concrete slab) above ground level.  Storage facility of cement, bitumen (barrels), oil and other chemicals should be an enclosed structure ensuring that no storm water flows in to the structure.  A ridge should be placed around the storage facility to avoid runoff getting in to the structure.  Adequate ventilation should be kept to avoid accumulation of fumes and offensive odour that could be harmful to material handlers. 87 4.1.12 Flooding (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) Flooding is expected due to blocking of drainage paths and leaderways. Flood related impacts are expected when working in flood prone areas To overcome these impacts, it is recommended to adhere following remedial measures.  Contractor’s activities shall not lead to flooding conditions as a result of blocked drainage paths and drains. The contractor shall take all measures necessary or as directed by the Engineer to keep all drainage paths and drains clear of blockage at all times.  If flooding or stagnation of water is caused by contractor’s activities, contractors shall provide suitable means to (a) prevent loss of access to any land or property and (b) prevent damage to land and property. Contractor shall compensate for any loss of income or damage as a result  Contractor’s activities shall not lead to aggravate floods in flood prone areas when working in flood prone areas.  When working in flood prone areas during rainy season the contractor shall avoid storing materials, chemicals and other items of work in areas where those can be washed away by the floods. Currently the road does not have good side drainage system, including leaderways to drain rain water properly. The existing culverts, side drains and leaderways are partly filled with debris materials and are partly damaged. In some sections of the side drains, water is logged due to blocky nature. As a result, during high rainy season, mainly in SW monsoonal rainy season, some sections of the road and its side roads and part of the houses along the road trace are get flooded. Some house holders mentioned that the flood situation occurs in every year and it is a very difficult situation for them. They insisted to develop good drainage system in either side of the road and erect built-up leaderways to cope up with high water flow during rainy season, concurrently with road development. 88 By implementing these mitigatory measures, it would be possible to control flooding along the road trace and in surrounding areas.. 4.1.13 Labour Camps (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) The labour camps can be an environment hazard and a nuisance if they are not properly sited and hygienically maintained. The labor camps should not be established close to socially sensitive places such as close to schools, religious places and the environmentally sensitive places such as water bodies. All labor camps should be provided with proper sanitation, i.e. water supply and waste water disposal including sewage. Solid waste should be collected and regularly disposed at LA disposal sites. 4.1.14 Disposal of Spoil (Direct, Long Term, Negative Impact) Inappropriate disposal of spoil can result in environment problems such as siltation of water ways and blocking of drainage paths, deterioration in water quality and unauthorized land-fill of wetlands. In general there is a high demand for such material. However; care should be exercised to ensure that such materials are not used in an unauthorized manner e.g. filling of wetlands. The contractor should maintain a stockpile spoil material at one or more suitable locations for release to those who need the material provided it can be assured it is for an environmentally acceptable purpose. Otherwise the contractor should dispose the spoil at a LA dumpsite or other suitable site having the approval of LA. The contractor shall make arrangements disposal sites be provided with sufficient provision to drain away water to avoid flodding of and sedimanetation due to soil erosion into adjacent areas. Some of the proposed locations for disposal of debris and spoil are mentioned in Annex – III of EMP. These proposed disposal sites are subjected to approval of Engineer and LA. 4.1.15 Construction Machinery (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) The oil and the grease released at service and vehicle repair and maintenance places commonly pollute water-bodies. In order to prevent this, the contractor 89 should ensure that old waste oil, grease etc from vehicle repair and service depots should be collected and properly disposed of. It is noted that waste oil has a value in the recycling market. The wastewater from these operations should be passed through a sedimentation basin to trap the silt and other deleterious products. 4.1.16 Work on Culverts over Minor Streams (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) The work involved with these structures can pollute water quality of streams during construction activities, temporarily affecting people using the stream or river for bathing and washing. The contractor should take appropriate measures to minimize water pollution during construction. 4.1.17 Removal of Sections of Boundary Walls and Temporary Boutiques and Houses Built within Road Reservation (Direct, Short Term, Negative Impact) This impact will not arise, as none of the existing structures along roadsides or its reservation will be removed or disturbed under this project. 4.1.18 Use of Sand (Direct, Long Term, Negative Impact) All sand mining places must have valid mining licenses obtained from the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB). The maintenance and the rehabilitation of the access roads in the event of damage by the contractor’s operations should be addressed through the project. 4.1.19 Rock Quarries (Direct, Long Term, Negative Impact) All rock quarrying places must have valid mining licenses obtained from the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB) and Environmental clearance from the Central Environmental Authority (CEA). The maintenance and the rehabilitation of the access roads in the event of damage by the contractor’s operations should be addressed through the project. 90 4.1.20 Burrow Pits (Direct, Long Term, Negative Impact) All burrow pits must have valid mining licenses obtained from the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB) and Environmental clearance from the Central Environmental Authority (CEA). The maintenance and the rehabilitation of the access roads in the event of damage by the contractor’s operations should be addressed through the project. 4.1.21 Impacts on Existing Biological Environment (Direct, Long Term, Negative Impact) The proposed project areas have very little natural biological environment. Immediate vicinity of the proposed road sections have man modified environment. Fauna and flora recorded from immediate environment during the study are weedy and common species that are found in man modified habitats. Therefore by considering above facts, it can be concluded that the impact due to the proposed project activities on immediate biological environment is low and negligible. However project developer or contractor should follow best practices at all times during the construction of this project. 4.2 Operational Stage 4.2.1 Stagnation of water at culverts during heavy rains due to siltation and blocking of openings with debris (Direct, Long Term, Negative Impact) To overcome these impacts, it is recommended to adhere following remedial measures.  Regular clearing/ cleaning and maintenance of all culverts to reduce the chances of failures and blocking due to debris. Maintenance manual of PRDA should be followed to maintain the road drainage system 91 4.2.2 Road safety (Direct, LongTerm, Negative Impact) To overcome expected impacts due to road safety, it is recommended to adhere following remedial measures.  All road furniture described under item 15 of construction stage should be maintained by RDA  A management plan should be formulated with the local police to avoid any vehicle to carry loads that exceed the carrying capacity (load) of the rehabilitated road.  Weigh stations could be introduced at selected locations to measure the load of vehicle. 4.2.3 Encroachment of new ROW (Direct, Long Term, Negative Impact) To overcome expected impacts due to encroachment of new ROW, it is recommended to adhere following remedial measures.  Continuous monitoring and strict regulations should be followed to avoid the encroachment. Executive Engineers under direct supervision of Chief Engineer and Provincial Director should conduct regular checking along the road and remove any unauthorized activities within the ROW. 92 CHAPTER - 5 ROAD SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Road specific Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was prepared for the Rehabilitating and Upgrading the Selected Sections of Galle Road (A 002 Road) from Maliban Junction (13+350) to Nalluruwa Junction (30+000). These sections are as follows. 1. Road Section – 1 (A – 002 Road): (from Maliban Junction – 13+350) to Kurusa Junction – 18+450) 2. Road Section – 2 (A – 011 Road): (from Kurusa Junction – 0+000) to Panadura Bridge Junction – 6+800) 3. Road Section – 3 (A – 002 Road): (from Panadura Bridge Junction – 25+250) to Nalluruwa 30th km Post Junction – 30+000) The EMP is submitted as a separate report with this EA report. 93 CHAPTER - 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study was undertaken to prepare road specific EA and EMP reports for rehabilitating and upgrading the selected sections of Galle Road (A 002 Road) from Maliban Junction (13+350) to Nalluruwa Junction (30+000). Rehabilitating and improving of selected sections of Galle Road from Maliban Junction (13+350) to Kurusa Junction (A 002 Road), Kurusa Junction to Panadura Bridge Junction (AB 011 Road) & Panadura Bridge Junction to Nalluruwa Junction (A 002 Road) (30+000) will be conducted through a strategic study in order to facilitate economic activity in the areas served and provides users with better road safety conditions and proper facilities. The construction activities would involve a labour force of about 75 skilled and unskilled workers. Unskilled workers are the largest component of the work force. Therefore there will be a significant opportunity for local employment. Presently, considerable number of people in the area is unemployed. A systematic employment programme will be organized with the assistance of Ratmalana, Moratuwa and Panadura Divisional Secretariat Divisions and Village Development Societies to offer employment opportunities in a proper manner. To run the site office during construction work, 1 - Project Manager, 6 – Civil Engineers, 12 - Technical Officers, 15 – Supervisors, 2 - Accounts Assistant, 10 - Office and Stores Staff will also be employed. Significant adverse impacts on natural / social environment are not expected by implementation of this project. This is mainly because the project is a relatively small development project, spreads in a very small land area. Only minor scale negative impacts such as soil erosion, siltation, sediment run off, noise and air pollution, emission of vehicle fumes and dust generation are expected during the construction period of this project. These minor scale 94 negative impacts could be minimized or compensated by adopting proposed mitigatory measures. The positive impacts of the project far outweigh the negative impacts and therefore it is recommended that proposed development work of selected sections of Galle Road (A 002 Road) from Maliban Junction (13+350) to Nalluruwa Junction (30+000) should go ahead. It is highly recommended to implement the proposed monitoring plan to ensure that the proposed mitigatory measures are properly implemented. This will enable to detect any undesirable side effects at an early stage. The contractor has to play a leading role in facilitating environmental management of the project site. Funding for this is to be borne by the project. The contractor will have to work in collaboration with relevant government link agencies, on matters related to environment management. The RDA / PMU should take the leadership role in the monitoring process. The monitoring team will monitor all the activities of project proponent’s monitoring plan. Presence of a geologist, soil scientist, ecologist, sociologist, hydrologist and a civil engineer is a must for the monitoring team By implementing the proposed Environmental Management Plan (EMP) during the construction and operational phases, most of the expected impacts could be mitigated. Road specific EMP is produced as a separate report. Note: Within 500m radius of the proposed road, no environmentally sensitive sites such as Forest Reserves, Wildlife Parks, Landslide Prone Areas or Archaeological Sites are encountered. However, Bolgoda Lake, Bolgoda Ganga and Sea are located within the 500m radius. Bolgoda Ganga (Plate – XII) crosses the road near Panadura. Distances to closest environmentally sensitive sites from the road trace with distances are as follows. 95 Bolgoda Lake, - 0.75 – 1.25km Lunawa Lagoon - 0.6 – 0.8 km Pinwatta Ela - 0.6 – 0.8 km Sea - 30 – 50m Environmentally sensitive sites located within 500m distance from the road trace were discussed under respective sections of this report and mitigatory measures were proposed to mitigate identified and expected impacts. 96 CHAPTER – 7 LIST OF REFERENCES Bambaradeniya, C.N.B. (Editor). (2006). Fauna of Sri Lanka: status of Taxonomy, Research & Conservation. The World Conservation Union, Colombo, Sri Lanka & Government of Sri Lanka. Viii + 308pp. IUCN (2004). The list of threatened species. WWW.IUCN.redlist.org IUCN Sri Lanka (2000). The 1999 List of Threatened Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka. Colombo: IUCN Sri Lanka viii + 114 pp. Senaratna, L.K. (2001). A check list of the flowering plants of Sri Lanka. national Science Foundation, Colombo 451pp. Red List of Threatened Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka - 2007 Geological Map of Colombo - Ratnapura on 1:100,000 scale (Sheet No. 16) published by the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB) in 1995 Geological Map of Colombo and Kalutara on 1:50,000 scale, published by the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB) in 1995 Annual Report 2010, Central Bank of Sri Lanka Environmental Atlas of Sri Lanka, Central Environmental Authority, 2005 Topographic map sheets (1:50000 scale); Department of Survey: Colombo & Kalutara WB Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2007) http://www.agriculture.gov.lk 97 Census of Population and Housing 2001, Department of Census and Statistics Data collected from DS Divisions, Ratmalana, Moratuwa and Panadura Data collected from Dehiwala – Galkissa Municipal Council, Moratuwa Urban Council, Panadura Urban Council and Panadura Pradeshiya Sabha. Mining License data collected from GSMB Head Office and Kalutara Regional Office 98 ANNEXES Annex A: Terrestrial and Aquatic Flora Recorded ABBREVIATIONS HA – Habit, T – Tree, S – Shrub, H – Herbaceous, C – Climber or Creeper, ST – Status, E – Endemic, N – Native, I – Introduced, RS – Roadsides, HG – Home Gardens and other Anthropogenic Sites, BE – Beach, RI – River and Associated Vegetation H S R H B R Family Species Local Name A T S G E I Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera Gas Karal Heba H N + Amaranthaceae Alternanthera sessilis Mukunu Wenna H N + Amaranthaceae Amaranthus viridis Kura Thampala H N + Gomphrena Amaranthaceae celosioides H I + Amaryllidaceae Crinum asiaticum Tolabo H N + Anacardium Anacardiaceae occidentale Cadju T I + Anacardiaceae Lannea coromandelica Hik T N + + Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Amba T I + + Anacardiaceae Spondias dulcis Amberella T I + Annonaceae Annona glabra Wel Atha T I + Annonaceae Polyalthia longifolia Owila T N + + Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris Ruk Attana T N + + Apocynaceae Plumeria obtusa Araliya T I + + Apocynaceae Plumeria rubra Ratu Araliya T I + Tabernaemontana Apocynaceae divaricata Watu Sudda S I + Apocynaceae Thevetia peruviana Kaha Kaduru T I + Araceae Alocasia macrorrhizos Habarala H I + 99 H S R H B R Family Species Local Name A T S G E I Araceae Colocasia esculenta Gahala H N + Arecaceae Areca catechu Puwak T N + Arecaceae Cocos nucifera Pol T N + + Asclepiadaceae Calotropis gigantea Wara S N + Asteraceae Eclipta prostrata Kikirindiya H N + Asteraceae Tridax procumbens H I + + Monara Asteraceae Vernonia cinerea Kudumbiya H N + Bignoniaceae Tabebuia rosea T I + + Bombacaceae Ceiba pentandra Pulun T I + Capparaceae Cleome rutidosperma H I + Caricaceae Carica papaya Gas Labu T I + Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia Kasa T I + + Calophyllum Clusiaceae inophyllum Domba T N + Combretaceae Terminalia catappa Kottan T I + + + Convolvulaceae Argyreia populifolia Giritilla C E + Mudu Bin Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pes-caprae Thamburu C N + Cyperaceae Cyperus spp. H N + Cyperaceae Fimbristylis spp. H N + Euphorbiaceae Acalypha indica Kuppameniya H N + Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia hirta Budadakiriya H N + Euphorbiaceae Flueggea leucopyrus Katu Pila S N + Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis Beheth Endaru S I + Fabaceae Acacia mangium T I + + 100 H S R H B R Family Species Local Name A T S G E I Fabaceae Acacia melanoxylon T I + + Fabaceae Alysicarpus vaginalis Aswenna H N + Fabaceae Cassia fistula Ehela T N + Fabaceae Cassia occidentalis Ath Tora H N + Fabaceae Clitoria ternatea Katurodu C N + + Fabaceae Delonix regia May Mara T I + + Leucaena Fabaceae leucocephala Ipil Ipil T I + + Peltophorum Fabaceae pterocarpum T N + + Fabaceae Pterocarpus indicus T I + Fabaceae Samanea saman Para Mara T I + Fabaceae Tamarindus indica Siyabala T I + Lecythidaceae Barringtonia asiatica Diya Midella T N + + Malvaceae Sida acuta Gas Bavila H N + Malvaceae Thespesia populnea Suriya T N + + Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Kohomba T N + + Meliaceae Swietenia macrophylla Mahogani T I + Artocarpus Moraceae heterophyllus Kos T I + Moraceae Artocarpus incisus Del T I + Moraceae Ficus benghalensis Nuga T N + Moraceae Ficus racemosa Attikka T N + Moraceae Ficus religiosa Bo T I + + Moraceae Ficus sp. Nuga T N + Moringaceae Moringa oleifer Murunga T I + 101 H S R H B R Family Species Local Name A T S G E I Musaceae Musa x paradisiaca Kesel T I + Myrtaceae Eucalyptus sp. T I + Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia diffusa H N + + Nyctaginaceae Pisonia grandis Wathabanga T N + + Pandanus Pandanaceae odoratissimus S N + Passifloraceae Passiflora foetida C I + Poaceae Cynodon dactylon Ruha H N + Poaceae Panicum maximum Rata Tana H I + Poaceae Phragmites karka S N + Polygonaceae Antigonon leptopus C I + + Pontederiaceae Eichhornia crassipes Japan Jabara H I + Portulacaceae Portulaca sp. H N + Rhizophoracea e Bruguiera sp. Mal Kadol T N + Rhizophoracea e Rhizophora mucronata Kadol T N + Rubiaceae Oldenlandia sp. H N + Rubiaceae Richardia brasiliensis H I + Rutaceae Aegle marmelos Beli T I + Rutaceae Limonia acidissima Divul T N + Rutaceae Murraya koenigii Karapincha T N + Sapindaceae Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya T N + + Scrophulariace ae Scoparia dulcis H I + Sonneratiaceae Sonneratia caseolaris Kirala T N + 102 H S R H B R Family Species Local Name A T S G E I Sterculiaceae Sterculia foetida Telambu T N + Tiliaceae Muntingia calabura Jam T I + + Verbenaceae Gmelina arborea Ath Demata T N + Verbenaceae Premna obtusifolia Maha Midi S N + Verbenaceae Tectona grandis Thekka T I + Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris H N + 103 Annex B: Terrestrial and Aquatic Fauna Recorded ABBREVIATIONS: BrR – Breeding Resident BIRDS C Family Scientific Name English Name TS S Accipitridae Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite BrR Accipitridae Spilornis cheela Crested Serpent Eagle BrR Alcedinidae Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher BrR White-throated Alcedinidae Halcyon smyrnensis Kingfisher BrR Ardeidae Ardea purpurea Purple Heron BrR Ardeidae Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron BrR Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret BrR Ardeidae Casmerodius albus Great Egret BrR Ardeidae Egretta garzetta Little Egret BrR Ciconiidae Anastomus oscitans Asian Openbill BrR Columbidae Columba livia Rock Pigeon BrR Columbidae Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove BrR Corvidae Corvus levaillantii Large-billed Crow BrR Corvidae Corvus splendens House Crow BrR Cuculidae Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal BrR Cuculidae Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel BrR Pale-billed Dicaeidae Dicaeum erythrorhynchos Flowerpecker BrR Dicaeidae Dicrurus caerulescens White-bellied Drongo BrR Muscicapidae Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin BrR 104 Purple-rumped Nectariniidae Nectarina zeylonica Sunbird BrR Oriolidae Oriolus xanthornus Black-hooded Oriole BrR Phalacrocoracid ae Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant BrR Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul BrR Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus luteolus White-browed Bulbul BrR White-breasted Rallidae Amaurornis phoenicurus Waterhen BrR Ramphastidae Megalaima zeylanica Brown-headed Barbet BrR Sturnidae Acridotheres tristis Common Myna BrR Sylviidae Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailorbird BrR Timalidae Turdoides affinis Yellow-billed Babbler BrR BUTTERFLIES C Family Scientific Name English Name TS S Indigenou Nymphalidae Danaus chrysippus Plain tiger s Indigenou Nymphalidae Junonia iphita Chocolate soldier s Indigenou Nymphalidae Neptis hylas Common sailor s Indigenou Nymphalidae Parantica aglea Glassy tiger s Indigenou Nymphalidae Ypthima ceylonica White four-ring s Indigenou Papilionidae Pachliopta hector Crimson rose s Indigenou Papilionidae Papilio polytes Common mormon s 105 Indigenou Pieridae Appias paulina Lesser albatross s Indigenou Pieridae Delias eucharis Jezebel s Indigenou Pieridae Eurema hecabe Common grass yellow s Indigenou Pieridae Leptosia nina Psyche s DRAGONFLIES C Family Scientific Name English Name TS S Ceriagrion Indigenou Coenagrionidae coromandelianum Yellow Waxtail s Indigenou Libellulidae Brachythmis contaminata Asian Groundling s Indigenou Libellulidae Orthetrum sabina Green Skimmer s Indigenou Libellulidae Rhyothemis variegata Varigated Flutter s Indigenou Libellulidae Urothemis signata Scarlet Basker s MAMMALS C Family Scientific Name English Name TS S Indigenou Pteropodidae Pteropus giganteus Flying fox s Indigenou Sciuridae Funambulus palmarum Palm squirrel s REPTILES 106 C Family Scientific Name English Name TS S Indigenou Agamidae Calotes calotes Green garden lizard s Indigenou Agamidae Calotes versicolor Common garden lizard s Indigenou Varanidae Varanus salvator Water monitor s AMPHIBIANS C Family Scientific Name English Name TS S Duttaphrynus Bufonidae melanostictus Common house toad Endemic FISHES C Family Scientific Name English Name TS S Indigenou Aplocheilidae Aplocheilus parvus Dwarf panchax s Indigenou Channidae Channa striata Murrel s Indigenou Cichlidae Etroplus suratensis Pearl spot s Cichlidae Oreochromis mosambicus Tilapia Exotic Heteropneustida Indigenou e Heteropneustes fossilis Stinging catfish s Pterygoplichthys Loricaridaedae multiradiatus Sucker mouth cat fish Exotic Poeciliidae Poecilia reticulata Guppy Exotic 107 MOLLUSCA C Family Scientific Name English Name TS S Achatinidae Achatina fulica Exotic Ampullariidae Pomacea canaliculata Golden Apple Snail Exotic 108 Annex - C: Trees to be Removed or Affected ABBREVIATIONS: RHS – Right Hand Side, LHS – Left Hand Side, C – Centre, BC – Cutting Branches, RE – Remove, E – Electricity , T – Telephone, V - Vehicles Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for A 2 Road 13+400 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC T RH 13+430 S Ficus religiosa Boo I BC T RH 13+435 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T LH 13+435 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 13+440 S Ficus religiosa Boo I BC T 13+440 C Tabebuia rosea I BC E RH 13+445 S Tamarindus indica Siyabala I BC T Maha 13+465 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V RH 13+490 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E Maha 13+525 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V Maha 13+565 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V LH 13+600 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC E Maha 13+630 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V 13+720 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC E 13+770 C Tabebuia rosea I BC E Maha 13+785 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V Peltophorum 13+950 C pterocarpum N BC E Maha 14+010 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC E Peltophorum 14+050 C pterocarpum N BC E/T 14+065 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC E/T 109 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for Peltophorum 14+075 C pterocarpum N BC V 14+095 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC T 14+175 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V RH Artocarpus 14+230 S heterophyllus Kos I BC T RH 14+235 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC T RH Artocarpus 14+247 S heterophyllus Kos I BC T LH 14+270 S Spondias dulcis Amberella I BC T LH 14+275 S Spondias dulcis Amberella I BC T LH 14+280 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T LH 14+285 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T RH Artocarpus 14+355 S heterophyllus Kos I BC E/T RH 14+405 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E RH 14+415 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E RH 14+425 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E RH 14+432 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E RH 14+440 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E RH 14+475 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 14+485 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 14+560 S Samanea saman Para Mara I BC V LH 14+565 S Samanea saman Para Mara I BC E LH 14+585 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC E LH 14+595 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC E 14+600 C Ficus benghalensis Maha N BC V 110 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for Nuga LH 14+605 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC V RH 14+605 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T 14+608 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V RH 14+615 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T LH 14+650 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T LH 14+655 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T RH 14+665 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T LH 14+690 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T LH 14+710 S Casuarina equisetifolia Kasa I BC T LH 14+718 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T LH 14+725 S Tabebuia rosea I BC T LH 14+770 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V LH 14+775 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V LH 14+778 S Tabebuia rosea I BC V LH 14+968 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC T LH 14+970 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T LH 14+975 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T LH 14+980 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T LH 14+985 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T LH 15+060 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E/T LH 15+070 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/T 15+075 LH Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/T 111 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for S 15+100 C Tabebuia rosea I BC E/T/V Maha 15+160 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V LH 15+180 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E/T/V LH Artocarpus 15+190 S heterophyllus Kos I BC E/T LH 15+195 S Polyalthia longifolia Owila N BC E/T 15+203 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V LH 15+211 S Polyalthia longifolia Owila N BC E/T LH Anacardium 15+215 S occidentale Cadju I BC E/T LH 15+216 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC E/T LH 15+220 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC T RH Maha 15+240 S Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC E/V 15+260 C Tabebuia rosea I BC E/V 15+290 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+300 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V RH 15+355 S Sterculia foetida Telambu N BC E/T LH 15+356 S Tabebuia rosea I BC T/V RH 15+380 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V LH 15+430 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 15+432 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E LH 15+440 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E LH 15+445 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E 15+445 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+460 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V RH 15+460 S Delonix regia May Mara I BC E 112 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for LH 15+460 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E RH 15+475 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 15+485 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V LH 15+485 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 15+485 S Tectona grandis Thekka I BC E 15+500 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+550 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V LH 15+550 S Tabebuia rosea I BC E RH 15+570 S Muntingia calabura Jam I BC E LH Ath 15+580 S Gmelina arborea Demata N BC E LH 15+590 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 15+618 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC E LH 15+620 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC E/V LH 15+623 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 15+650 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 15+655 S Tabebuia rosea I BC V RH 15+680 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 15+697 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V RH 15+720 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E Maha 15+750 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V 15+825 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+870 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V Maha 15+880 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V LH 15+880 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 15+895 LH Acacia melanoxylon I BC E 113 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for S 15+910 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+935 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+965 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V Maha 16+025 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V 16+105 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC V 16+135 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V LH 16+150 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T RH 16+160 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 16+170 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V LH 16+180 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E RH 16+190 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 16+205 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E Maha 16+280 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V 16+310 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 16+345 C Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V RH 16+340 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 16+365 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E Maha 16+415 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V LH 16+425 S Alstonia scholaris Ruk Attana N BC E LH 16+438 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 16+445 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V RH 16+450 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V RH 16+465 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V RH 16+470 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V 16+477 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 16+490 RH Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V 114 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for S RH Maha 16+495 S Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC T RH 16+600 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V RH 16+610 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V 16+615 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V RH 16+620 S Alstonia scholaris Ruk Attana N BC T/V RH 16+623 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V RH 16+630 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V RH 16+645 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V RH 16+660 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V RH 16+690 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V RH 16+715 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC V RH 16+725 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 16+733 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 16+775 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V RH 16+800 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T RH 16+810 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V 16+830 C Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E Maha 16+960 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V Maha 16+970 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V 17+000 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V Maha 17+010 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V RH 17+015 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V RH 17+025 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V 17+035 C Tabebuia rosea I RE V 115 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for 17+050 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+060 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC E/V 17+115 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V Maha 17+150 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC E/V 17+165 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+195 C Samanea saman Para Mara I BC V 17+200 C Ficus sp. Nuga N BC V 17+215 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+240 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V RH 17+240 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E 17+275 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC V 17+300 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC V 17+320 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V RH 17+320 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E 17+325 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+400 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+410 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+455 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+490 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC V LH 17+540 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 17+543 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V RH 17+550 S Casuarina equisetifolia Kasa I BC E 17+555 C Azadirachta indica Kohomba N BC V 17+595 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+620 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+635 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+720 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+740 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V RH 17+755 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V Maha 17+790 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V 17+800 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+860 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+863 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 17+920 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 116 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for 17+940 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC V 17+950 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+970 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 17+975 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 17+980 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 17+985 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+000 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+005 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V Maha 18+040 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V 18+130 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V Maha 18+150 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V 18+160 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC V 18+180 C Ficus sp. Nuga N BC V 18+195 C Ficus sp. Nuga N BC V 18+200 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V Maha 18+280 C Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC V 18+288 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+320 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+340 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+355 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+370 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+410 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V LH 25+295 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 25+600 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E RH 25+860 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC V RH Peltophorum 25+950 S pterocarpum N BC V RH 26+100 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E LH 26+185 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V RH 26+270 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 26+300 LH Peltophorum N BC E/T 117 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for S pterocarpum LH 26+475 S Lannea coromandelica Hik N BC E RH 26+500 S Cocos nucifera Pol N BC T RH 26+530 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC V RH 26+535 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC V RH 26+560 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V RH 26+775 S Ficus religiosa Boo I BC V RH 26+835 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 26+950 S Alstonia scholaris Ruk Attana N BC V RH 26+985 S Ceiba pentandra Pulun I BC V RH 27+000 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V RH 27+010 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V RH 27+135 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V RH 27+160 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V LH 27+197 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E/V LH Leucaena 27+298 S leucocephala Ipil Ipil I BC E/V LH 27+305 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V RH 27+408 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V RH 27+420 S Muntingia calabura Jam I BC E/V RH 27+430 S Delonix regia May Mara I BC E/V RH 27+425 S Delonix regia May Mara I BC E/V RH 27+580 S Polyalthia longifolia Owila N BC E 118 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for RH 27+585 S Tectona grandis Thekka I BC E RH 27+595 S Tectona grandis Thekka I BC E RH 27+600 S Polyalthia longifolia Owila N BC E RH 27+603 S Polyalthia longifolia Owila N BC E RH 27+670 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V LH 27+725 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V LH 27+740 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V RH Leucaena 27+775 S leucocephala Ipil Ipil I RE E/V RH Leucaena 27+777 S leucocephala Ipil Ipil I BC E/V LH 27+800 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V RH 27+800 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V RH 27+825 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V LH 27+830 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V RH 27+840 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V RH 27+850 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V RH 27+900 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V LH 27+935 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V LH 27+950 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V LH 27+960 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V RH 27+960 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E/V RH 27+965 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E/V 27+980 RH Tectona grandis Thekka I BC E/V 119 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for S RH 27+985 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC E/V RH 27+990 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E/V RH Maha 28+015 S Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC E/V RH Maha 28+020 S Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC E/V LH 28+110 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V RH 28+135 S Tabebuia rosea I BC E/V LH 28+240 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T/V LH 28+245 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T/V LH 28+405 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/T LH Maha 28+475 S Ficus benghalensis Nuga N BC E/T RH 28+725 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T/V RH 28+775 S Cassia fistula Ehela N BC E/T/V LH 28+850 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T/V LH 28+855 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T/V LH 28+920 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V LH 28+925 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V RH 28+940 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T RH 28+955 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T/V RH 29+000 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T/V RH 29+050 S Polyalthia longifolia Owila N BC T RH 29+090 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T/V 120 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for LH 29+155 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T RH Artocarpus 29+200 S heterophyllus Kos I BC T RH 29+225 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC T RH 29+230 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC T RH 29+280 S Plumeria obtusa Araliya I BC T/V LH 29+325 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V RH 29+385 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC T/V LH 29+400 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V RH 29+430 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T/V RH 29+455 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T RH 29+470 S Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC T/V LH 29+540 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T RH 29+550 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V LH 29+570 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V RH 29+615 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T/V RH 29+622 S Limonia acidissima Divul N BC T RH 29+650 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T/V LH 29+685 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V RH Artocarpus 29+725 S heterophyllus Kos I BC T/V RH 29+755 S Swietenia macrophylla Mahogani I BC T/V RH 29+760 S Swietenia macrophylla Mahogani I BC T/V 29+761 RH Swietenia macrophylla Mahogani I BC T/V 121 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for S RH 29+762 S Swietenia macrophylla Mahogani I BC T/V RH 29+780 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC T RH 29+910 S Cassia fistula Ehela N BC T/V AB 11 Road 0+029 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 0+033 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 0+115 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 0+123 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+138 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 0+150 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 0+190 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V LH 0+320 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 0+325 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+343 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 0+355 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 0+405 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V RH 0+425 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 0+550 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH Diya 0+590 S Barringtonia asiatica Midella N BC E RH 0+595 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 0+690 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+695 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+700 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+740 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V RH 0+750 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 0+810 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 0+825 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+835 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+875 LH Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 122 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for S LH 0+883 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V LH 0+990 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V LH 1+035 S Ficus religiosa Boo I BC E/V LH 1+105 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V LH 1+240 S Acacia melanoxylon I BC E LH 1+255 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 1+475 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 1+535 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 1+555 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 1+580 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 1+790 S Cocos nucifera Pol N BC E LH 1+800 S Cocos nucifera Pol N BC E RH 1+850 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 1+985 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 2+050 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V RH 2+055 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 2+060 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 2+065 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 2+100 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 2+120 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 2+128 S Ficus religiosa Boo I BC E 2+200 RH Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 123 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for S RH 2+320 S Ficus religiosa Boo I BC E LH 2+350 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I RE E RH 2+380 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 2+525 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 2+605 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 2+740 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 2+750 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 2+800 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 3+335 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 3+340 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 4+180 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 4+195 S Thespesia populnea Suriya N BC E RH Calophyllum 4+275 S inophyllum Domba N BC E RH 5+900 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 5+915 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 5+965 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 6+008 C Acacia mangium I BC V 6+025 C Acacia mangium I BC V 6+040 C Acacia mangium I BC V 6+055 C Acacia mangium I BC V RH 6+160 S Mangifera indica Amba I BC E RH 6+190 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 6+360 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 124 Sid Local Statu Actio Obstruct Chanage e Species Name s n for LH 6+370 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E LH 6+380 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V RH 6+390 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V LH 6+405 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E RH 6+685 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V RH 6+730 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V RH 6+735 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V RH 6+750 S Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V Annex – D (EMOP for A002 road section) 125 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN (EMoP) FOR THE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (Rehabilitation and Upgrading of A002 & AB011road section) - Maliban Junction (13+350km) to Kurusa Junction (18+400km) of A002 road, Kurusa Junction (00+00km) to Panadura Bridge (6+800km) of AB011 road, Panadura Bridge (25+250km) to Nall uruwa Junction (30+00km) of A002 road. 1 Environmental Project Parameters Location Frequency Standards Rate Approximate Implementation Supervision Component Stage Cost (SLRs) Air Quality Design and TSPM, PM10, 1. Base Hospital, Design: 1 NAAQS of Rs Rs.540,000.00 Contractor RDA(ESD)/ Construction NOx , CO, SOx , Panaduraya time Sri Lanka 12,000 through PMU/SC stage Pb per approved (25+900km) Construction: sample monitoring 8 times in 18 agency 2. Asphalt plant /s months 3. Burrow pit /s 4. Crusher plant /s 5. Quarry site/s Operation TSPM, PM10, 1. Base Hospital, 2 times NAAQS of Rs Rs.120,000.00 RDA through RDA(ESD)/ stage NOx, CO, HC, Sri Lanka 12,000 approved PMU/SC Pb, SOx Panaduraya per monitoring sample agency (25+900km) 2. Asphalt plant /s 3. Burrow pit /s 4. Crusher plant /s 5. Quarry site/s Water Quality Design and EC, pH, DO, Design: CEA Rs 6,000 Rs.54,000.00 Contractor RDA(ESD)/ Construction TSS, BOD, Oil 1time advisory per through PMU/SC stage and grease, 1. Moratuwa guidelines sample approved Lead, E. Coli Ganga Construction: monitoring (6+00km) 8 times in 18 agency months Operation EC, pH, DO, 1. Moratuwa 2 times CEA Rs 6,000 Rs.12,000.00 RDA through RDA(ESD)/ stage TSS, BOD, Oil Ganga advisory per approved PMU/SC and grease, (6+00km guidelines sample monitoring 99 1 Environmental Project Parameters Location Frequency Standards Rate Approximate Implementation Supervision Component Stage Cost (SLRs) Lead, E. Coli agency Noise Levels Design and dB levels 1. The school for Design: 1 National Rs Rs.486,000.00 Contractor RDA(ESD)/ Construction the Blind, Environment 13,500 through PMU/SC stage Rathmalana Construction: al (Noise per approved (14+700km) 8 times in 18 Control) sample monitoring 2. Prince of Wales months Collage, Regulations day agency Moratuwa 1996(no. (17+700km) 924/12) 3. Base Hospital, Panaduraya (25+900km) 4. Hindu Temple and Panadura Balika Viddayalaya (26+800km) Royal Collage, Panadera (27+650km) Operation dB levels 1. The school for 2 times National Rs Rs.108,000.00 RDA through RDA(ESD)/ stage the Blind, Environment 13,500 approved PMU/SC Rathmalana al (Noise per monitoring (14+700km) Control) sample agency 2. Prince of Wales Collage, Regulations day Moratuwa 1996(no. (17+700km) 924/12) 3. Base Hospital, 100 1 Environmental Project Parameters Location Frequency Standards Rate Approximate Implementation Supervision Component Stage Cost (SLRs) Panaduraya (25+900km) 4. Hindu Temple and Panadura Balika Viddayalaya (26+800km) Royal Collage, Panadera (27+650km) Flora Design and Replanting of On either side of the 4 visit Diversity of Rs 80,000 RDA, through RDA(ESD)/ trees road within the Right species 20,000 recognized PMU/SC Construction of Way replanted per visit community stage based organization Operation Survival of trees On either side of the 1 visit Percentage Rs 20,000 RDA RDA(ESD)/ stage road within the Right of survival 20,000 PMU/SC of Way per visit Fauna Design stage Diversity of Project influencing 2 visits Rs 40,000 RDA RDA(ESD)/ species area. 20,000 PMU/SC per visit Construction Diversity of Project influencing 4 visits Rs 80,000 RDA RDA(ESD)/ stage species area during 18 20,000 PMU/SC months per visit Operation Diversity of Project influencing 2 visits Rs 40,000 RDA RDA(ESD)/ 20,000 101 1 Environmental Project Parameters Location Frequency Standards Rate Approximate Implementation Supervision Component Stage Cost (SLRs) stage species area per visit PMU/SC Total SLR. 1,580,000.00 US$. 12,160.39 Note: TSPM = Total Suspended Particulate Matter, PM10 = Respirable Particulate Matter < 10 �m diameter, NOx = Oxides of Nitrogen, CO = Carbon Monoxide, SO x = Oxides of Sulphur, Pb = Lead, HC = Hydro Carbons, EC = Electrical Conductivity, DO = Dissolved Oxygen, TSS = Total Suspended Solids, BOD = Biological Oxygen demand, ESD = Environmental and Social Division, RDA = Road Development Authority, SC= Supervision Consultant 1$ = SLRs. 129.93 (August, 2012) 1 Number of replicates and sampling locations could be varied according to the requirement once the EMOP is implemented 2 Water quality will be measured both in up stream and down stream 102 Annex E (Baseline data on Ambeiant Air Quality, Noise Levels and Water Quality) 99 Baseline data on Ambient air quality, noise levels and water quality for rehabilitation and upgrading of road section from Peliyagoda (00+600km) to Ja-Ela (17+500km) of A002 road section. Introduction As per the request made by Project Director, World Bank, Road Sector Assistance Project, this monitoring program has been carried out by National Building Research Organization (NBRO) to obtain baseline data prior to initiating the proposed upgrading and rehabilitation activities. Measured air, noise and water quality results (as baseline data) are presented below. Results Table 1: Ambient Air Quality Concentration at each parameter(mg/m3) Time Location Chainage Average SO2 NO2 CO SPM PM10 Pb 8 hrs 0.053 0.066 4 0.154 - - L1 – At the Base Hospital, 25+900km Panaduraya - - - - 0.036 <0.0001 24 hrs Table 2: Noise levels Measured Measured Run Time Residual Background Location Chainage Time Sources (min) Noise Level Noise Level Leq (dB) L90 (dB) N1 – School for the Blind, Ratmalana 14+700km Morning 05 78 71 Afternoon 05 77 70 Evening 05 79 71 Vehicular Night 05 69 62 N3 – Base Hospital, Panaduraya 25+900km Morning 05 79 73 Vehicular 99 Measured Measured Run Time Residual Background Location Chainage Time Sources (min) Noise Level Noise Level Leq (dB) L90 (dB) Afternoon 05 81 74 Evening 05 80 73 Night 05 69 59 N4 –Hindu Temple and Panadura 26+800km Morning 05 80 76 Balika Viddayalaya Afternoon 05 79 75 Vehicular Evening 05 79 75 Night 05 68 64 N5 Royal College, Panaduraya 27+60km Morning 05 77 67 Afternoon 05 76 67 Vehicular Evening 05 78 69 Night 05 71 69 Table 3: Water quality Sample no Time of Parameter collection Bio-chemical Lead Content Oxygen Electrical Demand Total Suspended Solids E.Coli pH and (Pb, µg/l) Oil and Grease Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen (TSS, mg/l) (DO, mg/l) (BOD5 at (count/100ml Temp. 0 (µg/l) (dS/m) 20 C,mg/l) ) W6-U 7.2 at (Moratuwa 09.45 hrs 0 29.20 5.3 1.6 12 <500 <1000 48 30.5 C Ganga) 100 Sample no Time of Parameter collection Bio-chemical Lead Content Oxygen Electrical Demand Total Suspended Solids E.Coli pH and (Pb, µg/l) Oil and Grease Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen (TSS, mg/l) (DO, mg/l) (BOD5 at (count/100ml Temp. 0 (µg/l) (dS/m) 20 C,mg/l) ) W6-D 6.7 at (Moratuwa 09.35 hrs 0 29.2 4.5 1.4 13.6 <500 <1100 10 30.8 C Ganga) Ambient Air quality standards The permissible Ambient Air quality standards stipulated by the Central Environmental Authority of Sri Lanka (Extraordinary Gazette, No.1562/22, August 15, 2008) and Ambient Air Quality Standards stipulated by the Central Environmental Authority of Sri Lanka (Extraordinary Gazette No. 850/4, December 20, 1994). Pollutant Time Average Concentration(mg/m3) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 8 hrs 0.120 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 8 hrs 0.150 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 8 hrs 10 101 � Suspended Particulate Matter(PM10) 8 hrs 0.350 Reparable Particulate Matter(PM10) 24 hrs 0.100 � Particulate Lead (Pb) 24 hrs 0.002 � Ambient Air Quality Standards stipulated by the Central Environmental Authority of Sri Lanka (Extraordinary Gazette No. 850/4, December 20, 1994). Maximum Permissible Noise Levels The Maximum permissible noise levels stipulated under the extraordinary Gazette No.924/12- May 23, 1996 by the Central Environmental Authority of Sri Lanka during construction period as follows;  75 dB(A) during the day time  50 dB(A) during Night time The maximum permissible noise levels stipulated under the Extraordinary Gazette No. 924/12- May 23, 1996 by the Central Environmental Authority of Sri Lanka for other activities which not considered as construction activities as follows;  55 dB(A) during the Day time  45 dB(A) during Night time 102 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for Rehabilitating and Upgrading the Selected Sections of Galle Road (A 002 Road) from Maliban Junction (13+350km) to Cross Junction (18+500km), Cross Junction to Panadura Bridge(00+6.5km) of AB011 road and Panadura bridge to Nallaruwa(25.5+30.00km) of A002 road. This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the summarized matrix of all possible impacts that may occur during rehabilitation and upgrading the Selected Section of Galle Road (A 002 Road) from Maliban Junction (13+350km) to Cross Junction (18+500km), Cross Junction to Panadura Bridge(00+6.5km) of AB011 road and Panadura bridge to Nallaruwa(25.5+30.00km) of A002 road. The EMP should form part of the Bid Documents and shall be considered alongside the specifications. Thereby the prescriptions detailed in the EMP are mandatory in nature and also contractually binding. The EMP will also equally applicable to sub-contractors including nominated sub-contractors if any. The Contractor will be responsible for the compliance with the requirements of the EMP. With the assistance of the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) the “Engineer� on behalf of the Employer the Road Development Authority (RDA) will monitor the compliance of EMP by the Contractor. The bidders are advised to carefully consider the EMP requirements stated under item 2.0 “Construction phase� when preparing the bid and pricing the items of work. The prescriptions and clauses detailed in the EMP are integral component of the specifications for relevant item of work unless separate items are included in the Bill of Quantities. Thus separate payments will not be made in respect of compliance with the EMP. In case the Contractor or his sub-contractor/s fails to implement the EMP recommendations after informing in writing, the Engineer will take whatever actions it is deemed necessary to ensure that the EMP is properly implemented. If the contractor or his sub-contractor/s still fails to comply with EMP requirement, the “Engineer� may levy a penalty based on the level of non-compliance, cost incurred to rectify the damages caused by such negligence and/ or recover the cost from contractor’s payments. The Contractor through an appointed dedicated / qualified Environmental Officer shall assist the Engineer to discharge his duties as required in the EMP implementation by (a) maintaining up to date records on actions taken by the Contractor with regard to implementation of EMP recommendations (b) timely submission of reports, information and data to the Project Management Unit (PMU) through Supervision Consultant (SC), (c) participating in the meetings conveyed by the Engineer and (d) any other assistance requested by the Engineer. 1 Environmental Management Plan Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 1.0 Advance Works 1.1 Design for culverts, leaderways, silttraps and catch pits (a) Locations of existing - RDA RDA should obtain prior consent from relevant authorities such as & proposed culverts, leaderways and Department of Coast Conservation (CCD), Sri Lanka Railways (SLR) proposed silt traps etc., for implementation of proposed drainage management plan and and catch pits along any proposed construction works on/at areas belong to these the proposed road institutions. RDA should obtain prior consent from relevant public if any section are given in Annex - I, (also refer land use of people is likely to be interfered temporarily or permanently design drawings for by the proposed drainage improvement work. culvert locations and proposed drainage management plan) (b) For culverts appropriate designs should be considered to allow overland Refer Annex – I Design -do- flow and sheet flow from the pavement or cross drainage without any for locations of cost blocking existing & For leaderways appropriate designs should be considered for smooth proposed culverts, flow without any blocking leaderways and proposed silttraps For silttraps appropriate designs should be considered for trapping of and catch pits silt in proper manner along the For catch pits appropriate designs should be considered in order to proposed road drain out rain water without blocking / flooding section (also refer design drawings for culvert Designed drainage facilities must be capable of disposing of the runoff locations and generated in a given water catchment without inundating the road proposed pavement, Pedestrian footpaths and any other adjacent properties and drainage utilities or land uses in an event of a fifty year return period flood�. management plan) 2 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 1.2 -do- -do -do- Designed rehabilitation and improvements must safely and adequately meet the expected level of services including estimated traffic loads and capacities for the design lifespan. Also adequate road furniture must be provided to ensure the safety of vehicle users and pedestrians. Among the measures to minimize the risk of accidents, special attention must be paid for the pedestrians crossing the roads and vehicles passing through grade- level intersections. 1.3 -do- -do- -do- Provisions should be made to plant suitable species of trees and ornamental plants wherever feasible at the edge of footpaths and the median islands for the purposes of ambient pollution control, provide aesthetics, shade from direct sun, barriers for road crossing at non- permitted locations, etc. 1.4 EMP should be included as a Special Condition in the Bid Document; and EMP should be attached to contract to form part of the contract requirement 2.0 Construction Phase 2.1 Earthwork and Soil Conservation 2.1.1 Site Clearance and Land Development 3 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision Prevention of removal of trees as far as possible. However, total of 03 Applicable Engineerin Contractor RDA/ trees will have to be removed during site clearance. throughout the g cost PMU, LA During removing, attention should be paid to maintain minimum road ,SC disturbances to soil cover and also care should be taken not to damage adjoining trees. Location, variety & Furthermore, branches of 392 trees will have to be cut when consider size of trees to be the safety of vehicles. removed & It is recommended to plant trees along the possible stretches of branches to be cut roadside in order to enhance the environment. are given in Annex – II. Water spraying should be done at a regular interval to avoid dust generation due to site clearance 2.1.1 Disposal of Debris and Spoil (a) Disposal sites Engineerin contractor RDA/ All debris and residual spoil material including any left earth shall be identified by the g cost PMU, LA,SC disposed only at locations approved by the engineer for such purpose contractor and and subjected to the clauses 2.1.1.b and 2.1.1.c. approved by Engineer. Some of the proposed All scrap material that are reusable or recyclable shall be used for such disposal sites are purposes either by the contractor or through dealers. mentioned in Annex – III and are subjected to approval of DS, LA & Engineer (b) If directed by the engineer the contractor shall obtain the approval from -Do- - -do- the relevant Local Authority (LA) such as Prdeshiya Sabha, Municipal Council and other government agencies (as required) for disposal and spoil at the specified location. (c) The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that; All water bodies Engineerin -do- RDA/ (i) waterways and drainage paths are not blocked within this section g cost PMU, LA,SC (ii) the disposed material should not be washed away by runoff and of road (i.e. (iii) should not be a nuisance to the public Bolgoda River and leaderways 4 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision directed to Bolgoda River, minor streams and Sea). (d) If directed by the engineer the debris and residual spoil material All burrow sites do -do- -do- including any left earth shall be used, to refill the burrow areas as (licensed sites) directed by the engineer, subjected to laying of topsoil as per EMP identified by clause 2.1.2. contractor and approved by engineer. List of licensed burrow sites (gravel pits) within Colombo and Kalutara Districts are given in Annex – IV. (e) Excavated earth materials and all debris materials shall be disposed Applicable immediately without allowing to stockpile at identified locations for throughout the debris disposal, recommended by the engineer. During transportation, road / working dispose materials should be covered with tarpaulin. area (f) If consented by the engineer, contractor can dispose the debris and In identified filling - -do- -do- spoil as a filling material provided that the contractor can ensure that sites subjected to such material is used for legally acceptable purposes with disposed in the approval of an environmentally acceptable manner. engineer (g) -do- -do- -do- If consented by the engineer, contractor shall dispose the milling waste to areas designated by the Engineer for future use by RDA 2.1.2 Conservation and reuse of top soil (a) Top soil of the agricultural areas and any other productive areas where Along this road Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, it has to be removed for the purpose of this project shall be stripped to a trace where g cost SC specified depth of 150mm and stored in stockpiles of height not topsoil from exceeding 2m, if directed by the engineer. If the contractor is in any productive land to 5 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision doubt on whether to conserve the topsoil or not for any given area he be removed shall obtain the direction from the engineer in writing (b) Removed top soil could be used as a productive soil when Within this road - -do- -do- replanting/establishing roadside vegetation section (c) Such stockpiled topsoil must be returned to cover the areas including -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- cut slopes where the topsoil has been removed due to project activities. g cost Residual topsoil must be distributed on adjoining/proximate barren areas as identified by the engineer in a layer of thickness of 75mm – 150mm. (d) Topsoil thus stockpiled for reuse shall not be surcharged or over Locations where - -do- -do- burdened. As far as possible multiple handling of topsoil stockpiles topsoil is should be kept to a minimum. stockpiled for reuse 2.1.3 Protection of Ground Cover and Vegetation (a) Construction vehicle, machinery and equipment shall be used and Within the road - Contractor RDA/PMU/LA stationed only in the areas of work and in any other area designated/ section /CEA,SC approved by the engineer. Entry and exit of construction vehicles and machinery should be restricted to particular points as directed by the engineer (b) Contractor should provide necessary instructions to drivers, operators -Do- -Do- -do- -do- and other construction workers not to destroy ground vegetation cover unnecessarily 2.1.4 Burrowing of Earth (a) Earth available from excavation for roadside drains as per design, may All excavation - -do- -do- be used as embankment materials, subject to approval of the engineer areas and embankments (b) Contractor shall comply with the environmental requirements/guidelines Selected borrow - -do- -do- issued by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) and the respective sites local authorities with respect of locating burrow areas and with regard to all operations related to excavation and transportation of earth from such sites. (c) Burrow areas shall not be opened without having a valid mining license from the GSMB. The location, depth of excavation and the extent of the 6 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision pit or open cut area shall be as approved by the engineer. (d) Contractor can also find suitable soil materials for shoulder formation All burrow sites and / or road filling from currently operated licensed burrow pits in the identified by the surrounding area, subject to approval of the EE contractor. List of licensed burrow sites (gravel pits) within Colombo and Kalutara Districts are given in Annex – IV. (e) All burrow pits/areas should be rehabilitated at the end of their use by All burrow sites Engineerin -do- -do- the contractor in accordance with the requirements/guidelines issued by identified by the g cost the CEA and the respective local authority. contractor (f) Establishment of burrow pits/areas and its operational activities shall not All excavation - -do- -do- cause any adverse impact to the properties. Also shall not be a danger areas, slopes and of health hazard to the people. burrow sites (g) Contractor shall take all steps necessary to ensure the stability of slopes All excavation Engineerin -do- -do- including those related to temporary works and burrow pits. areas, slopes and g cost burrow sites 2.1.5 Prevention of soil erosion (a) Debris material shall be disposed in such a manner that waterways, Applicable Engineerin Contractor RDA/ drainage paths would not get blocked. throughout the g cost PMU,SC Drainage paths in LHS / RHS of the road should be improved / erected road. to drain rain water properly. Culverts, side built-up drains, built-up leaderways and catch pits should Locations of be erected to drain rain water properly. culverts, Silt traps will be constructed to avoid siltation into water ways where leaderways necessary. (directly To avoid siltation, drainage paths should not be directed to streams, connected other water bodies and sea directly and they should be separated from to streams / water streams / other water bodies / sea when road meets streams / other bodies), toe water bodies / sea. walls & silttraps to be erected 7 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision are given in Annex– I and proposed drainage management plans. (b) Barricades such as humps will be erected at excavated areas for List & locations of Engineerin Contractor RDA/ culverts, silttraps, toe walls, filling and lifting with roper sign boards, as culverts, toe walls, g cost PMU,SC some work in these sections will have to be stopped during heavy rains covered built up due to heavy erosion. To prevent soil erosion in these excavated areas, leaderways, proper earth drain system should be introduced. silttraps to be erected are given in Annex – I and proposed drainage management plan (c) Embankment slopes, slopes of cuts, etc shall not be unduly exposed to Within this road Engineerin Contractor RDA/ erosive forces. These exposed slopes shall be graded and covered by section g cost PMU,SC grass as per the specifications. All fills, back fills and slopes should be compacted immediately to reach the specified degree of compaction and establishment of proper mulch. (d) Work that lead to heavy erosion shall be avoided during the raining -Do- - -do- -do- season. If such activities need to be continued during rainy season prior approval must be obtained from the Engineer by submitting a proposal on actions that will be undertaken by the contractor to prevent erosion. (e) The work, permanent or temporary shall consist of measures as per -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- design or as directed by the engineer to control soil erosion, g cost sedimentation and water pollution to the satisfaction of the engineer. Typical measures include the use of berms, dikes sediment basins, fiber mats, mulches, grasses, slope drains and other devices. All sedimentation and pollution control works and maintenance thereof are deemed, as incidental to the earthwork or other items of work and no separate payment will be made for their implementation. 8 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 2.1.6 Contamination of soil by fuel and lubrications (a) Vehicle/machinery and equipment servicing and maintenance work Servicing yards to Engineerin Contractor RDA/ shall be carried out only in designated locations/ service stations be used for g cost PMU, LA, approved by the engineer vehicle servicing CEA,SC (b) Approval from CEA in the form of an Environmental Protection Licenses -Do- - -do- RDA/ (EPL) should be secured by the contractor if he intends to prepare his PMU,SC own vehicle servicing yard (c) Waste oil, other petroleum products and untreated wastewater shall not Servicing yards to Engineerin -do- RDA/ be discharged on ground so that to avoid soil pollution. Adequate be used for g cost PMU, LA, measures shall be taken against pollution of soil by spillage of vehicle servicing CEA,SC petroleum/oil products from storage tanks and containers. All waste and locations petroleum products shall be disposed of in accordance with the along this highway guidelines issued by the CEA or the engineer. section where vehicles will be temporarily stationed (d) Sites used for vehicle and plant service and maintenance shall be New servicing Engineerin -do- -do- restored back to its initial status. Site restoration will be considered as yards developed g cost incidental to work. by the contractor for the project 2.1.7 Disposal of harmful construction wastes (a) Contractor prior to the commencement of work shall provide list of Locations - Contractor RDA/PMU, harmful, hazardous and risky chemicals/ material that will be used in the identified to store LA, CEA,SC project work to the Engineer. Contractor shall also provide the list of chemicals and places where such chemicals/materials or their containers or other waste disposal harmful materials have been dumped as waste at the end of the project. (b) All disposal sites should be approved by the engineer and approved by -Do- - -do- RDA/PMU,S CEA and relevant local authority. C (c) The contractor shall clean up any area including water-bodies All affected water Engineerin -do- -do- affected/contaminated (if any) as directed by the engineer at his own bodies close to g cost cost. material storage 9 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision and waste disposal sites 2.1.8. Quarry operations (a) Utilizing the existing quarry sites available in the project influential area All, quarry sites Contractor RDA/PMU, as much as possible which are approved by GSMB with valid EPL and which will be used Engineerin GSMB, CEA, Industrial Mining Licences (IML); during g cost LA,SC If new quarries are to be opened, prior approval should be obtained construction from GSMB, CEA and local authorities such as Pradeshiya Sabha. phase. Selected quarry sites should have proper safety measures such as warnings, safety nets etc., and third party insurance cover to protect List of licensed external parties that may be affected due to blasting. quarries in Colombo and Kalutara Districts are given in Annex – V. (b) It is recommended not to seek material from quarries that have ongoing -Do- - -do- -do- disputes with community. (c) The maintenance and rehabilitation of the access roads in the event of -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- damage by the contractors operations shall be a responsibility of the g cost contractor. 2.2 Storage and handling of construction material 2.2.1 Emission of dust (a) Storage locations of sand, metal, soil should be located away from At all material Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU,S settlements and other sensitive receptors and covered (with artificial storage locations g cost C barriers or natural vegetation). (stock piles of Measures given under clauses 2.5.1 (c), (d), (e) should be considered sand, metal) within material storage site to minimize dust during handling of material. All access roads within the storage site should be sprinkled with water for dust suspension. 2.2.2 Storage of fuel, oil and chemicals (avoid fumes and offensive odour) (a) All cement, bitumen (barrels), oil and other chemicals should be stored At all material Engineerin -do- -do- and handled on an impervious surface (concrete slab) above ground storage locations g cost 10 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision level. (cement, bitumen, Storage facility of cement, bitumen (barrels), oil and other chemicals fuel, oil and other should be an enclosed structure ensuring that no storm water flows in to chemicals used the structure. for construction A ridge should be placed around the storage facility to avoid runoff activities) getting in to the structure. Adequate ventilation should be kept to avoid accumulation of fumes and offensive odour that could be harmful to material handlers. Measures given under clause 2.9 should be considered to avoid any accidents and risks to worker population and public. 2.2.3 Transportation of material (a) Within this road - Contractor RDA/PMU,S The contractor should avoid over loaded trucks to transport material to section C construction sites. During transportation, materials should be covered with tarpaulin. Avoid peak hours in roads with moderate to high traffic’; the contractor shall minimize possible public nuisance due to dust, traffic congestion, air pollution, etc., due to such haulage; If local roads are used, select routes based on the truck load; divide the load to prevent damages to local roads and bridges; observe speed limits and maintain vehicles in the good condition; transport material under cover; avoid peak hours in roads with moderate to high traffic. If there are damages to local roads and other utilities due to hauling in roads which were not identified during design stage, Contractor shall attends to repair all damaged infrastructure/ roads, if needed through elevant authorities 2.3. Water – Protection of Water Sources and Quality 2.3.1. Loss of minor water sources and disruption to water users 11 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) Contractor should make employees aware on water conservation and Within this road - Contractor RDA/PMU,S waste minimization in the construction process. section and at C worker camps (b) Arrange adequate supply of water for the project purpose throughout the construction period. Not obtain water for project purposes, including Project site must for labour camps, from public or community water supply schemes be corrected as without a prior approval from the relevant authority. surrounding water sources Not extract water from ground water or surface water bodies without the permission from EE & relevant authority. Obtain the permission for throughout the extracting water prior to the commencing of the project, from the road sections relevant authority. (c) Contractor shall protect sources of water (potable or otherwise) such as Wells and other Engineerin -do- RDA/PMU, water sources used by the community so that continued use these public water g cost LA,SC water sources will not be disrupted by the work. In case the closer of sources locations such sources is required on temporary basis contractor shall provide within this road alternative arrangement for supply. Alternative sources such as wells section thus provided should be within acceptable distance to the original sources and accessible to the affected community. (d) Contractor shall not divert, close or block existing canals and streams in Waterways Engineerin -do- RDA/PMU, a manner that adversely affect downstream intakes. If diversion or crossing the road g cost LA/ closure or blocking of canals and streams is required for the execution sections and NWS&DB/DS of work, contractor must obtain the engineers approval in writing. those located in ,SC Contractor shall also obtain the approval from the National Water the surrounding Supply and Drainage Board (NWS&DB) or local authority or Divisional areas of road Secretary depending on the operating agency of the intake/water sections or the supply. Contractor shall restore the drainage path back to its original contractor’s work status once the need for such diversion or closure or blockage ceased sites. to exist. During the affected period contractor shall supply water to the affected community. (e) In case the contractors activities going to adversely affect the quantity or Within this road Engineerin -do- -do- quality of water, the contractor shall serve notice to the relevant section g cost authorities and downstream users of water sufficiently in advance. (f) Apply best management practices to control contamination of run-off water during maintenance & operation of equipment. construction sites, 12 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision Maintain adequate distance between stockpiles & water bodies to material and soil control effects to natural drainage paths. storage areas, and equipment and machinery service areas 2.3.2 Siltation into water bodies (a) Contractor shall take measures to prevent siltation of water bodies as a All water bodies Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, result of construction work including, construction of temporary / located around the g cost LA, Irrigation permanent devices to prevent water pollution due to siltation and road sections and Dept, increase of turbidity. These shall include the measures against erosion all other work sites Agrarian as per EMP 2.1.6. Services Dept,SC (b) Construction materials containing small / fine particles shall be stored in -do- -do- places not subjected to flooding and in such a manner that these materials will not be washed away by runoff. (c) Temporary soil dumps should be placed at least 200m away from all -do- -do- water bodies (d) If temporary soil piles are left at the site for a long time those piles -do- -do- should be covered with thick polythene sheets (e) All fills, back fills and slopes should be compacted immediately to reach -do- -do- the specified degree of compaction and establishment of proper mulch 2.3.3 Alteration of drainage paths (a) Contractor shall not close or block existing canals and streams All drainage paths Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, permanently. If diversion or closure or blocking of canals and streams is crossed by the g cost DI/ required for the execution of work (e.g. for construction of bypass), road within this DS/ASD,SC contractor must first obtain the Engineers approval in writing. Contractor road section. shall carry out an investigation and report to the Engineer, if an investigation is requested by the Engineer. Contractor shall also obtain the approval from the relevant agencies such as Department of Irrigation (ID) / /Divisional Secretary (DS) prior to such action is taken. Contractors shall restore the drainage path back to its original status once the need for such diversion or closure or blockage is no longer 13 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision required. (b) The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that waterways -do- -do- and drainage paths are not blocked. (c) Avoid/ minimize construction works near/ at such drainage locations -do- -do- during heavy rain seasons such as South West monsoon rains from May to July. 2.3.4. Contamination of water from construction wastes (a) The work shall be carried out in such a manner that pollution of natural At all water Engineerin Contractor RDA/ water courses such as Bolgoda Ganga, sea and other minor stream courses located g cost PMU, LA, paths located across the road section is avoided. Measures as given in adjacent to the CEA,SC road trace 2.1.6., 2.1.7, 2.1.8, 2.3.2 and 2.3.6 clauses shall be taken to prevent the wastewater produced in construction from entering directly into streams, water bodies or the irrigation systems. (b) Avoid / minimize construction works near / at such drainage locations -do- - -do- -do- st during heavy rainy seasons such as SW monsoonal and 1 inter- monsoonal periods. (c) The discharge standards promulgated under the National Environmental -do- Engineerin -do- -do- Act shall be strictly adhered to. All waste arising from the project is to be g cost disposed in a manner that is acceptable to the engineer and as per the guidelines/instructions issued by the CEA. 2.3.5. Contamination from fuel and lubricants (a) All vehicle and plant maintenance and servicing stations shall be Vehicle and plant Engineerin Contractor RDA/ located and operated as per the conditions and /or guidelines stipulated maintenance and g cost PMU, LA, under the EPL issued by CEA. In general these should be located at servicing centers CEA,SC least 200m away from water bodies and wastewater shall not be disposed without meeting the disposal standards of the CEA. Wastewater from vehicle and plant maintenance and servicing stations shall be cleared of oil and grease and other contaminants to meet the relevant standards before discharging to the environment. (b) Vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance and re-filling shall be Yards, servicing Engineerin -do- -do- done as required in EMP clause 2.1.6. to prevent water pollution as well centers g cost 14 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 2.3.6. Locating, sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps (a) Locations selected for labour camps should be approved by engineer Within this road Engineerin Contractor RDA/ and comply with guidelines/ recommendations issued by the CEA/Local section, Sensitive g cost PMU, LA, Authority (LA). Construction of labourer camps shall not be located locations such as CEA, DWLC, within 200m from waterways or near to a site or premises of religious, Temples, Kovils, DoF,SC cultural or archeological importance and school. Churches, Schools, etc,. List of roadside sensitive sites are given in Annex – VII. (b) Labour camps shall be provided with adequate and appropriate facilities At all labour Engineerin -do- -do- for disposal of sewerage and solid waste. The sewage systems shall be camps g cost properly designed, built and operated so that no pollution to ground or adjacent water bodies/watercourses takes place. Garbage bins shall be provided the camps and regularly emptied. Garbage should be disposed off in a hygienic manner, to the satisfaction of the relevant norms. Compliance with the relevant regulations and guidelines issued by the CEA/LA shall be strictly adhered to. (c) Contractor shall ensure that all camps are kept clean and hygienic. -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- Necessary measures shall be taken to prevent breeding of vectors g cost (d) Contractor shall report any outbreak of infectious disease of importance Within this road -do- -do- in a labour camp to the engineer and the Medical Officer of Health section with (MOH) or to the Public Health Inspector (PHI) of the area immediately. special attention Contractor shall carry out all instructions issued by the authorities, if near to labour any. camps (e) Contractor shall adhere to the CEA recommendations on disposal of At all labour -do- -do- wastewater. Wastewater shall not be discharged to ground or camps waterways in a manner that will cause unacceptable surface or ground water pollution. (f) All relevant provisions of the Factories Act and any other relevant -Do- -do- -do- regulations aimed at safety and health of workers shall be adhered to. (g) Contractor should remove all labour camps fully after its need is over, -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- 15 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision empty septic tanks, remove all garbage, debris and clean and restore g cost the area back to its former condition. 2.3.7. Wastage of water and waste minimization (a) The contractor will minimize wastage of water in the construction Within this road Contractor RDA/PMU, process/operations by reusing water as much as possible, utilizing only section and labour LA, CEA,SC the required amount of water for the construction works etc… camps (b) The contractor shall educate and made employees aware on water -Do- -do- -do- conservation, waste minimization and safe disposal of waste following guidelines given by CEA and LA. 2.3.8. Extraction of water (a) The contractor is responsible for arranging adequate supply of water for Within this road Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, the project purpose throughout the construction period. Contractor shall section and at g cost LA,SC not obtain water for his purposes including for labour camps from public labour camps or community water supplies without approval from the relevant authority. Such extraction (if approved) should be under direct supervision of the engineer (b) Extraction of water by the contractor for the project purposes shall -do- -do- -do- comply with the guidelines and instructions issued by relevant authority. The Contractor shall not extract water from groundwater or from surface water-bodies without permission from the Engineer. (c) Construction over and close to the Bolgoda Ganga and other minor All drainage paths -do- RDA/PMU,S streams shall be undertaken in dry season. crossed by the C road within this road section. (d) The Contractor may use the natural sources of water subject to the At all natural water -do- RDA/PMU, provision that any claim arising out of conflicts with other users of the sources used for LA,SC said natural sources of water shall be made good entirely by the construction works contractor 2.4. Flood Prevention 2.4.1. Blockage of drainage paths and drains 16 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) Contractor’s activities shall not lead to flooding conditions as a result of Along this road Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU,S blocked drainage paths and drains. The contractor shall take all section where g cost C measures necessary or as directed by the Engineer to keep all drainage road will be placed paths and drains clear of blockage at all times. on embankment, at locations where bridges and culverts are to be repaired / reconstructed. (b) If flooding or stagnation of water is caused by contractor’s activities, -Do- -Do- -do- -do- contractors shall provide suitable means to (a) prevent loss of access to any land or property and (b) prevent damage to land and property. Contractor shall compensate for any loss of income or damage as a result. 2.4.2 Work in Flood Prone Areas (a) Contractor’s activities shall not lead to aggravate floods in flood prone Some stretches of Contractor RDA/PMU, areas when working in flood prone areas. Road sections – 1 DI/SLLRDC, & 2 trending SC through possible flood prone areas (b) When working in flood prone areas during rainy season the contractor -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- shall avoid storing materials, chemicals and other items of work in areas g cost where those can be washed away by the floods. 2.5 Air Pollution 2.5.1. Generation of Dust (a) The contractor shall effectively manage the dust generating activities Within this road Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU,S such as topsoil removal, handling and transporting sand, rubble, section where g cost C bitumen, and cement during periods of high winds or during more earth work will stable conditions with winds directed towards adjacent residences and take place, other facilities. storage locations (b) All stockpiles shall be located sufficiently away from sensitive receptors. of sand, rubble, -do- -do- bitumen, cement (c) All vehicles delivering materials shall be covered to avoid spillage and -do- -do- 17 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision dust emission. and all sub roads (d) The Contractor should avoid, where possible and take suitable action to used for material -do- -do- prevent dirt and mud being carried to the roadway (particularly following transportation, wet weather). paying special attention to -do- -do- (e) The contractor should enforce vehicle speed limits to minimize dust generation. sensitive locations. (f) The Contractor shall employ a water truck to sprinkle water for dust -do- -do- suppression on all exposed areas as required (note: the use of waste List of roadside water / waste oil for dust suppression is prohibited) sensitive sites are (g) All cleared areas shall be rehabilitated progressively. -do- -do- given in Annex – (h) All earthwork shall be protected in a manner acceptable to the minimize VII. -do- -do- generation of dust. (i) All existing roads used by vehicles of the contractor, or any of his sub- -do- -do- contractor or supplies of materials or plant and similar roads which are part of the works shall be kept clean and clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped by such vehicles or their tyres. (j) Clearance shall be affected immediately by manual sweeping and -do- -do- removal of debris, or, if so directed by the Engineer, by mechanical sweeping and clearing equipment. Additionally, if so directed by the Engineer, the road surface will be hosed or sprinkled water using appropriate equipments. (k) Plants, machinery and equipment shall be handled (including -do- -do- dismantling) so as to minimize generation of dust. (l) The contractor shall take every precaution to reduce the level of dust -do- -do- emission from the hot mix plants and the batching plants up to the satisfaction of the Engineer in accordance with the relevant emission norms. (m) The hot mix plant be sited in accordance with CEA guidelines and -do- -do- operated with an EPL. The hot mix plants shall be fitted with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislation. 2.5.2 Emission from Hot-Mix Plants and Batching Plants (a) The hot mix plants and batching plants shall be sited in accordance with Locations at which Contractor RDA/PMU, CEA guidelines. It is recommended that hot mix plants and batching hot mix plant/s CEA,SC 18 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision plants to be located sufficiently away from sensitive receptors such as and concrete vulnerable habitats, religious and cultural sites, residential areas, batching plant/s to schools and industrial areas be located (b) The exhaust gases shall comply with the requirements of the relevant -Do- -do- -do- current emission control legislation. All operations at plants shall be undertaken in accordance with all current rules and regulations protecting the environment as well as the conditions given in the EPL. 2.5.3. Odour and offensive smells (a) Contractor shall take all precautions such as storing all chemicals used Within this road Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, for construction works in properly closed containers with good section including g cost CEA, LA,SC ventilations to prevent odour and offensive smell emanating from all sites used for chemicals and processes applied in construction works or from labour store all chemicals camps. In a situation when/where odour or offensive smell does occur and places where contractor shall take immediate action to rectify the situation. Contractor chemical reactions is responsible for any compensation involved with any health issue take place. arisen out of bad odour and offensive smells. (b) The waste disposal and sewerage treatment system for the labour At all labour Engineerin -do- -do- camps shall be properly designed, built and operated so that no odour is camps g cost generated. Compliance with the regulations on health and safety as well as CEA and LA guidelines shall be strictly adhered to. 2.5.4. Emission from construction Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery (a) The emission standards promulgated under the National Environment All plants, - Contractor RDA/PMU, Act shall be strictly adhered to. machinery and CEA, LA,SC vehicles used for construction (b) All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction shall be -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- regularly serviced and well maintained to ensure that emission levels g cost comply with the relevant standards. (c) Contractor should obtain the certificate issued by the Vehicular -Do- -Do- -do- -do- Emission Test (VET) for all construction vehicles, plants and other machineries and it should be renewed annually 2.5.5. Air Pollution from Crusher 19 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) Crusher plants should operate under an EPL and shall confirm to Quarry sites - Contractor RDA/PMU, relevant dust emission levels as stated in the EPL. Only the quarries operated for CEA, LA,SC approved by GSMB and holding current EPL shall be used for material material extraction extraction. for the project (b) Crushing plants shall be sited sufficiently away from sensitive receptors Locations where - -do- -do- such as houses, place of worships and outdoor recreation areas quarry sites will be (locations given under item 2.4.1) or as required by the Engineer. operated (c) Sprinkling of water (through a sprinkler system) for dust suppression. -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- g cost 2.6. Noise Pollution and Vibration 2.6.1 Noise from Vehicles, Plants and Equipment. (a) All machinery and equipment should be well maintained and fitted with All machinery and -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU, noise reduction devices in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. vehicles used for LA,SC road construction works (b) In construction sites within 150 m of the nearest habitation, noisy Within this road -do- -do- construction work such as crushing, concrete mixing and batching, section, - mechanical compaction, etc., will be stopped between 20.00 hours to Sensitive 06.00 hours. No construction shall take place within 100m around locations; hospitals between 20.00 hours to 06.00 hours. Near noise sensitive List of roadside sites, such as schools noisy equipment shall not be used during noise sensitive sites are sensitive times of the day. given in Annex – VII. (c) All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with Within this road Engineerin -do- -do- exhaust silences. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness section g cost of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found to be defective shall be replaced. Notwithstanding any other conditions of contract, noise level from any item of plant(s) must comply with the relevant legislation for levels of sound emission. Non-compliant plant shall be removed from site. (d) Noise limits for construction equipment used in this project (measured at All equipment, - -do- -do- one meter from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as machinery and compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vehicles used for 20 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision vibrators, milling machines and saws shall not exceed 75 dB(A). road construction works (e) Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery shall be regular and -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- proper, to the satisfaction of the Engineer, to keep noise from these at a g cost minimum. (f) Workers in vicinity of strong noise, and workers working with or in Within this road Engineerin -do- -do- crushing, compaction, batching or concrete mixing operations shall be section, quarry, g cost provided with protective gear. crusher plants 2.6.2 Vibration (a) Contractor shall take appropriate action to ensure that construction Within this road - Contractor RDA/PMU,S works do not result in damage to adjacent properties due to vibration. section C (b) Prior to commencement of excavation, blasting activity, the Contractor Within this road - -do- -do- shall undertake a condition survey of existing structures within the zone section where of influence, as agreed with the relevant government agencies and the construction works engineer. will commence (c) Contractor shall carry out monitoring at the nearest vibration sensitive Within this road - -do- -do- receptor during blasting or when other equipments causing vibration are section where used. construction works will commence (d) The contractor shall modify the method of construction until compliance Within this road - -do- -do- with the criteria, if vibration levels exceed the relevant vibration criteria. section where construction works will commence and at quarry and burrow sites (e) Contractor shall pay due consideration on vibration impacts of blasting Within this road - -do- -do- on adjoining structures. Explosive loads shall be determined so that section where excessive vibration can be avoided and blasts shall be controlled construction works blasting in nature. Notwithstanding to these provisions contractor is will commence liable for any damage caused by blasting work. and at quarry sites 2.6.3 Noise from Blasting or Pre splitting Operations 21 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) Blasting shall be carried out during fixed hours (preferably during mid- At quarry sites - Contractor RDA/PMU, day), as permitted by the Engineer. The timing should be made known GSMB,SC to all the people within 500 m (200 m for pre-splitting) from the blasting site in all directions. People, except those who actually light the fuse shall be excluded from the area of 200 m (50 m for pre-splitting) from the blasting site in all directions at least 10m minutes before the blasting. 2.7. Impacts to Flora 2.7.1 Loss or Damage to Trees and Vegetation (a) All works shall be carried out in a manner that the destruction to the Throughout the - Contractor RDA/PMU, flora and their habitats is minimised. Trees and vegetation shall be road section 03 DS, DoF, felled / removed only if that impinges directly on the permanent works or trees reservation CEA,SC necessary temporary works. In all such cases contractor shall take prior have to be approval from the Engineer. removed and branches of 392 trees have to be cut, near / within the existing road and at its reservations. Location, variety & size of trees to be removed and branches of trees to be cut are given in Annex – III. (b) Contractor shall make every effort to avoid removal and/or destruction -Do- - -do- -do- of trees of religious, cultural and aesthetic significance. If such action is unavoidable the Engineer shall be informed in advance and carry out public consultation and report on the same should be submitted to the Engineer. 22 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (c) Contractor shall adhere to the guidelines and recommendations made -Do- - -do- -do- by the Central Environmental Authority, if any with regard to felling of trees and removal of vegetation. (d) Removed trees must be handed over to the Timber Corporation. Throughout the - -do- -do- road section (e) The contractor shall plant over 5 year old root-balled native trees Indicative number of - Contractor RDA/PMU, suitable for the location and/or rooted temple flower branches as trees / plants and DS, DoF, identified by the Engineer. indicative number of CEA,SC planting structures The contractor shall build hardy structures around the trees for necessary are to be protection. identified by the The contractor shall also build planting structures to be placed along the contractor. Planting centre median to the specifications agreed with the Engineer as given in should take place diagram x and plant bougainvillea and/or any other thorny and prior to completing aesthetically pleasing plant agreed with the Engineer. centre median and sidewalks The contractor shall be responsible for ensuring the well-being of the trees/plants until the end of the contract 2.7.2 Chance found important Flora (a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered flora species is Applicable - Contractor RDA/PMU, found, it shall be immediately informed to the PMU by the contractor. All throughout the DoF, activities that could destroy such flora and/or its habitat shall be stopped road section DWLC,SC with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only after obtaining the Engineer’s approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such flora and/or its habitat. 2.8. Impact on Fauna 2.8.1. Loss, Damage or Disruption to Fauna (a) All works shall be carried out in such a manner that the destruction or Applicable - Contractor RDA/PMU,S throughout the 23 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision disruption to the fauna and their habitats is minimum. road section, C especially to the road section - 2 (b) Construction workers shall be instructed to protect fauna including wild Applicable - -do- -do- animals and aquatic life as well as their habitats. Hunting, pouching and throughout the unauthorized fishing by project workers is not allowed. road section, especially to the road section - 2 (d) Siting of all hot mix plants, crushing plants, workshops, depots and Locations selected Engineerin -do- -do- temporary worker camps and storing of toxic and hazardous materials for erecting the g cost at approved locations, and recycling and dumping of solid waste matter asphalt, crusher at locations approved by local authorities, maintenance of vehicles and and concrete equipment in good operable condition, ensuring no leakage of oil or fuel batching plants and the fitting of proper exhaust baffles. Any solid waste should not be and workshops dumped into water bodies. 2.8.2 Chance found important Fauna (a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered fauna species is Applicable within - Contractor RDA/PMU, found, it shall be immediately informed to the PMU by the contractor. All this road section DWLC/DoF, activities that could destroy such fauna and/or its habitat shall be SC stopped with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only after obtaining the Engineer’s approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such fauna and/or its habitat. 2.9. Disruption to Users 2.9.1 Loss of Access 24 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) At all times, the Contractor shall provide safe and convenient passage Applicable within Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from side highways and this road section g cost property accesses connecting the project highway. Work that affects the use of side highways and existing accesses shall not be undertaken without providing adequate provisions to the prior satisfaction of the Engineer. (b) The works shall not interfere unnecessarily or improperly with the -Do- - -do- -do- convenience of public or the access to, use and occupation of public or private highways, railways and any other access footpaths to or of properties whether public or private. (c) On completion of the works, all temporary obstructions to access shall -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- be cleared away, all rubbish and piles of debris that obstruct access be g cost cleared to the satisfaction of the Engineer. (d) Providing advance information to the public about the planned -Do- -Do- -do- -do- construction works and activities causing disruption to access highways, and the temporary arrangements made to give relief to public in order to avoid any inconveniences due to the construction activities. (e) Use of flagmen and/or temporary traffic lights to control traffic flows at -Do- -Do- -do- -do- constricted sites, including safe crossing for pedestrians especially at town areas and near schools. 2.9.2 Traffic Jams and Congestion (a) Detailed Traffic Control Plans shall be prepared and submitted to the Applicable within - Contractor RDA/PMU, Engineer for approval 5 days prior to commencement of works on any this road section LA section of highway. The traffic control plans shall contain details of temporary diversions, details of arrangements for construction under traffic and details of traffic arrangements after cession of work each day. If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the traffic arrangement from the Local Police. (b) Temporary diversion of traffic to facilitate construction work shall have -Do- - -do- -do- the approval of the Engineer. If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the traffic arrangement from the Local Police. 25 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (c) Special consideration shall be given in the preparation of the traffic -Do- - -do- -do- control plan to the safety of pedestrians and workers at night. (d) The contractor shall ensure that the highway surface is always properly Within this road Engineerin -do- -do- maintained, particularly during the monsoon so that no disruption to the section g cost traffic flow occurs. (e) The temporary traffic detours shall be kept free of dust by frequent -Do- -Do- -do- -do- application of water. (f) Personnel used for traffic control by the contractor shall be properly -Do- -Do- -do- -do- trained, provided with proper gear including communication equipment, luminous jackets for night use. All signs, barricades, pavement markings used for traffic management should be to the standards and approved by the Engineer/ Police. (g) The manual of traffic control devices of RDA Should be followed during -Do- - -do- -do- construction period in order to ensure the safety and traffic control. 2.9.3 Traffic Control and Safety (a) The Contractor shall take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic -Do- Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, during construction and provide, erect and maintain such barricades, g cost LA including signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as may be required by the Engineer for the information and protection of traffic approaching or passing through the section of the highway under improvement. The provision of traffic safety measures shall be considered incidental to work and follow The Institute for Construction Training and Development (ICTAD) guidelines and instructions given by the Police, if any. (b) Informing the public through newspapers/ announcements/ radio/ TV Project influence Engineerin -do- -do- etc. about the construction activities in order to avoid any area g cost inconveniences due to the construction activities. 2.10. Accidents and Risks 2.10.1 Public and Worker safety 26 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) All reasonable precautions will be taken to prevent danger of the Within this road Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU workers and the public from accidents such as fire, explosions, blasts, section, material g cost falling rocks, falling to excavated pits, chemical sprays, unsafe power storage and supply lines etc. worker camps (b) The Contractor shall comply with requirements for the safety of the -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- workmen as per the international labor organization (ILO) convention g cost No. 62 and Safety and Health regulations of the Factory Ordinance of Sri Lanka to the extent that those are applicable to this contract. The contractor shall supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, masks, boots, etc., to the workers and staff. The contractor has to comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress. 2.10.2 Prevention of Risks of Electrocution (a) All electrical wiring and supply related work should confirm to British Within this road -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU Standards (BS) or relevant Sri Lankan Standards. Adequate section, material precautions will be taken to prevent danger of electrocuting from storage and electrical equipment and power supply lines including distribution worker camps boards, transformers, etc. Measures such as danger signboards, danger/red lights, fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public and workers. All electric power driven machines to be used in the construction shall be free from defect, be properly maintained and kept in good working order, be regularly inspected and as per BS provisions and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 2.10.3 Risk at Hazardous Activity 27 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) All workers employed in hazardous activities shall be provided with Within this road Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU necessary protective gear. These activities include mixing asphalt section, quarry g cost material, cement, lime mortars, concrete etc., welding work, work at site and burrow crushing plants, blasting work, operators of machinery and equipment pits such as power saws, etc. (b) The use of any toxic chemical shall be strictly in accordance with the Within this road -Do- -do- -do- manufacturer’s instructions. The Engineer shall be notified of toxic section chemicals that are planned to be used in all contract related activities. A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site shall be kept and maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register shall include the trade name, physical properties and characteristics, chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard information, safe handling and storage procedures, and emergency and first aid procedures for the product. 2.10.4 Lead Pollution (a) No paint containing lead or lead products will be used except in the form Workshops, yards - Contractor RDA/PMU of paste or readymade paint. Facemasks shall be supplied to workers where spray who are working in spray painting or scraping lead paints. painting is done 2.10.5 Handling of Explosives (a) Except as provided in the contract or ordered or authorized by the All locations where - Contractor RDA/PMU, Engineer, the Contractor shall not use explosives. Where the use of blasting activities LA/CEA explosives is so provided or ordered or authorized, the Contractor shall will commence comply with the requirements of the following Sub-Clauses of this Clause besides the law of the land as applicable. (b) The Contractor shall at all times take every possible precaution and -Do- Engineerin -do- RDA/PMU, shall comply with relevant laws and regulations relating to the g cost MoD importation, handling, transportation, storage and use of explosives. Contractor shall obtain Ministry of Defense (MoD) approval for importing and handling explosives and keep the Local Police informed of the same. 2.11. Health and Safety 28 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 2.11.1 Prevention of Vector based Diseases (a) Contractor shall take necessary actions to prevent breeding of At worker camps, Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, mosquitoes at places of work, labour camps, plus office and store stores, yards g cost LA buildings. Stagnation of water in all areas including gutters, used and empty cans, containers, tyres, etc shall be prevented. Approved chemicals to destroy mosquitoes and larvae should be regularly applied. All burrow sites should be rehabilitated at the end of their use by the contractor in accordance with the requirements/guidelines issued by the Central Environmental authority and relevant local authorities (b) Contractor shall keep all places of work, labour camps, plus office and -Do- -Do- -do- -do- store buildings clean devoid of garbage to prevent breeding of rats and other vectors such as flies. 2.11.2 Workers Health and Safety (a) Contractor shall comply with the provisions in Health and Safety Within this road - Contractor RDA/PMU regulations under the Factory Ordinance with regard to provision of section, health and safety measures and amenities at work place(s). workshops and worker camps 2.11.3 First Aid (a) At every workplace, first aid kit shall be provided as per the regulations. Within this road Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU, At every workplace an ambulance room containing the prescribed section, quarry, g cost LA equipment and nursing staff shall be provided. crusher, concrete batching plants, workshops and worker camps 2.11.4 Potable Water (a) In every workplace and labour camps portable water shall be available Within this road -Do- -do- -do- throughout the day in sufficient quantities. section (work sites), quarry, crusher, concrete batching plants, 29 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision workshops and worker camps 2.11.5 Hygiene (a) The contractor shall provide and maintain necessary (temporary) living Within this road -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU, accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour to standards and scale section, LA (MC), approved by the resident engineer. workshops, CEA worker camps (b) At every workplace and labour camps sufficient number of bathing Worker camps -Do- -do- -do- facilities, latrines and urinals shall be provided in accordance with the and temporary Health and Safety regulations and/or as directed by the Engineer. sheds at work These bathroom and toilet facilities shall be suitably located within the sites workplace/buildings. Latrines shall be cleaned at least three times daily in the morning, midday and evening and kept in a strict sanitary condition. If women are employed, separate latrines and urinals, screened from those for men and marked in the vernacular shall be provided. There shall be adequate supply of water, within and close to latrines and urinals. (c) The sewage system for the camp must be properly designed, built and Worker camps Engineerin -do- -do- operated so that no health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, and temporary g cost ground or adjacent watercourses takes place. sheds at work sites (d) Garbage bins must be provided in the camp, work sites and regularly -Do- -Do- -do- -do- emptied and the garbage disposed off in a hygienic manner. Construction camps shall have a clean hygienic environment and adequate health care shall be provided for the work force. (e) Unless otherwise arranged for by the Local Authority, the contractor -Do- -Do- -do- -do- shall arrange proper disposal of sludge from septic tanks. The contractor shall obtain approval for such disposal from the Public Health Inspector of the area. 2.12 Protection of Archaeological, Cultural and Religious Places and Properties 30 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 2.12.1 Prevention of damage to Cultural and Religious Places and Properties (a) During construction activities the contractor should take all necessary Near to places of -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU, and adequate care to minimize impacts on cultural properties which worships near to Dpt. Of includes cultural sites and remains, places of worship. the road trace cultural affairs, LA, Workers should not be allowed to trespass in to such areas. Religious List of cultural leaders sites religious places are given in Annex – VII. 2.12.2 Chance found Archaeological property (a) All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity and structures and other Within this road - Contractor RDA/PMU, remains or things of geological or archaeological interest etc. section DoA discovered on the site and/or during construction work shall be the property of the Government of Sri Lanka, and shall be dealt with as per provisions of Antiquities Ordinance of 1940 (Revised in 1956 & 1998) (b) The contractor shall take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen or -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or thing g cost and shall, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the Engineer of such discovery and carry out the Engineer’s instructions for dealing with the same, awaiting which all work shall be stopped within 100m in all directions from the site of discovery. (c) If directed by the Engineers the Contractor shall obtain advice and -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- assistance from the Department of Archaeological of Sri Lanka on g cost conservation measures to be taken with regard to the artefacts prior to recommencement of work in the area. 2.13 Environmental Enhancement 31 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision 2.13.1 Roadside Landscape (a) Roadside landscape plantation, re-vegetation of road embankments and Within this road -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU other slopes, edge treatment of water bodies shall be taken up as per section, and all either detailed design or typical design guidelines given as part of the locations used for Bid Documents. The contactor also shall remove all debris, piles of quarry sites, unwanted earth, spoil material, away from the roadsides and from other burrow pits, work places and disposed at locations designated or acceptable to the asphalt plant, Engineer or as per Clause 2.1.1. concrete batching plants, workshops and labour camps (b) On completion of the works, the temporary structures shall be cleared -Do- -Do- -do- -do- away in full, all rubbish burnt, waste dumps and septic tank shall be filled and closed and roadsides, workplaces and labour camps, cleared and cleaned. 2.13.2 Utilities and Roadside Amenities (a) Contractor shall replace all amenities such as bus shelters that were Places where bus -Do- Contractor RDA/PMU removed/ relocated during the construction unless the Engineer directed shelters are the contractor not to do so. located along the road (b) Contractor shall take care not to damage/destroy or affect the functional At all locations -do- -do- purposes of utilities such as water, electricity, telephone posts. The where electricity, arrangements the contractor made with those service providers shall be telecommunication informed to the Engineer in writing (advance work). Contractor shall and water supply assist the service providers in whatever possible manner to minimize lines need to be disruption to such services. shifted (c) In case of an inadvertent damage cause to a utility, the contractor shall Within this road - -do- -do- immediately inform the service provider and help to restore the service section without delay. 2.13.3 Road Furniture 32 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision (a) Road furniture including footpaths, railings, storm water drains, crash Within this road Design Contractor RDA/PMU barrier, traffic signs, speed zone signs, pavement markers and any section cost/ other such items will be provided as per design given in the Bid Engineerin Documents. g cost (b) Intersections, rotaries, traffic islands, roadside protection and other -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- structures or furniture shall be constructed, complete with the landscape g cost elements as per design in the above manner. 2.14 Handling Environmental Issues during Construction (a) The Contractor will appoint a suitably qualified Environmental Officer Within this road - Contractor RDA/PMU following the award of the contract. The Environmental Officer will be section during the primary point of contact for assistance with all environmental issues construction during the pre-construction and construction phases. He/ She shall be period responsible for ensuring the implementation of EMP. (b) The Contractor shall appoint a person responsible for community liaison -Do- - -do- -do- and to handle public complaints regarding environmental/ social related matters. All public complaints will be entered into the Complaints Register. The Environmental Officer will promptly investigate and review environmental complaints and implement the appropriate corrective actions to arrest or mitigate the cause of the complaints. A register of all complaints is to be passed to the Engineer within 24 hrs they are received, with the action taken by the Environmental Officer on complains thereof. (c) Contractor shall develop suitable method to receive complaints. The Within this road - -do- -do- complain register shall be placed at a convenient place, easily section during accessible by the public. construction period At local authority and divisional secretary offices (d) Contractor shall prepare detailed Environmental Method Statement Throughout the - -do- -do- (EMS) clearly stating the approach, actions and manner in which the project EMP is implemented. It is required from the contractor to prepare the construction 33 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision EMS for each work site, if work will be carried out at more than one site period at once and time plan for implementation. The EMS shall be updated regularly and submit for Engineers review. 3.0 Operational stage 3.1 Stagnation of water at culverts during heavy rains due to siltation and blocking of openings with debris. (a) Regular clearing/ cleaning and maintenance of all culverts to reduce the At all hydraulic Maintenan RDA chances of failures and blocking due to debris. Maintenance manual of structures within ce cost RDA should be followed to maintain the road drainage system this road section 3.2. Road safety (a) A management plan should be formulated with the local police to avoid Within this road Maintenan RDA RDA, LA any vehicle to carry loads that exceed the carrying capacity (load) of the section ce cost (local police) rehabilitated road. Weigh stations could be introduced at selected locations to measure the load of vehicle. 3.3 Encochement of new ROW (a) Continuous monitoring and strict regulations should be followed to avoid Within this road Maintenan RDA RDA the encroachment. Executive Engineers under direct supervision of section ce cost Chief Engineer and Provincial Director should conduct regular checking along the road and remove any unauthorized activities within the ROW. 3.4 Loss, damage or disruption to fauna (a) Placing warning signs at locations where wild animal movement Within this road Engineerin RDA RDA, DWLC corridors cross the highway. section g cost Such sign posts should be placed at least 1 km before approaching the area in order for the drivers to be more vigilant and reduce speed 3.5 Operation of Milling Machine for Milling of Aspaultic Concrte Pavement (a) The milling machine should be equipped with means to effectively Where milling Engineerin RDA / RdA/PMU/SC operations are 34 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Issues Project phase cost Responsibility Implement Supervision control dust generated by the cutting operation engaged. g cost Contractors (b) Hauling equipment shall be available to receive milled material directly -d0- Maintenan Contractors RDA/PMU/S from the milling machine or loaded from a windrow of milled material ce cost C when approved by the Engineer, and haul it directly to the stockpile. (c) Equipment for removing any loose material during the sweeping -do- Maintenan Contractors RDA/PMU/SC operation shall have the capability to pic the material up off the milled ce cost and / or adjacent roadway and be able to be unload onto the hauling equipment (d) All milled material shall be loaded dierectly to trucks from the milling -do- Maintenan Contractors RDA/PMU/SC machine or from the windrow if approved by the Engineer, and hauled to ce cost the designated stockfile site. Locations selected for stockfiles should be approved by engineer and comply with guidelines/ recommendations issued by the CEA and approvals should be obtained from Local Authorities. Stockfiles shall not be located within 200m from waterways or near to a site or premises of religious, cultural or archeological importance and school. (e) The resultant milled roadway surface should be swept clean -do- Maintenan Contractors RDA/PMU/SC immediately after the removal of the milled material to the stockfiles. ce cost (f) The contractor should at all times minimize contamination of the milled -do- Maintenan Contractors RDA/PMU/SC material with granular or deleterious material. ce cost (g) In aspaultic concrete milling sites within 150 m of the nearest habitation -do- Maintenan Contractors RDA/PMU/SC will be stopped between 20.00 hours to 06.00 hours. No construction ce cost shall take place within 100m around hospitals between 20.00 hours to 06.00 hours. Near noise sensitive sites, such as schools noisy equipment shall not be used during noise sensitive times of the day. (h) Noise limits for milling operations in this project (measured at one meter -do- Maintenan Contractors RDA/PMU/SC from the edge of the road) shall not exceed 75 dB(A). ce cost Note: Proposed additional safety measures are given in Annex – X. 35 Abbreviations CEA - Central Environment Authority DS - Divisional Secretariat PMU - Project Management Unit RDA - Road Development Authority GSMB - Geological Survey and Mines Bureau NWS&DB - National Water Supply and Drainage Board SLT - Sri Lanka Telecom CEB - Ceylon Electricity Board ICTAD - Institute for Construction Training and Development ID - Irrigation Department CCD – Coast Concervation Department SLR – Sri Lanka Railways. LA - Local Authority ILO - International Labor Organization IAD - International Development Agency WB - World Bank PS - Pradeshiya Sabha IE - Irrigation Engineer ME - Mining Engineer MOH - Medical Officer of Health PHI - Public Health Inspector RoW - Right of Way EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment IEE - Initial Environmental Examination RHS - Right Hand Side LHS - Left Hand Side Co-op - Co-opeartive DBH - Diameter at Brest Height IML - Industrial Mining License EPL - Environmental Protection License VET - Vehicular Emission Test EMP - Environmental Management Plan EA - Environmental Assessment AL – Artisinal Mining License 36 ANNEXES ANNEX – I: List & Chainage of Existing Culverts (Hume Pipe & Box) to be Demolished & Rebuilt with More Space & Width, Built-up Leaderways to be repaired, Silttraps to be Erected ANNEX - II: Trees to be Removed or Branches to be Cut ANNEX – III: Proposed Debris and Spoil Disposal Sites ANNEX – IV: Licensed Burrow Sites in Colombo & Kalutara Districts ANNEX – V: Licensed Quarry Sites in Colombo & Kalutara Districts ANNEX – VI: Licensed Sand Mining Sites in Colombo & Kalutara Districts ANNEX – VII: List & Chainage of Environmentally Sensitive Sites along the Roadway (Noise and Air Pollution Sensitive Sites) ANNEX – VIII: Summary of Procedure to Obtain Mining License for Borrow Pit Operation ANNEX – IX: Summary of Procedure to Obtain Mining License for Quarry Operation ANNEX – X: Proposed Additional Safety Measures ANNEX – XI: Recommended Safety Boards Between 30+000 – 40+000 Stretch of A 002 Road 37 ANNEX – I List & Chainage of Existing Culverts (Hume Pipe & Box) to be Demolished & Rebuilt with More Space & Width, Built-up Leaderways to be repaired, Silttraps to be Erected Road Section – 1 (A – 002 Road): (from Maliban Junction – 13+350) to Kurusa Junction – 18+450) Chainage Activity Length of the existing Lead away Drains (M) 13+400 – 13+475 Existing partly damaged box culvert 89.0 13+500 (14/1) to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width 15+100 – 15+120 Existing Box culvert (16/1) to be 334.35 15+200 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width 15+600 – 15+660 Existing two row, partly blocked and 373.64 15+700 water stagnated hume pipe culvert (16/2) to be demolished and erect a new box culvert with more space & width 15+900 – 15+930 Existing built-up leaderway to RHS to 218.92 16+000 be developed 16+300 – 16+370 New culvert is proposed at Katubedda 98.94 16+400 Junction. Built-up leaderway is also proposed along the edge of the LHS side road 16+700 – 16+755 Existing box culvert (17/2) to be 67.24 16+800 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width 17+000 – 17+020 Existing partly damaged box culvert 72.65 17+100 (18/1) to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Existing leaderway to RHS to be 38 developed 17+200 – 17+260 Existing partly damaged box culvert to 28.72 17+300 be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width 17+400 – 17+418 Existing partly damaged & completely 117.66 17+500 blocked box culvert to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width 17+590 Existing partly damaged & completely blocked box culvert to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width 17+600 – 17+590 Existing partly damaged & completely 118.24 17+700 blocked box culvert to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width 18+000 – 18+042 – Existing partly damaged & completely 48.93 18+100 blocked box culvert to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width 39 Road Section – 2 (AB– 011 Road): (from Kurushasa Junction – 0+000) to Panadura Bridge Junction – 6+800) Chainage Activity Length of the existing Lead away Drains (M) 0+000 – 0+100 0+030 Existing partly damaged & blocked box 59.60 culvert to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width 0+100 – 0+200 0+110 Existing partly damaged & blocked box Flow towards culvert no. culvert to be demolished and erect a 1/1 new culvert with more space & width 0+200 Existing partly damaged & blocked box culvert to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width 0+900 – 1+000 0+920 Existing partly damaged & blocked box Flow towards culvert no. culvert (near Frazer Avenue) to be 1/1 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Existing built- up leaderway to LHS is also to be developed. 1+300 – 1+400 1+370 Existing partly damaged & completely Flow towards culvert no. blocked box culvert to be demolished 1/1 and erect a new culvert with more space & width 1+600 – 1+700 1+600 Existing box culvert across the road (In Flow towards culvert no. front of St. Peters Lane). According to the 1/1 villagers, provisions have also been made across the railway line. However, it has not been connected to the sea through a leaderway. In addition, no space to erect a catch pit as well near to 40 the culvert. Therefore, it is recommended to erect a covered built up leaderway and it will have to be connected to the sea through the edges of nearby seaward side roads 2+300 – 2+400 2+300 Existing damaged and blocked box 140.00 culvert (near Koralawella Railway Station) to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. According to the villagers, leaderway of this culvert was diverted to the sea through the railway line. However due to filling of leaderway with soils, water is currently not drained into the sea. It is recommended to re-erect the leaderway (covered built up leaderway) upto the sea. It is also recommended to erect a silttrap at the edge of the connecting point of leaderway to the sea 2+600 – 2+700 2+620 Existing damaged and blocked box 136.00 culvert (near Koralawella Grounds) to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Leaderway of this culvert was diverted to a catch pit. However due to filling of leaderway with soils, water is currently not drained into the catch pit. It is recommended to re- erect the leaderway (covered built up leaderway) upto the catch pit. It is also recommended to erect a silttrap at the edge of the connecting point of leaderway to the catch pit. 2+700 – 2+800 2+800 Existing damaged and blocked box 85.00 culvert to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. According to the villagers, leaderway of 41 this culvert was diverted to the sea through the railway line. However due to filling of leaderway with soils, water is currently not drained into the sea. It is recommended to re-erect the leaderway (covered built up leaderway) upto the sea. It is also recommended to erect a silttrap at the edge of the connecting point of leaderway to the sea. 2+900 – 3+000 2+950 Existing damaged and blocked box 51.00 culvert to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. According to the villagers, leaderway of this culvert was diverted to the sea through the railway line. However due to filling of leaderway with soils, water is currently not drained into the sea. It is recommended to re-erect the leaderway (covered built up leaderway) upto the sea. It is also recommended to erect a silttrap at the edge of the connecting point of leaderway to the sea. 3+100 – 3+200 3+200 Existing damaged and blocked box 44.40 culvert to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. According to the villagers, leaderway of this culvert was diverted to the sea through the railway line. However due to filling of leaderway with soils, water is currently not drained into the sea. It is recommended to re-erect the leaderway (covered built up leaderway) upto the sea. It is also recommended to erect a silttrap at the edge of the connecting point of leaderway to the sea. 42 3+600 – 3+700 3+690 Existing damaged and blocked box 47.40 culvert to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. According to the villagers, leaderway of this culvert was diverted to the sea through the railway line. However due to filling of leaderway with soils, water is currently not drained into the sea. It is recommended to re-erect the leaderway (covered built up leaderway) upto the sea. It is also recommended to erect a silttrap at the edge of the connecting point of leaderway to the sea. 3+900 – 4+000 3+920 Existing damaged and blocked box 58.20 culvert to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. According to the villagers, leaderway of this culvert was diverted to the sea through the railway line. However due to filling of leaderway with soils, water is currently not drained into the sea. It is recommended to re-erect the leaderway (covered built up leaderway) upto the sea. It is also recommended to erect a silttrap at the edge of the connecting point of leaderway to the seapoint of leaderway to the sea. 4+300 – 4+400 4+320 Existing damaged and blocked box 58.80 culvert (near Egoda Uyana Railway Station) to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. According to the villagers, leaderway of this culvert was diverted to the sea through the railway line. However due to filling of leaderway with soils, water is currently not drained into the sea. It is recommended to re-erect the leaderway 43 (covered built up leaderway) upto the sea. It is also recommended to erect a silttrap at the edge of the connecting point of leaderway to the sea. 4+600 – 4+700 4+620 Existing damaged and blocked box 35.00 culvert to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. According to the villagers, leaderway of this culvert was diverted to the sea through the railway line. However due to filling of leaderway with soils, water is currently not drained into the sea. It is recommended to re-erect the leaderway (covered built up leaderway) upto the sea. It is also recommended to erect a silttrap at the edge of the connecting point of leaderway to the sea. 4+800 – 4+900 4+810 Existing damaged and blocked box 34.70 culvert (near Sagara Lane) to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Leaderway of this culvert was diverted to a catch pit. However due to filling of leaderway with soils, water is currently not drained into the catch pit. It is recommended to re- erect the leaderway (covered built up leaderway) upto the catch pit. It is also recommended to erect a silttrap at the edge of the connecting point of leaderway to the catch pit. 5+000 – 5+100 5+080 Existing damaged and blocked box 41.50 culvert (in front of IOC Shed) to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Leaderway of this culvert was diverted to a catch pit. However due to filling of leaderway with 44 soils, water is currently not drained into the catch pit. It is recommended to re- erect the leaderway (covered built up leaderway) upto the catch pit. It is also recommended to erect a silttrap at the edge of the connecting point of leaderway to the catch pit. 5+300 – 5+400 5+360 Existing damaged and blocked box 47.90 culvert to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. According to the villagers, leaderway of this culvert was diverted to the sea through the railway line. However due to filling of leaderway with soils, water is currently not drained into the sea. It is recommended to re-erect the leaderway (covered built up leaderway) upto the sea. It is also recommended to erect a silttrap at the edge of the connecting point of leaderway to the sea. 5+800 – 5+900 5+815 Existing damaged and blocked box 47.30 culvert (near Vijitha Mawatha) to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. According to the villagers, leaderway of this culvert was diverted to the sea through the railway line. However due to filling of leaderway with soils, water is currently not drained into the sea. It is recommended to re- erect the leaderway (covered built up leaderway) upto the sea. It is also recommended to erect a silttrap at the edge of the connecting point of leaderway to the sea. 5+835 – 5+860 Remove dumped soil materials in 45 the RHS shoulder. 5+900 – 6+000 5+980 Existing damaged and blocked box 118.80 culvert to be demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Leaderway of this culvert was diverted to a catch pit. However due to filling of leaderway with soils, water is currently not drained into the catch pit. It is recommended to re-erect the leaderway (covered built up leaderway) upto the catch pit. It is also recommended to erect a silttrap at the edge of the connecting point of leaderway to the catch pit. 6+800 Bridge over Moratuwa Ganga Moratuwa Ganga 46 47 Road Section – 3 (A – 002 Road): (from Panadura Bridge Junction – 25+250) to Nalluruwa 30th km Post Junction – 30+000) Chainage Activity Length of the existing Lead away Drains (M) 25+300 Existing Box culvert (26/1) to be 97.49 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Also develop partly damaged built up leaderway in RHS. Leaderway is connected to Bolgoda Lake. Erect siltltap at the edge of connecting point of culvert to the leaderway. 25+300 – 25+385 Existing Box culvert (26/2) to be 70.0 25+400 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Also develop partly damaged built up leaderway in RHS. Leaderway is connected to Bolgoda Lake. Erect siltltap at the edge of connecting point of culvert to the leaderway. 25+400 – 25+465 Existing Box culvert (26/3) to be 50.00 25+500 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Also develop partly damaged built up leaderway in RHS. Leaderway is connected to Bolgoda Lake. Erect siltltap at the edge of connecting point of culvert to the leaderway. 48 25+500 – 25+565 Existing Box culvert to be 372.00 25+600 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Also develop partly damaged built up leaderway in RHS. Leaderway is connected to Bolgoda Lake. Erect siltltap at the edge of connecting point of culvert to the leaderway. 25+700 – 25+750 Existing Box culvert to be 80.00 25+800 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Also develop partly damaged built up leaderway in RHS. Leaderway is connected to Bolgoda Lake. Erect siltltap at the edge of connecting point of culvert to the leaderway. 25+800 – 25+835 Existing recently erected minor 303.59 25+900 bridge over minor stream. Leaderway is connected to Bolgoda Lake. Erect siltltap at the four entering points of built- up side drains to the minor stream. 26+200 – 26+225 Existing Box culvert (27/1) to be 150.00 26+300 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Also develop partly damaged built up leaderway in RHS. 26+300 – 26+335 Existing Box culvert (27/2) to be 345.77 26+400 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Also develop partly damaged built up leaderway in RHS. 49 26+400 – 26+475 Existing Box culvert to be 100.00 26+500 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Also develop partly blocked & damaged built up leaderway in RHS. 26+500 – 26+520 Existing built up partly blocked 100.00 26+600 and damaged leaderway in RHS to be developed 26+700 – 26+700 Existing built up partly blocked 305.27 26+800 and damaged leaderway in RHS to be developed 27+000 – 27+050 Existing Box culvert (28/1) to be 200.00 27+100 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width 27+400 – 27+495 Existing Box culvert (28/3) to be 143.72 27+500 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. 27+900 – 27+915 Proposed culvert to be erected 242.93 28+000 with enough space and width. Proposed covered built-uo leaderway along the edge of the side road towards LHS direction. 28+000 – 28+095 Proposed build up covered 364.18 28+100 leaderway along the left edge of the side road (Sri Sumangala Boys School) in RHS. 28+100 – 28+200 Existing Box culvert to be 1500.00 28+200 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Also develop partly blocked & damaged built up leaderway in LHS. 50 28+500 – 28+560 Existing Box culvert to be 1000.00 28+600 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Also develop partly blocked & damaged built up leaderway in LHS. 28+600 – 28+640 Proposed build up covered 1500.00 28+700 leaderway along the left edge of the side road (Galwetimodera Road) in RHS. 29+200 – 29+205 Existing Box culvert to be 1500.00 29+300 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Also develop partly blocked & damaged built up leaderway in LHS 28+400 – 28+480 Existing Box culvert to be 181.00 28+500 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Also develop partly blocked & damaged built up leaderway in LHS 29+000 – 29+015 Existing Box culvert to be 134.00 29+100 demolished and erect a new culvert with more space & width. Also develop partly blocked & damaged built up leaderway in LHS (along the side of Bodhirukkarama road) 29+900 – Panadura Ganga Panadura Ganga 30+000 51 ANNEX – II Trees to be Removed / Branches to be Cut ABBREVIATIONS: RHS – Right Hand Side, LHS – Left Hand Side, C – Centre, BC – Cutting Branches, RE – Remove, E – Electricity , T – Telephone, V - Vehicles Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for A 2 Road 13+400 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC T 13+430 RHS Ficus religiosa Boo I BC T 13+435 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T 13+435 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 13+440 RHS Ficus religiosa Boo I BC T 52 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 13+440 C Tabebuia rosea I BC E 13+445 RHS Tamarindus indica Siyabala I BC T 13+465 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 13+490 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 13+525 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 13+565 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 13+600 LHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC E 13+630 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 13+720 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC E 13+770 C Tabebuia rosea I BC E 13+785 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 13+950 C Peltophorum pterocarpum N BC E 14+010 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC E 14+050 C Peltophorum pterocarpum N BC E/T 14+065 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC E/T 14+075 C Peltophorum pterocarpum N BC V 14+095 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC T 14+175 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 14+230 RHS Artocarpus heterophyllus Kos I BC T 14+235 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC T 14+247 RHS Artocarpus heterophyllus Kos I BC T 14+270 LHS Spondias dulcis Amberella I BC T 14+275 LHS Spondias dulcis Amberella I BC T 14+280 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T 53 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 14+285 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T 14+355 RHS Artocarpus heterophyllus Kos I BC E/T 14+405 RHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E 14+415 RHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E 14+425 RHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E 14+432 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E 14+440 RHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E 14+475 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 14+485 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 14+560 LHS Samanea saman Para Mara I BC V 14+565 LHS Samanea saman Para Mara I BC E 14+585 LHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC E 14+595 LHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC E 14+600 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 14+605 LHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 14+605 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T 14+608 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 14+615 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T 14+650 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T 14+655 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T 14+665 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T 14+690 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T 14+710 LHS Casuarina equisetifolia Kasa I BC T 14+718 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T 54 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 14+725 LHS Tabebuia rosea I BC T 14+770 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 14+775 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 14+778 LHS Tabebuia rosea I BC V 14+968 LHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC T 14+970 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T 14+975 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T 14+980 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T 14+985 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T 15+060 LHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E/T 15+070 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/T 15+075 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/T 15+100 C Tabebuia rosea I BC E/T/V 15+160 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 15+180 LHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E/T/V 15+190 LHS Artocarpus heterophyllus Kos I BC E/T 15+195 LHS Polyalthia longifolia Owila N BC E/T 15+203 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+211 LHS Polyalthia longifolia Owila N BC E/T 15+215 LHS Anacardium occidentale Cadju I BC E/T 15+216 LHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC E/T 15+220 LHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC T 15+240 RHS Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC E/V 15+260 C Tabebuia rosea I BC E/V 55 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 15+290 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+300 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+355 RHS Sterculia foetida Telambu N BC E/T 15+356 LHS Tabebuia rosea I BC T/V 15+380 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 15+430 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 15+432 LHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E 15+440 LHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E 15+445 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E 15+445 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+460 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+460 RHS Delonix regia May Mara I BC E 15+460 LHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E 15+475 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 15+485 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+485 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 15+485 LHS Tectona grandis Thekka I BC E 15+500 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+550 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+550 LHS Tabebuia rosea I BC E 15+570 RHS Muntingia calabura Jam I BC E 15+580 LHS Gmelina arborea Ath Demata N BC E 15+590 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 15+618 LHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC E 56 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 15+620 LHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC E/V 15+623 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 15+650 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 15+655 LHS Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+680 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 15+697 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+720 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E 15+750 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 15+825 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+870 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+880 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 15+880 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 15+895 LHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC E 15+910 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+935 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 15+965 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 16+025 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 16+105 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC V 16+135 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 16+150 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T 16+160 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 16+170 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 16+180 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E 16+190 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 57 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 16+205 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 16+280 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 16+310 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 16+345 C Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V 16+340 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 16+365 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 16+415 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 16+425 LHS Alstonia scholaris Ruk Attana N BC E 16+438 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 16+445 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 16+450 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V 16+465 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V 16+470 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V 16+477 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 16+490 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V 16+495 RHS Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC T 16+600 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V 16+610 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V 16+615 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 16+620 RHS Alstonia scholaris Ruk Attana N BC T/V 16+623 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V 16+630 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V 16+645 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V 16+660 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V 58 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 16+690 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC T/V 16+715 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 16+725 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 16+733 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 16+775 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 16+800 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T 16+810 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V 16+830 C Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E 16+960 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 16+970 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 17+000 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+010 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 17+015 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 17+025 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V 17+035 C Tabebuia rosea I RE V 17+050 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+060 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC E/V 17+115 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+150 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC E/V 17+165 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+195 C Samanea saman Para Mara I BC V 17+200 C Ficus sp. Nuga N BC V 17+215 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+240 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 59 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 17+240 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E 17+275 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC V 17+300 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC V 17+320 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+320 RHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E 17+325 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+400 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+410 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+455 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+490 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC V 17+540 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 17+543 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 17+550 RHS Casuarina equisetifolia Kasa I BC E 17+555 C Azadirachta indica Kohomba N BC V 17+595 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+620 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+635 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+720 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+740 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+755 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 17+790 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 17+800 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+860 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+863 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 60 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 17+920 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+940 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC V 17+950 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 17+970 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 17+975 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 17+980 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 17+985 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+000 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+005 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+040 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 18+130 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+150 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 18+160 C Ficus religiosa Boo I BC V 18+180 C Ficus sp. Nuga N BC V 18+195 C Ficus sp. Nuga N BC V 18+200 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+280 C Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC V 18+288 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+320 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+340 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+355 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+370 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 18+410 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 61 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 25+295 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 25+600 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E 25+860 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 25+950 RHS Peltophorum pterocarpum N BC V 26+100 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E 26+185 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V 26+270 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 26+300 LHS Peltophorum pterocarpum N BC E/T 26+475 LHS Lannea coromandelica Hik N BC E 26+500 RHS Cocos nucifera Pol N BC T 26+530 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 26+535 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 26+560 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 26+775 RHS Ficus religiosa Boo I BC V 26+835 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 26+950 RHS Alstonia scholaris Ruk Attana N BC V 26+985 RHS Ceiba pentandra Pulun I BC V 27+000 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 27+010 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 27+135 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 27+160 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 27+197 LHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E/V 27+298 LHS Leucaena leucocephala Ipil Ipil I BC E/V 27+305 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V 62 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 27+408 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 27+420 RHS Muntingia calabura Jam I BC E/V 27+430 RHS Delonix regia May Mara I BC E/V 27+425 RHS Delonix regia May Mara I BC E/V 27+580 RHS Polyalthia longifolia Owila N BC E 27+585 RHS Tectona grandis Thekka I BC E 27+595 RHS Tectona grandis Thekka I BC E 27+600 RHS Polyalthia longifolia Owila N BC E 27+603 RHS Polyalthia longifolia Owila N BC E 27+670 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V 27+725 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 27+740 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 27+775 RHS Leucaena leucocephala Ipil Ipil I RE E/V 27+777 RHS Leucaena leucocephala Ipil Ipil I BC E/V 27+800 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 27+800 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 27+825 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V 27+830 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V 27+840 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V 27+850 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V 27+900 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V 27+935 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V 27+950 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 27+960 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 63 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 27+960 RHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E/V 27+965 RHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E/V 27+980 RHS Tectona grandis Thekka I BC E/V 27+985 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC E/V 27+990 RHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC E/V 28+015 RHS Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC E/V 28+020 RHS Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC E/V 28+110 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 28+135 RHS Tabebuia rosea I BC E/V 28+240 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T/V 28+245 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T/V 28+405 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/T 28+475 LHS Ficus benghalensis Maha Nuga N BC E/T 28+725 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T/V 28+775 RHS Cassia fistula Ehela N BC E/T/V 28+850 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T/V 28+855 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T/V 28+920 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 28+925 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 28+940 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T 28+955 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T/V 29+000 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T/V 29+050 RHS Polyalthia longifolia Owila N BC T 29+090 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T/V 64 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 29+155 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/T 29+200 RHS Artocarpus heterophyllus Kos I BC T 29+225 RHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC T 29+230 RHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC T 29+280 RHS Plumeria obtusa Araliya I BC T/V 29+325 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V 29+385 RHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC T/V 29+400 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V 29+430 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T/V 29+455 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T 29+470 RHS Filicium decipiens Pehimbiya N BC T/V 29+540 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T 29+550 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V 29+570 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V 29+615 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T/V 29+622 RHS Limonia acidissima Divul N BC T 29+650 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T/V 29+685 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC T/V 29+725 RHS Artocarpus heterophyllus Kos I BC T/V 29+755 RHS Swietenia macrophylla Mahogani I BC T/V 29+760 RHS Swietenia macrophylla Mahogani I BC T/V 29+761 RHS Swietenia macrophylla Mahogani I BC T/V 29+762 RHS Swietenia macrophylla Mahogani I BC T/V 29+780 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC T 65 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 29+910 RHS Cassia fistula Ehela N BC T/V AB 11 Road 0+029 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 0+033 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 0+115 C Tabebuia rosea I BC V 0+123 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+138 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 0+150 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 0+190 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 0+320 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 0+325 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+343 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 0+355 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 0+405 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 0+425 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 0+550 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 0+590 RHS Barringtonia asiatica Diya Midella N BC E 0+595 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 0+690 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+695 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+700 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+740 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+750 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 66 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 0+810 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 0+825 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+835 C Acacia melanoxylon I BC V 0+875 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 0+883 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 0+990 LHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E/V 1+035 LHS Ficus religiosa Boo I BC E/V 1+105 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 1+240 LHS Acacia melanoxylon I BC E 1+255 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 1+475 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 1+535 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 1+555 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 1+580 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 1+790 LHS Cocos nucifera Pol N BC E 1+800 LHS Cocos nucifera Pol N BC E 1+850 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 1+985 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 2+050 C Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC V 2+055 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 2+060 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 2+065 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 2+100 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 2+120 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 67 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 2+128 RHS Ficus religiosa Boo I BC E 2+200 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 2+320 RHS Ficus religiosa Boo I BC E 2+350 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I RE E 2+380 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 2+525 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 2+605 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 2+740 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 2+750 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 2+800 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 3+335 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 3+340 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 4+180 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 4+195 LHS Thespesia populnea Suriya N BC E 4+275 RHS Calophyllum inophyllum Domba N BC E 5+900 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 5+915 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 5+965 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 6+008 C Acacia mangium I BC V 6+025 C Acacia mangium I BC V 6+040 C Acacia mangium I BC V 6+055 C Acacia mangium I BC V 6+160 RHS Mangifera indica Amba I BC E 6+190 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 68 Chanage Side Species Local Name Status Action Obstruct for 6+360 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 6+370 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 6+380 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 6+390 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 6+405 LHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E 6+685 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 6+730 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 6+735 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V 6+750 RHS Terminalia catappa Kottan I BC E/V ANNEX – III Proposed Debris and Spoil Disposal Sites These sites are subjected to approval of DS, LA & Engineer 1. Ball Clay Mined pits around Wasgamuwa near Wadduwa 69 2. Below Surface Mined and Presently Abandoned Quarry Sites around Korathota near Athurugiriya 70 71 Annex – IV Licensed Burrow Sites in Colombo & Kalutara Districts Colombo District: Mining Licence No Holder Name Address District Divisional Mineral Catagary Coordinates Coordinates Sec. N E IML/A/HO/3648/LR01 Moragoda No.274,Thalangama,Koswatta Colombo Homagama Graval IML/A 120657 181797 Constuction Engineering Company IML/A/HO/4076/LR1 G.D.Kithsiri 315/B Halpe , Katana Colombo Padukka Graval IML/A 182846 128548 IML/A/HO/5641 Hesei Construction 12/3, janatha mw Colombo Hanwella Graval IML/A 193117 134181 IML/B/HO/2785/LR1 T.D.N.Liyanage 437/1,Angampitiya,Padukka Colombo Homagama Graval IML/B 120706 186767 IML/B/HO/4891 A.G.I.Shamika 262 C,Godagagama Rd,Athurugiriya Colombo Hanwella Graval IML/B 128658 187868 IML/B/HO/5154 P.K.Samantha 268/6,Lenagalawatte,Welipillawa,dedi Colombo Padukka Graval IML/B 126644 180368 gamuwa IML/B/HO/5469 K.Chandrasiri 239/1,Croos Rd,Hanwella Colombo Hanwella Graval IML/B 187746 125275 IML/B/HO/5601 R.A.J.P.K.Ranasingha 237 Ajantha Road , Dedigamuwa Colombo Hoamagama Graval IML/B 182848 118175 IML/B/HO/5679 Lal Enterprises 118/2, Ihala Bomiriya, Kaduwela Colombo Homagama Graval IML/B 186382 120396 IML/B/HO/5707 P.S.Kumara 475/A 2 Halapitiya, Welimala Colombo Homagama Graval IML/B 175592 112962 Kalutara District: Mining Licence No Holder Name Address District Divisional Mineral Catagary Coordinates Coordinates Sec. N E IML/B/HO/4924 J.Jayasingha 29,Malamulla West,Panadura Kalutara Panadura Graval IML/B 106557 170111 IML/B/HO/4940 V.R.Chaminda 76,Mahabellana,Alubomulla Kalutara Panadura Graval IML/B 171112 107880 IML/B/HO/4984 S.D.U.A.Karunatilaka Thillak,Heralankumbuwa,Beruwala Kalutara Beruwala Graval IML/B 111520 143559 IML/B/HO/5002 D.P.A.K.Silva Sumanarama Temple Kalutara Kalutara Graval IML/B 114597 150510 Rd,Enegama,Payagala 72 Mining Licence No Holder Name Address District Divisional Mineral Catagary Coordinates Coordinates Sec. N E IML/B/HO/3467 W.J.E.M.Abesekara Bandaragama Rd,Nugegoda, 1st Kaluthara Kaluthara Graval IML/B 160670 111720 Lane,Waskaduwa IML/B/HO/3690/LR/1 T.D.N.Liyanage 437/1,Angampitiya,Padukka Kaluthara Horana Graval IML/B 123101 174793 IML/B/HO/5077 K.k.N.Dhammika Kosgahaudumulla,Payagala Kaluthara Beruwela Graval IML/B IML/B/HO/5218 N.S.Dasanayake 164, Kumbuka Esat, Gonapola, Kaluthara Horana Graval IML/B 176032 120795 Junction IML/B/HO/5467 W.J.E.M.Abesekara Bandaragama Rd,Nugegoda,1st Kaluthara Kaluthara Graval IML/B 160670 111720 Lane,Waskaduwa IML/B/HO/5583 A.R.M.Jabeer No 67,De Alwis Place,kaluthara Kaluthara Kalutara Graval IML/B 111607 110606 South IML/B/HO/5616 Malalathunga Const Horana Rd, Neboda Kaluthara Dodangoda Graval IML/B 152233 125608 IML/B/HO/5674 A.A.D.J.P.Amarasingha 107, Malegama, wadduwa Kaluthara Kalutara Graval IML/B IML/B/HO/5802 M.H.S.A.Mendis Pothupitiya, Wadduwa Kaluthara Kalutara Graval IML/B 159818 108576 73 Annex – V Licensed Quarry Sites in Colombo & Kalutara Districts Colombo District: Mining Licence No Holder Name Address District Divisional Mineral Catagary Coordinates Coordinates Sec. N E AL/A/HO/1039/LR/01/ W.L.Perera 390/1,Rathnarama Rd,Hokanda Colombo Malambe Aggreg AL/A 111072 187436 R/02 North,Hokandara ate IML/A/HO/2860/R02 Hesei Construction No12/3,Janatha Mw,Maharagama Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/A 115793 189513 IML/A/HO/4326/LR/01 Nimal Enterprises 536,Nawagamuwa,Ranala Colombo Kaduwela Aggreg IML/A 190471 115268 ate IML/B/HO/085/R2 S.M.W.Jayasundara 690/A Nawagamuwa Ranala Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 115193 190445 IML/B/HO/1160/LR/02 D.L.Dissanayake 521/B,Haritha Eastate,Ehala Colombo Hanwella Aggreg IML/B 167222 125233 Hanwella,Hanwella ate IML/B/HO/1162/LR2 K.A.D.D.J.Kuruppu 338, Pahala Bomiriya Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/B 180494 112222 IML/B/HO/1167/LR1 S.A.Sirisena 762, Walgama Rd, Athurugiriya Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/B 136639 184373 IML/B/HO/1224/LR/3 G.R.K.C.Balasooriya 742,Gemunu Mw,Homagama Colombo Homagama Aggreg IML/B 184246 113545 ate IML/B/HO/1260/LR2 K.M.Nandasara 336, Nawagamuwa South, Ranala Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 191295 115383 IML/B/HO/1299/LR/03 P.A.Chandrasiri No 855,Nawagamuwa,Ranala Colombo Kaduwela Aggreg IML/B 190762 117112 ate IML/B/HO/1384/LR3 M.J.S.Kumara 526/2,Pitipana,South Homagama Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/B 120791 180339 IML/B/HO/1441/LR2 R.M.Jinasena 76, Dedigamuwa Ranala Colombo Malambe MQUR IML/B 189484 117332 IML/B/HO/1517/R1/L M.A.Rampala 651/52/B Pinkeththa Road, Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/B 183980 113777 R1 Homaqgama IML/B/HO/1558/LR/04 A.H.S.Dias 436/3,Arangala,Hokandara Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/B 180047 120762 ate IML/B/HO/1671/LR2 A.S.Shantha 1104/1,Talangama North,Malabe Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/B 184566 125573 IML/B/Ho/1731/LR/02 S.A.L.I.Sandanayake 217,arangala,Hokandara Colombo Homagama Aggreg IML/B 181657 120038 ate IML/B/HO/1804/LR L.H.Piyasena & Pvt Ltd 151,Nawala Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/B 125842 184852 Rd,Narahenpita,Colombo 5 IML/B/HO/189/LR3 B.G.Danasekara 78,Jayasiri Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 1489534 117467 House,Ambagahawela,Ranala IML/B/HO/1938/LR/2 A.K.Samantha 241,Pahala Bomiriya,Kaduwela Colombo Hanwella Aggreg IML/B 188159 125176 ate 74 IML/B/HO/1960/LR/1 H.A.S.S.Kumara 972,Udugoda Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 190633 117201 RD,Nawagamuwa,Ranala IML/B/HO/1970/LR1 P.S.Kularathna 101, Kuda kanda Thunnana, Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/B 186390 124680 Hanwella IML/B/HO/2159/R2 Mr.Henry & Company 316, Habarakada Homagama Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/B 120953 181226 IML/B/HO/2426/LR1 P.D.Wimalawathie 299/2, Samupakara Mw, Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 189876 115647 Mawagamuwa, South Ranala IML/B/HO/253/R1/LR S.D.S.R.Senarathna Morakele Estate Kiriwana - Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/B 188069 125632 2 Pinnawala Waga IML/B/HO/2551/LR/2 P.D.K.Pathmalath 687/1,Samupakara Colombo Kaduwela Aggreg IML/B 190 115 Mw,Nawagamuwa South,Ranala ate IML/B/HO/2638/LR/2 H.N.K.Anura 10,Deddeniya,Hanwella Colombo Hanwella Aggreg IML/B 125766 188610 ate IML/B/HO/2796/LR2 B.A.P.Premajeewa 194/1,Horana Rd,Kottawa Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/B 185067 125884 IML/B/HO/2858/LR02 W.S.P.Construction 194,Hokandara North,Malabe Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/B 188258 128414 Company (Pvt) Ltd IML/B/HO/2933/LR1 T.Weerarsiri 82/2,Horaketiya Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 189308 116011 Rd,Puwakgahadeniya,Koratota,Kadu wela IML/B/HO/2936/LR1 A.Wanaguru 760/1,Walgama Rd,Aturugiriya Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/B 184256 113721 IML/B/HO/300/LR/1 H.A.S.S.Perera 163, Bope, Padukka Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/B 180790 130398 ate IML/B/HO/3074 H.P.Wimalasiri 305,Kahahena,Waga Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/B 187634 128877 IML/B/HO/3212/LR2 M.S.l.Perera 410/E,Pahala Bomiriya,Kaduwela Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/B 186629 120852 IML/B/HO/3380/LR1 Star Metal Construction 67/1,Panaluwa,watareka,Oadukka Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/B 179925 120784 IML/B/HO/3502/LR1 K.K.Dayananda 241,Korathota,Kaduwela Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/B 187594 125720 IML/B/HO/3536/LR1 W.D.N.Weeratunga 172/C,Suhada Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 190022 115061 Mw,Kotalawala,Kaduwela IML/B/HO/3713/LR1 K.D.L.Gunathilake 380/B,Leland Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/B 182215 122042 Junction,Panagoda,Homagama IML/B/HO/3758/LR1 W.A.L.Bandara 424,Koratota North,Kaduwela Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 190415 114806 IML/B/HO/3759/LR/1 S.A.Jagath 106,Sri,Niwasa,Ranala,Kaduwela Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/B 187249 127660 ate IML/B/HO/3764/LR/01 K.A.Jayaweera No.41/1,Pitipana North,Homagama Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/B 185067 125632 ate IML/B/HO/3899/LR1 A.Senadeera 266,Pahala Bomiriya,Kaduwela Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 115358 191149 IML/B/HO/421/LR2 M.H.Priyantha 414,Koratota,Kaduwela Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 113215 189369 IML/B/HO/422/LR3 M.Somasiri 106/1,Janiswatha,Wijitawansarama Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 188945 117501 Rd,Ranala IML/B/HO/426/LR/3 R.A.W.Ranasingha `280/4,Bomiriya,Kaduwela Colombo Hanwella Aggreg IML/B 188621 125643 ate IML/B/HO/4315 Magna Holdings Pvt 428,Kandy Rd,Peliyagoda Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 115362 191087 Ltd 75 IML/B/HO/4332 A.V.V.Suwarnalatha 390/1,Adukolandawata Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 115757 189223 IML/B/HO/4455 H.D.S.Chandrasiri 75,Hospital Rd,Nawagamuwa,Ranala Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/B 187529 126555 IML/B/HO/485/LR2 P.Hemachandra Neelawalangalawatta, Maduwala. Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/B 179815 121285 Padukka IML/B/HO/4867 S.A.P.Nishantha 203/D,Dampe,Meegoda Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/B 180230 120909 IML/B/HO/4879 W.D.Piyasena 526/11,Iahala Bomiriya,Hanwella Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 191389 115189 IML/B/HO/4897 T.A.Cyril 113/1,Digdeniya,Hanwella Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/B 187395 126461 IML/B/HO/4898 W.P.M.Perera 65/B,Rukmale,Pannipitiya Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 184585 113533 IML/B/HO/4900 J.N.Walpitia 720/K,Goda park,Talangama,South Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/B 187007 125660 Battaramulla IML/B/HO/4951 P.W.M.D.Prasanna 457/1,Nagahawata,Pitipana Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/B 179799 120291 North,Homagama IML/B/HO/499/LR/3 R.P.A.Pathirana 270/2,Pahala Bomiriya,Kaduwela Colombo Kaduwela Aggreg IML/B 191371 1152167 ate IML/B/HO/5026 R.A.S.Ranasingha 242/E,Dewalawata,Koratota,Kaduwel Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 114987 190121 a IML/B/HO/5028 G.P.Perera 39,Galwarusa Colombo Hsnwella MQUR IML/B 188357 129067 Junction,Korathota,Kaduwela IML/B/HO/5112 M.D.Kuruvitaarachi Sirimatipaya,Meepe Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/B 184435 125221 Junction,Padukka IML/B/HO/5126 A.W.C.Wickramasingh 246,Watareka,Padukka Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/B 179953 121284 e ate IML/B/HO/5312 R.P.C.Pathirana 270/2,Pahala Bomiriya,Kaduwela Colombo Hanwella Aggreg IML/B 188160 125171 ate IML/B/HO/5397 M.S.D.Perera 200/D,Hokandara north Malabe Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/B 184529 125368 ate IML/B/HO/5539 Wataraka Holding 393/1/5,Dutugamunu Colombo Homagama Aggreg IML/B (Pvt)Ltd Mw,Thalangama North,Thalangama ate IML/B/HO/555/LR3 M.S.D.Perera 200/D,Hokandar North,Malabe Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 187602 111076 IML/B/HO/561/LR/3 l.h.pIYASENA & ( PVT 151,Nawala Rd, Narahenpita, Colombo Kaduwela Aggreg IML/B 115672 189897 ) Ltd Colombo05 ate IML/B/HO/5660 K.A.Jayaweera 41/1,Pitipana north,Homagama Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/B 184927 125483 ate IML/B/HO/5805 T.D.L.Talagala 210/4 pitipana north,Homagama Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/B 120364 179963 ate IML/B/HO/5865 L.H.Piyasena & 151,Nawala Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/B 184997 125591 Company (Pvt)Ltd Rd,Narahenpita,Colombo 05 ate IML/B/HO/5900 A.h.S.Rodrigo 287/1,Horagala,Kiriwaththuduwa Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/B 178650 121491 ate IML/B/HO/650/LR1/R S.A.L.I.Sandanayaka 217,Arangala,Hokandara Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/B 110789 187964 1 IML/C/HO/012/LR/03 P.P.Vithana 335,Ihala Kosgama,Kosgama Colombo Seethawaka Aggreg IML/C 131551 193962 ate IML/C/HO/024/LR2 H.V.Jayarathna 118,Pahala Kosgama Colombo hanwella MQUR IML/C 193426 128956 76 IML/C/HO/058/LR03 N.Wanaguru 386/D,Walgama Rd,Athurugiriya Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 184327 113610 IML/C/HO/058/LR3 N.Wanaguru 386/D Walgama Rd, Athurugiriya Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 184327 113610 IML/C/HO/082/LR/3 H.T.Karunadasa 255,Pahala Bomiriya,Kaduwela Colombo Kaduwela Aggreg IML/C 115271 191754 ate IML/C/HO/082/LR3 H.T.Karunadasa 255. Pahala Bomiriya, Kaduwela Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 115271 191754 IML/C/HO/083/R3 H.M.C.Gunasekara 327, Asokarama Mawatha Ihala Colombo Malambe MQUR IML/C 191701 115276 Bomiriya Kaduwela IML/C/HO/1042/LR2 W.S.M.Silva 514, Highlevel Rd, Highlevel Rd - Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 184119 114124 Gangodawila, Nugegoda IML/C/HO/106/LR/03 A.A.C.Punyadasa 99/2,Moragahagalgiodawatte,Kiriwat Colombo Homagama Aggreg IML/C 177249 117298 hthuduwa ate IML/C/HO/108/LR/3 G.I.Perera 69/C,Punchi Sunday Colombo Homagama Aggreg IML/C 176302 115763 Pola,Kiriwaththuduwa ate IML/C/HO/109/LR2 S.A.Dharmappriya 750,Gemunu Mawatha,Homagama Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 114085 184061 IML/C/HO/109/R2 S.A.Dharmapriya 750, Gemunu Mawatha, Homagama Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 114085 184061 IML/C/HO/1093/R/3 G.L.I.Nalani 102/1,Samagi Colombo Aggreg IML/C 184570 113322 Mw,Magammana,Homagama ate IML/C/HO/1140/LR/2 D.P.Amarasingha 534,Athurugiriya Rd,Malabe Colombo Homagama Aggreg IML/C 185165 117921 ate IML/C/HO/1204/LR1 W.H.Somadasa 227,Kumuduni,Dampe,Meegoda Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/C 180101 120759 IML/C/HO/127/LR1 D.K.P.Welikala 117, Madukuwawa South Padukka Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 122610 181147 IML/C/HO/1321/R1/L A.S.Gamlath Chandragiri,Horana Rd,Padukka Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/C 181338 123045 R1 IML/C/HO/1330/LR1 K.W.P.Wijayarathna 186/3 Ihala Kosgama Kosgama Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/C 194063 131372 IML/C/HO/1378/LR1 D.S.C.Panagoda 755, Gemunu Mw, Homagama Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 184025 114996 IML/C/HO/1648/LR1/ K.Hemalatha 415/3 Leland Rd Panagoda Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 185694 117808 R1 Homagama IML/C/HO/1801/LR1/ S.R.N.L.Jayawardhane 637/5, Pinhena Rd Homagama Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/C 128831 187909 R1 IML/C/HO/188/LR3 M.D.Nandasena 521, Jaya Mawatha Dedigamuwa Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 117428 188843 IML/C/HO/1907/LR1/ P.G.J.P.Gamage 827, Thalapitiya, Nawagamuwa, Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/C 127636 188603 R1 Ranala IML/C/HO/1915/LR2 G.R.Rajapaksha 348, Welikadayayawatta, Panagoda, Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 117678 185636 Dedigamuwa IML/C/HO/2006/LR2 G.A.D.C.Ganegoda 242,Mabima,Heiyantuduwa Colombo Biyagama MQUR IML/C 111021 193021 IML/C/HO/2035/LR1 K.G.G.Hemachchandra 199/A Wevelpanawa Padukka Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/C 185002 125833 IML/C/HO/206/LR2 R.Jinoris 261, Dampe Meegoda Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/C 179724 120534 IML/C/HO/2069/LR2 D.D.A.Padmasiri 98, Rathnagiri, Kahanthota Rd, Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 185782 115480 Malabe IML/C/HO/2111/LR2 D.S.Dias Akkara Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 186018 118767 35,Lenagalawatta,Dedigamuwa IML/C/HO/2127/LR1 H.W.A.Chandra 238/A Pahala Bomiriya. kaduwela Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 191113 115083 77 IML/C/HO/2223/LR2 K.D.R.Kumara 447/2,Embulgama Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 185755 117280 RD,Panagoda,Homagama IML/C/HO/2285/R1/L K.D.A.Palitha 250/4 A Galabadawatta Athurugiriya Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 185656 117898 R1 IML/C/HO/2294/LR2 M.D.N.Fernando 524,Dedigamuwa Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 188767 117411 IML/C/HO/2456/LR2 N.A.Kalubowila 496, Welihinda, Kaduwela Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 191752 114956 IML/C/HO/2557/R2 P.S.Kapuruge 380/A,Leland Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 117143 185915 Junction,Panagoda,Homagama IML/C/HO/2620/R2 W.Y.N.Perera 327, Highlevel Rd, Moraketiya, Colombo Maharagama MQUR IML/C 113370 183534 Pannipitiya IML/C/HO/2671 H.C.J.Perera 451, Galwalawatta Athurugiriya Colombo Malabe MQUR IML/C IML/C/HO/2739/LR/2 D.D.Wijerathna 395/d/2, Walgama, Athurugiriya Colombo Kaduwela Aggreg IML/C 184682 113499 ate IML/C/HO/2975/R/2 M.R.Perera 378/10/C,Rathnarama Rd,Hokandara Colombo Kaduwela Aggreg IML/C 187696 111032 North,Hokandara ate IML/C/HO/300/LR/2 H.A.S.SPerera 163,Bope, Padukka Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/C 180790 130398 ate IML/C/HO/3185/R1 S.A.C.Samarasingha Attamunukanda,Walgama,Athurugiriy Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 113552 134612 a IML/C/HO/3350/LR1 S.Hettiarachi 81,Dedigamuwa,Ranala Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 189544 117607 IML/C/HO/338/LR/1 S.P.Godamune 07,Panaluwa,Watareka,Padukka Colombo Homagama Aggreg IML/C 186611 120966 ate IML/C/HO/3488/LR1 G.D.H.S.K.Senarathna 457/A,Koratota,Kaduwela Colombo Malabe MQUR IML/C 114006 190151 IML/C/HO/3596/LR/1 K.Kumarage No 63, horagala East, Padukka Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/C 178391 120914 ate IML/C/HO/3609/LR1 S.S.K.Dampahalage 381/A,walgama,Aturugiriya Colombo Malabe MQUR IML/C 184519 113384 IML/C/HO/3684/LR1 M.D.P.J.Jayatilaka 286/1,Horagala,Kiriwathuduwa Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/C 178472 120581 IML/C/HO/3708/LR1 S.A.Jayasena 790/2,Sri mahinda Mw,Homagama Colombo Malabe MQUR IML/C 184957 113367 IML/C/HO/374/LR1/R G.D.Vithanage 201/A Pamunugama Rd, Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 120784 179925 1 Maharagama IML/C/HO/3762/LR/1 K.A.Lalith No 82/1, Arakawila, Hadapangoda Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/C 125772 185084 ate IML/C/HO/3941/LR/01 P.D.Chandrarathne 364B,Ingiriya Rd,Padukka Colombo Hanwella Aggreg IML/C 196576 130426 ate IML/C/HO/4096 A.W.R.Madusanka 367/1,Walgama,Aturugiriya Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 113322 184570 IML/C/HO/4124 K.Gamini 90/a,pALADAGODA Colombo Homagama Aggreg IML/C 185056 117989 rD,pANAGODA,hOMAGAMA ate IML/C/HO/4173 H.D.S.Chandrasiri 75,Hospital Rd,Nawagamuwa,Ranala Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/C 187558 126476 IML/C/HO/4233 S.K.D.L.Kumara 220,Pahala Bomiriya,Medananda Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 114853 191732 Mw,Kaduwela IML/C/HO/4350 A.R.Botheju 511/2,Nawagamuwa,Ranala Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 190658 117007 IML/C/HO/4355 L.Hettiarachi 208,Nakadamulla,Ranala Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/C 128775 187796 IML/C/HO/4364 H.K.A.K.Perera 138/1/A,Highlevel Rd,Kottawa Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 184551 113396 78 IML/C/HO/4452 M.D.N.Fernando 524,Dedigamuwa Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 188838 117432 IML/C/HO/480/LR/2 U.Ranasinghe 175, Dampe, Meegoda Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/C 120148 181358 ate IML/C/HO/4930 G.D.Milton 254/1,Haragala West,Padukka Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/C 177969 121524 IML/C/HO/4950 P.K.Gnanarathne 217/C,Kongahahena,Korathota,Kand Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 189826 115583 uwela IML/C/HO/5012 S.J.Arambewatte 376/A,wekewatte,Bimiriya,Kaduwela Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 115066 191805 IML/C/HO/5054 D.N.Priyasantha 458,Kapurugoad Colombo Kaduwela MQUR IML/C 188795 117446 Rd,Panagoda,Homagama IML/C/HO/509/R3 A.R.Nanayakkara 409/2,Samagi Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 116786 177715 MW,Panagoda,Homagama IML/C/HO/5167 K.S.Perera 390/A,Walgama,Athurugiriya Colombo Kaduwela Aggreg IML/C 113545 184659 ate IML/C/HO/5266 D.A.P.De Mel 467/F,Korathota,Kaduwela Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/C 186965 125620 IML/C/HO/5390 M.G.Sumanapala 596/A,Eriyagolla Colombo Hanwella Aggreg IML/C 124797 188411 Rd,Pahathgama,Hanwella ate IML/C/HO/542/LR/2 M.Wimalawathie 75,Horagala Colombo Padukka Aggreg IML/C 179 120 East,Uggalawatte,Padukka ate IML/C/HO/5481 D.a.P.De Mel 467/F,Korathota,Kaduwela Colombo Hanwella Aggreg IML/C 187443 ate IML/C/HO/5559 H.D.S.Chandrasiri No.75,Hospital Colombo Hanwella Aggreg IML/C 187497 126448 Rd,Nawagamuwa,Ranala ate IML/C/HO/5659 W.D.Chandrawimala 119/2,Weralupitiya,Kosgama Colombo Hanwella Aggreg IML/C 188046 128863 ate IML/C/HO/5665 Y.Sandanayake 36,Batawala,Padukka Colombo Homagama Aggreg IML/C 186588 120817 ate IML/C/HO/5782 M.Sirisena 270/11 Lenagalawatta,Dedigamuwa Colombo homagama Aggreg IML/C ate IML/C/HO/594/LR1 L.W.Ranasinghe 271/A Dampe, Meegoda Colombo Padukka MQUR IML/C 179472 120652 IML/C/HO/6138 T.Jayasiri 302/2,Manikkagara Colombo Kaduwela Aggreg IML/C 190197 114898 Rd,Korathota,Kaduwela ate IML/C/HO/718/LR/3 G.R.K.C.Balasooriya 742,Gemunu Mw,Homagama Colombo Homagama Aggreg IML/C 184115 114117 ate IML/C/HO/719/LR1/R D.S.Amarasinghe 1/532, Athurugiriya Road, Malabe Colombo Homagama MQUR IML/C 185134 117973 1 IML/C/HO/813/LR2 J.Munasingha 9/16, Temple Road, Avissawella Colombo Sethawaka MQUR IML/C 193198 137858 IML/C/HO/851/R1/LR P.A.C.Danish Sriyani Boralugoda, Kosgama Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/C 191712 131187 1 IML/C/HO/852 Hemantha Munasingha 9/16, Pansala Rd, Avissawella Colombo Hanwella MQUR IML/C IML/C/HO/887/R/3 M.S.Leelananda Weralupitiya,Awissawella Colombo Hanwella Aggreg IML/C 137854 193084 ate 79 Kalutara District: Mining Licence No Holder Name Address District Divisional Mineral Catagary Coordinates Coordinates Sec. N E IML/A/HO/1670/LR2 M.N.M.Nafas Girikol;a Estate,Girikola,Agalawata Kaluthara Agalawata MQUR IML/A 130783 152132 IML/A/HO/328/LR3 C & A Company 518,Elvitigala Mw,Colombo 5 Kaluthara Millaniya MQUR IML/A 163 114 IML/A/HO/3327/LR/2 M.L.Jayarathne Waneethawasa,Pelpola,Paragastgho Kaluthara Millaniya Aggreg IML/A 160202 115281 ta ate IML/A/HO/5019 D.R.Jayasingha 980/4Wickramasingha Kaluthara Dodangoda MQUR IML/A 154 122 MW,Ethulkotte IML/A/HO/692/LR/3 Romek Con Fab 3/2Niwanthidiya,Piliyandala Kaluthara Dodangoda Aggreg IML/A 152398 123384 (Pvt)Ltd ate IML/B/HO/1332/LR3 D.Wanniarachi Suramya,Tudugala Kanda,Neboda Kaluthara Dodangoda MQUR IML/B 153189 127231 IML/B/HO/1366/LR2 L.J.Peiris Kannewela,Pokunuwita Kaluthara Horana MQUR IML/B 118825 118825 IML/B/HO/1608/LR2 Lathpandura Metal Kallumalewata,Lathpandura,Bandura Kaluthara Palindanuwa MQUR IML/B 149320 138977 Crusher & Trading Co liya ra IML/B/HO/2414/LR2 K.R.Vithanage Olaboduwata,Koralaima,Gonapola Kaluthara Horana MQUR IML/B 175556 115829 Junction IML/B/HO/2677/LR1 B.A.N.Chandrasiri 94/B,Old Police Kaluthara Horana MQUR IML/C 116378 175117 Rd,Kahatuduwa,Polgasowita IML/B/HO/3320/LR1 L.Wanniarachi Hospital Rd,Naeboda Kaluthara Dodangoda MQUR IML/B 130140 124395 IML/B/HO/3321/LR/2 D.S.k.Wijesiri Uggalbada,Kaluthara Kaluthara Dodangoda Aggreg IML/B 124386 130142 ate IML/B/HO/363/LR2 M.L.D.S.Jayantha 381/A,Sri Sumangala Kaluthara Millaniya MQUR IML/B 168663 117300 Mw,Gungamuwa,Bandaragama IML/B/HO/4138/LR/01 H.G.Swarnasiri No.40,Gungamuwa,Bandaragama Kaluthara Millaniya Aggreg IML/B 117560 168870 ate IML/B/HO/4241/LR/1 G.D.P.Constructions & 260/18/3,oLABOTUWA Kaluthara Horana Aggreg IML/B 116620 174889 Supllers nORTH,kORALA eMA ate IML/B/HO/4361/LR/1 Star Construction & 337/A,Nawala Rd,Rajagiriya Kaluthara Millaniya Aggreg IML/B 116478 165248 Engineering (Pvt)Ltd ate IML/B/HO/5020 Kaluthara Metal Quarry No4A,Gunarathne Kaluthara Millaniya MQUR IML/B 226291 285152 Pvt Ltd MW,Pepiliyane,Boralesgamuwa IML/B/HO/5038 P.A.S.D.Jayawardhana Kuruduwatte,Rathmale,Polgampala Kaluthara Walalawita MQUR IML/B 136664 137129 IML/B/HO/5040 K.D.A.Weerasingha & 8/16,Thalapitiya Rd,Nugegoda Kaluthara Walallawita MQUR IML/B Co PVT LTD IML/B/HO/5205 I.D.Weerakoon kapparawaliya Kaluthara Horana MQUR IML/B Hena,dabara,Meewanapalana IML/B/HO/5599 S.A.P.Samantha No.250/02/02,Vendesiwatte,Pittalaka Kaluthara Madurawa Aggreg IML/B 124168 162073 nda,Kadawala,Dunagaha ate 80 IML/B/HO/5605 CementMart Lanka 192b,Pagoda Rd,Nugegoda Kaluthara Ingiriya Aggreg IML/B 170180 133704 (Pvt)Ltd ate IML/B/HO/5646 L.Satharasingha 813,Gamunu Mw,Homagama Kaluthara Horana Aggreg IML/B 175128 116364 ate IML/B/HO/5676 H.D.Wickramasingha 182/A,Divulapitiya Rd,Minuwangoda Kaluthara Dodsmgoda Aggreg IML/B 150736 123509 ate IML/B/HO/5682 S.I.Edirimanna No.47,Kananwila,Anguruwaththota Kaluthara Millaniya Aggreg IML/B 165455 118397 ate IML/B/HO/746/LR/03 A.A.Somasiri 16,M.E.Perera Kaluthara Millaniya Aggreg IML/B 163932 113741 mawatha,Koralawella,Moratuwa ate IML/B/HO/752/LR1 Lakmal Builders Pvt 85,High Level Kaluthara Dodangoda MQUR IML/B 121138 156603 Ltd plaza,Delkanda,Nugegoda IML/C/HO/5111 P.D.J.Bandula Maguruwila,Poruwadanda Kaluthara Ingiriya MQUR IML/C IML/C/HO/5363 D.C.K.D.P.Gunasekara Horana Rd,Kesbewa Kaluthara Horana Aggreg IML/C 118265 172351 ate 81 Annex – VI Licensed Sand Mining Sites in Colombo & Kalutara Districts Colombo District: Mining Licence No Holder Name Address District Divisional Mineral Catagary Coordinates Coordinates Sec. N E AL/A/HO/1769 N.C.D.J.J.Gunasekara Hadoowawata Eswatha,North Colombo Hanwella River AL/A 197486 133334 Puwakpitiya Sand AL/B/HO/1079/LR/01 K.L.D.M.Brijet 181/B,Pahala Hanwella,Hanwella Colombo Hanwella Sand AL/B 190247 121574 AL/B/HO/1080/LR/02 R.A.L.Chandrasiri 201/3,Wihara Colombo Kaduwela Sand AL/B 193191 112312 Mw,Homagama,Kaduwela AL/B/HO/971/LR/02 G.S.Dhammika 57,Nawagamuwa,Ranala Colombo Kaduwela Sand AL/B 190897 118990 IML/B/HO/5128 S & A Senadheera 94/13A,Thalapathpitiya Colombo Hanwella Sand IML/B 190046 121732 Company (Pvt) Ltd Rd,Udahamulla,Nugegoda Kalutara District: Mining Licence No Holder Name Address District Divisional Mineral Catagary Coordinates Coordinates Sec. N E AL/A/HO/1784 C.T.U.J.Abeyrathna 168/1,Keselwata,Deggal rd,Panadura Kaluthara Panadura Sand AL/A 7171060 44103455 82 Annex – VII List & Chainage of Environmentally Sensitive Sites along the Roadway (Noise and Air Pollution Sensitive Sites) Road Section – 1 (A – 002 Road): (from Maliban Junction – 13+350) to Kurusa Junction – 18+450) Chainage Activity 14+100 – 14+200 14+050 – 14+075 Raja Gopal Temple in RHS 14+200 – 14+300 Technical College – Ratmalana in RHS 14+800 – 14+900 14+800 – 14+850 Deaf and Blind School in Ratmalana in LHS 15+200 – 15+300 15+260 – 15+300 Soysaramaya Temple in RHS 15+300 – 15+400 15+300 – 15+360 Soysaramaya Temple in RHS 15+500 – 15+600 15+510 – 15+590 Soysa Navodya Maha Vidyalaya, Moratuwa in RHS 15+600 – 15+700 15+610 – 15+620 Temple at Angulana Junction in LHS 15+700 – 15+800 15+735 – 15+800 Ceylon – German Technical Training Institute in LHS 15+800 – 15+900 15+800 – 15+850 Ceylon – German Technical Training Institute in LHS 16+200 – 16+300 16+280 – 16+300 Apprenticeship Training Institute in RHS 16+300 – 16+400 16+300 – 16+400 Apprenticeship Training Institute in RHS 16+400 – 16+500 16+400 – 16+410 Apprenticeship Training Institute in RHS 16+430 – 16+450 Janasetha Public Library, Katubedda in LHS 16+700 – 16+800 16+757 St. Joseph Pre-School, Katubedda in LHS 16+760 – 16+800 Rajeswari Church in LHS 16+800 – 16+900 16+800 – 16+835 Rajeswari Church in LHS 83 16+820 – 16+835 Baptist Church in RHS 17+000 – 17+100 17+040 – 17+090 Sirisena Daham Mandiraya & Daham Pasela in LHS 17+400 – 17+500 17+435 – 17+470 District Courts and Magistrate Courts of Moratuwa in LHS 17+550 Rawathawatta Temple in RHS 17+600 – 17+700 17+550 Rawathawatta Temple in RHS 17+700 – 17+800 17+750 – 17+800 Prince of Wales College in RHS 17+800 – 17+900 17+800 – 17+900 Prince of Wales College in RHS 17+965 – 17+990 Moratuwa Social Services Society and Elders Home in LHS 18+100 – 18+200 18+100 – 18+140 St. Mark’s Church in RHS Road Section – 2 (A – 011 Road): (from Kurusa Junction – 0+000) to Panadura Bridge Junction – 6+800) Chainage Activity 0+100 – 0+200 0+112 – 0+160 Weera Puran Appu Model School in LHS 0+160 – 0+185 Methodist Church, Suduwella in LHS 0+600 – 0+700 0+600 - 0+685 Ave Mariya Church in LHS 0+900 – 1+000 0+910 Damma Nikethanaaya in LHS 84 Road Section – 3 (A – 002 Road): (from Panadura Bridge Junction – 25+250) to Nalluruwa 30th km Post Junction – 30+000) Chainage Activity 25+400 – 25+500 25+465 – 23+500 MOH Office, Panadura in LHS 25+600 – 25+700 25+660 – 25+700 Mother of Sorrows Church in LHS 25+700 – 25+800 25+700 – 25+725 Mother of Sorrows Church in LHS 25+800 – 25+900 25+825 – 25+900 Panadura Hospital in RHS 25+900 – 26+000 25+910 – 25+940 Panadura Police in RHS 26+000 – 26+100 26+050 – 26+090 Public Library Panadura in RHS 26+200 – 26+300 26+225 – 26+280 Divisional Secretariat, Panadura in LHS 26+275 – 26+300 Child Care Centre in RHS 26+300 – 26+400 26+300 – 26+335 Child Care Centre in RHS 26+400 – 26+500 26+420 – 26+460 Panadura Montissori Home in LHS 26+500 – 26+600 26+565 – 26+590 Panadura International Buddhist Foundation & Buddhist Temple in RHS 26+700 – 26+800 26+750 – 26+800 Panadura Balika Vidyalaya in LHS 26+775 – 26+800 Panadura Sri Kandasamy Kovil in RHS 26+800 – 26+900 26+800 – 26+875 Panadura Balika Vidyalaya in LHS 26+900 – 27+000 26+900 – 27+000 Panadura Bus Stand in LHS 27+100 – 27+200 27+110 – 27+145 Methodist Primary School in RHS 27+145 – 27+160 Methodist Church in RHS 27+700 – 27+800 27+740 – 27+780 Panadura Royal College in LHS 27+780 – 27+790 Panadura Private Hospital in LHS 85 27+900 – 28+000 27+955 – 28+000 Sri Sumangala Balika Vidyalaya, Panadura in RHS 28+500 – 28+600 28+510 – 28+550 Gothami Children Development Centre, Nalluruwa 28+800 – 28+900 28+800 – 28+820 Aruna Niwasaya in RHS 29+200 – 29+300 28+275 – 28+300 Pinwatta Cemetery in RHS 28+300 – 28+400 28+300 – 28+330 Pinwatta Cemetery in RHS 86 ANNEX – VIII Summary of Procedure to Obtain Mining License for Borrow Pit Operation 1. Identify the site and verify ownership (land clearing) 2. Obtain letters of consent from the owners (Private / Government) 3. Contractor applies for site clearance from CEA 4. CEA may request an lEE or EIA to be carried out by the contractor 5. CEA gives clearance. 6. Contractor applies for Mining License (IML/A, IML/B or IML/C) from GSMB. 7. GMSB conducts joint inspection with a committee comprising with CEA, DS, and PS. 8. Contractor has to make bank guarantee specified by the GSMB based on the situation of the land, prior to issuing Mining License. 9. Contractor applies for Trade License from PS. 87 ANNEX – IX Summary of Procedure to Obtain Mining License for Quarry Operation 1. Identify the site and verify ownership (land clearing) 2. Obtain letters of consent from the owners (Private/ Government) 3. Contractor applies for site clearance from CEA 4. CEA may request an lEE or EIA to be carried out by the contractor 5. CEA gives clearance 6. Contractor applies for Mining License (IML/A, IML/B or IML/C) from GSMB. 7. GMSB conducts joint inspection with a committee comprising with CEA, DS, and PS who would decide whether the test blast is needed for IML-A and IML-B which depends on the sensitivity of the site. Test blast will be carried out prior to issuing Mining License 8. Contractor applies for EPL from CEA 9. EPL is issued by CEA 10. GSMB monitors noise and vibrations annually and renews license 11. Contractor applies for explosive license from the Ministry of Defense 12. Contractor applies for Trade license/ Approval from PS 88 Annex – X Proposed Additional Safety Measures 1. It is recommended to erect steel barriers along the road (along both sides and centre of the road) covering the school premises after keeping space for Zebra Crossings 2. It is recommended to erect steel barriers along the centre of the entire road section – 2, after keeping space for Zebra Crossings at regular intervals. 3. Considering the safety of lorries (fixed with containers) plying along the road, , it is recommended to cut branches of trees grown along both sides and centre of the road. 4. At the vicinity of Junctions, it is recommended to cover the built-up side drains. 89 Annex – XI Recommended Safety Boards Between 30+000 – 40+000 Stretch of A 002 Road LHS Sign Boards: Put sign board in LHS at 30+560 to indicate off road to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 30+850 to indicate off road (Mendis Weda Mawatha) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 31+450 to indicate off road (Dalada Watta Maha Viharaya Road) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 31+850 to indicate off road (Albert Gunathilake Mawatha) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 31+950 to indicate road widening (2 lanes to 4 lanes) in 50m ahead. Put sign board in LHS at 32+950 to indicate road narrowing (4 lanes to 2 lanes) in 50m ahead. Put sign board in LHS at 33+220 to indicate off road to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 33+950 to indicate off road to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 34+335 to indicate off road to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 34+525 to indicate two bends (Z Type) starting in further 75m distance Put sign board in LHS at 34+600 to indicate off road (Saranatissa Mawatha) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 34+850 to indicate off road (Deerakkada Mawatha) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 35+100 to indicate off road (Maha Pansala Road) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 35+430 to indicate off road (Pothupitiya Circular Road) to left in further 50m distance 90 Put sign board in LHS at 35+525 to indicate a bend to right starting in further 75m distance Put sign board in LHS at 36+060 to indicate off road (Panapitiya Road) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 36+350 to indicate off road (Tudor Karunaratna Road) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 36+500 to indicate off road (Wataraum Road) to left in further 50m distance Put Zebra Crossing in front of Kuda Waskaduwa Cemetery at 36+750 Put sign board in LHS at 36+700 to indicate Zebra Crossing in front of Kuda Waskaduwa Cemetery in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 37+750 to indicate off road (Ratnajothy Mawatha) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 38+250 to indicate off road to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 38+700 to indicate off road (Dediyawala Road) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 38+750 to indicate Zebra Crossing in front of Sri Saddarma Dharmashala Viharaya, Waskaduwa in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 38+950 to indicate off road (Sri Deerananda Road) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 39+550 to indicate off road (Horana Road) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in LHS at 39+700 to indicate road widening (2 lanes to 4 lanes) in 50m ahead. RHS Sign Boards: Put sign board in RHS at 32+600 to indicate road widening (2 lanes to 4 lanes) in 50m ahead. 91 Put sign board in RHS at 30+950 to indicate off road (Blue Water Hotel Road) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in RHS at 35+800 to indicate a bend to right starting in further 75m distance Put sign board in RHS at 33+050 to indicate road widening (2 lanes to 4 lanes) in 50m ahead. Put sign board in RHS at 32+050 to indicate road narrowing (4 lanes to 2 lanes) in 50m ahead Put sign board in RHS at 33+950 to indicate a bend to left starting in further 75m distance Put sign board in RHS at 34+200 to indicate off road (Ocean View Hotel Road) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in RHS at 34+625 to indicate two bends (Z Type) starting in further 75m distance Put sign board in RHS at 35+950 to indicate off road (Sugathadasa Mawatha) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in RHS at 36+800 to indicate Zebra Crossing in front of Kuda Waskaduwa Cemetery in further 50m distance Put sign board in RHS at 37+035 to indicate off road (No. 1 Station Road) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in RHS at 38+300 to indicate off road (Wellaboda Road) to left in further 50m distance Put Zebra Crossing in front of Sri Saddarma Dharmashala Viharaya, Waskaduwa at 38+800 Put sign board in RHS at 38+850 to indicate Zebra Crossing in front of Sri Saddarma Dharmashala Viharaya, Waskaduwa in further 50m distance Put sign board in RHS at 39+250 to indicate off road (Cemetery Road) to left in further 50m distance Put sign board in RHS at 39+700 to indicate off road (Abroo Road) to left in further 50m distance 92