TECHNICAL DEEP DIVE ON SUMMARY REPORT TECHNICAL DEEP DIVE (TDD) ON RESILIENT CULTURAL HERITAGE AND TOURISM (CHT) APRIL 10–14, 2017 This TDD was jointly organized by the World Bank Disaster Risk Management Hub, Tokyo; the Tokyo De- velopment Learning Center (TDLC); and the Culture, Heritage, and Sustainable Tourism (CHST) Knowl- edge Silo Breaker (KSB) in partnership with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Institute of Disaster Mitigation for Urban Cultural Heritage at Ritsumeikan University (R-DMUCH). The TDD also benefited greatly from contributions by the following: United Nations World Tourism Organization/Regional Support Office for Asia and the Pacific (UNWTO/RSOAP) in Nara; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan; Kyoto Prefecture; Kyoto City; and 100 Resilient Cities–Toyama. CONCEPT: THE TECHNICAL DEEP DIVE (TDD) Technical Deep Dives bring together experts and practitioners through workshops, site visits, peer-to-peer knowledge sharing, and action planning. The objective is to provide specific support to World Bank clients and their projects by addressing thematic topics of high client demand. Typically, reference is drawn from Japan, which offers relevant experience and solutions for a wide range of topics. TDDs offer firsthand knowledge-exchange opportunities and enable developing countries to deepen their knowledge through intensive study tours and peer learning. Client demand is determined through a demand survey conducted by the World Bank. Demand is met by offering participants structured learning before they arrive in Japan, and by providing ongoing support to connect them to technical experts and best practices in close collaboration with the Bank’s Communities of Practice (CoPs). The TDDs have four core elements: Challenge objective, which reflects the demand-driven nature of the program and involves 1.  problem solving and technical assistance, including expert consultation and expert visit to client nations Knowledge development for operational development, which involves knowledge exchange, 2.  just-in-time assistance, and potential technical assistance for clients and World Bank task teams Structured learning, which is delivered to clients and partners through e-learning courses 3.  and a package of selected knowledge-exchange instruments before, during, and after the TDD in Japan Application to knowledge networks, which involves contributing relevant inputs to CoPs to 4.  support development of case studies and best-practice lessons and to diffuse knowledge to the broader community This report was prepared by World Bank staff. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions: The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes if full attribution to the work is given. The material in this work is subject to copyright. © 2018 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / International Development Association or The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 5 ABBREVIATIONS 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 Technical Deep Dive on Resilient Cultural Heritage and Tourism 8 Key Takeaways 10 OPENING AND WELCOME 11 FUNDAMENTALS OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE 12 Background on DRM for CHT 12 International Agreement: The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 14 Japan’s Experience 15 MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES: FROM PREPAREDNESS TO POST-DISASTER RECOVERY 17 Site Visit: Kiyomizu-dera Temple Area 18 EARTHQUAKES AND ASSOCIATED SECONDARY HAZARDS AS THEY RELATE TO TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS 20 Site Visit: Nijo Castle 23 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS, INCLUDING STORMS AND FLOODING 25 Site Visit: Ponto-Cho and Kamo River Area 27 ENGAGING COMMUNITIES TO PRESERVE CULTURAL HERITAGE 28 CONNECTING TO TOURISM: PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE 29 CLIENTS PROFILES AND ACTION PLANS 31 Albania 31 Bhutan 32 China 33 Myanmar 34 Nepal 35 The Philippines 36 Saudi Arabia 37 Tanzania 38 Uzbekistan 39 ANNEX 1. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES 40 ANNEX 2. TDD AGENDA 44 ANNEX 3. SPEAKERS AND COLLABORATORS 48 ANNEX 4. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 57 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This summary report was produced by a team led by James (Jay) Newman (Disaster Risk Management Specialist, GFDRR). Barbara Minguez Garcia (Disaster Risk Management and Cultural Heritage Consultant, GFDRR/GSURR) was the principal writer, with content production and writing support from Vibhu Jain (Urban and DRM Consultant, GFDRR/GSURR). The report greatly benefited from the information and support provided by: Agency of Cultural Affairs (Government of Japan); Institute of Disaster Mitigation for Urban Cultural Heritage at Ritsumeikan University (R-DMUCH); Kyoto Prefecture; Kyoto City; 100 Resilient Cities-Toyama; United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)/Regional Support Office for Asia and the Pacific (RSOAP); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)/International Scientific Committee on Risk Preparedness (ICORP). The team acknowledges the valuable contributions from World Bank peer reviewer Guillermo A. Siercke (Disaster Risk Management Specialist, GFDRR). The report greatly benefited from the professional editorial services of Anne Himmelfarb (Consultant, GFDRR); graphic design by Interbooks Co., Ltd; and project support from Haruko Nakamatsu (Program Assistant, GFDRR). This report was prepared with support from the Japan - World Bank Program for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management in Developing Countries. We thank the participating officials and project task teams for their presentations, active involvement, and knowledge sharing. Acknowledgements ̶ 5 ABBREVIATIONS ACA Agency for Cultural Affairs, Government of Japan ADB Asian Development Bank CHT cultural heritage and tourism CoP Community of Practice CRO chief resilience officer DIG Disaster Imagination Game DRM disaster risk management EWSS Environmental Water Supply System (Kyoto) GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery GSURR Social, Urban, Rural, and Resilience Global Practice ICCROM International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites ICORP International Scientific Committee on Risk Preparedness KSB Knowledge Silo Breaker MEXT Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan) MLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (Japan) PPP public-private partnership R-DMUCH Institute of Disaster Mitigation for Urban Cultural Heritage at Ritsumeikan University SCTH Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage SFDRR Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction STCDA Stone Town Conservation and Development Authority TDD Technical Deep Dive TDLC World Bank Tokyo Development Learning Center UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNISDR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction UNWTO/ United Nations World Tourism Organization / Regional Support Office RSOAP for Asia and the Pacific 6 ̶ Abbreviations Abbreviations ̶7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Technical Deep Dive heritage and tourism (CHT) disciplines, and focused primarily on finding solutions to key on Resilient concerns identified by participants. Cultural Heritage The participating countries—Albania, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, Saudi and Tourism Arabia, Tanzania, and Uzbekistan—count a total of 85 World Heritage Sites (cultural, natural, and mixed) plus 193 sites on the Tentative List, This Technical Deep Dive (TDD), held in April so over 278 world-renowned sites in all.1 They 2017 in Tokyo and Kyoto, brought together also have more than 11 million people exposed officials from nine developing countries, along to floods each year and more than 1.5 million with World Bank project teams and key Japanese people subject to an earthquake of magnitude 6 and international experts. The TDD aimed to or above.2 With the support of the World Bank, inform countries’ investments by bringing these countries are carrying out projects that together experts and practitioners from both together represent more than US$700 million in disaster risk management (DRM) and cultural government-led investments (see figure below). Projects Led by TDD - Participating Countries Albania ◻ Integrated Urban and Tourism Development (PIUTD) (P155875) Bhutan ◻ Improving Resilience to Seismic Risk (P144054) Together, China ◻ Hubei Jingzhou Historic Town Conservation (P148523) these projects represent Myanmar ◻ Southeast Asia Disaster Risk Management Project (P160931) more than Nepal Philippines ◻ Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Project (P155969) ◻ Reducing Vulnerability to Natural Disasters (Resilient Cultural Heritage Assets) (P148631) US$ 700 million Saudi Arabia ◻ Heritage - Led Urban Regeneration (P157660) in government-led investment, supported ◻ Zanzibar Urban Services Project (P111155) Tanzania ◻ Zanzibar Urban Additional Financing (P155392) by the World Bank. Uzbekistan ◻ Medium - Size Cities Integrated Urban and Territorial Development (P162929) ◻ Sustainable Urban & Regional Development (P159268) Participants and their projects came mainly subnational cultural heritage officials (25 percent from the field of urban development or DRM. and 18 percent, respectively), local government The professionals participating included leaders (18 percent), and DRM specialists (18 urban specialists (21 percent), national and percent). 1 See UNESCO, World Heritage List, http://whc.unesco.org/en/list. 2 See the INFORM website at http://www.inform-index.org/. 8 ̶ Executive Summary The TDD covered six main themes around the principles of DRM for CHT: 4. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS, INCLUDING STORMS AND FLOODING Site visit to Ponto-cho and Kamo River area in 1. FUNDAMENTALS OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE Kyoto, and the case of Toyama, one of the cities included in the 100 Resilient Cities program. Basic concepts of DRM for cultural heritage, Japanese systems for protection of cultural heritage (institutions and regulations), and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 5. ENGAGING COMMUNITIES TO PRESERVE  CULTURAL HERITAGE Examples from Kyoto and Sasayama showing as presented by the United Nations Educational, the importance of Japan’s Preservation Districts Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). for Groups of Traditional Buildings,3 which are groups of buildings or areas designated by the 2. MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE  SITES: FROM PREPAREDNESS TO POST- municipalities for special protection measures 6. DISASTER RECOVERY CONNECTING TO TOURISM: PROMOTION  DRM strategies and techniques applied to AND PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE CHT sites, including prevention/mitigation, Experiences from the United Nations World emergency preparedness, emergency response, Tourism Organization/Regional Support Office for and reconstruction/recovery. Asia and the Pacific (UNWTO/RSOAP), especially regarding risk communication with tourists and 3. EARTHQUAKES AND ASSOCIATED  SECONDARY HAZARDS AS THEY RELATE TO TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS sustainable tourism as a development tool. Action planning: Site visits to Kiyomizu-dera Temple and Nijo Castle, Kyoto, with attention to traditional Participating countries engaged in peer-to-peer wooden structures’ vulnerability to fire after learning and articulated takeaways that could be earthquake. applied to their situations. They presented their cases and implementation plans and discussed them with a panel of experts. 3 ACA, Preservation Districts for Groups of Traditional Buildings: http://www.bunka.go.jp/english/policy/cultural_properties/introduction/historic_ buildings/ Executive Summary ̶9 Key Takeaways The action planning discussions generated in the Key ideas from the Japanese experience: following key takeaways: • Connecting DRM with cultural heritage is fundamental. DRM plans should be included Common challenges: within site management plans, and DRM • Limited technical expertise, especially projects should include cultural heritage regarding restoration and maintenance of components. cultural heritage • It is important to promote strong • Lack of regulatory framework and governance institutional organization at national and local levels, foster interaction between • Difficulty in engaging communities, creating cultural heritage and DRM departments, and awareness, and fostering collaboration encourage collaboration with universities, between stakeholders from different sectors private owners of heritage sites, etc. • The role of the local communities is key in Identified solutions: protecting heritage, creating resilience, and • Promote research and collect data on sharing traditional knowledge, which in many heritage and hazards, and offer specific cases provides good DRM solutions. trainings for staff involved in protecting cultural heritage against disasters. • Design guidelines on protecting heritage from disaster risks so that experts and authorities have a solid reference. • Request technical assistance and capacity building; promote knowledge exchange on resilient CHT. • Develop pilot projects with the support of the World Bank and international experts. 10 ̶ Executive Summary OPENING AND WELCOME Sameh Wahba Director of Urban and Territorial Development, World Bank Sameh Wahba The goal of this TDD is not only to share Director of Urban and Territorial Development, knowledge on cultural heritage resilience; more Disaster Risk Management and Resilience, Social, Urban, Rural, importantly, it is to allow each of the countries and Resilience Global Practice (GSURR), World Bank participating to work on the financing, planning, and implementation aspects of their cultural There is no better place than Japan heritage–related projects and create detailed for an agenda of resilience, action plans that address their specific challenges cultural heritage, and This TDD benefits from very important integration of both. partnerships, including those with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 100 Resilient Cities– University (R-DMUCH). These strengthen Toyama, and the Institute of Disaster Mitigation collaboration to protect cultural heritage and for Urban Cultural Heritage at Ritsumeikan promote sustainable development worldwide. Lazare Eloundou Assomo Culture influences how people interact with the world. Cultural heritage contributes to Deputy Director of the Heritage Division sustainable recovery from disaster by giving and the World Heritage Centre, residents hope, identity, and dignity. Resilient Culture Sector, UNESCO cultural heritage is therefore imperative. UNESCO not only aims to preserve cultural heritage, but also tries to Many cultural heritage sites do not incorporate promote better cultural understanding and diversity. disaster preparedness measures, and on the other hand, disaster risk management (DRM) The number of cultural heritage assets—both planning does not always specifically address tangible and intangible—has increased more cultural heritage assets. The key is to connect rapidly than vulnerability has decreased, which DRM with CHT and create resilience. has led to increased risks. Opening and Welcome ̶ 11 FUNDAMENTALS OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE Background on DRM In DRM, risk (R) is calculated as the result of the interaction of one or multiple hazards (H) with a for CHT specific exposure (E) having a certain degree of vulnerability (V). Natural hazards, especially those exacerbated by The equation becomes more complex when climate change, are becoming more frequent and cultural heritage is the “exposure” because intense. As a result, historic heritage sites that many factors—such as the age and state of the have survived for hundreds and even thousands structures, previous restorations, etc.—affect of years are now more threatened than ever the level of vulnerability. For cultural heritage before. Sites are also increasingly threatened assets, it is very important to consider the by human-made disasters; for example, different characteristics of the attributes under violent groups are targeting cultural assets for assessment—for example, whether the asset is damage or destruction. Cultural heritage is also tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, or threatened by urbanization—an estimated 1 some combination. billion people will live in cities by 2030—but this challenge also presents an opportunity to protect and promote culture. CHT Risk Calculation HAZARD EXPOSURE VULNERA- BILITY ! Natural Variability Age and state Anthropogenic Climate Change of the structures Earthquakes and tsunami Flooding Cultural Heritage Previous restoration RISK Lightning and re Candles Attacks by violent groups (religious custom) Population growth etc. etc. e.g. Earthquake Heritage Aging Site Structure 12 ̶ Fundamentals of Disaster Risk Management for Cultural Heritage Rohit Jigyasu UNESCO Chair Professor, R-DMUCH The primary risk to CHT sites is the potential loss of values associated with sites’ various Rohit Jigyasu attributes. It is crucial to undertake inventories UNESCO Chair Professor, Institute of Disaster Mitigation for and value assessments of the heritage Urban Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University (R-DMUCH) properties. Some important considerations when applying DRM measures to cultural heritage are Cultural heritage is these: not only for identity but for knowledge and learning. ◾ Heritage may be damaged very differently from new buildings, as happened in Seoul’s old Namdaemun gate in 2008.4 ◾ Previous interventions may make monuments more vulnerable, as seen in Bagan, Myanmar.5 ◾ Lack of maintenance increases vulnerability, ◾ Emergency management and preparedness especially in museums; it is important to plans should be established in order to manage organize storage and develop evacuation plans emergencies and enhance responsiveness. to allow removal of objects from damaged buildings. ◾ Training people in specific skill sets for rescuing heritage should be undertaken before ◾ Multi-hazard approaches must be considered disasters occur. because the original disaster may trigger other disasters—for instance, the post-earthquake ◾ Climate change effects are a big challenge for tsunami in Japan in 2011 caused the nuclear ancient structures and need to be considered accident in Fukushima. and understood. 4 A fire started inside the old Namdaemun gate in the Republic of Korea in 2008; it was not immediately visible, and firefighters had trouble under- standing how it spread in such a historic building. 5 After the earthquake in Bagan in 2016, experts noted that the most significant damage was mainly caused by poor connections between the an- cient buildings and the more recent reconstruction materials, the low quality of the newly added parts, and, in many cases, the lack of appropri- ate and regular maintenance. Fundamentals of Disaster Risk Management for Cultural Heritage ̶ 13 International Agreement: The Sendai Giovanni Boccardi Framework for Disaster Chief of the Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit, Heritage Division, Culture Sector, UNESCO Risk Reduction The cultural and creative industry is one of the most rapidly growing sectors Giovanni Boccardi Chief of the Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit, of the world economy and a highly Heritage Division, Culture Sector, UNESCO transformative one in terms of income generation, To understand the connection between cultural job creation, heritage and resilience, it is essential to first recognize the unique role and contribution of and export earnings. culture in reducing disaster risk and fostering resilience: culture reflects natural diversity, mitigates risks through goods and services, connects people, serves as a symbol of identity, is a factor in social stability, communicates The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk risks (creativity is an important component in Reduction calls for “the substantial reduction many situations), and is resource for sustainable of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods socioeconomic development. and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, Most World Heritage properties are not prepared businesses, communities and countries.” 6 This is for disasters. A preliminary assessment of some an unprecedented step in recognizing culture as of the most vulnerable heritage sites found a key dimension of disaster risk reduction and in that most managers of heritage sites with high acknowledging the need to protect and draw on disaster exposure are not prepared to face an heritage as an asset for resilience. adverse event. 6 UNISDR, “Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 – 2030,” 12, http://www.unisdr.org/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf 14 ̶ Fundamentals of Disaster Risk Management for Cultural Heritage Japan’s Experience to comprehensively list the heritage sites in their area and to participate in developing strategies for those sites based on the area’s history and Japan has a rich cultural heritage and is also culture. highly hazard-prone. The 1995 Kobe Earthquake and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Cultural properties in Japan are classified into associated tsunami are two of the worst disasters six categories: tangible, intangible, folk cultural Japan has experienced—yet it recovered from properties, monuments, landscapes, and groups both while safeguarding its cultural heritage. of traditional buildings. Through the years, Japan has developed a strong technical expertise in various aspects of DRM for cultural heritage, such as legislation, research Japan clearly defines the roles of the national and and study programs, and national institutions. subnational governments, property owners, and residents of the areas where cultural properties are located. System for Protection and Disaster Risk ◾ After the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, the Reduction of Japanese Cultural Heritage Cultural Property Rescue Project was launched to carry out post-disaster salvaging of cultural Kumiko Shimotsuma properties and affected materials. Senior Specialist for Cultural Properties, Historic Urban Conservation Unit, Agency for Cultural Affairs (ACA), ◾ The National Institute for Cultural Heritage9 Government of Japan was appointed as the nodal agency for overall cultural heritage; it is funded by ACA and Dowon Kim donations. Associate Professor, Institute of Disaster Mitigation for Urban Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University (R-DMUCH) ◾ DRM initiatives are governed by the Basic Act of Disaster Control Measures (for preparedness Under the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and recovery), which provides plans to be Science and Technology (MEXT), the Agency for developed at all levels of jurisdiction—central, Cultural Affairs (ACA) is responsible for cultural prefectural, and municipal disaster prevention heritage.7 It spends 44 percent of its US$930 council. million total budget on protecting these sites from hazards and other events. ACA’s Council Depending on the owner’s financial condition for Cultural Affairs includes the Subdivision and on the revenue generated by the property, on Cultural Properties, which investigates and the central government typically offers owners deliberates on important matters affecting a 50–85 percent subsidy for works to upgrade the preservation and utilization of cultural sites and increase their resilience. properties.8 ACA encourages local governments 7 See the ACA website at http://www.bunka.go.jp/english/ . 8 Law for the Protection of Cultural Property: http://www.unesco.org/culture/natlaws/media/pdf/japan/japan_lawprotectionculturalproperty_engtof. pdf . 9 See the National Institute for Cultural Heritage website at http://www.nich.go.jp/english/ . Fundamentals of Disaster Risk Management for Cultural Heritage ̶ 15 The Case of Kyoto Noriyoshi Tsuruoka Deputy Director, Cultural Properties Division, Department of Guidance, Kyoto Prefectural Board of Education Takeyuki Okubo Director of the Institute of Disaster Mitigation for Urban Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University (R-DMUCH) Kyoto is a historical city whose structures of wood, paper, and mud mortar make it very vulnerable to hazards. Its demographic characteristics compound this vulnerability: it has a higher percentage of people over 65 years and more tourists (50 million per year)—groups that are especially susceptible to the impacts of disasters—than any other Japanese city. ◾ Automatic fire alarm systems are required by Kyoto has many national treasures and important the national government. Other equipment, cultural properties subject to a variety of such as firefighting equipment, lightning regulations: protection, and camera surveillance and anticrime lighting, are recommended. Owners ◾ To repair traditional buildings with acceptance also proactively conduct training drills. of state subsidy, the owner of the property must contact the Kyoto Prefecture beforehand. ◾ A key requirement of DRM for CHT is to keep The technical staff in the Cultural Properties records of the work done on heritage assets. Division, trained in traditional techniques, For instance, Kin-kaku temple was perfectly oversees planning, management, investigation, rebuilt after a fire in 1955, thanks to the and recording of repair work. available documentation. Although the wooden structures in Japan last for hundreds of years, new seismic risk assessments indicate the need for reinforcement. Reinforcement would incorporate new technologies and materials without interfering with the original structure, and would keep in mind the circumstances under which the building was built. In this regard, transfer of knowledge and technology methods for future generations is fundamental: Kyoto requires contractors to be registered, and the prefecture chooses them based on expertise. The prefecture also organizes training courses on construction techniques that need to be preserved. 16 ̶ Fundamentals of Disaster Risk Management for Cultural Heritage MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES: FROM PREPAREDNESS TO POST-DISASTER RECOVERY Rohit Jigyasu President of ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) India and ICORP (International Committee on Risk Preparedness); UNESCO Chair Professor, Institute of Disaster Mitigation for Urban Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University (R-DMUCH) Many CHT-focused practitioners distinguish three phases of DRM for CHT: before, during, and after a disaster event (see figure below). Step-by-Step DRM Process • A risk assessment for CHT considers multiple hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and potential impacts • Prevention measures include designing and establishing a DRM Prevention, Mitigation, and system or methodology specific to the cultural heritage site Preparedness • Creative ideas on how to safeguard cultural heritage are needed • First responders focus on saving lives • First aid, shelter, food, and other supplies are provided to the people servicing or residing at the CHT sites Emergency Response and • Saving and quickly restoring the arts and artifacts, remains of First Aid the site, and other elements is key • Building back better and in a culturally appropriate way is important • Work should involve cultural heritage experts Reconstruction, • Seismic and climate risk should be integrated into the recovery and Recovery, and reconstruction plans Rehabilitation • Capacity should be builit at national, regional, and local levels Cultural heritage needs to be integrated into disaster management policies at Key various levels of planning, and vice versa—that is, multi-hazard risk management systems also need to be part of cultural heritage sites’ management plans. Management of Cultural Heritage Sites: From Preparedness to Post-Disaster Recovery ̶ 17 Site Visit: Kiyomizu-dera Temple Area Kiyomizu-dera is one of the historic monuments including a complete replacement of the old of ancient Kyoto included in the UNESCO wood pieces by new ones. The construction World Heritage List.10 It offers a good example uses the traditional Japanese method, including of reinforcement and earthquake-resistant an earthquake-resistant system that prevents diagnosis for a traditional design. Periodic the building from collapsing. The measures are repairs have been made to the whole temple, mainly internal to avoid visual impact. KIYOMIZU - DERA Temple Disaster Prevention Measures Regular roof retro tting using traditional techniques and materials Okuno-in hall Landslide Risk Hondo (Main Hall) Koyasu Pagoda Fire hydrants all around the whole complex Three-Storied Nio-mon Pagoda (Main gate) Lightning protection Lots of tourists visiting the temple 10 The Kyoto monuments are described in UNESCO, “Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities),” http://whc.unesco.org/en/ list/688. Information about Kiyomizu-dera is available on the temple website at http://www.kiyomizudera.or.jp/en/ . 18 ̶ Management of Cultural Heritage Sites: From Preparedness to Post-Disaster Recovery Over the years, fire has posed a particular threat and distributes it to the people free of charge. to the Kiyomizu-dera Temple, which has been The temple and community organize emergency rebuilt many times due to fires. In response, the response drills twice per year. During New temple owners have installed various disaster Year’s there is a special campaign to promote prevention measures: awareness of disaster risk. Community members share their experiences and practical knowledge ◾ Firefighting equipment. The water system with the new generations. includes a piping system (composed of two machines to ensure sufficient pressure) that Concerning protection and conservation, can hold 500 tons of water. ◾ The temple owner is solely responsible for the ◾ Fire optic system. Forty surveillance cameras operation and maintenance of the temple. Since prevent people from entering the temple but the government categorizes the structure as a also sound an alert in case of fire. national cultural heritage CHT, it extends the support needed to preserve the temple. ◾ Lightning prevention system. ◾ Typically, the temple owner assumes most of The role of the local community is key. Neighbors the costs, including for replacement of the roof and store owners are trained and prepared every 40–50 years, which are funded through to assist at the temple in case of emergency. entrance fees and donations from the visitors. Over 70 years ago, the local community and the temple owners put together a protocol ◾ Reconstruction follows the standards and for emergencies. Voluntary firefighting teams criteria set by the government. Consultations are trained several times a year in how to use with government, Kyoto City, and the Kyoto fire-extinguishing equipment. In return for the Community Committee are mandatory before community’s service, the temple has established any renewal work. a water supply system that collects rainwater Management of Cultural Heritage Sites: From Preparedness to Post-Disaster Recovery ̶ 19 EARTHQUAKES AND ASSOCIATED SECONDARY HAZARDS AS THEY RELATE TO TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS Takeyuki Okubo The government’s resources are limited, and its response could be inadequate in case of disaster. Director of the Institute of The community should therefore develop its own Disaster Mitigation for Urban system and team of first responders to swiftly Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan and efficiently rescue cultural heritage assets. University (R-DMUCH) One of the community efforts is the development Lying on three major of the Environmental Water Supply System active faults, Kyoto is (EWSS).11 This system uses an existing natural highly exposed to seismic water source (a small cistern situated at an risk and has suffered elevation of 80 meters) and natural gravity for frequent earthquakes. water pressure. The EWSS stores “backup” water The prevalence of wooden constructions in in cisterns and has citizen hydrants (for use by Kyoto also increases the risk of fires after residents) placed at strategic positions across earthquakes. Following the big earthquake in the historic district. The community has access 1830, for example, there were more than 200 to this water for daily use and is also prepared to fires documented. Kyoto’s historical districts also use it in case of emergency. have narrow streets built on different levels as well as stairs around traditional buildings, which complicates access and increases danger in case of emergency. 11 See K. Toki and T. Okubo, “Protection of Wooden Cultural Heritage from Earthquake Disaster,” in Proceedings of Meetings on Cultural Heritage Risk Management (Kyoto: World Conference on Disaster Reduction), 94–102. 20 ̶ Earthquakes and Associated Secondary Hazards as They Relate to Traditional Buildings The EWSS project started in 2006 with the constructed in 2009 in the hills of Kiyomizu, is goal of designing a system that uses diverse connected to the city water supply network for water resources and that would be effective at cross-backup and uses gravity to pressurize the any stage of the firefighting process. One of its water, without any pumping system. The total cisterns is an anti-seismic structure that stores cost for the project (US$10 million) is covered by 1,500 tons of rainwater and that includes a the funding from national and local governments. dual pumping system, shock-proof piping, and The key actor is the Kyoto City Fire Department. hydrants (see figure below). A second cistern, EWSS Project: Comprehensive Structure Design 1,500m3 Rain Water Cistern (Gravity pressure type) Hydrant Mutual Back-up Dual Pumping System 1,500m3 Rain Water Cistern (Pressure type) Earthquakes and Associated Secondary Hazards as They Relate to Traditional Buildings ̶ 21 Kimiko Mekata ◾ Education programs teach citizens to handle fire and fire equipment, organize drills in Assistant Manager, Fire Prevention Division, removal of sensitive cultural properties, etc. Fire Prevention Department, Kyoto City Fire Department Since cultural heritage properties in Japan tend to be made of paper and wood, speed is very Kyoto City receives 50 million tourists every important in their rescue. year. City residents volunteer to coordinate emergency evacuation in case of disaster, and ◾ Kyoto City provides equipment (valued at up to the Cultural Heritage Citizen Rescue system ¥100,000) for emergency response. carries out both ordinary and emergency activities. ◾ Each community has a voluntary firefighting team that manages a DRM plan designed to build resilience against multiple risks. Citizen Rescue System Structure Education Programs Voluntary fire ghting Equipment team Cultural Heritage Citizen Rescue System Tamaki Goto and 50 percent from Kyoto City. The law regarding fire includes different standards for Director, Culture and Citizen Affairs Bureau, different sorts of buildings: ordinary buildings Cultural Properties Preservation Section, Kyoto City need to have enough water stored to last 20 minutes, but cultural heritage properties need The government supports construction and enough water to last 50 minutes in case the fire installation of water systems for cultural services cannot arrive earlier. properties. Nijo Castle receives 50 percent of relevant funding from the national government 22 ̶ Earthquakes and Associated Secondary Hazards as They Relate to Traditional Buildings Site Visit: Nijo Castle Nijo Castle, a World Heritage Site, demonstrates ownership was transferred to Kyoto City, which the importance of conservation, protection, and opened it to the public the next year. disaster prevention. The original construction in 1603 did not include the Honmaru-goten Palace Given the many changes occurring over many or the inner moat surrounding it; these were years, a key challenge in mitigating disaster risk constructed about 20 years after. The castle has is to decide what buildings should be preserved undergone several major renovations and has and how often preservation work should take survived several earthquakes and fires. When place. In this regard, the Nijo Castle staff submits the emperor moved to Tokyo 150 years ago, Nijo a report to the national government indicating Castle became a detached imperial residence their decisions on the castle’s preservation and and remained so until 1939. At that time the renovation work. Fire hydrant Nijo Castle Fire Response System Outer Moat Seiryu-en Garden Fire hydrant route Fire hydrant Honmaru Second fire hydrant Palace Fire hydrant box Water discharge gun facility Main pipe of water supply Ground water reservoire Discharge gun(6 units) Water supply pipe Honmaru Discharge Garden Ninomaru gun(3 units) Palace Water supply pipe Inner Moat Simultaneous opening valve Ninomaru Discharge Garden gun(4 units) Water supply pipe Discharge gun(4 units) Water supply pipe Simultaneous opening valve Discharge gun As shown above, the castle’s water supply 17 hydrant units or discharge guns in the castle system includes 43 fire hydrants plus reservoirs area. This system is divided into four areas and in six different places, making a total of 200 organized by color. Only one discharge gun can tons of water available; there are an additional work at a time. Earthquakes and Associated Secondary Hazards as They Relate to Traditional Buildings ̶ 23 Establishing foundations for new facilities is traditional materials (wood and bark). The difficult because of the archaeological remains tiles are removed to conduct research, and the of previous periods. New disaster prevention restoration and assembly are then carried out measures ensure that foundations hit as little as per the assessment results. possible. Likewise, the water system includes only one pipe to minimize damage to the ◾ The artistic elements are removed and restored archaeological remains, and the water facility is separately. The rust is removed from metal designed to blend in with the historic buildings. objects, and the objects are painted with black ink between the golden parts. Concerning conservation and repair, ◾ The conservation of walls entails use of mud, ◾ The roof is usually replaced every 30–35 years bamboo, and rope to build the core. using traditional Japanese techniques and 24 ̶ Earthquakes and Associated Secondary Hazards as They Relate to Traditional Buildings HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS, INCLUDING STORMS AND FLOODING Yoshifumi Satofuka areas is key, as are urban planning and early warning systems. In many cases, evacuation of Professor, Institute of Disaster Mitigation for Urban Cultural heritage assets is not possible, so preparedness Heritage, Ritsumeikan University (R-DMUCH) is crucial. A good example of cultural heritage adaptation is the Itsukushima Shrine.12 It Japan has experienced an increase in rainfall in was originally designed to avoid damage by the last few years owing to the effects of climate waves and storm surges, with wooden plates change. There are floods every year, mainly intentionally set far apart. These kinds of caused by heavy rainfall over rivers. Flash traditional techniques—and the skills needed to floods, a characteristic type of flood in Japan, carry them out—are key for disaster prevention. disrupt the livelihoods and daily activities of citizens; in 2013, for instance, a typhoon shut Protection measures to prevent flooding of down the metro line in Kyoto for four days. A heritage sites should be designed to avoid any large proportion of Japan is below sea level, impact on the site’s visual appeal. Moreover, including Tokyo, and many Japanese territories even where main structures cannot be evacuated are protected by artificial levees. When a levee in the event of a flood, protocols should be is breached, floods are severe, and it can take established for rescuing/evacuating movable around 40 days for the affected area to recover. heritage. (During the floods in Paris that affected the Louvre Museum, for example, an emergency Cultural heritage areas are especially protocol ensured the evacuation of objects from vulnerable to floods, and the sites need to the museum.) include mitigation measures. Investment in infrastructure for flood reduction in heritage 12 See UNESCO, http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/776. Hydrometeorological Hazards, Including Storms and Flooding ̶ 25 Joseph Runzo-Inada Chief Resilience Officer (100 Resilient Cities–Toyama)13 Joseph Runzo-Inada Toyama is located between the Sea of Japan Chief Resilience Officer and the crest of the northern Japan Alps on an (100 Resilient Cities–Toyama) alluvial plain formed by the Jinzu and Joganji Rivers. The city is prone to floods, which are People help in preparing increasing as climate change increases the hazard maps and that upgrades frequency and intensity of torrential rains. their capacities. Without people, In 1858, a magnitude 7 earthquake in the all solutions are ineffective and mountains above Toyama caused Mt. Otombi nothing will work. and Mt. Kotombi to collapse, damming the Joganji River in the Tateyama Caldera with 410 million cubic meters of debris. The earthquake also generated a large-scale outburst flood ◾ To alleviate future flooding damage in the and sediment deposition on the Joganji city center, a 1,069-meter rainwater storage River’s alluvial fan. This was one of the largest tunnel with a diameter of 5 meters is under landslides ever recorded in the history of Japan. construction. To address its multiple challenges, Toyama City ◾ Flood and inundation hazard maps have has undertaken different measures: been prepared with inputs from national and prefectural governments and in consultation ◾ A major bend in the Jinzu River, which had with residents. They help strengthen caused frequent downtown flooding, was preventative flood damage measures and straightened between 1901 and the 1920s. promote better voluntary evacuation behavior during flooding. ◾ Various rainwater catchment methods have been adopted to fit local conditions. Rainwater ◾ A diverse set of flood control measures— adjustment ponds have been developed construction, IT, and “soft” measures—has to control the inflow volume and flow of also been undertaken for making Toyama City rainwaters into rivers. resilient. 13 See 100 Resilient Cities, “Toyama's Resilience Challenge,” http://www.100resilientcities.org/cities/entry/toyama#/-_/. 26 ̶ Hydrometeorological Hazards, Including Storms and Flooding Site Visit: Ponto-Cho and Kamo River Area The historic district of Ponto-Cho in Kyoto preserves traditional architecture and hosts many tea houses as well as the Kaburenjo ¯ Theatre, which functions as a perform and practice hall for geiko and maiko. evacuating residents and allows access for the The Town Building Council takes care of the emergency teams. Fire extinguishers are placed maintenance of this historic district and on the street and path, and the community regulates the installation of firefighting facilities. periodically holds fire drills. It is responsible for holding meetings and for giving permission to rehabilitate or otherwise Together with local residents of Ponto-cho, the change the buildings. As Ponto-cho is a historical city of Kyoto is planning to remove the power district, the applicable regulations are designed poles from the main street; this step will recreate to adapt and preserve the scenic elements. For the old-fashioned townscape and at the same instance, the allowed gap between buildings time avoid risk of fire by electrical accident.14 in the civil codes is 30–40 cm, while in Ponto- cho it is smaller due to the historic design and Ponto-cho is situated close to the Kamo River, limited space. Because this closer spacing of making it vulnerable to flooding. The water level buildings increases the risk of disaster in the has been going up every year. In 1935 there was area, other measures to mitigate risk—though a major flood, which led to reinforcement of the still protecting the integrity of the place—are riverbanks. Currently, experts from universities, fundamental. other institutions, and the municipality of Kyoto are working together to develop an evacuation For instance, a park created inside the area of plan for Ponto-cho. The role of the local narrow streets provides an open space that can community is also key in the development of help to prevent fires; it also offers an area for preparedness measures. 14 Japan Times, “Kyoto Removing Utility Eyesores to Revive Old-Time Ambiance,” http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/02/08/national/kyoto- removing-utility-eyesores-revive-old-time-ambiance/#.WSHetxkrKUk. Hydrometeorological Hazards, Including Storms and Flooding ̶ 27 ENGAGING COMMUNITIES TO PRESERVE CULTURAL HERITAGE Dowon Kim and execution. Consultations with owners of private houses took place at the beginning of Associate Professor, Institute of Disaster Mitigation for the planning process. As a result, residents Urban Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University (R-DMUCH) are responsible for maintenance of the system, but also now have access to the equipment for Kyoto is organized through Preservation Districts daily use. They also receive training on how to for Groups of Traditional Buildings. Since local assist in putting out fires. Since the water for residents are the ones to actually respond to the system comes from rainwater, there is little disasters, disaster prevention facilities and cost to the population. The local community is citizen education are essential to prevent thus involved in the protection of its heritage in disaster damages. In general, the role of local case of hazard, in direct collaboration with the communities is key for protecting cultural authorities. heritage. The case of Sasayama is another very good For instance, Kyoto City developed a plan relying example of a local government interacting with on community involvement to engage citizens the preservation committee (a key player for with the EWSS. The first pilot plan was executed organization and engagement) and citizens. in the Kiyomizu-dera area through a residents’ Particularly important are the citizens’ workshop in 2004 and included a Disaster workshops held in collaboration with the Imagination Game (DIG). preservation committee, which aim to push citizens to better understand their community’s The DIG methodology serves to engage local values and disaster risks. These meetings are government and experts, while also helping also paired with training drills, as the residents community members to prepare themselves consider necessary. for future adverse events. It includes many activities, from collecting all available data on Key recommendations for engaging communities the site (related to both cultural heritage and include the following: disaster risk), to working directly with the local community (as this is a collaborative project ◾ Involve the local community in the surveys on among citizens, experts, and governments). The heritage sites as part of risk assessments and objective is to establish what kind of risks could risk preparedness, giving special attention affect the cultural heritage site. The DIG includes to how to evacuate and conserve the cultural group classification and map making, selection heritage for the future. of cultural assets for protection, drawing of the predicted damage conditions, imaging of firefighting and sheltering, and discussion ◾ Organize workshops with the community and and brainstorming. Finally, all the data and local authorities to discuss possible mitigation explanations are located over a map to visualize measures and management plans to protect the the situation. The goal is to develop a resilient heritage. culture. ◾ Organize evacuation drills and other exercises, The EWSS relies on community engagement such as the DIG, to engage and educate more and participation throughout its planning people on the importance of preserving cultural sites. 28 ̶ Engaging Communities to Preserve Cultural Heritage CONNECTING TO TOURISM: PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE Ariana Luquin Deputy Manager of Program and Public Relations, United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)/ Regional Support Office for Asia and the Pacific (RSOAP) Tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries Ariana Luquin Deputy Manager of Program and Public Relations, in the world. Annual average growth of 3.3 United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)/ percent is expected, and international tourist Regional Support Office for Asia and the Pacific (RSOAP) arrivals are forecast to reach 1.8 billion by 2030. This growth means jobs, but also entails a lot Culture can do without tourism, of challenges. Tourism must not only address but tourism cannot do the needs of visitors, industries, and hosts, it must also be sustainable and take full account without culture.15 of its current and future economic, social, and environmental impacts. Tourism is becoming a tool to promote cultural this situation, The UNWTO Toolbox for Crisis identity: travelers nowadays are very well Communication in Tourism was developed. It informed through various channels—destination includes step-by-step protocols, checklists, marketing and promotion, online applications, sample templates configured by type of crisis social media, etc.—even before they begin and media categories, guidelines for measuring their travels. They are also aware of safety and effectiveness, a list of best practices, and a security concerns. special chapter on the use of social media in times of crisis. This toolbox serves as a practical Tourists are especially vulnerable to disasters guide that helps travel and tourism stakeholders because they are not familiar with the territory, effectively address the challenges generated by hazards, evacuation measures, etc. To address crises. The UN General Assembly designated 2017 as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development, recognizing sustainable tourism as a key tool for poverty reduction, protection of the environment, improvement of quality of life, and promotion of sustainable development. 15 UNWTO, “UNWTO/UNESCO World Conference on Tourism and Culture” Cambodia, 2015. Connecting to Tourism: Promotion and Protection of Cultural Heritage ̶ 29 Ahmed Eiweida ◾ Include cultural heritage protection in developing countries as a key to creating Lead Urban Specialist (GSURR), World Bank resilience. Responding to disasters is not an everyday task for the tourism sector, but managing the large number of visitors is. Tourism can itself become a hazard if it is not properly managed and the site is not properly prepared for visitors. It is important to identify the capacity of the site and to include tourists when developing a management plan. Kyoto is a perfect textbook for sustainable tourism. As Kyoto is doing, cities must diffuse the vast number of tourists by leading them to satellite sites around the main city. This approach sees tourists as opportunities, not as hazards. How can we ensure sustainable tourism, cultural heritage conservation, and site management? ◾ Look for regional equality and encourage tourists to travel to other less popular and less known sites by connecting different areas in the same region. UNESCO-WB and practitioners during the planning, financing and implementation process of post-disaster and post- PARTNERSHIP conflict urban reconstruction and recovery. Additional joint activities included the Seoul TDD on This TDD was included as part of the renewed Cultural Heritage, Sustainable Tourism and Urban partnership between the World Bank—through the Regeneration, developed on November 27 - December Social, Urban, Rural, and Resilience Global Practice 1, 2017, in Seoul, South Korea; and the World Bank- (GSURR)—and UNESCO, which was strengthened with UNESCO Networking Event on Culture, Reconstruction the signature of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) and Recovery at the 9th World Urban Forum (WUF9) in July 20171. in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on February 10, 2018. Likewise, in May 17, 2018, a co-organized session titled: In the framework of this MOU, the World Bank Culture, The Future of Preserving the Past: Understanding and Heritage, and Sustainable Tourism (CHST) Knowledge Communicating Risk to Cultural Heritage through a Silo Breaker (KSB) Core Team and UNESCO-Culture Disaster Imagination Game2, will take place as part of the Sector Team, are currently collaborating in the 2018 Understanding Risk Forum (UR2018) in Mexico City. preparation of a white paper titled: “Culture, Recovery and Reconstruction: Sustainable development policies to address the impact of conflicts, disasters and crises in cities”. The objective is to develop a framework and operational guidance for Governments task teams 1 http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2017/07/13/unesco-and-world-bank-collaborate-on-culture-urban-development-and-resilience 2 https://understandrisk.org/event-session/the-future-of-preserving-the-past/ 30 ̶ Connecting to Tourism: Promotion and Protection of Cultural Heritage CLIENTS PROFILES AND ACTION PLANS Albania Cultural Heritage and Hazards Institutions Cultural Heritage Disaster Risk Management National Level Institutions National Level Institutions ・Ministry of culture ・Ministry of Interior Affairs ・Institute of cultural monuments ・National directorate for disaster risk reduction ・ASHA ・ASHA Regional level Regional level ・Regional directorates of ・Prefecture of Berat (Emergency Unit) national culture ・Police or Fire Protection and Rescue ・Directorate of Public Health and regional hospital ・Military Division of Berat • Berat & Gjirokastra historic cities ・Regional Environment Agency - Architecture: Fortifications, Byzantine churches, mosques, vernacular Municipal government—since the municipal reform the municipality plays a critical coordination role - Coexistence of various religions and cultural traditions ・Tourism promotion ・Police, fire fighting and other emergency response services - Artisans (artistic, craft values) ・Directorate of Water Supply • Earthquakes, fires, floods, rockfall, landslides ・Drainage Board ・ Police Station Challenges Approaches Implementation Plan • Lack of technical expertise to • Technical outsourced assistance: 1. Create a database with detailed design and implement advanced Engineering capabilities related to information on risks posed to cultural heritage resilience slope stabilization, fire response, cultural heritage properties. initiatives and other DRM-related areas that 2. Develop initiatives to engage the • Lack of funding require specialized expertise community through • Improper restoration work • Identification of additional sources a) Creation of community groups (reducing resilience and cultural of revenue generation and to address specific cultural value of sites) financing; partnerships with heritage risks and issues private sector and NGOs • Abandonment of historic buildings, b) Community mapping exercise resulting in lack of maintenance • Building awareness among for cultural heritage risks and business and local communities response • Difficulty raising local about the value of cultural communities’ awareness of the heritage--through roundtables, c) Trainings and drills with the value of cultural assets and of the information sharing, and revision community in disaster risk need to preserve them community of cultural heritage law in case management • Difficulty engaging community in owners abandon historic buildings 3. Develop a full-scale project for general, not only in relation to DRM • Promotion of citizen engagement: stabilization of slopes against and cultural heritage issues Collaborative creation of strategies rockfall in Berat utilizing the • Lack of awareness on part of public by community groups opportunity provided by the World decision makers about the risks Bank project. • Promotion by municipal leaders of faced by cultural heritage sites projects addressing risks to 4. Seek technical and financial cultural heritage assets assistance from national and international institutions for a) Multi-risk hazard mapping for heritage sites b) Slope stabilization technical solutions c) Technical solution for upgrading fire prevention systems Clients Profiles and Action Plans ̶ 31 Bhutan Cultural Heritage and Hazards Institutions • Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs • Engineering Adaptation & Risk Reduction Division, Department of Disaster Management, Ministry of Works and Human Settlement • Local governments • Traditional rammed earth and masonry buildings - Dzongs - Monasteries and stupas - Traditional villages • Earthquakes, fires, floods, windstorms, landslides Challenges Approaches Implementation Plan • Absence of • Develop a process for identifying 1. Pilot project: Risk assessment for guidelines/methodology for risk and mitigating risk: Based on one of the nationally important assessment of nationally important lessons learned, Bhutan would like cultural heritage sites can be cultural heritage sites—both pre- to formulate a guideline for carried out. This assessment will and post-disaster situations restoration of heritage sites at determine what can be done in the • Very limited awareness among national level and a preparedness short, medium, and long term to stakeholders plan for a pilot site. enhance the resilience of the • Promote community involvement heritage site. • Limited research on traditional construction materials and as an important part of the process 2. Following the risk assessment, an technology for making a viable DRM plan; awareness campaign can be raising awareness among all carried out; all relevant • Difficulty developing and relevant stakeholders, including stakeholders should be invited to integrating appropriate communities, will be part of the participate in discussions and site disaster-resilient measures in effort to formulate the guideline. visits. traditional buildings • Difficulty building technical expertise and monitoring systems (both for monitoring of heritage buildings to study the cause of issues and monitoring during implementation of the conservation works) 32 ̶ Clients Profiles and Action Plans China Cultural Heritage and Hazards Institutions • Jingzhou Historic City • State Administration of Cultural Heritage (SACH): Conservation of cultural • Wall of Jingzhou heritage assets, law enforcement, and inspection work • Jinan Town of Chu Kingdom (one • Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD): Overall of the six great heritage sites of planning work; management of historical buildings, and specific China) protection scopes • Yin Town • Ministry of Water Resources (Yangtze River Water Resources Commission in Jingzhou): Responsible for flood damage • Floods, fires, frail infrastructure in historical districts • Ministry of Public Security (Fire Bureau): Responsible for fire hazards Challenges Approaches Implementation Plan • Raise the awareness of the public 1. Write a special report on the and promote community experience and knowledge gotten participation through education from this learning activity and and training. Disputes over the share it with relevant property rights of traditional management departments and residential buildings should be research institutes. further resolved. 2. Prepare annual work plans to • Further strengthen the study of establish a coordinating traditional architecture and institution before June; then invite traditional construction methods. experts to go to Jingzhou in Cooperate with the architecture September. experts and universities of Japan 3. Carry out many community • Lack of technical expertise to about the Tang Dynasty’s trainings over the year. design and implement advanced traditional construction cultural heritage resilience techniques. 4. Invite World Bank experts in initiatives public participation, legal aspects, • The local government already has and historical architecture, • Lack of funding the legislative power concerning especially the experts in cultural • Improper restoration work cultural heritage. Now Jingzhou heritage restoration and (reducing resilience and cultural has enacted local regulation about conservation of Japan. value of sites) CHT (Regulations on Conservation of Jingzhou Historic Town). 5. Draw on Ritsumeikan University’s • Abandonment of historic buildings, Institutions will be coordinated research achievements in DRM resulting in lack of maintenance and an expert pool will be and historical building • Difficulty raising local established in accordance with the restoration. communities’ awareness of the local laws. value of cultural assets and of the need to preserve them community • Difficulty engaging community in general, not only in relation to DRM and cultural heritage issues • Lack of awareness on part of public decision makers about the risks faced by cultural heritage sites Clients Profiles and Action Plans ̶ 33 Myanmar Cultural Heritage and Hazards Institutions • Myanmar Cultural Heritage Preservation, Restoration and Conservation Central Committee • Ministry of Religious Affairs and Culture • Department of Archaeology in each region/state • National Disaster Risk Management Committee: Chairperson is vice president; secretary is Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement; all ministries are members Challenges • Various DRM plans under • Yangon City: 189 colonial buildings, numerous listed heritage buildings Myanmar Action Plan on DRM • Bagan: Over 4,000 pagodas, temples, monasteries, and ancient • Weak coordination among infrastructure from the 10th to 14th centuries departments, including • Mrauk-U, Pyu, Innwa, Amaprupura, Sagaing, Mingun, Mandalay, Badah-lin development partners Cave, etc. • Limited resources, both technical • Earthquakes, floods, fires, cyclones, conflicts and financial Approaches Implementation Plan • Strengthen national policies • Seek technical assistance for retrofitting policies and - National Guidelines and Classification Policies on guidelines and building database. cultural heritage • Apply lessons in current DRM project implementation - Link between tourism management plan and site (retrofitting of heritage buildings, drainage management plan on disaster risk reduction improvement system). - Need to consider surrounding environment as well as • Use Japanese heritage classification model in Yangon. cultural heritage • Seek technical assistance for DRM plan on cultural • Enhance coordination and promote participatory heritage sites. approach at all levels • Build capacity in DRM (training at least three in each • Build capacity department at technical level). - Technology for firefighting, flood protection, • Conduct peer learning exchange program. retrofitting, slope protection, and lightning protection • Introduce resilient DRM Learning Hub in Myanmar. - Knowledge and awareness of DRM, including cultural heritage, from the operation level to policy-making level • Adapt approaches to Myanmar context - Fire preparedness plan at cultural heritage site in Yangon - Flood management in upgrading of new technology - Earthquake risk assessment for buildings near the site to be retrofitted - Security system - Learning Hub on DRM 34 ̶ Clients Profiles and Action Plans Nepal Cultural Heritage and Hazards Institutions • Major CHT assets: Department of Archaeology • DRM gap: Home Ministry, Local Development Ministry, municipalities, guthi (trusts), and National Reconstruction Authority • Seven protected monument zones in Kathmandu Valley (World Heritage Sites); two natural heritage sites plus six on the Tentative List • Thousands of temples, shrines, gumbas, and other monuments • Hundreds of thousands of privately owned traditional houses with cultural heritage significance • Earthquakes, flood, landslides/land erosion, fires/ lightning Challenges Implementation Plan • Reconstruction of privately owned traditional houses • Get technical support from Ritsumeikan University for • Reconstruction of World Heritage Site monuments with DRM plan for Patan Historical City Center. originality, authenticity, and integrity • Request Tokyo Hub support for studies on Japanese • Community engagement, funds management (for repairs, experience (e.g., for fire prevention in Nijo Castle). maintenance, retrofitting, risk management, site • Develop Detailed Guideline for Reconstruction; draft of improvement) Reconstruction Principles is ready. • Skilled laborers and artisans; traditional materials • Prepare a pilot Integrated Master Plan for Changu • Coordination between stakeholders Narayan Temple (World Heritage Monument Zone), including financial plan for repair, restoration, risk • Monitoring of construction activities identification, and risk management. • Normal reconstruction vs. cultural heritage • Carry out policy revision, develop legal framework, and reconstruction roll out system for private house reconstruction (incentive package for privately owned important cultural heritage buildings). Approaches • Systematic management of funds for cultural heritage preservation and disaster risk management: The government needs to prepare bylaws for revenue collection and fund disbursement for preservation, site improvement, and risk management. • Case by case: Investment in risk identification, risk management, cultural heritage site improvement, and community engagement is needed. Clients Profiles and Action Plans ̶ 35 The Philippines Cultural Heritage and Hazards Institutions • National agencies: Department of Tourism, National Commission on Culture and the Arts (National Museum, National Historical Commission), • Tangible and provincial governments, intangible Regional Development Councils, heritage assets city and municipal governments • Historic cities • DRM: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management • Seismic risks, soil Council; provinces, cities, and liquefaction, municipalities typhoons, fires, floods, urbanization • Climate change and human-induced risks to the environment, which require mechanisms to mitigate their impact on communities, tangible heritage, and biodiversity Challenges Approaches Implementation Plan • Planning and programming • Review existing plans and - Implement multi-hazard programs within the context of a vulnerability assessment DRM heritage conservation framework. - Carry out historical and cultural mapping • Activate stakeholders, community support, and advocacy for the - Review laws, rules, and framework. regulations within the framework • Gain needed support for technical assistance/deployment of experts • Integration of conservation and to integrate DRM in conservation DRM plans and urban heritage. Pilot • Governance: Regulatory framework - Use DRM as framework for implementation of and implementation conservation guidelines, projects/capability • Common methodology for programs, and plans building/institutional building. multi-hazard vulnerability assessment for cultural heritage assets • Coordination between national agencies and local government units • Risk transfer mechanism (risk financing and insurance, funding for projects) 36 ̶ Clients Profiles and Action Plans Saudi Arabia Cultural Heritage and Hazards Institutions • Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage (SCTH) • Regional Tourism Development Councils • SCTH branches • Built heritage offices within major municipalities (Amanat) • General Authority for Meteorology and Environment Protection • Saudi Civil Defense • Regions and municipalities • Saudi Standards, Metrology and • Important archaeological sites Quality Organization • Four World Heritage Sites (Al-Hijr or Madâin Sâlih; At-Turaif District in ad-Dir'iyah; Historic Jeddah; and Rock Art in the Ha'il Region) • 1,800 built heritage properties (Masmak Palace, Khuzam Palace, Nassif House, etc.) • Historic city centers • Natural and man-made hazards: Floods, sand storms, demolitions Challenges Approaches Implementation Plan • Abandonment and degradation of • Strategies/institutional • Arrange a workshop on resilient heritage areas; disappearance of arrangements for coordination cultural heritage during the traditional building skills among multiple agencies or levels upcoming National Built Heritage • Conflict of interests (between of government Forum. SCTH, owners, potential investors) • Effective engagement of local • Develop a strategic framework and • Limited community involvement communities in heritage-based detailed action plan for integrating tourism and preservation DRM and CHT. • DRM capacity building among • Elaborate and pilot guidelines for cultural heritage agencies, and the preparation of DRM plans for vice versa cultural heritage properties. Clients Profiles and Action Plans ̶ 37 Tanzania Cultural Heritage and Hazards Institutions • Stone Town Conservation and Development Authority (STCDA) • Department of Archives, Museum and Antiquities; Department of Urban and Rural Planning • Zanzibar Commission for Disaster Control and Management (under the Vice President’s Office) • Stone Town of Zanzibar (World Heritage Site) • Historic monuments and cultural festivals • Collapsing of heritage buildings; development pressure; insufficient public awareness about the importance of preserving cultural heritage; fires and soil erosion along the coast; vandalism Challenges Implementation Plan • Governance and institutional strengthening • Develop design guidelines for heritage building - Clear guidelines for disaster risk management maintenance, restoration, rehabilitation, alteration, demolition, new construction, and DRM; seek technical - Increased community engagement in decision making assistance to explore available technologies and design - Capacity building of the cultural heritage team options. - Enforcement of the rules and regulations • Increase government and community awareness and engagement. • Technical constraints - STCDA and ZSTHS (Zanzibar Stone Town Heritage - Scarcity of conservation materials Society) will organize public awareness events. - Scarcity of technical skills in conservation - Stakeholders will closely collaborate with the • Diversification of finance Commission of Tourism. - Seek support for bilateral or twinning arrangement to exchange experiences and practices. Approaches • Explore options to increase financial sources to conserve the heritage site. • Financial contribution to and community engagement - Start dialogue with Zanzibar Housing Corporation for with the cultural heritage site potential • Committed management of and technological revolving fund for application to resilient cultural heritage rehabilitation of • Sustainable financial and human resources in cultural historic building heritage - Develop • Adaptation of these methods through stakeholder heritage-site involvement; mobilization of proper resources for open spaces for cultural heritage sustainability touristic and local activities. 38 ̶ Clients Profiles and Action Plans Uzbekistan Cultural Heritage and Hazards Institutions Research and Production Department Ministry of Culture for the Protection and Use of Cultural Heritage Objects Ministry of Emergency Situations State Committee Cablnet of for Tourism Ministers Development Agency “Uzarchive” under the Cabinet of • More than 20 historic cities (four UNESCO Ministers Heritage Cities) State Committee for Land Resources, • More than 10 natural landscapes (1 included on Geodesy, Cartography UNESCO World Heritage List) Govermmental Commission for the and State Cadaster • More than 7,000 cultural heritage assets Coordination of issues • Earthquakes, floods, extreme weather impacts, on the Protection and aging cultural heritage assets with inadequate Use of Objects of conservation measures, unplanned development Cultural Heritage Challenges Implementation Plan • Coordinating with relevant • Foster knowledge exchange with other countries (such as Japan) on the agencies involved in resilient importance of integrating DRM into CHT. cultural heritage • Explore training by mobilizing experts to build awareness of resilient CHT • Raising awareness of / enhancing among larger stakeholders in Uzbekistan. skills for incorporation of resilient • Facilitate discussion between Ministry of Culture, State Committee for cultural heritage into sustainable Tourism Development (SCTD), and Ministry of Emergency Situations as well tourism development as with international donors (urban team in Tashkent). • Working within regulatory framework that is inadequate for Priority areas Short-term action Medium-term Long-term integrating tourism development in action action cultural heritage TDD follow-up on Specific guidelines and Institution training; knowledge Implementation policies on CHT of guidelines and building exchange to enhance management plans at different approaches to policies national level resilient CHT Approaches • Cultural heritage management Coordination between Inventory of cultural Integrated various agencies plan involved in this sphere; assets; risk assessment Strategic planning of all CHT; advocacy for planning and • Community involvement, disaster establishment of emergency heritage fund prioritizing of technical working group preparedness for CHT sites investments based on risk • Advocacy for emergency Informing the linkages of assessment contingency fund Linkages with proposed actions to Analytical work to findings; government government’s national underpin the impact on implementation • Consistent conservation/ programs, benefits of CHT development of the project programs restoration efforts to avoid major in boosting local economy damage Clients Profiles and Action Plans ̶ 39 Annex 1. 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II.  World Heritage and Tourism in a 2. “ DRM for Cultural Heritage  Changing Climate—Executive Summary and Recommendations” (pp. 9–32) and Sustainable Tourism in By United Nations Environment Programme International Development (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya; the United Nations Support Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, France; and the Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA | 2016 “Cultural Heritage Conservation” 4.  http://www.preventionweb.net/publications/ By J. E. Duyne Barenstein. Chapter 11 of Safer view/49009 Homes, Stronger Communities: A Handbook for Reconstructing after Natural Disasters, edited by Handbook examining the relationship between A. K. Jha et al., 173–79, World Bank and Global World Heritage Sites and tourism; also explores Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery how climate change will pose new challenges (GFDRR) | 2010 40 ̶ Annex 1. Bibliography and Resources III. Capturing Elements of the  https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr/files/ publication/SaferHomesStrongerCommunitites. pdf Japanese Experience Practical guide for protecting and conserving “Disaster Risk Management of Cultural 7.  communities’ cultural heritage, especially Heritage Based on the Experience of the traditional housing, as an integral part of post- Great Hanshin Earthquake” disaster recovery programs. By Y. Murakami. Cultural Heritage Protection Cooperation Office, Asia-Pacific Cultural Centre  Disaster Preparedness for Cultural 5. “ for UNESCO (ACCU Nara Office) | 2011 Heritage” http://www.nara.accu.or.jp/elearning/2011/risk. By C. Johnnides. EAP DRM Knowledge Notes, pdf Working Paper Series No. 14. World Bank | 2009 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/ Case study on lessons learned from the 1995 en/768121468038327540/pdf/529500BRI0REVI Kobe Earthquake, the damages to cultural 10BOX353820B01PUBLIC1.pdf heritage, and the measures taken to develop disaster risk management plans in the sector. Working paper on basic principles of disaster preparedness for cultural heritage, based on “Cultural Heritage and Preservation” 8.  experience in the East Asia and Pacific region. Chapter 35 of Learning from Megadisasters, edited by F. Ranghieri, and M. Ishiwatari, 323– “Cultural Heritage” 6.  29, World Bank | 2014 By Government of Nepal National Planning http://45.55.174.20/documents/360 Commission. In Nepal Earthquake 2015 Post Disaster Needs Assessment—vol. B: Sector Case study of lessons learned from the Reports, pp. 65–75, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu | Great East Japan Earthquake and associated 2015 tsunami on March 11, 2011; describes how http://un.org.np/sites/default/files/PDNA- various organizations rescued and preserved volume-B.pdf a wide range of historical records and cultural properties damaged by the tsunami waves and Government-led Post-Disaster Needs Assessment, earthquake tremors. supported by various development partners, with section on cultural heritage assets; includes damage, losses, and recovery needs and strategy after the 2015 earthquakes. Annex 1. Bibliography and Resources ̶ 41 Additional Resources 6. “The ABC Method: A Risk Management Approach to the Preservation of Cultural 1. UNISDR video: “HFA Success Stories—Japan's Heritage” Cultural Heritage Preservation” http://canada.pch.gc.ca/DAMAssetPub/DAM- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KeqR- PCH2-Museology-PreservConserv/STAGING/ uyHMs texte-text/risk_Manual_2016_ 1486742306045_eng.pdf 2. R-DMUCH video: “International Training Course, 2006–2014” 7. “Reducing Disaster Risk at World Heritage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= Properties—UNESCO” nFvM0XhEBkY http://whc.unesco.org/en/disaster-risk- reduction 3. “UNESCO’s Response to Protect Culture in Crises #UNITE4HERITAGE” 8. “Protecting Cultural Heritage in Times of https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ Conflict (ICCROM)” 2016_clt_emergency_brochure_en_light.pdf http://www.iccrom.org/ifrcdn/pdf/ICCROM_ 18_ProtectingHeritageConflict_en.pdf 4. “Disaster Risk Management of Cultural Heritage in Urban Areas—An Interactive 9. “Integrating Traditional Knowledge Systems Training Guide” & Concern for Cultural & Natural Heritage http://www.r-dmuch.jp/en/project/itc/ into Risk Management Strategies” training_guide/index.html http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/events/ documents/event-538-1.pdf 5. “A Guide to Risk Management of Cultural Heritage—ICCROM 2016” 10. “Disaster Risk Management for the Historic http://www.iccrom.org/wp-content/uploads/ City of Patan, Nepal—R-DMUCH” Guide-to-Risk-Managment_English.pdf http://www.r-dmuch.jp/en/project/dl_files/ report/2012+03+KTM+Final+Report.pdf 42 ̶ Annex 1. Bibliography and Resources UNESCO: UNWTO: • World Heritage Education Program: • Sustainable Tourism for Development Guide: http://whc.unesco.org/en/wheducation/ 
 http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/ • World Heritage in Young Hands kit: book/10.18111/9789284415496 http://whc.unesco.org/en/educationkit/ #downloadkit • Toolbox for Crisis Communication in Tourism: • Manual for development management plan for http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/ World Heritage Sites: pdf/10.18111/9789284413652 http://whc.unesco.org/en/managing-cultural- world-heritage/ • ASEAN Crisis Communication Manual: • Best practices in managing World Heritage: http://www.asean.org/storage/2016/01/ http://whc.unesco.org/en/recognition-of-best- publications/ASEAN_Tourism_Crisis_ practices/ Communication- 2015.pdf • Learning with Intangible Cultural Heritage for a Sustainable Future: http://www.unescobkk.org/fileadmin/user_ upload/culture/ICH_ESD/Integration_of_ICH_ UNEDOC.pdf • UNESCO project on traditional children’s games: http://www.unescobkk.org/culture/ich/ children-games/?utm_medium=ema • Operational Directives for the 2003 Convention on Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage: http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/doc/src/ ICH-Operational_Directives-6.GA-PDF-EN.pdf • World Heritage and Sustainable Development: http://whc.unesco.org/en/sustainable development/ Annex 1. Bibliography and Resources ̶ 43 Annex 2. TDD Agenda DAY 1. Monday, April 10 - Tokyo 9:00 Welcome and opening remarks – 11:30 Client Presentation #1 (3) am Moderator: Dan Levine, Senior Officer, am  hilippines – Reducing 1. P Tokyo Development Learning Center Vulnerability to Natural Disasters (TDLC) China – Hubei Jingzhou Historic 2.  • Sameh Wahba, Director of Urban Town Conservation and Territorial Development, Albania – Integrated Urban and 3.  Disaster Risk Management, and Tourism Promotion Resilience (World Bank) Q&A and discussion • Lazare Eloundou Assomo, Deputy • Participants, UNESCO team, Director of the Heritage Division Toyama CRO and officials and the World Heritage Centre, 12:00 Client Engagement Exercise: Culture Sector (UNESCO) pm Institutional Mapping 9:45 Meet your colleagues: Cultural bingo am • Jay Newman, Disaster Risk Management Specialist, DRM Hub, 1:30 Management of Cultural Sites: From Tokyo; GFDRR (World Bank) pm Preparedness to Post-Disaster Recovery 10:00 Introduction to the Technical Deep Dive • Rohit Jigyasu (R-DMUCH / ICOMOS) am • Phil Karp, Lead Knowledge 2:00 Q&A and discussion Management Specialist (World pm • Participants, UNESCO team, Bank) Toyama CRO and officials 10:05 Learning objectives and client profiles am • Haruka Imoto, Knowledge Management Analyst (World Bank) 2:30 Client Presentation #2 (2) • Barbara Minguez Garcia, Cultural pm 4. Myanmar – Southeast Asia DRM Heritage and DRM Consultant Tanzania – Zanzibar Urban 5.  (World Bank) Services • Jay Newman (World Bank) Q&A and discussion • Participants, UNESCO team, Toyama CRO and officials 10:30 Fundamentals of Disaster Risk am Management for Cultural Heritage • Rohit Jigyasu, Professor at 3:15 Client Engagement Exercise: Ritsumeikan University (R-DMUCH) pm Challenges of Risk Management and President of ICOMOS India • Dowon Kim, Assistant Professor at Ritsumeikan University (R-DMUCH) 3:45 Introduction to Action Planning 11:00 Q&A and discussion pm • Phil Karp (World Bank) am • Participants, UNESCO team, Toyama chief resilience officer (CRO) and officials 44 ̶ Annex 2. TDD Agenda DAY 2. Tuesday, April 11 - Kyoto 1:00 Recap from Day 1 and Introduction to 4:15 Client Presentation #3 (2 + CRO) pm Day 2 pm 6. Nepal – Earthquake Housing • Jay Newman and Barbara Minguez Reconstruction Garcia (World Bank) Bhutan – Improving Resilience to 7.  1:10 Introduction and Welcome – R-DMUCH Seismic Risk pm Ritsumeikan University 8. Talk from Joseph Runzo-Inada, • Takeyuki Okubo, Professor at Chief Resilience Officer (Toyama Ritsumeikan University (R-DMUCH) CRO) • Noriyoshi Tsuruoka, Deputy 4:45 Q&A and discussion Director, Cultural Properties pm • Participants, UNESCO team, Division, Department of Guidance, Toyama CRO and officials Kyoto Prefectural Board of Day 2 Wrap-Up and Introduction Education for Day 3 • Phil Karp and Haruka Imoto (World Bank) 1:45 Earthquakes and secondary hazards pm (focus on fire): Impact on traditional buildings and livelihoods • Takeyuki Okubo (R-DMUCH) 2:15 Q&A and discussion pm • Participants, UNESCO team, Toyama CRO and officials 2:40 Client Engagement Exercise: pm Heritage at Risk 3:15 Storms and secondary hazards (focus on pm floods): Climate change adaptation for heritage and impact to livelihood • Yoshifumi Satofuka, Professor at Ritsumeikan University (R-DMUCH) 3:45 Q&A and discussion pm • Participants, UNESCO team, Toyama CRO and officials Annex 2. TDD Agenda ̶ 45 DAY 3. Wednesday, April 12 - Kyoto 8:30 Site Visit 1: Kiyomizu Temple 3:00 Stocktaking from visits am pm • Jay Newman and Barbara Minguez • Takeyuki Okubo (R-DMUCH) and Mr. Garcia (World Bank) Mori (Kiyomizu Temple) • Rohit Jigyasu and Dowon Kim Q&A and discussion (R-DMUCH) • Participants, UNESCO team, Toyama CRO and officials 3:45 Community involvement in historic pm cities and towns to preserve cultural heritage • Dowon Kim (R-DMUCH) 4:15 Q&A and discussion pm • Participants, UNESCO team, Toyama CRO and officials 4:45 Client Presentation #4 (2) pm Uzbekistan – Medium-size Cities’ 9.  Integrated Urban and Territorial Development 10. Saudi Arabia – Heritage-Led Urban Regeneration Q&A and discussion • Participants, UNESCO team, Toyama CRO and officials 5:15 Implementing the Culture- and pm Heritage-Related Provisions in the 12:00 Site Visit 2: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk pm Ponto-Cho and Kamo River area Reduction • Dowon Kim (R-DMUCH) • Giovanni Boccardi, Chief of the Q&A and discussion Emergency Preparedness and • Participants, UNESCO team, Response Unit, Culture Sector Toyama CRO and officials (UNESCO) Q&A and discussion • Participants, UNESCO team, Toyama CRO and officials 6:00 Kodaiji Temple – Night Visit pm 46 ̶ Annex 2. TDD Agenda DAY 4. Thursday, April 13 - Kyoto 9:30 Site Visit 3: Nijyo Castle 1:30 Resilient Historic Cities for Tourism am pm Improvement Kyoto City Nakagyo Fire Station • Hiroyuki Fujita, Chief Resilience • Ariana Luquin, Deputy Manager Officer for Kyoto of Program and Public Relations, • Tamaki Goto, Director, Culture and UNWTO Regional Support Office for Citizen Affairs Bureau, Cultural Asia and the Pacific Properties Preservation Section, 2:00 Panel discussion – Moderator: Kyoto City pm Carmen Nonay, Practice Manager • Kimiko Mekata, Assistant Manager, (World Bank) Fire Prevention Division, Fire Sameh Wahba (World Bank) Prevention Department, Kyoto City Ariana Luquin (UNWTO Regional Fire Department Support Office for Asia and the Pacific) 10:30 – 10:50 Q&A and discussion Ahmed Eiweida (World Bank) 11:00 – 12:00 Guided site visit in Nijyo Guiller Asido (Philippines, Tourism Castle Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority) 2:30 Peer Assist Session pm Phil Karp (World Bank) 4:00 – Work on Action Plans 5:30 pm 5:30 Day 4 Wrap-Up pm • Jay Newman and Barbara Minguez Garcia (World Bank) DAY 5. Friday, April 14 - Tokyo 9:30 Preparation of Action Plan Kumiko Shimotsuma, Dr. of am Engineering, Senior Specialist for Cultural Properties, Historic Urban 11:00 Action Plan Presentations - followed by Conservation Unit, Architecture am comments from expert panel Division, Cultural Properties Moderator: Department, Agency for Cultural Dan Levine (World Bank) Affairs, Government of Japan Sameh Wahba (World Bank) Phil Karp (World Bank) Rohit Jigyasu (R-DMUCH / ICOMOS) 3:00 Closing Remarks Dorine Dubois (UNESCO) pm • World Bank team Annex 2. TDD Agenda ̶ 47 Annex 3. Speakers and Collaborators Information is as of the time of the TDD. With a few exceptions, the list follows the order in which people spoke. Daniel A. Levine Sameh Naguib Wahba Lazare Eloundou Assomo Senior Operations Officer / Team Director, GSURR, World Bank Deputy Director of the Heritage Lead, TDLC, World Bank Division and the World Heritage An Egyptian national, Sameh Centre, Culture Sector, UNESCO Dan manages the Tokyo- is Director for Urban and based operations and staff Territorial Development, Lazare is trained as an of the TDLC. He has over 12 Disaster Risk Management architect, conservator and years of experience with the and Resilience at the World town planner specializing World Bank and International Bank’s Social, Urban, Rural, in earthen architecture and Finance Corporation covering and Resilience Global Practice, cultural heritage. Until October finance and private sector based in Washington, DC. He 2016, he was UNESCO Head of development, knowledge oversees the formulation of Office and Representative in and portfolio management, Bank strategy and the design Mali and mainly responsible jobs and growth, and most and delivery of all Bank for coordinating UNESCO’s recently infrastructure and lending, technical assistance, actions to protect Mali’s urban development. Within policy advisory activities, and cultural heritage and the World Bank Group, Dan has partnerships at the global ancient manuscripts. It developed a reputation for the level. Prior to joining the is in this capacity that he application of knowledge in Bank in 2004, he worked at successfully coordinated the direct support of lending and the Institute of Housing and rapid reconstruction of the analytical operations. In the Urban Development Studies in mausoleums in Timbuktu that private sector, Dan worked in Rotterdam and at the Harvard were destroyed by violent government affairs, private Center for Urban Development extremist groups, in close equity, and management Studies. He holds a PhD and cooperation with MINUSMA consulting. As a Wolcott master’s in urban planning (the peacekeeping mission in Fellow, Dan obtained an MBA from Harvard University, and Mali). He is the author of the from the George Washington a BSc and MSc in architectural book African World Heritage: University. engineering from Cairo A Remarkable Diversity, which University. Most recently, he was recently published by coauthored the Bank’s flagship UNESCO. publication Regenerating Urban Land: A Practitioner’s Guide to Leveraging Private Investment. 48 ̶ Annex 3. Speakers and Collaborators Carmen Nonay Philip Eugene Karp Vibhu Jain Practice Manager, GSURR, World Lead Knowledge Management Urban Development and Disaster Bank Specialist, GSURR, World Bank Risk Management Consultant, World Bank Carmen is the first Practice In his current role, Mr. Karp is Manager for the Partnerships responsible for developing and Vibhu holds a master’s degree and Resource Mobilization supporting implementation in urban regional planning unit, created within GSURR of various components of the and public policy. She has in 2015. Carmen leads a practice's knowledge, learning, worked with the World Bank global team whose task and innovation work, including since 2012, first on urban is to develop for GSURR South-South knowledge development projects in the new external financial and exchange, Communities of New Delhi office and now on knowledge partnerships— Practice, and knowledge DRM and infrastructure public- such as the TDLC—while networks and partnerships, private partnerships (PPPs) aligning these relationships along with associated training in the Tokyo office. Before with the corporate, regional, and capacity building for joining the Bank, she worked and country strategies of the World Bank staff and clients. with PricewaterhouseCoopers World Bank Group. She has He has more than 20 years Ltd. and Deloitte Touche been working with the Bank of experience in the fields Tohmatsu. Much of her work since 1997. Earlier, she was of knowledge, learning, has been on infrastructure the Manager for the Global and advisory services, with sector projects, including Partnership on Output-Based emphasis on practitioner-to- solid waste management and Aid (GPOBA), where she practitioner and South-South transport, with a focus on designed the strategy for this knowledge exchange. Mr. project design, PPP transaction program’s transformation from Karp holds graduate degrees advisory, and implementation a grant-providing, trust-funded in economics and public support. Currently, she partnership into a Center of policy from the University of works on integrated Expertise. Prior to joining California–Berkeley. flood risk management, the Bank, Carmen worked in hydrometeorology, geohazard project finance in Nittetsu risks, and other related aspects Shoji, the trading company of of DRM. She also works on PPP Nippon Steel, in both Japan in infrastructure and resilient and the United States. infrastructure PPPs in Tokyo. Annex 3. Speakers and Collaborators ̶ 49 Haruka Imoto Barbara Minguez Garcia Rohit Jigyasu Knowledge Management Analyst, Cultural Heritage and DRM President of ICOMOS India and TDLC, World Bank Consultant, GSURR, World Bank ICORP, Professor, R-DMUCH, Ritsumeikan University As a knowledge management Barbara holds an international analyst, Haruka leads Technical doctorate in classical Rohit Jigyasu is a conservation Deep Dive modalities and archaeology from University architect and risk management implementation. After Rovira i Virgili of Tarragona; professional from India, currently working as UNESCO receiving dual master’s her thesis work was carried Chair professor at the Institute degrees in public policy out in Rome (with an Italian for Disaster Mitigation of Urban and administration from the government research grant), Cultural Heritage at Ritsumeikan London School of Economics where she also collaborated University, Kyoto, Japan; as and Political Sciences and with the Ancient Topography Senior Advisor at the Indian L’Institut d’Etudes Politiques Department of the University Institute for Human Settlements de Paris, Haruka worked of Rome La Sapienza. She (IIHS); and as Trustee of the together with cities in Europe, participated in the UNESCO Indian Historic Cities Network Japan, and Asia to promote Chair Programme on Foundation (IHCN-F). He has sustainable urban policy Cultural Heritage and Risk been the elected President of ICOMOS India since 2014 and project implementation. Management, International and ICOMOS International She worked closely with Training Course (ITC) on Scientific Committee on Risk European municipalities and Disaster Risk Management Preparedness (ICORP) since the European Commission in of Cultural Heritage, and 2010. Rohit has served as the sustainable transportation she is conducting research the Elected Member of the sector. She then joined in this area. Before joining Executive Committee of ICOMOS the Institute for Global the World Bank in 2013, she since 2011. After undertaking Environmental Strategies worked at the Cultural Offices his post-graduate degree in as a policy researcher on of the Embassy of Spain in architectural conservation low carbon and resilient Washington, DC, and the from the School of Planning and Architecture in New Delhi, cities. She was also active Spanish consulate in New York, Rohit obtained his doctoral in communicating local NY. She has collaborated with degree from the Norwegian municipalities’ climate actions the U.S. National Parks Service University of Science and in the international arena, on different projects, including Technology, Trondheim, Norway. including UNFCCC/COP. the Spanish Colonial Missions He is on the editorial board of the Southwest Travel of Journal of Cultural Heritage Itinerary. Management and Sustainable Development and Disaster Prevention and Management and has contributed to several international publications. 50 ̶ Annex 3. Speakers and Collaborators Dowon Kim Takeyuki Okubo Noriyoshi Tsuruoka Associate Professor, R-DMUCH, Director of R-DMUCH, Ritsumeikan Deputy Director of Construction Ritsumeikan University University Department, Cultural Properties Division, Department of Guidance, Dowon is an associate Takeyuki is a professor at the Kyoto Prefectural Board of professor at the Institute of Graduate School and College Education Disaster Mitigation for Urban of Science and Engineering, Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan Ritsumeikan University, and A constructional engineer University (R-DMUCH), Kyoto. the director of the Institute of by training, Noriyoshi He is a national committee Disaster Mitigation for Urban has conducted research, member of JP-ICOMOS and an Cultural Heritage (http://www. conservation, and disaster expert member of ICOMOS- rits-dmuch.jp/en/index.html). prevention activities for ICORP. Recently, his research He is also a member of ICORP national treasures, important has focused on community and JP-ICOMOS, an officer cultural properties, and involvement in DRM in of the nonprofit Protection other historical buildings Japanese traditional districts of Cultural Heritage from and sites. He has provided and the core zone of the World Disaster, and the chairman engineering guidance for Heritage Site of Patan, Nepal; of its Technical Committee. disaster prevention and and on disaster mitigation His background in civil seismic countermeasures for measures to relax restriction engineering, architecture, important cultural properties of building controls in heritage and global environmental and buildings. He was actively districts. He received his engineering informs his current involved in the reconstruction doctoral degree in March 2014 research interests in urban efforts following the Great with a thesis on "Conservation design for disaster mitigation Hanshin Awaji Earthquake of the Honganji Water and architectural design and in the reconstruction of Pipelines in Kyoto Planning to promote the utilization cultural properties in Jakarta, of Fire Fighting Water Supply of traditional knowledge Indonesia. System Utilizing Historical and wooden materials. His Water Service." recent work, undertaken in partnership with colleagues Professor Rohit Jigyasu and Professor Kenzo Toki, is the UNESCO Chair International Training Course on disaster risk management for cultural heritage and historic cities, which has been held every year since 2006. Annex 3. Speakers and Collaborators ̶ 51 Yoshifumi Satofuka Joseph Runzo-Inada Giovanni Boccardi Professor, R-DMUCH, Ritsumeikan Chief Resilience Officer, Office of Chief, Emergency Preparedness University Strategic Planning and Resilience, and Response Unit, Culture Sector, Toyama City UNESCO Yoshifumi is affiliated with the Research Organization Dr. Joseph Runzo-Inada is the In his current role, Mr. of Science and Technology/ Rockefeller Chief Resilience Boccardi is responsible for Frontier Research Center for Officer for Toyama, Japan. coordinating and supporting Natural Disaster Mitigation, Previously he was the Mayor’s actions to assist UNESCO Ritsumeikan University, and Senior Policy Adviser, the Member States in preparing also teaches at the College first American to serve as a and responding to crises of Science and Engineering/ senior policy adviser for a related to conflicts or natural Department of Civil major Japanese city. In his disasters. He graduated from Engineering. He holds a PhD Vice Mayor–level role as CRO, the University of Rome (Italy) in Engineering and worked he is head of Toyama’s Office with a degree in architecture as a Research Associate with of Strategic Planning and and obtained a master’s degree Disaster Prevention Research Resilience and oversees the in built environment from the Institute Kyoto University in 30-year resilience plan for the University College of London the past. city. Educated at the University (UK). He has worked for of California–Irvine, University UNESCO in different positions of Michigan, and Harvard since 1994, both in the field University, he is the author of (Uzbekistan and Jordan) and at 10 books and is a documentary headquarters, where he acted filmmaker. He has lectured as Chief of Regional Unit at the in over 27 countries on five World Heritage Centre (first continents, is the recipient of for Arab States, then for Asia seven awards from the U.S. and the Pacific) between 2001 National Endowment for the and 2011, and as Focal Point Humanities, and was elected for Sustainable Development, a Life Member of Cambridge Disaster Risk Reduction and University’s Clare Hall College. Capacity Building, until 2014. 52 ̶ Annex 3. Speakers and Collaborators Tamaki Goto Kimiko Mekata Hiroyuki Fujita Director, Nijo Castle Office, Culture Assistant Manager, Fire Prevention Chief Resilience Officer, Kyoto and Citizens Affairs Bureau, Kyoto Division, Fire Prevention City Department, Kyoto City Fire Mr. Hiroyuki Fujita is the Department Chief Resilience Officer for Tamaki Goto has worked on Kyoto, Japan since April, 2017. conservation and repair of Kimiko Mekata has worked for After graduated from Kyoto cultural heritage sites and the Kyoto City Fire Department University, he started to work facilities as an engineer for since 1993 and has held for Kyoto City Office in 1979. 40 years. He has been in her current position since After his 30-year career in his current position since April 2017. She is in charge education administration, he 2009 and is in charge of the of operations for fire and became a Director General of conservation and repair of Nijo disaster prevention for cultural Ukyo Ward, which is the largest Castle. heritage. administrative ward in Kyoto city with the popular tourist areas such as Saga Arashi-Yama and 4 World Heritages, and he served as a liaison between city government and city residents, demonstrating great leadership skills from 2010 to 2013. Also, during his tenure of deputy mayor from April, 2013 to March, 2017, he made a great commitment to city’s governance and prosperity in taking in charge of disaster prevention, crisis management, local community vitalization, public health and welfare, education, culture, sports, water supply and sewage, and international relations. Now, as CRO, he is working hard to develop Resilience Strategy that would be suitable for Kyoto – a city with rich historic, cultural and artistic resources. Annex 3. Speakers and Collaborators ̶ 53 Ariana Luquin Sanchez Ahmed Abdelrahman Eiweida Sheila Jagannathan Program and Public Relation, Lead Urban Specialist, East Asia and Lead & Program Manager, Open UNWTO Regional Support Office for Pacific Urban & DRM, World Bank Learning Campus, World Bank Asia and Pacific Ahmed has 27 years of Sheila has worked for more In her current role, Ariana professional experience, 17 than 28 years in private and works to support and promote of them with the World Bank. public sector organizations the tourism practices of 28 He joined the Bank in 2000 designing and managing UNWTO member states in the as a Young Professional; distance learning programs Asia Pacific region; some of worked in 15 countries; and and knowledge products her work includes sustainable managed and led preparation in the United States, East tourism research, publication of several innovative urban, Asia, China, the Middle East editing, and conference water, and urban transport and North Africa, and more planning. Prior to relocating operations, including urban recently in Africa and South to Japan, she worked for a policy reform strategies/ Asia. Her experience is at the destination management notes, reimbursable advisory intersection of technology organization in Santa Barbara, services, and trust funds. and learning. Prior to joining California, where she handled Ahmed holds a PhD in the World Bank in 2011, she member relations and a urban development (human worked in the private sector in tourism awareness program geography) and an MSc in the United States, providing for residents and hospitality environmental management advisory services on distance frontline staff. She received from the University of learning and knowledge a master’s degree in tourism Glasgow, UK. Before assuming management for key clients administration from the George his current position, he such as the Department of Washington University, with a was the Program Leader of Defense, Boeing, and CitiBank. focus on sustainable tourism Sustainable Development in In India, she led the work on development. Her previous the South Caucasus Region e-learning targeted toward experience includes over 10 (Georgia, Armenia, and public sector organizations years of customer and visitor Azerbaijan), based in the at Computer Maintenance service as well as career Tbilisi Country Office. Corporation, which was later guidance for college students. merged with the TATA group. She has a master’s degree, and certificates of advanced graduate study in educational media and technology from Boston University. 54 ̶ Annex 3. Speakers and Collaborators Yuko Okazawa Bich Hanh Duong Dorine Dubois Operations Officer, TDLC, World Chief of Culture Unit, UNESCO Coordinator, Culture and Bank Bangkok Development, Executive Office, Culture Sector, UNESCO After receiving a master’s Ms. Hanh is an anthropologist degree in civil engineering at with extensive knowledge and Ms. Dubois is responsible for the University of Tokyo, Yuko experience in Southeast Asia the coordination of the UNESCO Culture and Development initiatives launched her career as an urban and international development. and for cooperation with the planning consultant at ALMEC She has a strong commitment United Nations, international Corporation, based in Vietnam, to gender equality, cultural organizations, and external before joining the Bank. Some diversity, and human rights, partners by the Executive Office of major projects she undertook and has been involved in the Assistant Director-General for include urban development social research and program Culture of UNESCO. Specializing master plan projects, technical management in the areas of in international and European law and political studies (College of assistance in nurturing heritage preservation and Europe, Belgium), Ms. Dubois began collaboration in the urban community development since her career in 2000 at UNESCO, development stream between 1994. In 2009, Ms. Hanh joined External Relations Sector; worked cities in Japan and developing UNESCO to manage the Culture at the European Commission, countries, formulation of urban program in the Hanoi office. Directorate General for Justice and planning and management In May 2016 she moved to Home Affairs; and joined UNESCO again in 2003 as a Liaison Officer manuals for training courses UNESCO's Bangkok office to lead in the Office of the Deputy Assistant targeted at planning authorities the Culture unit there, covering Director-General for External in client countries, and the Mekong cluster countries Relations. She then worked for six transport planning projects. and coordinating a number of years as the Executive Officer of the She recently earned her second regional projects in Southeast Bureau of the Budget, where she master’s degree, in planning, Asia and Asia Pacific, and working coordinated the negotiations for a growth, and regeneration, to promote the ratification and harmonized budgetary policy within the UN. In 2010, Ms. Dubois joined at the Department of Land implementation of UNESCO’s the Executive Office of the Assistant Economy, University of six cultural Conventions. Ms. Director-General for Culture. She Cambridge. Hanh is especially interested in has led the team in charge of the promoting the role of culture and UNESCO Global Report on Culture cultural heritage, both tangible for Sustainable Urban Development. and intangible, in sustainable In addition, from 2015 to 2017, development, and in ensuring Ms. Dubois has been the Special Assistant of H. E. Mr. Simataa, that local communities both President of the General Conference participate in and benefit from of UNESCO, and notably advises the protection of their own him on the framework of UNESCO’s heritage. current governance reform. Annex 3. Speakers and Collaborators ̶ 55 Keiichi Kobayashi Toshiyuki Yamazoe Kumiko Shimotsuma Chief, Office of Strategic Planning Senior Advisor for International Dr. of Engineering, Senior and Resilience, Toyama City Business Relations, Toyama City Specialist for Cultural Properties, Historic Urban Conservation Unit, Keiichi Kobayashi joined the Mr. Yamazoe is a member of Architecture Division, Cultural Toyama City office in 2005, the Office of Strategic Planning Properties Department, Agency for and has been assigned to Child and Resilience, which oversees Cultural Affairs, Government of Japan Welfare, Commerce & Labor, Toyama’s engagement in the Planning & Coordination. He Rockefeller Foundation 100 Kumiko completed her doctorate currently works at the Office Resilient Cities Program. at Tokyo University in the of Strategic Planning and Before coming to Toyama, Mr. field of urban planning. Since Resilience. He is engaged Yamazoe had a distinguished 1994, she has worked for the in developing a resilience career with the prominent Japanese Agency for Cultural strategy and managing a Japanese firm Mitsui & Co., Ltd. Affairs as a professional staff tourism working group for the Serving in various directorship member, and has been engaged strategy. and managerial positions in built heritage conservation, in the areas of ICT, health particularly promotion of insurance, technology, and conservation in use and risk electronics as well as at the preparedness. In her career at Mitsui Global Strategic Studies ACA, she was seconded to the Institute, he has worked in UNESCO World Heritage Centre, more than 50 countries around UNESCO Bangkok, and ICCROM. the world and spent 12 years in She acted as a chief Japanese the New York offices of Mitsui translator of “Risk Preparedness: & Co. (USA), Inc. A Management Manual for World Cultural Heritage,” published by ICCROM, UNESCO, and ICOMOS. She also acted as chief of the Japanese project team for organizing the International Expert Meeting on Cultural Heritage and Disaster Resilient Communities within the Framework of the Third WCDRR, which was held by UNESCO, ICCROM, ACA, and the National Institute for Cultural Heritage in Tokyo and Sendai in March 2015. 56 ̶ Annex 3. Speakers and Collaborators Annex 4. List of Participants Albania James (Jay) P. Newman Zamira Rami Marius Qytyku DRM Specialist, DRM Hub, Tokyo, Mayor, Municipality of Gjirokaster Specialist of Cultural Heritage and GFDRR, World Bank Arts, Department of Culture and Zamira Rami was born in Tourism, Municipality of Berat Jay leads the Hub’s Knowledge Gjirokaster on August 11, Program, as well as its 1973. She has degrees in I have studied cultural heritage engagements on urban mathematics and finance from management and English resilience. Since joining the the University “Eqrem Cabej” language and culture. Currently World Bank in 2013, he has of Gjirokaster in Albania. I work in the municipality worked at GFDRR, serving as From 1998 to 2013 she was a of Berat with a focus on the focal point for urban resilience professor in the Department of protection and promotion and regional portfolios in Informatics at the University of cultural heritage, dealing South Asia and East Asia of Gjirokaster. From 2013 to specifically with disaster Pacific. He contributed to 2015, she was Prefect in the preparedness in cultural the development of the City Institution of the Prefecture heritage, documentation, and Strength Diagnostic, and has of Gjirokaster. Since 2015, restoration of cultural heritage supported World Bank projects she has held the position of and community development. and technical assistance in Mayor in the Municipality of India, Nepal, South Africa, Gjirokaster in Albania. and Vietnam. Prior to joining GFDRR, he worked for the City of Baltimore, contributing to the city’s 10-Year Financial Plan and CitiStat performance management program, and also serving as acting deputy procurement agent. He holds a master’s degree in applied economics and public policy jointly from Georgetown University and Universidad Alberto Hurtado in Santiago, Chile. Annex 4. List of Participants ̶ 57 Bhutan Dmitry Sivaev Jigme Choden Sonam Tenzin Urban Development Specialist, Civil (Conservation) Engineer, Project Coordinator, Department of GSURR, World Bank Department of Culture, Division of Culture, Division of Conservation of Conservation of Heritage Sites Heritage Sites Dmitry works in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region. He is also Jigme Choden is a civil Sonam Tenzin works in the a core member of the team behind engineer and has worked in Division for Conservation of the World Bank flagship report the Division of Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Competitive Cities for Jobs and Growth and the author of three Heritage Sites, a government Culture, Ministry of Home and related background papers. Dmitry agency in Bhutan, since Cultural Affairs. Currently he has lead World Bank teams in January 2014. She served works as Project Coordinator studies of city competitiveness in as the focal person when for all the conservation and new Georgia and the Philippines and the division organized an dzong construction projects has consulted in cities in Kenya, international workshop executed by the division in South Africa, and Malaysia on (“Resolving Structural various districts. issues of economic policy. He is the author of a diagnostic methodology Issues Related to Traditional for city competitiveness that is Bhutanese Buildings, widely used by World Bank teams. Especially Dzongs”) and Currently Dmitry also works on published its proceeding. tourism development in Georgia She is currently working on and regional development in disaster-resilient structural Poland and Russia. Prior to joining the World Bank, Dmitry was a design of Wangduephodrang researcher at Centre for Cities, Dzong (fortress), which a London-based think tank that incorporates modern focuses on promoting economic interventions while growth in UK cities. There he maintaining the architectural focused on spatial analysis of and structural integrity of economic activity, issues of traditional construction innovation, and small and medium enterprise development in cities. techniques and materials. He also previously worked for the She enjoys a good hike and Institute for Urban Economics in has a master of engineering Moscow. degree in civil engineering and Dmitry holds an MSc in urban architecture from University of economic development from Southampton, UK. University College London and a specialist degree in economics and finance from the Higher School of Economics, Moscow. 58 ̶ Annex 4. List of Participants China Dechen Tshering Zhifeng Fu Ting Wang Disaster Risk Management Vice Mayor, Jingzhou Municipal Chief Planner, Jingzhou Municipal Specialist, GSURR, World Bank Government Urban & Rural Planning Bureau Dechen Tshering works as a Mr. Zhifeng Fu has been the Vice Mr. Ting Wang has been the Mayor of Jingzhou Municipal Disaster Risk Management Chief Planner of the Jingzhou Government in Hubei Province of Specialist in the Bhutan China since April 2016. He is mainly Municipal Urban-Rural Country Office. She worked responsible for leading work on Planning Bureau in Hubei on conservation of heritage environmental protection, housing Province of China since 2012. sites before joining the World and urban-rural development, land He is mainly responsible resources management, urban- Bank. She holds a master’s rural planning, urban governance, for leading the preparation degree in analysis of historical housing fund management, civil air and management of various monuments. defense, and seismologic work of legal urban-rural plans and Jingzhou Municipality. He is also the plans of villages and towns, Director of the Project Management Office for the World Bank–financed conducting poverty relief work, project in Jingzhou (Hubei Jingzhou and organizing the review of Historic Town Conservation Project), legal plans. Prior to his present which is currently at an early stage assignment, he worked in of implementation. Prior to his present assignment, from 2004 Shenzhen Municipal Urban to 2016, Mr. Zhifeng Fu worked in Planning & Land Resources Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei Commission, Guangdong Province, for the Wuhan Municipal Province of China, doing urban Government. Before that, he worked planning and design work. for the Jiang'an District of Wuhan as the Deputy District Chief (from He holds a doctoral degree 2011 to 2014), and he also worked in urban planning and design at the Wuhan Metro Group Co., Ltd. from Huazhong University of (2007 to 2011). From 2004 to 2007, Science and Technology. he worked for Wuhan Municipal Housing & Urban-Rural Development Commission as the Deputy Director of the Quality Supervision Station for Urban Infrastructure Works. Prior to becoming a civil servant, Mr. Zhifeng Fu worked at China University of Geosciences as a college teacher. He holds a doctoral degree in engineering from China University of Geosciences, where he completed his undergraduate study, graduate study, and doctoral study successively from 1996 to 2004. Annex 4. List of Participants ̶ 59 Myanmar Guangming Yan Kyaw Khaing Hnin Ei Win Senior Urban Specialist, GSURR, Lecturer, Department of Section Head Engineer, Engineering World Bank Archaeology and National Museum, Department (Building), Yangon City Ministry of Religious Affairs and Development Committee Guangming Yan is a senior Culture urban development specialist Ms. Hnin Ei Win has worked for in the World Bank’s Social, Mr. Kyaw Khaing completed about 14 years in government Urban, Rural, and Resilience an MSc degree from Yangon service as a civil engineer and University with a specialization since 2003 has worked under Global Practice. His areas in geology. Since then, he has of specialization include the Yangon City Development served as a valued lecturer in sustainable urbanization, the Department of Archaeology Committee (YCDC). Recently, infrastructure investment, and National Museum, with a she has taken the role of cultural heritage conservation particular focus on scientific construction project manager and sustainable tourism topics and prehistoric and for projects under YCDC. She development, agglomeration historical archaeology. is also coordinating with economies, municipal In addition to teaching, he serves the World Bank team for finance, spatial planning, and as a member of the exploration component 3 of the World Bank brownfield redevelopment. He and archaeological excavation Myanmar SEA DRM Project as a has managed a series of urban team under the instruction of sub–working group leader. She development and cultural the Department of Archaeology obtained her MSc (construction heritage conservation projects and National Museum. He also management) at Yangon in China, including Zhejiang works on the Cultural Heritage Technological University Urban Environment Project, Management Staff writing for the and her BE (civil) at Yangon Cultural Heritage Management Technological University. Guizhou Cultural and Natural plan of heritage sites. In the effort Heritage Protection Project, to nominate three Pyu cities (as Hubei Jingzhou Historic Town World Heritage Sites in Myanmar) Conservation Project, and for disaster risk management, he Shandong Confucius and was a member of the DRM team. Mencius Cultural Heritage He attended many workshops on Conservation and Development disaster risk management and Project. worked on the risk management plan of three Pyu cities. He is currently working on the cultural management and disaster risk management plan of Bagan because his department is preparing to nominate the ancient city of Bagan for inclusion as a World Heritage Site. 60 ̶ Annex 4. List of Participants Nepal Khin Aye Yee Bishnu Lamichhane Damodar Gautam Operations Officer, GSURR, World Section Officer, National Chief Archaeological Officer, Bank Reconstruction Authority Department of Archaeology, Government of Nepal Khin Aye Yee is Operations Work Experience Officer at World Bank Myanmar Employment • Section officer in National working with the Social, Urban, • Regional Museum, Pokhara Reconstruction Authority Rural, and Resilience Global (Chief), May 1997 to October from February 4, 2016, to Practice. Previously, she 2001 date worked as Operations Analyst for the Country Management • Section officer in Ministry • National Art Museum, Unit and Social Protection and of Urban Development from Bhaktapur (Acting Chief), Labor Global Practice. Before January 16, 2012, to February November 2001 to October joining the World Bank, she 3, 2014 2002 worked as a Child Protection • Section officer in Ministry • Regional Museum, Dhankuta Officer at UNICEF for more of Finance from February 4, (Chief), December 2003 to than 10 years and contributed 2014, to February 3, 2016 December 2005 to child law review and child protection policy development Academic Qualifications: MA, • National Art Museum, in Myanmar. She holds a LLB Bhaktapur (Chief), January graduate degree from Yangon 2006 to January 2008 University in international • Gorkha Museum, Gorkha, relations and a master’s degree Nepal (Chief), February 2008 from Chulalongkorn University, to March 2010 Thailand, in Southeast Asian • Chief Archaeological Officer, studies. Department of Archaeology, Ramshah Path, Kathmandu, Nepal, from April 7, 2010, to date Academic Qualifications: Master’s degree in Nepalese history, culture, and archaeology from Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, 1994 Annex 4. List of Participants ̶ 61 The Philippines Avani Dixit Guiller Asido Anthony Rafols Damalerio DRM Specialist, GSURR, World Bank Chief Operating Officer, Office of Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction Avani Dixit currently works as the Chief Operating Officer, Tourism and Management Office, Office Disaster Risk Management Specialist Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone of the Governor, Provincial at the World Bank Nepal. He has Authority Government of Bohol varied experience over the past 10 years working at multinational Guiller Asido is a lawyer by Anthony Rafols Damalerio organizations, both at headquarters profession and has been has been the Provincial and country level, on disaster risk a public servant for more Disaster and Risk Reduction reduction and climate change than 20 years. He has been Management Officer since April adaptation. Currently he has a key role in coordination, partnership involved in several tourism 5, 2016. Before assuming his management, project management, infrastructure projects over current job, he was Executive and resource mobilization for the the last three years, and has Assistant IV (from June Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Project (EHRP), a US$200 million served in various capacities in 1, 2015, to April 4, 2016) loan project with the government of the Tourism Infrastructure and and Executive Assistant III Nepal. Mainly he provides technical, Enterprise Zone Authority. He (from June 1, 2010, to May policy, and strategic advice to the holds the following degrees: 30, 2015); from 2010 to the National Reconstruction Authority and government ministries and bachelor of arts, bachelor of present, he served in the departments on recovery and laws, and master of laws (cum Office of the Governor and reconstruction, and identifies laude) from the University of Head–Constituency Services strategic areas of support and Santo Tomas. Section (CSS) as Officer-in- intervention for technical assistance. Prior to joining the World Bank, he Charge Local Government worked for the United Nations in Affairs (LGA). He was also Nepal (for five years) and Geneva Provincial Disaster and Risk (for three years). His duties included Reduction Management Officer providing technical and policy advice on disaster and climate (Designate) during 2010–2013. risk management to government He holds a master’s degree ministries and departments; formulating multi-year, multi- in public administration from million-dollar projects with in- the University of the Visayas depth understanding of disaster Graduate School (May 2014, risk reduction and climate change Cebu City) and a bachelor of impacts; establishing baselines, indicators, targets, and milestones science in biology from Velez and preparing project work plans College (F. Ramos Street, Cebu and budgets; managing program City, 1998). implementation; supervising project staffs and consultants; preparing timely project reports and managing audits; and providing technical inputs and financial oversight. 62 ̶ Annex 4. List of Participants Saudi Arabia Lesley Jeanne Yu Cordero Adnan Abdullah Al Jaber Hazem Mohamed Kamaleldin Senior DRM Specialist, GSURR, General Manager, National Urban Abdelfattah World Bank Heritage Center, Saudi Commission Urban Development Specialist, for Tourism and National Heritage GSURR, World Bank Lesley Y. Cordero is currently a Senior Disaster Risk Management Adnan Abdullah Al Jaber is Hazem Abdelfattah is an Urban Specialist at the World Bank Office responsible for the protection Development Specialist at in the Philippines. She has also and documentation of heritage the Middle East and North been involved in DRM projects in Myanmar and Fiji. A public sites in Saudi Arabia at the Africa (MENA) Unit within servant for five years, Lesley Saudi Commission for Tourism the Social, Urban, Rural, and served as an Undersecretary at and National Heritage. He Resilience Global Practice of the Office of the President of has 20 years of experience. the World Bank. He is stationed the Republic of the Philippines. He holds a bachelor’s degree at the Bank's regional office She was an Undersecretary at and a master’s degree in city in Riyadh. With 16 years of the Office of the Presidential and regional planning, and a experience in the MENA region Assistant for Rehabilitation and Recovery, mandated to integrate PhD in mapping and GIS. He is and beyond, he has worked the reconstruction efforts of interested in adaptation/reuse on several countries: Arab government for Typhoon Haiyan of heritage cultural sites, GIS Republic of Egypt, Republic (Yolanda). She also put together applications, VR, and tourism of Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) development. Libya, Lebanon, Tunisia, Rehabilitation and Recovery Kuwait, Bahrain, and China. Plan for the affected areas in Mindanao. She coordinated His main areas of expertise post-conflict projects through the include urban planning Sajahatra Bangsamoro initiative, and management, land and a program that provided basic housing, local/community health, education, and livelihood development, climate change services in the conflict areas in and risk reduction, and Mindanao. Lesley also served as Undersecretary at the Presidential sustainable tourism and Communications Operations cultural heritage. Office, tasked to prepare strategic communications plans and policies for the Office of the President. In 2001, she graduated magna cum laude with a bachelor of philosophy degree from University of San Carlos; in 2005, she received her juris doctor of laws degree from the Ateneo de Manila University School of Law. Annex 4. List of Participants ̶ 63 Tanzania Mohammed Badruddin Mussa Mussa Awesu Bakar Gyongshim An Head of Heritage and Landscape, Conservation Engineer, Senior Urban Specialist, GSURR, Urban and Rural Planning, Implementation and Control World Bank Commission of Lands, Zanzibar Department, Stone Town Gyongshim An joined the World Conservation and Development I am Mohammed Badruddin Authority Bank's Africa Urban and DRM Mussa, a planner in the Unit in August 2015 as Senior Department of Urban and Rural I hold a bachelor’s degree in Urban Specialist, and is based in Planning–Commission of Lands civil engineering and work Washington, DC. Gyongshim has in Zanzibar, working as Head with Stone Town Conservation worked on urban sector issues of the Heritage and Landscape and Development Authority for over 14 years in various unit. Before assuming this as a Conservation Engineer. public and private organizations. position, I worked at Stone Having 12 years of experience, At the Asian Development Bank Town Conservation and I am attached to some big (ADB), she worked as senior projects in our site, such as urban development specialist for Development Authority (a construction of a seawall and over seven years (from 2006 to guardian of the World Heritage Mizingani Road, installation 2013) and led urban and water Site) for more than 20 years of CCTV cameras, installation sector lending and nonlending (1992–2012) as Head of the operations in South and East Conservation and Planning of fiber wire, and construction Asian countries, such as India, section. During that period of fish landing and market Nepal, Sri Lanka, and China. She (2010), I attended a course facilities at Malindi, a project identified, developed, designed, on Conservation of Built that is supported by the formulated, and implemented Heritage given by ICCROM in Japanese government. loans and technical assistance Rome, Italy. As Head of the projects for urban planning, Heritage and Landscape unit, I water, wastewater, solid waste, am responsible for all culture urban transport, and urban and heritage promotion and lake and river rehabilitation. planning in all Local Area Prior to joining ADB, she Plans and the Master Plan of was with Veolia, where she Zanzibar City. worked on developing and negotiating public-private partnership projects for water infrastructure. After her term at ADB, she rejoined Veolia as Senior Vice President to design and restructure its municipal markets strategy and business in developing countries 64 ̶ Annex 4. List of Participants Uzbekistan Utkirjon Shokirjonovich Manjusha Rai Kholbadalov Urban Specialist, GSURR, World Chief Specialist, Information and Bank Analytical Department for Tourism Manjusha Rai is currently Development, State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for supporting the urban team in Tourism Development Uzbekistan as Urban Specialist based out of Tashkent. She Mr. Utkirjon Kholbadalov has more than 15 years of is a Chief Specialist of the experience in development Information and Analytical issues, including integrated Department for Tourism urban development, urban Development at the State resilience, disaster risk Committee of the Republic reduction, cultural heritage, of Uzbekistan for Tourism and community planning. Development. He is She started working for the responsible for developing World Bank in 2013. Before tourism development programs that, she worked for the Asian at national and regional level, Disaster Preparedness Centre, monitoring the development UN-HABITAT, Asian Coalition programs and analyzing their for Housing Rights, and the efficiency, identifying the most Royal Government of Bhutan. important problematic issues She is an urban planner and in tourism development, and a trained architect with a constructing recommendations degree from Indian Institute and proposals geared toward of Technology (IIT), India, and resolving them. Mr. Utkirjon has a postgraduate degree Kholbadalov graduated with in international housing and honors and received his BSc in social change from the London economics from Termez State School of Economics and University. He did his master’s Political Science, UK. study at OYA Graduate School of Business at University Utara Malaysia and received a master of science in international accounting. Annex 4. List of Participants ̶ 65 Contact World Bank Disaster Risk Management Hub, Tokyo Tokyo Development Learning Center (TDLC) Phone: +81-(0)3-3597-1320 Phone: +81-(0)3-3597-1333 Email: drmhubtokyo@worldbank.org Email: jointokyo@worldbank.org Website: http://www.worldbank.org/drmhubtokyo Website: http://www.jointokyo.org The World Bank Disaster Risk Management Hub, Tokyo supports developing countries to mainstream DRM in national development planning and investment programs. As part of the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery and in coordination with the World Bank Tokyo Office, the DRM Hub provides technical assistance grants and connects Japanese and global DRM expertise and solutions with World Bank teams and government officials. Over 37 countries have benefited from the Hub’s technical assistance, knowledge, and capacity building activities. The DRM Hub was established in 2014 through the Japan-World Bank Program for Mainstreaming DRM in Developing Countries – a partnership between Japan’s Ministry of Finance and the World Bank.