Solar Resource Mapping in the Maldives SITE MAINTENANCE REPORTS FEBRUARY 2017 This report was prepared by Solargis, under contract to The World Bank. It is one of several outputs from the solar Resource Mapping and Geospatial Planning Maldives [Project ID: P146018]. This activity is funded and supported by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), a multi-donor trust fund administered by The World Bank, under a global initiative on Renewable Energy Resource Mapping. Further details on the initiative can be obtained from the ESMAP website. This document is an interim output from the above-mentioned project, and the content is the sole responsibility of the consultant authors. Users are strongly advised to exercise caution when utilizing the information and data contained, as this may include preliminary data and/or findings, and the document has not been subject to full peer review. Final outputs from this project will be marked as such, and any improved or validated solar resource data will be incorporated into the Global Solar Atlas. Copyright © 2017 THE WORLD BANK Washington DC 20433 Telephone: +1-202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org The World Bank, comprising the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA), is the commissioning agent and copyright holder for this publication. However, this work is a product of the consultants listed, and not of World Bank staff. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for non-commercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: +1-202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Furthermore, the ESMAP Program Manager would appreciate receiving a copy of the publication that uses this publication for its source sent in care of the address above, or to esmap@worldbank.org. Contents: 1. Site Maintenance Report: Gan 2. Site Maintenance Report: Hanimaadhoo 3. Site Maintenance Report: Kadhdhoo 4. Site Maintenance Report: Maldives/Male Annual Maintenance Report – MALDIVES at GAN IINTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ESMAP Maldives – Maintenance visit after 12- months station operation Suntrace Technical Documentation 7 February 2017 Responsible Authors: Jana Müller Marko Schwandt Dr. Richard Meyer Authors Contact Information: Suntrace GmbH Grosse Elbstrasse 145c 22767 Hamburg, Germany T: +49 40 767 9638-0 E: meteo@suntrace.de W: http://www.suntrace.de HRB Hamburg: 110819 VAT: DE266610323 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION The mission started on 21st November 2016 with the travel of Marko Schwandt to Malé (Maldives) from Almería (Spain). The mission has been finalized on 30th November 2016 with the return journey to Almería. Renewable Energy Maldives (REM) provided the local technical assistance. A first detailed inspection and maintenance visit was performed by the local partner Renewable Energy Maldives 6 month after the installation. The principal task was the annual maintenance visit of the four meteorological measurement stations from Type TIER 2 at the selected sites (airports Malé, Hanimaadhoo, Kadhdhoo and Gan). A part of the annual maintenance visit is a field verification of the two solar radiation instruments (1xRSP and 1xpyranometer) via a one day long cross check with the instruments from the spare station to proof that theirs sensitivities (calibration constants) remained stable within the instrument specifications. The TIER2 stations, which had been installed in December 2015, are equipped with a RSP 4G (a rotating shadowband irradiometer (RSI) based on a fast response photodiode sensor), one SR20-T1 pyranometer for redundant GHI measurement, one thermohygro-sensor, one barometric pressure sensor, one anemometer at 3 m height and a data logger. This report summaries the tasks and results of the maintenance visit of the meteorological measurement installed in Gan, in the following named as MVGAN, which took place from 25th to 26th November 2016. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 2 SECTION 2: DESCRIPTION OF STATION Recorded meteorological parameters: § Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) in W/m2 § Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) in W/m2 § Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI) in W/m2 § Ambient Temperature in °C § Relative Humidity in % § Wind Speed (3m) in m/s § Barometric Pressure in hPa Figure 2-1: Design of installed TIER 2 station Installation details: Location: Maldives – Gan International Airport Site ID: MVGAN Station ID: 1121 Longitude/Latitude 73.1500/0.6906 Date of commencement: 13 December 2015 List of installed measurement instruments: Instrument Manufacturer Model No. Serial No. 1 RSI Reichert GmbH RSP 4G 14-03 2 Pyranometer Hukseflux SR20-T1 4384 3 Anemometer Thies Clima First Class 10159376 4 Thermohygro Driesen und DKRF 400 K04497 Kern 5 Data logger Wilmers GmbH blueberry 1121 6 PV Panel Solara S-series 60W 888675 ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 3 Figure 2-2: Location of the MVGAN station Figure 2-3:Location of station in Maldives ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 4 SECTION 3: STATION INSPECTION The station maintenance was carried out according to Suntrace comprehensive Station Maintenance Visit Check List enclosed in ANNEX A. The following list describes the main tasks and findings: • The meteorological measurement station at the time of the maintenance was in flawless condition. All measurement instruments including the PV-panel, solar battery and the charge controller worked properly. The tripod including wind mast was standing upright and oriented correct. • During the station visit the RSP sensor head and the pyranometer were found to be clean. • At the day of the station visit the RSP instrument and the pyranometer were sufficiently levelled in a horizontal position within specifications of ±0.6° (see Figure 3-1). The RSP instrument is facing to geographical North ± 3° as required on the Northern hemisphere. • Checking the Control Sheets for Cleaning and Inspection of the meteorological measurement station confirms that the station and all sensors were maintained properly during the whole operation period. • Figure 3-1: Photo showing the correct levelling of the RSP (left) and the pyranometer (right) from the meteorological measurement station MVGAN at site visit November 26, 2016. • In order to conduct the field verification for the installed RSP-sensor and pyranometer the sensors of the spare station were installed next the meteorological measurement station (MVGAN) for one day, see Figure 3-2. • To maintain the operation of MVGAN, the spare instruments were connected to the spare station logger. They were mounted on MVGAN’s tripod and powered by it’s own back up batteries and PV-Panel, see Figure 3-3. The time of both data loggers have been synchronized to be able to perform a valid inter-comparison. For the RSP values the corresponding calibration factors and corrections have been applied. Values below 50 W/m2 have been discarded. • The conducted field verification confirms that the sensitivities and calibration constants, respectively, of the two instruments remained stable within the instrument specifications. This is true for the Secondary Standard thermopile pyranometer ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 5 following ISO 9060 0.8%/year non-stability (change per year) and for the sensor head of the RSP (LI-200) following the manufacturer <2%/year non-stability. • The results of the inter-comparison are listed in Table 3-1. When interpreting the results the individual instrument accuracy of each sensor has to be considerated in accordance with the corresponding time resolution. For the field verification instruments with the same accuracy were inter-compared for a very short period. Therefore, the deviation between them can be up to twice the sensor accuracy and even more taking the allowed non-stability into account. Theoretically, (in a limited number of cases) one sensor overestimates close to the accuracy limit, drifting to higher values and the other sensor underestimates close to the accuracy limit, drifting to lower values. For the Secondary Standard thermopile pyranometer the instrument manufacturer specifies an accuracy of ±1% (which means a range of 2%) with respect to daily sums. The long-term accuracy (which refers to at least one year) of the DNI from the RSP is given from the manufacturer with ±3%. In this case, just a few valid DNI measurements are available during a particular day with particular conditions. In comparison, the calibration period of the RSP instruments is at least 4 to 6 weeks. Therefore and especially for DNI measurements, with this field verification just unrealistic high deviations are a sign of a too high sensor drift or wrong calibration. This is not the case here. The low bias for the GHI measured with the RSP confirms that the sensitivities of the RSP sensor head (LI-200) remained stable within the specifications. Pyranometer RSP GHI GHI DNI DHI 2 Mean MVGAN [W/m ] 397 389 296 314 2 Mean reference [W/m ] 397 380 257 316 Correlation coefficient 0.98612 0.99976 0.99673 0.99193 2 Root mean square deviation [W/m ] 34 12 51 16 Relative bias 0.0% 2.3% 15.2% -0.6% Table 3-1: Results of field verification of the solar radiation instruments (pyranometer and RSP) via a one- day long cross check with the instruments from the spare station. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 6 Figure 3-2: RSP (first instrument from top) and pyranometer (first instrument from right) from the spare station mounted next to the RSP (first instrument from left) and pyranometer (first instrument from below) from the meteorological measurement station MVMLE. Figure 3-3: Meteorological measurement station MVGAN with mounted data logger, RSP, Pyranometer and PV-panel from spare station. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 7 Figure 3-4: Scatter plots of field verification of the solar radiation instruments (pyranometer and RSP) via a one day long cross check with the instruments from the spare station. Top left: GHI of pyranometer from MVGAN vs. GHI of pyranometer from spare station (reference) Top right: GHI of RSP from MVGAN vs. GHI of RSP from spare station (reference) Below left: DNI of RSP from MVGAN vs. DNI of RSP from spare station (reference) Below right: DHI of RSP from MVGAN vs. DHI of RSP from spare station (reference) ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 8 SECTION 4: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS Approved Applied test Details Comments Yes/No Ensure that the RSI sensor head is cleaned, horizontally levelled and aligned to the GEOGRAPHIC north for Northern 1 RSI Yes - Hemisphere or to the GEOGRAPHIC south for Southern Hemisphere. Check that the shadow band is moving. Check for any damage, condensation, check the glass surface for scratches/other damages, check ventilation motors (if any) are functioning properly. If any 2 pyranometer(s) Yes - condensation and/or scratches on glass is/are found, replace or repair the instrument. Check the desiccant, replace if dehydrated. Check water levels for proper levelling, if instrument (cable) is aligned to levelling/positioning of GEOGRAPHIC North (Northern 5 horizontal Hemisphere) or GEOGRAPHIC South Yes - pyranometer (Southern Hemisphere). Correct if necessary. Check if any parts are misplaced or loose. air temp.,rel.humidity 7 Check for correct installation, functionality Yes - probe and discernible external damage. 8 anemometer Yes - further sensors, Check for correct installation, functionality 10 Yes - instruments and discernible damage. Check that weather housing of all sensors 11 weather housing is proper and fixed, check the piping for Yes - visible damages. Replace if worn. 12 PV-panel Check PV-panel. Yes - Check if any parts are misplaced or loose 13 loose parts (sensors, antenna, in case: PV panel, wind Yes - mast wires, etc.). Check if the cabling of all sensors is done 14 cabling of all sensors properly and fixed. Check the sensor Yes - cables for discernible damages. Check if the battery and the PV panel are check power supply 15 correctly working and if the charge Yes - system controller charges the battery. Check if the sensors are properly sensor connections to connected to the data logger (right cables 16 Yes - data logger to the corresponding port). Compare with connection plan. Check the measurement values and correct configuration of the sensors in the data logger data logger (type, unit, slope, offset, etc.). 17 sensor/communication Yes - Correct if necessary. Update configuration communication configuration (e.g. e-mail address) if necessary. check communication It should be possible to communicate with 18 Yes - (modem) a remote server/computer properly. Check real time measurements, compare real time 19 them with observations and document Yes - measurements them. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 9 Check if the mast(s) is/are steady and well 20 tripod, wind mast fixed on the ground. Check bolts on the Yes - foundations of mast(s). Fencing is not Check the fence and door including its required- station 21 fence, door, lock Yes lock. is located in high security area 360° panorama picture from the view point 22 horizon pictures Yes - of radiation sensors should be taken. Take photos of all sensors and instruments 23 station pictures and also of the whole station. The serial Yes - numbers should be seen. 24 general view Anything unusual? Yes - Training of Station Keeper. Check the station keeper training 25 station documentation such as: analogy of Yes - and documentation serial numbers, station logbook, etc. The meteorological measurement station including the communication system was fully operational. The meteorological measurement station was in good condition and well maintained. The real-time values of solar irradiance and auxiliary parameters were monitored on-site. At the first impression the values were found to be reasonable and matched observations of the environment. The calibration of the RSP and pyranometer will outdate in November 2017. Thus, it is strongly recommend to exchange the radiation instruments against ones with new calibrations. Additionally it is recommended to recalibrate the presently installed sensors to check for possible drifts of the sensor sensitivities. In case a significant drift will be observed a re-correction of the measurements could be applied. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 10 ANNEX A: STATION MAINTENANCE VISIT CHECK LIST ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 11 ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 12 press cleaning RSI I pyranometer pyranometor2 pyranometer 3 I pyrheliometer 1 I reference cell 1 press cleaning button comments name I signature Site ID station autu e Ion itude OE comm ono on 00 task num 4. s. 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 11. - 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION check at each station visit every 2 each station check each week s • visit station visit check for any visible damages, loose cables etc. E 10 M 12 r - c,4zckec/"z Q/ onw-pZ 02/0/6 MO zo:oo -em-z Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrument not installed insert task done or — task not done 2 of 13 site I station I atitude on tu o commiss ono on 34/500 6. 9 10. 11. • 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION check at each station visit every12 eac station check each visit station visit check for any visible instau.d7 damages, or loose cables etc. o /4,'2S /2/t///6 / 07/46 Trnedzs/ /co-cmd/2Å W 76 0/7/6 09 h/HZ-e 24 z 0///6 /0.'s-s- Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrument not installed insert " task done or —task notdone 30f13 site station atitude on itudo comm ono numt•r 5. 6. 8. 9 10. VISUAL INSPECTION check at each station visit every12 each station check each visit station visit task check for any visible this •ensor installed? damages, loose cables o o/ /o ros 0/7/6 094' 156 e//ez// Removed s/ A/5azc/ 70 : a.' t5ZSs Car/ Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrument not installed insert " task done or — task not done 4 of 13 on tu e CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION at each station visit c eac check for any visible damages, etc. / 69/6 Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrument not installed insert task done or — task not done 5 of 13 tat atttu n tu CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION station check each station visit check for any visible damages, loose cables etc. 14/0 6 0/ 53 6 466 Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrumentnot installed insert 'i task done or —task not done 6 of 13 し多0 ム @UOP ↓ ・ ou 」 0 @UOP 1-4 SKEMle splay eruq e ↓ eーd 山00 / 一第 . vest-I! P@IIEJSU! ↓ 圜 ou Wet-un-OSUI 」 人 ↓ 0 d 山 ② SPIeg Kue ou . ↓u00 一第 舅 = /ク/ マ (多 クイ0/ / 舅一 ノエ・ 「 ツイレ 0 -イ0多-こ /工 グッ 0 ム- 一 00 ョ ま 目ロ 囲回 コ 5c 、 ま 1 ・ 5= 一・ を) イ を 言 3 ・ 〔 ・ を 一 = 1 0 4つ・・イつ“4 つ N0ー工つヨdSNJ IvnsiA NV ヨ ON ー 1つ リ0 Pfljt 、 0 を一 tjlu e CLEANING VISUAL INSPECOON cheo •t e•ch station visit oc Station cbeck eac check for any visible damages. loose cables Chec m ee.'cS v- W//6/3ü5 v- Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with. 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CLEANING VISUAL frequ check at each INSPECTION visit each station check each visit stationvisit check for any visible damages, loose cables etc. //oq/Æ 70/07///' .07 13/01//6 1 meas- ISO /6 // -tes ,47R0 07 zoa s te station atitude N on itu e comm ssono on task numbe 1. 5. 6. 7. a. 9 10. 11. - 9. CLEANING VISUAL task INSPECTION nunnnät— freque check at each stationvisit each station check each stationvisit check for any visible 2 damages, installed? loose cables 2 /2:oo za--l NA-z.n-l t'V-.1 98/0 / 247 6 'VA z-.æz,7 03 b Annual Maintenance Report – MALDIVES at HANIMAADHOO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ESMAP Maldives – Maintenance visit after 12- months station operation Suntrace Technical Documentation 7 February 2017 Responsible Authors: Jana Müller Marko Schwandt Dr. Richard Meyer Authors Contact Information: Suntrace GmbH Grosse Elbstrasse 145c 22767 Hamburg, Germany T: +49 40 767 9638-0 E: meteo@suntrace.de W: http://www.suntrace.de HRB Hamburg: 110819 VAT: DE266610323 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION The mission started on 21st November 2016 with the travel of Marko Schwandt to Malé (Maldives) from Almería (Spain). The mission has been finalized on 30th November 2016 with the return journey to Almería. Renewable Energy Maldives (REM) provides the local technical assistance. A first detailed inspection and maintenance visit was performed by the local partner Renewable Energy Maldives 6 month after the installation. The principal task was the annual maintenance visit of the four meteorological measurement stations from Type TIER 2 at the slected sites (airports Malé, Hanimaadhoo, Kadhdhoo and Gan). A part of the annual maintenance visit is a field verification of the two solar radiation instruments (1xRSP and 1xpyranometer) via a one day long cross check with the instruments from the spare station to proof that their sensitivities (calibration constants) remained stable within the instrument specifications. The TIER2 stations installed in December 2015, are equipped with a RSP 4G, a rotating shadowband irradiometer (RSI) based on a fast response photodiode sensor, one SR20-T1 pyranometer for redundant GHI measurement, one thermohygro-sensor, one barometric pressure sensor, one anemometer at 3 m height and a data logger. This report summaries the tasks and results of the maintenance visit of the meteorological measurement installed in Hanimaadhoo, in the following named as MVHAQ, which took place from 23rd to 24th November 2016. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 2 SECTION 2: DESCRIPTION OF STATION Recorded meteorological parameters: § Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) in W/m2 § Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) in W/m2 § Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI) in W/m2 § Ambient Temperature in °C § Relative Humidity in % § Wind Speed (3m) in m/s § Barometric Pressure in hPa Figure 2-1: Design of installed TIER 2 station Installation details: Location: Maldives - Hanimaadhoo International Airport Site ID: MVHAQ Station ID: 1124 Longitude/Latitude 73.169610°E / 6.748233°N Date of commencement: 10 December 2015 List of installed measurement instruments: Instrument Manufacturer Model No. Serial No. 1 RSI Reichert GmbH RSP 4G 14-11 2 Pyranometer Hukseflux SR20-T1 4385 3 Anemometer Thies Clima First Class 10159375 4 Thermohygro Driesen und DKRF 400 K04495 Kern 5 Data logger Wilmers GmbH blueberry 1124 6 PV Panel Solara S-series 60W 888668 ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 3 Figure 2-2: Location of the MVHAQ station Figure 2-3:Location of the station in Maldives ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 4 SECTION 3: STATION INSPECTION The station maintenance was carried out according to Suntrace comprehensive Station Maintenance Visit Check List enclosed in ANNEX A. The following list describes the main tasks and findings: • The meteorological measurement station was in flawless condition. All measurement instruments including the PV-panel, solar battery and the charge controller worked properly. The tripod including wind mast was standing upright and oriented correct. • During the station visit the RSP sensor head and the pyranometer were found to be clean. • At the day of the station visit the RSP instrument and the pyranometer were sufficiently levelled in a horizontal position within specifications of ±0.6° (see Figure 3-1). The RSP instrument is facing to geographical North ± 3° as required on the Northern hemisphere. • Checking the Control Sheets for Cleaning and Inspection of the meteorological measurement station confirms that the station and all sensors were maintained properly during the whole operation period. • Figure 3-1: Photo showing the correct levelling of the RSP (left) and the pyranometer (right) from the meteorological measurement station MVHAQ at site visit November 24, 2016. • In order to conduct the field verification for the installed RSP-sensor and pyranometer the sensors of the spare station were installed next the meteorological measurement station (MVHAQ) for one day, see Figure 3-2. • To maintain the operation of MVHAQ, the spare instruments were connected to the spare station logger. They were mounted on MVHAQ’s tripod and powered by it’s own back up batteries and PV-Panel, see Figure 3-3. The time of both data loggers have been synchronized to be able to perform a valid inter-comparison. For the RSP values the corresponding calibration factors and corrections have been applied. Values below 50 W/m2 have been discarded. • The conducted field verification confirms that the sensitivities and calibration constants, respectively, of the two instruments remained stable within the instrument ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 5 specifications. This is true for the Secondary Standard thermopile pyranometer following ISO 9060 0.8%/year non-stability (change per year) and for the sensor head of the RSP (LI-200) following the manufacturers recommendation of <2%/year non- stability. • The results of the inter-comparison are listed in Table 3-1. When interpreting the results the individual instrument accuracy of each sensor has to be considerated in accordance with the corresponding time resolution. For the field verification instruments with the same accuracy were inter-compared for a very short period. Therefore, the deviation between them can be up to twice the sensor accuracy and even more taking the allowed non-stability into account. Theoretically, (in a limit number of cases) one sensor overestimates close to the accuracy limit, drifting to higher values and the other sensor underestimates close to the accuracy limit, drifting to lower values. For the Secondary Standard thermopile pyranometer the instrument manufacturer specifies an accuracy of ±1% (which means a range of 2%) with respect to daily sums. The long-term accuracy (which refers to at least one year) of the DNI from the RSP is is recommended by the manufacturer with a range of ±3%. In this case just a few valid DNI measurements are available during a particular day with particular conditions. In comparison, the calibration period of the RSP instruments is at least 4 to 6 weeks. Therefore and especially for DNI measurements, with this field verification just unrealistic high deviations are a sign of a too high sensor drift or wrong calibration. This is not the case here. The low bias for the GHI measured with the RSP confirms that the sensitivities of the RSP sensor head (LI- 200) remained stable within the specifications. Pyranometer RSP GHI GHI DNI DHI 2 Mean MVHAQ [W/m ] 362 359 157 343 2 Mean reference [W/m ] 365 350 137 339 Correlation coefficient 0.99989 0.99988 0.98402 0.99953 2 Root mean square deviation [W/m ] 3 10 27 6 Relative bias -0.7% 2.6% 14.8% 1.2% Table 3-1: results of field verification of the solar radiation instruments (pyranometer and RSP) via a one- day long cross check with the instruments from the spare station. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 6 Figure 3-2: RSP (first instrument from left) and pyranometer (second instrument from right) from the spare station mounted next to the RSP (second instrument from left) and pyranometer (first instrument from right) from the meteorological measurement station MVHAQ. Figure 3-3: Meteorological measurement station MVHAQ with mounted data logger, RSP, Pyranometer and PV-panel from spare station. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 7 Figure 3-4: Scatter plots of field verification of the solar radiation instruments (pyranometer and RSP) via a one day long cross check with the instruments from the spare station. Top left: GHI of pyranometer from MVHAQ vs. GHI of pyranometer from spare station (reference) Top right: GHI of RSP from MVHAQ vs. GHI of RSP from spare station (reference) Below left: DNI of RSP from MVHAQ vs. DNI of RSP from spare station (reference) Below right: DHI of RSP from MVHAQ vs. DHI of RSP from spare station (reference) ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 8 SECTION 4: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS Approved Applied test Details Comments Yes/No Ensure that the RSI sensor head is cleaned, horizontally levelled and aligned to the GEOGRAPHIC north for Northern 1 RSI Yes - Hemisphere or to the GEOGRAPHIC south for Southern Hemisphere. Check that the shadow band is moving. Check for any damage, condensation, check the glass surface for scratches/other damages, check ventilation motors (if any) are functioning properly. If any 2 pyranometer(s) Yes - condensation and/or scratches on glass is/are found, replace or repair the instrument. Check the desiccant, replace if dehydrated. Check water levels for proper levelling, if instrument (cable) is aligned to levelling/positioning of GEOGRAPHIC North (Northern 5 horizontal Hemisphere) or GEOGRAPHIC South Yes - pyranometer (Southern Hemisphere). Correct if necessary. Check if any parts are misplaced or loose. air temp.,rel.humidity 7 Check for correct installation, functionality Yes - probe and discernible external damage. 8 anemometer Yes - further sensors, Check for correct installation, functionality 10 Yes - instruments and discernible damage. Check that weather housing of all sensors 11 weather housing is proper and fixed, check the piping for Yes - visible damages. Replace if worn. 12 PV-panel Check PV-panel. Yes - Check if any parts are misplaced or loose 13 loose parts (sensors, antenna, in case: PV panel, wind Yes - mast wires, etc.). Check if the cabling of all sensors is done 14 cabling of all sensors properly and fixed. Check the sensor Yes - cables for discernible damages. Check if the battery and the PV panel are check power supply 15 correctly working and if the charge Yes - system controller charges the battery. Check if the sensors are properly sensor connections to connected to the data logger (right cables 16 Yes - data logger to the corresponding port). Compare with connection plan. Check the measurement values and correct configuration of the sensors in the data logger data logger (type, unit, slope, offset, etc.). 17 sensor/communication Yes - Correct if necessary. Update configuration communication configuration (e.g. e-mail address) if necessary. check communication It should be possible to communicate with 18 Yes - (modem) a remote server/computer properly. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 9 Check real time measurements, compare real time 19 them with observations and document Yes - measurements them. Check if the mast(s) is/are steady and well 20 tripod, wind mast fixed on the ground. Check bolts on the Yes - foundations of mast(s). Fencing is not Check the fence and door including its required- station 21 fence, door, lock Yes lock. is located in high security area 360° panorama picture from the view point 22 horizon pictures Yes - of radiation sensors should be taken. Take photos of all sensors and instruments 23 station pictures and also of the whole station. The serial Yes - numbers should be seen. 24 general view Anything unusual? Yes - Training of Station Keeper. Check the station keeper training 25 station documentation such as: analogy of Yes - and documentation serial numbers, station logbook, etc. The meteorological measurement station including the communication system was fully operational. The meteorological measurement station was in good condition and well maintained. The real-time values of solar irradiance and auxiliary parameters were monitored on-site. At the first impression the values were found to be reasonable and matched observations of the environment. The calibration of the RSP and pyranometer will outdate in November 2017. Thus, it is strongly recommend to exchange the radiation instruments against ones with new calibrations. Additionally it is recommended to recalibrate the presently installed sensors to check for possible drifts of the sensor sensitivities. In case a significant drift will be observed a re-correction of the measurements could be applied. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 10 ANNEX A: STATION MAINTENANCE VISIT CHECK LIST ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 11 ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 12 latitude Ion itude commissioned on site ID station ID .16 6 10. 11. - 19. task number VISUAL CLEANING INSPECTION every12 each station check each frequency check at each visit weeks* visit stationvisit check for any visible damages, s this sensor installed? loose cables etc. runn /30s- 402-/ '200 IS-B-i / -/2-/ - /345 20 Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrument not installed insert task done or — task not done 1 of 13 site ID station ID latitude Ion itude commissioned on number 1. 10. 11. - 19. VISUAL CLEANING INSPECTION every12 each station check each frequency check at each sution visit weeks* visit stationvisit check for any visible damages, this loose cables etc. 31- 0/-01 13.'30 Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrument not installed insert task done or — task not done 2 of 13 1 pyranometer 0 pyranometer 2 pyranometer 3 pyrheliometer 1 ref. cell 2 - Clean m in intervals! press cleaning name I signature site ID station ID latitude on Rude commissione on Osk 10. 11. 19. VISUAL CLEANING INSPECTION every12 each station check each check at each station visit weeks• visit station visit check for any visible damages, loose cables etc. 12'5-o 72 s— 2 12105 Don't leave any fields empty Complete blue fields always with: task done or — task not done 4 of 13 If no comments or instrument not installed insert Site ID station ID atitu Ion itude comm ssjone on task number 1. 10. 11. - 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequency check at each station visit every12 each station chock each visit station visit task check for any visible this•ensor In damages, loose cables etc. 04- •-02 7—02-1' - 02- '5 2,2-/é i ?-æ-/é / 2 -sq ; Complete blue fields always with: Don't leave any fields empty. task done or —task not done If no comments or instrument not installed insert site ID station ID latitude Ion itude commissioned on task number 10. 11. - 19. CLEANING VISUAL frequency INSPECTION check at each station visit every12 each station weeks* check each visit station visit task check for any Is this sensor installed? In visible damages, loose cables etc. -02 6 12 .'SO 23 -ozo 24 028 25-020 /ros site ID station ID latitude Ion itude commissione on task number 1. 10. 11. - 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequency every12 each station check each check at each station visit weeks' visit station visit usk check for any visible Is this sensor installed? in damages, loose cables etc. 12 5-23/8 06 —03- z g: 30 c •s oc - 03—4 2. s- 72W /3-e3— '2.'52 12 /s--gj- /ZS3 Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with If no comments or instrument not installed insert task done or —task not done station ID latitude Ion itude commiss oned on site ID 11. - 19. usk numbe VISUAL CLEANING INSPECTION every12 each station check each frequency check at each sution visit weeks' visit station visit task check for any visible damages, this sensor installed? I loose cables etc. /2.'SS 29 - 23- / 2-6-93-/ 22-03 -a æ:S2 - 03-7 30 -/ Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with. If no comments or instrument not installed insert task done or — task not done 8 of 13 station atitu e on comm ss one on Site 4. 6. 8. 1 ll.-I task n VISUAL CLEANING INSPECTION every 12 each station check each frequen check at each station visit weeks' visit station visit check for any visible damages, this sensor installed? loose cables o 3-0 0 '3:03 9_ Complete blue fields always with 9 of 13 Don't leave any fields empty. / task done or —task not done s If no comments or instrumentnot installed insert Site D station I latitude Ion itude commissioned on 11. - 19. task number VISUAL CLEANING INSPECTION every12 each station check each frequenc check at each station visit weeks* visit station visit task check for any visible damages, this sensor installed? loose cables /s-u-æ /2.'53 Don't leave any fields empty Complete blue fields always with. If no comments or instrument not installed insert task done or — task not done 10 of 13 site ID station ID latitude Ion itude commissione on bsk number 10. 11. - 19. VISUAL CLEANING INSPECTION every12 each station check each frequency check at each sution visit weeks* visit station visit usk check for any visible damages, Is this sensor installed? loose cables etc. 12 •s-3 (Z:sc 02- Os—-as-- tg•43 16 as-a--/ Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrument not installed insert task done or —task not done of 13 press cleaning button pyranometer 1 pyranometer 2 pyranometer3 pyrheliometer 1 reference cell 1 ref. cell 2 - Clean in intervals! press cleaning button 0 m t-o e touca e site ID station ID latitude Ion itude OE commissioned on task number 10. 11. - 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequency check at each visit every12 each station check each weeks* visit station visit check for any visible Is this sensor insulJed7 damages, loose cables etc. 13 .'Oß Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrument not installed insert task done or — task not done 13 of 13 site ID station latitude Ion itude O E commissioned on numbe 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 11. - 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequenc check at each station visit every12 each station check each weeks' visit station visit task check for any Is thic sensor installed? visible damages, e loose cables Local etc. Date time E E 16 — :I ast Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrument not installed insert task done or — task not done 13 of 13 s te stat on latitude Ion itude commissione on task numbe 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 9 10. 11. - 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequenc check at each station visit everyi 2 each station check each weeks• visit station visit task check for any visible Is thie in•talied? damages, e loose cables etc. E o 23 -o' : se3 Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with. If no comments or instrument not installed insert task done or — task not done 13 of 13 station atitu e on tudo comm go ono on • 19. VISUAL CLEANING INSPECTION 12 each station check each check at each station visit visit station visit check for any visible damages, loose cables etc. 4-43 10—07 : 52 /ZS7 zz- 9-76 æ:cr Complete blue fields always with: 13 of 13 Don't leave any fields empty. v" task done or — task not done If no comments or instrumentnot installed insert on tu commiss one on Sta on 9 o. 5. VISUAL numbe CLEANING INSPECTION every12 each station check each check at each station visit visit station visit check for any visible damages, loose cables • ttu. etc. /4-07-' - 47-1 Complete blue fields always with: 13 of 13 Don't leave any fields empty. insert ' task done or — task not done If no comments or instrument not installed s te stat on I atitude Ion itu e comm ss one on task numbe 10. 11. -19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION check at each station visit every12 each station check each visit station visit check for any visible Is thie een•or installed? In damages, loose cables etc. /2p-s 08 6 Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrument not installed insert ' task done or — task not done 13 of 13 site ID station ID latitude ON Ion itude commissioned on task numbe 10. 11.-19 CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION check at each station visit every12 each station check each visit station visit task > check for any visible IS this consor installed? Inse damages, loose cables etc. -06-4 12'.sg -os-JC 12'ß4 /3.•os 12 -8- / Z,' 53 Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrument not installed insert ' -z task done or — task not done 13 of 13 press cleaning pyranometer 1 pyranometer 2 pyranometer 3 pyrheliometer 1 reference cell 1 press cleaning button PW-panel ö0m name I signature site ID station ID latitude Ion itude OE commissioned on task number 1. 10. 11. - 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequency check at each station visit every12 each station check each weeks* visit station visit task > check for any visible damages, this sensor installed? loose cables etc. /2',S-Z /zss— 12 'S 1 site I stat on ID latitude Ion itude commiss oned on usk numbe 1. 10. 11. - 19 CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequency check at each station visit every12 each station check each weeks' visit station visit task check for any visible damages, Is this sensor installed? I loose cables etc. /2-.ef 6 2!Cz z 47 -29—6 'z: Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrumentnot installed insert I' task done or -— task not done 13 of 13 s tel station latitude Ion itude comm one on task numbe 10. 11. - 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequenc every12 each station check each check at each station visit weeks' visit station visit task check for any visible damages, Is this sensor installed? Inse loose cables etc. t2!S2 0/-0-14 Z •'3 02—ZA ;5 c3-/o-/6 /2-.•s-s- 73. 'OR Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with- If no comments or instrument not installed insert " task done or —task not done 13 of 13 station ID latitude Ion itude commiss one on usk number 10. 11. - 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequency check at each station visit every12 each station check each weeks' visit station visit task check for any visible Is thie sensor installed? Inse damages, loose cables etc. /z,'sz (2:so site ID station ID latitude Ion itude OE commissioned on task number 10. 11. - 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequency check at each station visit every12 each station check each weeks* visit stationvisit task check for any visible Is this sensor installed? Inse damages, loose cables etc. / -Zed 7-16—16 20-10-1 12 2. /XS3 press cleaning button RSI pyranometer 1 pyranometer 2 pyranometer 3 I pyrheliometer reference cell I press cleaning button pv-panel comments name I signature sta on I latitude Ion itude commissione on task numbe i. 10. 11. • 19. CLEANING VISUAL frequenc INSPECTION Check at each station visit every 12 each station check each visit station visit > check for any visible ••nsorinst•ned? inse damages, loose cables etc. / -L/ /Ü,s-z z- -Z 72 Don't leave any fields empty Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrumentnot Installed insert task done or — task not done 130f13 s te Sta on latitude Ion itude commissioned on task numbe 1. 10. 11. • 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequenc check at each station visit 12 each station check each week.- visit stationvisit > check for any visible sensor instaned? in damages, loose cables etc. Local Ome 23 Annual Maintenance Report – MALDIVES at KADHDHOO AIRPORT ESMAP Maldives – Maintenance visit after 12- months station operation Suntrace Technical Documentation 7 February 2017 Responsible Authors: Jana Müller Marko Schwandt Dr. Richard Meyer Authors Contact Information: Suntrace GmbH Grosse Elbstrasse 145c 22767 Hamburg, Germany T: +49 40 767 9638-0 E: meteo@suntrace.de W: http://www.suntrace.de HRB Hamburg: 110819 VAT: DE266610323 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION The mission started on 21st November 2016 with the travel of Marko Schwandt to Malé (Maldives) from Almería (Spain). The mission has been finalized on 30th November 2016 with the return to Almería. Renewable Energy Maldives (REM) provides the local technical assistance. A first detailed inspection and maintenance visit was performed by the local partner Renewable Energy Maldives 6 month after the installation. The principal task was the annual maintenance visit of the four meteorological measurement stations from Type TIER 2 at the selected sites (airports Malé, Hanimaadhoo, Kadhdhoo and Gan). A part of the annual maintenance visit is a field verification of the two solar radiation instruments (1xRSP and 1xpyranometer) via a one day long cross check with the instruments from the spare station to proof that their sensitivities (calibration constants) remained stable within the instrument specifications. The TIER2 stations installed in December 2015, are equipped with a RSP 4G, a rotating shadowband irradiometer (RSI) based on a fast response photodiode sensor, one SR20-T1 pyranometer for redundant GHI measurement, one thermohygro-sensor, one barometric pressure sensor, one anemometer at 3 m height and a data logger. This report summaries the tasks and results of the maintenance visit of the meteorological measurement installed in Kadhdhoo, in the following named as MVKDO, which took place from 27th to 28th November 2016. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 2 SECTION 2: DESCRIPTION OF STATION Recorded meteorological parameters: § Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) in W/m2 § Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) in W/m2 § Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI) in W/m2 § Ambient Temperature in °C § Relative Humidity in % § Wind Speed (3m) in m/s § Barometric Pressure in hPa Figure 2-1: Design of installed TIER 2 station Installation details: Location: Maldives - Kadhdhoo Airport Site ID: MVKDO Station ID: 1122 Longitude/Latitude 73.5203/1.8599 Date of commencement: 14 December 2015 List of installed measurement instruments: Instrument Manufacturer Model No. Serial No. 1 RSI Reichert GmbH RSP 4G 14-07 2 Pyranometer Hukseflux SR20-T1 4383 3 Anemometer Thies Clima First Class 10159377 4 Thermohygro Driesen und DKRF 400 K04498 Kern 5 Data logger Wilmers GmbH blueberry 1122 6 PV Panel Solara S-series 60W 888707 ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 3 Figure 2-2: Location of the MVKDO station Figure 2-3: Location of station in Maldives ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 4 The station maintenance was carried out according to Suntrace comprehensive Station Maintenance Visit Check List enclosed in ANNEX A. The following list describes the main tasks and findings: • The meteorological measurement station was in flawless condition. All measurement instruments including the PV-panel, solar battery and the charge controller worked properly. The tripod including wind mast was standing upright and oriented correct. • During the station visit the RSP sensor head and the pyranometer were found to be clean. • At the day of the station visit the RSP instrument and the pyranometer were sufficiently levelled in a horizontal position within specifications of ±0.6° (see • • Figure 2-2). The RSP instrument is facing to geographical North ± 3° as required on the Northern hemisphere. • Checking the Control Sheets for Cleaning and Inspection of the meteorological measurement station confirms that the station and all sensors were maintained properly during the whole operation period. Figure 2-2: Photo showing the correct levelling of the RSP (left) and the pyranometer (right) from the meteorological measurement station MVKDO at site visit November 27, 2016. • In order to conduct the field verification for the installed RSP-sensor and pyranometer the sensors of the spare station were installed next the meteorological measurement station (MVKDO) for one day, see Figure 2-3. • To maintain the operation of MVKDO, the spare instruments were connected to the spare station logger. They were mounted on MVKDO’s tripod and powered by it’s own back up batteries and PV-Panel, see Figure 3-3. The time of both data loggers ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 5 have been synchronized to be able to perform a valid inter-comparison. For the RSP values the corresponding calibration factors and corrections have been applied. Values below 50 W/m2 have been discarded. • The conducted field verification confirms that the sensitivities and calibration constants, respectively, of the two instruments remained stable within the instrument specifications. This is true for the Secondary Standard thermopile pyranometer following the ISO 9060 defined 0.8%/year non-stability (change per year) and for the sensor head of the RSP (LI-200) following the manufacturerrecommendation of <2%/year non-stability. • The results of the inter-comparison are listed in Table 2-1. When interpreting the results the individual instrument accuracy of each sensor has to be considerated in accordance with the corresponding time resolution. For the field verification instruments with the same accuracy were inter-compared for a very short period. Therefore, the deviation between them can be up to twice the sensor accuracy and even more taking the allowed non-stability into account. Theoretically, (in a limit number of cases) one sensor overestimates close to the accuracy limit, drifting to higher values and the other sensor underestimates close to the accuracy limit, drifting to lower values. For the Secondary Standard thermopile pyranometer the instrument manufacturer specifies an accuracy of ±1% (which means a range of 2%) with respect to daily sums. The long-term accuracy (which refers to at least one year) of the DNI from the RSP is given from the manufacturer with ±3%. In this case just a view valid DNI measurements are available during a particular day with particular conditions. In comparison, the calibration period of the RSP instruments is at least 4 to 6 weeks. Therefore and especially for DNI measurements, for this field verification just unrealistic high deviations are a sign of a too high sensor drift or wrong calibration. This is not the case here. The low bias for the GHI measured with the RSP confirms that the sensitivities of the RSP sensor head (LI-200) remained stable within the specifications. Pyranometer RSP GHI GHI DNI DHI 2 Mean MVKDO [W/m ] 523 514 639 166 2 Mean reference [W/m ] 528 510 605 169 Correlation coefficient 0.99879 0.99865 0.99452 0.99909 2 Root mean square deviation [W/m ] 15 16 43 5 Relative bias -0.8% 0.8% 5.7% -2.0% Table 2-1: results of field verification of the solar radiation instruments (pyranometer and RSP) via a one- day long cross check with the instruments from the spare station. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 6 Figure 2-3: RSP (first instrument from left with respect to sensor head) and pyranometer (second instrument from right) from the spare station mounted next to the RSP (second instrument from left with respect to sensor head) and pyranometer (first instrument from right) from the meteorological measurement station MVKDO. Figure 2-4: Meteorological measurement station MVKDO with mounted data logger, RSP, Pyranometer and PV-panel from spare station. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 7 Figure 2-5: Scatter plots of field verification of the solar radiation instruments (pyranometer and RSP) via a one day long cross check with the instruments from the spare station. Top left: GHI of pyranometer from MVKDO vs. GHI of pyranometer from spare station (reference) Top right: GHI of RSP from MVKDO vs. GHI of RSP from spare station (reference) Below left: DNI of RSP from MVKDO vs. DNI of RSP from spare station (reference) Below right: DHI of RSP from MVKDO vs. DHI of RSP from spare station (reference) ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 8 SECTION 3: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS Approved Applied test Details Comments Yes/No Ensure that the RSI sensor head is cleaned, horizontally levelled and aligned to the GEOGRAPHIC north for Northern 1 RSI Yes - Hemisphere or to the GEOGRAPHIC south for Southern Hemisphere. Check that the shadow band is moving. Check for any damage, condensation, check the glass surface for scratches/other damages, check ventilation motors (if any) are functioning properly. If any 2 pyranometer(s) Yes - condensation and/or scratches on glass is/are found, replace or repair the instrument. Check the desiccant, replace if dehydrated. Check water levels for proper levelling, if instrument (cable) is aligned to levelling/positioning of GEOGRAPHIC North (Northern 5 horizontal Hemisphere) or GEOGRAPHIC South Yes - pyranometer (Southern Hemisphere). Correct if necessary. Check if any parts are misplaced or loose. air temp.,rel.humidity 7 Check for correct installation, functionality Yes - probe and discernible external damage. 8 anemometer Yes - further sensors, Check for correct installation, functionality 10 Yes - instruments and discernible damage. Check that weather housing of all sensors 11 weather housing is proper and fixed, check the piping for Yes - visible damages. Replace if worn. 12 PV-panel Check PV-panel. Yes - Check if any parts are misplaced or loose 13 loose parts (sensors, antenna, in case: PV panel, wind Yes - mast wires, etc.). Check if the cabling of all sensors is done 14 cabling of all sensors properly and fixed. Check the sensor Yes - cables for discernible damages. Check if the battery and the PV panel are check power supply 15 correctly working and if the charge Yes - system controller charges the battery. Check if the sensors are properly sensor connections to connected to the data logger (right cables 16 Yes - data logger to the corresponding port). Compare with connection plan. Check the measurement values and correct configuration of the sensors in the data logger data logger (type, unit, slope, offset, etc.). 17 sensor/communication Yes - Correct if necessary. Update configuration communication configuration (e.g. e-mail address) if necessary. check communication It should be possible to communicate with 18 Yes - (modem) a remote server/computer properly. Check real time measurements, compare real time 19 them with observations and document Yes - measurements them. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 9 Check if the mast(s) is/are steady and well 20 tripod, wind mast fixed on the ground. Check bolts on the Yes - foundations of mast(s). Fencing is not Check the fence and door including its required- station 21 fence, door, lock Yes lock. is located in high security area 360° panorama picture from the view point 22 horizon pictures Yes - of radiation sensors should be taken. Take photos of all sensors and instruments 23 station pictures and also of the whole station. The serial Yes - numbers should be seen. 24 general view Anything unusual? Yes - Training of Station Keeper. Check the station keeper training 25 station documentation such as: analogy of Yes - and documentation serial numbers, station logbook, etc. The meteorological measurement station including the communication system was fully operational. It was in good condition and well maintained. The real-time values of solar irradiance and auxiliary parameters were monitored on-site. At the first impression the values were found to be reasonable and matched observations of the environment. The calibration of the RSP and pyranometer will outdate in November 2017. Thus, it is strongly recommend exchanging the radiation instruments against ones with new calibrations. Additionally, it is recommended to recalibrate the presently installed sensors to check for possible drifts of the sensor sensitivities. In case a significant drift will be observed a re-correction of the measurements could be applied. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 10 ANNEX A: STATION MAINTENANCE VISIT CHECK LIST ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 11 ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 12 on s te station atitu on itu e E commissione 49 a 20 usk n 1. 4. 9 1 11.-19 2. VISUAL CLEANING INSPECTION every12 each station check each check at each station visit weeks' visit stationvisit check for any visible damages, loose cables etc. E O 12-24 20 11 Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: task done or — task not done 1 of 13 If no comments or instrument not installed insert Control Sheet foe 'eaning/lnspection of Meteorological asurement Station HelioScale site ID station ID latitude N Ion itude OE commissioned on 1122 •g-g-qq task number 10. 11. - 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequency check at each station visit every12 each station check each weeks* visit stationvisit task check for any visible damages, this sensor installed? loose cables etc. S! 11.-b O-.%ee UzzzZzÄ-C 01 b? •2-0 03-10 off site ID station ID latitude comm ssjoned on Ion itude OE task number 1. 11. - 19. 10. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequenc check at each station visit every12 each station check each weeks* visit stationvisit task check for any visible damages, Is this sensor installed? loose cables etc. e.-egy occ 03 0 9: site ID station commissione on ID latitude Ion tude .O-015 task number 11. - 19. VISUAL CLEANING INSPECTION frequency every12 each station check each check at each station visit weeks' station visit visit task check for any visible damages, loose cables etc. 57 20 0114/6 of 30 Z 3/01 0-1 '.60 Control Sheet fonreeaning/lnspccuon HclioScole of Meteorological r Station site ID station ID latitude N Ion itu e commiss oned on task number 10. 11. • 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequency check at each station visit every 12 each station check each visit station visit task > check for any visible Is Otis sensor installed? In damages, loose cables etc. oto ot20 160 ( 02/16 08', 10 Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrument not installed insert task done or —task not done 5 of 13 Site st曲on D commissonedon PC し latitudeN ー 9 新つ on面 面OE レーのク引 レ第k numbe I. 2. 3. 4. 6、 8. 9 1 CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION 00g check 20h をね朝00 it every 12 each sいon check each き week ゞ visit 3レon visit 0 一 6 ! に u 一 の 1-10 0 一 の 区 の 0 一 の ー d 」 ssud q コ check fo「any visible 2 ョ 2u6- 市面 第? In damages, / / し loose cables etc. s 、 etueu ラ / ( - 片 人 月 田 CLEANING VISUAL frequenc INSPECTION check at each station visit every 12 each station check each Weeks • visit station visit task check for any visible is this sensor installed? in damages, loose cables etc. 1657: So 0/03 / So 03 So 03 (L 09 •e 03/16 Control Sheet caning/tnspection of Meteorological ( Jsuromont Station s te ID station atitu e on tu o comm ssjono on tv1VSOo 1112- task number 4. 6. 7. 8. 9 VISUAL CLEANING INSPECTION frequency check at each station visit every 12 each station check each weeks' visit stationvisit c c task (0 check for any visible damages, Is this sensor installed? In loose cables etc. o 03 23 03 16 08-0 03 06 $1 03 Don't leave any fields empty. Complete blue fields always with: 8 of If no comments or instrument not installed insert task done or — task not done RSI pyranometer 1 0 pyranometer 2 pyranometer3 reference cell 1 press cleaning button comments name I signature Control Sheet foreaning/lnspection of Meteorological asurementStation HelioScale site ID station ID latitude Ion itude commissioned on 93 •SL03 usk number 1. 11. - 19. CLEANING VISUAL INSPECTION frequency check at each station visit every12 each station check each weeks• visit stationvisit check for any visible damages, this sensor installed? loose cables etc. Date time I € /c'i/iC 6 08 • (0 em 30 06 Complete blue fields always with: 10 of 13 Don't leave any fields empty. task done or —task not done If no comments or instrumentnot installed insert press cleaning button pyranometer 1 pyranometer 2 pyranometer3 pyrheliometer1 reference cell 1 cn3 ref. cell 2 - Clean 8 in intervals! press cleaning nunnnnnnn•— button comments oameu6łs 1 owe uounq Bułueało ssa•d ueoło - Z 1100 V 1100 uopuJ0!łeu.1Ăd Z Jąoułoue"d uounq Oułueeło ssaad O enouanununn He110Scate Control Sheet fog 'eaningllnspection of Meteorological( asurement Station Site D station I on itu e comm ss on on atitude m I •€s etfi usk numbe 2. 3. 4. 6. 7. 8. 9 11. - 19. 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Complete blue fields always with: If no comments or instrument not installed insert task done or — task not done Annual Maintenance Report – MALDIVES at MALE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ESMAP Maldives – Maintenance visit after 12- months station operation Suntrace Technical Documentation 7 February 2017 Responsible Authors: Jana Müller Marko Schwandt Dr. Richard Meyer Authors Contact Information: Suntrace GmbH Grosse Elbstrasse 145c 22767 Hamburg, Germany T: +49 40 767 9638-0 E: meteo@suntrace.de W: http://www.suntrace.de HRB Hamburg: 110819 VAT: DE266610323 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION The mission started on 21st November 2016 with the travel of Marko Schwandt to Malé (Maldives) from Almería (Spain). The mission has been finalized on 30th November 2016 with the return to Almería. Renewable Energy Maldives (REM) provided the local technical assistance. A first detailed inspection and maintenance visit was performed by the local partner Renewable Energy Maldives 6 month after the installation. The principal task was the annual maintenance visit of the four meteorological measurement stations from Type TIER 2 at the sites (airports Malé, Hanimaadhoo, Kadhdhoo and Gan). A task of the annual maintenance visit is a field verification of the two solar radiation instruments (1xRSP and 1xpyranometer) via a one day long cross check with the instruments from the spare station to proof that theirs sensitivities (calibration constants) remained stable within the instrument specifications. The TIER2 stations, which had been installed in December 2015, are equipped with a RSP 4G, a rotating shadowband irradiometer (RSI) based on a fast response photodiode sensor, one SR20-T1 pyranometer for redundant GHI measurement, one thermohygro-sensor, one barometric pressure sensor, one anemometer at 3 m height and a data logger. This report summaries the tasks and results of the maintenance visit of the meteorological measurement installed in Malé, in the following named as MVMLE, which took place from 22nd to 23rd November 2016. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 2 SECTION 2: DESCRIPTION OF STATION Recorded meteorological parameters: § Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) in W/m2 § Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) in W/m2 § Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI) in W/m2 § Ambient Temperature in °C § Relative Humidity in % § Wind Speed (3m) in m/s § Barometric Pressure in hPa Figure 2-1: Design of installed TIER 2 station Installation details: Location: Maldives – Male Internatioanl Airport Site ID: MVMLE Station ID: 1125 Longitude/Latitude 73.528112/4.192742 Date of commencement: 08 December 2015 List of installed measurement instruments: Instrument Manufacturer Model No. Serial No. 1 RSI Reichert GmbH RSP 4G 14-08 2 Pyranometer Hukseflux SR20-T1 4381 3 Anemometer Thies Clima First Class 10159378 4 Thermohygro Driesen und DKRF 400 K04541 Kern 5 Data logger Wilmers GmbH blueberry 1125 6 PV Panel Solara S-series 60W 888709 ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 3 Figure 2-2: Location of the MVMLE station Figure 2-3: Location of station In Maldives ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 4 SECTION 3: STATION INSPECTION The station maintenance was carried out according to Suntrace comprehensive Station Maintenance Visit Check List enclosed in ANNEX A. The following list describes the main tasks and findings: • The meteorological measurement station was in flawless condition. All measurement instruments including the PV-panel, solar battery and the charge controller worked properly. The tripod including wind mast was standing upright and oriented correct. • During the station visit the RSP sensor head and the pyranometer were found to be clean. • At the day of the station visit the RSP instrument and the pyranometer were sufficiently levelled in a horizontal position within specifications of ±0.6° (see Figure 3-1). The RSP instrument is facing to geographical North ± 3° as required on the Northern hemisphere. • Checking the Control Sheets for Cleaning and Inspection of the meteorological measurement station confirms that the station and all sensors were maintained properly during the whole operation period. • It was observed that an additional meteorological measurement station have been installed in western direction in a distance of around 3 meters by MMS several weeks before the maintenance visit, see Figure 3-3. The wind mast of the station will cause direct shadowing on the radiation sensors in the evening during summer. Thus, it was recommended to MMS to change the position of this station to North or South before summer, which was confirmed by them. Figure 3-1: Photo showing the correct levelling of the RSP (left) and the pyranometer (right) from the meteorological measurement station MVMLE at site visit November 22, 2016. • In order to conduct the field verification for the installed RSP-sensor and pyranometer the sensors of the spare station were installed next the meteorological measurement station (MVMLE) for one day, see Figure 3-2. • To maintain the operation of MVMLE, the spare instruments were connected to the spare station logger. They were mounted on MVMLE’s tripod and powered by it’s own back up batteries and PV-Panel, see Figure 3-3. The time of both data loggers have been synchronized to be able to perform a valid inter-comparison. For the RSP values the corresponding calibration factors and corrections have been applied. Values below 50 W/m2 have been discarded. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 5 • The conducted field verification confirms that the sensitivities and calibration constants, respectively, of the two instruments remained stable within the instrument specifications. This is true for the Secondary Standard thermopile pyranometer following the ISO 9060 definition of 0.8%/year non-stability (change per year) and for the sensor head of the RSP (LI-200) following the recommendation of the manufacturer with <2%/year non-stability. • The results of the inter-comparison are listed in Table 3-1 . When interpreting the results the individual instrument accuracy of each sensor has to be considerated in accordance with the corresponding time resolution. For the field verification, instruments with the same accuracy were inter-compared for a very short period. Therefore, the deviation between them can be up to twice the sensor accuracy and even more taking the allowed non-stability into account. Theoretically (in a limit number of cases) one sensor overestimates close to the accuracy limit, drifting to higher values and the other sensor underestimates close to the accuracy limit, drifting to lower values. For the Secondary Standard thermopile pyranometer the instrument manufacturer specifies an accuracy of ±1% (which means a range of 2%) with respect to daily sums. The long-term accuracy (which refers to at least one year) of the DNI from the RSP is given from the manufacturer with ±3%. In this case just a few valid DNI measurements are available during a particular day with particular conditions. In comparison, the calibration period of the RSP instruments is at least 4 to 6 weeks. Therefore and especially for DNI measurements during a field verification the appearance unrealistic high deviations are a sign of a too high sensor drift or wrong calibration. This is not the case here. The low bias for the GHI measured with the RSP confirms that the sensitivities of the RSP sensor head (LI-200) remained stable within the specifications. Pyranometer RSP GHI GHI DNI DHI 2 Mean MVMLE [W/m ] 349 358 345 279 ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 6 2 Mean reference [W/m ] 357 371 330 295 Correlation coefficient 0.99729 0.99740 0.97665 0.99969 2 Root mean square deviation [W/m ] 21 25 45 19 Relative bias -2.3% -3.5% 4.5% -5.5% Table 3-1: results of field verification of the solar radiation instruments (pyranometer and RSP) via a one- day long cross check with the instruments from the spare station. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 7 Figure 3-2: RSP (second instrument from right) and pyranometer (first instrument from right) from the spare station mounted next to the RSP (first instrument from left) and pyranometer (second instrument from left) from the meteorological measurement station MVMLE. Figure 3-3: Meteorological measurement station MVMLE with mounted data logger, RSP, Pyranometer and PV-panel from spare station. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 8 Figure 3-4: Scatter plots of field verification of the solar radiation instruments (pyranometer and RSP) via a one day long cross check with the instruments from the spare station. Top left: GHI of pyranometer from MVMLE vs. GHI of pyranometer from spare station (reference) Top right: GHI of RSP from MVMLE vs. GHI of RSP from spare station (reference) Below left: DNI of RSP from MVMLE vs. DNI of RSP from spare station (reference) Below right: DHI of RSP from MVMLE vs. DHI of RSP from spare station (reference) ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 9 SECTION 4: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS Approved Applied test Details Comments Yes/No Ensure that the RSI sensor head is cleaned, horizontally levelled and aligned to the GEOGRAPHIC north for Northern 1 RSI Yes - Hemisphere or to the GEOGRAPHIC south for Southern Hemisphere. Check that the shadow band is moving. Check for any damage, condensation, check the glass surface for scratches/other damages, check ventilation motors (if any) are functioning properly. If any 2 pyranometer(s) Yes - condensation and/or scratches on glass is/are found, replace or repair the instrument. Check the desiccant, replace if dehydrated. Check water levels for proper levelling, if instrument (cable) is aligned to levelling/positioning of GEOGRAPHIC North (Northern 5 horizontal Hemisphere) or GEOGRAPHIC South Yes - pyranometer (Southern Hemisphere). Correct if necessary. Check if any parts are misplaced or loose. air temp.,rel.humidity Sensor 7 Check for correct installation, functionality Yes probe interchanged and discernible external damage. 8 anemometer Yes - further sensors, Check for correct installation, functionality 10 Yes - instruments and discernible damage. Check that weather housing of all sensors 11 weather housing is proper and fixed, check the piping for Yes - visible damages. Replace if worn. 12 PV-panel Check PV-panel. Yes - Check if any parts are misplaced or loose 13 loose parts (sensors, antenna, in case: PV panel, wind Yes - mast wires, etc.). Check if the cabling of all sensors is done 14 cabling of all sensors properly and fixed. Check the sensor Yes - cables for discernible damages. Check if the battery and the PV panel are check power supply 15 correctly working and if the charge Yes - system controller charges the battery. Check if the sensors are properly sensor connections to connected to the data logger (right cables 16 Yes - data logger to the corresponding port). Compare with connection plan. Check the measurement values and correct configuration of the sensors in the data logger data logger (type, unit, slope, offset, etc.). 17 sensor/communication Yes - Correct if necessary. Update configuration communication configuration (e.g. e-mail address) if necessary. check communication It should be possible to communicate with 18 Yes - (modem) a remote server/computer properly. Check real time measurements, compare real time 19 them with observations and document Yes - measurements them. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 10 Check if the mast(s) is/are steady and well 20 tripod, wind mast fixed on the ground. Check bolts on the Yes - foundations of mast(s). Fencing is not Check the fence and door including its required- station 21 fence, door, lock Yes lock. is located in high security area 360° panorama picture from the view point 22 horizon pictures Yes - of radiation sensors should be taken. Take photos of all sensors and instruments 23 station pictures and also of the whole station. The serial Yes - numbers should be seen. New station installed in the West in 3m distance, which will cause direct 24 general view Anything unusual? Yes shadowing on the radiation sensors in the evening during summer if not replaced. Training of Station Keeper. Check the station keeper training 25 station documentation such as: analogy of Yes - and documentation serial numbers, station logbook, etc. The meteorological measurement station including the communication system was fully operational. It was in a good condition and well maintained. The real-time values of solar irradiance and auxiliary parameters were monitored on-site. At the first impression the values were found to be reasonable and matched observations of the environment. The calibration of the RSP and pyranometer will outdate in November 2017. Thus, it is strongly recommend to exchange the radiation instruments against ones with new calibrations. Additionally it is recommended to recalibrate the presently installed sensors to check for possible drifts of the sensor sensitivities. In case a significant drift will be observed a re-correction of the measurements could be applied. It was observed that an additional meteorological measurement station have been installed western direction with a distance of around 3 meters by MMS several weeks before the maintenance visit as can be seen in Figure 3-3. The wind mast of the station will cause direct shadowing on the radiation sensors in the evening during summer. Thus, it was recommended to MMS to change the position of this station to North or South before summer, which was confirmed by them. ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 11 ANNEX A: STATION MAINTENANCE VISIT CHECK LIST ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 12 ANNUAL MAINTENENANCE REPORT - NOVEMBER 2016 13