TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY AYDIN PROVINCE, KUYUCAK DISTRICT, PAMUKÖREN TOWN, YÖRE VILLAGE 2016 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENT Sayfa No TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................... i TABLE LIST .................................................................................................................. ii FIGURE LIST................................................................................................................ ii ABBREVIATIONS .........................................................................................................iii 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Objectives and Scope Of ESIA ........................................................................... 5 2. PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION ......................................................... 9 2.1. Necessity of the Projet ..................................................................................... 13 2.2. Project Alternatives .......................................................................................... 13 2.3. Technical Properties of the Project ................................................................... 15 2.4. Project Activities ............................................................................................... 18 2.4.1. Construction Phase ...................................................................................... 18 2.4.2. Operation Phase ........................................................................................... 21 2.4.3. The Closing Phase ....................................................................................... 23 3. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN ....................................................................................... 24 3.1. Water Quality ................................................................................................... 24 3.2. Soil Quality ....................................................................................................... 25 3.3. Air Quality ........................................................................................................ 28 3.4. Noise ................................................................................................................ 29 3.5. Waste Management ......................................................................................... 30 3.6. Ecology ............................................................................................................ 31 3.7. Social and Economical Situation ...................................................................... 33 3.8. Community and Labour Health ......................................................................... 34 3.9. Cultural Heritage .............................................................................................. 35 3.10. Traffic ........................................................................................................... 35 4. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ........................................................................ 37 5. MONITORING AND REPORTING PLAN ............................................................. 38 i TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY TABLE LIST Table 1. World Bank Scanning System ......................................................................... 7 Table 2. Project Units.................................................................................................. 17 Table 3. Machinery-Equipment List That are Planned to be used at the Construction Phase (Plant Construction, Production Opening of wells, construction of Transmission Lines) Of The Project .................................................................................................. 20 Table 4. Machinery-Equipment List that is Planned to Be Used in Project Operation Phase ......................................................................................................................... 22 Table 5. Proje Sahası ve Yakın Çevresinde Bulunan/Bulunma Olasılığı Olan Flora Türleri ......................................................................................................................... 31 FIGURE LIST Figure 1. Proje Site Map ............................................................................................... 9 Figure 2. Topoghraphical Map .................................................................................... 10 Figure 3. The Production Flow Diagram of Electric Power from Geothermal Resource ................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 4. Binary Cycle System .................................................................................... 12 Figure 5. The geothermal resources in Turkey. .......................................................... 13 Şekil 6. Work Plan ...................................................................................................... 21 ii TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY ABBREVIATIONS % Percentage ˚C Centigrade Degree µg/m3 Microgram/Cubic Meter A.Ş. Corporation EU European Union EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ÇSYİP Environmental and Social Management Monitoring Plan DES Vertical Electrical Sounding EBRD European Bank For Reconstruction And Development EP Equator Principles EPFI Equator Principles Financial Institution IFC International Finance Corporation kV Kilovolt kW Kilowatt kWh Kilowatthour MWe Megawatt (electric) TEİAŞ Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation vb. etc. WHO World Health Organization iii TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION Although the geothermal energy; which is one of the alternative energy resources; doesn’t have the potential to compete against the depletable energy resources; it is a type of energy coming to the forefront with its characteristics such as non-polluting, sustainable, domestic and eco-friendly if it is provided that the renewable and compatible technologies are used. The technological and scientific studies in energy field became compulsory due to the rapid population growth both in the world and our country, industrialization, growth in the investments and increase in the life standards. Depending on the speed in the development and growth of the countries, the energy needs are increasing rapidly. At the present time the energy consumption is considered equal with the level of development. Approximately 90% of the world’s energy consumption is served through the fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas. The use of alternative energy resources became compulsory since the fossil resources are about to deplete in the near future, the production of the new reserves are quite expensive and they cause pollution by disposing carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere when they are burnt. Therefore, the studies on the utilization from the alternative energy resources against the fossil fuels are expedited in the recent years. Because it has a low CO 2 emission ratio and it doesn’t cause air pollution and is renewable, the geothermal energy is an important one of the alternative energy resources against the fossil fuels. There are two main components of the power generation operating; which is based on the geothermal energy. The first one is the operating (production and reinjection) the geothermal energy resources (reservoir) and the second one is the convert of the thermal energy into the electric power and transferring the produced energy to the national grid. From this point, TURCAS BM Kuyucak Jeotermal Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. (Investor) is planning to build a power plant; which is based on the geothermal energy and has 18 MWe installed power; within 2 adjacent numbers of licensed geothermal fields (2009/102 and 2009/147 numbered fields) at the border of Yöre Village of Pamukören Town of Kuyucak District of Aydın Province. As per Turkish Environmental legislation, the processes indicated in the Environmental Impact Assessment (Eia) Legislation; which is taken into effect after being published in the 25.11.2014 dated and 29186 numbered Official Gazette grounding on the 10th Item of the 09.08.1983 dated and 2782 numbered Environmental Law; will be applied during the execution of the determination of the positive and negative impacts of the planned projects on the environment and the assessment of the measures; which will be taken to prevent or minimize any negative impacts on the environment; during the determination and assessment of the field to be selected and the Technologies to be used and the monitoring of the implementation of the Project; Works. Accordingly, the “Kuyucak Geothermal Power Plant Project (Project)” ; which is planned to be realized at the borders of Yöre Village of Pamukören Town of Kuyucak District of Aydın Province; is a Project subjected to the EIA legislation. In this context the EIA studies are carried out for the planned Project and these studies are completed on the year of 2014. The decision on “EIA is not necessary” for the power plant with 13.2 MW e installed power in the year 2014. In the meantime it is determined that it would be more applicable to start-up the power plant with 18 MW e installed power due to the optimization studies made by the investor and the higher potential on site. TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY As a result of the investigations, the power plant with 18 MW e installed power is assessed by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Urbanization within the context of EIA Regulation and because the subject 4.8 MW e capacity increase is lower than the threshold value of 5 MW e; which is included in the Supplementary Lists of EIA Regulation (EIA Regulation, Supplementary-II List); it is reported that there is no need to execute any EIA process for the capacity increase Project. The activity; which is the subject of the capacity increase, is provided by changing the place of production wells; which have the decision on “EIA is not necessary” dated 2014. Accordingly the EAI process of the subject Project is completed within the scope of Turkish Environmental legislation. And this time the ESIA Report has been prepared through Environmetal and Social Impact Assesment (ESIA) as per the corporative standards of the Investor. Although there are not any legal obligataions within the scope of ESIA studies, the Investor has organized a “Public Elucidating and Availability Session” on the date of 29th December 2015. The datils of this subject are submitted in the subsequent sections. The Project is composed of the production and re-injection lines consisting of 1 power plant and 6 pcs of production wells and 3 pcs. of re-injection wells. The processes of converting the thermal energy; is obteained from the geothermal fluid from the production wells; into electric power in the plant, then sending the geothermal fluid; whose heat is dropped;to the depth of 2,000m of the earth’s crust by pumping back it to the re-injection wells, which means the operation of the power plant will continue for 30 years. The field preparation and construction works of the Project will be completed in 30 months period. Non Technical Summary presents summary information about the Project, ESIA progress, environmental and social impacts of the Project, protection measures and stakeholder engagement progress. 1.1. Objectives and Scope Of ESIA Objectives This ESIA Report is a document which should be prepared in accordance with international norms with respect to Investors' compony standards.The EIA process has been carried out during 2014 with respect to Turkish Environmental Legislation for the Project which is planned by the Investor and "EIA Not Required" decision has been taken. After then, since the capacity increase of 4.8 MWe is exempted from the provisions of EIA Regulation, no more EIA process has been taken. ESIA is a research study of physical, natural, cultural, social and socio-economically impacts of the project’s preparation, construction, operation and demolition phases. ESIA Report defines the Project and impacts of Project on the environmental and social conditions and informs about how the Project is designed, mitigation measures to decrease negative impacts and procedures to maximize positive impacts. 5 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY The main objectives of the ESIA are to: To determine the current social and environmental situation of the project area, Identify and assess the anticipated environmental and social impacts of the proposed projects, both positive and negative, Identify and analyse alternatives to the proposed projects, Propose mitigation measures for negative impacts and enhancement measures for positive impacts to be undertaken during construction and operation of the project, Verify compliance with international and national environmental regulations and policies, Forming the baseline conditions in order to assess and monitor the environmental and social performance of the Project, Recommend measures to be used to mitigate against the anticipated negative impacts and; Seek the views of vulnerable stakeholders The ESIA studies have been prepared in accordance with the below listed standards: EBRD (European Bank For Reconstruction And Development “Avrupa İmar ve Kalkınma Bankası”) Performance Requirements (2014), EBRD Environmental and Social Policy (May 2014), Equator Principles (July 2013), World Bank/IFC (International Finance Corporation “Uluslararası Finans Kurumu”) Performance Standards (1st January of 2012), IFC General Guidelines for Environment, Health and Safety International Environmental Conventions Applicable for Turkey ESIA Scope Local community questionnaires, socio-economic and ecologic based studies, laboratory analysis, management meetings, literature reviews, contributor participations, various field visits are carried out in the scope of the ESIA. All these activities has been conducted from November of 2015 to January 2016. The objectives of the report are to define both related environmental and social responsibilities and they are given below: To compensate the general framework of environmental standars which are required under EBDR standards, IFC/World Bank Guidelines which can be applied to the Project and national/international legislation To determine the current situation of the Project Site, To take action in order to mitigate possible negattive effects. Applicable Financial Institutions Standards Basic credit guidelines to be followed throughout the project have been determined as May 2014 dated “EBRD Environmental and Social Policy” and July 2013 dated “Equator Standards” and 2012 January dated “IFC Performance Standards”. 6 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY World Bank Projects are evaluated in three categories in the knockout stages at EIA process that is being implemented by the World Bank1 (Please refer to Table 1). Table 1. World Bank Scanning System Turkey Environmental Assessment Screening World Bank Environmental Assessment Screening Decision Decision Category A Category B Category C Appendix I - EIA X X Appendix II Required EIA Decision X X Appendix II EIA Not Required Decision X X X Out of scope X X Category A: If the predicted environmental impacts of a proposed Project are irrevocable and if has a wide scope, then the Project is assessed in Category A. EIA process is necessary for a Project; which is assessed in Category A. In the EIA Report, the necessary measures to remove or minimize the negative environmental impacts through the comparisons of the alternatives (including the case when the Project is not realized) by assessing both the positive and negative environmental impacts. Category B: If the predicted environmental impacts of a proposed Project on the natural habitat such as wetland, forest, meadow and others; which have a big importance for the population or environmental aspects; are at a lower level than a Project in Category A, then the Project is assessed in Category B. Besides the scope of the EIA report; which will be prepared for a Project in category B; can vary depending on the Project, it is prepared with a narrower scope than an EIAS Report; which will be prepared for a Project in category A. Category C: If the Project doesn’t have any environmental impacts or have some insignificant impacts, then the Project is assessed in Category C. The EIA Reports is not required to be prepared for the Projects in Category C. In this respect, the Project; which is planned to be realized; will be assessed in “Ctaegory B” within the World Banks’s standard. There will be some environmental impacts within the scope both of the construction and operating stages of the Project. These impacts will be assessed in a Figure compatible with the EBRD, Equator and IFC principles. EBRD Environmental and Social Performance Requirements (PR) PR1 – Environmental and Social Appraisal and Management PR2 – Labor and Working Conditions PR3 – Pollution Prevention and Abatement PR4 – Community Health, Safety and Security PR5 – Land Acquisition, Involuntary Resettlement and Economic Displacement PR6 – Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource Management PR7 – Indigenous Peoples 1 Operational Manual Environmental Safeguards Framework Document; November 2011,http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/10/25/000333038 _20111025010337/Rendered/INDEX/ E26820v20TURKI0for0PSREEE0Env0FW0TR.txt. 7 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY PR8 – Cultural Heritage PR9 – Financial Intermediaries PR10 – Information Disclosure and Stakeholder Engagement Since the field has no ecological and bio-diversity, it is not required to follow the following criteria: PR6: Protection of Biodiversity and sustainable Management of Living Natural Resource Since no local public is living in the field, it is not required to follow the following criteria: PR7: Indigenous Peoples, Since there is no impact over cultural heritage, it is not required to follow the following criteria: PR8: Cultural Heritage, Since there is no financial intermediaries, it is not required to follow the following criteria: PR9: Financial Intermediaries IFC Performance Standards (PS) PR1 – Environmental and Social Appraisal and Management PR2 – Labor and Working Conditions PR3 – Pollution Prevention and Abatement PR4 – Community Health, Safety and Security PR5 – Land Acquisition, Involuntary Resettlement and Economic Displacement PR6 – Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource Management PR7 – Indigenous Peoples PR8 – Cultural Heritage Since the field has no ecological and bio-diversity importance, it is not required to follow the following performance criteria: PS6: Protection of Biodiversity and sustainable Management of Living Natural Resource, No local public is living in the field so it is not required to follow the following performance criteria: PS7: Indigenous Peoples, Since there is no impact over cultural heritage, it is not required to follow the following performance criteria: PS8: Cultural Heritage, 8 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY 2. PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION Project Location The project site is located at the borders of Yöre Village of Pamukören Town of Kuyucak District of Aydın Province. The site is in 6.5 km air distance at the northeast side of Kuyucak District, 2.5 km northwest side of Pamukören Town and 1.5 km northwest side of Yöre Village. (See. Figure 1 and Figure 2). Figure 1. Project Site Map 9 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY Figure 2. Topographical Map The Project; whish is planned to be located at the borders of Kuyucak District of Aydın Province; will be realized within the site borders which belongs to the Investor with the 2009/102 and 2009/147 numbered geothermal business licenses. The 2009/102 numbered licensed field takes 3,925.43 ha space and the 2009/147 numbered licensed field takes 759.99 ha space. The total space of the sites having the business license is 4.685,42 ha. However the subject power plant is planned to be within 2009/147 numbered field in 9,879 m2 (0.9879 ha) area in total. The production wells and the re- injection wells; which are necessary for the execution of the project; will be digged and the construction works of the geothermal power plant will be within the licensed fields. Project Description The Project is planned to be at the borders of Yöre Village of Pamukören Town of Kuyucak District of Aydın Province and to produce annually 144,000,000 kWh electrical energy with 18 MW e installed power. The proposed power plant will operate with a closed cycle which starts by processing the geothermal fluid; which will be obtained from 6 wells. Production wells; continuous by converting the thermal energy into the electrical power and ends by pumping back it to the reservoir through 3 re-injection wells after dropping its heat. The processes such as producing the geothermal fluid, distilling it as water and vapour and transmitting it to the power plant and pumping back the geothermal fluid; whose heat is dropped; to the re-injection well are realized through the automation system at the well tops. 10 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY The process flow chart is given in Figure 3. GENERATOR TURBINE TURBINE CONDENSER EVAPORATOR PRE-HEATER PUMP PUMP PRODUCTION WELL RE-INJECTION WELL Figure 3. The Production Flow Diagram of Electric Power from Geothermal Resource The proposed power plant is the power plant with double fluid (Binary Cycle System) geothermal power generator. The working principle depends on the Rankine Cycle2 basic logic. This system is convenient for the low temperature geothermal resources. A secondary operating fluid (organic fluid); which has low boiling point and high vapour pressure at low temperatures; is used in the system. The geothermal fluid; which will be obtained from KYC-1, KYC-2, KYC-3, KYC-4, KYC- 5 and KYC-6 numbered production wells, will be passed through the evaporator and pre-heater units (heat exchangers) within the scope of the Project. While the geothermal fluid is will be passing through the heat exchanger (pre-heater) unit, the organic fluid will absorb the heat of the geothermal fluid. The organic fluid; which is heated up to the boiling point in the pre-heater unit with the effect of the heat of the geothermal fluid; will be taken to the evaporator unit. The organic fluid; which will be evaporated in the evaporator section with the help of geothermal fluid; which comes from the production wells; will go the high pressure turbine and it provides the shaft on the turbine to rotate by being exposed to the pressure and heat lost. The organic fluid; which will lose the pressure and heat in the high pressure turbine; will be sent to low pressure turbine to lose the residual pressure and heat. The low pressure organic fluid vapour; whose energy is converted in the turbines; will be sent to the air-cooled condenser and become liquefied. The liquefied organic fluid then will be pumped to the pre-heaters. The mechanical energy; which is formed by the rotation of the turbines; will be converted into an electric power by the generators. The geothermal water; which leaves the pre-heater and evaporator units; will converge on a point and goes to re-injection system after leaving the power plant. 11 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY The 1,470 m length transmission line will be used to transmit the geothermal liquid to the power plant. The rock wool will be used for the insulation of the transmission line to be used and the top of it will be covered by the aluminium sheet plate. The compensators and omegas will be used against the thermal expansions. The geothermal fluid; whose heat is dropped in the power plant; will be transmitted to the re-injection well underground with the 3,275 m length wrapped pipes and pumped back approximately to 2,000m depth. The condensed vapour will be pumped out from the head of the low pressure evaporator exchanger and connected to the re-injection line to be sent to the re- injection well (See. Figure 4). Figure 4. Binary Cycle System The whole of the geothermal fluid; whose heat is dropped; will be pumped back to the reservoir. It is necessary to prolong the re-injection reservoir at 100% ratio, to maintain the resource balance and protect the environment. The full capacity re-injection is one of the most important objectives of the Project. The re-injection process is a very important process for the environmental aspects. As a result: The unused hot fluid will be provided not to pollute the environment with the re- injection (pumping back). Because the used fluid is pumped back to the reservoir the fluid balance of the reservoir remains stable and the pressure of the reservoir is maintained. Even though some of the used fluid can be supplied by natural feeding, generally the amount; which is supplied to the reservoir through natural feeding; is not equal to the used amount. By this way the need of natural feeding will be decreased. The land subsidence due to the decrease in the reservoir volume because of the use will be minimized. 12 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY 2.1. Necessity of the Project The greenhouse gas emissions; that are resulting from the use of fossil resources; necessitate the development and use of the alternative energy resources. One of the energy resources is the geothermal energy. It is such an energy Turkey has pretty important potential. Turkey is in the 7th place in World and 1st place in Europe with the potential of geothermal resources. The 79% of the potential areas are in West Anatolia, 8.5% are in Central Anatolia, 7.5% are in Marmara Region, 4.5% are in East Anatolia and the 0.5% is in other regions (See Figure 5). Source: www.mta.gov.tr Figure 5. The geothermal resources in Turkey. The 94% of our geothermal resources are at low and moderate temperatures and suitable for direct applications (heating, thermal tourism, mineral recovery, etc.) and the 6% are suitable for indirect applications (electric power production). The geothermal energy; which is a renewable resource; is different from the energy produced from the fossil fuels. The geothermal resources are continuously fed by underground reservoirs and also the resource balance is maintained by pumping back (re-injection) the used geothermal fluid to the underground. With the Project; which is planned to be built; the potential of the existing site will be assessed, the emission reduction will be ensured by the use of energy resources, the dependence on the import of the Petroleum and petroleum products for the energy production will be annihilated and the socio-economic development of the region will be affected in a positive way. It is planned to assign maximum 200 persons by the contractor during the construction stage and 25 persons during the operating process. It is clear that it will provide the positive contribution to the region with regard to employment. 2.2. Project Alternatives The site selection, alternatives of the project design and alternative inertia are taken into consideration when carrying out the feasibility Works of the Project. 13 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY LOCATION DESIGN INERTIA •The geothermal field; which is •The Binary Cycle System will be •With the planned Project, the selected for the Project; is used in the electricity potential of the existing located within Aydın-Kuyucak production. This system is geothermal field will be geothermal field and the suitable for the moderate utilized, the emission reduction geothermal business licenses temperature geothermal will be provided by the use of with the number of 2009/102 resources and a secondary renewable energy resources in and 2009/147 are belong to the operating fluid with high vapor the electricity production, the Investor. Therefore Aydın- pressure is also used. the dependency on the import of Kuyucak geothermal field; “Flanged” and “Binary Flanged” petroleum and petroleum which belongs to the Investor systems are used in the higher products will be annihilated and suitable for geothermal temperature resources. . and the socio-economic resources; is selected as the development of the region will Project location. On the other be contributed. . hand, the transport to the Project site is pretty easy and it is not expected to have any problems on this respect. . Alternatives for Project Field The fields; which are suitable for utilizing the potential geothermal resources; are needed to produce electricity. The geothermal field; which is selected for the Project; is within Aydın-Kuyucak geothermal field and belongs to the Investor by the 2009/102 and 2009/147 numbered geothermal business licenses. Therefore Aydın-Kuyucak geothermal field; which belongs to the Investor and suitable for geothermal resources; is selected as the Project location. Also the following matters are considered when selecting the power plant location: Closeness to the production wells The elevation difference between the plant location and the production wells and the pressure of geothermal fluid, Closeness to the re-injection wells, The elevation difference between the plant location and the re-injection wells, Closeness to the National electricity system, Land structure, Availability of the access to the site, Design Alternatives The various thermodynamic cycles are used in the electricity production from the geothermal energy. These cycles can be classified as dry vapour cycles, single and binary flanged cycles, secondary and combined flanged cycles with secondary fluid. 14 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY Geothermal Jeotermal Sistemler Systems Dry Vapor Cycles Single and Binary Akşıkanlı ÇiftFluid Binary (Binary Combined Kuru Buhar Tek ve Çift Flaşlı Birleşik Flaşlı / İkili Çevrimleri Flanged Cycles Çevrimler (İkili Çevrim Cycle -Binary System) Flanged/Binary Cycle Çevrim Cycle System) The cycle named secondary fluid cycle is used in the electricity production from moderate temperature (generally 150°C-170°C) and liquid-weighted geothermal resources. In this cycle, the intermediate fluid; which passes through the turbine; is not the vapour but the fluid which is named as secondary fluid and has the boiling temperature pretty lower than the boiling temperature of the water? The heat resource in this cycle is the geothermal fluid. This cycle; which is completed by the secondary fluid; is an Organic Rankine cycle. Because the geothermal fluid doesn’t contact with the pollutants in this type of cycle, it is the most sensitive geothermal electric production system for the environment. Inertia Alternative The inertia alternative indicates the no completion status of the project. In case the planned project is not completed, then annually 144,000,000 kWh electricity energy will not be produced by compensating from the renewable resources. Therefore it is important to put the project into practice. 2.3. Technical Properties of the Project The energy which will be produced within the context of the Project will be realized by digging 6 pcs. of geothermal wells inside the site; which belongs to the Investor and holds 2009/147 and 2009/102 numbered business license and procuring the geothermal fluid from these wells. The above mentioned sites are allocated to the Investor by the Aydın Governorship for the period of 30 years to produce electricity. The 1,470 m length transmission line will be used to transmit the geothermal liquid to the power plant. The rock wool will be used for the insulation of the transmission line to be used and the top of it will be covered by the aluminium sheet plate. The compensators and omegas will be used against the thermal expansions. The geothermal fluid; whose heat is dropped in the power plant; will be transmitted to the re-injection well underground with the 3,275 m length wrapped pipes and pumped back approximately to 2,000m depth. The drilling Works of 4 of the 6pcs production wells (KYC-1, KYC-2, KYC-3 and KYC-5) are already completed and the well tops are closed, the drilling Works of the remaining 2 (KYC-4 and KYC-6) are just started within the scope of the Project to be executed. Likewise, the drilling Works of only one (RKYC-1) of the 3 re-injection wells are completed and the drilling Works of the remaining two wells (RKYC-2 and RKYC-3) are not started yet. 15 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY As a result of the measurement and analysis studies; which are performed on the geothermal fluid inside the wells; the average temperature of the geothermal fluid; which is planned to produce energy in the power plant; is determined between 145°C- 155°C. The CO2 ( no condensable gas); which is disposed by the nature of the geothermal fluid; is 99.7% and the remaining is the methane and trace amount of nitrogen. Kuyucak Geothermal Power Plant will dispose approximately 31 ton/hour (1.900 g/kWh) CO2. CO2 is a greenhouse gas and there are not any legal regulations related to this matter in Turkey yet. The geothermal fluid; which will be produced thorough the 6 production wells. Production wells will be transmitted to the power plant through 1,470m length transmission line. The rock wool will be used for the insulation of the transmission line to be used and the top of it will be covered by the aluminium sheet plate. The compensators and omegas will be used against the thermal expansions. The geothermal fluid; whose heat is dropped in the power plant; will be transmitted to the re-injection well underground with the 3,275 m length wrapped pipes and injected approximately to 2,000m depth. The geothermal power plant will be operated by the “Binary Cycle System”. This system is suitable for the moderate temperature geothermal resources and the secondary operation fluid with the high vapour pressure is used for the boiling temperatures. After being produced in the system, the energy will be circulated (in and out) into the 154 kV Pamukören JES-Denizli Geothermal Energy Transmission Line through 1 km length 154 kV voltage 2x1,272 MCM Energy Transmission Line. Under the normal transmission conditions, the 100% of the geothermal fluid will be injected to the reservoir. The “Discharge Pool” will be built inside the plant site in order to maintain the production in case of an emergency case such as any malfunctions in the system or any technical errors in the re-injection wells preventing the re-injection of the geothermal fluid. In such cases the geothermal fluid will be pumped to the re- injection wells with additional pumps. The production and re-injection wells will be digged through the drilling Works. The drilling Works will be based on the principle of rotating the drill; which will be fixed at the end of the pipe; together with the pipe. The debris will be brought to the surface, the drill will be cooled and the pressure of the well will be controlled by giving a special liquid; which is named “drilling mud” to the well through the pipe. The drilling mud; which reaches the wells; passes through the drilling holes and returns to the surface from the well wall by wiping the rock debris in the deep. Then the mud; is sieved to be filtered from the debris and transferred back to the mud pits; which have at least 2 times more volume than the completed drilling hole; whose base and side walls are covered with geomembrane material in order to provide impermeability; in accordance with the provisions of “Regulation For The Dispose of The Wastes Resultant From The Drilling Muds and Chrome Mine Subjected to The Physical Process”. 16 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY The Investor has made eluate analysis for the drilling muds. As a result of this analysis it is determined that the drilling muds are able to be stored in the II. Class storage facilities. In this respect, the drilling muds will be carried to the II. Class Regular Storage Facility of Aydın Metropolitan Municipality to be disposed. The necessary and related correspondences are made with Aydın Municipality and it is agreed that the drilling muds will be carried to the Aydın Municipality II. Class Sanitary Landfill Facility to be disposed. Upon completion of the drilling Works, the top of the mud pit will be closed by the excavation materials from the excavation and the vegetable soil. If the membrane is laid, then the membrane will be removed, returned to the manufacturers to be disposed and the excavated area will be restored by closing it with excavation soil. Units of the Project are presented at Table 2. Table 2. Project Units Name of The Unit Quantity Description It points out the wells whose heat will be Production wells 6 pcs. utilized in the electricity production. The facilities to be built at the well head to pump the produced geothermal waters to the Geothermal fluid collecting units 6 pcs. power plant (storage tank, pump, valve, control systems and pipes). They are the wells used to re-pump the Re-injection wells 3 pcs. waters; whose heat is dropped; to the reservoir. They are used to pump the inhibitor into the Inhibitor dosing systems 2 set wells. The pumps are used to pump the waters to Re-injection pumps and drivers 3 set be re-pumped and the elements are used to control these pumps. It points out the hardware which is operated Organic Cycling Turbine 2 pcs. by the heated and vaporized closed cycle fluid. It is the hardware cycled by the turbine and Generator 2 pcs. produces the electricity. They are used to transmit the thermal energy of the geothermal fluid to the organic fluid Heat exchangers 2 pcs. through closed cycle (pentane, isobutene, etc. ) These are the hardware used to cool the fluid; which exists from the turbine; for Condenser 1 piece enabling it to be re-used in the closed cycle. The air-cooled condenser will be used in the system. They are used for the valves controlled by Air compressors 6 pcs. the pressurized air. 17 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY Name of The Unit Quantity Description It is used to re-engage the power plant in case of any electricity cuts or lack of energy Emergency generator 1 piece in the network and to provide energy for the machinery and buildings; which still have to be operated in such cases. It enhances the electricity; which is produced Transformer 2 pcs. by the power plant; to the network values. 2.4. Project Activities 2.4.1. Construction Phase Organization Chart and Responsibilities Investor, has prepared "Subcontractor, Occupational Health and Safety Specification" subcontractors and contractors that will work during construction activities of the project. This specification defines occupational health and safety requirements for works that will be performed by contractors and subcontractor in the scope of the project that investor plans to realize. The Investor will check whether the contractors and subcontractors comply with the specifications of the contract regarding the scope of works to be done. This document has been prepared in accordance with legal regulations and requirements listed below: Labour Law numbered 4857 No. 6331 Occupational Health and Safety Law OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health and Safety Standards Regulation on Principles and Procedures of Occupational Health and Safety Training of Employees Regulation on Task, Authority, Responsibility and Education of The Safety Professionals Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety Committees Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment Regulation Occupational Health and Safety Services Regulation Regulation on the Use of Personal Protective Equipment at Workplaces Regulation on the Cessation in the Workplace In Construction, Occupational Health and Safety Regulation Regulation on Emergency Situations in Workplaces Regulation on Health and Safety Conditions In the Use of Work Equipment Health and Safety Measures Regulation in Working with the Chemicals Secure Storage of Chemicals Policy (Ministry of Labour and Social Security Occupational Health and Safety Institute-Information Documents) Grounding of Electrical Installations Regulations Regulation on Internal Electrical Installations Safe Working with Compressed Gas Cylinders (Ministry of labour and Social Security Occupational Health and Safety Institute-Information Documents) Occupational Health and Safety Precautions at Studies Conducted With Crane Used in Construction Classification and Labelling of Chemical Risks, Sign Systems 18 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY Occupational Health and Safety Guide at Studies in the closed area(Ministry of labour and Social Security Occupational Health and Safety Institute-Information Documents) Occupational Health and Safety at thin section excavations (Ministry of labour and Social Security Occupational Health and Safety Institute-Information Documents) If any risk assessment of the work or the method of application is incomplete or inadequate, on request the contractor / sub-contractor, will correct immediately the relevant assessment or method in his own charges. All risk assessment methods and practices will be explained in convenient and comprehensive figures to the contractors / subcontractors staff that will perform the work by contractor / sub-contractor. Risk assessment and / or the method of application will be in the workplace at all the time and will be open to inspection by the investor. Contractor/subcontractor will allocate the sufficient number of competent, suitable and experienced staff to manage all health and safety requirements for the work field in compliance with "Occupational Health and Safety Services Regulations". Allocation process and type will be done by using "health and safety-monitoring system" that is implemented by labour and Social Security Ministry. Each contractor/subcontractor is obliged to appoint an “Occupational Health and Safety Specialist" and "Workplace Physician" according to hazard class for the periods specified in the legislation. Contractor/sub-contractor will be responsible for necessary information, instruction, training and supervision in order that the staff will take the jobs in a safe and complete way. Trainings will include training for requirements of No. 6331 "Occupational Health and Safety Law". Contractor/subcontractor shall file records of staff training. Contractor/sub-contractor; will deliver for each staff in advance, safety boots/boots, protective helmets, protective pants, long-sleeved jacket, gloves, aprons, reflector clothing that provide the employees clearly appear, safety goggles, welding goggles, ear plugs, high operational safety belts, and the correct personal protective equipment or other appropriate equipment that are determined according to the results of the risk analysis is required to be done due to the necessary legal framework , safe work practices or due to the requirements at occupational health and safety documents prepared for the project. In the field, the use of waist safety belt type is strictly prohibited, to use parachute-type safety belt, steel-toed work boots, reflector vests, safety glasses, helmets with suitable colour will be mandatory .All personal protective equipment is to be given to employees with embezzlement report document and they will be replaced if needed. In accordance with Article 63 of the 4857 No. “Labour Law," "In general, the maximum weekly works time of 45 hours" provision should be complied. In the construction site besides administrative buildings, offices, warehouse space, etc. there will be units such as relaxation area, dormitories, canteens and infirmary according to the staff's needs. Designs and arrangements at the construction site and in the field of the construction process shall be made in accordance with the technical specifications, Turkish legislation and the standards of the financial institutions. The contractor will manage the personnel needs according to specified in the guidance 19 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY notes published by IFC and EBRD "Workers Accommodation: Processes and Standards.” Entry and exit to the construction site which will be installed during the construction work will be monitored by an assigned personnel (guard). By placing safety signs to inside and around the site unauthorized entry into the field will be blocked. Training of staff to comply with the safety precautions and the speed limit will be provided. The staff will be employed and appointed in accordance with the terms of reference. Human Resources Plan and Procedures" corporate governance plan will be implemented for the duties and responsibilities related to environmental and social management. Labour It is planned to employ about 200 people during the construction phase of the project. Equipment Machinery and equipment to be used in the construction phase of the project list is presented Table 3.. Table 3. Machinery-Equipment List That are Planned to be used at the Construction Phase (Plant Construction, Production Opening of wells, construction of Transmission Lines) Of the Project Machinery Equipment Quantity Usage Area Excavator 2 Construction of the plant area + Pipeline construction Loader 2 Construction of the plant area + Pipeline construction Truck 4 Construction of the plant area + Pipeline construction Drilling Machine 3 Well Drilling Sprinkler 2 Construction of the plant area + Pipeline construction Crane 2 Construction of the plant area + Pipeline construction Concrete Pump 1 Pipeline construction Application Program Site preparation and construction activities of the project are scheduled to last about 30 months (See Figure 6). 20 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY Figure 6. Work Plan Traffic Management Additional increases in traffic load will occur due to the following activities that will be carried out under the project: Supply or transport of construction materials, tools and waste to or from the construction site; Personnel movements. "Traffic Management Plan" will be prepared under the construction activities of the project Construction of Power Transmission Line Energy transmission line will be established in order to connect the produced energy to national line. The establishment and operation of the Energy transmission line process are implemented by Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation (TEİAŞ) Under the site preparation and construction activities of the project; sub-assemblies, top mounting, wire drawing and acceptance tests will be performed. 2.4.2. Operation Phase Organization Chart and Responsibilities Corporate structure management team will be formed by the investor for following the environmental performance of the proposed project and on the other hand to ensure a regular work of the facility. In this regard investors firstly shall determine a health, safety and environmental standards and ensure the continuation of these standards. In this context, will make trainings, meetings and administrative inspections and during these operations will ensure the enforcement of health, safety and environmental standards and the directives of safety and hazard analysis plan. Another responsibility of the investor is to ensure communication with external stakeholders and to assess the Grievance and suggestions. For this purpose, a public 21 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY relations mechanism shall be created and a Corporate Communications Policy will be followed. Mandatory and optional services to be provided by investors in general terms are presented below: Cleaning, disinfection, food, etc. services, General public services needed in indoor and outdoor areas, Parking services, Security services, Regulation of landscape and maintenance services, Food and waste management services, Materials and goods supplies, Medical support services. Labour It is planned to employ 25 people during the operation phase of the project. Equipment Machinery and equipment list to be used during the operation phase of the project is presented in Table 4.. Table 4. Machinery-Equipment List that is planned to Be Used in Project Operation Phase Machinery Equipment Quantity Generator 2 Ea. Turbine 2 Ea. Drainage pumps and drivers 3 Set Compressor 6 Ea. Condenser 1 Ea. Heat exchanger 2 Ea. Application Program Economic life of the plant is defined as approximately 30 years. Traffic Management Investor will carry out their responsibilities regarding traffic applications at construction phase also in the operation phase. Power Line TEİAŞ makes the power line necessary to contribute to the national grid. Within the scope of the project energy that will be produced at the plant will go in and out by 154 kV to Pamukören JES-Denizli Geothermal Power Transmission Line. Said energy transmission line is approximately 1 km in length Power transmission line corridors have been identified, a total of 500 m to 250 m from the right and left. Although transmission line route is not certain at this stage they are planned to take place in the corridor specified there have been several studies on the 22 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY effects the electric and magnetic fields on biological life. In these studies it is considered to be negative effects on human health. Because the effects of electro- magnetic fields from power lines are very low intensity it is not expected to have a negative impact to human health or other organisms. Because every kind of safety precautions and distances that are envisaged by "Electrical Power Plants Regulation” for all kinds of approaches that could be dangerous and risky for human health or environment shall be taken into account, it is considered that there will be no risk and danger. 2.4.3. The Closing Phase In order to make production later wellhead valve will be closed according to the capacity of geothermal wells after drilling operations are completed; after disposal of sludge mud pool will be filled with excess excavation material and topsoil. Considering living creatures living in and around the area together with the measures to be taken in the field during the work, care will be taken to keep to a minimum of the adverse environmental conditions that might be occur. After the economic life of the plant, machinery and equipment located in the plant shall be dismantled and removed from the plant area. If the plant will be dismantled land will be transformed into the former shape. Land reclamation will be based on topography especially topography of the surrounding land and land use. 23 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY 3. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN 3.1. Water Quality In the phase of construction; drilling circulation water needs of staff for drinking and using, for preventing dust formation, for using in concrete construction will be needed. Since water which will be used in irrigation works to prevent dust formation will evaporate and since concrete mixing water which will provide hydration with cement will be in concrete construction it is not possible to return as wastewater. Drilling circulation water that will be required during the preparation of the drilling mud will remain within the mud so any wastewater generation will not occur. Single source of waste water generation during the construction phase is sourced from domestic wastewater of the staff. Wastewater will be disposed of in accordance with regulations if the number of personnel exceeds 84. Water collected in impermeable septic tanks will be drawn by sewage trucks and will be given to Aydin Metropolitan Municipality wastewater infrastructure. In general, construction activities can create negative impacts on surface and groundwater resources. Soil movements during the excavation process, possible leakage during the transportation of material such as fuel needed for construction machinery and equipment , oil and so on, leakage of the water used in the field for the project are examples of this negative effect. In addition, flooding can occur during the storm water drainage. This released or leaked water with the negative impacts can interfere of surface and underground water resources. If the drilling mud drilling will not be collected at the mud pools and let them to runoff, this will be another activity that could adversely affect surface water and groundwater resources during the construction phase. In such a case mud will mix to the surface water or leak to the underground water and water sources are affected adversely. But in the planned project a mud pool of 750 m3 capacity (for one well) will be installed and muds will be collected in these pools and they will never disposed randomly. There will be domestic water consumption of employees working for the Project. Water collected in impermeable septic tanks will be drawn by sewage trucks and will be given to Aydin Metropolitan Municipality wastewater infrastructure. Geothermal fluid that will be used during the operational phase will not be given to the receiving environment in any way. Geothermal resources will be evaluated in the closed system of the plant and will be sent back through the geothermal reservoir with the help of the re-injection wells. Measures to be taken Domestic wastewater that will occur in the construction and operational phases of the project will be prevented to discharge to water resources which are at the project area and the surrounding areas, they will be disposed of in accordance with the legal regulations and any kind of activity which may cause the deterioration of current water quality will be prevented. Similarly, domestic solid waste will be collected in sealed containers or in watertight containers and will be taken by Kuyucak Municipality. Recyclable waste (paper, plastic, TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY bottles, scrap iron, etc.) will be collected separately and sent to a licensed recycling facility. Non-recyclable waste will be sent to the area that is nominated by the municipality so that contamination of surface and groundwater will be prevented. Drainage system in the central area will be designed in appropriate size. For rainwater drainage piping will be formed. In the geothermal systems, returning drilling mud from the drilling column will be disposed of in the mud pool which will be established for each well. Muds that will be used in drilling will be collected in sealing and impermeability provided pools. When drilling work is completed sludge in the pool will be dried and the pond will be covered with topsoil from the excavation and earthwork. If there is a membrane it will be taken back and given to the manufacturer for disposal than excavated area will be reinstated by using excavated soil. After used in the production of electricity, cooled geothermal fluid will be returned to the reservoir again pressing by the re-injection wells. Article 27 of the "Water Pollution Control Regulations" that was come in to force at 31.12.2004 and No. 25687with the official gazette says that “if the flow rate of geothermal water that is subtracted from underground and used for energy generation, heating and for various purposes exceeds 50 L / sec they are required to be disposed of”. Therefore, any discharge into the receiving environment of shallow geothermal fluid is not in question. To prevent leakage and contamination to surface and underground water wells will be covered with cement and will be made impermeable. In case of technical failure geothermal fluid will be collected in the drain pool. Oil change, fuel makeup, etc. needs of construction machinery will not be performed in the excavation field. These activities will be done at the impermeable fields. Any spill or a similar condition will to be reported, the necessary measures will be taken and will be disposed of in the appropriate way. In addition, at the project's construction and operation phases, "Surface Water Quality Control Regulations", "Protection of Watershed Regulation on the Preparation of Management Plan" and "Regulation on Ground Water of Pollution and Protection against Corruption" will be complied. 3.2. Soil Quality If hazardous materials, hazardous wastes or waste oil mix into the soil during construction works, soil pollution will occur. The level of the aforesaid pollution can vary according to the size of the spill and leakage and the size of the field where the spill and leakage is occurred. Leakages and spill occur during working of machines and equipment for excavation, during storage of fuel oil, etc. materials and these leakages and spill cause pollution at the soil. Spills of dangerous materials required in operation phase of the facility, spilling the hazardous wastes, leakages at storage areas, uncontrolled management of generated hazardous wastes may cause pollution at the soil. Degree of the pollution depends on the dimension of spill outs and leakages and also the size of the area. 25 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY It causes a large extent soil pollution that taken the temperature geothermal fluid, leaving the surface without being pressed back into the reservoir in geothermal power plants. Scope of the planned project, the geothermal fluid will be pressed back into the reservoir at approximately 2,000 m deep after electricity generation via re-injection pipes. Other adverse effect that may be on the land is the land subsidence. If the production value of the geothermal fluid is too big from the nutritional value, comprised a consolidation and therefore decreased surface elevation of surface subsidence is occurred. However, this is usually caused by failure of the geothermal fluid is not pressed back into the reservoir. Measures to be taken The vegetable soil will be stripped from the surface during construction activities, will carried and stored according to technical. The slope of the area in which to store topsoil shall not be more than 5%. Necessary measures shall be taken to avoid losses that may occur in the process of storing topsoil and will be protected against erosion and soil quality will be maintained. Upon completion of construction activities, the vegetable soil will be used again in units of landscape restoration work. The impermeability of the ground shall be provided with cover the surface of the chemical substances and oil materials storage by concrete order to protect the soil quality. Thus, measures shall be taken against possible leakage. Soil quality may be negatively affected in question during drilling operations. This negative impact; It is due to not be evacuated of the drilling mud into the mud pool. Chemicals in the content of drilling mud disrupt the soil quality and damage the product. The drilling muds which will be occurred in scope of the Project after receiving in to the mud-pool, shall be disposed in according to the legislation. The construction and operation phases of the project, when the suspected contamination occurs in land or when contamination is detected, prevent leakage and to remove adverse effect, by determining the cause of leakage, it shall be held in the necessary interventions. Contaminated sites shall be cleaned on a regular basis not to pose a risk to the ecosystem and human health. In addition, for any spill, leak or fire, "Emergency Response Plan" shall be implemented. Reducing the negative impacts on soil / prevention shall be provided with the measures to be taken. Upon completion of the construction phase of the project, recreational activities will be carried out according to the natural vegetation, during operations- shall be obeyed of the portions of the "Point Source Regulation on Soil Pollution Control and Contaminated Sites" No. 167 "Groundwater Law" “Regulation for protect the Groundwater against pollution and degradation” and “State Hydraulic Works, Groundwater Monitoring Systems Regulation" . Geothermal fluid which will be used in production, will be pressed into the reservoir again. Thus, both will be protected of the source balance and prevented land subsidence. The following protection measures shall be taken in order to protect soil quality during construction and operation phase: 26 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY Training shall be given by Contractor to personnel about the matters causing soil pollution. Excavated soil shall be stored in such a manner protected from rain and wind erosions. Dumpers of trucks shall be covered during transportation of excavation material to prevent soil to be scattered. Fertile soil obtained after stripping operations shall be re-used so it is important to provide this soil to keep its own characteristics. Therefore, vegetable soil shall be kept in a separate place and shall be kept humidified. If excavation soil is found proper then it shall be used in backfill. Waste soil which is not used in backfill shall be transported to areas mentioned by the municipality. Waste Management Plan and Hazardous Chemical Management Plan shall be prepared. Transportation and disposal of excavation material and hazardous materials shall be made in conformance with national regulations. Stripped topsoil shall be stored to reuse in open stock area landscaping. It shall be provided the excavated soil used in backfill as much as possible. Excavated soil which shall not be used at backfill, shall be taken by Kuyucak Municipality. Also collected recyclable waste shall be sent to licensed recycling facility. Under the scope of prevention and control of soil pollution, hazardous materials, hazardous wastes and waste oil shall be prevented to mix with environment. Refuelling operations shall be performed at in sealed and impervious area on the concrete floor. Required fuel, oil, and so on dangerous substances storages shall be in impermeable and appropriate size tanks which to allow leak detection. Storage of fuels and chemicals shall be done in a protected area against floods and on to the concrete floor at available weather conditions. Immediate intervention shall be provided in case of spillage and leakage and absorbent kits and sawdust shall be available to collect the spilled waste. Transportation of hazardous materials, storage and disposal shall be managed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Maintenance and repair operations of construction equipment and machinery shall be performed in an area which provided its Impermeability against leakage and sheltered barrier, and also on to the concrete covered Rain water and surface water drainage channels in the project area shall be constructed according to the site's topography. Drainage channels in the operation phase shall be checked periodically. Geothermal fluid which is taken its heat, shall be pressed in to the reservoir again. Domestic solid wastes shall be collected in closed impermeable wares or in containers, shall be taken by Kuyucak Municipality. Recyclable waste (paper, plastic, bottles, scrap iron, etc.) shall be also collected and sent to the licensed recycling facility. Non-recyclable wastes shall be sent to the field- show by the Municipality. Muds where will be used in drilling works, shall be collected in the pool which provided their sealing and impermeability. Eluate analysis of mud shall be performed. In case of any chemicals used in drilling mud, set of sandbags around the mud pools shall be done for not mix surface waters into the mud pools. When drilling is complete, the sludge shall be dried where is located in the mud pool and the top of the pool shall be closed with topsoil where comes from the excavation and earthwork. If the membrane outspreads, shall be 27 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY taken back and given to the producer companies, thus it shall be disposed and top of the excavated area covered with excavated soil and shall be restored. Muds hall be taken to the Aydın Metropolitan 2nd.Class Controlled landfill site and shall be disposed. 3.3. Air Quality Matters that could affect the ambient air quality during the construction phase; arising from land preparation and construction work which is to be done to operate the machine and dust emissions / exhaust emissions that are caused by the equipment. During operation of the facility, any activity does not exist which may result dust emission, However, gas and door may be emitted during operation. Geothermal power plants, that not use fossil fuels, shall not be any gas emission from the power plant. However, geothermal fluids comprise non-condensable gases, which increased the temperature amount. Non-condensable gases that caused from geothermal power plant ; CO2, H2S, CH4, NH3, N2, H2, B and mercury(Hg) Because of stopper circuit is available in Double fluid (Binary-cycle Binary Cycle System) geothermal power plants, due to be given back to the geothermal reservoir by the reinjection of reduced temperature geothermal fluid, non-condensable gases are trace amounts. Studies in the field, would have been identified that H2S would be at negligible level. On the other hand, CO2 emitted due to the nature of the geothermal fluid is 99.7% for the project, the rest of others are methane and trace amount nitrogen. According to the calculations, non-condensing amount of CO2 that will come into open within the inscope of the project, is about 1,900 g / kWh (31 tons / hour). CO2 is a greenhouse gas and there is no direct effect to the health. In this respect, there is no legal arrangement yet in Turkey. However, shall be complied with the Regulation on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Tracking which published ,in the Official Gazette No 29003 on date 17.05.2014. Odour emissions at geothermal power plants are sourced from more H2S. Double fluid (Binary-cycle Binary Cycle System) technology and re-injection method used in a plant, due to give back to reservoir of all fluid, H2S output is trace amount. Under the pressure, the gas is in melt form inside the geothermal fluid and comes off when the pressure drop and it is released outside from the transmission lines bluff. Increased sulphur content in the region negatively affects agricultural products. This problem can be prevented by regulating the pressure in the supply line. Measures to be Taken The act of opening of the wells that will be used in the project, shall be made by drilling machines, will not cause any dust emissions. However, due to activities that will be carried out during site preparation and construction work, calculated on above amount of dust emission will be occurred. In order to avoid dusting in the field will be taken some precautions as follows: Upper part of the trucks will be covered with a tarpaulin during transportation, 28 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY Loading and unloading operations will be ensured to be performed without tossing. There will be speed limit to the vehicles running in the fields, Construction site and routes will be watered with sprinklers in certain periods. Dust emissions will be controlled by monitoring studies, in case of any Grievance the frequency of monitoring will be increased and comprehensive measures will be taken. Kuyucak Geothermal Power Plant shall include about 0.03 kg non-condensable gases in one kilogram. Nevertheless,CO2 emitted for unit energy is very low according to the fossil fuel power plants in steam and flash geothermal power plants. Almost never emissions are occurring in binary-cycle power plants. (Environmental Impact of Geothermal Energy, Adnan Menderes University Rector Geothermal Energy Research Centre Publications, April 2015). During the construction phase, due to fuel use in business machines, gas emissions shall be occurred. New and well-maintained vehicles will be used for the control of gas emissions from construction equipment which will be used within the project. Exhaust gas measurements of all equipment’s shall be made in certain periods. In addition, construction equipment will not be left in operation except the maintenance and repair situations. Also, it shall be complied with the Exhaust Emission Control and Quality of gasoline and diesel regulation provisions which published on date 30.11.2013 in the Official Gazette No. 28 837. During the activity period; shall be complied with regulation provisions of Creator Odour Emission Control which entered into force on 19.07.2013 and published in Official Gazette No. 28712. If necessary and/or required, shall be made measurement. Also, H2S output will be prevented by regulating the pressure in the transmission line. 3.4. Noise The following mitigation measures will be taken during the construction phase of the project: All of the business machinery and equipment shall not be operated simultaneously. Periodic maintenance of all working machines and equipment will be done on time. High-tech equipment with the lowest possible noise level will be used. Construction machinery will be turned off whenever not used. Construction activities will be conducted during daylight hours whenever possible. Activities that will cause noise will be carried out in as far locations from residential areas as possible. Noise monitoring will be conducted in order to ensure the noise standards. Excavation will be done during normal working hours using shipping routes. If it must be done at night, all the permissions will be taken. Staff will be made aware on reducing the impact of the noise level. Local people will be informed about the progress of activities which will cause noise. Grievance on noise will be considered under the Grievance Mechanism. Working hours will be set by the provisions of the relevant legislation. 29 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY In order to provide the scope of activities to protect the health of workers exposed to noise in the environment and sustainability activities, shall be given personal protective equipment as header, earflaps or earplugs. In the operational phase of the project, noise sources will be in closed environments and contractor will perform the necessary insulation inside the building. Therefore, the operational phase of the project would have a negligible effect on the current noise level. At construction and operation phases of the project, noise limit values specified in national and international legislation will be strictly adhered. 3.5. Waste Management Wastes that will be generated during the construction and operation phase of hospital shall be collected, stored and disposed in accordance with national and international standards. “Waste Management Plan” will be prepared in this regard and measures mentioned below shall be followed: During the storage, transport and disposal of the wastes, all kinds of measures will be taken against leaks and spills and storage will be made in an area where there are barriers against leakage. Domestic solid waste will be collected in sealed containers or in watertight containers and sent to the municipal landfill site. Recyclable waste (paper, plastic, glass and iron scrap, etc.) packaging waste will be collected in impermeable containers or in closed containers, separately from the domestic solid waste. Stripped topsoil will be stored at the open storage area and will be reused for landscaping. Some excavated soil will be used as backfill. Construction machinery and equipment sourced waste oils will be stored in impermeable and sealed containers pursuant to the relevant regulations, by analysing according to the given parameters, according to the category shall be collected in separate impermeable tanks. Waste oil storage tanks will be red colour and "Waste oil" phrase shall be on the tanks. Waste Vegetable Oil shall be stored separately from other waste in barrels that are sealed inside and outside and resistant to corrosion. Medical waste will be collected in a special sealed bag separately from other wastes. It will be collected in containers with the characteristics determined by the relevant regulatory provisions in the space reserved for temporary waste storage of waste batteries. During the temporary storage of waste, for designated the maximum temporary storage times wastes, storage periods shall be monitored by “Waste Delivery Registration Chart" and "Environmental Officer" and wastes shall be dispatched before the end of the specified period. The doors of hazardous waste landfills will be kept constantly locked and only authorized people will be allowed to enter. At the warehouse space entry, "Warning! Hazardous Waste Temporary Storage Area" and "Dangerous" signs will be placed. Dates, name, code, quantity, storage date of hazardous wastes will be recorded at the Delivery date Registration Table by the administration. National Waste Transportation Form will be held during the transportation of hazardous waste. Waste notification shall be made Aydın Provincial Directorate of Environment and Urban Planning at regular intervals. 30 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY Documents relating to the waste will be kept for five years and will be declared to the relevant authorities during inspections. Emergency equipment will be ready for use in the field. 3.6. Ecology Fauna It hasn’t been encountered to the endemic species in the project. IUCN categories are not available for species that are present or likely to exist in the project area. The species identified in the project area studies are not found in the list of the Bern Convention Appendix-1. The species identified in the project area of flora studies are not found in the list of the CITES Convention. Flora It hasn’t been encountered to the endemic species in the project. The species identified in the project area studies are not found in the list of the Bern Convention Appendix- 1,IUCN and CITES convention. Table 5. Flora species detected in Project Site and near abroad MAK BERN LATIN NAME TURKISH NAME END IUCN CITES (2015- AYK CONVENTION 2016) Rana rindibula Yeşil Kurbağa - NT - EK-II - - Bufo viridis Gece Kurbağası - NT - EK-II - - Bufo bufo Kara Kurbağası - NT - EK-II - - Testudo graeca Tosbağa - NT EK-2 EK-II - EK-3 Ophisops elegans Tarla Kertenkelesi - NT - - - EK-3 Lacerta pavra Cüce Kertenkele - NT - EK-II - EK-3 Eirenis modestus Uysal Yılan - NT - - - EK-3 Natrix natrix Suyılanı - NT - - - EK-3 Ciconia ciconia Ak Leylek - LC - EK-II - EK-3 Buteo buteo Şahin - LC EK-2 EK-II - EK-3 Falco tinnunculus Kerkenez - LC EK-2 EK-II - EK-3 Columba palambus Tahtalı Güvercin - LC - EK-III EK-2 EK-2 Columba livia Kaya Güvercini - LC - EK-III EK-2 EK-2 Streptopleia decaocta Kumru - LC - EK-III EK-1 EK-3 Athene noctua Kukumav - LC EK-2 EK-II - EK-3 Apus apus Kara Sağan, Ebabil - LC - EK-III - EK-3 Galerida cristata Tepeli Toygar - LC - EK-III EK-1 EK-2 Hirundo rustica Kır Kırlangıcı - LC - EK-III - EK-3 Motacilla alba Akkuyrukkakan - LC - EK-II - EK-3 Kızılsırtlı - LC - EK-III EK-1 EK-2 Lanius collurio Ümüksıkan Tadorna ferruginea Angıt - LC - EK-II - EK-3 31 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY MAK BERN LATIN NAME TURKISH NAME END IUCN CITES (2015- AYK CONVENTION 2016) Pica pica Saksağan - LC - EK-III EK-2 EK-2 Corvus corone Leş Kargası - LC - EK-III EK-2 EK-2 Sturnus vulgaris Sığırcık - LC - EK-III EK-1 EK-2 Passer domesticus Serçe - LC - EK-III EK-2 EK-2 Fringilla coelebs İspinoz - LC - EK-III - EK-3 Carduelis carduelis Saka - LC - EK-II - EK-3 Emberiza hortulana Kirazkuşu - LC - EK-III EK-1 EK-3 Miliaria (E.) calandra Tarla Kirazkuşu - LC - EK-III EK-1 EK-3 Erinaceus concolor Kirpi - NT - EK-III - EK-3 Sivriburunlu - NT - - - EK-3 Crocidura leucodon Tarlafaresi Rhinolophus Küçük Nalburunlu - V - - - EK-3 hipposideros Yarasa Lepus europaeus Yabani Tavşan - NT - EK-III EK-2 EK-2 Cricetulus migratorius Göçmen Hamster - NT - - - - Spalax leucodon Kör Fare - NT - - - - Mus musculus Ev Faresi - NT - - - - NT: Near Threatened V: Vulnerable LC: Least Concern MAK: Central Hunting Commision AYK: Specified by Forestry and Water Affairs Ministry Game and Wild Animals Lists Measures to be Taken There are no endemic species in the project area, so moving plants, seed collection and so on. operations will not be performed To minimize the dust transport roads and construction sites shall be watered at regular intervals. Illegal hunting activities in the field will be blocked and employees will be awared. During the Construction period in order to prevent relocation and other negative behavior of the macro-organisms due to the inconvenience factor care to be taken about working hours of the work machines. During the Construction period filling process with the material resulting from excavation will be minimized in order not to disrupt the stability of fauna in the vicinity. The area around the construction phase of the plant will be isolated; the animal species encountered in the field at this stage (small mammals, amphibians and reptiles etc.) at the plant site will be redirected to suitable habitats outside the borders. During the construction phasebecause of the noise that may occur as a result of human activities, especially the large mammals will stay away from activities. The fauna species to survive in the project area will not be disturbed and every precaution to protect habitats will be taken. The wild fauna species in all the studies of the project will never be harmed deliberately, and national and international, legislation and contract terms will be certainly complied. Under the project, measures will be taken for the protection of flora and fauna and during all activities national and international, legislation and contract terms will be certainly complied. 32 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY 3.7. Social and Economical Situation Construction Phase Business machines and heavy vehicles may cause damages to the roads and this will be compensated by the investor. In the interviews, it has been mentioned that business machines where are parked at the edge of the road, local people are not able to park their vehicles and they cannot send their children to the bus service such as failure to send boarding services alone. Non-operational construction machinery and equipment will be held in construction site. The roads that the local people use, comply with the speed limit. Service routes will be followed to avoid damage during children bussed education. It will be moving by considering the elderly, children, women, youth and the disabled in all security measures to be taken. The main routes during the construction phase (highways, divided highway, asphalt and gravel road) will be preferred. Utilized by the school vehicle routes will be avoided as much as possible. The following matters will be considered for the protection of life and property safe of the local people during the construction stage by Investors; The insulation will be provided in pipelines Taking into account environmental factors in the transition zone,pipelines will be buried or raised. Mechanical measures will be taken against leakage when the pipeline install. Where necessary safety signs / warnings will be placed. Measures will be taken to prevent people entering the well Lighting will be held on transport roads Preventing the destruction of the slope (walls, steel, etc.) measures will be taken. The environmental impact issues that may occur with the project, will be made accurate information to the public. Operation Phase Local people are concerned that the same effects will be occured in Kuyucak Geothermal Power Plant Project due to other geothermal project’s impacts to the environment. A projection and transparent information work in this regard. Livestock has an important place for local people in this district as livelihood. It shall not be discharged into surface areas of the geothermal fluid during operation. Therefore, in order to continue their livestock activities, which is one of the region's livelihood, will not be damaged of the animals grazing places. Local artisans will be preferred to make shoping for effect the social-economic impact. In the operational phase by the investor, the following matters will be considered for the protection of life and property safety of the local people; During the operation, maintenance and periodic inspection schedule will be made and thus tracking the control will be provided. If necessary, repairs and etc. precautions will be made by authorized personnel. 33 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY The possibility of the eruption to zero wellhead design will be made. wellhead pressure will be monitored with the automation system where is installed in power plant. It can set up an automated system for harmful gas and appropriate visual and audio warning system will be established. After the power plant established, environmental noise measurements will be to be made and according to the final report, and measures will be taken in the business environment (silencer to the engine, and so on. Fitting) For wastes (household chemicals) will be determined and appropriate disposal methods will be applied. 3.8. Community and Labour Health The following precautions shall be taken related with community and labour health and safety ; A site camp shall be built for workers to be used during construction activities. Life conditions of workers shall be in conformance with international standards, environmental hygiene shall be ensured and health services facility, county and province facilities shall be used. Site camp for workers’ accommodation shall be designed and arranged in conformance with processes and standards. This guide has been marked by IFC and EBRD. Priority in selection of workers shall be given to the people who leave at near environment. So workers who have their own residences shall be able to work for this project. Women employees should also be employed at proper positions. Human resources processes shall be followed in employments of workers. Project companies shall implement human resources processes in conformance with IFC PS2 & PS4 and EBRD PR2 & PR4 provisions and regarding the matters of employees’s associations. mass negotiations, no discrimination and presenting equal opportunities, savings in amounts of personnel, child worker, working by force, unrecorded personnel and third person workers. Mobilization field shall be designed and arranged in conformance with processes and standards related with workers’ accommodation. Occupational health and safety requirements such as determinaton of accidents and work related illnesses, determination of physical, chemical, biological dangers, damage elimination, damage control and prevention shall be followed throughout the construction phase. Dispute mechanism shall be followed in conformance with given IFC PS2 guide. “Management and Monitoring Plan” shall be developed by yhe Contractor. Required trainings shall be given to whole personnel working at the job site in order to prevent occupational accidents. Whenever required, protection equipment shall be used by personnel (helmet. safety shoe. gloves. etc). Warning signs shall be used in related areas. Personnel having high quality education shall be preferred. Construction vehicle drivers shall be trained and certificated. Social opportunities shall be in conformance with technical and hygienic conditions. There shall be infirmary inside the job site. Light injuries shall be treated here and seriously injured personnel shall be forwarded to near hospitals at Manisa downtown. 34 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY Electrical devices shall be regularly controlled and required repair, maintenance and renewal processes shall be executed. Job site shall be properly lightened. 3.9. Cultural Heritage There is no any area in projects field, where is taken place in No. 2863 "Law on Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritag”. Positive opinion letter was recieved from related authorization. 3.10. Traffic Cause of the activities, possible delays and congestion due to a temporary increase may be experienced at traffic flow in the highway network. As well as, where available transport routes cut by construction work, due to the short-term road closures and route changes, transportation may be subject to interruption. In the construction phase of the project, activities which will cause an increase in traffic load, are as follows: Transfer of staffs Transportation and construction materials Use of construction equipment The accommodation needs of the construction staffs will be covered in construction site. The construction and operation phases of the project, in order to reduce the negative impact on traffic load, it will comply with the following points: In order to prevent negative effects on traffic in and around the project site, traffic Management Plan" will be prepared by the investor which will be covered of the construction and operation phases Sub-Contractor shall comply with the Occupational Health and Safety issues. Transportation, which will be held from routes to be agreed with the relevant authorities. The damages where might have been on the roads, will be fixed at least, the road comes its old shape. Investors to get approval for the use of road infrastructure and regular audit subjects, will be in touch with the necessary authorities. the access roads used by construction traffic, it will be required in the application to the relevant authorities for replace the necessary signs. This will be sufficient to prevent deflection the vehicles from the road. Protection of the appropriate speed limits, will be particularly forced throughout residential areas. Transportation and field roads will always be kept in good condition. When the traffic is busy, the vehicles will not hit the roads. During the construction phase, under the responsibility of the Highway 2. Regional Office, the necessry measures shall be taken by the investor for all kind of exit and entry. All hazadous materials during transport- shall be complied with the provisions of the "Regulations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road" Where needed, clear signs, signals and regulate the transition officers shall be placed. Details about the signs and locations will be discussed with the authorities. When the temporary traffic signs are needed. Signs will be replaced 35 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY in a safe and strong form for not to remove quickly. They will be seen and understandable by everyone Construction machinery if necessary to go across the road, to control the flow of traffic, proper supervision and control mechanism shall be provided by the investor. Entry and exit from the residential area shall not be blocked and during construction phase,speed limits shall be determined and implemented. It will be implemented precautions to prevent the mud and and dust transport from the field to the public roads. During construction phase, transportation roads will not pass in school and residential areas. During reversing of moving equipment with limited rear visibility shall be sound alarm. Right of way, site speed limits, vehicle inspection requirements, work rules and procedures will be determined and observance will be provided. During the transportation activities of the project, It shall comply with the provisions of the No. 2918, "Road Traffic Law" "Road Transport Regulations" and "Regulations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road" 36 TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY 4. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT Stakeholder engagement studies on the project began with discussions with relevant governmental agencies prior to the ESIA. Stakeholder participation and has continued during the ESIA period, construction period and operation period. During the ESIA period; The stakeholder engagement plan has been prepared. Advertisements in national and local newspapers regarding stakeholder engagement have been given. By stakeholder participation meeting information about the project and its possible effects have been presented to the stakeholders. Making meetings and surveys, comments have been received from stakeholders. Official opinion about the project has been received by making official correspondences with relevant institutions. Field work has been performed by expert sociologists and the views of stakeholders have been taken during one on one meeting. Draft ESIA report and its annexes, Non-Technical Summary and Stakeholder Engagement Plan shall be opened to the views of stakeholders on its Web site Construction and Operating period; Final ESIA document and attachments, Non-Technical Summary, Stakeholder Engagement Plan and Project Report Forms shall be made available to stakeholders at the owner`s website, at related mukhtar offices and construction site. If necessary, an informative meeting with local people and authorities shall be made. Stakeholder Engagement Plan shall be updated as necessary. Stakeholder Engagement Plan and Grievance Mechanism shall be used at the Communication with stakeholders. Relevant staff shall receive training on Grievance Mechanism. TURCAS BM KUYUCAK JEOTERMAL KUYUCAK GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY 5. MONITORING AND REPORTING PLAN It is required to monitor the performance of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment during construction and operation phases then should be recorded. Environmental and social management applications specified within ESIA Report shall be accepted as main guidelines by Project owner and subcontractors and shall be adopted for the related activities of the Project. An Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP) has been prepared for the Project. The objective of ESMMP which has been prepared in conformance with national legal framework and International standards and guidelines is to determine basic management and monitoring activities during the design (Project preparation), construction and operation phases of the Project. Plan has been developed according to preventive and reducing measures mentioned in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for possible negative environmental and social impacts of the Project. The Management and Monitoring Plan includes the following information; Environmental and Social Impacts Legal framework Project phases Details of preventive measures Responsible executor Monitoring frequency and method Objective and assessment criteria Whenever required, internal audit, independent audit, field controls, questionnaire studies, grievance forms and environmental measurement / analysis methods shall be used under the scope of monitoring activities. The monitoring studies and outcomes shall be stored and shall be made available to shareholders whenever requested. The responsibility of accomplishment of practices mentioned in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report and Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan belongs to the Project owner. Project owner shall supply necessary resources and personnel for these implementations.