RESILIENT CITIES Reducing urban risk Cities are growing rapidly. Urban areas are adding 1.4 million people every week, and more than half of the land projected to be urban by 2030 has not yet been developed. The decisions that cities make now about land use, investment, and infrastructure will cast a long shadow, affecting resilience for years to come. By helping cities avoid losses, and citizens avoid sliding into poverty, improved urban resilience can safeguard development gains for future generations. WHAT WE DO 90% of urban growth is taking place in the developing world. The program helps World Bank task teams work with cities to better manage ongoing stresses and prepare for, withstand, and recover from acute shocks, such as disasters. 77 million people could fall into poverty The program helps develop tools and knowledge that by 2030 without investment in help decision-makers and municipal leaders determine urban resilience how to reform policies, and where and how to invest to increase their city’s resilience The program offers assistance that cuts across sectors, $1.1 trillion taking a broad, inclusive approach to the highly The annual cost to make required urban infrastructure interrelated challenges that cities face. investments low-emissions and climate-resilient runs from $400 million to $1.1 trillion. Published November 2017 1 OUR APPROACH Designing Leveraging Building Tools, Sharing The World Bank Partnerships Knowledge The initiative aims to increase Partnerships with other the quantity and quality of World international organizations, GFDRR develops new tools, Bank engagements in urban cities, and operational partners methodologies, and knowledge resilience. are a key part of making cities on urban resilience for decision- around the world able to makers. These knowledge products withstand shocks and stresses. help municipal leaders decide how »» Investing in Urban Resilience is to invest resources and reform a joint GFDRR/World Bank Group policies to best build and maintain report that sets out how the »» The Medellin Collaboration resilience. They also fill gaps in our World Bank Group can facilitate brings together 10 organizations, current global knowledge about and encourage greater public- including GFDRR, the World Bank, how to approach the problems that and private-sector investment in UN-Habitat, UNISDR, the Inter- growing cities face. urban resilience. American Development Bank, and Rockefeller 100 Resilient Cities. »» GFDRR provided an initial $1.5 Since 2014, these organizations »» The CityStrength Diagnostic million to scale up the City have been sharing knowledge and helps urban stakeholders Resilience Program (CRP), coordinating their work to help understand what risks threaten which aims to consolidate the cities boost their resilience. their cities and how to reduce World Bank Group’s urban them. The diagnostic identifies engagements across sectors. By »» The Rockefeller Foundation’s 100 the main risks in key sectors providing a platform for all city- Resilient Cities initiative partners and helps decision-makers look level reforms and investments with participating cities to develop across all sectors to prioritize that build resilience, whether and implement a holistic strategy to investments and action. in infrastructure, governance, build physical, social, and economic or finance, CRP aims to foster a resilience. GFDRR’s partnership »» Strong, well-enforced building more integrated, comprehensive helps ensure coordinated efforts codes can protect lives and approach. To better address in cities where both 100 Resilience property from both disasters significant investment needs, CRP Cities and the World Bank are and chronic, ongoing stresses. also works to raise capital from engaged, and leverages our global The Building Regulation for sources beyond the World Bank experience to assist cities in their Resilience Program works Group, including private sector roadmap to resilience. to reduce risk by improving finance, institutional investors, building standards and their other multilateral development »» The Cities Alliance helps fund and implementation. The program banks, and donors. implement a Joint Work Program partners with national and on Urban Resilience, drawn up municipal stakeholders to by the Medellin Collaboration, of determine how to improve resilience activities that members building standards, better apply can pursue together. The Alliance building codes, and encourage has also helped the World increased compliance. Bank Group further develop, in partnership with the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, a climate change action planning tool for cities. 2 STORIES Can Tho, Vietnam With a growing population of more than 1.2 million, Can Tho sits on the banks of the Hậu River. The largest city and main commerce hub in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta region, which is home to more than 17 million people. But increased industrialization and urbanization have placed greater stress on existing electricity and transportation systems, which are vulnerable to disaster, especially seasonal flooding, which can last for weeks. Can Tho’s development is also threatened by rising sea levels and the potential that the land it rests on will sink in the coming years. In June 2014, the city invited a team of World Bank specialists working with local officials, technical staff, and stakeholders, to carry out a CityStrength Diagnostic. The Diagnostic, which identifies priorities for investment and areas for action to build resilience, recommended ways for Can Tho to address both flooding and uncontrolled urbanization. By more proactively guiding urban growth to areas with lower flood risk, including the higher elevation areas near the heart of the city, Can Tho would be able to protect development progress and save lives. The result was the $250 million Can Tho Urban Development and Resilience project. The project aims to reduce flood risk, improve connectivity between the city center and the new, low-risk urban growth areas, and enhance the capacity of city authorities to manage disaster risk. With $10 million in support from the Switzerland State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), Can Tho can build its capacity to manage risk and respond to disasters when they occur. In addition to currently being part of the 100 Resilience Cities initiative, Can Tho continues to benefit from GFDRR technical support that aims to strengthen the city’s resilience to climate change through improved flood risk management. 3 ACTIVE ENGAGEMENTS ENGAGEMENT LEVEL $500,000 and less $500,100–$1,499,900 $1,500,000+ MOROCCO HAITI DOMINICAN REPUBLIC SURINAME Growing Cities, Growing Needs, ARGENTINA Growing Support As urban areas expand and disaster risk rises, cities are increasingly interested in integrating resilience into their development plans. GFDRR support has played a critical role in expanding efforts to advance urban resilience as a critical element of sustainable development. Recently, a series of high-quality technical assistance and analytical work by GFDRR, along with continued demand from cities, has brought urban resilience into the spotlight. As a result, the World Bank Group is doubling down on urban resilience, committing to more engagements and to leveraging private capital to expand resilience efforts. Preparations for operational engagements are currently underway in 12 cities. With GFDRR support, the World Bank has committed to leveraging $10 billion in private capital to build urban resilience through comprehensive investment programs in 50 cities over the next decade. 4 KAZAKHSTAN ARMENIA UZBEKISTAN LEBANON KYRGYZ REPUBLIC NEPAL TUNISIA AFGHANISTAN IRAQ CHINA JORDAN BANGLADESH LAOS PAKISTAN EGYPT MYANMAR INDIA YEMEN VIETNAM KIRIBATI SRI LANKA PHILIPPINES INDONESIA MADAGASCAR TONGA Next Steps »» Scale-up the City Resilience Program Multi-Donor Trust Fund: Starting with an initial contribution of $9 million from the Switzerland State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), GFDRR will continue to work towards raising its $50 million target in support of the City Resilience Program. »» Continue to support growing demand for technical assistance and knowledge products through the City Resilience Program, the Building Regulation for Resilience program, and regional engagements. »» Highlight lessons learned through the evaluation of previous projects, focusing on early results and factors enabling success. 5 STORIES Dhaka, Bangladesh Dakar, Senegal Dhaka, Bangladesh’s densely-populated megacity capital of For low-income residents of Senegal’s cities, flooding is a 14.3 million, is not only vulnerable to floods and cyclones, problem. As cities have expanded, informal settlements but to earthquakes as well. About 350,000 migrants move to have sprung up in low-lying areas on their outskirts, built the city each year, leaving land-use planning regulation and on soil with low rates of water absorption. Without drainage emergency response lagging behind. systems, and with access to sanitation services for only 39% of these settlements, flooding can be not only disruptive, but With technical assistance from GFDRR, more than 40 deadly. stakeholders from government ministries and agencies have come together to research the state of seismic risk and In 2008, GFDRR supported a risk assessment and Senegal’s emergency response. These efforts laid the foundation for first-ever Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) to lay the the Bangladesh Urban Resilience Project, a $175 million groundwork for smart investments in resilience. The PDNA’s World Bank-financed project that benefits approximately 17 recommendations resulted in the creation of the Storm million residents in Dhaka and Sylhet. Water Management and Climate Change Adaptation Project (PROGEP). With support and $70 million in financing from By assessing the vulnerability of critical infrastructure, the the World Bank, the Nordic Development Fund, and the project is working to better guide investments in retrofitting. Global Environment Fund, PROGEP is tackling the causes of The project is tackling resilience from the planning stages, Senegal’s flooding problem. by improving construction practices to take disaster risk into consideration during development planning, and reforming A drainage and reservoir system now protects nearly 100,000 the process for gaining clearance for land use, zoning, and people and more than 400 hectares from flooding, while new construction. New facilities and equipment are boosting a drainage master plan for near-urban areas covers more the cities’ capacity to respond in an emergency, so that than 60% of Dakar’s population. To reduce the underlying when a disaster does strike, the government will not only be risk of floods, the project includes the design of drainage prepared, but ready to respond. channels for year-round use, which will significantly lower the groundwater level. With sea levels projected to rise up to one meter by the end of the century, putting more than 100,000 people at risk, GFDRR and Dakar are also looking ahead to the future. They are working together to integrate climate risks into urban planning and management, map out flood-prone areas, and empower locals and community groups to engage in flood- risk reduction measures and climate change adaptation. 6 Istanbul, Turkey Istanbul’s foundations, and its 15 million residents, rest on the North Anatolian Fault. In 1999, the 7.1 magnitude Marmara earthquake, with its epicenter in northwest Turkey, killed more than 17,000 people and caused $5 billion in damage. To prevent a similar disaster from decimating the city in the future, Istanbul has worked to increase its resilience to earthquakes, enhancing seismic preparedness and retrofitting and reconstructing critical public buildings. GFDRR technical assistance has been a key component in the Istanbul Seismic Risk Mitigation Project (ISMEP), a $1.5 billion operation that brings together financing from the World Bank, European Investment Bank, the Council of Europe Development Bank, and the Islamic Development Bank. Over the course of the project, more than 1,000 public buildings were made more resilient to earthquakes – including schools that serve more than 1.1 million students and teachers, and hospitals and clinics that serve nearly 8.7 million patients annually. In addition to strengthening infrastructure, the project also increased institutional and human capacity: Nearly 700,000 people were trained in disaster preparedness, more than 3,600 civil engineers were trained in Turkey’s seismic retrofitting code, and 5.5 million citizens were reached through a Public Awareness and Neighborhood Community Volunteers program. These efforts put disaster resilience in the spotlight for ordinary citizens and officials alike. “The ISMEP project’s holistic approach addresses many aspects of disaster management, including softer elements such as public awareness. Through this project, we have made great progress in Istanbul that would have been otherwise difficult.” —Gökay Atilla Bostan, Istanbul AFAD Director 7 GFDRR Engagement Notes Urban Resilience gfdrr.org/urban-resilience Contact Josef Leitmann jleitmann@worldbank.org CITY RESILIENCE PROGRAM: Marc Forni mforni@worldbank.org BUILDING REGULATION FOR RESILIENCE PROGRAM: Thomas Moullier Thomas Moullier The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) is a global partnership that helps developing countries better understand and reduce their vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change. GFDRR is a grant-funding mechanism, managed by the World Bank, that supports disaster risk management projects worldwide. Working on the ground with over 400 local, national, regional, and international partners, GFDRR provides knowledge, funding, and technical assistance. Published November 2017