This brief summarizes the updates from the 2014 paper entitled, The heterogeneous effects of HIV testing, Welfare impacts of rural electrification : evidence from Vietnam, conducted between between 2009 and 2010 in Malawi.
... Exibir mais + The study observed the effects of learning one's HIV status on subsequent risky sexual behaviors. However, many of these studies rely on non-experimental designs; use self-reported outcome measures, or both. This study investigates the effects of a randomly assigned home based HIV testing and counseling (HTC) intervention on risky sexual behaviors and schooling investments among school-age females in Malawi. The study finds no overall effects on HIV, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-2), or achievement test scores at follow-up. However, among the small group of individuals who tested positive for HIV, a large increase in the probability of contracting HSV-2 is found, with this effect stronger among those surprised by their test results. Similarly, those surprised by HIV-negative test results see a significant improvement in achievement test scores, consistent with increased returns to investments in human capital. The finding of increased HSV-2 prevalence among HIV-positive individuals suggests that the conventional wisdom that those who learn they are HIV-positive will adopt safer sexual practices should be treated with caution.
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An extensive multi-disciplinary literature examines the effects of learning one's HIV status on subsequent risky sexual behaviors. However, many of these studies rely on non-experimental designs; use self-reported outcome measures, or both.
... Exibir mais + This study investigates the effects of a randomly assigned home based HIV testing and counseling (HTC) intervention on risky sexual behaviors and schooling investments among school-age females in Malawi. The study finds no overall effects on HIV, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-2), or achievement test scores at follow-up. However, among the small group of individuals who tested positive for HIV, a large increase in the probability of contracting HSV-2 is found, with this effect stronger among those surprised by their test results. Similarly, those surprised by HIV-negative test results see a significant improvement in achievement test scores, consistent with increased returns to investments in human capital. The finding of increased HSV-2 prevalence among HIV-positive individuals suggests that the conventional wisdom that those who learn they are HIV-positive will adopt safer sexual practices should be treated with caution.
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Documento de trabalho sobre pesquisa de políticas WPS6823 MAR 01, 2014
Transactional sex is believed to be an important risk-coping mechanism for women in Sub-Saharan Africa and a leading contributor to the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
... Exibir mais + This paper uses data from a panel of women in rural Tanzania whose primary occupation is agriculture. The analysis finds that following a negative shock (such as food insecurity), unmarried women are about three times more likely to have been paid for sex. Regardless of marital status, after a shock women have more unprotected sex and are 36 percent more likely to have a sexually transmitted infection. These empirical findings support the claims that transactional sex is not confined to commercial sex workers and that frequently experienced shocks, such as food insecurity, may lead women to engage in transactional sex as a risk-coping behavior.
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Documento de trabalho sobre pesquisa de políticas WPS6751 JAN 01, 2014
de Walque, Damien; Dow, William H.; Gong, ErickDisclosed
The authors evaluated the use of conditional cash transfers as an HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention strategy to incentivize safe sex.
... Exibir mais + An unblinded, individually randomised and controlled trial. 10 villages within the Kilombero and Ulanga districts of the Ifakara Health and Demographic Surveillance System in rural south-west Tanzania. We designed and evaluated a novel intervention that tests for risky sexual behavior repeatedly over short time intervals, reinforcing learning about safer behavior with cash transfer incentives conditional on testing negative for a set of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs). After 12 months, the results from the adjusted model showed a significant reduction in the combined point prevalence of the four curable STIs tested every 4 months by nucleic acid amplification tests in the group that was eligible for the $20 payments, but no such reduction was found for the group receiving the $10 payments. The results suggest that conditional cash transfers used to incentivize safer sexual practices are a potentially promising new tool in HIV and STIs prevention. Additional larger study would be useful to clarify the effect size, to calibrate the size of the incentive and to determine whether the intervention can be delivered cost effectively.
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Artigo de revista 102459 DEC 19, 2011
De Walque,Damien B. C. M.; William H Dow; Nathan,Rose; Ramadhani Abdul; Faraji Abilahi; Gong,Erick Joseph; Isdahl,Zachary; Jamison,Julian C; Boniphace Jullu; Krishnan,Suneeta; Albert Majura; Miguel,Edward A.; Jeanne Moncada; Sally Mtenga; Mathew Alexander Mwanyangala; Packel,Laura Jane; Julius Schachter; Kizito Shirima; Medlin,Carol AnnDisclosed
