The work examines the state of CF (community forestry) and community forest enterprises (CFE) in Myanmar, assessing their impacts, exploring the challenges to and opportunities for their upscaling, and from these putting forward a series of recommendations to ensure that the program sustainably delivers for forest communities as well as Myanmar as a whole.
... Exibir mais + The main findings include : strong legal foundations provide significant opportunities to increase the impact of CF and CFE, significant interest and goodwill for CF and CFE among relevant stakeholders further underlines these opportunities, and from an economic perspective, CF and CFE have the potential for significant returns at community to national levels; there are already notable examples of this potential leading to results. A great deal of CF in 2019 is about its potential. There is a strong legal foundation, a growing area of forests under community management, a substantial amount of goodwill, and a growing pool of skilled and knowledgeable champions ready to pass on their learning and prospective for significant economic, environmental, and social returns based on these foundations. However, further investment is required to get over the threshold from potential to tangible and sustainable impacts.
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Fisheries and aquaculture make a significant contribution to Myanmar's economy. The fisheries sector contributes roughly 2 percent of Myanmar's gross domestic product (GDP), 50 percent of animal protein consumption, 6 percent of employment—rising to as high as 34 percent in some coastal areas—and up to 56 percent of state/regional government revenue.
... Exibir mais + Marine fisheries, freshwater fisheries, and aquaculture contribute to production in roughly equal proportions, for a total annual production of 3 million tons. Fisheries' contributions to economic output and employment in Myanmar still lag behind other countries in the region. For instance, the aquaculture sector alone contributes more to the GDP of Bangladesh and Vietnam (at more than 3 percent and more than 5 percent, respectively) than the entire fisheries sector's contribution to GDP in Myanmar. There is a scarcity of scientific data on which to base the management of Myanmar's fisheries. Official catch estimates show an inexorable rise in marine fisheries' production, but these are contradicted by stock assessment data suggesting that between 1979 and 2013 pelagic stocks fell by as much as 90 percent and demersal stocks by around 50 percent.
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Myanmar's forest and timber sector has been central to the country's economy and society, particularly over the last century. Myanmar's forests contain some of the most valued species in the world—particularly rosewood, ironwood, and teak.
... Exibir mais + Myanmar also has one of the most longstanding forest management systems in the tropics. Today, despite reduced timber extraction revenues, wood industry still generates over 8 percent of formal government revenues. Beyond timber, rural society largely depends on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and agroforestry for food, medicine, and wood fuel, which is by far the most important energy source in rural Myanmar, with between 60 percent and 80 percent of communities relying on this source. Some of Myanmar's forests also form some of the world's most critically important biodiversity 'hotspots'. Despite all of the progress made, there is still a lot of room for improvement and for higher ambition. The report analyzes the underlying challenges, builds on international best practice, and makes recommendations. Some of the recommendations include : create delivery mechanisms to scale up CF within the PFE, despite high degradation of production forests, sustainable forest management is still viable in some areas but needs a critical stock-taking effort, promote enabling environment for private plantations, increase protected forests area to 10 percent of total land area, and to implement the challenging reform process, the FD will need additional skills, budget, technology support, and civil society support.
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Myanmar's forest and timber sector has been central to the country's economy and society, particularly over the last century. Myanmar's forests contain some of the most valued species in the world—particularly rosewood, ironwood, and teak.
... Exibir mais + Myanmar also has one of the most longstanding forest management systems in the tropics. Today, despite reduced timber extraction revenues, wood industry still generates over 8 percent of formal government revenues. Beyond timber, rural society largely depends on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and agroforestry for food, medicine, and wood fuel, which is by far the most important energy source in rural Myanmar, with between 60 percent and 80 percent of communities relying on this source. Some of Myanmar's forests also form some of the world's most critically important biodiversity 'hotspots'. Despite all of the progress made, there is still a lot of room for improvement and for higher ambition. The report analyzes the underlying challenges, builds on international best practice, and makes recommendations. Some of the recommendations include : create delivery mechanisms to scale up CF within the PFE, despite high degradation of production forests, sustainable forest management is still viable in some areas but needs a critical stock-taking effort, promote enabling environment for private plantations, increase protected forests area to 10 percent of total land area, and to implement the challenging reform process, the FD will need additional skills, budget, technology support, and civil society support.
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Myanmar is rich in natural resources and is a global biodiversity hotspot. Myanmar's forests and fishing industry are two significant contributors to the economy, and yet these sectors are also potentially under threat from over exploitation and mismanagement.
... Exibir mais + The management of solid waste, air pollution, and the use of plastics provides another growing challenge. In addition, the role of government and other stakeholders in the management of these sectors and issues is central to whether the government will succeed in reversing the current trends and be able to find a long-term sustainable solution to the problem. This report explores the issues and challenges faced and the legal and institutional context. Through a lens of poverty reduction, social inclusion and participation, and economic growth, the report tells a story of an urgent need for institutional support and reform, improvements in the enforcement against illegal extraction of resources, behavior change in all relevant stakeholders, institutional capacity building, increased funding, and improvements in data collection and analysis. If these recommendations are acted on, then Myanmar can reverse the negative trends and lead its environment on a path toward a more sustainable future.
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Myanmar is rich in natural resources and is a global biodiversity hotspot. Myanmar's forests and fishing industry are two significant contributors to the economy, and yet these sectors are also potentially under threat from over exploitation and mismanagement.
... Exibir mais + The management of solid waste, air pollution, and the use of plastics provides another growing challenge. In addition, the role of government and other stakeholders in the management of these sectors and issues is central to whether the government will succeed in reversing the current trends and be able to find a long-term sustainable solution to the problem. This report explores the issues and challenges faced and the legal and institutional context. Through a lens of poverty reduction, social inclusion and participation, and economic growth, the report tells a story of an urgent need for institutional support and reform, improvements in the enforcement against illegal extraction of resources, behavior change in all relevant stakeholders, institutional capacity building, increased funding, and improvements in data collection and analysis. If these recommendations are acted on, then Myanmar can reverse the negative trends and lead its environment on a path toward a more sustainable future.
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Myanmar is rich in natural resources and is a global biodiversity hotspot. Myanmar's forests and fishing industry are two significant contributors to the economy, and yet these sectors are also potentially under threat from over exploitation and mismanagement.
... Exibir mais + The management of solid waste, air pollution, and the use of plastics provides another growing challenge. In addition, the role of government and other stakeholders in the management of these sectors and issues is central to whether the government will succeed in reversing the current trends and be able to find a long-term sustainable solution to the problem. This report explores the issues and challenges faced and the legal and institutional context. Through a lens of poverty reduction, social inclusion and participation, and economic growth, the report tells a story of an urgent need for institutional support and reform, improvements in the enforcement against illegal extraction of resources, behavior change in all relevant stakeholders, institutional capacity building, increased funding, and improvements in data collection and analysis. If these recommendations are acted on, then Myanmar can reverse the negative trends and lead its environment on a path toward a more sustainable future.
Exibir menos -
Myanmar is rich in natural resources and is a global biodiversity hotspot. Myanmar's forests and fishing industry are two significant contributors to the economy, and yet these sectors are also potentially under threat from over exploitation and mismanagement.
... Exibir mais + The management of solid waste, air pollution, and the use of plastics provides another growing challenge. In addition, the role of government and other stakeholders in the management of these sectors and issues is central to whether the government will succeed in reversing the current trends and be able to find a long-term sustainable solution to the problem. This report explores the issues and challenges faced and the legal and institutional context. Through a lens of poverty reduction, social inclusion and participation, and economic growth, the report tells a story of an urgent need for institutional support and reform, improvements in the enforcement against illegal extraction of resources, behavior change in all relevant stakeholders, institutional capacity building, increased funding, and improvements in data collection and analysis. If these recommendations are acted on, then Myanmar can reverse the negative trends and lead its environment on a path toward a more sustainable future.
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