This paper presents an analysis of transit accessibility to employment for 11 African cities. The use of identical methodologies and similar data sets allows for the creation of the first benchmark to compare accessibility across urban areas in Africa through different metrics and visuals.
... Exibir mais + The study shows how the spatial pattern of land use and transport systems perform in connecting people to employment opportunities in these various settings. This first comparable benchmark is achieved by overcoming two significant data hurdles that are common in many developing country cities and in Africa in particular: (i) the scarcity of information on the distribution of employment and (ii) the lack of information on transit routes and travel times. These data gaps are filled through a novel methodology to estimate the distribution of employment in urban areas (Employment Opportunity Areas) as well as a comprehensive mapping of informal transit networks. The analysis developed here can be replicated in different cities in the future. The computation of these baseline accessibility studies also opens up the possibility to assess the impacts of future transport investments and/or land use changes, through the use of counterfactual scenarios, which could assist decision makers in these cities. Finally, this analysis can serve as a demonstration that the computation of accessibility metrics is achievable, including in data scarce environments, and should be considered as a progress indicator for Sustainable Development Goal 11.2, which focuses on safe and affordable transport for all, including public transport.
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Documento de trabalho sobre pesquisa de políticas WPS8971 AUG 08, 2019
Rural accessibility is the only metric used in the Sustainable Development Goals to track progress toward better transport services in low- and middle-income countries.
... Exibir mais + This paper estimates the rural accessibility index, defined as the proportion of the rural population who live within 2 kilometers of an all-season road, in 166 countries using open data. It then explores the cost of increasing the rural accessibility index in 19 countries, using an algorithm that prioritizes rural roads investments based on their impact on rural access and connectivity. Investment costs quickly balloon as the rural accessibility index increases, questioning the affordability of universal access to paved roads for many countries by 2030. If countries spent 1 percent of their gross domestic product annually on the upgrade of rural roads, even under optimistic assumptions on growth of gross domestic product, rural accessibility would only increase from 39 to 52 percent by 2030 across all developing countries. Alternative solutions to rural integration must thus be implemented in the short run until countries can afford to increase significantly access to all weather roads. For example, drones that supply regular food and medicine supply to remote communities are much more affordable than roads in the short term.
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Documento de trabalho sobre pesquisa de políticas WPS8746 FEB 19, 2019
Mikou,Mehdi; Rozenberg,Julie; Koks,Elco Eduard; Fox,Charles James Edward; Peralta Quiros,TatianaDisclosed
Trade and transport bottlenecks were identified as key impediments contributing to high transport costs and poor reliability of supply chains, thereby raising the cost of doing business and ultimately diverting potential investments and jobs from the Western Balkans (WB).
... Exibir mais + Addressing these impediments which include physical bottlenecks as well as non-physical barriers is critical to regional integration and necessitates the implementation of significant improvements on transport corridors. Estimated roughly at about €8,140 million, which is about 5 percent of the total regional GDP for the period 2014-2020, these investment needs constitute a large financial burden on the budget of the governments in the Western Balkan region and therefore require careful planning and prioritization of projects aligned with available financing from national, European Union (EU) and private resources. The countries of the Western Balkans, however, lack adequate monitoring systems needed to assess the performance of the key corridors/routes of the regional transport network, therefore limiting the ability to identify priority projects to upgrade and improve connectivity within the region and to the broader EU area. To address this gap and to improve the performance of trade and transport corridors in the Western Balkans, the World Bank initiated a pilot project (phase one) in 2015 to measure and monitor corridor performance in the region with a focus on automated transport data collection and data integration, and to develop a conceptual design for an ICT-based pilot system. Corridor Vc, which runs north-south through Bosnia and Herzegovina, linking the northern border to the Port of Place in Croatia, was selected as the pilot corridor for measuring and monitoring performance. This report deals with phase two of the project to build on phase one by developing relevant performance metrics, expand system capabilities to develop the prototype for a Corridor Performance Measurement and Monitoring (CPMM) System for Corridor Vc, and to propose a detailed roadmap for rolling out the system to corridors and routes in the rest of the Western Balkans.
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Transport connectivity is essential to sustain inclusive growth in developing countries, where many rural populations and businesses are still considered to be unconnected to the domestic, regional, or global market.
... Exibir mais + The Rural Access Index is among the most important global indicators for measuring people’s transport accessibility in rural areas where the majority of the poor live. A new method to calculate the Rural Access Index was recently developed using spatial data and techniques. The characteristics of subnational Rural Access Index estimates were investigated in eight countries: Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Nepal, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. It was found that for the countries in Africa, road density and road condition are important determinants of the Rural Access Index. For the South Asian countries, improvement of road condition is particularly relevant. The evidence suggests that significant resources are likely to be required to achieve universal access through rehabilitating the existing road network and expanding the road network.
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Documento de trabalho sobre pesquisa de políticas WPS7876 NOV 02, 2016
Cities have long held a central place of importance in society as hubs of commerce, culture, and political power. Because of climate change, however, the clustering together of large numbers of people and high levels of economic activity also creates vulnerabilities.
... Exibir mais + In Romania, where the urbanization rate is roughly 55 percent, the Government of Romania has commissioned this advisory services report from the World Bank to explore how to operationalize an urban climate strategy within the structure of the European Union's new 2014-2020 operating program. This report presents the results for the rapid assessment of the current state of (and opportunities for improved) urban climate planning in Romania; what is known about how cities in Romania contribute to climate change; and how cities in Romania will be affected by climate change. To complete this rapid assessment, the World Bank team relied on an extensive literature review and in-person, semi-structured interviews with more than two dozen central and local government officials, private sector experts, academics, and civil society organizations knowledgeable about climate change topics in Romania. The depth of this rapid assessment was necessarily limited by the short time frame available to carry out the research, and by data gaps on local climate planning activities, local greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels, and the climate risks faced by cities around Romania.
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Cities have long held a central place of importance in society as hubs of commerce, culture, and political power. Because of climate change, however, the clustering together of large numbers of people and high levels of economic activity also creates vulnerabilities.
... Exibir mais + In Romania, where the urbanization rate is roughly 55 percent, the Government of Romania has commissioned this advisory services report from the World Bank to explore how to operationalize an urban climate strategy within the structure of the European Union's new 2014-2020 operating program. This report presents the results for the rapid assessment of the current state of (and opportunities for improved) urban climate planning in Romania; what is known about how cities in Romania contribute to climate change; and how cities in Romania will be affected by climate change. To complete this rapid assessment, the World Bank team relied on an extensive literature review and in-person, semi-structured interviews with more than two dozen central and local government officials, private sector experts, academics, and civil society organizations knowledgeable about climate change topics in Romania. The depth of this rapid assessment was necessarily limited by the short time frame available to carry out the research, and by data gaps on local climate planning activities, local greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels, and the climate risks faced by cities around Romania.
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