Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) nightlights are used to model damage caused by earthquakes, floods, and typhoons in five Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam).
... Exibir mais + The data are used to examine the extent to which for each type of hazard there is a difference in nightlight intensity between affected and nonaffected cells based on (i) case studies of specific disasters, and (ii) fixed effect regression models akin to the double difference method to determine any effect that the different natural hazards might have had on the nightlight value. The results show little to no significance regardless of the methodology used, most likely due to noise in the nightlight data and the fact that the tropics have only a few days per month with no cloud cover.
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Documento de trabalho sobre pesquisa de políticas WPS9052 OCT 31, 2019
The development objective of the Second Phase of the Hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) Phase-Out Project for Thailand is to contribute to reducing HCFC consumption in Thailand.
... Exibir mais + Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) the enterprises should ensure that their employee receive adequate trainings to build awareness, knowledge, and skill for a safe working condition; (2) personal protective equipment (PPEs) shall be provided and strictly enforced for staff working in the foam spraying area; (3) storage and disposal of wastes including scrap spray polyurethane (PU) foam, liquid spray PU foam component chemicals, and empty drums must comply with the requirements specified in the manual for the storage of hazardous substances; (4) install suction fan, provide temporary air opening, where possible to improve ventilation and air circulation of working areas; (5) the chemical storage area should comply with the laws and regulations on fire prevention and suppression systems, such as the installation of movable fire extinguishers, etc. and follow the manual for the storage of hazardous chemicals; (6) safety inspections and assessments before and after the use of machines and equipment in the foam injection process should be carried out; (7) employers must have a safety plan and measures for employees who work in such conditions including install ventilation equipment, provide mask and breathing apparatus, and oxygen measuring instruments, and other necessary PPEs to prevent injury or incident at work place; (8) in case of spraying foam in hot areas such as on the roof or under the roof especially in the summer, employers must provide protection from hot air hazards, such as proper work clothes, providing adequate clean drinking water, and periodic breaks; (9) vehicles that transport chemicals from the company to the work site must consider requirements on safety of chemical transportation where relevant, such as vehicles must be able to prevent the leakage of chemicals into the environment and there are signs or markings showing the loading of hazardous materials attached to the vehicle clearly; and (10) proper storage for isocyanate because isocyanate can react with moisture or water to product carbon dioxide resulting in high pressure in a drum.
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The Thai civil registration (CR) system was established two centuries ago. Over the past four decades, the system has changed from a manual, paper-based registration system to a centralized, electronic, online system.
... Exibir mais + A unique identification number (UIN) system was implemented in 1982, along with a computerized CR database system. The Thai citizen identification card has evolved along with the two systems from a paper card to an integrated circuit–chip smart card. All provincial-, district-, and municipality-level registration offices are linked online to the central CR system database. Thailand’s vital statistics (VS) system has improved since 1996, when the CR system began feeding electronic birth and death data directly into the VS management system. VS reports are now up to date, of good quality, and available for use by any agency that needs them. Thailand declared its universal health coverage (UHC) policy in 2001. Health insurance coverage was expanded to all Thais through the Universal Coverage Scheme. The use of UINs and CR databases has enabled and facilitated rapid enrollment of beneficiaries and improved the beneficiary registries of all three of the country’s major insurance plans. All Thais are entitled to coverage from one of these plans. The use of UINs and personal demographic information from the CR system significantly improved the quality of health care information and provider payment systems. Misuse of UINs and personal information in CR is threatening the integrity of the UIN and central CR databases. New initiatives by the Thai government, such as the National Digital Identification Platform project, are ongoing to expand e-government and private services and to prevent the misuse of personal information and personal identity challenges.
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The Thailand Economic Monitor consists of two parts. Part 1 reviews recent economic developments, examines the country's macroeconomic outlook, and analyzes the impact of key policy changes.
... Exibir mais + Part 2 focuses on a specific subject with critical implications for Thailand's long-term growth prospects. This edition analyzes the power of financial technology (fintech) to support financial inclusion, a key element of the 20-Year National Strategy.
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The Thailand Economic Monitor consists of two parts. Part 1 reviews recent economic developments, examines the country's macroeconomic outlook, and analyzes the impact of key policy changes.
... Exibir mais + Part 2 focuses on a specific subject with critical implications for Thailand's long-term growth prospects. This edition analyzes the power of financial technology (fintech) to support financial inclusion, a key element of the 20-Year National Strategy.
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This assessment of the implementation of the BCP by the BOT is part of the FSAP undertaken by the IMF and the World Bank. The assessment was performed October 25 through November 16, 2018 and is based on the regulatory and supervisory framework in place at the time of this visit.
... Exibir mais + Compliance was measured against standards issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) in 2012.1 Since the previous assessment, conducted in 2008, the BCP standards have been revised and reflect the international consensus for minimum standards based on global experience. The view is that supervision should be based on a process involving well-defined requirements, supervisory onsite and offsite determination of compliance with requirements and risk assessments, and a strong program of enforcement and corrective action and sanctions. The 2012 revision placed increased emphasis on corporate governance, on supervisors conducting reviews to determine compliance with regulatory requirements, and on thoroughly understanding the risk profile of banks and the banking system. The assessors appreciated the high quality of cooperation received from the authorities. The mission extends its thanks to the staff of the BOT for its excellent cooperation and hospitality. The BOT provided a comprehensive and detailed self-assessment and granted access to supervisory manuals, onsite inspection reports, monitoring reports, and risk assessments.
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While Thailand’s pension system is typically described as a multipillar pension scheme, its design is highly fragmented and offers adequate coverage only to a small segment of the population, including civil servants and high-income individuals.
... Exibir mais + In its 2018 Article IV report, the IMF highlighted the need for a broader pension reform, including parametric changes and ender inclusivepolicies to improve female labor force participation and attenuate the impact of aging on productivity growth. While these reforms are needed, private pensions can also play a role inimproving retirement income for individuals. As agreed with the Thai authorities, this technical note provides an assessment of the private, funded components of the pension system. A key component assessed is the voluntary provident fund scheme (PVD). The PVD scheme is voluntary and operates as a tax-incentivized scheme, which allows both employers and employees to take advantage of generous tax benefits for savings for retirement. This note also addresses the challenges of the private, funded system and proposes policy recommendations for increasing coverage, improving efficiency, and delivering sustainable retirement income in the payout phase. This note is organized as follows. The next section provides a brief description of the current overall pension system, public and private; Section III provides a diagnostic of the main challenges in the private, funded system; and Section IV provides recommendations for optimizing the design of the private, funded pension system. The focus of the note is to improve the incentive structure of the private, funded pension scheme.
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This report contains the assessments of BAHTNET and TSD based on the PFMI. The assessment was undertaken in the context of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) of Thailand in November 2018.
... Exibir mais + The assessors were Gynedi Srinivas and Dorothee Delort of the World Bank’s Payment Systems Development Group. The assessors would like to thank the Thai counterparts for their excellent cooperation and generous hospitality. The objective of the assessment was to identify potential risks related to the FMIs that may affect financial stability. While safe and efficient FMIs contribute to maintaining and promoting financial stability and economic growth, they may also concentrate risk. If not properly managed, FMIs can be sources of financial shocks, such as liquidity dislocations and credit losses, or a major channel through which these shocks are transmitted across domestic and international financial markets. The scope of the assessment includes two main FMIs as well as the authorities in Thailand responsible for regulation, supervision, and oversight of FMIs. BAHTNET and TSD are assessed against all relevant principles of the PFMI. The authorities, the BOT and the SEC, are assessed using the responsibilities for authorities of FMIs.
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