Iran and the Permanent Members of the UN Security Council and Germany (P5 1) reached a deal on July 14, 2015 that limits Iranian nuclear activity in return for lifting all international sanctions that were placed on Iran.
... Exibir mais + This issue of the MENA Quarterly Economic Brief traces the economic effects of removing sanctions on Iran on the world oil market, on Iran’s trading partners, and on the Iranian economy. The most significant change will be Iran’s return to the oil market. Secondly, once sanctions and restrictions on financial transactions are relaxed, Iran’s trade, which had both declined in absolute terms and shifted away from Europe towards Asia and the Middle East, will expand. Thirdly, the Iranian economy, which was in recession for two years, will receive a major boost from increased oil revenues and lower trade costs. In addition, there are estimates that Iran holds about $107 billion worth of frozen assets overseas, of which an estimated $29 billion will be released immediately after sanctions removal. Finally, foreign direct investment, which had declined by billions of dollars following the tightening of sanctions in 2012, is expected to pick up. With the lifting of sanctions, the government of Iran has the opportunity to put in place a policy framework that will enable the economy to make maximum use of this windfall and put the economy on a path of sustained economic growth.
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Iran and the Permanent Members of the UN Security Council and Germany (P5 1) reached a deal on July 14, 2015 that limits Iranian nuclear activity in return for lifting all international sanctions that were placed on Iran.
... Exibir mais + This issue of the MENA Quarterly Economic Brief traces the economic effects of removing sanctions on Iran on the world oil market, on Iran’s trading partners, and on the Iranian economy. The most significant change will be Iran’s return to the oil market. Secondly, once sanctions and restrictions on financial transactions are relaxed, Iran’s trade, which had both declined in absolute terms and shifted away from Europe towards Asia and the Middle East, will expand. Thirdly, the Iranian economy, which was in recession for two years, will receive a major boost from increased oil revenues and lower trade costs. In addition, there are estimates that Iran holds about $107 billion worth of frozen assets overseas, of which an estimated $29 billion will be released immediately after sanctions removal. Finally, foreign direct investment, which had declined by billions of dollars following the tightening of sanctions in 2012, is expected to pick up. With the lifting of sanctions, the government of Iran has the opportunity to put in place a policy framework that will enable the economy to make maximum use of this windfall and put the economy on a path of sustained economic growth.
Exibir menos -
Iran and the Permanent Members of the UN Security Council and Germany (P5 1) reached a deal on July 14, 2015 that limits Iranian nuclear activity in return for lifting all international sanctions that were placed on Iran.
... Exibir mais + This issue of the MENA Quarterly Economic Brief traces the economic effects of removing sanctions on Iran on the world oil market, on Iran’s trading partners, and on the Iranian economy. The most significant change will be Iran’s return to the oil market. Secondly, once sanctions and restrictions on financial transactions are relaxed, Iran’s trade, which had both declined in absolute terms and shifted away from Europe towards Asia and the Middle East, will expand. Thirdly, the Iranian economy, which was in recession for two years, will receive a major boost from increased oil revenues and lower trade costs. In addition, there are estimates that Iran holds about $107 billion worth of frozen assets overseas, of which an estimated $29 billion will be released immediately after sanctions removal. Finally, foreign direct investment, which had declined by billions of dollars following the tightening of sanctions in 2012, is expected to pick up. With the lifting of sanctions, the government of Iran has the opportunity to put in place a policy framework that will enable the economy to make maximum use of this windfall and put the economy on a path of sustained economic growth.
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The abundance of natural resources combined with high commodity prices for much of the last two decades has helped Turkmenistan reach upper middle-income status.
... Exibir mais + Turkmenistan prospered by integrating more into the world economy and the instrument of this integration has been hydrocarbons, the resource that the country has in the greatest abundance. Turkmenistan is working on completing its transition as it advances through upper middle income to high income. Economic diversification is a key strategic priority. Turkmenistan has a vertically centralized governance structure. Accelerated and sustainable development will combine active diversification policies with policies to strengthen the country’s asset base of natural resources, built capital and institutions. Reflecting its extraordinary resource abundance, Turkmenistan’s asset portfolio is weighed toward “hard” endowments (natural resources and physical capital) while human capital and institutions are in need of improvement. In order to rebalance the country’s asset portfolio, authorities can make specific policy choices to strengthen human capital, ensure a more level playing field for business, improve public service provision and manage resource rents.
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The main message of this report is that if Kazakhstan wants to take advantage of global integration and diversification opportunities, the government needs to improve its trade policy framework, its management, and its regulations.
... Exibir mais + It is also finalizing accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) while its trade strategy includes a number of free trade agreements to be negotiated. It is an active member of the Central Asia Region Economic Cooperation (CAREC). This report is composed of three policy notes that discuss how to improve the trade policy framework, management, and regulations: note one is on the trade policy framework and recommends joining the WTO on a tariff schedule that is more liberal than Russia’s; note two postulates that to benefit more fully from the WTO membership and future regional or bilateral agreements, the institutional framework for trade policy management will need a clearer strategic vision, better coordination within the government and with private sector, and enhanced human capacity; and note three suggests that for the private sector to benefit from global integration and diversification, the government should ease the burden of regulations that affect trade (non-tariff measures (NTMs)).
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The main message of this report is that if Kazakhstan wants to take advantage of global integration and diversification opportunities, the government needs to improve its trade policy framework, its management, and its regulations.
... Exibir mais + It is also finalizing accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) while its trade strategy includes a number of free trade agreements to be negotiated. It is an active member of the Central Asia Region Economic Cooperation (CAREC). This report is composed of three policy notes that discuss how to improve the trade policy framework, management, and regulations: note one is on the trade policy framework and recommends joining the WTO on a tariff schedule that is more liberal than Russia’s; note two postulates that to benefit more fully from the WTO membership and future regional or bilateral agreements, the institutional framework for trade policy management will need a clearer strategic vision, better coordination within the government and with private sector, and enhanced human capacity; and note three suggests that for the private sector to benefit from global integration and diversification, the government should ease the burden of regulations that affect trade (non-tariff measures (NTMs)).
Exibir menos -
The main message of this report is that if Kazakhstan wants to take advantage of global integration and diversification opportunities, the government needs to improve its trade policy framework, its management, and its regulations.
... Exibir mais + It is also finalizing accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) while its trade strategy includes a number of free trade agreements to be negotiated. It is an active member of the Central Asia Region Economic Cooperation (CAREC). This report is composed of three policy notes that discuss how to improve the trade policy framework, management, and regulations: note one is on the trade policy framework and recommends joining the WTO on a tariff schedule that is more liberal than Russia’s; note two postulates that to benefit more fully from the WTO membership and future regional or bilateral agreements, the institutional framework for trade policy management will need a clearer strategic vision, better coordination within the government and with private sector, and enhanced human capacity; and note three suggests that for the private sector to benefit from global integration and diversification, the government should ease the burden of regulations that affect trade (non-tariff measures (NTMs)).
Exibir menos -
The main message of this report is that if Kazakhstan wants to take advantage of global integration and diversification opportunities, the government needs to improve its trade policy framework, its management, and its regulations.
... Exibir mais + It is also finalizing accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) while its trade strategy includes a number of free trade agreements to be negotiated. It is an active member of the Central Asia Region Economic Cooperation (CAREC). This report is composed of three policy notes that discuss how to improve the trade policy framework, management, and regulations: note one is on the trade policy framework and recommends joining the WTO on a tariff schedule that is more liberal than Russia’s; note two postulates that to benefit more fully from the WTO membership and future regional or bilateral agreements, the institutional framework for trade policy management will need a clearer strategic vision, better coordination within the government and with private sector, and enhanced human capacity; and note three suggests that for the private sector to benefit from global integration and diversification, the government should ease the burden of regulations that affect trade (non-tariff measures (NTMs)).
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This note outlines the critical barriers that constrain trade between Nigeria and Cameroon, describes the practical norms that have emerged as a response to those constraints, and recommends key reforms for the governments to undertake.
... Exibir mais + It is often difficult to get an accurate picture of the magnitude of informal cross-border trade in most developing countries. Many factors contribute to this difficulty, but chief among them are weak state institutions, widespread practices by traders to underreport trade in order to avoid high taxes, and porous borders that are hard to monitor and permit trade to cross borders unrecorded. In the case of Cameroon and Nigeria, officially recorded non-oil bilateral trade flows represent only a minor fraction of both countries overall trade. In 2010 and 2011, recorded official trade data show that non-oil trade flows from Nigeria to Cameroon were between 1 USD and 10 million USD, while Cameroon exported an estimated 10 to 30 million USD to Nigeria. Removing barriers to trade between the two economic blocs in West and Central Africa is of strategic importance for closer economic integration among countries in West and Central Africa, and to generate an Africa-wide free trade area by 2017, an objective endorsed by African governments.
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