Using the 2011 Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) USD 3.20 per person per day international poverty line for lower middle income countries, poverty in Tonga was 8.9 percent at the time of the 2009 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES).
... Exibir mais + Extreme poverty was nearly negligible based on the 2011 PPP USD I.90 per person per day poverty line. While these measures are low compared to regional averages, they are virtually unchanged since 2001. Inequality in 2009 was estimated to be 37.5 using the Gini index, on par with regional neighbors. According to national measures based on the cost of local basic needs, an estimated 22.5 percent of the Tongan population was living below the poverty line in 2009. The incidence of poverty was lowest in the capital, Nuku'alofa, at 21.4 percent, while it was estimated at 23.5 percent in the Rest of Tongatapu and 22.9 percent for Other Islands. A new round of the Tonga HIES was completed in 2016, and updated poverty estimates are expected in the near future.
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Solomon Islands is a small, remote archipelago in the South Pacific that faces a fairly unique set of development challenges. Solomon Islands is now at a critical juncture in its development trajectory.
... Exibir mais + Neither the economic geography nor the present political economy of Solomon Islands is particularly conducive to the establishment of state institutions capable of managing upcoming socioeconomic change. Because of the weaknesses of state institutions, and consistent with Solom on Islands’ historical experience, a variety of non-state and international actors will need to play important roles in managing upcoming and potentially risky socioeconomic change. This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Solomon Islands identifies key challenges and opportunities for achieving inclusive and sustainable growth, to accelerate progress toward the World Bank Group’s twin goals of reducing extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity.
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Like many countries in the Pacific region, the Solomon Islands suffers from infrequent collection of data and a lack of comparability between rounds.
... Exibir mais + Using the international poverty line of USD 1.90 (2011 PPP USD per person per day), the headcount poverty rate was estimated to be 25.1 percent in the 2012—2013 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES); using the USD 3.20 lower middle income class poverty line, it was estimated to be 58.8 percent. Evidence points to a decline in poverty since the previous HIES was conducted in 2005—2006 (with the data indicating that 45.6 percent of the population lived below the USD 1.90 international poverty line in 2005—2006), though substantial changes in methodology between the two surveys prohibit direct comparison. Using the national measure, 12.7 percent of the population in the Solomon Islands lived below the basic needs poverty line at the time of the 2012—2013 HIES. Poverty incidence was substantially higher in the provinces of Makira and Guadalcanal, relative to other provinces. The capital, Honiara, also had a higher-than-average incidence of poverty in 2012-2013, but the vast majority—an estimated 87 percent—of the poor in the Solomon Islands lived in rural areas. In terms of characteristics that were correlated with poverty: households with higher levels of education, those in which the head has a wage job, and migrant households were less likely to be poor. Attempts to construct approximately comparable measures of basic needs poverty between 2005—2006 and 2012—2013 indicate a decline in the headcount rate of 8 percentage points over the period.
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At the time of the 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES), the incidence of poverty in Vanuatu was measured at 39.5 percent and 13.2 percent, using the lower middle income class poverty line and the international poverty line, respectively.
... Exibir mais + Inequality was measured by the Gini index at 38, which is comparable to regional neighbors. According to the national basic needs poverty line, poverty in 2010 was 13 percent, nearly unchanged from the previous measure captured at the time of the 2006 survey. There were small decreases in the headcount rate in Port Vila (20.1 to 18.4 percent) and rural areas (11.5 to 10.0 percent), which were offset by a large increase in Luganville (12.2 to 23.6 percent). Despite lower levels of consumption poverty, access to basic services (such as improved electricity, water and sanitation, and housing) tends to be more limited in rural areas, so the rural poor are particularly vulnerable to multidimensional poverty. While there are insufficient data available to estimate poverty trends more recently, another HIES is being planned for 2018.
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Poverty monitoring in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is complicated by irregular data collection. According to the latest Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES), conducted in 2013—2014, the incidence of poverty was estimated at 39.5 percent and 16.0 percent using the lower middle income class and the 2011 PPP USD per person per day USD 1.90 international poverty lines, respectively.
... Exibir mais + The level of extreme poverty is higher than average for the Pacific region. Inequality was estimated by a Gini index of 40 in 2013—2014. Estimates based on the previous survey suggest the incidence of poverty has increased since 2005—06. However, methodological changes limit the comparability of these estimates across time. A comparison of non-monetary indicators of welfare suggests some significant improvements over the same period (e.g., in access to electricity, improved sanitation, quality housing, and According to the national poverty line, the poverty headcount rate was 41.2 percent in FSM in 2013—2014. According to the national poverty line, the poverty headcount rate was 41.2 percent in FSM in 2013—2014. Poverty levels were highest in Chuuk (45.5 percent), slightly lower in Yap (39.4 percent) and Pohnpei (39.2 percent), and lowest in Kosrae (21.0 percent). Due to the distribution of the population, nearly half of poor individuals in FSM live in Chuuk, with an additional 36 percent living in Pohnpei. Poor households were more likely to have more children, have female heads, have heads with lower levels of education, and have heads working outside the public sector. Inequality, as measured by the Gini index, was relatively uniform across the four states.
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It is very difficult to analyze poverty trends in Kiribati due to the infrequency of data collection. The most recent Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) was conducted more than 10 years ago, in 2006 (with the round prior to that conducted in 1996).
... Exibir mais + Using the 2006 HIES, the poverty rate was estimated at 34.6 percent based on the lower middle income class poverty line, and 12.9 percent based on the international poverty line. Inequality, as measured by the Gini index, was 37, slightly below regional averages. According to the national basic needs poverty line, the incidence of poverty in 2006 was 21.8 percent. Poverty rates were considerably higher in South Tarawa (24.2 percent) and the Rest of the Gilbert Islands (rural households) (22.0 percent), than in the Line and Phoenix Islands (8.9 percent), though separate poverty lines were estimated for these areas. As in many of the Pacific countries, poverty is concentrated in households where the household head has a lower level of formal education.
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The last Household and Income Expenditure Survey (HIES) was conducted in Papua New Guinea in 2009—2010, with the previous round conducted in 1996.
... Exibir mais + Poverty, as measured by the international lower middle income class poverty line of $3.20 (2011 PPP USD per person per day), was 65.6 percent in 2009—2010, a decline from 70.8 percent in 1996. Over the same period, extreme poverty, according to the 2011 PPP $1.90 international poverty line, declined from 53.2 percent to 38.0 percent. Inequality, as measured by the Gini index, was 42 in 2009-2010, slightly higher than for regional neighbors. Using the national basic needs poverty line, it was estimated that approximately 40 percent of the population was poor at the time of the 2009—2010 survey. Rural Momase and the New Guinea Islands have the highest incidence of poverty, though population density means that more than two-thirds of all the poor were located in the Highlands and rural Momase. Poverty (according to the national poverty line) is strongly correlated with the level of education, literacy, and economic activity of the household head. Substantial issues with the timeliness, quality, and comparability of survey rounds, however, impact confidence in deductions from the data.
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This poverty and equity brief explains about Poverty rates in Fiji are among the lowest in the Pacific. Estimates suggest that less than 2 percent of the population wed in extreme poverty in 2013-14 using the international poverty line; 14.3 percent lived in poverty using the lower middle-income class poverty line; and close to half the population lived in poverty using the upper middle-income class poverty line.
... Exibir mais + This latter incidence of poverty is at the higher end of the spectrum seen across the upper middle-income countries, and the incidence of extreme poverty is comparatively low. According to national estimates based on the cost of local basic needs, poverty in Fiji has been declining over time. The headcount poverty rate, as measured by consumption welfare, declined from 39.8 percent in the 2002—03 survey, to 35.2 percent in the 2008—09 survey, to 34.0 percent in the 2013—14 survey. The poverty rate is significantly higher in rural areas than urban areas (38.3 percent relative to 29.9 percent in the 2013—14 survey), but this gap has shifted over time. The rural poverty rate was relatively stable between 2002—03 and 2008—09, but dropped significantly between 2008—09 and 2013-14. Meanwhile, the urban poverty rate declined between 2002—03 and 2008—09, but then partially rebounded between 2008—09 and 2013—14. The characteristics associated with being poor (according to the national poverty line), include a larger household size and household heads with a lower level of education and who are self-employed, older in age, and a member of the i-Take ethnic group.
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This poverty and equity brief explains about the latest available Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) data for Tuvalu are from 2010.
... Exibir mais + Using the upper middle income class poverty line, the lower middle income class poverty line, and the international poverty line, the consumption-based poverty rates were 46.7 percent, 17.6 percent, and 3.3 percent, respectively. Inequality, as measured by the Gini index, was 39, which is comparable to most of Tuvalu's Pacific regional neighbors. Another HIES was conducted in 2016, so information on more recent poverty trends will become available in the near future.
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This report records the presentation of Tongo poverty conference which covered the methods of poverty and monetary measures to calculate the standard of welfare of the country.
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This report presents the poverty profile of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) based on the 2013-2014 Household income and expenditure survey (HIES) conducted by the government of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) from July, 2013 to July, 2014.
... Exibir mais + This HIES collected a wide array of information on the living conditions of the FSM population including household consumption expenditures, household demographics, household assets, and education and health status of household members. Two key questions are addressed in this report:1) Who are the poor and how are they distributed across the states of FSM? and 2) What are the general characteristics of people living in poverty in FSM?
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Solomon Islands is a small, remote archipelago in the South Pacific that faces a fairly unique set of development challenges. Solomon Islands is now at a critical juncture in its development trajectory.
... Exibir mais + Neither the economic geography nor the present political economy of Solomon Islands is particularly conducive to the establishment of state institutions capable of managing upcoming socioeconomic change. Because of the weaknesses of state institutions, and consistent with Solom on Islands’ historical experience, a variety of non-state and international actors will need to play important roles in managing upcoming and potentially risky socioeconomic change. This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Solomon Islands identifies key challenges and opportunities for achieving inclusive and sustainable growth, to accelerate progress toward the World Bank Group’s twin goals of reducing extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity.
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This report provides a detailed assessment of the methodological approaches and headline poverty results from the Timor-Leste survey of living standards 3 (TLSLS-3).
... Exibir mais + The survey is the third in a series of mutually comparable, detailed surveys to assess a wide range of aspects of living standards in Timor-Leste. Over time, the Timor-Leste surveys of living standards (TLSLS) have become larger to allow for greater precision and depth of analysis. Data from the recently completed 2014-15 TLSL-3 show a significant reduction in poverty in the country since 2007. At the national poverty line, which represents the cost of meeting basic needs in relation to food, shelter and non-food items in Timor-Leste, the proportion of Timorese living in poverty declined from 2007 to 2014. At the internationally comparable extreme poverty line, the poverty in Timor-Leste fell over the same period.
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The 2012-2013 poverty profile of the Solomon Islands presented in this report is based on the 2012-13 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) conducted by the Solomon Islands National Statistics Office (SINSO).
... Exibir mais + Based on the recently completed 2012-2013 HIES data, the poverty findings provide a timely set of new socio-economic measures that will inform the DCC government’s policy framework in supporting socio-economic development and structural reforms in the country. In particular, the poverty results will support the effective monitoring and implementation of the government’s national development strategy (NDS) which also encompasses the government’s fiscal and monetary policy goals and the medium term development plan (MTDP). The poverty benchmarks will underpin the current poverty reduction interventions within the NDS and MTDP, and allow the government to decide, among alternative investments, strategies to arrest poverty and to ensure effective service delivery, especially in the rural areas.
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