Managing urban spatial growth matters to reduce poverty and promote shared prosperity. As cities sprawl they become more unequal and inefficient.
... Exibir mais + Land markets enable urban development through private investments in land and assets that guide spatial growth. However, when land management and land use planning are deficient, informal land markets proliferate, fostering the growth of slums and urban sprawl. The World Bank has outlined an agenda for supporting urbanization which frames urban development in the context of a market‐based approach informed by spatial considerations. For over three decades the World Bank has been supporting and strengthening city institutions which manage urban spatial growth through land administration, land use planning and land development. The purpose of this evaluation is to assess the relevance and contribution of WB support to enhance the capacity of clients to manage urban spatial growth through land administration, land use planning and land development. The evaluation will document what works and why; and to draw lessons for future interventions.
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The Poverty Report is the second in a series of three analytical reports: (i) Key Indicators Report; (ii) Poverty Report; and (iii) Socio-economic Report.
... Exibir mais + It provides a basic diagnostic of poverty. The 2017 Myanmar Living Conditions Survey (MLCS) was implemented by the Central Statistical Organization (CSO) in the Ministry of Planning and Finance (MOPF), with financial and technical support from the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The MLCS was conducted over a 12-month period from December 2016 to December 2017. It covered 13,730 households sampled countrywide. The MLCS had the following objectives: (i) provide updated estimates of poverty and living conditions at the national, urban/rural and state and region levels; (ii) inform national data needs and selected Sustainable Development Goal targets; (iii) construct consumption weights for the national and regional CPI baskets; and (iv) estimate private consumption expenditure for the System of National Accounts. Between 2005 and 2017, the share of the population living in poverty declined substantially. The proportion of people living below the national poverty line declined from 48.2 percent in 2005 to 24.8 percent in 2017. Despite population growth, there was a decline in the number of poor people from 18.7 million in 2005 to 11.8 million in 2017. Strong poverty reduction over this period is reflective of Myanmar's robust economic growth: between 2005 and 2017, Myanmar's annual growth rate in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was 7.8 percent – the highest among Southeast Asian countries (World Bank, 2019). Improvement was also substantial on non-monetary dimensions of well-being (CSO, UNDP and World Bank, 2018a). Changes in the poverty gap and squared poverty gap2 follow similar patterns to those observed for the poverty headcount. Poverty has a strong geographic dimension in Myanmar. The incidence of poverty is highest in Chin State, where close to six out of 10 persons (58 percent) are poor. With a poverty headcount of 41.6 percent, Rakhine State has the second highest poverty incidence. At the other end of the distribution, three Regions – Tanintharyi, Mandalay and Yangon – have the lowest poverty headcounts of 13.2, 13.2 and 13.7 percent respectively. The differences among these three are not statistically significant.
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