Over the last half century, large-scale changes to coal industries across Europe, and more recently in the United States and China, have resulted in as many as 4 million coal workers losing their jobs. The main drivers of these changes are mine mechanization, government policies and competition from other fuels in downstream energy demand markets. At present, economies in Asia, Eastern Europe, and Africa face these same drivers of change, with large...
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DETAILS
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2019/01/01
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Working Paper
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130659
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2
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2019/04/09
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Disclosed
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Annex
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coal mine
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Citation
Managing Coal Mine Closure : Achieving a Just Transition for All (Vol. 2 of 2) : Annex (English). Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/432011554833235823