Growing informal employment in Russia raises concerns about fiscal sustainability, productivity, and social protection. Cutting through various data and definitions, this report finds one consistent outcome: informal employment is on the rise. As of 2016, Russia’s informal employment was estimated to range between 15.1 and 21.2 percent. The fiscal loss of underpayment by informal workers is estimated at between 1 to 2.3 percent of GDP. However, Russia’s...
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2019/06/06
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Documento de Trabalho
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137576
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1
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1
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2019/06/07
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Disclosed
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Stemming Russia’s Informality : Unearthing Causes and Developing Solutions
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informal employment
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