Increased attention to the development potential of international migration has led to calls for greater global cooperation and for industrial countries to consider temporary worker programs and other options for increasing the number of immigrants admitted. But less attention has been devoted to policies that migrant-sending countries pursue that impact on the ability of people to emigrate under the existing system. This paper documents the existence and impact of two such policies: passport costs and legal restrictions on emigration. New data collected on passport costs in 127 countries reveals enormous variation in the cost of a passport from one country to the next. One in every 10 countries in the sample is found to have passport costs exceeding 10 percent of annual per capita income. High passport costs are found to be associated with poor governance, especially in terms of the quality of the bureaucracy, and with lower levels of migration. Countries that place legal restrictions on the rights of women to emigrate are also found to have lower migration rates than countries with similar income and population levels. These findings suggest there is scope for some developing countries to receive greater benefits from migration by tearing down the paper walls they place around their own citizens.
Detalhes
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Autor
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Data do documento
2005/12/01
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TIpo de documento
Documento de trabalho sobre pesquisa de políticas
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No. do relatório
WPS3783
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Nº do volume
1
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Total Volume(s)
1
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País
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Região
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Data de divulgação
2010/07/01
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Disclosure Status
Disclosed
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Nome do documento
Paper walls are easier to tear down : passport costs and legal barriers to emigration
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Palavras-chave
passport costs;annual per capita income;international organization for migration;developmental impact of migration;international migration for development;quality of public service;cost of sending remittance;impact of policy change;measure of governance;number of migrants;restrictions on travel;right of women;determinants of migration;temporary worker program;stock of emigrant;incidence of market;number of immigrants;freedom of movement;reductions in cost;movement of migrant;dimension of governance;migrant receiving countries;human rights practice;list of countries;cost of migration;economies of scale;country of birth;country of origin;household survey data;domestic policy reform;flow of emigrants;regression of log;data on migrants;legal restriction;national income;
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