1. Understanding Poverty

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  • Developing country trade policies and market access issues : 1990-2012 (English)

    The study presents a comprehensive review of developing country trade policies and market access issues as they evolved over the period 1990-2012. The main findings are, first, that applied tariffs as...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS6463 Document Date: May 1, 2013 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Michalopoulos,Constantine,Ng,Francis K. T.

  • Trends in developing country trade 1980-2010 (English)

    This paper reviews trends and patterns in developing countries' trade from 1980 to 2010. During the 30-year span, world trade expanded rapidly, especially in developing countries in the last decade. A...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS6334 Document Date: January 1, 2013 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Michalopoulos,Constantine,Ng,Francis K. T.

  • The low-income countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States : progress and challenges in transition (English)

    After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the commonwealth of independent states (CIS-7) faced exceptional challenges in building new states, democratic institutions, and market economies. All of the CIS-7...

    Document Type: Publication Report No.: 99011 Document Date: January 1, 2004 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Khan,Mohammed Mohsin,Katsu,Shigeo,Otoo,Samuel K. E.,Sattar,Sarosh,Vashakmadze,Ekaterine T.,Helbling, Thomas,Mody,Ashoka,Sahay,Ratna,Lane, Philip R.,Pomfret,Richard W.,Betley,Mary,Falkingham,Jane C.,Cord,Louise J.,Lopez,Ramon E.,Huppi,Monika,Melo,Oscar A.,Jones Luong,Pauline,Vandycke,Nancy L.,Michalopoulos,Constantine,Kennedy, David,Fankhauser,Samuel,Raiser,Martin

  • Trade integration and transition (English)

    Opening addresses by Andras Inotai, Franz Kaps, Carol Balassa, Benjamin King, Mihaly Simai, and Gyorgy Szapary. International competitiveness, multifactor productivity and growth in the United States...

    Document Type: Working Paper Report No.: 44034 Document Date: September 1, 2002 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Inotai,Andras,Kaps,Franz H., Balassa, Carol,King,Benjamin B., Simai, Mihaly, Szapary, Gyorgy, Salvatore, Dominick,Iqbal,Farrukh, Rosati, Dariusz K.,Sapir,Andre,Michalopoulos,Constantine,Mitra,Pradeep K.

  • A sourcebook for Poverty Reduction Strategies (Vol. 1 of 2) : Core techniques and cross-cutting issues (English)

    This sourcebook was written to assist low-income countries with the development and strengthening of their poverty reduction strategies. This book has been designed as a resource for analysis and discourse...

    Document Type: Publication Report No.: 29800 Document Date: January 1, 2002 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Achikbache,Bahjat,Alkire,Sabina,Ames,Brian,Aoki,Aya,Baharoglu,Deniz,Bamberger,J. Michael,Bebbington,Anthony J.,Belkindas,Misha V.,Blackden,C. Mark,Bojö, Jan,Bosch,Christophe E.,Brown, Ward,Bruns,Barbara,Bucknall,Julia,Christiaensen,Luc,Claeson,Mariam,Cord,Louise J.,Coudouel,Aline,Devarajan,Shantayanan,Dinc,Mustafa,Domelen, Julie Van,Dongier,Philippe,Donnelly-Roark,Paula,Drabble,Michael,Eele,Graham,Esmail,Talib B. K.,Ezemenari,Kenechukwu Maria,Fort,Lucia,Fozzard,Adrian,Gannon,Colin A.,Girishankar,Navin,Griffin,Charles C.,Grosh,Margaret Ellen,Gwilliam,Kenneth M.,Hamilton,Kirk E.,Hammergren,Linn A.,Hentschel,Jesko S.,Hoekman,Bernard M.,Holmes,Malcolm R. G.,Hommann,Kirsten,Izquierdo, Alejandro,Johnston,Timothy A.,Kenny,Charles J.,Kessides,C. Fallert,Kishor,Nalin M.,Klugman, Jeni [editor],Knack,Stephen,Kraus,Christiane,Lamech,Ranjit J.,Levy,Brian David,Litvack,Jennie I.,Liu,Zhi,Malmberg Calvo,Christina,Manning,Nicholas Paul,Manoukian,Violeta,Marope,Mmantsetsa,Mclachlan,Mildred,Messick,Richard E.,Michalopoulos,Constantine,Mingat,Alain Jean Louis,Moock,Peter Russell,Mozammel,Masud,Murphy,Patrick D.,Navas Sabater,Juan Francisco,O'Sullivan,Kyran,Ostrom,Elinor,Paci,Pierella,Patrinos,Harry Anthony,Pillai,Poonam,Polski,Margaret M.,Prennushi,Giovanna,Rinne,Jeffrey James,Ryan Rizvi,Andrea C.,Rubio Soto,Gloria Martha,Sadoff,Claudia Winkelman,Schiff,Maurice,Scott, Christopher,Shah,Parmesh,Sherburne-Benz,Lynne D.,Soucat,Agnes L. B.,Subbarao,Kalanidhi,Sutch,M. Helen,Swanson,Eric Valdeman,Tan,Jee-Peng,Tarr,David,Thomas,Christopher J.,Tikare,Seema,Travers,Sumter Lee,Wagstaff, Adam,Wakeman,Wendy E.,Winter,Carolyn,Withers, Kate,Wodon,Quentin T.,Yang,Hongyu,Yazbeck,Abdo S.,Yitzaki, Shlomo,Youssef,Deborah,Zatlokal,Barbara

  • A sourcebook for Poverty Reduction Strategies (Vol. 2 of 2) : Macroeconomic and sectoral approaches (English)

    This sourcebook was written to assist low-income countries with the development and strengthening of their poverty reduction strategies. This book has been designed as a resource for analysis and discourse...

    Document Type: Publication Report No.: 29800 Document Date: January 1, 2002 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Achikbache,Bahjat,Alkire,Sabina,Ames,Brian,Aoki,Aya,Baharoglu,Deniz,Bamberger,J. Michael,Bebbington,Anthony J.,Belkindas,Misha V.,Blackden,C. Mark,Bojö, Jan,Bosch,Christophe E.,Brown, Ward,Bruns,Barbara,Bucknall,Julia,Christiaensen,Luc,Claeson,Mariam,Cord,Louise J.,Coudouel,Aline,Devarajan,Shantayanan,Dinc,Mustafa,Domelen, Julie Van,Dongier,Philippe,Donnelly-Roark,Paula,Drabble,Michael,Eele,Graham,Esmail,Talib B. K.,Ezemenari,Kenechukwu Maria,Fort,Lucia,Fozzard,Adrian,Gannon,Colin A.,Girishankar,Navin,Griffin,Charles C.,Grosh,Margaret Ellen,Gwilliam,Kenneth M.,Hamilton,Kirk E.,Hammergren,Linn A.,Hentschel,Jesko S.,Hoekman,Bernard M.,Holmes,Malcolm R. G.,Hommann,Kirsten,Izquierdo, Alejandro,Johnston,Timothy A.,Kenny,Charles J.,Kessides,C. Fallert,Kishor,Nalin M.,Klugman, Jeni [editor],Knack,Stephen,Kraus,Christiane,Lamech,Ranjit J.,Levy,Brian David,Litvack,Jennie I.,Liu,Zhi,Malmberg Calvo,Christina,Manning,Nicholas Paul,Manoukian,Violeta,Marope,Mmantsetsa,Mclachlan,Mildred,Messick,Richard E.,Michalopoulos,Constantine,Mingat,Alain Jean Louis,Moock,Peter Russell,Mozammel,Masud,Murphy,Patrick D.,Navas Sabater,Juan Francisco,O'Sullivan,Kyran,Ostrom,Elinor,Paci,Pierella,Patrinos,Harry Anthony,Pillai,Poonam,Polski,Margaret M.,Prennushi,Giovanna,Rinne,Jeffrey James,Ryan Rizvi,Andrea C.,Rubio Soto,Gloria Martha,Sadoff,Claudia Winkelman,Schiff,Maurice,Scott, Christopher,Shah,Parmesh,Sherburne-Benz,Lynne D.,Soucat,Agnes L. B.,Subbarao,Kalanidhi,Sutch,M. Helen,Swanson,Eric Valdeman,Tan,Jee-Peng,Tarr,David,Thomas,Christopher J.,Tikare,Seema,Travers,Sumter Lee,Wagstaff, Adam,Wakeman,Wendy E.,Winter,Carolyn,Withers, Kate,Wodon,Quentin T.,Yang,Hongyu,Yazbeck,Abdo S.,Yitzaki, Shlomo,Youssef,Deborah,Zatlokal,Barbara

  • Trade policy reform and poverty alleviation (English)

    In this paper, developed as part of the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Sourcebook, the authors examine how to implement trade liberalization as part of a strategy for alleviating poverty in developing...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS2733 Document Date: December 31, 2001 Disclosure Status: Author: Hoekman,Bernard M.,Michalopoulos,Constantine,Schiff,Maurice,Tarr,David

  • The integration of transition economies into the world trading system (English)

    The author analyzes current trade policies and challenges faced by the transition economies - especially countries in the former soviet Union - as they are integrated into the world trading system. With...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS2182 Document Date: September 30, 1999 Disclosure Status: Author: Michalopoulos,Constantine

  • Developing country goals and strategies for the Millennium Round (English)

    Many developing countries have been reluctant to participate in multilateral trade negotiations except for those on agriculture and services, topics mandated under previous World Trade Organization (WTO...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS2147 Document Date: July 31, 1999 Disclosure Status: Author: Michalopoulos,Constantine

  • WTO accession for countries in transition (English)

    Countries in transition have considered membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) an important step toward integration in the international economic system. After several years of negotiations...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS1934 Document Date: June 30, 1998 Disclosure Status: Author: Michalopoulos,Constantine

  • Developing countries' participation in the World Trade Organization (English)

    In the 1960s and 1970s developing countries viewed UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade & Development) rather than the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade) as the main institution through...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS1906 Document Date: March 31, 1998 Disclosure Status: Author: Michalopoulos,Constantine

  • Policies on imports from economies in transition - two case studies (English)

    Although the European Union (EU) and the United States have greatly increased access to their markets for products from transition economies, they continue to treat many of their new trading partners as...

    Document Type: Publication Report No.: 17427 Document Date: September 30, 1997 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Ehrenhaft, Peter D.,Hindley, Brian Vernon,Michalopoulos,Constantine,Winters,L. Alan

  • The economics of customs unions in the Commonwealth of Independent States (English)

    In the aftermath of the breakup of the Soviet Union, trade among the new independent states collapsed. To help reestablish interstate trade, the 12 members of the Commonwealth of independent States (CIS)...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS1786 Document Date: June 30, 1997 Disclosure Status: Author: Michalopoulos,Constantine,Tarr,David

  • Transition 8 (3) (English)

    Reform boosts growth and foreign investment. Nations in transit - 1997 Freedom House rankings. Good policies are needed to make aid effective. The EBRD increases activity : interview with EBRD's Chief...

    Document Type: Newsletter Report No.: 16987 Document Date: June 30, 1997 Disclosure Status: Author: Selowsky,Marcelo,Garcia Tafur,Ricardo Martin,Shor, Boris,Burnside,A. Craig,Dollar,David R.,Hirschler,Richard,Sewell,David O.,Rutland, Peter,Pohl,Gerhard,Anderson,Robert E.,Claessens, Stijn,Djankov,Simeon,Hewer,Ulrich Albert,Goldberg,Itzhak,Jedrzejczak,Gregory T.,Fuchs,Michael J.,Michalopoulos,Constantine,Peters, Philip

  • Payments and finance problems in the Commonwealth of Independent States (English)

    Payments problems constrained interstate trade among the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries in 1992-95, especially during the prolonged demise of the ruble zone. Two kinds of solutions...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS1587 Document Date: April 30, 1996 Disclosure Status: Author: Michalopoulos,Constantine

  • Trade performance and policy in the new independent states (Russian)

    Integration with the global economy is essential in making the transition from plan to market. All 15 new independent states (NIS) established in the economic space of the former Soviet Union (FSU) suffered...

    Document Type: Publication Report No.: 15524 Document Date: March 31, 1996 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Michalopoulos,Constantine,Tarr,David