1. Understanding Poverty

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  • Integration in Global Value Chains — The Role of Service Inputs : Evidence from India (English)

    This paper investigates the relationship between the use of service inputs and integration in global value chains. Using macro and detailed firm-level data (for 1990–2017), the study documents the extent...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS9813 Document Date: October 19, 2021 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Manghnani,Ruchita,Meyer,Birgit Elisabeth,Saez,Juan Sebastian,Van Der Marel,Erik Leendert

  • Firm Performance, Participation in Global Value Chains and Service Inputs : Evidence from India (English)

    This paper explores the relationship between the use of service inputs, participation in global value chains, and firm productivity. Services play the role of both an intermediate input in production and...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS9814 Document Date: October 19, 2021 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Manghnani,Ruchita,Meyer,Birgit Elisabeth,Saez,Juan Sebastian,Van Der Marel,Erik Leendert

  • Regulating Personal Data : Data Models and Digital Services Trade (English)

    While regulations on personal data diverge widely between countries, it is nonetheless possible to identify three main models based on their distinctive features: one model based on open transfers and...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS9596 Document Date: March 23, 2021 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Ferracane,Martina Francesca,Van Der Marel,Erik Leendert

  • Trade Facilitation in Services : Concepts and Empirical Importance (English)

    This paper examines the concept of trade facilitation in services from the perspective of the recent literature on the determinants of services trade. The aim is to conceptualize trade facilitation in...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS9234 Document Date: May 7, 2020 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Van Der Marel,Erik Leendert,Shepherd,Ben

  • Digital Innovation in East Asia : Do Restrictive Data Policies Matter (English)

    Digital technologies encourage companies to innovate with new processes, goods, and services, which ultimately enhance their competitiveness in local and global markets. This paper analyzes whether a wide...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS9124 Document Date: January 27, 2020 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Ferracane,Martina Francesca,Van Der Marel,Erik Leendert

  • Services in the European Union : what kinds of regulatory policies enhance productivity ? (English)

    This paper is the first one to show the effects of services regulations on downstream firms in the goods and services sectors in a multiple-country setting using firm-level data. The study selected a group...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS7919 Document Date: December 15, 2016 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Van Der Marel,Erik Leendert,Kren,Janez,Iootty De Paiva Dias,Mariana

  • Russian Federation : how services contribute to competitiveness (English)

    Globalization is creating many new trade and growth opportunities, with services trade increasingly becoming an issue for export-oriented economies. Services are important to country trade strategies...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS7827 Document Date: September 19, 2016 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Saez,Juan Sebastian,Van Der Marel,Erik Leendert

  • Valuing services in trade : a toolkit for competitiveness diagnostics (English)

    The Service Trade Competitiveness Diagnostic (STDC) Toolkit is part of a larger agenda of trade competitiveness work developed by the World Bank's International Trade Unit in recent years. Services are...

    Document Type: Publication Report No.: 93714 Document Date: January 14, 2015 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Hollweg,Claire Honore,Van Der Marel,Erik Leendert,Saez,Juan Sebastian,Taglioni,Daria,Zavacka,Veronika

  • International tradability indices for services (English)

    This paper uses a theoretically grounded model of international trade to estimate the cross-border tradability of services. The resulting indices cover up to 99 countries and ten sectors. The results show...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS6712 Document Date: November 1, 2013 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Shepherd,Benjamin A.,Van Der Marel,Erik Leendert